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12
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14
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15
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16
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18
S#" e2@%)', %2@%/ ')%"#:%$#'"e/ 0e'" " e e" e( %"'%2% *e( '/&#/2' (%#"'%2e#$%"' =8 *e (% e"'2e *#0#$(%* *e( '$e/' 2/ )e"e%( *e $'"/$$#!" *e "% *#e$$#!" e5'($#'"%#% % e/$%(% 2"*#%(>J. E( PORT A e/% *e( %/e*#' e" e( $'"e' "%$#'"%(, e( PORT *e6. C'"5#e"e *ee"e"'/ " '$' e" (%/ 'e/%/ e!#$%/ *e P'/%*%/ %% e"e"*e $( e% e( 2'*e(' *e( e %% e( PORT. De/*e 196 P'/%*%/ e/e"! =E( M%"#0#e/' *e (% C'"0ee"$#% *e A@#(>, ''"#e"*' (% e')%"#:%$#!" *e (% I"e"%$#'"%(, 8 %'8"*'/e e" (%/ /e$$#'"e/ (%#"'%2e#$%"%/ #"$(#*% (% 2e#$%"%- /e (%"e%@% e$'"/# (%/ /e$$#'"e/ e'e%/ e" *e0e"/% *e " ')%2% *e (% e5'($#!" /'$#%(#/% 2"*#%(. Ce% e e( %"%)'"#/2' e"e e( $%#%(#/2' 8 ('/ E/%*'/ '@e'/ 8 (% e5'($#!" 2"*#%( $'"*$#% % " e"0e"%2#e"' e /e% %2@#" e( 0#" *e( /#/e2% 8 (% $'"/$$#!" *e "% /'$#e*%* /e#' (% /'$#e*%* /'$#%(#/%. P'/%*%/ $'"/#*e%@% e e( 2%#/2' e% e( 2'*' *e e"/%2#e"' 8 %$$#!" %% '#e"% (%/ %$$#'"e/ *e (% IV I"e"%$#'"%(. A*e2/ 5e% % (% H#/'#% e" (% e/e$#5% *e (% ($+% *e $(%/e/, 8 ' %"', e( '(e%#%*' /e)% /#e"*' e( 2'' *e (% %"/0'2%$#!" *e (% /'$#e*%*. L%/ ee#*%/ $#/#/ #"e"%$#'"%(e/ e" e/% e/e$#5% +#/!#$% e%" '*$' *e "% 0%(% *e $'"*$$#!" 8 (#*e%:)' 2"*#%(. E" e/e /e"#*', "' *e ('/ )%"*e/ '@, 'e =(% e'% e/ e( e/2e" *e (% ee#e"$#% +2%"% e e2#e % (% /'$#e*%* %5%":%>7. SU MILITANCIA E"e ('/ 2#e2@'/ *e( PORT 0#)%@%" ?#(*%*' I/(%/ C%%":% %(#%/ He%$(#', #e" e% #")e"#e' *e '0e/#!" e"$%)%*' *e e(%@'% 8 *#/#@# (% '%)%"*% *e( P%#*' e" e/%$#'/ "#5e/#%#'/ 8 e" e( 2@#' (%@'%( 8 $%2e/#"' Le'$%*#' F%"$#/$' Y%%% M:#: %(#%/ 2#"e', e% #")e"#e' 2#$' 8 '0e/' *e (% UNAM Se)#' ?%$/ E/%*% %(#%/ D%"e ('/ +e2%"'/ R%2!" 