Ljstrumtlbj fejuei 185?54<475.pa` Bpdretlbj & Feljtdjejmd Ploretbry rbiidr MM1?1MH@/MM4?1MH@ Djcljd Muffljs U]O 1.4 (LLLE/Q=) Muffljs U]O 1.4 (LLLO/Q1l) ]drlei jufodr 57777=?5x7E77<=<8 57777=10x7E755147 57777=?=x7E77xxxx 57777=18x7E7553=3 -
Qrejsietlbj b` brlcljei ljstrumtlbj ]uondmt tb mhejcds Wrljtda lj ]wdadj
Qeoid b` Mbjtdjts Ljtrbaumtlbj .............................................................................................................................. 5 Qhd femhljd ............................................................................................... 5 Ljtdjada usd ............................................................................................... 5 Serjljc syfobis......................................................................................... 5 ]e`dty lj`brfetlbj ....................................................................................... 5 Cdjdrei ....................................................................................................... ? MD ferkljc eja Admieretlbj b` mbj`brflty.................................................. = ]e`dty - Cdjdrei ljstrumtlbjs.................................................................................................... 4 ]e`dty - whdj bpdretljc........................................................................................................... 3 ]ibpds ......................................................................................................... 3 Arlvljc jder dacds ...................................................................................... 8 ]e`dty (Bptlbjei)...................................................................................................................... < Elr mbjaltlbjljc............................................................................................ < Dacd muttdr/mbfpemtbr................................................................................ < Sbrkljc ilchts - Xdjbj .............................................................................. 57 ]pdmlei ljstrumtlbjs................................................................................................................ 55 ]tejaera iuorlmejts eja bthdr rdmbffdjada blis eja `iulas .................... 55 Hlchdr efoldjt tdfpdreturds, eobvd +17·M (571·@)................................ 55 Ibwdr efoldjt tdfpdreturd - @rddzd rlsk ................................................. 55 Qdfpdreturds............................................................................................ 55 Hlch prdssurd midejljc ............................................................................. 5? @lrd `lchtljc ............................................................................................... 5? _bii Bvdr Wrbtdmtlvd ]trumturd (_BW]), _BW] epprbvda meo.................. 5? Oettdry hejailjc ........................................................................................ 5? Nufp stertljc (?1P)................................................................................... 5= Qdmhjlmei spdml`lmetlbjs ......................................................................................................... 54 Ploretlbjs - Bpdretbr stetlbj ..................................................................... 54 Jblsd idvdi................................................................................................. 54 Didmtrlmei systdf ....................................................................................... 54 Alfdjslbjs, slad vldw............................................................................... 50
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Alfdjslbjs, tbp vldw ................................................................................ 53 Sdlchts eja vbiufds................................................................................ 58 Sbrkljc mepemlty....................................................................................... 58 Cdjdrei ..................................................................................................... 5< Hyareuilm systdf....................................................................................... ?7 Eutbfetlm Milfetd Mbjtrbi (EMM) (Bptlbjei)............................................. ?7 Qlchtdjljc tbrqud ...................................................................................... ?5 Femhljd adsmrlptlbj............................................................................................................... ?= Aldsdi djcljd ............................................................................................ ?= Didmtrlmei systdf ....................................................................................... ?= Wrbpuislbj systdf..................................................................................... ?= Orekd systdf ............................................................................................ ?1 ]tddrljc systdf ........................................................................................ ?1 Ploretlbj systdf........................................................................................ ?1 Meo............................................................................................................ ?1 @BW] eja _BW] ...................................................................................... ?1 Ladjtl`lmetlbj ............................................................................................................ ?4 Wrbaumt eja mbfpbjdjt pietds ................................................................. ?4 Wrbaumt ladjtl`lmetlbj jufodr bj thd `refd .............................................. ?0 Femhljd pietd............................................................................................ ?0 Dxpiejetlbj b` 53WLJ sdrlei jufodr.......................................................... ?0 Djcljd pietds ............................................................................................ ?3 Admeis...................................................................................................................... ?8 Ibmetlbj - admeis ....................................................................................... ?8 ]e`dty admeis............................................................................................. ?< Lj`b admeis................................................................................................. =5 Ljstrufdjts/Mbjtrbis ............................................................................................... =? Mbjtrbi pejdi eja mbjtrbis ........................................................................ =? @ujmtlbj adsmrlptlbjs ................................................................................ == Alspiey dxpiejetlbjs ................................................................................. =0
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Femhljd eierf........................................................................................... 17 "FELJ FDJT" ........................................................................................... 15 "T]D_ ]DQQLJC]" .................................................................... 1? "FEMHLJD ]DQQLJC]".............................................................. 1= "]D_PLMD FDJT"...................................................................... 1= "EOBTQ"..................................................................................... 14 Bpdretbr hdip whdj stertljc...................................................................... 14 Bpdretbr hdip Sbrkfbad.......................................................................... 14 Ljstrufdjts eja mbjtrbis, meo................................................................... 10 @ujmtlbj adsmrlptlbj b` ljstrufdjts eja mbjtrbis lj thd meo ..................... 13 Tsljc thd meo mbjtrbis............................................................................... 18 Ad`rbstdr ..................................................................................... 18 Hdet ............................................................................................ 18 EM/EMM ...................................................................................... 18 Didmtrlmei systdf (vdrslbj 5).................................................................................... 1< @usd obxds lj felj swltmhobx .................................................................. 1< Didmtrlmei systdf (vdrslbj ?).................................................................................... 47 @usd mera lj felj swltmhobx..................................................................... 47 Wbwdr lj djcljd mbfpertfdjt/oettdry mbfpertfdjt ................................ 45 Felj `usd pejdi (Muffljs) ...................................................................... 45 @usds lj meo.............................................................................................. 4? Bpdretlbj ............................................................................................................................... 4= Od`brd stertljc ......................................................................................................... 4= Festdr swltmh - ]wltmhljc bj..................................................................... 4= Mbjtrbi pejdi, eanustfdjts ....................................................................... 4= Bpdretbr's sdet - Eanustfdjt..................................................................... 41 Bpdretbr's sdet, mbf`brt - Eanustfdjts..................................................... 41 Werkljc orekd ............................................................................................ 44 Alspiey - Mbjtrbi........................................................................................ 44 Ljtdribmk..................................................................................................... 40
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Bpdretbr pbsltlbj....................................................................................... 43 Pldw .......................................................................................................... 43 ]tertljc .................................................................................................................... 48 ]tertljc thd djcljd .................................................................................... 48 Alspiey whdj emtlvetljc mhblmd vle thd outtbj sdt..................................... 4< Eierf adsmrlptlbjs..................................................................................... 07 Arlvljc ..................................................................................................................... 05 Bpdretljc thd rbiidr ................................................................................... 05 Femhljd wlth cder mhejcd lj sdperetd sprljc-rdturj swltmh (cder pbsltlbj swltmh).................................................................. 0? Mbfol femhljds ....................................................................................... 0= Ljtdribmk/Dfdrcdjmy stbp/Werkljc orekd - Mhdmk..................................... 0= Wlvbtei stddrljc (Bptlbjei)......................................................................... 01 Dacd muttljc (Bptlbjei) ............................................................................. 01 Ploretlbj .................................................................................................................. 04 Fejuei/Eutbfetlm vloretlbj....................................................................... 04 Fejuei vloretlbj - ]wltmhljc bj ................................................................ 00 Efpiltuad/`rdqudjmy - Mhejcdbvdr........................................................... 00 Orekljc .................................................................................................................... 00 Jbrfei orekljc.......................................................................................... 00 Dfdrcdjmy orekljc ................................................................................... 03 ]wltmhljc b``.............................................................................................. 03 Werkljc .................................................................................................................... 08 Mhbmkljc thd arufs .................................................................................. 08 Festdr swltmh ............................................................................................ 08 Ibjc-tdrf perkljc.................................................................................................................. 0< Djcljd ....................................................................................................... 0< Oettdry....................................................................................................... 0< Elr midejdr, dxheust plpd........................................................................... 0< Setdrljc systdf ....................................................................................... 0<
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@udi tejk ................................................................................................... 0< Hyareuilm rdsdrvblr .................................................................................... 0< Qlrds .......................................................................................................... 37 Hbbas, terpeuilj........................................................................................ 37 ]tddrljc myiljadr, hljcds, dtm. ................................................................... 37 Flsmdiiejdbus ........................................................................................................................ 35 Il`tljc ....................................................................................................................... 35 Ibmkljc thd ertlmuietlbj ............................................................................. 35 Il`tljc thd rbiidr.......................................................................................... 35 Il`tljc thd rbiidr wlth nemk>.......................................................................... 3? Tjibmkljc thd ertlmuietlbj .......................................................................... 3? Qbwljc/_dmbvdrljc.................................................................................................. 3? ]hbrt alstejmd tbwljc wlth thd djcljd rujjljc.......................................... 3= ]hbrt alstejmd tbwljc whdj thd djcljd ls ljbpdretlvd. ............................. 3= Qbwljc thd rbiidr........................................................................................ 31 Qrelidr dyd ................................................................................................. 31 Qrejspbrt ................................................................................................................. 34 Ibealjc MM??1-0?1H@ ............................................................................. 30 Bpdretljc ljstrumtlbjs - ]uffery ......................................................................................... 3< Wrdvdjtlvd feljtdjejmd ........................................................................................................ 85 Emmdptejmd eja adilvdry ljspdmtlbj.......................................................... 85 Serrejty.................................................................................................... 85 Feljtdjejmd - Iuorlmejts eja syfobis ................................................................................. 8= Feljtdjejmd syfobis ............................................................................... 81 Feljtdjejmd - Feljtdjejmd smhdauid ................................................................................... 84 ]drvlmd eja feljtdjejmd pbljts ............................................................... 84 Cdjdrei ..................................................................................................... 84 Dvdry 57 hburs b` bpdretlbj (Aeliy)........................................................... 80 E`tdr thd @L_]Q 47 hburs b` bpdretlbj ...................................................... 80 Dvdry 47 hburs b` bpdretlbj (Sddkiy)....................................................... 83
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Dvdry ?47/347/5?47/5347 hburs b` bpdretlbj........................................... 83 Dvdry 477/5477 hburs b` bpdretlbj........................................................... 88 Dvdry 5777 hburs b` bpdretlbj .................................................................. 8< Dvdry ?777 hburs b` bpdretlbj .................................................................. <7 Feljtdjejmd, 57h .................................................................................................................. <5 Aldsdi djcljd - Mhdmk bli idvdi .................................................................. <5 Mbbiejt idvdi - Mhdmk ................................................................................
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Hyareuilm `iula mbbidr Mhdmkljc - Midejljc................................................................................ 574 Oettdry - Mhdmk mbjaltlbj .................................................................................... 570 Elr mbjaltlbjljc (Bptlbjei) - Ljspdmtlbj.............................................................................................. 570 Elr mbjaltlbjljc (Bptlbjei) Aryljc `litdr - Ljspdmtlbj .......................................................................... 573 Dacd muttdr (Bptlbjei) - Iuorlmetlbj ............................................................................................ 573 Feljtdjejmd - 477 / 5477h .................................................................................................. 57< Hyareuilm `iula mbbidr Mhdmkljc - Midejljc................................................................................ 57< Elr midejdr Mhdmkljc - Mhejcd thd felj elr `litdr...................................................... 57< Oemkup `litdr - Mhejcd............................................................................. 557 Elr midejdr - Midejljc................................................................................................ 555 Aldsdi djcljd Bli mhejcd ............................................................................................... 55? Djcljd _dpiemljc bli `litdr.................................................................................... 55? Qhd djcljd `udi `litdr - rdpiemdfdjt/midejljc .......................................... 55= Aruf - bli idvdi Ljspdmtlbj - `liiljc .................................................................................... 55= _uoodr didfdjts eja ettemhfdjt smrdws Mhdmk ...................................................................................................... 551 ]det oderljc - Iuorlmetlbj....................................................................... 551 Feljtdjejmd - 5777h ........................................................................................................... 554 Elr midejdr Mhdmkljc - Mhejcd thd felj elr `litdr...................................................... 554 Oemkup `litdr - Mhejcd............................................................................. 550 Elr midejdr - Midejljc................................................................................................ 550
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Aldsdi djcljd Bli mhejcd ............................................................................................... 553 Djcljd _dpiemljc bli `litdr.................................................................................... 553 Qhd djcljd `udi `litdr - rdpiemdfdjt/midejljc .......................................... 558 Aruf - Bli mhejcd ................................................................................... 55< Aruf cder - Bli mhejcd........................................................................... 55< Aruf cder - Mhdmkljc thd bli idvdi .......................................................... 5?7 Shddi cder - Bli mhejcd ......................................................................... 5?7 Shddi cder - Mhdmkljc thd bli idvdi/@liiljc thd bli.................................... 5?5 Hyareuilm `litdr Mhejcd.................................................................................................... 5?5 Hyareuilm rdsdrvblr mep - Mhdmk .............................................................. 5?? _uoodr didfdjts eja ettemhfdjt smrdws Mhdmk ...................................................................................................... 5?= ]det oderljc - Iuorlmetlbj....................................................................... 5?= Meo @rdsh elr `litdr - _dpiemljc....................................................................... 5?1 Elr mbjaltlbjljc (Bptlbjei) - Bvdrheui ............................................................................................... 5?1 Elr mbjaltlbjljc (Bptlbjei) Aryljc `litdr - Ljspdmtlbj .......................................................................... 5?4 Feljtdjejmd - ?777h ........................................................................................................... 5?3 Elr midejdr Mhdmkljc - Mhejcd thd felj elr `litdr...................................................... 5?3 Oemkup `litdr - Mhejcd............................................................................. 5?8 Elr midejdr - Midejljc................................................................................................ 5?8 Aldsdi djcljd Bli mhejcd ............................................................................................... 5?< Djcljd _dpiemljc bli `litdr.................................................................................... 5?< Qhd djcljd `udi `litdr - rdpiemdfdjt/midejljc .......................................... 5=7
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@udi tejk - Midejljc............................................................................................... 5=7 Aruf - Bli mhejcd ................................................................................... 5=5 Aruf cder - Bli mhejcd........................................................................... 5=5 Aruf cder - Mhdmkljc thd bli idvdi .......................................................... 5=? Shddi cder - Bli mhejcd ......................................................................... 5=? Shddi cder - Mhdmkljc thd bli idvdi/@liiljc thd bli.................................... 5== Hyareuilm `litdr Mhejcd.................................................................................................... 5== Hyareuilm rdsdrvblr @iula mhejcd............................................................................................ 5=1 Setdrljc systdf - Areljljc................................................................................................ 5=4 Setdr tejk - Midejljc ............................................................................. 5=4 ]tddrljc nbljt - Mhdmk.............................................................................. 5=0 Meo @rdsh elr `litdr - _dpiemljc....................................................................... 5=0 Elr mbjaltlbjljc (Bptlbjei) - Bvdrheui ............................................................................................... 5=3 Elr mbjaltlbjljc (Bptlbjei) Aryljc `litdr - Ljspdmtlbj .......................................................................... 5=3 Wlvbt oderljc (Bptlbjei) - Iuorlmetlbj...................................................... 5=8
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Ljtrbaumtlbj Ljtrbaumtlbj Qhd femhljd Ayjepem MM1?1MH@/4?1MH@ ls e sdi`-prbpdiida vloretbry mbfoljetlbj rbiidr lj <.4/57 fdtrlm tbjjds miess `deturljc 53=7/5<47 ff (08/33lj) wlad stddi aruf `rbjt eja `bur sfbbth ruoodr tlrds et rder. Qhd femhljd ls dqulppda wlth arlvd, orekds, vloretlbj eja tlfdr `br wetdr sprljkidr bj thd aruf. Qhd ruoodr tlrds erd arlvdj eja orekda lj pelrs eja eisb dqulppda wlth e sprljkidr systdf `br thd usd b` `iula `rbf e sdpdretd dfuislbj tejk br `rbf thd mdjtrei wetdr tejk. ]mrepdrs eja mbmbe fets erd eiweys fbujtda bj thd ruoodr tlrds eja bj thd aruf smrepdrs erd fbujtda eja mbmbe fets erd bptlbjei. E verldty b` al``drdjt djcljd pbwdr sdttljcs, bpdretbr piet`brfs, mbjtrbi pbssloliltlds eja bptlbjs fekds thd femhljd evelieoid lj e ibt b` al``drdjt mbj`lcuretlbjs.
Ljtdjada usd Qhd femhljd ls feljiy adslcjda tb od usda `br thlj eja thlmk espheit ieydrs wlth rdceras tb auei vloretlbj efpiltuads thet erd bptlflzda `br thls purpbsd. Lt ls eisb pbssloid tb mbfpemt crejuier sbli fetdrlei, sumh es seja eja crevdi.
Serjljc syfobis SE_JLJC ! Ferks e aejcdr br e hezerabus prbmdaurd thet mej rdsuit lj il`d thrdetdjljc br sdrlbus ljnury l` thd werjljc ls lcjbrda.
METQLBJ ! Ferks e aejcdr br hezerabus prbmdaurd thet mej rdsuit lj aefecd tb thd femhljd br prbpdrty l` thd werjljc ls lcjbrda.
]e`dty lj`brfetlbj Lt ls rdmbffdjada tb et idest trelj bpdretbrs lj hejailjc eja aeliy feljtdjejmd b` thd femhljd lj emmbraejmd wlth thd ljstrumtlbj fejuei. Wessdjcdrs erd jbt eiibwda bj thd femhljd, eja ybu fust slt lj thd sdet whdj bpdretljc thd femhljd.
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Ljtrbaumtlbj Qhd se`dty fejuei suppilda wlth thd femhljd fust od rdea oy eii rbiidr bpdretbrs. Eiweys `biibw thd se`dty ljstrumtlbjs. Ab jbt rdfbvd thd fejuei `rbf thd femhljd.
Sd rdmbffdja thet thd bpdretbr rdeas thd se`dty ljstrumtlbjs lj thls fejuei merd`uiiy. Eiweys `biibw thd se`dty ljstrumtlbjs. Djsurd thet thls fejuei ls eiweys desliy emmdssloid.
_dea thd djtlrd fejuei od`brd stertljc thd femhljd eja od`brd merryljc but ejy feljtdjejmd.
_dpiemd lffdaletdiy thd ljstrumtlbj fejueis l` ibst, aefecda br ujrdeaeoid.
Djsurd cbba vdjtlietlbj (dxtremtlbj b` elr oy `ej) whdrd thd djcljd ls ruj ljabbrs.
MEIL@B_JLE
Wrbpbsltlbj 04 Serjljc Aldsdi djcljd dxheust eja sbfd b` lts mbjstltudjts erd kjbwj tb thd ]tetd b` Meil`brjle tb meusd mejmdr, olrth ad`dmts, eja bthdr rdprbaumtlvd herf.
Cdjdrei Qhls fejuei mbjteljs ljstrumtlbjs `br femhljd bpdretlbj eja feljtdjejmd. Qhd femhljd fust od mbrrdmtiy feljteljda `br fexlfei pdr`brfejmd. Qhd femhljd shbuia od kdpt midej sb thet ejy idekecds, ibbsd obits eja ibbsd mbjjdmtlbjs erd alsmbvdrda et es deriy e pbljt lj tlfd es pbssloid. Ljspdmt thd femhljd dvdry aey, od`brd stertljc. Ljspdmt thd djtlrd femhljd sb thet ejy idekecds br bthdr `euits erd adtdmtda. Mhdmk thd crbuja ujadr thd femhljd. Idekecds erd fbrd desliy adtdmtda bj thd crbuja thej bj thd femhljd ltsdi`.
?
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Ljtrbaumtlbj QHLJK DJPL_BJFDJQ ! Ab jbt rdidesd bli, `udi eja bthdr djvlrbjfdjteiiy hezerabus suostejmds ljtb thd djvlrbjfdjt. Eiweys sdja usda `litdrs, arelj bli eja `udi rdfjejts tb djvlrbjfdjteiiy mbrrdmt alspbsei. Qhls fejuei mbjteljs ljstrumtlbjs `br pdrlbalm feljtdjejmd jbrfeiiy merrlda but oy thd bpdretbr.
Eaaltlbjei ljstrumtlbjs `br thd djcljdfejuei. mej od `buja lj thd feju`emtudr's djcljd
MD ferkljc eja Admieretlbj b` mbj`brflty (Eppilds tb femhljds ferkdtda lj DT/DDM) Qhls femhljd ls MD ferkda. Qhls shbws thet bj adilvdry lt mbfpilds wlth thd oeslm hdeith eja se`dty alrdmtlvds eppilmeoid `br thd femhljd lj emmbraejmd wlth femhljdry alrdmtlvd ?770/1?/DM eja thet lt eisb mbfpilds wlth bthdr alrdmtlvds eppilmeoid `br thls femhljd. E "Admieretlbj b` mbj`brflty" ls suppilda wlth thls femhljd, whlmh spdml`lds thd eppilmeoid alrdmtlvds eja suppidfdjts, es wdii es thd herfbjlzda stejaeras eja bthdr rdcuietlbjs thet erd eppilda.
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Ljtrbaumtlbj
1
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]e`dty - Cdjdrei ljstrumtlbjs ]e`dty - Cdjdrei ljstrumtlbjs (Eisb rdea thd se`dty fejuei) 5.
Qhd bpdretbr fust od `efliler wlth thd mbjtdjts b` thd BWD_EQLBJ sdmtlbj od`brd stertljc thd rbiidr.
?.
Djsurd th et eii lj strumtlbjs lj thd FE LJQDJEJMD sdm tlbj erd `b iibwda.
=.
Bjiy tre ljda eja /br d xpdrldjmda bpd retbrs erd tb bp dretd th d rbiidr. Wessdjcdrs erd jbt pdrflttda bj thd rbiidr. _dfelj sdetda et eii tlfds whdj bpdretljc thd rbiidr.
1.
Jdvdr usd thd rbiidr l` lt ls lj jdda b` eanustfdjt br rdpelr.
4.
Bjiy fbujt eja alsfbujt thd rbiidr whdj lt ls stetlbjery. Tsd thd ljtdjada crlps eja relis. Eiweys usd thd thrdd-pbljt crlp (obth `ddt eja bjd heja, br bjd `bbt eja obth hejas) whdj fbujtljc br alsfbujtljc thd femhljd. Jdvdr nufp abwj `rbf thd femhljd.
0.
Qhd _BW] (_bii Bvdr Wrbtdmtlvd ]trumturd) shbuia eiweys od usda whdj thd femhljd ls bpdretda bj ujse`d crbuja.
3.
Arlvd sibwiy lj sherp odjas.
8.
Evbla arlvljc emrbss sibpds. Arlvd strelcht up br strelcht abwj thd sibpd.
<.
Shdj arlvljc mibsd tb dacds, altmhds br hbids, fekd surd thet et idest ?/= b` thd aruf wlath ls bj prdvlbusiy mbfpemtda fetdrlei (sbila sur`emd).
57. Fekd surd thet thdrd erd jb bostemids lj thd alrdmtlbj b` trevdi, bj thd crbuja, lj `rbjt b` br odhlja thd rbiidr, br bvdrhdea. 55. Arlvd pertlmuieriy merd`uiiy bj ujdvdj crbuja. 5?. Tsd thd se`dty dqulpfdjt prbvlada. Qhd s det odit fust od wb rj bj femhljds `lttda wlth _BW]/_BW]-meo. 5=. Kddp thd rbiidr m idej. Midej ejy a lrt br crd esd thet emmufuietds bj thd bpdretbr piet`brf lffdaletdiy. Kddp eii slcjs eja admeis midej eja idcloid. 51. ]e`dty f desurds od`brd rd `udiljc> - ]tbp thd djcljd - Ab jbt sfbkd. - Jb jekda `iefds lj thd vlmljlty b` thd rbiidr. - Derth thd `liiljc dqulpfdjt jbzzid tb thd tejk bpdjljc tb evbla sperks. 54. Od`brd rdpelrs br sdrvlmd> - Mhbmk thd arufs/whddis eja ujadr thd strlkd-b`` oiead. - Ibmk thd ertlmuietlbj l` jdmdssery
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]e`dty - Cdjdrei ljstrumtlbjs 50. Hderljc prbtdmtlbj ls rdmbf fdjada l` thd jbls d idvdi dxmddas 84 aO(E). Qhd jblsd idvdi mej very adpdjaljc bj thd dqulpfdjt bj thd femhljd eja thd sur`emd thd femhljd ls odljc usda bj. 53. Ab jbt fekd ejy mhejcds br fb al`lmetlbjs tb thd rbiid r thet mbu ia e``dmt se`dty. Mhejcds erd bjiy tb od fead e`tdr wrlttdj epprbvei hes oddj clvdj oy Ayjepem. 58. Evbla usljc thd rbi idr od`brd thd hyareuilm `iula he s rdemhda lts jbr fei wbrkljc tdfpdreturd. Orekljc alstejmds mej od ibjcdr thej jbrfei whdj thd `iula ls mbia. ]dd ljstrumtlbjs lj thd ]QBW sdmtlbj. 5<. @br y bur bwj prbt dmtlbj eiw eys wder> - hdifdt - wbrkljc obbts wlth stddi tbdmeps - der prbtdmtbrs - rd`idmtljc mibthljc/hlch vlslolilty nemkdt - wbrkljc cibvds
0
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]e`dty - whdj bpdretljc ]e`dty - whdj bpdretljc Wrdvdjt pdrsbjs `rbf djtdrljc br rdfeljljc lj thd aejcdr erde, l.d. e alstejmd b` et idest 3 f (?= `t) lj eii alrdmtlbjs `rbf bpdretljc femhljds. Qhd bpdretbr fey eiibw e pdrsbj tb rdfelj lj thd aejcdr erde, out shbuia thdj bosdrvd meutlbj eja bpdretd thd femhljd bjiy whdj thd pdrsbj ls vlsloid br hes clvdj mider ljalmetlbjs b` whdrd hd br shd ls.
]ibpds Qhls ejcid hes oddj fdesurda bj e hera, `iet sur`emd wlth thd femhljd stetlbjery. Qhd stddrljc ejcid wes zdrb, thd vloretlbj wes swltmhda B@@ eja eii tejks wdrd `uii.
Fex ?7· br =0%
Eiweys tekd ljtb mbjsladretlbj thet ibbsd crbuja, stddrljc thd femhljd, vloretlbj bj, femhljd spdda emrbss thd crbuja eja relsljc thd mdjtdr b` crevlty mej eii meusd thd femhljd tb tbppid et sfeiidr sibpd ejcids thej thbsd spdml`lda hdrd. Qb dxlt thd meo lj ej dfdrcdjmy, rdidesd thd heffdr bj thd rder rlcht pbst eja ordek thd rlcht bpdjljc slad-wljabws.
@lc. Bpdretljc bj sibpds
Lt ls rdmbffdjada thet _BW] (_bii Bvdr Wrbtdmtlvd ]trumturd) br e _BW] epprbvda meo, ls eiweys usda whdj arlvljc bj sibpds br ujse`d crbuja.
Shdrd pbssloid, evbla arlvljc emrbss sibpds. Arlvd ljstdea strelcht up eja abwj sibpljc crbuja.
?75=-71-?=
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3
]e`dty - whdj bpdretljc Arlvljc jder dacds Shdj arlvljc jder ej dacd, fljlfuf ?/= b` thd aruf wlath fust od bj sbila crbuja. Shdj usljc plvbtei stddrljc, bjiy bjd aruf shbuia od eiibwda tb fbvd ljtb thd pbsltlbj shbwj lj thd plmturd. Qhd bthdr aruf fust od lj mbjtemt wlth thd crbuja emrbss lts `uii wlath.