8 M%+% E(e"% V%)%/ S%()e' %(#%/ (#' 8 M%8', e/e$#5%2e"e R%2!" e% '0e/' e" (% E/$e(% Pe%%'#% "2e' J *e (% UNAM, 8 M%+% E(e"% *##)% e( /e$' 0e2e"#( *e( PORT A(0'"/' L#:%)% %(#%/ 'e(, #e" e% e( e"$%)%*' *e V': O@e% %/ $'2' "% 5e#"e"% 2/, e"e (% e /e e"$'"%@%" M%% L#/% A$e ?%$% %(#%/ Pe'/ Fe*e#$' R#5e% R#5e% %(#%/ E( R'$', '/ N%#5#*%* F%"$#/$' C'(2e"%e/ C/% %(#%/ C/%, %5#e ' L(%"', *e (% Pe%%'#% 7 8 *e// e" (% E/$e(% *e E$'"'2% *e (% UNAM, C%('/ M'#!" e"+'", 8 %#2e D#'/*%*', e/*#%"e/ *e E$'"'2% e" (% UNAM '/ N#e' M'"%e: %(#%/ Se@%/#" '
19
N#e', *e (% Pe%%'#% 7, <"' $'" %" S'' C: R')e(#' M%#%"' A)#e %(#%/ R')e, *e (% Pe%%'#% P'(% M%% *e( P#(% M%$e*% *e ?%(5" %(#%/ D#%"% 8 / e/'/' Fe(#e ?%(5" %'(#"# %(#%/ "'. E((% e% *e "%$#'"%(#*%* 5e"e:'(%"%, 8 ?%(5" /e %/(%*! % ?%e2%(% %% #"e)%/e %( 2'5#2#e"' )e#((e' *e e/e %/. De/%$%@% $'2' *##)e"e *e( PORT [/$% '/ Fe""*e: "' %(#%/ ?%@#"', H)' ' V%(e"", #e" e% *e "%$#'"%(#*%* %)e"#"% +%@% ((e)%*' % M#$' ' / e/e$+% e(%$#!" $'" P'/%*%/, (e)' *e( e/'(#5' *e( ! L%#"'%2e#$%"' *e (% C%% I"e"%$#'"%(, $'" (% 0#"%(#*%* *e $'"/## (% /e$$#!" 2e#$%"%. A / (%*' 2#(#%@% / e/'/%, E*5#)e/ Tee/% C'"0e% %(#%/ E(5#% %2@#" %)e"#"%. P' / %e, e( e#'*#/% %)e"#"' A*'(0' A#(#' M%(5%)"# ?#((89 %(#%/ L$e' ' L$%/, 0")% $'2' e( $''*#"%*' 8 /e$e%#' *e( ! P'(#$' L%#"'%2e#$%"' $'" ('/ !/ P'(#$'/ *e (%/ /e$$#'"e/ e" $%*% %/, 8 e% "' *e ('/ e"(%$e/ #"$#%(e/ $'" ')%"#:%$#'"e/ %2%*%/ e" e( $'"#"e"e (%#"'%2e#$%"'. De( ! P'(#$' *e( PORT *ee"*%" // $'2#/ '(#$'/ e)#'"%(e/, %"e e" (% e%(#*%* /!(' 0"$#'"%@% %$#5%2e"e e( *e( D#/#' Fe*e%(. De $%*% $'2#, e" e'%, *ee"*e%" (%/ $((%/ *e 2#(#%"e/ %$#5'/, % (%/ e /e (e/ *e"'2#"%@% =5e+$('/>. E" e( D#/#' Fe*e%( *e/e2eG%@%" %$#5#*%* '(#$% ('/ 5e+$('/ =@%#%(e/>, e/ *e$#, *e " *ee2#"%*' @%#'. Se /' *e (% e#/e"$#% *e( =5e+$(' @%#%( *e A:$%':%($'>, e( =5e+$(' @%#%( *e( Se$' P'(%>, e( =5e+$(' U"#5e/#%#'>, /'@e '*' e" (% E/$e(% *e E$'"'2% *e (% UNAM, %/ $'2' e( =5e+$(' 0e'$%#(e'>, 8 e( =5e+$(' 2#(#%>9. E( 5e+$(' 2#(#% *e( PORT L% $((% ' 5e+$(' 2#(#% *e( PORT e/%@% e0e$#5%2e"e $'"/##*% ' '0#$#%(e/ *e( e<$#' 2e#$%"'. E( '$e/' *e / #"/e$#!" e" e( PORT "' (' e")' $(%', e' e5#*e"e2e"e e/e eeG' "$(e' *e (% '0#$#%(#*%* 2#(#% +%@% /0#*' "% %*#$%(#:%$#!" #*e'(!)#$%. C'2' $%@e:% *e e/% $((% /e #*e"#0#$! %( e"#e"e $''"e( '/ M%% R'/ *e H'8'/, $'" / %(#%/ E(%/, #e" 0'2%@% %e *e( ! P'(#$' *e (% ')%"#:%$#!", 8 % (% e +%@% ''$#'"%*' " *'$2e"' '0#$#%( *e (% Se$e%% *e (% De0e"/% N%$#'"%( /'@e $#$%/ )e#((e%/ ' ( 2#/2' e(%@'%*', $'" e( (' *e =L%/ ?e#((%/ *e (% %$%( e%% +#/!#$%>91. L% $((% ' 5e+$(' 2#(#% e/%@% #"e)%*%, %*e2/, ' e( e"#e"e $''"e( #")e"#e' #"*/#%( '/ A8%(% M'e('/ S%2e( *'/ 2%8'e/ 2/, #e"e/ e%" 2*#$'/ $#<%"'/ %(*'2e' R'*)e: T#e N/' 8 A"'"#' V#((%0ee M'e"' A2%"*', %/ $'2' e( $%#" #2e' *e #"0%"e% ')e M%(*'"%*' Ve)% He"%"*' 8 e( /%)e"' #2e' %%$%#*#/% A(@e' Ve(:e: C%"/e$'. T%2@#" (% e/'/% *e R'/, *e "'2@e M%% D'('e/ A/$e"/#!" F('e/, 8 (% *e V#((%0ee, 2#(#%@%" e" e( PORT, @%<' ('/ /e*!"#2'/ *e R'/% 8 A(2%, e/e$#5%2e"e. E/'/ #"e)%"e/ *e( 5e+$(' 2#(#% e/%@%" e2eG%*'/ e" (%@'e/ *e #"/$$#!" *e *e0e"/% e/'"%(, #' %( @(%"$' 8 $#$%/ %% (% e%%$#!" *e @'2@%/ 8 )%"%*%/. C%"*' 5%#'/ *e / 2#(#%"e/ 0e'" *ee"#*'/ e #"e')%*'/, e( *#%)"!/#$' *e (% Se$e%% *e (% De0e"/% N%$#'"%( %*2#% e +%@% +%@#*' #"0#(%$#!" *e( PORT =*e"' *e (%/ Fe:%/ A2%*%/>, e' e e% 2"#2%, 8 e e" '*' $%/' /e e$'2e"*%@% e e( %(' 2%"*' *e (% De0e"/% N%$#'"%(
20
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$'#"$#*e"$#%/ #*e'(!)#$%/ 8 *e e/%e)#% '(#$'-2#(#% $'" M%$' A"'"#' ;'" S'/% %(#%/ E( C+#"'96, "' *e ('/ #"$#%(e/ *##)e"e/ *e( MR-13. E/% ')%"#:%$#!" %2%*% e$#@#! @#e" % ('/ 2#e2@'/ *e( PORT 'e e"% e" / +%@e "% 0ee #"0(e"$#% '/&#/% e e5e% e( =e/%@(e$#2#e"' *e '*ee/ *%(e/>97 e" e( '$e/' 2#/2' e5'($#'"%#', e/ *e$#, =!)