5
≤ ?/=
@lc. Wbsltlbj b` arufs whdj arlvljc jder ej dacd 5. Wlvbtei stddrljc
8
Kddp lj flja thet thd femhljd's mdjtdr b` crevlty fbvds butweras whdj stddrljc. @br dxefpid, thd mdjtdr b` crevlty fbvds tb thd rlcht whdj ybu stddr tb thd id`t.
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]e`dty (Bptlbjei) ]e`dty (Bptlbjei) Elr mbjaltlbjljc Qhd systdf mbjteljs prdssurlzda rd`rlcdrejt. Lt ls `brolaadj tb rdidesd rd`rlcdrejts ljtb thd etfbsphdrd.
Sbrk bj thd rd`rlcdrejt mlrmult ls bjiy tb od merrlda but oy euthbrlzda mbfpejlds.
Qhd mbbiljc systdf ls prdssurlzda. Ljmbrrdmt hejailjc mej rdsuit lj sdrlbus pdrsbjei ljnury. Ab jbt alsmbjjdmt br ujab thd hbsd mbupiljcs. @lc. Elr mbjaltlbjljc (EMM)
Qhd systdf fust od rd-`liida wlth ej epprbvda rd`rlcdrejt oy euthbrlzda pdrsbjjdi whdj jdmdssery. ]dd admei bj br lj thd vlmljlty b` thd ljsteiietlbj.
Dacd muttdr/mbfpemtbr Qhd bpdretbr fust fekd surd thet jbobay ls lj thd erde b` bpdretlbj whlid thd femhljd ls lj usd.
Qhd dacd muttdr mbjslsts b` rbtetljc mbfpbjdjts eja thdrd ls e rlsk b` odljc mrushda.
=
5 ? @lc. Dacd muttdr/mbfpemtbr 5. Qrejspbrt pbsltlbj ?. Bpdretljc pbsltlbj =. Hbiadr `br muttdr/mbfpemtbr whddi.
?75=-71-?=
Qhd tbbi fust od rdturjda tb thd trejspbrt pbsltlbj (relsda pbsltlbj) (5) dvdry tlfd lt hes oddj usda.
L` thd dacd muttdr eja lts perts erd alsfejtida, fekd surd thet lt ls sdt lj e rdildvda pbsltlbj eja rdstljc bj thd crbuja.
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]e`dty (Bptlbjei) Sbrkljc ilchts - Xdjbj Serjljc, hlch vbitecd!
Qhd wbrkljc ilchts b` thd Xdjbj typd hevd e sdmbjaery hlch-vbitecd sburmd. Sbrk bj thd ilchtljc shbuia bjiy mbjaumtda oy ej euthbrlzda didmtrlmlej eja wlth thdod prlfery vbitecd alsmbjjdmtda. Mbjtemt e Ayjepem adeidr!
@lcurd. Xdjbj ilchtljc bj meo
Serjljc, djvlrbjfdjteiiy hezerabus westd!
Sbrkljc ilchts b` thd Xdjbj typd ljmiuad e alsmhercd iefp thet mbjteljs fdrmury (Hc). E ad`dmtlvd iefp ls tb od mbjsladrda es hezerabus westd eja sheii od alspbsda b`` es pdr ibmei alrdmtlvds.
57
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]pdmlei ljstrumtlbjs ]pdmlei ljstrumtlbjs ]tejaera iuorlmejts eja bthdr rdmbffdjada blis eja `iulas Od`brd idevljc thd `emtbry, thd systdfs eja mbfpbjdjts erd `liida wlth thd blis eja `iulas spdml`lda lj thd iuorlmejt spdml`lmetlbj. Qhdsd erd sulteoid `br efoldjt tdfpdreturds lj thd rejcd -54·M tb +17·M (4·@ - 574·@). Qhd fexlfuf tdfpdreturd `br olbibclmei hyareuilm `iula ls +=4·M (<4·@).
Hlchdr efoldjt tdfpdreturds, eobvd +17·M (571·@) @br bpdretlbj b` thd femhljd et hlchdr efoldjt tdfpdreturds, hbwdvdr fexlfuf +47·M (5??·@), thd `biibwljc rdmbffdjaetlbjs eppiy> Qhd aldsdi djcljd mej od ruj et thls tdfpdreturd usljc jbrfei bli. Hbwdvdr, thd `biibwljc `iulas fust od usda `br bthdr mbfpbjdjts> Hyareuilm systdf - fljdrei bli ]hdii Qdiius Q577 br slflier.
Ibwdr efoldjt tdfpdreturd - @rddzd rlsk Fekd surd thet thd wetdrljc systdf ls dfpty/areljda b` wetdr (sprljkidr, hbsds, tejk/s) br thet ejtl-`rddzd hes oddj eaada, tb prdvdjt thd systdf `rddzljc. Qhd butidt hbsd `rbf thd mdjtrei tejk mej od alsmbjjdmtda eja thd dja piemda lj e mbjteljdr wlth ejtl`rddzd tb ruj thls thrbuch thd pufp/`litdr.
Qdfpdreturds Qhd tdfpdreturd ilflts eppiy tb stejaera vdrslbjs b` rbiidrs. _biidrs dqulppda wlth eaaltlbjei dqulpfdjt, sumh es jblsd supprdsslbj, fey jdda tb od fbrd merd`uiiy fbjltbrda lj thd hlchdr tdfpdreturd rejcds.
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]pdmlei ljstrumtlbjs Hlch prdssurd midejljc Ab jbt sprey alrdmtiy bjtb didmtrlmei mbfpbjdjts. Ab jbt usd hlch prdssurd midejljc `br aeshobera/alspiey. Qhd Didmtrlmei Arlvd Mbjtrbi eja thd mbfputdr obx fey jbt od weshda wlth hlch prdssurd midejljc eja jbt et eii wlth wetdr. Midej thdf wlth e ary wlpdr. Adtdrcdjt thet mej adstrby didmtrlmei perts, br whlmh ls mbjaumtlvd, fust jbt od usda.
Wiemd e piestlm oec bvdr thd `udi `liidr mep eja sdmurd wlth e ruoodr oeja. Qhls ls tb evbla hlch prdssurd wetdr djtdrljc thd vdjt hbid lj thd `liidr mep. Qhls mbuia meusd fei`ujmtlbjs, sumh es thd oibmkljc b` `litdrs. Jdvdr elf thd wetdr ndt alrdmtiy et thd `udi tejk mep. Qhls ls pertlmuieriy lfpbrtejt whdj usljc e hlch-prdssurd midejdr.
@lrd `lchtljc L` thd femhljd metmhds `lrd, usd ej EOM-miess pbwadr `lrd dxtljculshdr. E OD-miess merobj albxlad `lrd dxtljculshdr mej eisb od usda.
_bii Bvdr Wrbtdmtlvd ]trumturd (_BW]), _BW] epprbvda meo L` thd femhljd ls `lttda wlth e _bii Bvdr Wrbtdmtlvd ]trumturd (_BW], br _BW] epprbvda meo) jdvdr merry but ejy wdialjc br arliiljc lj thd strumturd br meo.
Jdvdr ettdfpt tb rdpelr e aefecda _BW] strumturd meo. Qhdsd fust od rdpiemda wlth jdw _BW]brstrumturd br meos.
Oettdry hejailjc Shdj rdfbvljc oettdrlds, eiweys alsmbjjdmt thd jdcetlvd meoid `lrst.
5?
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]pdmlei ljstrumtlbjs Shdj `lttljc oettdrlds, eiweys mbjjdmt thd pbsltlvd meoid `lrst.
Alspbsd b` bia oettdrlds lj ej djvlrbjfdjteiiy `rldjaiy wey. Oettdrlds mbjtelj tbxlm idea.
Ab jbt usd qulmk-mhercdr `br mhercljc oettdry. Qhlse fey shbrtdj oettdry il`d. thd
Nufp stertljc (?1P) Ab jbt mbjjdmt thd jdcetlvd meoid tb thd jdcetlvd tdrfljei bj thd adea oettdry. E sperk mej lcjltd thd bxy-hyarbcdj ces `brfda erbuja thd oettdry. Mhdmk thet thd oettdry usda `br nufp stertljc hes thd sefd vbitecd es thd adea oettdry.
5
?
Qurj thd lcjltlbj eja eii pbwdr mbjsufljc dqulpfdjt b``. ]wltmh b`` thd djcljd bj thd femhljd whlmh ls prbvlaljc nufp stert pbwdr.
5?P
Nufp ideas fust hevd ?1P. =
?1P
@lrst mbjjdmt thd nufp stert oettdry's pbsltlvd tdrfljei (5) tb thd `iet oettdry's pbsltlvd tdrfljei (?).Qhdj mbjjdmt thd nufp stert oettdry's jdcetlvd tdrfljei (=) tb, `br dxefpid, e obit (1) br thd il`ntljc dyd bj thd femhljd wlth thd `iet oettdry.
1
]tert thd djcljd bj thd pbwdr prbvlaljc femhljd. Idt lt ruj `br e whlid. Jbw try tb stert thd bthdr femhljd. Alsmbjjdmt thd meoids lj thd rdvdrsd bradr.
5?P
@lc. Nufp stertljc
?75=-71-?=
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5=
]pdmlei ljstrumtlbjs
51
185?54<475.pa`
?75=-71-?=
Qdmhjlmei spdml`lmetlbjs Qdmhjlmei spdml`lmetlbjs Ploretlbjs - Bpdretbr stetlbj (L]B ?0=5) Qhd vloretlbj idvdis erd fdesurda lj emmbraejmd wlth thd bpdretlbjei mymid adsmrloda lj DT alrdmtlvd ?777/51/DM bj femhljds dqulppda `br thd DT ferkdt, wlth vloretlbj swltmhda bj, bj sb`t pbiyfdr fetdrlei eja wlth thd bpdretbr“s sdet lj thd trejspbrt pbsltlbj. Fdesurda whbid-obay vloretlbjs erd odibw thd emtlbj veiud b` 7.4 f/s¿ es spdml`lda lj Alrdmtlvd ?77?/11/DM. (Ilflt ls 5.54 f/s¿) Fdesurda heja/erf vloretlbjs eisb wdrd odibw thd emtlbj idvdi b` ?.4 f/s¿ spdml`lda lj thd sefd alrdmtlvd. (Ilflt ls 4 f/s¿)
Jblsd idvdi Qhd jblsd idvdi ls fdesurda lj emmbraejmd wlth thd bpdretlbjei mymid adsmrloda lj DT alrdmtlvd ?777/51/DM bj femhljds dqulppda `br thd DT ferkdt, bj sb`t pbiyfdr fetdrlei wlth vloretlbj swltmhda bj eja thd bpdretbr's sdet lj thd trejspbrt pbsltlbj. Cuerejtdda sbuja pbwdr idvdi, IwE
8?kS <=/<3kS 55=/55
573 aO(E) 578 aO (E) 57
]buja prdssurd idvdi et thd bpdretbr's der (piet`brf), IpE
<5 µ= aO (E)
]buja prdssurd idvdi et thd bpdretbr's der (meo), IpE
84 µ= aO (E)
Aurljc bpdretlbj thd eobvd veiuds fey al``dr odmeusd b` thd emtuei bpdretlbjei mbjaltlbjs.
Didmtrlmei systdf Femhljds erd DFM tdstda lj emmbraejmd wlth DJ 5==7<>?777 'Mbjstrumtlbj femhljdry'
?75=-71-?=
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54
Qdmhjlmei spdml`lmetlbjs Alfdjslbjs, slad vldw
H h A
E ] I
Alfdjslbjs
ff
lj
E
Shddi oesd
=0<7
514
A
Alefdtdr, aruf
5=77
45
h
Hdlcht, wlthbut _BW]/meo
??34
<7
H
Hdlcht, wlth _BW]/meo
?<<7
558
I
Idjcth, stejaera verlejt
1<=7
5<1
]
Qhlmkjdss, aruf efpiltuad, Jbfljei
50
MM1?1MH@
58
7.35
MM4?1MH@
?7
7.3<
185?54<475.pa`
?75=-71-?=
Qdmhjlmei spdml`lmetlbjs Alfdjslbjs, tbp vldw
\ _5 S
X
F5 F?
_?
Alfdjslbjs F5
ff
lj
MM1?1MH@
58<7
31.4
MM4?1MH@
?557
8=.5
Femhljd wlath, stejaera
F?
Femhljdwlath,esyffdtrlmei
_5
Qurjljc realus, butdr
_?
S
?=14
MM1?1MH@
1<44
5<4
MM4?1MH@
0737
?=<
MM1?1MH@
=??4
5?3
MM4?1MH@
=5?7
5?=
MM1?1MH@
53=7
08
MM4?1MH@
5<47
33
Qurjljc realus, ljjdr
Arufwlath
*) wlth b``sdt X
wlath Qlrd
\
Mbfol wlath
?75=-71-?=
?84 504?
185?54<475.pa`
55 04
53
Qdmhjlmei spdml`lmetlbjs Sdlchts eja vbiufds Sdlchts ]drvlmdwdlcht MM1?1MH@ MM4?1MH@
wlthbut_BW] ]QA ]QA
_BW] (DJ477)
(kc)
477 <
(ios)
?7 <47
(kc)
57 777
(ios)
?? 747
Meo
@iula vbiufds @udi tejk
?=7 iltdrs
05 cei
Setdr tejk/s mdjtrei dfuislbj -
<77 iltdrs
?=8 cei
37 iltdrs
58.4 cei
Sbrkljc mepemlty Mbfpemtlbj aete ]tetlm iljder ibea MM1?1MH@ MM4?1MH@
(@rbjt) ?<,4
(kc/mf)
(_der) 5577
504
(pil)
504
?<,7
(kc/mf)
5577
50?
(pil)
50?
Efpiltuad
Ploretlbj`rdqudjmy
MM1?1-0?1H@
Hlch 7,8
7,=
7.7=5
7.75?
Hlch efpiltuad
Hlch efpiltuad (MD-?770)
45 =707
58
Ibw
185?54<475.pa`
(kc/whddi)
Ibw (MD-?770) 7,? (ff) 7.778( lj)
Ibw efpiltuad
1= ?487
(kc/whddi)
03 17?7
Ibw efpiltuad (MD-?770) 0? (Hz) =3?7 (vpf)
?75=-71-?=
Qdmhjlmei spdml`lmetlbjs Mdjtrl`ucei`brmd
Hlch efpiltuad
MM1?1MH@
Hlch efpiltuad (MD-?770)
51?
<<
=5<47 MM4?1MH@
Ibw efpiltuad
???34
543
<= ?7
573
=4=?4
?1734
Ibw efpiltuad (MD-?770) 41 (kJ) 5?547( io)
575 ??3?4
40 (kJ) 5?077( io)
Wrbpuislbj ]pdda rejcd
7-5? kf/h
7-3.4 fph
Milfoljc mepemlty (thdbrdtlmei) MM1?1MH@
=< %
MM4?1MH@
=4 %
Cdjdrei Djcljd Feju`emturdr/Fbadi
Muffljs U]O 1.4
Wbwdr butput (]ED N5<<4), ??77 rpf 8? kS (LLLE/Q=, LLLO/Q1l)
Setdr-mbbidaturobaldsdi 557 hp
<=kS(LLLE/Q=)
5?4hp
<3kS(LLLO/Q1l)
5=7hp
55=kS(LLLE/Q=)
54?hp
55
507hp
Djcljd spdda lailjc -
<77 rpf
-ibealjc/ujibealjc
5077rpf
-wbrk/trejspbrt
??77rpf
Qhd jdw Qldr 1l/]tecd LLLO Muffljs djcljds rdqulrd thd usd b` Titre Ibw ]uiphur Aldsdi (TI]A) `udi, whlmh hes e suiphur mbjtdjt b` 54 ppf (perts pdr fliilbj) br idss. E hlchdr suiphur mbjtdjt wlii meusd bpdretljc prboidfs eja put thd usd`ui il`d b` mbfpbjdjts et rlsk, whlmh mej idea tb djcljd trbuoid.
Qlrds Qlrdalfdjslbjs Elr prdssurd (kWe)
?75=-71-?=
55,77_?7,5=/87_?7 ?77
185?54<475.pa`
?< psl
5<
Qdmhjlmei spdml`lmetlbjs Didmtrlmei systdf Oettdry
?1P(?x5?P31Eh)
Eitdrjetbr
?1P 14E
(LLLE/Q=)
?1P 37E @usds
(LLLO/Q1l)
]ddthdDidmtrlmeisystdfsdmtlbj`usds
Ouios(l`fbujtda)
Sett
]bmkdt
Arlvdilchts,`rbjt
34/37
W1=t(H1)
Alrdmtlbjilchts,`rbjt
?5
OE54s
]lad ilchts
4
]P8,4
Orekd-Wbsltlbjilchts Alrdmtlbjilchts,rder Ilmdjsd pietd ilcht Sbrkljc ilchts
?5/4
OE\54a
?5
OE54s
4
]P8,4 37
WK??s (H=)
=4 Meo ilchts
Xdjbj
57
]P8,4
Hyareuilm systdf Bpdjljpcrdssurd
FWe
Wsl
Arlvd systdf
17
]uppiy systdf
?.4
877 4 =04
Ploretlbj systdf
==
877 1
Mbjtrbi systdfs
?7
<77 ?
Orekd rdidesd
5.8
?07
Eutbfetlm Milfetd Mbjtrbi (EMM) (Bptlbjei) Qhd systdf adsmrloda lj thls fejuei ls ej EM/EMM typd (Eutbfetlm Milfetd Mbjtrbi), l.d. e systdf thet feljteljseja thd abbrs sdt tdfpdreturd lj thd meo, prbvlada wljabws erd kdpt mibsda. Mbbiejt adslcjetlbj> H@M-_5=1>E Mbbiejt wdlcht whdj `uii> 5=47 cref (?.<8 ios)
?7
185?54<475.pa`
?75=-71-?=
Qdmhjlmei spdml`lmetlbjs Qlchtdjljc tbrqud Qlchtdjljc tbrqud lj Jf (io`.`t) `br blida br ary obits tlchtdjda wlth e tbrqud wrdjmh. Fdtrlm mbersd smrdw thrdea, orlcht ceivejlzda (`zo)>
]Q_DJCQH MIE]]> Fthrdea
8.8, Blida
8.8, Ary
57.<, Blida
57.<, Ary
5?.<, Blida
5?.<, Ary
F0 F8
8,1 ?5
<,1 ?=
5? ?8
5=,1 =?
51,0 =1
50,= =8
F57
17
14
40
0?
08
30
F5?
37
38
<8
557
553
5=5
F51
557
5?=
540
531
583
?78
F50
50<
5<7
?17
?37
?<7
=?7
F?7
==7
=37
137
4?7
407
0?7
F??
110
1<3
0?0
0<<
34?
8=<
F?1
437
017
877
<77
<07
5787
F=7
55=7
5?07
5487
5337
5<77
?577
Fdtrlm mbersd thrdea, zljm-trdetda (Aemrbfdt/CDBFDQ)> ]Q_DJCQH MIE]]> F F-t-h thrrddeeaa
5577.< .<,B ,Blild idaa
5577.< .<,A ,Arryy
55??.< .<,B ,Blild idaa
55??.< .<,A ,Arryy
F0
5?,7
54,7
51,0
58,=
F8
?8
=0
=1
1=
F57
40
37
08
80
F5?
<8
5?1
553
513
F51
540
5<0
583
?=1
F50
?17
=71
?<7
=07
F?7
137
484
407
0<8
F??
0?0
380
34?
<11
F?1 F=7
877 5487
5757 5<<7
<07 5<77
5?54 ?=07
?75=-71-?=
185?54<475.pa`
?5
Qdmhjlmei spdml`lmetlbjs
??
185?54<475.pa`
?75=-71-?=
Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Aldsdi djcljd Qhd femhljd ls dqulppda wlth e mbfpidtdiy didmtrbjlmeiiy mbjtrbiida wetdr-mbbida `bur-myiljadr, turobmhercda (SCQ) aldsdi djcljd wlth alrdmt ljndmtlbj (HWM_) eja ljtdrmbbidr. SCQ - Sestd Cetd Qurob HWM_ - Hlch Wrdssurd Mbffbj _eli `udi ljndmtlbj
(LLLO/Q1l) Qhd djcljd ls eisb dqulppda wlth mbbida dxheust ces rdmlrmuietlbj (mdC_) eja didmtrbjlmeiiy mbjtrbiida dxheust ces rdmlrmuietlbj veivds (DC_) tbcdthdr wlth e Muffljs ® aldsdi bxlaetlbj meteiysetbr (ABM) systdf `br dxheust e`tdr-trdetfdjt. Qhd djcljd hes eisb ej didmtrbjlmeiiy mbjtrbiida verleoid `ibw turob (P@Q) eja mrejkmesd vdjtlietlbj systdf wlth hlchiy d``lmldjt mbeidsmhljc `litdrs. mdDC_ - Dxtdrjei Mbbida DC_-didmtrbjlmeiiy mbjtrbiida ABM - Aldsdi Bxlaetlbj Meteiyst P@Q - Perleoid @ibw turobmhercdr-di. mbjtrbiida
Didmtrlmei systdf Qhd femhljd hes thd `biibwljc mbjtrbi ujlts (DMT, Didmtrbjlm Mbjtrbi Tjlt) eja didmtrbjlm ujlts. • Felj DMT (`br thd femhljd)
• Aldsdi djcljd mbjtrbi ujlt (DMF) • L/B obera (Mbjtrbi obera) • Alspiey
Wrbpuislbj systdf Qhd prbpuislbj systdf ls e hyarbstetlm systdf E arlvd ujlt (prbpuislbj fbtbr + cder) arlvds demh aruf br whddi pelr. Eii prbpuislbj fbtbrs erd mbjjdmtda lj pereiidi, e hyareuilm pufp suppilds eii fbtbrs wlth hyareuilm bli. Qhd spdda b` thd femhljd ls prbpbrtlbjei tb thd ejcid b` thd mbjtrbi idvdr (thd ad`idmtlbj b` thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr rdcuietds thd spdda). E spdda sdidmtbr ls evelieoid es bptlbj.
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Orekd systdf Qhd orekd systdf mbfprlsds e sdrvlmd orekd, sdmbjaery orekd eja perkljc orekd. Qhd sdrvlmd orekd systdf prbaumds rdteraetlbj b` thd prbpuislbj systdf, l.d. hyarbstetlm orekljc.
]dmbjaery/Werkljc orekd Qhd sdmbjaery eja perkljc orekd systdf mbfprlsds sprujc alsm orekds tb demh aruf, aruf hei` rdspdmtlvdiy whddi pelr.Qhd alsm orekds erd alsdjcecda oy hyareuilm prdssurd.
]tddrljc systdf Qhd stddrljc systdf ls e hyarbstetlm systdf. Qhd stddrljc whddi ls mbjjdmtda tb e stddrljc veivd thet alstrloutds thd `ibw tb thd stddrljc myiljadrs et thd ertlmuietda nbljt. E hyareuilm pufp suppilds thd stddrljc veivd wlth bli. Qhd stddrljc ejcid ls prbpbrtlbjei tb thd efbujt thd stddrljc whddi ls turjda. Lj sbfd ferkdts, thd femhljd ls eisb dqulppda wlth ej dfdrcdjmy stddrljc systdf, dlthdr fejueiiy br didmtrb-hyareuilmeiiy.
Ploretlbj systdf Qhd vloretlbj systdf ls e hyarbstetlm systdf lj whlmh e hyareuilm fbtbr arlvds thd dmmdjtrlm she`t, whlmh cdjdretds thd aruf's vloretlbjs. Ej dmmdjtrlm she`t lj thd `rbjt-rdsp. rder aruf cdjdretds thd thd aruf's vloretlbjs. Demh dmmdjtrlm she`t ls arlvdj oy e hyareuilm fbtbr. E hyareuilm pufp suppilds demh hyareuilm fbtbr wlth bli. Hlch efpiltuad/ibw `rdqudjmy br ibw efpiltuad/hlch `rdqudjmy ls mbjtrbiida oy thd alrdmtlbj b` rbtetlbj b` thd hyareuilm fbtbr.
Meo Qhd meo hes e hdetljc eja vdjtlietlbj systdf, wlth ad`rbstdrs `br eii wljabws. Qhd meo mej od dqulppda wlth elr mbjaltlbjljc (EMM).
Dfdrcdjmy dxlt Qhd meo hes twb dfdrcdjmy dxlts> thd abbr eja thd rder meo wljabw, whlmh mej od orbkdj wlth thd dfdrcdjmy heffdr ibmetda lj thd meo.
@BW] eja _BW] @BW] ls thd eoordvletlbj `br "@eiiljc Bondmt Wrbtdmtlvd ]trumturd" (rbb` prbtdmtlbj) eja _BW] ls thd
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj eoordvletlbj `br "_bii Bvdr Wrbtdmtlvd ]trumturd". Qhd meo ls epprbvda es e prbtdmtlvd meo lj emmbraejmd wlth thd @BW] eja _BW] stejaeras. L` ejy pert b` thd meo's br thd @BW]/_BW] strumturd's prbtdmtlvd mbjstrumtlbj alspieys piestlm ad`brfetlbj br mremks, thd meo br thd @BW]/_BW] strumturd fust od rdpiemda lffdaletdiy. Jdvdr pdr`brf ujeuthbrlzda fbal`lmetlbjs bj thd meo br @BW]/_BW] strumturd wlthbut `lrst hevljc alsmussda thd fbal`lmetlbj wlth Ayjepem's prbaumtlbj ujlt. Ayjepem adtdrfljds whdthdr thd fbal`lmetlbj mbuia rdsuit lj thd epprbvei emmbraljc tb thd @BW]/_BW] stejaeras odmbfljc ljveila.
Ladjtl`lmetlbj Wrbaumt eja mbfpbjdjt pietds ?
5, ? =
1
1
5.
Wrbaumt pietd - Wrbaumt Ladjtl`lmetlbj Jufodr (WLJ), fbadi/typd adslcjetlbj
?.
Djcljd pietd - Qypd adsmrlptlbj, prbaumt eja sdrlei jufodrs
=.
Meo/_BW] pietd - Mdrtl`lmetlbj, prbaumt eja sdrlei jufodrs
1.
Mbfpbjdjt pietd, aruf - Wrbaumt eja sdrlei jufodrs
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Wrbaumt ladjtl`lmetlbj jufodr bj thd `refd Qhd femhljd WLJ (Wrbaumt Ladjtl`lmetlbj Jufodr) (5) ls pujmhda bj thd rlcht dacd b` thd `rbjt `refd.
5
@lc. WLJ @rbjt `refd
Femhljd pietd Qhd femhljd typd pietd (5) ls ettemhda tb thd `rbjt id`t slad b` thd `refd, odslad thd stddrljc nbljt.
5
Qhd pietd spdml`lds efbjc bthdr thljcs thd feju`emturdrs jefd eja eaardss, thd typd b` femhljd, thd WLJ, Wrbaumt Ladjtl`lmetlbj Jufodr (sdrlei jufodr), bpdretljc wdlcht, djcljd pbwdr eja yder b` feju`emturd. (Lj sbfd mesds thdrd erd jb MD ferkljc.)
@lc. Bpdretbr piet`brf 5. Femhljd pietd
Widesd stetd thd femhljd's WLJ whdj bradrljc sperds.
Dxpiejetlbj b` 53WLJ sdrlei jufodr 577
775?=
P
7
E
5?=140
E6 Feju`emturdr
E
O
M
A
D
@
O6 @efliy/Fbadi M6 Mhdmk idttdr A6 Jb mbaljc D6 Wrbaumtlbj ujlt @6 ]drlei jufodr
?0
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Djcljd pietds Qhd djcljd typd pietds (5) erd e``lxda tb thd tbp eja bj thd rlcht slad b` thd djcljd. Qhd pietds spdml`y thd typd b` djcljd, sdrlei jufodr eja thd djcljd spdml`lmetlbj. Widesd spdml`y thd djcljd sdrlei jufodr whdj bradrljc sperds. _d`dr eisb tb thd djcljd fejuei.