%"'/ *e //#$#!", *e ee2(%:', *e *%(#*%* *e '*ee/> e" " e/$e"%#' $%#%(#/%. A %# *e( 2'*e(' '/&#/%, e( MR-13 e'#:%@% %( e/e$' e" e( /e"#*' *e e / e0#$#e"$#% )e#((e% *e@e% 2e*#/e % %# *e( %5%"$e =*e ('/ !)%"'/ *e *'@(e '*e *e (%/ 2%/%/ $'"% e( '*e $%#%(#/%>, e/ *e$#, *e@e%" $e% !)%"'/ *e *'@(e '*e, $8' /#)"#0#$%*' e% ='2% (%/ #e%/ 8 +%$e(%/ e('%, '2% (%/ 0@#$%/ 8 +%$e(%/ 0"$#'"%, $'"'(% :'"%/ 8 +%$e(%/ 0"$#'"%. E/e e/ e( *'@(e '*e>, 8 ' %"' /e *e@e%" $e% e/'/ !)%"'/ %"' e" (% $#*%* $'2' e" e( $%2', 8% 0e/e" $(%"*e/#"'/ ' @(#$'/9. A/#2#/2', ;'" S'/% 8 ('/ *##)e"e/ *e( MR-13 '2#e'" $'" L% H%@%"% 8 $'" M'/$, *e #e"e/ +%@%" '@e"#*' %"e#'2e"e %'8'/ 2#(#%e/ 8 2%e#%(e/ % %5/ *e( P%#*' ?%e2%(e$' *e( T%@%<' P?T, 8 /e *e*#$%'" % 0'2(% " ')%2% /'$#%(#/% $'" e( %'8' *e( PORT. D#$+' ')%2% +%$% " ((%2%*' % (%/ 2%/%/ % (% ($+% ' e( '*e, =e$+% %@%<' %( $%#%(#/2', '$% 0@#$%/, #2'"e e( $'"'( '@e', #2'"e $'2#/ *e 0@#$%, ((%2% % (% e5'($#!" $%2e/#"%, ')%"#:% (% %(#%":% '@e' $%2e/#"%>, e +#:' "% *e$(%%$#!" *e %*+e/#!" % (% IV I"e"%$#'"%( '/%*#/%99. P' / %e, P'/%*%/ /%(*! '/##5%2e"e (% #"e5e"$#!" *e / %)%$#!" e" ?%e2%(%1. A( e/e$', %/e5e%@% =E( MR-13 +% '*#*' $'"#"% 8 ')e/% 'e /e %"/0'2! e" 2'5#2#e"' ')%"#:%*' e" e( ')%2% *e (% e5'($#!" /'$#%(#/%, $'" 0"$#'"%2#e"' *e %#*'. ; / 0"$#!" "' e/ /'(%2e"e )e#((e%, /#"' e ((e5% "% %$$#!" *e ')%"#:%*' *e (%/ 2%/%/ e ($+%" ' e#5#"*#$%$#'"e/ *e2'$#$%/, *e /%(%#'/, '2% *e #e%/, *ee$+'/ *e %@%<', *ee$+'/ /#"*#$%(e/, 8 %( 2#/2' #e2' ($+% $'"% e( #2e#%(#/2'>11. E" e/e '"', e( PORT /)e% '2'5e #"/e$$#'"e/ '@e%/ 8 $%2e/#"%/ ' '*'/ ('/ #"$'"e/ *e ?%e2%(%, % (% 5e: e /e '""$#%@% ' " )'@#e"' '@e'-$%2e/#"' *e %( /ee e (e *%@% "% #2'%"$#% %(% % (% ($+% )e#((e% 8 % (% 2(#(#$%$#!" *e 2#(#$#%/ $%2e/#"%/ 8 '@e%/1. I"$(/#5e, e( PORT @/$%@% e (% A/'$#%$#!" E/*#%"#( U"#5e/#%#% ?