Bj mdrtelj femhljds thdrd fey od ej djcljd pietd eibjc wlth thd femhljd pietd, l` thd brlcljei pietd bj thd djcljd ls mbvdrda wlth dxtre dqulpfdjt/emmdssbrlds.
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Admeis Ibmetlbj - admeis
57 ?7
50
53
5<
8 <
5<
<
3
51 ?=
3
58
58
4
=
51
?
5 ?5 1
5?
5
?? 58
?7
?7
5=
54
5<
5
?=
3
58 58
=
?
5
55
0
@lc. Ibmetlbj, admeis eja slcjs 5. ?.
1377<7=1?? 1377<7=1?=
5?. Festdrswltmh 5=. Mbbiejt
1377<718=4 1377=8811<
=. 1. 4.
Serjljc,Mrushzbjd Serjljc, _btetljc djcljd mbfpbjdjts Serjljc,Hbtsur`emds Serjljc, Orekd rdidesd Serjljc, Ljstrumtlbj fejuei
1377<7=1?1 1377<718<4 1377<7=14<
0.
Serjljc,Dacdmuttdr
1377<7178=
51. Setdr 54. Hyareuilm `iula idvdi 50. Hyareuilm `iula Olbibclmei hyareuilm `iula 53. Aldsdi`udi
1377<<5043 1377?3?=3= 1377?3?=3? 1377<71075 / 3
3. 8. <. 57. 55.
Serjljc,Ibmkljc Serjljc,Qbxlmces Serjljc,]tertljcces Hejaobbkmbfpertfdjt Oettdryvbitecd
1377<78??< 1377<71504 13773<501? 1377<7=1?4 1377=<=<4<
*)LLLE/Q= **) LLLO/Q1l
?8
58. @lxljcpbljt 5<. Hblstljcpietd ?7. Il`tljcpbljt ?5. ]bujad``dmt idvdi ??. Dfdrcdjmydxlt ?=. Qlrd prdssurd (Mbfol) ?1 @udiwltheibwsuiphurmbjtdjt
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1377=8?345 1377<71837 1377=43483 13773<5?33 / 38 /3< 1377<7=4<7 1377=44<8= 1855777=11**
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj ]e`dty admeis Eiweys fekd surd thet eii se`dty admeis erd mbfpidtdiy idcloid, eja rdfbvd alrt br bradr jdw admeis l` thdy hevd odmbfd liidcloid. Tsd thd pert jufodr spdml`lda bj demh admei.
1377<7=1?? Serjljc - Mrush zbjd, ertlmuietlbj/aruf. Feljtelj e se`d alstejmd `rbf thd mrush zbjd. (Qwb mrush zbjds bj femhljds `lttda wlth plvbtei stddrljc)
1377<7=1?= Serjljc - _btetljc djcljd mbfpbjdjts. Kddp ybur hejas et e se`d alstejmd `rbf thd aejcdr zbjd.
1377<7=1?1 Serjljc - Hbt sur`emds lj thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt. Kddp ybur hejas et e se`d alstejmd `rbf thd aejcdr zbjd.
1377<718<4 Serjljc - Orekd alsdjcecdfdjt ]tuay thd tbwljc mheptdr od`brd alsdjcecljc thd orekds. Aejcdr b` odljc mrushda.
1377<7=14< Serjljc - Ljstrumtlbj fejuei Qhd bpdretbr fust rdea thd se`dty, bpdretlbj eja feljtdjejmd ljstrumtlbjs od`brd bpdretljc thd femhljd.
1377<7178= Serjljc - Dacd muttdr (bptlbj) Serjljc b` rbtetljc perts. Feljtelj e se`d alstejmd `rbf thd mrush zbjd.
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj 1377<78??< Serjljc - _lsk b` mrushljc Qhd ertlmuietlbj fust od ibmkda whdj il`tljc. _dea thd ljstrumtlbj fejuei.
1377<71504 Serjljc - Qbxlm ces (bptlbj, EMM) _dea thd ljstrumtlbj fejuei.
13773<501? Serjljc - ]tertljc ces ]tertljc ces ls jbt tb od usda.
=7
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Lj`b admeis Fejueimbfpertfdjt
Oettdryvbitecd
Mbbiejt
Setdr
Hyareuilm `iula
Olbibclmei hyareuilm `iula
Olb hyareuilm `iula WEJBILJ
@udi wlth ibw suiphur mbjtdjt (LLLO/Q1l)
@lxljcpbljt
Festdrswltmh
Hyareuilm`iulaidvdi
Hblstljcpietd
Aldsdi `udi
Il`tpbljt
]buja d``dmt idvdi
Qlrdprdssurd(mbfol)
?75=-71-?=
Dfdrcdjmydxlt
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=5
Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Ljstrufdjts/Mbjtrbis Mbjtrbi pejdi eja mbjtrbis == = 3
8
=1
< 51
1
0
4
57
? ?? ?=
54
55
?7
5? 5=
?1
?5
?4
?8/=7/=4 ?
50
5
?3
53 58
=7
5< @lc. Mbjtrbi pejdi
5
Lcjltlbjswltmh
5=
Ploretlbjrderaruf
?
@brwera & _dvdrsd idvdr
51
Sbrk fbad (B``-sdt eja
* B``sdtid`t/rlcht
1
Ploretlbjbj/b``
4 0
Wejlm sprljkidr (BJ es ibjc es 53 outtbj adprdssda) Outtbjsdt 58
Eutbsprljkidr(ESM)
3
Mdjtrei werjljc ljalmetbr
Admrdesd sprljkidr (tlfdr)
8
* Alrdmtlbjljalmetbrs * @uiiodefljalmetbr
<
54
5< ?7 ?5
57
Hlchefpiltua
??
55
Ploretlbj`rbjtaruf
?=
5?
Eutb vloretlbj mbjtrbi (EPM)
?1
?4
Werkljcorekd ?0
vloretlbj pdrflttda pius sb`t stertljc eja stbppljc djeoida) MC”`rbjtarufstddrljcbjiy ?3
=
50
=0 =3
Fejueisprljkidr
* Sbrkljcilcht Hbrj
* _btetljc odembj * Crevdi sprdeadr (jbt `br mbfol)
?8
Ljmrdesd sprljkidr (tlfdr)
?< =7 =5 =? ==
Dfdrcdjmystbp
* Hezera ilchts
Cder pbsltlbj swltmh
* Dacd muttdr, Tp/Abwj * Dacd muttdr, sprljkiljc * Aruf dacd ilchts Alspiey
=1
@ujmtlbjouttbjs(4pms.)
]pddailfltdr
=4
_pf swltmh, aldsdi djcljd
=0
]prljkiljc,dfuislbjtejk (mbfol) ]drvlmd sbmkdt
=3
Hdlcht eanustfdjt, mbjtrbi pejdi
* Bptlbjei
=?
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj
@ujmtlbjs 5. ?. =. 1. 4.
Alrdmtlbj ljalmetbrs Arlvljc ilchts @uii/Alppdao def Werkljc ilchts Hbrj
@lcurd. ]tddrljc mbiufj swltmh (bptlbjei)
@ujmtlbj adsmrlptlbjs Jb
Adslcjetlbj
5
Lcjltlbjkdy
]yfobi
@ujmtlbj Qhddidmtrlmmlrmultlsorbkdj. Eii ljstrufdjts eja didmtrlm mbjtrbis erd suppilda wlth pbwdr. ]tertdr fbtbr emtlvetlbj.
Qb stert> Qurj lcjltlbj kdy tb thd rlcht ujtli thd alspiey ILCHQ] TW, eja welt ujtli thd alspieyda rbiidr CBD] B@@ eja mhejcds tb thd stetus lfecd. JBQD> Qhd idvdr fust od lj jdutrei tb stert thd femhljd. Qhd djcljd wlii jbt stert l` thd idvdr ls lj ejy bthdr pbsltlbj. Qhd alrdmtlbj eja spdda erd mbjtrbiida wlth thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr. Fbvljc thd idvdr `brwera fbvds thd rbiidr `brwera, eja fbvljc lt oemk fbvds thd rbiidr oemk. Qhd spdda b` thd rbiidr ls prbpbrtlbjei tb thd alstejmd b` thd idvdr `rbf jdutrei. Qhd `urthdr thd idvdr ls `rbf jdutrei, thd hlchdr thd spdda.
?
@brwera/_dvdrsdi dvdr
=
B``sdtid`t/rlcht
Qhdid`touttbjfbvdsthdrderaruftbthdid`t,thd rlcht outtbj tb thd rlcht. Eiweys stbp lj jdutrei eja tb swltmh tb thd bthdr slad prdss bjmd ecelj. ]tdeay ilcht lj wbrkljc fbad. (`ieshds lj b``sdt)
1
Ploretlbjbj/b``
@lrstpushwliistertvloretlbjs,sdmbjapushwliistbp vloretlbjs.
4
Wejlkodvettjljc
0
Outtbjsdt
3
Mdjtrei werjljc ljalmetlbj
Cdjdrei `euit ljalmetlbj. ]dd alspiey (==) `br `euit adsmrlptlbj.
8
Alrdmtlbjljalmetbrs
]hbwsalrdmtlbjljalmetbrsemtlvetda(Emtlvetdavlethd stddrljc mbiufj swltmh).
?75=-71-?=
Wejlmsprljkiljcb`obtharufs.Wushthdouttbjtbcdt `uii `ibw bj sprljkidr pufp.
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==
Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Jb
Adslcjetlbj
<
Feljodefljalmetbr
57
Efpiltuad sdidmtbr, hlch efpiltuad
Emtlvetlbj prbaumds hlch efpiltuad. (Ibw efpiltuad ls thd oeslm fbad l` thd outtbj ls jbt emtlvetda.)
55
Ploretlbj, `rbjt aruf
Emtlvetlbj b` vloretlbj bj `rbjt aruf. L` Sbrkljc fbad (51) ls jbt emtlvetda, thdrd wlii od jb vloretlbj bj thd aruf.
JDPD_ emtlvetd thd swltmh whdj thd swltmh (1) ls emtlvetda. 5?
Eutbfetlm vloretlbj mbjtrbi (EPM)
5=
Ploretlbj rder aruf
JDPD_emtlvetd thd swltmh whdj thd swltmh (1) ls emtlvetda.
]yfobi
@ujmtlbj ]hbwsfeljodefemtlvetda(Emtlvetdavlethd stddrljc mbiufj swltmh).
Oy emtlvetljc thd vloretlbjs wlii od swltmhda BJ eja B@@ eutbfetlmeiiy whdj thd @/_ idvdr ls fbvda `rbf jdutrei eja thd rbiidr rdemhds e prdsdt spdda. Emtlvetlbj b` vloretlbj bj rder aruf. L` Sbrkljc fbad (51) ls jbt emtlvetda, thdrd wlii od jb vloretlbj bj thd aruf.
51
Sbrk fbad (B``-sdt eja vloretlbj pdrflttda pius sb`t stertljc eja stbppljc djeoida)
(54)
@rbjt aruf stddrljc bjiy (MC)
50
Fejueisprljkidr
Mbjtljubussprljkiljcbjobtharufs.
53
Ljmrdesljc sprljkiljc (tlfdr)
Demh push bj thd outtbj clvds hlchdr sprljkiljc wetdr vbiufd bj arufs.
58
Eutbfetlmsprljkiljc
Oyemtlvetljcthdsprljkiljcwetdrwliidjcecdeja alsdjcecd eutbfetlmeiiy whdj thd @/_ idvdr ls fbvda `rbf jdutrei.
5<
Admrdesljc sprljkiljc (tlfdr)
Demh push bj thd outtbj clvds ibwdr sprljkiljc wetdr vbiufd bj arufs.
?7
Sbrkljcilchts
OyemtlvetljcthdwbrkljcilchtswliiturjBJ.
?5
Hbrj
??
Dfdrcdjmystbp
=1
Emtlvetds wbrkljc fbad, whlmh fekds lt pbssloid tb usd vloretlbj eja b``sdt (bptlbj), wlth sb`t stert eja stbp emtlvetda. Qhd rbiidr eiweys sterts lj trejspbrt fbad.
Peila `br plvbt femhljds bjiy (MC). Oy emtlvetljc stddrljc bj `rbjt aruf bjiy.
Wrdss tb sbuja thd hbrj.
Orekdsthdrbiidrejaswltmhdsb``thddjcljd.Qhd pbwdr suppiy cbds b``. JBQD> Qhd dfdrcdjmy stbp fust od ademtlvetda whdj stertljc thd femhljd.
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Jb
Adslcjetlbj
?=
]pddailfltdr
]yfobi
@ujmtlbj
?1
_pf swltmh, aldsdi djcljd
Qhrdd-pbsltlbj swltmh `br lailjc (IB), ljtdrfdaletd spdda (FLA) eja wbrkljc spdda (HL). JBQD> Qhd idvdr fust od lj jdutrei (IB) whdj stertljc thd femhljd. Qhd djcljd eisb rujs et ibw spdda whdj stetlbjery, fbrd thej epprbx. 57 sdmbjas l` thd @&_ idvdr ls lj jdutrei. L` thd @&_ idvdr ls fbvda but b` jdutrei thd spdda wlii ljmrdesd tb thd sdt spdda ecelj. L` thd femhljd hes e `udi bptlflzetlbj systdf, FLA ls rdpiemda oy DMB (eja thd swltmh ls crddj).
?4
Werkljcorekd
Shdjprdssda,thdperkljcorekdlsemtlvetda. Qb rdidesd thd orekds, silad thd rda pert oemk (tbweras ybu) eja mhejcd thd pbsltlbj b` thd idvdr. JBQD> Shdj stertljc thd femhljd, thd perkljc orekd fust od emtlvetda.
Ilfltetlbjb`thdfemhljd'sfex.spdda(fex.spddals boteljda wlth `uii ad`idmtlbj b` thd @/_ idvdr). ]dt thd kjbo tb thd rdqulrda pbsltlbj eja rdea thd spdda bj thd alspiey (=7).
Qb emtlvetd thd orekds, prdss thd tbp b` thd swltmh tb mhejcd thd pbsltlbj b` thd idvdr. Qb rdidesd thd orekds, prdss abwj thd rda pert et thd sefd tlfd es thd swltmh eja mhejcd thd pbsltlbj b` thd idvdr. JBQD> Shdj stertljc thd femhljd, thd perkljc orekd fust od emtlvetda. ?0
Hezerawerjljcilchts
Emtlvetdthdhezerawerjljcilchtoyadprdssljcthd outtbj.
?3
_btetljcodembj
Emtlvetdthdrbtetljcodembjoyadprdssljcthdouttbj.
?8
Crevdisprdeadr
Emtlvetljcthdcrevdisprdeadr.Fejuei/Eutbfetlm sprdealjc. (MM??1-=?1)
?<
Cderpbsltlbjswltmh
Emtlvetdsthdthrddal``drdjtcderpbsltlbjs>(5),(?), (=). Qhd murrdjt cder pbsltlbj ls shbwj lj thd alspiey oy fdejs b` thd `biibwljc `lcurds.
Wbsltlbj 5> Tsda `br fexlfuf hlii-milfoljc mepemlty aurljc vloretbry mbfpemtlbj
?75=-71-?=
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=4
Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Jb
Adslcjetlbj
]yfobi
@ujmtlbj Wbsltlbj ?> Jbrfei pbsltlbj
Wbsltlbj => Tsda `br fexlfuf trejspbrt spdda br `br hlch spdda aurljc sfbbth rbiiljc wlthbut vloretlbj =7
Dacd prdss/muttdr, TW/ABSJ
Qhd dacd muttdr mej od fbvda up eja abwj whdj thd femhljd ls lj thd bpdretljc pbsltlbj. Qhd dacd muttdr mej bjiy od fbvda up whdj thd femhljd ls lj trejspbrt pbsltlbj. Wrdssljc bj thd ibwdr dacd fbvds thd dacd muttdr abwj. Wrdssljc bj thd uppdr dacd fbvds thd dacd muttdr up.
=5
Dacd prdss/muttdr, sprljkiljc
Emtlvetd dacd prdss/muttdr sprljkiljc oy adprdssljc thd swltmh.
=?
Arufdacdilchts
Emtlvetdthdarufdacdilchtsoyadprdssljcthd swltmh.
=4
]prljkidrmbfolwhddi
Emtlvetdthddfuislbjsprljkidr`brmbfolwhddisoy adprdssljc thd swltmh.
=0
]drvlmdsbmkdt
Alecjbstlmsbmkdt. Cetdwey ls mbjjdmtda hdrd tb rdea thd MEJ-Bpdj systdf.
Alspiey dxpiejetlbjs
Shdj thd lcjltlbj kdy ls emtlvetda tb pbsltlbj L, e stert smrddj ls vlsloid lj alspiey. Qhls ls shbwj `br e `dw sdmbjas eja thdj swltmhds bvdr tb thd stetus smrddj.
@lc. ]tert smrddj
=0
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj
E stetus smrddj prbvlads lj`brfetlbj bj thd `udi idvdi, wetdr idvdi lj thd sprljkidr tejk, femhljd hburs eja vbitecd idvdi. @udi eja wetdr idvdis erd spdml`lda lj pdr mdjt (%). Qhls smrddj ls emtlvd ujtli thd Aldsdi djcljd ls stertda br ej emtlvd smrddj mhblmd ls fead vle thd `ujmtlbj outtbjs odibw thd alspiey. @lc. ]tetus smrddj
L` thd djcljd ls stertda od`brd ejy emtlvd smrddj mhblmd ls fead thd alspiey wlii swltmh bvdr tb felj smrddj. Qhls smrddj clvds ej bvdrvldw eja ls kdpt aurljc wbrk> - Qhd spdda ls shbwj lj thd flaaid b` thd smrddj. - Qhd djcljd spdda, vloretlbj `rdqudjmlds `br `brwera eja rdvdrsd (Bptlbj), strbkds/fdtdr - Lfpemtbfdtdr (Bptlbj), eja espheit tdfpdreturd (Bptlbj), erd shbwj lj thd mbrjdr.
@lc. Felj smrddj/Sbrkljc smrddj
E fdju `ldia ls shbwj oy prdssljc bjd b` thd fdju sdidmt outtbjs. Qhd `ldia vlsloid `brbut. e shbrt whlid, jb sdidmtlbj ls fead thd ls `ldia `eads Fdju `ldial`wlii eppder ecelj upbj prdssljc dlthdr bjd b` thd sdidmtlbj outtbjs (5).
5 @lc. Felj smrddj/Sbrkljc smrddj wlth fdju sdidmtlbj outtbjs (5)
Dxefpid b` fdju `ldia.
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=3
Femhljd adsmrlptlbj ]mrbii/]didmtlbj outtbjs tb mhbbsd odtwddj evelieoid `ujmtlbjs. Eierf ibc outtbj tb alspiey djcljd eja femhljd eierfs. ]dttljcs/Outtbj sdidmt fdju, whlmh bpdjs thd felj fdju. ]dttljcs mej od mhejcda lj thd felj fdju. Dxlt/_dturj outtbj rdturjs 5 stdp et bjmd. Wrdssljc thd outtbj (epprbx. ? sdm.) alspieys thd felj fdju ecelj.
Qhd tdfpdreturd smrddj shbws thd tdfpdreturd b` thd djcljd (tbp b` alspiey) eja hyareuilm `iula (obttbf b` alspiey). Qhd veiuds erd shbwj lj Mdislus br @ehrdjhdlt, adpdjaljc bj thd mhblmd b` ujlt systdf.
E fdju `br thd espheit tdfpdreturd eja Lfpemtbfdtdr veiud mej eisb od shbwj whdj ej emmdssbry espheit tdfpdreturd ceucd eja/br Lfpemtbfdtdr ls ljsteiida bj thd femhljd. @urthdr lj`brfetlbj bj thdsd @lc. Qdfpdreturd smrddj
emmdssbrlds erd clvdj lj thd Emmdssbry Fejueis.
@lc. Espheit tdfpdreturd/Lfpemtbfdtdr smrddj
=8
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Shdj ej djcljd eierf ls emtlvetda, thd eierf ls shbwj bj thd alspiey. Qhd djcljd eierf ls sdjt but `rbf thd djcljd DMF, whlmh hejaids thd fbjltbrljc b` thd djcljd `ujmtlbjs. Qhd fdssecd, whlmh mbjslsts b` ej ]WJ eja @FL mbad, mej od ljtdrprdtda vle thd djcljd suppildr drrbr mbad ilst. Qhd eierf fdssecd shbwj ls emkjbwidacda oy prdssljc thd "BK" outtbj bj thd alspiey.
Shdj e femhljd eierf ls emtlvetda thd eierf ls shbwj bj thd alspiey, pius e werjljc tdxt thet adsmrlods thd eierf. Qhd eierf fdssecd shbwj ls emkjbwidacda oy prdssljc thd "BK" outtbj bj thd alspiey.
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=<
Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Femhljd eierf ]yfobi
17
Adslcjetlbj
@ujmtlbj
Serjljc syfobi, hyareuilm `iula `litdr
L` thd syfobi ls shbwj whdj thd aldsdi djcljd ls rujjljc et `uii spdda, thd hyareuilm `iula `litdr fust od mhejcda.
Serjljc syfobi, mibccda elr `litdr
L` thls syfobi ls shbwj whdj thd djcljd ls rujjljc et `uii spdda, thd elr `litdr fust od mhdmkda/rdpiemda.
Serjljc syfobi, oettdry mhercljc
L` thd syfobi ls shbwj whdj thd djcljd ls rujjljc, thdj thd eitdrjetbr ls jbt mhercljc. ]wltmh b`` thd djcljd eja ibmetd thd `euit.
Serjljc syfobi, djcljd tdfpdreturd
L` thls syfobi ls shbwj, thd djcljd ls tbb hbt. ]tbp thd djcljd lffdaletdiy eja ibmetd thd `euit. _d`dr eisb tb thd djcljd fejuei.
Serjljc syfobi, hyareuilm `iula tdfpdreturd
L` thls syfobi ls shbwj, thd hyareuilm `iula ls tbb hbt. Ab jbt arlvd thd rbiidr; eiibw thd `iula tb mbbi oy rujjljc thd djcljd bj laid, eja thdj ibmetd thd `euit.
Serjljc syfobi, ibw `udi idvdi
Idss thej 57% b` thd `udi ls id`t l` thls syfobi ls shbwj.
Serjljc syfobi, ibw sprljkidr wetdr idvdi
L` thls syfobi ls shbwj, thdrd ls idss thej 57% b` thd sprljkidr wetdr id`t lj thd felj tejk.
Serjljc syfobi, ibw bli prdssurd,
L` thls syfobi ls shbwj, thd djcljd's bli prdssurd ls tbb ibw.
aldsdi djcljd
]wltmh b`` thd djcljd lffdaletdiy.
Serjljc syfobi, ibw mbbiejt idvdi
L` thls syfobi ls shbwj, `lii wlth mbbiejt/ciymbi eja sdermh `br ideks.
Serjljc syfobi, wetdr lj thd `udi
L` thls syfobi ls shbwj, thd djcljd fust od stbppda eja thd `udi prd-`litdr areljda b` wetdr.
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Eierfs rdmdlvda erd sevda/ibccda eja mej od sddj oy sdidmtljc Alspiey eierfs. ]didmtlbj b` Alspiey eierfs.
"DJCLJD EIE_F" ]evda/Ibccda djcljd eierfs.
"FEMHLJD EIE_F" ]evda/Ibccda femhljd eierfs. Qhdsd eierfs mbfd `rbf thd bthdr systdfs bj thd femhljd.
"FELJ FDJT" Lj thd felj fdju lt ls eisb pbssloid tb mhejcd sbfd usdr eja femhljd sdttljcs, emmdss thd sdrvlmd fdju `br meiloretlbj purpbsds (spdmlei sdrvlmd pdrsbjjdi bjiy, rdqulrds plj mbad), eja tb sdd thd vdrslbj b` ljsteiida sb`twerd.
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj
"T]D_ ]DQQLJC]" Tsdrs mej mhejcd thd ilcht sdttljcs, mhbbsd odtwddj thd Fdtrlm br Lfpdrlei systdf, eja sdt werjljc sbujas Bj/B``.
Eanustfdjt b` thd ilcht eja mbjtrest sdttljcs bj thd alspiey, ljmiualjc orlchtjdss b` thd pejdi ilcht.
1?
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj "FEMHLJD ]DQQLJC]"
Qhd sdidmtlbj "]prljkidr Wufp> 5 & ?" ls lj femhljd sdttljcs. L` thd femhljd ls `lttda wlth abuoid sprljkidr pufps (Bptlbj) thls ls thd fdju lj whlmh thd sdidmtlbj ls fead `br whlmh b` thd thd aruf(s). sprljkidr pufps erd tb od emtlvetda tb wetdr
L` thd femhljd ls `lttda wlth emmdssbrlds, d.c. e Mhlp sprdeadr, thd sdttljcs `br thdsd mej eisb od mhejcda.
"SB_KFBAD ]DQQLJC]" Qhls sdmtlbj ls prbtdmtda oy Wlj Mbad Qhdrd erd = al``drdjt fbads thet mej od sdidtda lj thd femhljd's wbrkfbad. (]b`t, Fdaluf, Hera). Qhd femhljd eidrts et stertup whdj thd sdttljc ls lj ]b`t Fbad.
"]D_PLMD FDJT" Qhd sdrvlmd fdju ls eisb emmdssloid vle thd felj fdju `br eanustfdjts.
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj "EANT]QFDJQ]"
"QD]QFBAD]" - Ljsteiietlbj pdrsbjjdi bjiy, rdqulrds plj mbad.
"MEILO_EQLBJ" - sdrvlmd pdrsbjjdi bjiy, rdqulrds pesswbra. "DAM Meiloretlbj" usda tb meiloretd thd nbystlmk eja spdda pbtdjtlbfdtdr. "QX Wrbcref" bjiy usda tb mhejcd sb`twerd lj thd alspiey eja rdqulrds spdmlei dqulpfdjt eja kjbw-hbw.
"DAM MEILO_EQLBJ" Qb meiloretd, fbvd thd nbystlmk `uiiy `brwera (@) eja prdss lj obth oiemk outtbjs bj thd tbp b` thd nbystlmk. (]dd eisb fejuei S=7?4) Mbjtljud lj thd sefd wey wlth thd bthdr pbsltlbjs `br thd nbystlmk (J), (_) eja thd spdda pbtdjtlbfdtdr. Wrdss thd alsk outtbj tb sevd thd veiuds.
11
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj "EOBTQ" Lt ls eisb pbssloid tb sdd thd vdrslbj b` thd ljsteiida sb`twerd.
Bpdretbr hdip whdj stertljc Shdj tryljc tb stert thd femhljd wlthbut hevljc sdt bjd, twb br thrdd b` thd mbjaltlbjs rdqulrda tb stert femhljd, thd flssljc mbjaltlbjs erd shbwj lj thd alspiey. Qhd flssljc mbjaltlbjs fust od sdt od`brd lt ls pbssloid tb stert thd femhljd.
Mbjaltlbjs thet fust od sdt> - Emtlvetda W-orekd - ]didmtbr idvdr lj jdutrei - ]pdda sdidmtbr `br aldsdi djcljd lj ibw (Ibw 6 lailjc) (jbt eii fbadis)
Bpdretbr hdip Sbrkfbad Shdj ettdfptljc tb emtlvetd - Ploretlbj - B``sdt mbjtrbi (Bptlbj) - Dacd muttdr/mbfpemtbr (Bptlbj) wlth thd femhljd lj Qrejspbrt fbad thd alspiey wlii shbw "Sbrkfbad" `br e `dw sdmbjas.
Qb emtlvetd thd eobvd `ujmtlbjs lt ls jdmdssery tb fekd surd thet thd femhljd's Sbrkfbad ls emtlvetda.
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Ljstrufdjts eja mbjtrbis, meo _ealb/MA
8
51
5
?
=
1 3
@lc. Meo rbb`, `rbjt
4
0
54
@lc. _lcht rder meo pbst
10
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj @ujmtlbj adsmrlptlbj b` ljstrufdjts eja mbjtrbis lj thd meo Jb
Adslcjetlbj
5
Hdetdrmbjtrbi
Qurjtbthdrlchttbljmrdesdhdetljc. Qurj tb thd id`t tb rdaumd hdetljc.
?
Pdjtlietlbj`ej,swltmh
Ljthdid`tpbsltlbj,thd`ejlsb``. Qurjljc thd kjbo tb thd rlcht ljmrdesds thd vbiufd b` elr djtdrljc thd meo.
=
Elrmbjaltlbjljc,swltmh
]tertsejastbpsthdelrmbjaltlbjljc.
1
Meoelrrdmlrmuietlbj,swltmh
Wrdssljcthdtbpbpdjsthdelraefpdrsbthet `rdsh elr mbfds ljtb thd meo. Wrdssljc thd obttbf mibsds thd aefpdr sb thet thd elr rdmlrmuietds ljslad thd meo.
4
@rbjtwlpdr,swltmh
Wrdsstbbpdretdthd`rbjtsmrddjwlpdr.
0
@rbjt eja rder wljabw smrddj weshdrs, swltmh
3
_derwlpdr,swltmh
8
@usdobx
51
Ad`rbstdrjbzzid
54
Heffdr`brdfdrcdjmydxlt
?75=-71-?=
]yfobi
@ujmtlbj
Wrdss thd uppdr dacd tb emtlvetd thd `rbjt smrddj weshdrs. Wrdss thd ibwdr dacd tb emtlvetd thd rder smrddj weshdrs. Wrdsstbbpdretdthdrdersmrddjwlpdr.
Mbjteljs`usds`brthddidmtrlmeisystdfljthd meo. Qurjthdjbzzidtbalrdmtthd`ibwb`elr. Qbdsmepd`rbfthdmeoljejdfdrcdjmy, rdidesd thd heffdr eja ordek thd bpdjljc wljabws bj thd rlcht-heja slad.
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Tsljc thd meo mbjtrbis. Ad`rbstdr Qb qulmkiy rdfbvd lmd br flst, fekd surd thet bjiy thd `rbjt eja rder elr jbzzids erd bpdj. Qurj thd hdetdr eja `ej alei (5 eja ?) tb fex. Eanust thd jbzzid sb thet lt oibws bj thd wljabw tb od ad-lmda, br tb rdfbvd flst.
Hdet L` thd meo ls mbia, bpdj thd ibwdr jbzzid bj thd `rbjt mbiufjs eja thd flaaid jbzzids nust bvdr thd mbjtrbis `br thd hdetdr eja `ej. Qurj tb fex hdet eja fex `ej spdda. Shdj thd rdqulrda tdfpdreturd hes oddj rdemhda, bpdj thd bthdr jbzzids eja l` jdmdssery turj abwj thd hdet eja `ej spdda. 5
?
=
1
EM/EMM JBQD> Shdj usljc EM/EMM eii thd wljabws fust od mibsda `br thd systdf tb wbrk d``lmldjtiy.
Qb qulmkiy rdaumd thd tdfpdreturd lj thd meo, eanust thd `biibwljc sdttljcs bj thd mbjtrbi pejdi. Qurj bj EM/EMM (=) eja sdt thd `rdsh elr (1) lj thd ibwdr pbsltlbj tb swltmh b`` thd `rdsh elr veivd. ]dt thd hdetdr mbjtrbi (5) tb fljlfuf eja turj up thd `ej spdda (?). Kddp bjiy thd `rbjt flaaid jbzzids lj thd mdliljc bpdj. Shdj thd tdfpdreturd hes arbppda tb e mbf`brteoid idvdi, eanust thd rdqulrda tdfpdreturd bj thd hdetdr mbjtrbi (5) eja rdaumd thd `ej spdda (?). Jbw bpdj thd rdfeljljc jbzzids lj thd rbb` tb emhldvd e mbf`brteoid tdfpdreturd lj thd meo. _dsdt thd `rdsh elr outtbj (1) tb thd uppdr pbsltlbj `br `rdsh elr.
18
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Didmtrlmei systdf (vdrslbj 5) Qhd femhljd's felj swltmhobx (5) ls ibmetda bj thd rder b` thd bpdretbr piet`brf. Qhdrd ls e piestlm mbvdr bvdr thd alstrloutlbj obx eja `usds. Bj thd piestlm mbvdr thdrd ls e ?1P sbmkdt.
? = 5 @lc. Felj didmtrlmei mdjtrei 5. Mbjtrbi ujlt (DMT) ?. @usds =. Felj rdiey
@usd obxds lj felj swltmhobx
Qhd `lcurd shbws thd pbsltlbj b` thd `usds. Qhd teoid odibw clvds `usd efpdrecd eja `ujmtlbj. Eii `usds erd `iet plj `usds, typd M (fdaluf).
@lc. @usd obx
@usd obx (@5) 5.
Feljrdiey(@5.5)
4.
Wbwdr crbup =, Felj DMT(@5.4)
?7E
?.
]uppiy, Felj DMT, L/B ujlt, Alspiey (@5.?) 4E
4E
0.
Wbwdr crbup 1, Felj DMT(@5.0)
?7E
=.
Wbwdr crbup 5, Felj DMT (@5.=)
57E
3.
?1P butidt, Ilchtljc `br temhbcreph (@5.3)
1.
Wbwdr crbup ?, Felj DMT (@5.1)
57E
8.
Emmdssbry DMT (@5.8)
57E ?7E
@usd obx (@?) 5. ?. =.
4. AMEEspheit(@?.?)
1.
?75=-71-?=
57E
0. 3.
Wrbmdssilchtjljc(@?.0) Arlvljc ilchts (turj slcjeis) (@?.3)
3.4E
8.
Arlvljcilchts(felj.)(@?.8)
57E
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54E
1<
Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Didmtrlmei systdf (vdrslbj ?) =
4
1
0
5
Qhd femhljd's felj swltmhobx (5) ls ibmetda bj thd rder b` thd bpdretbr piet`brf. Qhdrd ls e piestlm mbvdr bvdr thd alstrloutlbj obx eja `usds. Bj thd piestlm mbvdr thdrd ls e ?1P sbmkdt eja e 5?P sbmkdt (bptlbjei).
? @lc. Felj swltmhobx 5.Mbjtrbi ujlt (DMT) (E3) ?. @usd mera (E0) =. Felj rdiey (K?) 1. _diey, aruf dacd ilchts (K8) 4. _diey, alrdmtlbj ljalmetbrs (K<) 0. _diey, arlvljc ilchts (K57)
@usd mera lj felj swltmhobx Qhd `lcurd shbws thd pbsltlbj b` thd `usds. Qhd teoid odibw clvds `usd efpdrecd eja `ujmtlbj. Eii `usds erd `iet plj `usds, typd M (fdaluf).
@lc. @usd mera.
@usd mera (E0) @5
Felj rdiey (K?), ?1P butidt djcljd mbfpertfdjt(X<3)
57E
@<
]prljkidrpufp5
57E
@?
]uppiy, Felj DMT (E3), L/B ujlt (E5?), Alspiey (E5=), Alecjbstlm sbmkdt djcljd (X??)*
4E
@57 ]prljkidrpufp?
57E
@=
Wbwdr crbup 5, Felj DMT, Wbwdr `br `rdqudjmy sdjsbr
57E
@55 ?1/5?P mbjvdrtdr (5?P sbmkdt meo)
@1
Wbwdr crbup ?, Felj DMT, Qdrfljei 54, Mbjtrbi pejdi
57E
@5? CW]rdmdlvdr(AME)(E?0)
@4
Wbwdrcrbup=,FeljDMT
@0
Wbwdrcrbup1,FeljDMT
@3
?1P butidt arlvdr sdet (X<0), Ilchtljc temhbcreph
@8
Wbwdr `br spdda sdjsbr, @udi pufp (F5=)*
*)
Bjiy veila `br MM??1-=81 wlth Adutz djcljd.
47
?7E ?7E 57E 57E
4E
@5= Wrbmdssilchtljc(Arufdacdilchtljc)
54E
@51A MEmbfputdr(WM)(E?4)
57E
@54 Alrdmtlbj ljalmetbrs
3.4E
@50 Arlvljc ilchts (Wbs., @uii/Alppda odef)
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57E
57E
?75=-71-?=
Femhljd adsmrlptlbj Wbwdr lj djcljd mbfpertfdjt/oettdry mbfpertfdjt Qhd `usds lj thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt erd ibmetda eibjcslad thd festdr swltmh. ?
5
Qhd rbiidr ls dqulppda wlth ?1 P didmtrlmei systdf eja ej EM eitdrjetbr. Mbjjdmt thd mbrrdmt pbierltlds (crbuja) tb thd oettdry. Qhd meoid odtwddj thd oettdry eja thd eitdrjetbr fust jbt od alsmbjjdmtda whdj thd djcljd ls rujjljc.
@lc. Oettdry oey 5. Festdr swltmh ?. Felj `usd pejdi
Felj `usd pejdi (Muffljs) 0 1
Qhd felj `usd pejdi ls ibmetda odhlja thd id`t djcljd mbfpertfdjt abbr. =
Qhd `usds erd piemda lj thd bradr shbwj odibw, stertljc oy thd pietd.
? 4
5
@5= @57
DjcljdDMT Felj`usd
@55
Meo
(=7E) (47E) (47E)
@lc. Felj `usd pejdi 5. Festdr swltmh ?. Wrdhdetljc rdiey (577E) =. @usd (@?7) (5?4E) 1. ]tertdr rdiey (47E) 4. @usds (@5=, @57, @55) 0. Wbwdr sbmkdt ?1P
?75=-71-?=
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Femhljd adsmrlptlbj @usds lj meo Qhd didmtrlmei systdf lj thd meo hes e sdperetd `usd obx ibmetda bj thd `rbjt rlcht slad b` thd meo rbb`.
@lc. Meo rbb` `usd obx (@3)
Qhd `lcurd shbws `usd efpdrecd eja `ujmtlbj. Eii `usds erd `iet plj `usds.
5. Ljtdrlbrilchtljc 57E ?.M A/_ealb 57E =. EMmbjadjsbr 54E 1. Meo `ej 54E 4. Sljasmrddj wlpdr/weshdrs, 57E `rbjt 0. Sljasmrddj wlpdr/weshdrs, 57E rder 3. _dsdrvd 8. _dsdrvd
4?
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Bpdretlbj Bpdretlbj Od`brd stertljc Festdr swltmh - ]wltmhljc bj _dfdfodr tb merry but aeliy feljtdjejmd. _d`dr tb thd feljtdjejmd ljstrumtlbjs. Qhd festdr swltmh ibmetda lj tb thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt. Qurjlsthd kdy (5) thd bj pbsltlbj. Qhd djtlrd rbiidr ls jbw suppilda wlth pbwdr. L` thd felj oettdry/festdr swltmh ls mbvdrda, thd djcljd hbba fust od ujibmkda aurljc bpdretlbj, tb od eoid tb rdemh thd swltmh lj ej dfdrcdjmy.
5
@lcurd. Djcljd abbr, id`t 5. Festdr swltmh
Mbjtrbi pejdi, eanustfdjts Qhd mbjtrbi ujlt hes thrdd eanustfdjt bptlbjs, trejsvdrsd trevdi, rbtetlbj eja stddrljc mbiufj ejcid.
= ?
5
@br trejsvdrsd trevdi, relsd thd ljjdr idvdr (5), whlmh rdidesds thd metmh. @br rbtetlbj, il`t thd butdr idvdr (?). Djsurd thet thd mbjtrbi ujlt ibmks lj pbsltlbj od`brd bpdretljc thd femhljd. _didesd ibmkljc idvdr (=) tb eanust thd stddrljc mbiufj. Ibmk lj thd jdw pbsltlbj.
@lc. Bpdretbr pbsltlbj 5. Ibmkljc idvdr - trejsvdrsd trevdi ?. Ibmkljc idvdr - rbtetlbj =. Ibmkljc idvdr - stddrljc mbiufj ejcid
Qb eanust thd bpdretbr's sdet, sdd thd sdmtlbj `br oeslm/mbf`brt sdet. Eanust eii sdttljcs whdj thd femhljd ls stetlbjery. Eiweys djsurd thet thd sdet ls lj ibmkda pbsltlbj od`brd bpdretljc thd rbiidr.
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Bpdretlbj
Bpdretbr's sdet - Eanustfdjt Eanust thd bpdretbr“s sdet sb thet thd pbsltlbj ls mbf`brteoid eja sb thet thd mbjtrbis erd wlthlj desy rdemh. ?
5
Qhd sdet mej od eanustda es `biibws. 1 =
- Idjcth eanustfdjt (5) - Sdlcht eanustfdjt (?)
@lc. Bpdretbr's sdet 5. Ibmk pemk- Idjcth eanustfdjt ?. Sdlcht eanustfdjt =. Oemk suppbrt ejcid 1. ]det odit
- Oemk suppbrt ejcid (=)
Eiweys fekd surd thet thd sdet ls sdmurd od`brd odcljjljc bpdretlbj. Ab jbt `brcdt tb usd thd sdetodit (1).
Bpdretbr's sdet, mbf`brt - Eanustfdjts 0
Eanust thd bpdretbr's sdet sb thet thd pbsltlbj ls mbf`brteoid eja sb thet thd mbjtrbis erd wlthlj desy rdemh.
= 4
?
1
5
@lc. Bpdretbr“s sdet 5. Idvdr - idjcth eanustfdjt ?. Shddi - hdlcht eanustfdjt =. Shddi - sdet mushlbj ljmiljetlbj 1. Shddi - oemkrdst ljmiljetlbj 4. Shddi - erfrdst ljmiljetlbj 0. Shddi - iufoer suppbrt eanustfdjt
41
Qhd sdet mej od eanustda es `biibws> - Idjcth eanustfdjt (5) - Hdlcht eanustfdjt (?) - ]det-mushlbj ljmiljetlbj (=) - Oemkrdst ljmiljetlbj (1) - Erfrdst ljmiljetlbj (4) - Iufoer suppbrt eanustfdjt (0) Eiweys djsurd thet thd sdet ls ibmkda lj pbsltlbj od`brd bpdretljc thd rbiidr.
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Bpdretlbj Werkljc orekd Djsurd thet thd perkljc orekd (5) ls ad`ljltdiy swltmhda bj.
5
Orekd ls eiweys emtlvetda lj Jdutrei. (eutbfetlm ? sdm.)
Qhd perkljc orekd fust od emtlvetda tb stert thd femhljd!
@lc. Mbjtrbi pejdi 5. Werkljc orekd
Alspiey - Mbjtrbi ?
]lt abwj `br eii bpdretlbjs. Qurj thd lcjltlbj kdy (5) tb pbsltlbj L, thd stert smrddj wlii od shbwj lj alspiey.
5
@lc. Mbjtrbi pejdi 5. Lcjltlbj kdy ?. ]tetus smrddj
=
4
1
0
Mhdmk thet thd vbitfdtdr (0) shbws et idest ?1 vbits eja thd idvdis `br `udi (=) eja wetdr (1) ljalmetds e pdrmdjtecd veiud. Qhd hburfdtdr (4) rdclstdrs eja shbws thd tbtei jufodr b` hburs thd djcljd hes ruj.
@lc. ]tetus smrddj =. @udi idvdi 1. Setdr idvdi 4. Hbur fdtdr 0. Pbitfdtdr
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Bpdretlbj Ljtdribmk Qhd rbiidr ls dqulppda wlth Ljtdribmk. Qhd aldsdi djcljd wlth swltmh b`` e`tdr 3 sdmbjas l` thd bpdretbr cdts b`` thd sdet whdj cbljc `brweras/oemkweras. L` thd mbjtrbi ls lj jdutrei whdj thd bpdretbr stejas up e ouzzdr wlii cb bj ujtli thd perkljc orekd ls emtlvetda. L` thd perkljc orekd ls emtlvetda, thd aldsdi djcljd wlii jbt stbp l` thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr ls fbvda but b` jdutrei. Qhd aldsdi djcljd wlii swltmh b`` lffdaletdiy l` `br ejy rdesbj thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr ls fbvda but b` jdutrei whdj thd bpdretbr ls jbt slttljc abwj eja thd perkljc orekd hes jbt oddj emtlvetda. ]lt abwj `br eii bpdretlbjs!
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Bpdretlbj Bpdretbr pbsltlbj L` e _BW] (_bii Bvdr Wrbtdmtlvd ]trumturd) br e meo ls `lttda tb thd rbiidr, eiweys wder thd sdet odit (5) prbvlada eja wder e prbtdmtlvd hdifdt. =
?
?
_dpiemd thd sdet odit (5) l` lt shbws slcjs b` wder br hes oddj suondmtda tb hlch idvdis b` `brmd.
= 5 4
@lc. Bpdretbr pbsltlbj 5. ]det odit ?. ]e`dty reliljc =. Ibmkljc kjbo 1. _uoodr didfdjt 4. Ejtl-silp
Qhd se`dty relis (?) erbuja thd meo erd eanusteoid lj thd ljjdr eja thd butdr pbsltlbjs. Wuii lj thd relis whdj arlvljc mibsd tb weiis br bthdr bostemids, eja whdj trejspbrtljc thd femhljd.
1
_didesd thd ibmkljc kjbo (=), sdt thd thd reliljcs lj thd rdqulrda pbsltlbj eja rdibmk lj pbsltlbj. Mhdmk thet thd ruoodr didfdjts (1) bj thd piet`brf erd ljtemt. Sbrj didfdjts wlii rdaumd mbf`brt.
Djsurd thet thd ejtl-silp (4) bj thd piet`brf ls lj cbba mbjaltlbj. _dpiemd whdrd ejtl-silp `rlmtlbj ls pbbr.
L` thd femhljd ls `lttda wlth e meo, fekd surd thet thd abbr ls mibsda whdj lj fbtlbj.
Pldw Od`brd stertljc, fekd surd thet thd vldw `brweras eja oemkweras ls ujbostrumtda. Eii meo wljabws shbuia od midej eja thd rder vldw flrrbrs shbuia od mbrrdmtiy eanustda.
@lc. Pldw
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Bpdretlbj ]tertljc ]tertljc thd djcljd Fekd surd thet thd dfdrcdjmy stbp ls B@@ eja thd perkljc orekd BJ. 5
]dt thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr (5) lj jdutrei pbsltlbj, eja sdt thd spdda sdidmtbr (?) lj thd lailjc pbsltlbj (IB).
Qhd aldsdi djcljd mejjbt od stertda lj ejy bthdr pbsltlbj b` thd mbjtrbis.
? =
@lc. Mbjtrbi pejdi 5. @/_ idvdr ?. _pf swltmh =. Lcjltlbj kdy
Qurj thd lcjltlbj kdy (=) rlcht tb pbsltlbj L eja thdj djcecd thd stertdr oy turjljc lt `uii rlcht. _didesd oemk tb L es sbbj es thd djcljd sterts. Ab jbt ruj thd stertdr fbtbr `br tbb ibjc (fex. =7 sdmbjas). L` thd djcljd wlii jbt stert, welt e fljutd od`brd tryljc ecelj.
Et thd stert b` thd aldsdi djcljd whdj thd efoldjt tdfpdreturd ls odibw +57 · M (47 · @), lt fust od werfda up et laid (ibw spdda) ujtli thd hyareuilm bli tdfpdreturd dxmddas +57 · M (47 · @). Djsud thet thdrd ls cbba vdjtlietlbj (elr dxtremtlbj) l` thd djcljd ls ruj ljabbrs. _lsk b` merobj fbjbxlad pblsbjljc.
Mhdmk aurljc werfljc up b` thd djcljd thet `udi eja wetdr idvdis erd shbwj mbrrdmtiy eja thet thd vbitecd ls et idest ?1P.
@lcurd. Alspiey - ]tetus lfecd
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Bpdretlbj Shdj stertljc eja arlvljc e femhljd thet ls mbia, rdfdfodr thet thd hyareuilm `iula ls eisb mbia eja thet orekljc alstejmds mej od ibjcdr thej jbrfei ujtli thd femhljd rdemhds thd wbrkljc tdfpdreturd.
Qhd femhljd eiweys sterts lj thd Qrejspbrt pbsltlbj, wlthbut lt odljc pbssloid tb usd b``-sdt, vloretlbj br sprljkiljc. L` thd femhljd eja arufs erd lj b``-sdt fbad, swltmh tbbj wbrk fbadQhls eja ls rdsdt od`brdoy ibealjc thd femhljd e trumk. ljalmetda e werjljc lj thd alspiey.
Alspiey whdj emtlvetljc mhblmd vle thd outtbj sdt. Qhd perkljc syfobi ls shbwj whdj thd perkljc orekd ls emtlvetda. 6 Bpdretljc pbsltlbj, b``-sdt, vloretlbj eja sprljkiljc pbssloid. Qhd syfobi `ieshds lj b``-sdt fbad, lj jdutrei (rdsdt b``-sdt) thd syfobi shljds mbjstejtiy. 6 Eutbfetlm Setdr Mbjtrbi (ESM), sprljkiljc ls emtlvetda whdj thd @/_ idvdr ls butslad jdutrei. 6 Hlch efpiltuad 6 Ploretlbj bj `rbjt eja rder aruf.
6 Eutbfetlm Ploretlbj Mbjtrbi (EPM), vloretlbj ls emtlvetda whdj thd @/_ idvdr ls butslad jdutrei.
6 Alspiey b` eierf, sdd teoid `br lj`brfetlbj.
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Bpdretlbj Eierf adsmrlptlbjs ]yfobi
07
Adslcjetlbj
@ujmtlbj
Serjljc iefp, hyareuilm `litdr
L` thd iefp mbfds bj whlid thd djcljd ls rujjljc et `uii spdda, thd hyareuilm `litdr fust od mhejcda.
Serjljc iefp, elr `litdr
L` thd iefp mbfds bj whlid thd djcljd ls rujjljc et `uii spdda, thd elr `litdr fust od midejda br rdpiemda.
Serjljc iefp, oettdry mhercljc
L` thd iefp mbfds bj whlid thd djcljd ls rujjljc, thd eitdrjetbr ls jbt mhercljc. ]tbp thd djcljd eja ibmetd thd `euit.
Serjljc ilcht, djcljd tdfpdreturd
L` thd iefp mbfds bj, thd djcljd ls tbb hbt. ]tbp thd djcljd lffdaletdiy eja ibmetd thd `euit. _d`dr eisb tb thd djcljd fejuei.
Serjljc iefp, hyareuilm `iula tdfpdreturd
L` thd iefp mbfds bj, thd hyareuilm `iula ls tbb hbt. Ab jbt arlvd thd rbiidr. Mbbi thd `iula oy eiibwljc thd djcljd tb laid eja ibmetd thd `euit.
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Bpdretlbj Arlvljc Bpdretljc thd rbiidr = 5
?
Tjadr jb mlrmufstejmds ls thd femhljd tb od bpdretda `rbf thd crbuja. Qhd bpdretbr fust od sdetda ljslad thd femhljd aurljc eii bpdretlbj.
Emtlvetd wbrkljc spdda (5) 6 HL br DMB l` evelieoid. Lj DMB, thd femhljd eutbfetlmeiiy rdcuietds thd djcljd spdda emmbraljc tb rdqulrdfdjts.
@lc. Mbjtrbi pejdi 5. _pf swltmh ?. Werkljc orekd ?. @brwera/_dvdrsd idvdr
1
L` thd femhljd ls bjiy tb od trejspbrtda, FLA br DMB shbuia od sdidmtda ljstdea. Mhdmk thet thd stddrljc ls wbrkljc mbrrdmtiy oy turjljc thd stddrljc whddi bjmd tb thd rlcht eja bjmd tb thd id`t whlid thd rbiidr ls stetlbjery. Shdj mbfpemtljc espheit, rdfdfodr tb turj bj thd sprljkidr systdf (1) br (4). Fekd surd thet thd erde lj `rbjt b` eja odhlja thd rbiidr ls mider. _didesd thd perkljc orekd (?).
4
1. Fejuei sprljkiljc 4. Eutb sprljkiljc (ESM)
Qhd wetdrljc b` thd mbfoljetlbj whddis mej od emtlvetda `rbf thd dfuislbj tejk. Wush eja hbia prdssda thd outtbj `br thd whddi sprljkidrs tb wetdr thd tlrds.
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Bpdretlbj Femhljd wlth cder mhejcd lj sdperetd sprljc-rdturj swltmh (cder pbsltlbj swltmh) ?
]wltmh (5) ls e sprljc-rdturj cder pbsltlbj swltmh, whdrd cder mhejcljc tekd piemd oy stdppljc thrbuch thd thrdd al``drdjt cder pbsltlbjs> Wbsltlbj 5, Wbsltlbj ? eja Wbsltlbj =. • Wbsltlbj 5> Tsda `br fexl fuf hlii-milfoljc mepemlty aurljc vloretbry mbfpemtlbj
5
• Wbsltlbj ?> Jbrfei pbsltlbj • Wbsltlbj => Tsda `br fexlfuf trejspbrt spdda br `br hlch spdda aurljc sfbbth rbiiljc wlthbut vloretlbj
@lc. Mbjtrbi pejdi 5. Cder pbsltlbj swltmh ?. @brwera/_dvdrsd idvdr
Qhd femhljd's cder pbsltlbj ls shbwj lj thd mdjtdr b` thd spddabfdtdr; sdidmt thd cder/spdda `br thd tesk. Qhd femhljd abds jbt jdda tb od stbppda tb mhejcd cder pbsltlbj.
@lc. Qhd alspiey shbws thd sdidmtlbj lj thd flaaid (tbrtblsd, aruf splj, whddisplj br herd).
6Wbsltlbj5
Fex. spdda 0kf/h =.8fph
6Wbsltlbj?
8kf/h
6Wbsltlbj=
5?kf/h
4fph
3.4fph
Merd`uiiy fbvd thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr (?) `brweras br oemkweras, adpdjaljc bj whlmh alrdmtlbj b` trevdi ls rdqulrda. Qhd spdda ljmrdesds es thd idvdr ls fbvda ewey `rbf
0?
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Bpdretlbj thd jdutrei pbsltlbj.
Mbfol femhljds Ljspdmt thd tlrd trdeas `rbf tlfd tb tlfd tb djsurd jb espheit hes stumk tb thd tlrds. Qhls mej bmmur od`brd thd tlrds erd su``lmldjtiy werf. Flxljc ?-1% muttljc `iula tb thd tlrd sprljkidr wetdr mej prdvdjt thls prboidf.
Ljtdribmk/Dfdrcdjmy stbp/Werkljc orekd Mhdmk
Qhd ljtdribmk, dfdrcdjmy stbp eja perkljc orekd fust od mhdmkda aeliy od`brd bpdretljc. E `ujmtlbj mhdmk b` thd ljtdribmk eja dfdrcdjmy stbp rdqulrds e rdstert. Qhd ljtdribmk `ujmtlbj ls mhdmkda oy thd bpdretbr stejaljc up `rbf thd sdet whdj thd rbiidr ls fbvljc vdry sibwiy `brweras/oemkweras. (Mhdmk lj obth alrdmtlbjs). Hbia thd stddrljc whddi `lrfiy eja oremd ybursdi` `br e suaadj stbp. E ouzzdr cbds bj eja e`tdr 3 sdmbjas thd djcljd swltmhds b`` eja thd orekds erd emtlvetda. Mhdmk thd `ujmtlbj b` thd dfdrcdjmy stbp oy prdssljc thd dfdrcdjmy stbp outtbj whdj thd rbiidr ls fbvljc sibwiy `brweras/oemkweras. (Mhdmk lj obth alrdmtlbjs). Hbia thd stddrljc whddi `lrfiy eja oremd ybursdi` `br e suaadj stbp. Qhd djcljd swltmhds b`` eja thd orekds erd emtlvetda. Mhdmk thd `ujmtlbj b` thd perkljc orekd oy emtlvetljc thd perkljc orekd whdj thd rbiidr ls fbvljc vdry sibwiy `brweras/oemkweras. (Mhdmk lj obth alrdmtlbjs). Hbia thd stddrljc whddi eja oremd ybursdi` `br e suaadj stbp whdj thd orekds erd emtlvetda. Qhd djcljd abds jbt swltmh b``.
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Bpdretlbj Wlvbtei stddrljc (Bptlbjei) Qhd femhljd fust od lj thd bpdretljc pbsltlbj tb emtlvetd thd plvbtei stddrljc. Tsd thd twb `rbjt outtbjs (5) bj thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr tb bpdretd thd plvbtei stddrljc.
5
Qb rdsdt thd rder aruf tb jdutrei, eanust thd outtbjs (5) ujtli thd alspiey (?) shbws thet thd femhljd hes eilcjda thd arufs. Qhd syfobi `br Sbrk jdutrei (arufs lj iljd)fbad shljds mbjtljubusiy lj
@lc. @/_ idvdr 5. B``sdt stddrljc
?
L` `euit ljalmetlbj bj thd alspiey ls shbwj br l` thd ouzzdr sbujas, stbp lffdaletdiy thd rbiidr lj e se`d piemd eja shut b`` thd Aldsdi djcljd. Mhdmk thd meusd `br `eliurd eja rdfday, sdd eisb feljtdjejmd fejuei, trbuoid shbbtljc culad br djcljd fejuei.
@lcurd. Alspiey
Dacd muttljc (Bptlbjei) Qhd femhljd fust od rujjljc tb emtlvetd thd dacd muttdr/mbfpemtbr. 5 ?
Shdj thd femhljd ls lj thd bpdretljc pbsltlbj eja thd swltmh (5) ls prdssda et thd obttbf, thd dacd muttdr/mbfpemtbr ls ibwdrda tb thd espheit sur`emd oy fdejs b` e hyareuilm myiljadr. Qb rdsdt thd dacd muttdr/mbfpemtbr lj lts brlcljei pbsltlbj, prdss thd tbp b` thd swltmh tb il`t thd dacd muttdr/mbfpemtbr. Qhd dacd muttdr/mbfpemtbr mej eisb od il`tda l` thd femhljd ls lj trejspbrt pbsltlbj.
@lcurd. ]wltmh 5. Dacd muttdr/mbfpemtbr Tp/Abwj ?. ]prljkidr, dacd muttdr/mbfpemtbr
E oypess veivd prdvdjts thd hyareuilm systdf odljc bvdribeada. Qhdrd ls e sdperetd sprljkidr systdf whlmh thd bpdretbr shbuia usd tb evbla espheit stlmkljc tb thd dacd muttdr/mbfpemtbr. Qhd systdf ls bpdretda wlth e swltmh (?). Qhd wetdr ls arewj `rbf thd felj wetdr tejk, whlmh ls eisb usda `br thd jbrfei sprljkidr systdf.
01
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Bpdretlbj Qhd bpdretbr mej mhbbsd odtwddj twb tbbis, thd dacd muttdr br dacd mbfpemtbr. Qhd dacd muttdr (5) lj thd `lcurd ls shbwj lj thd bpdretljc pbsltlbj. Qhd dacd mbfpemtbr (5) mej desliy od rdpiemda wlth thd dacd muttdr oy rdidesljc thd obitda nbljt (=).
1 5
?
=
=
@lc. Mhejcljc thd tbbi 5. Dacd mbfpemtbr ?. Dacd muttdr =. Obitda nbljt 1. Hbiadr `br muttdr/mbfpemtbr whddi
Ploretlbj Fejuei/Eutbfetlm vloretlbj 1
Emtlvetd thd outtbj `br thd Sbrkljc fbad (1). Fejuei br eutbfetlm vloretlbj emtlvetlbj/ademtlvetlbj ls sdidmtda usljc outtbj (5).
5 ?
Lj thd fejuei pbsltlbj, thd bpdretbr emtlvetds vloretlbj usljc thd swltmh (?) bj thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr.
=
Lj eutbfetlm fbad (EPM), vloretlbj ls emtlvetda whdj thd spdda ls ≤ x kf/h (... fph) eja turjs b`` et e spdda b` x kf/h (...fph)
@lc. Mbjtrbi pejdi 5. Eutbfetlm vloretlbj mbjtrbi (EPM) ?. ]wltmh, vloretlbj Bj/B`` =. _pf swltmh 1. Sbrkljc fbad
Emtlvetlbj b` vloretlbj `br thd `lrst tlfd, es wdii es alsmbjjdmtlbj b` eutbfetlm vloretlbj, erd pdr`brfda wlth thd swltmh (?) bj thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr.
Jbtd thet vloretlbj mej bjiy od emtlvetda whdj thd wbrkljc fbad (1) ls emtlvetda, eja whdj thd _pf swltmh (=) `br thd djcljd ls lj hlch (HL) br Dmb fbad (DMB). E`tdr 57 sdmbjas lj jdutrei, thd vloretlbj ls swltmhda b`` eja thd femhljd arbps tb ibw spdda.
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Bpdretlbj Fejuei vloretlbj - ]wltmhljc bj Jdvdr emtlvetd vloretlbj whdj thd rbiidr ls stetlbjery. Qhls mej aefecd obth thd sur`emd eja thd femhljd. 5 Djcecd eja alsdjcecd vloretlbj usljc thd swltmh (5) bj thd `rbjt b` thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr. Eiweys swltmh b`` vloretlbj od`brd thd rbiidr mbfds tb e stejastlii. Shdj mbfpemtljc thlj ieydrs b` espheit up tb epprbx. 47 ff (? ljmhds) thlmk, thd odst rdsuits erd emhlvda wlth ibw efpiltuad/hlch `rdqudjmy.
@lc. @/_ idvdr 5. Ploretlbj BJ/B@@
Efpiltuad/`rdqudjmy - Mhejcdbvdr Qhd efpiltuad sdttljc fust jbt od mhejcd whdj vloretlbj ls lj bpdretlbj ]wltmh thd vloretlbj b`` eja welt ujtli vloretlbj stbps od`brd mhejcljc efpiltuad.
5
? Oy prdssljc outtbj (5) hlch efpiltuad ls emhldvda. =
Qhd outtbjs (?) eja (=) erd usda tb cdt vloretlbjs dlthdr bj `rbjt br rder aruf br bj obth.
@lc. Mbjtrbi pejdi 5. Hlch efpiltuad ?. Ploretlbj `rbj aruf =. Ploretlbj rder aruf
- (?) vloretlbj bj `rbjt aruf. - (=) vloretlbj bj rder aruf.
Orekljc Jbrfei orekljc ? 5 =
Wrdss thd swltmh (5) tb swltmh b`` thd vloretlbj. Fbvd thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr (?) tb thd jdutrei pbsltlbj tb stbp thd rbiidr. Eiweys emtlvetd thd perkljc orekd (=), od`brd idevljc thd bpdretbr piet`brf. Shdj stertljc eja arlvljc e femhljd thet ls mbia, rdfdfodr thet thd hyareuilm `iula ls eisb mbia eja thet orekljc alstejmds mej od ibjcdr thej jbrfei ujtli thd femhljd rdemhds thd wbrkljc tdfpdreturd.
@lc. Mbjtrbi pejdi 5. Ploretlbj Bj/B`` swltmh ?. @brwera/_dvdrsd idvdr =. Werkljc orekd
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Bpdretlbj L` thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr ls fbvda qulmkiy (`brweras br oemkweras) tbwera/pest jdutrei, thd systdf swltmhds tb e repla orekljc Fbad eja thd femhljd stbps. Emtlvetd jbrfei arlvljc Fbad ecelj oy fbvljc thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr oemk tb jdutrei.
Dfdrcdjmy orekljc Orekljc ls jbrfeiiy emtlvetda usljc thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr. Qhd hyarbstetlm trejsflsslbj rdteras eja sibws thd rbiidr whdj thd idvdr ls fbvda tbweras thd jdutrei pbsltlbj.
5 ?
E alsm orekd lj demh aruf fbtbr/aruf cder eja thd rder exid eisb emts e sdmbjaery orekd whdj lj fbtlbj, eja es e perkljc orekd whdj stetlbjery. Emtlvetda wlth thd perkljc orekd (?). @br dfdrcdjmy orekljc, prdss thd dfdrcdjmy stbp (5), hbia thd stddrljc whddi `lrfiy eja od prdperda `br e suaadj stbp. Qhd djcljd stbps.
@lc. Mbjtrbi pejdi 5. Dfdrcdjmy stbp ?. Werkljc orekd
Qhd Aldsdi djcljd wlii stbp eja fust od rdstertda. E`tdr dfdrcdjmy orekljc, rdturj thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr tb jdutrei eja ademtlvetd thd dfdrcdjmy stbp.
]wltmhljc b`` ]dt thd spdda mbjtrbi lj lailjc pbsltlbj eja eiibw thd djcljd tb laid `br e `dw fljutds tb mbbi abwj.
5
Mhdmk thd alspiey tb sdd l` ejy `euits erd ljalmetda. ]wltmh b`` eii ilchts eja bthdr didmtrlmei `ujmtlbjs. Emtlvetd thd perkljc orekd (=) eja thdj turj thd lcjltlbj ibmk (?) tb thd id`t tb thd b`` pbsltlbj.
= ?
@lt thd ljstrufdjt mbvdr bj thd alspiey eja tbp b` thd mbjtrbi obx (bj rbiidrs wlthbut meo), eja ibmk lt.
@lc. Mbjtrbi pejdi 5. Alspiey ?. Lcjltlbj ibmk =. Werkljc orekd
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Bpdretlbj Werkljc Mhbmkljc thd arufs Jdvdr alsdfoerk `rbf thd femhljd whdj thd aldsdi djcljd ls rujjljc, ujidss thd perkljc orekd ls emtlvetda.
Fekdrdspdmt surd thet rbiidr perkdaMhbmk lj e se`d wlth tb thd bthdr rbealsusdrs. thd piemd arufs l` thd rbiidr ls perkda bj sibpljc crbuja.
5
5
@lc. Wbsltlbjljc 5. Mhbmks
Kddp lj flja thet thdrd ls e rlsk b` `rddzljc aurljc thd wljtdr. Arelj thd wetdr tejks, pufps eja wetdr iljds. @lii ejtl`rddzd lj thd djcljd mbbiljc systdf eja thd weshdr `iula rdsdrvblr lj thd meo. Eisb sdd feljtdjejmd ljstrumtlbjs.
Festdr swltmh Od`brd idevljc thd rbiidr `br thd aey, swltmh thd festdr swltmh (5) tb thd alsmbjjdmtda pbsltlbj eja rdfbvd thd hejaid. 5
Od`brd thdthd festdr swltmh, weltoddj `br et idest =7swltmhljc sdmbjas b`` e`tdr lcjltlbj ibmk hes swltmhda b``, lj bradr tb evbla thd djcljd's didmtrbjlm mbjtrbi ujlt (DMT) susteljljc aefecd.
@lcurd. Djcljd abbr, id`t 5. Festdr swltmh
Qhls wlii prdvdjt oettdry alsmhercljc eja wlii eisb fekd lt al``lmuit `br ujeuthbrlzda pdrsbjs tb stert eja bpdretd thd femhljd. Ibmk thd sdrvlmd abbrs/mbvdrs.
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Ibjc-tdrf perkljc Ibjc-tdrf perkljc Qhd `biibwljc ljstrumtlbjs shbuia od `biibwda whdj ibjc tdrf perkljc (fbrd thej bjd fbjth). Qhdsd fdesurds eppiy whdj perkljc `br e pdrlba b` up tb 0 fbjths. Od`brd rbiidr, tb thdthd pbljts ferkda wlth ej rd-mbfflsslbjljc estdrlsk * fust odthd rdturjda prd-stbrecd stetd.
@lc. _biidr wdethdr prbtdmtlbj
Sesh thd femhljd eja tbumh up thd peljt `ljlsh tb evbla rustljc. Qrdet dxpbsda perts wlth ejtl-rust ecdjt, iuorlmetd thd femhljd thbrbuchiy eja eppiy crdesd tb ujpeljtda sur`emds.
Djcljd * _d`dr tb thd feju`emturdr“s ljstrumtlbjs lj thd djcljd fejuei thet ls suppilda wlth thd rbiidr.
Oettdry * _dfbvd thd oettdry/oetttdrlds `rbfbjmd thd femhljd, midej thd butslad eja trlmkid mhercd e fbjth.
Elr midejdr, dxheust plpd * Mbvdr thd elr midejdr (sdd ujadr thd hdealjc 'Dvdry 47 hburs b` bpdretlbj' br 'Dvdry 5777 hburs b` bpdretlbj') br lts bpdjljc wlth piestlm br tepd. Eisb mbvdr thd dxheust plpd bpdjljc. Qhls ls tb evbla fblsturd djtdrljc thd djcljd.
Setdrljc systdf * Dfpty thd wetdr tejk eja eii hbsds b` wetdr. Dfpty thd `litdr hbusljc eja thd wetdr pufp. Tjab eii sprljkidr jbzzids. ]dd feljtdjejmd sdmtlbjs `br "Setdrljc systdf areljljc".
@udi tejk @lii thd `udi tejk mbfpidtdiy `uii tb prdvdjt mbjadjsetlbj.
Hyareuilm rdsdrvblr @lii thd hyareuilm rdsdrvblr tb thd uppdrfbst idvdi ferk (sdd ujadr thd hdealjc ‘Dvdry 57 hburs b` bpdretlbj.“) ?75=-71-?=
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Ibjc-tdrf perkljc Qlrds Fekd surd thet tlrd prdssurds erd et idest ?77 kWe (?< psl).
Hbbas, terpeuilj * Ibwdr thd ljstrufdjt mbvdr bvdr thd ljstrufdjt pejdi. * Mbvdr thd djtlrd rbiidr wlth e terpeuilj. E cep fust od id`t odtwddj thd terpeuilj eja thd crbuja. * L` pbssloid, stbrd thd rbiidr ljabbrs eja ladeiiy lj e oulialjc whdrd thd tdfpdreturd ls mbjstejt.
]tddrljc myiljadr, hljcds, dtm. Crdesd thd stddrljc myiljadr plstbj wlth mbjsdrvetlbj crdesd. Crdesd thd hljcds bj thd abbrs tb thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt eja thd meo.
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Flsmdiiejdbus Flsmdiiejdbus Il`tljc Ibmkljc thd ertlmuietlbj Ertlmuietlbj fust od ibmkda tb prdvdjt ljeavdrtdjt turjljc od`brd il`tljc thd rbiidr.
Qurj thd stddrljc whddi sb thd rbiidr ls strelcht `brwera. Emtlvetd thd perkljc orekd eja swltmh b`` thd femhljd. Wut thd ibmks bj thd culad myiljadr plstbj rbas eja ibmk thdf. 5
?
@lcurd. Ertlmuietlbj lj ibmkda pbsltlbj 5. Mbttdr plj ?. Ibmk
Sdlcht> rd`dr tb thd hblstljc pietd bj thd rbiidr
Il`tljc thd rbiidr Qhd femhljd“s crbss wdlcht bj thd hblstljc pietd (5). _d`dr eisb ls tb spdml`lda thd Qdmhjlmei spdml`lmetlbjs.
Il`tljc dqulpfdjt sumh es mheljs, stddi wlrds, streps eja il`tljc hbbks fust od alfdjslbjda lj emmbraejmd wlth thd rdidvejt se`dty rdcuietlbjs `br thd il`tljc dqulpfdjt.
]teja wdii mider b` thd hblstda femhljd! Fekd surd thet thd il`tljc hbbks erd prbpdriy sdmurda.
5 @lc. _biidr prdperda `br il`tljc 5. Hblstljc pietd
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Flsmdiiejdbus Sdlcht> rd`dr tb thd hblstljc pietd bj thd rbiidr
5
Il`tljc thd rbiidr wlth nemk> Qhd femhljd“s crbss wdlcht ls spdml`lda bj thd hblstljc pietd (5). _d`dr eisb tb thd Qdmhjlmei spdml`lmetlbjs.
Qhd il`tljc advlmd sumh es e nemk (?), br dqulveidjt, fust od alfdjslbjda emmbraljc tb thd se`dty rdcuietlbjs `br il`tljc advlmds. =
= Ab jbt cb ujadr e il`tda ibea! Fekd surd thet thd il`tljc advlmd ls sdmurd lj lts pbsltlbj, eja bj e idvdi eja steoid su`emd.
? @lcurd. _biidr il`tda wlth nemk 5. Il`tljc pietd ?. Nemk =. Ferkljc
Qhd femhljd fust bjiy od il`tda wlth e nemk, br thd ilkd, pbsltlbjda es pdr thd ferkljcs (=). Qhd `refd ls rdlj`brmda et thdsd pbljts tb wlthsteja thd tdjslbj. Il`tljc et ejy bthdr piemd mej rdsuit lj aefecd tb thd femhljd br pdrsbjei ljnury.
Tjibmkljc thd ertlmuietlbj _dfdfodr tb ujibmk thd ertlmuietlbj od`brd bpdretljc.
Ljsdmurd eja rdfbvd thd ibmkljc advlmds eja put thdf lj thd stbrljc piemd.
? @lcurd. Ertlmuietlbj lj bpdj pbsltlbj ?. Ibmk
Qbwljc/_dmbvdrljc Qhd mej od fbvda up tb =77 fdtdrs (==7 yeras) usljcrbiidr thd ljstrumtlbjs odibw.
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Flsmdiiejdbus ]hbrt alstejmd tbwljc wlth thd djcljd rujjljc Emtlvetd thd perkljc orekd, eja tdfpbrerliy stbp thd aldsdi djcljd. Mhbmk thd arufs tb prdvdjt thd rbiidr `rbf fbvljc
Bpdj thd id`t abbr tb thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt tb emmdss thd prbpuislbj pufp. Qurj (5) hbialjc (flaaid thd hdxecbjei thrddobth turjstbwljc tb thd veivds id`t, whlid oypess juts veivdE) (?) (ibwdr hdxecbjei juts). Qhd veivds erd ibmetda et thd obttbf b` thd prbpuislbj pufp.
5 ?
?
@lc. Wrbpuislbj pufp 5. Qbwljc veivd ?. Oypess veivd
5
E`tdr rdidesljc thd hdx jut (E), smrdw lj thd eanustljc smrdw (O) ujtli lt tbumhds thd plj (M) eja thdj turj ej eaaltlbjei ¶ turj. Qhd veivd ls jbw bpdj.
Qb idevd thd oy-pess pbsltlbj, ujsmrdw thd eanustljc smrdw (O) ujtli lt stbps eja thdj ibmk thd veivd ecelj wlth thd hdx jut (E). ]tert thd djcljd eja eiibw lt tb laid. Ademtlvetd thd perkljc orekd eja piemd thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr lj thd `brwera br rdvdrsd pbsltlbj. L` thd idvdr ls lj jdutrei, thd orekds lj thd hyareuilm fbtbrs erd emtlvetda. Qhd rbiidr mej jbw od tbwda eja mej eisb od stddrda l` thd stddrljc systdf ls bthdrwlsd `ujmtlbjljc.
@lcurd. Qbwljc veivd
]hbrt alstejmd tbwljc whdj thd djcljd ls ljbpdretlvd. Mhbmk thd arufs tb prdvdjt thd rbiidr `rbf fbvljc whdj thd orekds erd hyareuilmeiiy alsdjcecda.
?
=
Bpdj obth tbwljc veivds es adsmrloda derildr. 5 @lc. Orekd alsdjcecdfdjt veivd 5. Peivd ?. Wufp erf =. Kjbo
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Qhd orekd alsdjcecdfdjt pufp ls ibmetda odhlja thd id`t abbr b` thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt. Fekd surd thet thd veivd (5) ls mibsda, thls ls abjd oy tlchtdjljc mibmkwlsd wlth thd kjbo (=). Wufp wlth thd pufp erf (?) ujtli thd orekds erd alsdjcecda. Djsurd thet thd veivd ls rdsdt ljtb bpdj pbsltlbj e`tdr `ljlshda tbwljc. Qhls ls abjd oy turjljc thd kjbo mbujtdr mibmkwlsd tb `uii dxtremtda pbsltlbj.
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Flsmdiiejdbus Qbwljc thd rbiidr Shdj tbwljc/rdmbvdrljc, thd rbiidr fust od orekda oy thd tbwljc vdhlmid. E tbwljc oer fust od usda es thd rbiidr hes jb orekds.
Qhd rbiidr fust od tbwda sibwiy, fex. = kf/h (? fph) eja bjiy tbwda shbrt alstejmds, fex. =77 f (==7 yeras).
Shdj tbwljc/rdtrldvljc e femhljd, thd tbwljc advlmd fust od mbjjdmtda tb obth il`tljc hbids lj thd alecref. Qhd ibea ls ujl`brfiy alvlada odtwddj thd twb iucs. Qhd puiiljc `brmds shbuia emt pereiidi tb thd femhljd's ibjcltualjei exls, es shbwj lj thd `lcurd. ]dd teoid odibw `br fexlfuf pdrflttda puiiljc `brmd. @lc. Qbwljc
Fbadi
kJ
io`
MM??1H@-MM=81H@
517
=5477
MM1?1H@-MM0?1H@
5<7
1?347
_dvdrsd thd tbwljc prdperetlbjs fead tb thd hyareuilm pufp eja/br thd fbtbr.
Qrelidr dyd Qhd rbiidr mej od `lttda wlth e trelidr dyd. Qhd trelidr dyd ls jbt adslcjda tb od usda `br tbwljc/rdmbvdrljc. Lt ls adslcjda `br trelidrs eja bthdr tbwda bondmts wdlchljc jb fbrd thej ? 077 kc (4 347 ios).
@lc. Qrelidr dyd
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Flsmdiiejdbus Qrejspbrt Qld-abwj eja sdmurd thd femhljd emmbraljc tb thd Mercb ]dmurljc Mdrtl`lmetd `br thd spdml`lm femhljd l` thls ls eveileoid eja eppilmeoid. L` jbt, tld abwj eja sdmurd thd femhljd emmbraljc tb thd mercb sdmurljc ruids thet erd veila `br thd mbujtry whdrd thd trejspbrt tekds piemd.
Od`brd sdmurljc thd femhljd djsurd thet > • thd perkljc orekd ls eppilda eja lj cbba wbrkljc mbjaltlbj • thd ertlmuietda nbljt ls lj mibsda pbsltlbj • thd femhljd ls mdjtdrda ietdreiiy bj thd piet`brf • thd ieshljcs erd lj cbba mbjaltlbj eja `ui`liis thd mbrrdspbjaljc ruids `br trejspbrt sdmurljc.
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Flsmdiiejdbus Ibealjc MM??1-0?1H@ ]dmurljc vloretbry rbiidr MM??1-0?1H@ `rbf Ayjepem `br trejspbrt. (Qhd ljstrumtlbjs eisb eppiy tb Mbfol femhljds) _biidr ibeada lj `brwera alrdmtlbj
Alrdmt b` trevdi
* Qhd ieshljcs mej od fbvda tb e rder pbljt bj thd rbiidr l` thdrd ls jb dacd iljd bj thd trelidr. 5 - 0 6 abuoid ieshljcs, l.d. bjd ieshljc wlth twb perts sdmurda tb twb al``drdjt ieshljc fbujts, syffdtrlmeiiy ibmetda bj thd rlcht eja id`t slads. 3 6ruoodr
Qhd ieshljcs' pdrflttda alstejmd ljtdrvei lj fdtdrs (5 - 0> Abuoid ieshljcs, IM et idest 5.3 tbjjds (5377 aeJ), ] Q@ =77 kc (=77aeJ)) I5 - I? 5,5 =,7 -
I= - I1* 5,7 =,7 -
I4 - I0 7,? =,7 -
Qhd alstejmd I5 eobvd ls odtwddj pbljts A eja D. A ls thd prbndmtda pbljt alrdmtiy et rlcht ejcids tb thd dacd b` thd piet`brf `rbf ieshljc pbljt M bj thd rbiidr. D ls thd ieshljc pbljt et thd dacd b` thd piet`brf. I? ” I0 hevd thd sefd rdietlbjshlp.
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Flsmdiiejdbus Ibea merrldr - Shdj ibeada, thd vloretbry rbiidr ls mdjtdrda ietdreiiy bj thd piet`brf (µ 4 mf). - Qhd perkljc orekd ls eppilda eja lj cbba wbrkljc mbjaltlbj, eja thd ertlmuietda nbljt ibmk ls mibsda. - Qhd arufs erd piemda bj ruoodr iljdrs, sb thet thd stetlm `rlmtlbj odtwddj thd sur`emds ls et idest 7.0. - Qhd mbjtemt sur`emds fust od midej, wdt br ary, eja `rdd `rbf `rbst, lmd eja sjbw. - Qhd ieshljc fbujts bj thd ibea merrldr hevd IM/F]I et idest ? tbjjds. Ieshljcs - Qhd ieshljcs mbfprlsd e ieshljc strep br mhelj wlth e pdrflttda ibea (IM/F]I) b` et idest 5.3 tbjjds (5,377 aeJ) eja e prd-tdjslbj ]Q@ b` et idest =77 kc (=77 aeJ). Qhd ieshljcs erd rd-tlchtdjda es rdqulrda. - Demh b` ieshljcs 5-0 ls dlthdr e abuoid br twb sljcid ieshljcs. E abuoid ieshljc rujs lj e siljc thrbuch e ieshljc pbljt br erbuja e femhljd pert eja abwj ljtb twb al``drdjt `estdjdrs bj thd piet`brf. Jbtd thet ieshljc = mej l` jdmdssery od fbvda tb e rder ieshljc pbljt bj thd rbiidr l` thdrd ls jb dacd iljd bj thd trelidr. - Ieshljcs lj thd sefd alrdmtlbj erd piemda lj al``drdjt ieshljc fbujts bj thd trelidr. Ieshljcs thet erd puiida lj bppbsltd alrdmtlbjs fey od piemda lj thd sefd ieshljc fbujt, hbwdvdr. - Qhd ieshljcs erd es shbrt es pbssloid. - Qhd ieshljc hbbks fust jbt ibsd crlp l` thd ieshljcs odmbfd siemk. - Qhd ieshljcs erd prbtdmtda eceljst sherp dacds eja mbrjdrs. - Qhd ieshljcs erd ibmetda syffdtrlmeiiy lj pelrs bj thd rlcht eja id`t slads.
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Bpdretljc ljstrumtlbjs - ]uffery
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Bpdretljc ljstrumtlbjs - ]uffery Bpdretljc ljstrumtlbjs - ]uffery 5.
@biibw thd ]E@DQ\ LJ]Q_TMQLBJ] spdml`lda lj thd ] e`dty Fejuei.
?.
Fekd surd thet eii ljstrumtlbjs lj thd FELJQDJEJMD sdmtlbj erd `biibwda.
=.
Qurj thd festdr swltmh tb thd BJ pbsltlbj.
1.
Fbvd thd `brwera/rdvdrsd idvdr tb thd JDTQ_EI pbsltlbj. ]lt abwj lj thd sdet.
4.
Djcecd thd perkljc orekd.
0.
Alsdjcecd thd dfdrcdjmy stbp. Qhd rbiidr ls eiweys stertljc lj trejspbrtetlbj fbad.
3.
]dt thd rpf swltmh lj pbsltlbj laid (IB).
8.
]tert thd djcljd eja eiibw lt tb werf up.
<.
]dt thd drpf swltmh lj pbsltlbj wbrkljc spdda (HL) br (DMB).
57. Alsdjcecd thd perkljc orekd. 55. Arlvd thd rbiidr. Bpdretd thd @/_ idvdr wlth merd.
5?. Qdst thd o rekds. _dfdfodr thet thd or ekljc alstejmd wlii od ibjc dr l` thd hyareuilm `iula ls mbia. 5=. ]dt thd trejspbrtetlbj/wbrkljc fbad outtbj lj pbsltlbj wbrkljc fbad. 51. Tsd vloretlbj bjiy whdj thd rbiidr ls lj fbtlbj. 54. Mhdmk thet thd arufs erd thbrbuchiy wetdrda whdj wetdrljc ls rdqulrda. 50. LJ E J DF D_CDJM\> - Wrdss thd DFD_CDJM\ ]QBW. - Hbia thd stddrljc whddi `lrfiy. - Oremd ybursdi` `br e suaadj stbp. 53. Shdj perkljc> - Emtlvetd thd perkljc orekd. - ]wltmh b`` thd djcljd eja oibmk thd arufs l` thd rbiidr ls bj ej ljmiljda sur`emd. 58. Shdj il`tljc> - _d`dr tb thd rdidvejt sdmtlbj lj thd Ljstrumtlbj Fejuei. 5<. Shdj tbwljc> - _d`dr tb thd rdidvejt sdmtlbj lj thd Ljstrumtlbj Fejuei. ?7. Shdj trejspbrtljc> - _d`dr tb thd rdidvejt sdmtlbj lj thd Ljstrumtlbj Fejuei.
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Bpdretljc ljstrumtlbjs - ]uffery ?5. Shdj rdmbvdrljc - _d`dr tb thd rdidvejt sdmtlbj lj thd Ljstrumtlbj Fejuei.
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Wrdvdjtlvd feljtdjejmd Wrdvdjtlvd feljtdjejmd Mbfpidtd feljtdjejmd ls jdmdssery `br thd femhljd tb `ujmtlbj setls`emtbrliy eja et thd ibwdst pbssloid mbst. Qhd Feljtdjejmd sdmtlbj ljmiuads thd pdrlbalm feljtdjejmd thet fust od merrlda but bj thd femhljd. Qhd rdmbffdjada feljtdjejmd ljtdrveis essufd thet thd femhljd ls usda lj e jbrfei djvlrbjfdjt eja wbrkljc mbjaltlbjs.
Emmdptejmd eja adilvdry ljspdmtlbj Qhd femhljd ls tdstda eja eanustda od`brd lt idevds thd `emtbry. Bj errlvei, od`brd adilvdry tb thd mustbfdr, adilvdry ljspdmtlbj fust od mbjaumtda es pdr thd mhdmk ilst lj thd werrejty abmufdjt. Ejy trejspbrt aefecd fust od lffdaletdiy rdpbrtda tb thd trejspbrt mbfpejy.
Serrejty Qhd werrejty ls bjiy veila l` thd stlpiuietda adilvdry ljspdmtlbj eja thd sdrvlmd ljspdmtlbj oddj mbfpidtda essdperetd pdr thd werrejty abmufdjt,hevd eja whdj thd femhljd hes oddj rdclstdrda `br stertljc ujadr thd werrejty. Qhd werrejty ls jbt veila l` aefecd hes oddj meusda oy ljeadquetd sdrvlmd, ljmbrrdmt usd b` thd femhljd, thd usd b` iuorlmejts eja hyareuilm `iulas bthdr thej thbsd spdml`lda lj thd fejuei, br l` ejy bthdr eanustfdjts hevd oddj fead wlthbut thd rdqulsltd euthbrlsetlbj.
?75=-71-?=
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Wrdvdjtlvd feljtdjejmd
8?
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Feljtdjejmd - Iuorlmejts eja syfobis Feljtdjejmd - Iuorlmejts eja syfobis @iula vbiufds Aruf Aruf - MM1?1MH@
51 iltdrs
Aruf - MM4?1MH@
54 iltdrs
Aruf - cder Shddis -Shddicder(x?) Hyareuilm rdsdrvblr
54 qts 50 qts
5,4 iltdrs
5.0 qts
7,8(x?)i ltdrs
7.84(x?)q ts
17 iltdrs
1? qts
Aldsdi djcljd bli -
55 iltdrs
55.0 qts
mbbiejt, jb meo
?5,1 iltdrs
??.0 qts
mbbiejt, wlthmeo
?=,0 iltdrs
?4.7 qts
Eiweys usd hlch-queilty iuorlmejts eja thd efbujts rdmbffdjada. Qbb fumh crdesd br bli mej meusd bvdrhdetljc, rdsuitljc lj repla wder.
Bthdr `udi eja iuorlmejts erd rdqulrda whdj bpdretljc lj erdes wlth dxtrdfdiy hlch br dxtrdfdiy ibw efoldjt tdfpdreturds. ]dd thd ‘]pdmlei ljstrumtlbjs“ mheptdr, br mbjsuit Ayjepem.
A\JEWEM/EtiesMbpmb DJCLJD BLI
Elr tdfpdreturd -54·M - +47·M (4·@-5??·@)
]hdii _lfuie _1 I 54S-17, EWL MH-1 br dqulveidjt.
EtiesMbpmb Djcljd 577, W/J 44877?70?1 (4 iltdrs)
H\A_ETILM @ITLA
Elr tdfpdreturd -54·M - +47·M (4·@-5??·@)
]hdii Qdiius ]? P08 br dqulveidjt.
EtiesMbpmb Hyareuilm =77, W/J <570?=7==7 (?7 iltdrs)
Elr tdfpdreturd bvdr +17·M (571·@)
]hdii Qdiius ]? P577 br dqulveidjt.
OLBIBCLMEI H\A_ETILM @ITLA, WEJBILJ
Elr tdfpdreturd -57·M - +=4·M (51·@-<4·@) Shdj lt idevds thd `emtbry, thd femhljd fey od `liida wlth olbibclmeiiy adcreaeoid `iula. Qhd sefd typd b` `iula fust od usda whdj mhejcljc br tbppljc up.
WEJBILJ HIW ]yjth 10 (www.pejbilj.mbf)
A_TF BLI
Elr tdfpdreturd -54·M - +17·M (4·@-571·@)
?75=-71-?=
185?54<475.pa`
Ayjepem Aruf Bli 5777 , W/J 185?540140 (4 iltdrs)
8=
Feljtdjejmd - Iuorlmejts eja syfobis A\JEWEM/EtiesMbpmb C_DE]D
Ayjepem _biidr Crdesd (7.1kc), W/J 185?7=77<4
]hdii _dtljex IX? br dqulveidjt.
@TDI
]dd djcljd fejuei.
Q_EJ]FL]]LBJ BLI
Elr tdfpdreturd -54·M - +17·M (4·@-571·@)
]hdii ]plrex ]= EX 87S/<7, EWL CI-4 br dqulveidjt
Elr tdfpdreturd 7·M (=?·@) eobvd +17·M (571·@)
]hdii ]plrex ]= EX 84S/517, EWL CI-4 br dqulveidjt.
Ejtl-`rddzd prbtdmtlbj abwj tb eobut -=3·M (-=1.0·@)
Ciymb]hdii/Mermbbiejt 331M br dqulveidjt, (flxda 47/47 wlth wetdr)
MBBIEJQ
-
-
Ayjepem Cder bli =77, W/J 185?7=7340 (4 iltdrs), W/J 185?7=7553 (?7 iltdrs), W/J 185?7=5431 (?7< iltdrs)
Feljtdjejmd syfobis Djcljd,bliidvdi
Elr`litdr
Djcljd,bli`litdr
Oettdry
Hyareuilmrdsdrvblr,idvdi
]prljkidr
Hyareuilm`iula,`litdr
]prljkidrwetdr
Aruf,bliidvdi
81
_dmymiljc
Iuorlmetljcbli
@udi`litdr
Mbbiejtidvdi
Wufpcder,bliidvdi
Elr prdssurd
]prljkidr, tlrds
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Feljtdjejmd - Feljtdjejmd smhdauid Feljtdjejmd - Feljtdjejmd smhdauid ]drvlmd eja feljtdjejmd pbljts <
??
4
51 51 51 5?
5 54
5?
?
=
?7
51 ?1 5=
55
?=
53
8
0, 3
?5
50
58
=
5= 1
5< 57
?4
@lc. ]drvlmd eja feljtdjejmd pbljts
5. ?. =. 1. 4. 0. 3. 8.
Djcljd bli Bli`litdr @udi`litdr Hyareuilm`litdr Hyareuilm`iulaidvdi Hyareuilm`iula,`liiljc Hyareuilmtejkmep Hyareuilm`iulambbidr
<. Mbbiejt 57.E lrmidejdr 55. _d`udiljcpbljt 5?. ]mrepdrs 5=. Setdrtejk(s),`liiljc 51. Setdrljcsystdf 54. Arufcder/Shddicder 50. Arufbli
53. ]tddrljc nbljt 58. ]detoderljc 5<._ uoodrdidfdjt ?7. Oettdry ?5. Wlvbtoderljc ??. Meo,elr`litdr ?=. Meo,EM ?1.D acdmuttdr ?4. Shddi
Cdjdrei Wdrlbalm feljtdjejmd shbuia od merrlda but e`tdr thd jufodr b` hburs spdml`lda. Tsd thd aeliy, wddkiy dtm. pdrlbas whdrd jufodr b` hburs mejjbt od usda. ?75=-71-?=
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Feljtdjejmd - Feljtdjejmd smhdauid _dfbvd eii alrt od`brd `liiljc, whdj mhdmkljc blis eja `udi eja whdj iuorlmetljc usljc bli br crdesd.
Qhd feju`emturdr“s ljstrumtlbjs `buja lj thd djcljd fejuei eisb eppiy.
Dvdry 57 hburs b` bpdretlbj (Aeliy) _d`dr tb thd mbjtdjts tb `lja thd pecd jufodr b` thd sdmtlbjs rd`drrda tb !
Wbs. lj `lc
Emtlbj
Mbffdjt
Od`brd stertljc up `br thd `lrst tlfd bj thet aey 5
Mhdmkthddjcljdbliidvdi
<
Mhdmk thd djcljd mbbiejt idvdi
_d`drtbthddjcljdfejuei
4
Mhdmk thd hyareuilm rdsdrvblr idvdi
55
_d`udi
5=
@lii thd wetdr tejks
51
Mhdmk thd sprljkidr systdf
51 5?
Dfdrcdjmy wetdrljc (Dxtre pufp lj pufp systdf) Mhdmk thd smrepdr sdttljc
51
Mhdmk thd sprljkidr systdf - tlrds
5?
Mhdmk thd smrepdr sdttljc - tlrds
E`tdr thd @L_]Q 47 hburs b` bpdretlbj _d`dr tb thd mbjtdjts tb `lja thd pecd jufodr b` thd sdmtlbjs rd`drrda tb !
Wbs. lj `lc
Emtlbj
1
Mhejcdthdhyareuilm`iula`litdr
54
Mhejcdbliljthdarufcderobxds
]dd5777h.
54
Mhejcdbliljthdwhddicderobxds
]dd5777h.
80
Mbffdjt _d`drtb5777h.
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Feljtdjejmd - Feljtdjejmd smhdauid Dvdry 47 hburs b` bpdretlbj (Sddkiy) _d`dr tb thd mbjtdjts tb `lja thd pecd jufodr b` thd sdmtlbjs rd`drrda tb !
Wbs. lj `lc
Emtlbj
Mbffdjt
54
Mhdmk thd bli idvdi lj thd aruf cders
=
Areljljc thd `udi prd`litdr
?4
Mhdmk thd tlrd prdssurd Mhdmk thet hbsds eja mbjjdmtlbjs erd tlcht
Dvdry ?47/347/5?47/5347 hburs b` bpdretlbj _d`dr tb thd mbjtdjts tb `lja thd pecd jufodr b` thd sdmtlbjs rd`drrda tb !
Wbs. lj `lc
Emtlbj
8
Midej thd hyareuilm `iula mbbidr/wetdr mbbidr
?7
Mhdmk thd oettdrlds mbjaltlbj.
??,?=
Mhdmk thd EM
?1
Mhdmk/iuorlmetdthddacdmuttdr
?75=-71-?=
Mbffdjt Br whdj rdqulrda Bptlbjei Bptlbjei
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Feljtdjejmd - Feljtdjejmd smhdauid Dvdry 477/5477 hburs b` bpdretlbj _d`dr tb thd mbjtdjts tb `lja thd pecd jufodr b` thd sdmtlbjs rd`drrda tb !
Wbs. lj `lc
Emtlbj
Mbffdjt
8
Midej thd hyareuilm `iula mbbidr/wetdr mbbidr
57
Mhdmk thd `litdr didfdjt lj thd elr midejdr
?7
Mhdmk thd mbjaltlbj b` thd oettdrlds
5,?
Mhejcd thd aldsdi djcljd bli eja bli `litdr *, **
]dd thd djcljd's ljstrumtlbj fejuei *) 477 h br bjmd dvdry 0 fbjths
=
_dpiemd`udi`litdr
_d`drtbthddjcljdfejuei
=
_dpiemd `udi prd`litdr
50
Mhdmk thd bli idvdi lj thd arufs
5<
Mhdmk ruoodr didfdjts eja obitda nbljts
58
Crdesd thd mhelr oderljc
??,?=
Mhdmk thd EM
?5
Iuorlmetdthdplvbtoderljcs
Br whdj jdmdssery _dpiemd whdj jdmdssery
Bptlbjei Bptlbjei
**) (LLLE/Q=) Bjiy eppilmeoid `br mbrrdmt `udi queilty, bthdrwlsd mhejcd dvdry ?47 hburs.
88
185?54<475.pa`
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Feljtdjejmd - Feljtdjejmd smhdauid Dvdry 5777 hburs b` bpdretlbj _d`dr tb thd mbjtdjts tb `lja thd pecd jufodr b` thd sdmtlbjs rd`drrda tb !
Wbs. Emtlbj lj `lc 57
Mbffdjt
Mhdmk thd `litdr didfdjt lj thd elr midejdr
?7 Mhdmk thd mbjaltlbj b` thd oettdrlds 5,? Mhejcd thd aldsdi djcljd bli eja bli `litdr *
_dpiemd whdj jdmdssery ]dd thd djcljd's ljstrumtlbj fejuei *) 477 h br bjmd dvdry 0 fbjths
Mhdmk thd djcljd odit arlvd systdf
_d`dr tb thd djcljd fejuei
=
_dpiemd`udi`litdr
_d`drtbthddjcljdfejuei
=
_dpiemd`udiprd`litdr
_d`drtbthddjcljdfejuei
50
Mhejcd thd bli lj thd arufs
54
Mhejcd thd bli lj thd aruf cders **
54
Mhejcd thd bli lj thd whddi cders
1
Mhejcd thd hyareuilm `iula `litdr
3
Mhdmk thd hyareuilm rdsdrvblr mbvdr/ordethdr
5<
Mhdmk thd ruoodr didfdjts eja obitda nbljts
58
Crdesd thd mhelr oderljc
??
_dpiemd thd elr midejdr `litdr lj thd meo
Bptlbjei
?5
Iuorlmetdthdplvbtoderljc
Bptlbjei
?75=-71-?=
**)5777h br bjmd e yder.
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Feljtdjejmd - Feljtdjejmd smhdauid Dvdry ?777 hburs b` bpdretlbj _d`dr tb thd mbjtdjts tb `lja thd pecd jufodr b` thd sdmtlbjs rd`drrda tb !
Wbs. lj `lc
Emtlbj
Mbffdjt
57
Mhdmk thd `litdr didfdjt lj thd elr midejdr
_dpiemd whdj jdmdssery
5,?
Mhejcd thd aldsdi djcljd bli eja bli `litdr *
]dd thd djcljd's ljstrumtlbj fejuei *) 477 h br bjmd dvdry 0 fbjths
Mhdmk thd djcljd odit arlvd systdf
_d`dr tb thd djcljd fejuei
Mhdmk thd djcljd veivd miderejmds
_d`dr tb thd djcljd fejuei
_dpiemd thd vdjtlietlbj `litdr lj thd mrejkmesd **
_d`dr tb djcljd fejuei **) bjiy eppilds tb LLLO/Q1l
=
_dpiemd`udi`litdr
_d`drtbthddjcljdfejuei
=
_dpiemd`udiprd`litdr
_d`drtbthddjcljdfejuei
55
Arelj eja midej thd `udi tejk
50
Mhejcd thd bli lj thd arufs
54
Mhejcd thd bli lj thd aruf cders ***
54
Mhejcd thd bli lj thd whddi cders
1 0
Mhejcd hyareuilm `iula `litdr Mhejcd thd hyareuilm `iula
5=
Arelj eja midej thd wetdr tejks
53
Mhdmk thd mbjaltlbj b` thd ertlmuietlbj
??
_dpiemdthdelrmidejdr`litdrlj thd meo
?=
Bvdrheuithdelrmbjaltlbjljc
Bptlbjei
?5
Iuorlmetdthdplvbtoderljc
Bptlbjei
<7
185?54<475.pa`
***)5777 h br dvdry 5? fbjths
Bptlbjei
?75=-71-?=
Feljtdjejmd, 57h Feljtdjejmd, 57h Werk thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd. Qhd djcljd fust od swltmhda b`` eja thd perkljc orekd emtlvetda whdj mhdmkljc br eanustljc thd rbiidr, ujidss bthdrwlsd spdml`lda.
Djsud thet thdrd ls cbba vdjtlietlbj (elr dxtremtlbj) l` thd djcljd ls ruj ljabbrs. _lsk b` merobj fbjbxlad pblsbjljc.
Aldsdi djcljd - Mhdmk bli idvdi ?
Qhd alpstlmk ls emmdssda thrbuch thd rlcht abbr b` thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt. Qekd merd jbt tb tbumh ejy hbt perts b` thd djcljd br thd realetbr whdj rdfbvljc thd alpstlmk. _lsk b` ourjs.
Qhd alpstlmk ls ibmetda abwj bj thd `rbjt b` thd djcljd. 5
@lc. Djcljd mbfpertfdjt 5. Alpstlmk ?. Bli `liidr mep
?75=-71-?=
Wuii but thd alpstlmk (5) eja mhdmk thet thd bli idvdi ls odtwddj thd uppdr eja ibwdr ferks. @br `urthdr adtelis, rd`dr tb thd djcljd's ljstrumtlbj fejuei.
185?54<475.pa`
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Feljtdjejmd, 57h
Mbbiejt idvdi - Mhdmk 5
Mhdmk thet thd mbbiejt idvdi ls odtwddj thd fex. eja flj. ferks (?). Bosdrvd crdet meutlbj l` thd mep hes tb od bpdjda whlid thd djcljd ls hbt. Sder prbtdmtlvd cibvds eja cbccids.
?
@lii wlth e flxturd b` 47% wetdr eja 47% ejtl `rddzd. ]dd thd iuorlmetlbj spdml`lmetlbj lj thdsd ljstrumtlbjs eja thd djcljd fejuei. @iush thd systdf dvdry bthdr yder eja mhejcd thd mbbiejt. Eisb mhdmk thet thd elr hes ujbostrumtda pessecd thrbuch thd rdsdrvblr.
@lc. Dxpejslbj tejk 5. @liidr mep ?. Idvdi ferks
@udi tejk - _d`udiljc
?
5
Jdvdr rd`udi whlid thd djcljd ls rujjljc. Ab jbt sfbkd eja evbla spliiljc `udi.
Qhd `liidr plpd eja tejk mep erd bj thd id`t slad b` thd `rbjt `refd. @lc. @udi tejk 5. Qejk mep ?. @liidr plpd
_d`udi thd tejk dvdry aey od`brd stertljc wbrk, br `lii thd tejk et dja b` wbrk. Tjsmrdw thd ibmkeoid tejk mep (5) eja `lii `udi up tb thd ibwdr dacd b` thd `liidr plpd. Qhd tejk hbias ?=7 iltdrs (07.3 cei) b` `udi. _d`dr tb thd djcljd fejuei `br lj`brfetlbj bj aldsdi cread.
185?54<475.pa`
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Feljtdjejmd, 57h
Hyareuilm rdsdrvblr - Mhdmk `iula idvdi
? Wiemd thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd eja mhdmk thet thd bli idvdi lj thd slcht ciess (5) ls odtwddj thd fex eja flj ferkljcs. Qbp up wlth thd typd b` hyareuilm `iula spdml`lda lj thd iuorlmejt spdml`lmetlbj, l` thd idvdi ls tbb 5
ibw.
@lcurd. Hyareuilm rdsdrvblr 5. Bli slcht ciess ?. @liidr mep
Setdr tejk, ]ta - @liiljc
Qhd `liidr mep ls bj thd rder id`t slad b` thd `rbjt `refd. 5
Qhd femhljd mej eisb od `lttda wlth rd`liiljc bj obth slads. Shdj qulmk-`liiljc bj e femhljd wlth twb `liiljc plpds, ibbsdj thd `liidr mep bj thd jbj`liiljc slad tb vdjtlietd thd wetdr tejk. Tjsmrdw thd tejk mep (5) eja `lii wlth midej wetdr. Ab jbt rdfbvd thd streljdr (?).
@lcurd. ]tejaera wetdr tejk 5. Qejk mep
@lii thd mdjtrei (stejaera) tejk, lt hbias <77 iltdrs (?=8 cei). Bjiy eaaltlvd> E sfeii efbujt b` djvlrbjfdjt-`rldjaiy ejtl`rddzd.
?75=-71-?=
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Feljtdjejmd, 57h
]prljkidr systdf/Aruf Mhdmk ]tert thd sprljkidr systdf eja fekd surd thet jbjd b` thd jbzzids (5) erd mibccda. L` jdmdssery, midej oibmkda jbzzids eja thd mbersd `litdr piemda oy thd wetdr pufp (?). ]dd jdxt sdmtlbj.
5
@lcurd. @rbjt aruf 5. Jbzzid
Midejljc thd mbersd `litdr 5
Qb midej thd mbersd `litdr (5) bpdj thd arelj mbmk (=) bj thd `litdr eja eiibw ejy alrt tb ruj but. L` jdmdssery mibsd thd mbmk (?) eja midej thd `litdr eja
?
`litdr hbusljc. Mhdmk thet thd ruoodr ceskdt lj thd `litdr hbusljc ls ljtemt. E`tdr ljspdmtljc eja midejljc, rdsdt eja stert thd systdf tb mhdmk thet lt wbrks.
0
1
=
4 @lcurd. Wufp systdf, `rbjt `refd rlcht slad 5. Mbersd `litdr ?. ]tbp mbmk =. Arelj mbmk krej, `litdr 1. Setdr pufp 4. Arelj mbmk 0. Dxtre pufp (bptlbjei)
<1
Qhdrd ls e arelj mbmk (4) lj thd spemd `br thd pufp systdf. Qhls mej od usda tb arelj thd tejk eja thd pufp systdf. Ej dxtre pufp (0) mej od ljsteiida lj mesd thd stejaera wetdr pufp stbps wbrkljc. ]dd sdmtlbj `br dfdrcdjmy wetdrljc. Qb arelj thd mbfpidtd sprljkidr systdf, sdd sdmtlbj `br Setdrljc systdf - Areljljc, ?,777 h.
185?54<475.pa`
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Feljtdjejmd, 57h ]prljkidr systdf/Aruf Midejljc b` sprljkidr jbzzid Alsfejtid thd oibmkda jbzzid oy heja.
5
Oibw thd jbzzid eja `ljd `litdr (5) midej usljc mbfprdssda elr. Eitdrjetlvdiy, `lt rdpiemdfdjt perts eja midej thd oibmkda perts ietdr bj.
?
@lcurd. Jbzzid 5. ]iddvd, jbzzid, `litdr ?. Wemkljc
Jbzzid
Mbibur
Ø(ff)
i/flj (?.7 oer)
cei/flj (17 psl)
]tejaera Bptlbj
ydiibw oiud
7.8 5.7
7.0= 5.77
7.?7 7.=5
Bptlbj
rda
5.?
5.?4
7.=<
Bptlbj
orbwj
5.=
5.0=
7.47
E`tdr ljspdmtljc eja merryljc but ejy jdmdssery midejljc, stert thd systdf eja mhdmk thet lt wbrks. Sder prbtdmtlvd cbccids whdj wbrkljc wlth mbfprdssda elr.
]prljkidr systdf/Shddis - Mhdmk 5
?
@lii thd rder tejk wlth dfuislbj `iula, d.c. wetdr flxda wlth ?% muttljc `iula. Mhdmk thet thd sprljkidr jbzzids (?) erd jbt oibmkda, eja l` jdmdssery midej thdf eja thd `litdr. ]dd ujadr ]prljkidr systdf/Aruf; Mhdmk Midejljc, `br adtelida ljstrumtlbjs. Ljspdmt thd tlrd trdeas `rbf tlfd tb tlfd tb djsurd thet jb espheit hes stumk tb thd tlrds. Qhls mej heppdj od`brd thd tlrds hevd werfda up. @iulas thet erd `ieffeoid br adtrlfdjtei tb thd djvlrbjfdjt fust jbt od usda lj thd dfuislbj tejk.
@lc. Shddi remk 5. _der wetdr tejk ?. ]prljkidr jbzzid
Qhd `bbtstdp ls emmdssloid whdj thd mbvdr ls `biada abwj. Qhd `bbtstdp ls `biada but oy il`tljc lt up eja thdj puiiljc lt but. Qb mibsd thd mbvdr thd `bbtstdp fust od `biada oemk.
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Feljtdjejmd, 57h Qhd `bbt stdp shbuia jbt od usda whlid bpdretljc, ls bjiy `br usecd bj e jbj-bpdretlvd femhljd.
]prljkidr systdf/Shddis - @rddzd rlsk =
5
Wrdvdjtlvd fdesurds whdj thdrd ls e rlsk b` `rddzljc.
Areljljc thd systdf. • Mibsd thd veivd • ]dperetd thd hbsd
?
• Bpdj thd mbersd `litdr • Ibbsdj thd ljtekd tb thd pufp oy fbvljc thd piestlm miefp tb thd id`t eja puiiljc thd whltd piestlm eaeptdr `rbf thd pufp hbusljc.
@lc. Shddi remk 5. _der wetdr tejk ?. ]prljkidr jbzzid =. ]prljkidr systdf
• Bpdj thd veivds lj thd djas b` thd sprljkidr refps. • Eiibw thd `iula tb ruj but eja ruj thd sprljkidr pufp `br eobut 57 sdmbjas.
Qhd tejk mej od areljda oy bpdjljc thd veivd oy thd alvladr hbsd.
@rddzd prbtdmtlbj @rddzd prbtdmtlbj mej eisb od emhldvda oy mbjjdmtljc e sdperetd mbjteljdr, e`tdr alvlaljc thd hbsd, wlth wetdr flxda wlth ciymbi eja rujjljc epprbx. ? iltdrs lj thd systdf.
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Feljtdjejmd, 57h
Dfdrcdjmy wetdrljc (Emmdssbry) - Dxtre pufp lj pufp systdf L` thd wetdr pufp stbps, ej dxtre pufp wlii kddp thd sprljkidr systdf lj bpdretlbj. Mbjjdmt thd didmtrlm meoid eja wetdr hbsds tb thd dxtre pufp ljstdea b` thd stejaera pufp. Qhd wetdr tb hbsds erd mbjjdmtda tb thd pufp wlth qulmk mbupiljcs slfpil`y areljljc eja whdrd epprbprletd rdpiemdfdjt tb e rdsdrvd pufp (bptlbj). 5 @lcurd. Wejdi bj rlcht slad b` `rbjt `refd 5. Dxtre pufp
]mrepdrs, sprljc-emtlbj Mhdmk Fekd surd thet thd smrepdrs erd ujaefecda. _didesd wlth thd erf (5). Ibbsdj thd smrdws (=) tb eanust thd smrepdr oiead up br abwj.
? = 5 @lcurd. Butdr smrepdrs 5. _didesd erf ?. ]mrepdr oiead =. Eanustljc smrdw
Espheit rdfjejts mej emmufuietd bj thd smrepdr eja e``dmt thd mbjtemt `brmd. Midej whdj jdmdssery. Qhd smrepdrs fust od rdtremtda `rbf thd aruf aurljc trejspbrt arlvljc.
5 ? @lcurd. Ljjdr smrepdrs 5. _didesd erf ?. Il`tljc hejaid
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Feljtdjejmd, 57h ]mrepdrs ]dttljc - Eanustfdjt ?
_didesd thd rdteljljc ujlt (5) `br thd smrepdr oremkdt eja ujsmrdw thd eanustljc smrdw (?) tb rdidesd. Wush lj thd smrepdr oremkdt eja tlchtdj. Eanust thd smrdw (?) sb thet thd smrepdr oiead ilds epprbx. ? ff (7.78 lj) `rbf thd aruf bj thd sefd slad es thd smrdw. 5
Eanust thd smrepdr oremkdt lj br but bj thd bthdr slad sb thet thdrd ls ej dquei cep odtwddj thd smrepdr oiead eja aruf, eja tlchtdj thd rdteljljc ujlt (5).
5-? ff (7.71-7.78 lj)
?
=
Qhd eanustljc smrdw (?) ls eanustda ujtli thd smrepdr oiead hes e cep b` epprbx. 5 ff (7.71 lj) tb thd rbiidr, br ilds ibbsdiy bj thd rbiidr, eibjc lts djtlrd idjcth. Qlchtdj thd ibmk jut (=).
@lcurd. ]mrepdr sdttljc 5. _dteljljc ujlt ?. Eanustljc smrdw =. Ibmk jut
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Feljtdjejmd, 57h Shddi smrepdrs Mbjtrbi - Eanustfdjt
=
Fekd surd thet thd smrepdrs erd ujaefecda. Eanust thd smrepdrs sb thet thdy erd 5-? ff `rbf thd tlrds. @br spdmlei espheit mbfpbujas lt mej od odttdr l` thd smrepdr oieads (5) erd bjiy lj ilcht mbjtemt wlth thd tlrds. Qhd mbjtemt ls eanustda wlth thd smrdw bj thd oemk b` thd smrepdr oremkdt.
? 5 5-? ff @lc. Shddi smrepdrs 5. ]mrepdr oieads ?. Ibmkljc hbbk =. Eanustljc smrdw
?
Qhd smrepdrs fust hejc `rdd `rbf thd tlrds aurljc trejspbrtetlbj. Il`t up thd smrepdr oieads (5) eja fekd surd thet thdy erd ibmkda lj relsda pbsltlbj oy thd ibbkljc hbbks. Qb ibwdr abwj thd smrepdrs, il`t thd smrepdr silchtiy whlid prdssljc lj thd ibmkljc hbbk.
5 @lc. Shddi smrepdrs 5. ]mrepdr oieads ?. Ibmkljc hbbk
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Feljtdjejmd, 57h _dfbvljc thd smepdrs Qhd smrepdrs mej desliy od rdfbvda `br midejljc eja ljspdmtlbj. _didesd thd ljjdr plj bj thd hbbk-up exid, crlp thd butdr plj eja puii thd exid strelcht but. Qhd smrepdrs fust od hbbkda lj thd rdidesd ibmkljc hbbk tb evbla rlskljc thet thdy arbp abwj tb thd crbuja. Shdj rd`lttljc e`tdr ljspdmtlbj dtm., thd smrepdr fust `lrst od hbbkda lj thd ibmkljc hbbk od`brd thd hbbk-up exid ls put lj pbsltlbj. _d`lt thd ljjdr plj eja fekd surd thet thd ruoodr mbetda wlrd mbfds bvdr thd smrepdr ettemhfdjt.
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Feljtdjejmd - 47h Feljtdjejmd - 47h Werk thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd. Qhd djcljd fust od swltmhda b`` eja thd perkljc orekd emtlvetda whdj mhdmkljc br eanustljc thd rbiidr, ujidss bthdrwlsd spdml`lda.
Djsud thet thdrd ls cbba vdjtlietlbj (elr dxtremtlbj) l` thd djcljd ls ruj ljabbrs. _lsk b` merobj fbjbxlad pblsbjljc.
Aruf cder - Mhdmkljc thd bli idvdi
Slpd midej thd erde erbuja thd idvdi piuc (5) eja thdj ujab thd piuc.
?
Djsurd thet thd bli idvdi rdemhds up tb thd ibwdr dacd b` thd piuc hbid. _dpidjlsh thd bli tb thd rlcht idvdi l` thd idvdi ls ibw. Tsd trejsflsslbj bli, sdd iuorlmejt spdml`lmetlbjs. 5
Lt fey od jdmdssery tb rdfbvd thd spdda sdjsbr whdj `liiljc thd `rbjt aruf. Midej eja rd`lt thd piucs.
@lc. Bli idvdi mhdmk - aruf cder 5. Idvdi piuc ?. @liiljc piuc
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@udi `litdr - Areljljc
Tjsmrdw thd arelj piuc (5) et thd obttbf b` thd `udi `litdr. ? 5
Slth thd ela b` thd sdmbjaery heja-bpdretda pufp, fekd mdrtelj thet eii sdalfdjt mbfds but. ]dd Muffljs sdrvlmd fejuei.
Qlchtdj thd arelj piuc es sbbj es ujmbjtefljetda `udi rujs but. @lcurd. @udi `litdr 5. Arelj piuc ?. Heja pufp
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Feljtdjejmd - 47h
Qlrds - Qlrd prdssurd
Mhdmk thd tlrd prdssurd wlth e prdssurd ceucd. Fekd surd thet thd tlrds hevd thd sefd prdssurd. _dmbffdjada prdssurd> ]dd Qdmhjlmei ]pdml`lmetlbjs. Qhd `lcurd shbws thd pbsltlbj b` thd elr veivd bj thd butdr tlrds.
5 @lc. Butdr whddis 5. Elr veivd
Qhd `lcurd shbws thd pbsltlbj b` thd elr veivd bj thd ljjdr tlrds. Mhdmk thd ]e`dty Fejuei thet emmbfpejlds thd rbiidr od`brd `liiljc thd tlrds wlth elr.
@lc. Ljjdr whddis 5. Elr veivd
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Feljtdjejmd - 47h
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Feljtdjejmd - ?47 / 347 / 5?47 / 5347h Feljtdjejmd - ?47 / 347 / 5?47 / 5347h Werk thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd. Qhd djcljd fust od swltmhda b`` eja thd perkljc orekd emtlvetda whdj mhdmkljc br eanustljc thd rbiidr, ujidss bthdrwlsd spdml`lda.
Djsud thet thdrd ls cbba vdjtlietlbj (elr dxtremtlbj) l` thd djcljd ls ruj ljabbrs. _lsk b` merobj fbjbxlad pblsbjljc.
Hyareuilm `iula mbbidr Mhdmkljc - Midejljc Qhd wetdr eja hyareuilm `iula mbbidrs erd emmdssloid whdj thd mbbidr crlii (1) ls rdfbvda. Fekd surd thet thd elr `ibw thrbuch thd mbbidr ls ujbostrumtda. Alrty mbbidrs erd oibwj midej wlth mbfprdssda elr br weshda midej usljc e hlch-prdssurd wetdr midejdr. Qekd merd whdj usljc e hlch-prdssurd wetdr ndt. Ab jbt hbia thd jbzzid tbb jder thd mbbidr. =
5
@lcurd. Mbbidr 5. Mhercd elr mbbidr ?. Setdr mbbidr =. Hyareuilm `iula mbbidr 1. Mbbidr crlii
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1
?
Sder prbtdmtlvd cbccids whdj wbrkljc wlth mbfprdssda elr br hlch-prdssurd wetdr ndts.
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Feljtdjejmd - ?47 / 347 / 5?47 / 5347h
Oettdry - Mhdmk mbjaltlbj Qhd oettdrlds erd sdeida eja feljtdjejmd-`rdd. Fekd surd thdrd ls jb bpdj `iefd lj thd vlmljlty whdj mhdmkljc thd didmtrbiytd idvdi. Dxpibslvd ces ls `brfda whdj thd eitdrjetbr mhercds thd oettdry. @lcurd. Oettdrlds
Shdj alsmbjjdmtljc thd oettdry, eiweys alsmbjjdmt thd jdcetlvd meoid `lrst. Shdj mbjjdmtljc thd oettdry, eiweys mbjjdmt thd pbsltlvd meoid `lrst.
Qhd meoid shbds shbuia od midej eja tlchtdjda. Mbrrbada meoid shbds shbuia od midejda eja crdesda wlth emla-prbb` Pesdiljd. Slpd thd tbp b` thd oettdry.
Elr mbjaltlbjljc (Bptlbjei) - Ljspdmtlbj 5
?
Ljspdmt rd`rlcdrejt hbsds eja mbjjdmtlbjs eja fekd surd thet thdrd erd jb slcjs b` ej bli `lif thet mej ljalmetd e rd`rlcdrejt idekecd. L` thdrd ls e slcjl`mejt ibss b` mbbiljc mepemlty, midej thd mbjadjsbr didfdjt (?) bj thd rder dacd b` thd meo rbb`.
=
@lc. Elr mbjaltlbjljc 5. _d`rlcdrejt hbsds ?. Mbjadjsbr didfdjt =. Aryljc `litdr
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Feljtdjejmd - ?47 / 347 / 5?47 / 5347h Elr mbjaltlbjljc (Bptlbjei) Aryljc `litdr - Ljspdmtlbj Slth thd ujlt lj bpdretlbj, mhdmk usljc thd slcht ciess (5) thet ouooids erd jbt vlsloid bj thd aryljc `litdr.
?
5
@lcurd. Aryljc `litdr 5. ]lcht ciess ?. @litdr hbiadr
Werk thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd, mhbmk thd whddis eja emtlvetd thd perkljc orekd.
Qhd `litdr ls piemda et thd tbp b` thd rder pert b` thd meo rbb`. L` ouooids erd vlsloid thrbuch thd slcht ciess, thls ljalmetds thet thd rd`rlcdrejt idvdi ls tbb ibw. ]tbp thd ujlt tb evbla rlskljc aefecd. @lii up wlth rd`rlcdrejt. Qhd rd`rlcdrejt mlrmult ls bjiy tb od wbrkda bj oy euthbrlzda mbfpejlds.
Dacd muttdr (Bptlbjei) - Iuorlmetlbj _d`dr tb thd bpdretlbj sdmtlbj `br lj`brfetlbj bj
?
hbw tb bpdretd thd dacd muttdr.
5
Crdesd thd twb pbljts es shbwj lj thd `lcurd. Crdesd shbuia eiweys od usda `br iuorlmetlbj, sdd thd iuorlmejt spdml`lmetlbjs.
@lcurd. Qwb crdesd pbljts `br iuorlmetljc thd dacd muttdr
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Crdesd eii oderljc pbljts wlth `lvd strbkds b` e heja-bpdretda crdesd cuj.
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Feljtdjejmd - ?47 / 347 / 5?47 / 5347h
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Feljtdjejmd - 477 / 5477h Feljtdjejmd - 477 / 5477h Werk thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd. Qhd djcljd fust od swltmhda b`` eja thd perkljc orekd emtlvetda whdj mhdmkljc br eanustljc thd rbiidr, ujidss bthdrwlsd spdml`lda.
Djsud thet thdrd ls cbba vdjtlietlbj (elr dxtremtlbj) l` thd djcljd ls ruj ljabbrs. _lsk b` merobj fbjbxlad pblsbjljc.
Hyareuilm `iula mbbidr Mhdmkljc - Midejljc Qhd wetdr eja hyareuilm `iula mbbidrs erd emmdssloid whdj thd mbbidr crlii (1) ls rdfbvda. Fekd surd thet thd elr `ibw thrbuch thd mbbidr ls ujbostrumtda. Alrty mbbidrs erd oibwj midej wlth mbfprdssda elr br weshda midej usljc e hlch-prdssurd wetdr midejdr. Qekd merd whdj usljc e hlch-prdssurd wetdr ndt. Ab jbt hbia thd jbzzid tbb jder thd mbbidr. =
5
@lcurd. Mbbidr 5. Mhercd elr mbbidr ?. Setdr mbbidr =. Hyareuilm `iula mbbidr 1. Mbbidr crlii
1
?
Sder prbtdmtlvd cbccids whdj wbrkljc wlth mbfprdssda elr br hlch-prdssurd wetdr ndts.
Elr midejdr Mhdmkljc - Mhejcd thd felj elr `litdr
Mhejcd thd elr midejdr's felj `litdr whdj thd werjljc iefp bj thd alspiey ilchts whdj thd aldsdi djcljd ls bpdretljc et `uii spdda.
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Feljtdjejmd - 477 / 5477h ?
=
_didesd thd milps (5), puii b`` thd mbvdr (?), eja puii but thd felj `litdr (=). Ab jbt rdfbvd thd oemkup `litdr (1). Midej thd elr midejdr l` jdmdssery, sdd sdmtlbj Elr midejdr - Midejljc.
0
5
@lc. Elr midejdr 5. Milps ?. Mbvdr =. Felj `litdr 1. Oemkup `litdr 4. @litdr hbusljc 0. Aust veivd
1
4
Shdj rdpiemljc thd felj `litdr (=), ljsdrt e jdw `litdr eja rd`lt thd elr midejdr lj thd rdvdrsd bradr. Mhdmk thd mbjaltlbj b` thd aust veivd (0); rdpiemd l` jdmdssery. Shdj rd`lttljc thd mbvdr, fekd surd thet thd aust veivd ls pbsltlbjda abwjweras.
Oemkup `litdr - Mhejcd
5
Mhejcd thd oemkup `litdr wlth e jdw `litdr e`tdr dvdry sdmbja rdpiemdfdjt b` thd felj `litdr. Qb mhejcd thd oemkup `litdr (5), puii thd bia `litdr but b` lts hbiadr, ljsdrt e jdw `litdr eja rdessdfoid thd elr midejdr lj thd rdvdrsd bradr. Midej thd elr midejdr l` jdmdssery, sdd sdmtlbj Elr midejdr - Midejljc.
@lc. Elr `litdr 5. Oemkup `litdr
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Elr midejdr - Midejljc Slpd midej bj obth slads b` thd butidt plpd.
Slpd midej thd ljslad b` thd mbvdr (?) eja thd `litdr hbusljc (4). ]dd thd prdvlbus liiustretlbj.
Slpd eisb obth sur`emds `br thd butidt plpd; sdd eanemdjt `lcurd. Ljjdr dacd b` butidt plpd.
Butdr dacd b` butidt plpd.
Mhdmk thet thd hbsd miefps odtwddj thd `litdr hbusljc eja thd sumtlbj hbsd erd tlcht eja thet thd hbsds erd ljtemt. Ljspdmt thd djtlrd hbsd systdf, eii thd wey tb thd djcljd.
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Feljtdjejmd - 477 / 5477h
Aldsdi djcljd Bli mhejcd Qhd djcljd's bli arelj piuc ls ibmetda ujadr thd rder `refd bj thd femhljd bj thd rlcht slad.Qhd arelj piuc ls emmdssda oy `lrst rdfbvljc thd ruoodr piuc bj thd ujadrslad b` thd `refd. Arelj thd bli whdj thd djcljd ls werf. Wiemd e rdmdptemid thet hbias et idest 51 iltdrs (54 qts) ujadr thd arelj piucs. Qekd crdet merd whdj areljljc djcljd bli. Sder prbtdmtlvd cibvds eja cbccids.
5
Tjsmrdw thd arelj piuc (5). Eiibw eii thd bli tb arelj but eja rd`lt thd piuc. Adilvdr thd arelj bli `br djvlrbjfdjteiiy mbrrdmt hejailjc.
@lcurd. Tjadrslad b` rder `refd 5. Bli areljljc b` aldsdi djcljd
@lii wlth `rdsh djcljd bli, sdd Iuorlmejt spdml`lmetlbj br thd djcljd fejuei `br thd mbrrdmt cread b` bli. @lii wlth thd rdqulsltd vbiufd b` djcljd bli. ]dd tdmhjlmei stertljc thd eja femhljd. Eiibw thd spdml`lmetlbjs djcljd tb laid od`brd `br e `dw fljutds, thdj swltmh b`` thd djcljd. Mhdmk thd alpstlmk tb djsurd thet thd djcljd bli idvdi ls mbrrdmt. _d`dr tb thd djcljd fejuei `br adtelis. Qbp up wlth bli l` jdmdssery tb thd fex ferk bj thd alpstlmk.
Djcljd _dpiemljc bli `litdr
Qhd bli `litdr (5) ls ibmetda et thd oemk bj thd djcljd eja mej desliy od emmdssda oy rdfbvljc thd sdrvlmd pejdi bj thd rlcht slad odtwddj thd rder `refd eja aruf. 5 ?
]dd thd djcljd fejuei `br lj`brfetlbj eobut rdpiemljc thd `litdr.
@lcurd. Djcljd mbfpertfdjt, rlcht slad 5. Bli `litdr ?. ]drvlmd pejdi
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Qhd djcljd `udi `litdr - rdpiemdfdjt/midejljc
Qhd `udi `litdr ls piemda bj thd id`t slad b` thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt. 5
Tjsmrdw thd obttbf eja arelj b`` ejy wetdr, eja thdj rdpiemd thd `litdr ujlt.
@lcurd. Djcljd mbfpertfdjt, id`t slad 5. Wrd`litdr
_dpiemd thd `udi `litdr, ibmetda bj thd rlcht slad b` thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt. ]tert thd djcljd eja mhdmk thet thd `litdr ls wdii sdeida. 5
@lcurd. Djcljd mbfpertfdjt, rlcht slad. 5. @udi `litdr
Aruf - bli idvdi Ljspdmtlbj - `liiljc Wbsltlbj thd rbiidr wlth thd `liidr piuc (5), thd iercd piuc, et thd hlchdst pbljt lj lts rbtetlbj. 5
Slpd midej erbuja thd idvdi piuc (?), thd sfeii piuc, eja rdfbvd thd piuc. Fekd surd thet thd bli idvdi ls up tb thd ibwdr dacd b` thd hbid. Qbp b`` wlth `rdsh bli l` thd idvdi ls ibw. Tsd bli es spdml`lda lj thd iuorlmejts spdml`lmetlbj.
?
@lc. Aruf, vloretlbj slad 5. @liidr piuc ?. Idvdi piuc
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Shdj rdfbvljc thd `liidr piuc, wlpd ejy fdtei emmufuietda bj thd piuc fecjdt b``. Fekd surd thet piuc sdeis erd ljtemt eja rdpiemd wlth jdw sdeis l` jbt. _d`lt thd piucs eja mhdmk thet thdy erd tlcht oy arlvljc thd rbiidr eja thdj rdmhdmkljc.
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Feljtdjejmd - 477 / 5477h _uoodr didfdjts eja ettemhfdjt smrdws Mhdmk
5
Mhdmk eii ruoodr didfdjts (5). _dpiemd eii didfdjts l` ?4% br fbrd thej ?4% b` thd jufodr bj bjd slad b` thd aruf hevd mremks addpdr thej 57-54 ff (7.1-7.0 lj). Mhdmk usljc e kjl`d oiead br pbljtda bondmt. Mhdmk eisb thet thd ettemhfdjt smrdws (?) erd
?
tlchtdjda.
@lc. Aruf, vloretlbj slad 5. _uoodr didfdjt ?. Ettemhfdjt smrdws
]det oderljc - Iuorlmetlbj 4
Kddp lj flja thet thd mhelj ls e vltei pert b` thd stddrljc fdmhejlsf. 0
?
1
=
Midej eja crdesd thd mhelj (=) odtwddj thd sdet eja thd stddrljc mbiufj.
5
Eisb crdesd thd sdet silad relis (0).
3 @lcurd. ]det oderljc 5. Crdesd jlppid ?. Cderwhddi =. ]tddrljc mhelj 1. Eanustljc smrdw 4. Mbvdr 0. ]ilad relis 3. Ferkljc
551
_dfbvd thd mbvdr (4) tb emmdss thd iuorlmetlbj jlppid (5). Iuorlmetd thd bpdretbr sdet sidw oderljc wlth thrdd strbkds b` e heja-bpdretda crdesd cuj.
L` thd mhelj ls siemk bj thd sprbmkdt (?), ibbsdj thd smrdws (1) eja fbvd thd stddrljc mbiufj `brwera. Qlchtdj thd smrdws eja mhdmk mhelj tdjslbj. Jb jbt tdjslbj thd mhelj tbb tlchtiy. Lt shbuia od pbssloid tb fbvd thd mhelj eobut 57 ff (7.1 lj) tb thd slad wlth e `brd`ljcdr/thufo et thd ferkljc (3) lj sdet `refd. @lt thd mhelj ibmk et thd obttbf. L` thd sdet sterts tb od stl`` whdj eanustljc, lt shbuia od iuorlmetda fbrd b`tdj thej spdml`lda hdrd.
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Feljtdjejmd - 5777h Feljtdjejmd - 5777h Werk thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd. Qhd djcljd fust od swltmhda b`` eja thd perkljc orekd emtlvetda whdj mhdmkljc br eanustljc thd rbiidr, ujidss bthdrwlsd spdml`lda.
Djsud thet thdrd ls cbba vdjtlietlbj (elr dxtremtlbj) l` thd djcljd ls ruj ljabbrs. _lsk b` merobj fbjbxlad pblsbjljc.
Elr midejdr Mhdmkljc - Mhejcd thd felj elr `litdr Mhejcd thd elr midejdr's felj `litdr whdj thd werjljc iefp bj thd alspiey ilchts whdj thd aldsdi djcljd ls bpdretljc et `uii spdda.
?
=
_didesd thd milps (5), puii b`` thd mbvdr (?), eja puii but thd felj `litdr (=). Ab jbt rdfbvd thd oemkup `litdr (1). Midej thd elr midejdr l` jdmdssery, sdd sdmtlbj Elr midejdr - Midejljc.
0
5
@lc. Elr midejdr 5. Milps ?. Mbvdr =. Felj `litdr 1. Oemkup `litdr 4. @litdr hbusljc 0. Aust veivd
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1
4
Shdj rdpiemljc thd felj `litdr (=), ljsdrt e jdw `litdr eja rd`lt thd elr midejdr lj thd rdvdrsd bradr. Mhdmk thd mbjaltlbj b` thd aust veivd (0); rdpiemd l` jdmdssery. Shdj rd`lttljc thd mbvdr, fekd surd thet thd aust veivd ls pbsltlbjda abwjweras.
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Feljtdjejmd - 5777h
Oemkup `litdr - Mhejcd
5
Mhejcd thd oemkup `litdr wlth e jdw `litdr e`tdr dvdry sdmbja rdpiemdfdjt b` thd felj `litdr. Qb mhejcd thd oemkup `litdr (5), puii thd bia `litdr but b` lts hbiadr, ljsdrt e jdw `litdr eja rdessdfoid thd elr midejdr lj thd rdvdrsd bradr. Midej thd elr midejdr l` jdmdssery, sdd sdmtlbj Elr midejdr - Midejljc.
@lc. Elr `litdr 5. Oemkup `litdr
Elr midejdr - Midejljc Slpd midej bj obth slads b` thd butidt plpd.
Slpd midej thd ljslad b` thd mbvdr (?) eja thd `litdr hbusljc (4). ]dd thd prdvlbus liiustretlbj.
Slpd eisb obth sur`emds `br thd butidt plpd; sdd eanemdjt `lcurd. Ljjdr dacd b` butidt plpd.
Butdr dacd b` butidt plpd.
Mhdmk thet thd hbsd miefps odtwddj thd `litdr hbusljc eja thd sumtlbj hbsd erd tlcht eja thet thd hbsds erd ljtemt. Ljspdmt thd djtlrd hbsd systdf, eii thd wey tb thd djcljd.
550
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Feljtdjejmd - 5777h
Aldsdi djcljd Bli mhejcd Qhd djcljd's bli arelj piuc ls ibmetda ujadr thd rder `refd bj thd femhljd bj thd rlcht slad.Qhd arelj piuc ls emmdssda oy `lrst rdfbvljc thd ruoodr piuc bj thd ujadrslad b` thd `refd. Arelj thd bli whdj thd djcljd ls werf. Wiemd e rdmdptemid thet hbias et idest 51 iltdrs (54 qts) ujadr thd arelj piucs. Qekd crdet merd whdj areljljc djcljd bli. Sder prbtdmtlvd cibvds eja cbccids.
5
Tjsmrdw thd arelj piuc (5). Eiibw eii thd bli tb arelj but eja rd`lt thd piuc. Adilvdr thd arelj bli `br djvlrbjfdjteiiy mbrrdmt hejailjc.
@lcurd. Tjadrslad b` rder `refd 5. Bli areljljc b` aldsdi djcljd
@lii wlth `rdsh djcljd bli, sdd Iuorlmejt spdml`lmetlbj br thd djcljd fejuei `br thd mbrrdmt cread b` bli. @lii wlth thd rdqulsltd vbiufd b` djcljd bli. ]dd tdmhjlmei stertljc thd eja femhljd. Eiibw thd spdml`lmetlbjs djcljd tb laid od`brd `br e `dw fljutds, thdj swltmh b`` thd djcljd. Mhdmk thd alpstlmk tb djsurd thet thd djcljd bli idvdi ls mbrrdmt. _d`dr tb thd djcljd fejuei `br adtelis. Qbp up wlth bli l` jdmdssery tb thd fex ferk bj thd alpstlmk.
Djcljd _dpiemljc bli `litdr
Qhd bli `litdr (5) ls ibmetda et thd oemk bj thd djcljd eja mej desliy od emmdssda oy rdfbvljc thd sdrvlmd pejdi bj thd rlcht slad odtwddj thd rder `refd eja aruf. 5 ?
]dd thd djcljd fejuei `br lj`brfetlbj eobut rdpiemljc thd `litdr.
@lcurd. Djcljd mbfpertfdjt, rlcht slad 5. Bli `litdr ?. ]drvlmd pejdi
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Feljtdjejmd - 5777h
Qhd djcljd `udi `litdr - rdpiemdfdjt/midejljc
Qhd `udi `litdr ls piemda bj thd id`t slad b` thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt. 5
Tjsmrdw thd obttbf eja arelj b`` ejy wetdr, eja thdj rdpiemd thd `litdr ujlt.
@lcurd. Djcljd mbfpertfdjt, id`t slad 5. Wrd`litdr
_dpiemd thd `udi `litdr, ibmetda bj thd rlcht slad b` thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt. ]tert thd djcljd eja mhdmk thet thd `litdr ls wdii sdeida. 5
@lcurd. Djcljd mbfpertfdjt, rlcht slad. 5. @udi `litdr
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Feljtdjejmd - 5777h
Aruf - Bli mhejcd Qekd crdet merd whdj areljljc thd `iula. Sder prbtdmtlvd cibvds eja cbccids.
]dt thd rbiidr sb thet thd arelj piuc (5), thd iercd piuc, ls et thd ibwdst pbsltlbj lj lts rbtetlbj. Wiemd e rdmdptemid thet hbias et idest ?7 iltdrs (4.= cei) ujadr thd arelj piuc.
5
_dfbvd thd arelj piuc (5). Eiibw eii thd bli tb arelj but eja rd`lt thd piuc. Adilvdr thd arelj bli tb djvlrbjfdjteiiy mbrrdmt hejailjc.
@lc. Aruf, vloretlbj slad 5. Arelj piuc
]dd ujadr thd hdealjc 'Dvdry 477 hburs b` bpdretlbj' `br `liiljc bli.
Aruf cder - Bli mhejcd Wiemd thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd. Slpd midej, ujsmrdw thd piucs (5, ?) eja arelj thd bli ljtb e sulteoid rdmdptemid, mepemlty eobut ? iltdrs (7.4 cei.). ? ? 5
@lc. Aruf cder
5 @lc. Aruf cder 5. Arelj piuc ?. Pdjtlietljc piuc
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Feljtdjejmd - 5777h Aruf cder - Mhdmkljc thd bli idvdi Fbvd thd femhljd ujtli thd ljspdmtlbj/`liiljc hbids erd lj pbsltlbj `br `liiljc. ?
? 5 @lc. Aruf cder
5
@lii wlth thd rdqulsltd vbiufd b` jdw bli. ]dd tdmhjlmei spdml`lmetlbjs. Tsd trejsflsslbj bli, sdd iuorlmejt spdml`lmetlbjs.
@lc. Bli idvdi mhdmk - aruf cder 5. Idvdi piuc ?. @liiljc piuc
Djsurd thet thd bli idvdi rdemhds up tb thd ibwdr dacd b` thd piuc hbid. Midej eja rd`lt thd piucs.
Shddi cder - Bli mhejcd
Wiemd thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd. Fbvd thd femhljd ujtli thd arelj/ordethljc hbids erd lj pbsltlbj `br `liiljc. Slpd midej, ujsmrdw thd piucs (5, ?) eja arelj thd bli ljtb e sulteoid rdmdptemid, mepemlty eobut ? iltdrs (7.4 cei.).
@lc. Shddi cder
? ?
5 5
@lc. Shddi cder 5. Arelj piuc ?. Pdjtlietljc piuc
5?7
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Feljtdjejmd - 5777h Shddi cder - Mhdmkljc thd bli idvdi/@liiljc thd bli Wiemd thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd. Fbvd thd femhljd ujtli thd ljspdmtlbj/`liiljc hbids erd lj pbsltlbj `br `liiljc. ?
@lc. Shddi cder
5
5 @lc. Bli idvdi mhdmk - whddi cder 5. Idvdi piuc ?. @liiljc piuc
? _d`lii wlth jdw bli, eobut 7.8 i (7.84 qts). Tsd trejsflsslbj bli emmbraljc tb thd iuorlmejt spdml`lmetlbj. Djsurd thet thd bli idvdi rdemhds up tb thd ibwdr dacd b` thd piuc hbid. Midej eja rd`lt thd piucs.
Hyareuilm `litdr Mhejcd _dfbvd thd `litdr (5) eja adilvdr tb spdmlei westd hejailjc. Qhls ls e sljcid-usd `litdr eja mejjbt od midejda.
Qhbrbuchiy midej thd `litdr hbiadr sdeiljc sur`emd. Eppiy e thlj mbet b` `rdsh hyareuilm `iula tb thd ruoodr ceskdt bj thd jdw `litdr. ]mrdw thd `litdr bj oy heja, `lrstiy ujtli thd `litdr ceskdt fekds mbjtemt wlth thd `litdr oesd. Qhdj rbtetd e `urthdr ¶ turj. 5 @lcurd. Djcljd mbfpertfdjt, id`t 5. Hyareuilm `iula `litdr
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Feljtdjejmd - 5777h
?
Mhdmk thd hyareuilm `iula idvdi lj thd slcht ciess (=) eja tbp b`` es rdqulrda. ]dd ujadr thd hdealjc 'Dvdry 57 hburs b` bpdretlbj' `br fbrd lj`brfetlbj. ]tert thd djcljd eja mhdmk thet thd `litdr abds jbt idek.
=
@lcurd. Hyareuilm tejk ?. Hyareuilm rdsdrvblr mep =. ]lcht ciess
Hyareuilm rdsdrvblr mep - Mhdmk
Qurj up thd femhljd sb thet thd tejk mep ls emmdssloid `rbf thd id`t slad b` thd femhljd. Tjsmrdw eja fekd surd thet thd rdsdrvblr mep ls jbt mibccda. Elr fust hevd ujbostrumtda pessecd thrbuch thd mep lj obth alrdmtlbjs. 5
@lcurd. _der `refd `rbjt id`t slad 5. Hyareuilm rdsdrvblr mep
5??
L` pessecd lj dlthdr alrdmtlbj ls oibmkda, midej thd `litdr wlth e ilttid aldsdi bli eja oibw thrbuch wlth mbfprdssda elr ujtli thd oibmk ls rdfbvda, br rdpiemd thd mep wlth e jdw bjd. Sder prbtdmtlvd cbccids whdj wbrkljc wlth mbfprdssda elr.
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Feljtdjejmd - 5777h _uoodr didfdjts eja ettemhfdjt smrdws Mhdmk
5
Mhdmk eii ruoodr didfdjts (5). _dpiemd eii didfdjts l` ?4% br fbrd thej ?4% b` thd jufodr bj bjd slad b` thd aruf hevd mremks addpdr thej 57-54 ff (7.1-7.0 lj). Mhdmk usljc e kjl`d oiead br pbljtda bondmt. Mhdmk eisb thet thd ettemhfdjt smrdws (?) erd
?
tlchtdjda.
@lc. Aruf, vloretlbj slad 5. _uoodr didfdjt ?. Ettemhfdjt smrdws
]det oderljc - Iuorlmetlbj 4
Kddp lj flja thet thd mhelj ls e vltei pert b` thd stddrljc fdmhejlsf. 0
?
1
=
Midej eja crdesd thd mhelj (=) odtwddj thd sdet eja thd stddrljc mbiufj.
5
Eisb crdesd thd sdet silad relis (0).
3 @lcurd. ]det oderljc 5. Crdesd jlppid ?. Cderwhddi =. ]tddrljc mhelj 1. Eanustljc smrdw 4. Mbvdr 0. ]ilad relis 3. Ferkljc
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_dfbvd thd mbvdr (4) tb emmdss thd iuorlmetlbj jlppid (5). Iuorlmetd thd bpdretbr sdet sidw oderljc wlth thrdd strbkds b` e heja-bpdretda crdesd cuj.
L` thd mhelj ls siemk bj thd sprbmkdt (?), ibbsdj thd smrdws (1) eja fbvd thd stddrljc mbiufj `brwera. Qlchtdj thd smrdws eja mhdmk mhelj tdjslbj. Jb jbt tdjslbj thd mhelj tbb tlchtiy. Lt shbuia od pbssloid tb fbvd thd mhelj eobut 57 ff (7.1 lj) tb thd slad wlth e `brd`ljcdr/thufo et thd ferkljc (3) lj sdet `refd. @lt thd mhelj ibmk et thd obttbf. L` thd sdet sterts tb od stl`` whdj eanustljc, lt shbuia od iuorlmetda fbrd b`tdj thej spdml`lda hdrd.
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Feljtdjejmd - 5777h
Meo @rdsh elr `litdr - _dpiemljc Qhdrd ls bjd `rdsh elr `litdr (5), piemda bj thd `rbjt b` thd meo. _dfbvd thd prbtdmtlvd mbvdr. Tjab thd smrdws (?) eja rdfbvd thd mbfpidtd hbiadr. ? ?
_dfbvd thd `litdr ljsdrt eja rdpiemd wlth e jdw `litdr. Qhd `litdr fey jdda tb od mhejcda fbrd b`tdj l` thd femhljd ls bpdretda lj e austy djvlrbjfdjt.
5
@lc. Meo, `rbjt 5. @rdsh elr `litdr (x5) ?. ]mrdw (x?)
Elr mbjaltlbjljc (Bptlbjei) - Bvdrheui _dcuier ljspdmtlbj eja feljtdjejmd ls jdmdssery tb djsurd setls`emtbry ibjc-tdrf bpdretlbj. Midej eii austelr. `rbf thd`rbf mbjadjsdr didfdjt (5) usljc mbfprdssda Oibw eobvd abwjweras. Qhd elr ndt mej aefecd thd didfdjt `iejcds l` lt ls tbb pbwdr`ui. ? @lcurd. Meo 5. Mbjadjsbr didfdjt ?. Aryljc `litdr
5 Sder prbtdmtlvd cbccids whdj wbrkljc wlth mbfprdssda elr.
Ljspdmt thd mbjadjsdr didfdjt ettemhfdjt. Mhdmk thd systdf hbsds `br mhe`ljc. Fekd surd thet areljecd `rbf thd mbbiljc ujlt ls ujbostrumtda sb thet mbjadjsetlbj abds jbt emmufuietd ljslad thd ujlt.
5?1
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Feljtdjejmd - 5777h Elr mbjaltlbjljc (Bptlbjei) Aryljc `litdr - Ljspdmtlbj Slth thd ujlt lj bpdretlbj, mhdmk usljc thd slcht ciess (5) thet ouooids erd jbt vlsloid bj thd aryljc `litdr.
?
@lcurd. Aryljc `litdr 5. ]lcht ciess ?. @litdr hbiadr
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5
Werk thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd, mhbmk thd whddis eja emtlvetd thd perkljc orekd.
Qhd `litdr ls piemda et thd tbp b` thd rder pert b` thd meo rbb`. L` ouooids erd vlsloid thrbuch thd slcht ciess, thls ljalmetds thet thd rd`rlcdrejt idvdi ls tbb ibw. ]tbp thd ujlt tb evbla rlskljc aefecd. @lii up wlth rd`rlcdrejt. Qhd rd`rlcdrejt mlrmult ls bjiy tb od wbrkda bj oy euthbrlzda mbfpejlds.
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Feljtdjejmd - 5777h
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Feljtdjejmd - ?777h Feljtdjejmd - ?777h Werk thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd. Qhd djcljd fust od swltmhda b`` eja thd perkljc orekd emtlvetda whdj mhdmkljc br eanustljc thd rbiidr, ujidss bthdrwlsd spdml`lda.
Djsud thet thdrd ls cbba vdjtlietlbj (elr dxtremtlbj) l` thd djcljd ls ruj ljabbrs. _lsk b` merobj fbjbxlad pblsbjljc.
Elr midejdr Mhdmkljc - Mhejcd thd felj elr `litdr Mhejcd thd elr midejdr's felj `litdr whdj thd werjljc iefp bj thd alspiey ilchts whdj thd aldsdi djcljd ls bpdretljc et `uii spdda.
?
=
_didesd thd milps (5), puii b`` thd mbvdr (?), eja puii but thd felj `litdr (=). Ab jbt rdfbvd thd oemkup `litdr (1). Midej thd elr midejdr l` jdmdssery, sdd sdmtlbj Elr midejdr - Midejljc.
0
5
@lc. Elr midejdr 5. Milps ?. Mbvdr =. Felj `litdr 1. Oemkup `litdr 4. @litdr hbusljc 0. Aust veivd
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1
4
Shdj rdpiemljc thd felj `litdr (=), ljsdrt e jdw `litdr eja rd`lt thd elr midejdr lj thd rdvdrsd bradr. Mhdmk thd mbjaltlbj b` thd aust veivd (0); rdpiemd l` jdmdssery. Shdj rd`lttljc thd mbvdr, fekd surd thet thd aust veivd ls pbsltlbjda abwjweras.
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Feljtdjejmd - ?777h
Oemkup `litdr - Mhejcd
5
Mhejcd thd oemkup `litdr wlth e jdw `litdr e`tdr dvdry sdmbja rdpiemdfdjt b` thd felj `litdr. Qb mhejcd thd oemkup `litdr (5), puii thd bia `litdr but b` lts hbiadr, ljsdrt e jdw `litdr eja rdessdfoid thd elr midejdr lj thd rdvdrsd bradr. Midej thd elr midejdr l` jdmdssery, sdd sdmtlbj Elr midejdr - Midejljc.
@lc. Elr `litdr 5. Oemkup `litdr
Elr midejdr - Midejljc Slpd midej bj obth slads b` thd butidt plpd.
Slpd midej thd ljslad b` thd mbvdr (?) eja thd `litdr hbusljc (4). ]dd thd prdvlbus liiustretlbj.
Slpd eisb obth sur`emds `br thd butidt plpd; sdd eanemdjt `lcurd. Ljjdr dacd b` butidt plpd.
Butdr dacd b` butidt plpd.
Mhdmk thet thd hbsd miefps odtwddj thd `litdr hbusljc eja thd sumtlbj hbsd erd tlcht eja thet thd hbsds erd ljtemt. Ljspdmt thd djtlrd hbsd systdf, eii thd wey tb thd djcljd.
5?8
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Feljtdjejmd - ?777h
Aldsdi djcljd Bli mhejcd Qhd djcljd's bli arelj piuc ls ibmetda ujadr thd rder `refd bj thd femhljd bj thd rlcht slad.Qhd arelj piuc ls emmdssda oy `lrst rdfbvljc thd ruoodr piuc bj thd ujadrslad b` thd `refd. Arelj thd bli whdj thd djcljd ls werf. Wiemd e rdmdptemid thet hbias et idest 51 iltdrs (54 qts) ujadr thd arelj piucs. Qekd crdet merd whdj areljljc djcljd bli. Sder prbtdmtlvd cibvds eja cbccids.
5
Tjsmrdw thd arelj piuc (5). Eiibw eii thd bli tb arelj but eja rd`lt thd piuc. Adilvdr thd arelj bli `br djvlrbjfdjteiiy mbrrdmt hejailjc.
@lcurd. Tjadrslad b` rder `refd 5. Bli areljljc b` aldsdi djcljd
@lii wlth `rdsh djcljd bli, sdd Iuorlmejt spdml`lmetlbj br thd djcljd fejuei `br thd mbrrdmt cread b` bli. @lii wlth thd rdqulsltd vbiufd b` djcljd bli. ]dd tdmhjlmei stertljc thd eja femhljd. Eiibw thd spdml`lmetlbjs djcljd tb laid od`brd `br e `dw fljutds, thdj swltmh b`` thd djcljd. Mhdmk thd alpstlmk tb djsurd thet thd djcljd bli idvdi ls mbrrdmt. _d`dr tb thd djcljd fejuei `br adtelis. Qbp up wlth bli l` jdmdssery tb thd fex ferk bj thd alpstlmk.
Djcljd _dpiemljc bli `litdr
Qhd bli `litdr (5) ls ibmetda et thd oemk bj thd djcljd eja mej desliy od emmdssda oy rdfbvljc thd sdrvlmd pejdi bj thd rlcht slad odtwddj thd rder `refd eja aruf. 5 ?
]dd thd djcljd fejuei `br lj`brfetlbj eobut rdpiemljc thd `litdr.
@lcurd. Djcljd mbfpertfdjt, rlcht slad 5. Bli `litdr ?. ]drvlmd pejdi
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Feljtdjejmd - ?777h
Qhd djcljd `udi `litdr - rdpiemdfdjt/midejljc
Qhd `udi `litdr ls piemda bj thd id`t slad b` thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt. 5
Tjsmrdw thd obttbf eja arelj b`` ejy wetdr, eja thdj rdpiemd thd `litdr ujlt.
@lcurd. Djcljd mbfpertfdjt, id`t slad 5. Wrd`litdr
_dpiemd thd `udi `litdr, ibmetda bj thd rlcht slad b` thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt. ]tert thd djcljd eja mhdmk thet thd `litdr ls wdii sdeida. 5
@lcurd. Djcljd mbfpertfdjt, rlcht slad. 5. @udi `litdr
@udi tejk - Midejljc 5
Lt ls desldst tb midej thd tejk whdj lt ls eifbst dfpty. E arelj piuc ls piemda ujadr thd id`t slad b` thd `rbjt `refd. Eitdrjetlvdiy arelj thd tejk wlth e sulteoid pufp, d.c. ej bli arelj pufp, tb orljc up ejy obttbf sdalfdjt. Mbiidmt thd `udi eja sdalfdjt lj e mbjteljdr eja adilvdr tb djvlrbjfdjteiiy mbrrdmt hejailjc.
@lc. @udi tejk 5. Bli arelj pufp
5=7
Kddp lj flja `lrd rlsk whdj hejailjc `udi.
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Feljtdjejmd - ?777h
Aruf - Bli mhejcd Qekd crdet merd whdj areljljc thd `iula. Sder prbtdmtlvd cibvds eja cbccids.
]dt thd rbiidr sb thet thd arelj piuc (5), thd iercd piuc, ls et thd ibwdst pbsltlbj lj lts rbtetlbj. Wiemd e rdmdptemid thet hbias et idest ?7 iltdrs (4.= cei) ujadr thd arelj piuc.
5
_dfbvd thd arelj piuc (5). Eiibw eii thd bli tb arelj but eja rd`lt thd piuc. Adilvdr thd arelj bli tb djvlrbjfdjteiiy mbrrdmt hejailjc.
@lc. Aruf, vloretlbj slad 5. Arelj piuc
]dd ujadr thd hdealjc 'Dvdry 477 hburs b` bpdretlbj' `br `liiljc bli.
Aruf cder - Bli mhejcd Wiemd thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd. Slpd midej, ujsmrdw thd piucs (5, ?) eja arelj thd bli ljtb e sulteoid rdmdptemid, mepemlty eobut ? iltdrs (7.4 cei.). ? ? 5
@lc. Aruf cder
5 @lc. Aruf cder 5. Arelj piuc ?. Pdjtlietljc piuc
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5=5
Feljtdjejmd - ?777h Aruf cder - Mhdmkljc thd bli idvdi Fbvd thd femhljd ujtli thd ljspdmtlbj/`liiljc hbids erd lj pbsltlbj `br `liiljc. ?
? 5 @lc. Aruf cder
5
@lii wlth thd rdqulsltd vbiufd b` jdw bli. ]dd tdmhjlmei spdml`lmetlbjs. Tsd trejsflsslbj bli, sdd iuorlmejt spdml`lmetlbjs.
@lc. Bli idvdi mhdmk - aruf cder 5. Idvdi piuc ?. @liiljc piuc
Djsurd thet thd bli idvdi rdemhds up tb thd ibwdr dacd b` thd piuc hbid. Midej eja rd`lt thd piucs.
Shddi cder - Bli mhejcd
Wiemd thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd. Fbvd thd femhljd ujtli thd arelj/ordethljc hbids erd lj pbsltlbj `br `liiljc. Slpd midej, ujsmrdw thd piucs (5, ?) eja arelj thd bli ljtb e sulteoid rdmdptemid, mepemlty eobut ? iltdrs (7.4 cei.).
@lc. Shddi cder
? ?
5 5
@lc. Shddi cder 5. Arelj piuc ?. Pdjtlietljc piuc
5=?
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Feljtdjejmd - ?777h Shddi cder - Mhdmkljc thd bli idvdi/@liiljc thd bli Wiemd thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd. Fbvd thd femhljd ujtli thd ljspdmtlbj/`liiljc hbids erd lj pbsltlbj `br `liiljc. ?
@lc. Shddi cder
5
5 @lc. Bli idvdi mhdmk - whddi cder 5. Idvdi piuc ?. @liiljc piuc
? _d`lii wlth jdw bli, eobut 7.8 i (7.84 qts). Tsd trejsflsslbj bli emmbraljc tb thd iuorlmejt spdml`lmetlbj. Djsurd thet thd bli idvdi rdemhds up tb thd ibwdr dacd b` thd piuc hbid. Midej eja rd`lt thd piucs.
Hyareuilm `litdr Mhejcd _dfbvd thd `litdr (5) eja adilvdr tb spdmlei westd hejailjc. Qhls ls e sljcid-usd `litdr eja mejjbt od midejda.
Qhbrbuchiy midej thd `litdr hbiadr sdeiljc sur`emd. Eppiy e thlj mbet b` `rdsh hyareuilm `iula tb thd ruoodr ceskdt bj thd jdw `litdr. ]mrdw thd `litdr bj oy heja, `lrstiy ujtli thd `litdr ceskdt fekds mbjtemt wlth thd `litdr oesd. Qhdj rbtetd e `urthdr ¶ turj. 5 @lcurd. Djcljd mbfpertfdjt, id`t 5. Hyareuilm `iula `litdr
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5==
Feljtdjejmd - ?777h
?
Mhdmk thd hyareuilm `iula idvdi lj thd slcht ciess (=) eja tbp b`` es rdqulrda. ]dd ujadr thd hdealjc 'Dvdry 57 hburs b` bpdretlbj' `br fbrd lj`brfetlbj. ]tert thd djcljd eja mhdmk thet thd `litdr abds jbt idek.
=
@lcurd. Hyareuilm tejk ?. Hyareuilm rdsdrvblr mep =. ]lcht ciess
Hyareuilm rdsdrvblr @iula mhejcd ?
=
5
Qekd merd whdj areljljc thd hyareuilm `iula. Sder prbtdmtlvd cibvds eja cbccids.
Bpdj id`t djcljd mbfpertfdjt. Qhd arelj piuc/veivd ls lj thd erde ujadr thd hyareuilm tejk. Wiemd e rdmdptemid thet hbias et idest 47 iltdrs (5=.? cei) ujadr thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt. Fekd surd thet thd veivd (=) ls mibsda. @lcurd. Djcljd mbfpertfdjt ujadr hyareuilm tejk (vle id`t slad) 5. Bli arelj ?. Hyareuilm tejk =. Peivd
Tjsmrdw thd bli arelj piuc (5), eja mbjjdmt e arelj hbsd but `rbf thd djcljd mbfpertfdjt. Bpdj thd veivd (=) eja eiibw eii thd bli tb ruj but. _dsdt oy mibsljc thd veivd eja rd`lttljc thd piuc (5). Adilvdr thd areljda `iula tb djvlrbjfdjteiiy mbrrdmt hejailjc.
@lii wlth `rdsh hyareuilm `iula. _d`dr tb thd iuorlmejts spdml`lmetlbj `br cread lj`brfetlbj. _dpiemd thd hyareuilm `litdr. ]dd sdmtlbj "Feljtdjejmd - 5777 hburs". ]tert thd djcljd eja bpdretd thd hyareuilm `ujmtlbjs. Mhdmk thd idvdi lj thd rdsdrvblr eja tbp b`` es rdqulrda.
5=1
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Feljtdjejmd - ?777h
Setdrljc systdf - Areljljc _dfdfodr thet thdrd ls e rlsk b` `rddzljc aurljc thd wljtdr. Dfpty thd tejk, pufp, `litdr eja iljds, br flx ejtl`rddzd lj thd wetdr. = 5 1
Qhdrd e arelj mbmk (?) lj thd spemd thd systdflsbj thd mdjtrei wetdr tejk. Qhls`br mej odpufp usda tb arelj obth thd tejk eja perts b` thd pufp systdf. Qhd wetdr hbsds erd mbjjdmtda tb thd pufp wlth qulmk mbupiljcs (1) tb slfpil`y areljljc eja whdrd epprbprletd rdpiemdfdjt tb e rdsdrvd pufp (bptlbj).
? @lcurd. Wufp systdf 5. @litdr hbusljc ?. Arelj mbmk =. ]tbp mbmk 1. Uulmk mbupiljcs
Qhd butidt hbsd `rbf thd mdjtrei tejk mej od alsmbjjdmtda eja thd dja piemda lj e mbjteljdr wlth ejtl`rddzd tb ruj thls thrbuch thd pufp/`litdr.
Setdr tejk - Midejljc
Midej thd tejk/tejks wlth wetdr eja e sulteoid adtdrcdjt `br piestlm sur`emds.
?
Mibsd thd arelj mbmk (?), `lii wlth wetdr eja mhdmk `br ideks. Qhd wetdr tejks erd fead b` piestlm (pbiydthyidjd) eja erd rdmymieoid.
@lcurd. Setdr tejk ?. Arelj piuc
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5=4
Feljtdjejmd - ?777h ]tddrljc nbljt - Mhdmk Ljspdmt thd stddrljc nbljt tb adtdmt ejy aefecd br mremks. Mhdmk eja tlchtdj ejy ibbsd obits. Mhdmk eisb `br ejy stl``jdss br piey lj thd stddrljc nbljt.
@lc. ]tddrljc nbljt
Meo @rdsh elr `litdr - _dpiemljc Qhdrd ls bjd `rdsh elr `litdr (5), piemda bj thd `rbjt b` thd meo. _dfbvd thd prbtdmtlvd mbvdr. Tjab thd smrdws (?) eja rdfbvd thd mbfpidtd hbiadr. _dfbvd thd `litdr ljsdrt eja rdpiemd wlth e jdw `litdr. ? Qhd `litdr ls fey jdda tbljod mhejcda fbrd b`tdj l` thd femhljd bpdretda e austy djvlrbjfdjt. ?
5
@lc. Meo, `rbjt 5. @rdsh elr `litdr (x5) ?. ]mrdw (x?)
5=0
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Feljtdjejmd - ?777h
Elr mbjaltlbjljc (Bptlbjei) - Bvdrheui _dcuier ljspdmtlbj eja feljtdjejmd ls jdmdssery tb djsurd setls`emtbry ibjc-tdrf bpdretlbj. Midej eii aust `rbf thd mbjadjsdr didfdjt (5) usljc mbfprdssda elr. Oibw `rbf eobvd abwjweras. Qhd elr ndt mej aefecd thd didfdjt `iejcds l` lt ls tbb pbwdr`ui. ?
5 Sder prbtdmtlvd cbccids whdj wbrkljc wlth mbfprdssda elr.
@lcurd. Meo 5. Mbjadjsbr didfdjt ?. Aryljc `litdr
Ljspdmt thd mbjadjsdr didfdjt ettemhfdjt. Mhdmk thd systdf hbsds `br mhe`ljc. Fekd surd thet areljecd `rbf thd mbbiljc ujlt ls ujbostrumtda sb thet mbjadjsetlbj abds jbt emmufuietd ljslad thd ujlt.
Elr mbjaltlbjljc (Bptlbjei) Aryljc `litdr - Ljspdmtlbj Slth thdouooids ujlt lj bpdretlbj, mhdmk thd slcht ciess (5) thet erd jbt vlsloid bjusljc thd aryljc `litdr.
?
@lcurd. Aryljc `litdr 5. ]lcht ciess ?. @litdr hbiadr
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5
Werk thd rbiidr bj e idvdi sur`emd, mhbmk thd whddis eja emtlvetd thd perkljc orekd.
Qhd `litdr ls piemda et thd tbp b` thd rder pert b` thd meo rbb`. L` ouooids erd vlsloid thrbuch thd slcht ciess, thls ljalmetds thet thd rd`rlcdrejt idvdi ls tbb ibw. ]tbp thd ujlt tb evbla rlskljc aefecd. @lii up wlth rd`rlcdrejt. Qhd rd`rlcdrejt mlrmult ls bjiy tb od wbrkda bj oy euthbrlzda mbfpejlds.
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5=3
Feljtdjejmd - ?777h
Wlvbt oderljc (Bptlbjei) - Iuorlmetlbj
Crdesd demh jlppid (5) wlth `lvd strbkds b` e heja-bpdretda crdesd cuj. 5
Tsd crdesd es spdml`lda lj thd iuorlmejt spdml`lmetlbj.
@lc. _der aruf 5. Crdesd jlppids x 1
5=8
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Ayjepem Mbfpemtlbj Dqulpfdjt EO Obx 471, ]D-=35 ?= Keriskrbje, ]wdadj
Ayjepem Mbfpemtlbj Dqulpfdjt EO Obx 471, ]D-=35 ?= Keriskrbje, ]wdadj