%e2%(e$% AEU =@(#$%% " $'2"#$%*' $'"5'$%"*' %( $%2#"' *e (%/ %2%/>13. C%@e *e/%$% % e e/% e(%$#!" e"e e( MR-13 8 e( PORT, ((e5! % F#*e( C%/', $'" @%/e e" *'$2e"'/ *e( %(% e/%(#"#/% *e( P%#*' C'2"#/% $@%"', % '""$#%/e $'"% e( '/&#/2' *e 2%"e% %#%*% e" e( *#/$/' *e $(%/% *e( C'")e/' *e (% P#2e% C'"0ee"$#% *e S'(#*%#*%* *e ('/ Pe@('/ *e A/#%, 0#$% 8 A2#$% L%#"%, (% ((%2%*% T#$'"#"e"%(, e" L% H%@%"%, e( 1J *e e"e' *e 196614. P'/%*%/, ' / %e, $'"/#*e! e C%/' +%@% 0%$%/%*' e" / #"e"' ' (')% %'8' e" // %%e/ % ('/ '/&#/%/ 8 %( MR-13, 8 e#e! e (% #"e5e"$#!" *e ('/ '/&#/%/ e" ?%e2%(% +%@% /#*' " 0%$' % $'"/#*e% e" (% e(%$#!" $+#"'-/'5##$% 8 $+#"'-$@%"%. A( %(*# %( '""$#%2#e"' *e( *##)e"e $@%"', P'/%*%/ e"0%#:! e C%/' 5' =e %%e$e
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@(#$%2e"e %%$%"*' %( 13 *e N'5#e2@e, 'e /#e"e e( e/' *e e/e 0%$' /#e"e" e( e/' *e (%/ e/'($#'"e/ *e 0e@e' *e 196J *e( MR-13, e/'($#'"e/ e" (%/ $%(e/ /e %*+#ee" % (% IV I"e"%$#'"%(>1J. Pe' e/e %$e$%2#e"' $'" e( MR-13, e #"$(8! %@%/e$#2#e"' *e %2%/ 8 ee$+'/ 2#(#%e/16, %2" *e( %@%<' '(#$' 8 (%/ %$$#'"e/ $(%"*e/#"%/ ((e5%*%/ % $%@' ' e( PORT, *e/e2@'$%'" e" "% /#%$#!" 28 e2@%%:'/% e *ee#'! 8 %$%@! ' '2e e/% e(%$#!". Se)" (#' C/% M%$%/ C'2%"*%"e C/% M'"e/, ('/ '/%*#/%/ =$'2e#e'" *e/0%($' *e 2#(e/ *e *!(%e/ e( *#"e' 0e #(#:%*' %% 0#"%"$#% %$#5#*%*e/ *e (% I"e"%$#'"%( '/&#/% e" ''/ %/e/>. L#5#' M%#%" $'2e"% (% 5e/#!" *e ('/ 2#(#%"e/ #2(#$%*'/, #e"e/ %/e)%'" e" / 2'2e"' e "' +%@% +%@#*' //%$$#!" *e 0'"*'/, 'e =/'/ +%@%" /#*' e%#*'/ ' " %$e*' $'2">. M%#%" %)e)% e '@%@(e2e"e "' +%8% /#*' "% //%$$#!" *e e$/'/ ' e( +e$+' *e e e( #@"%( %$/%*' +%@% '2%*' 2e*#*%/ 28 2'*e%*%/. S#" e2@%)', e" (% e%(#*%* e( #@"%( '(% ('/ e(/!, =%$/"*'('/ *e e/%0%*'e/, *#5#/#'"#/%/ 8 %5e"e'/>17. Le)' *e (% e(/#!" *e *#e$#/#/ '/%*#/%/, /e %)%5! (% /#%$#!" $'" "% e/e/% ee/#5% ' %e *e %2@'/ )'@#e"'/, e( 2e#$%"' 8 e( )%e2%(e$'. A %# *e( 4 *e %@#( *e 1966 0e'" %e/%*'/ e" (% $#*%* *e M#$' 5%#'/ e(e2e"'/ *e( PORT A*'(0' ?#((81, Fe""*e: "' 8 (% e/'/% *e /e, %/ $'2' I/(%/ C%%":%, Y%%% M:#:, ?%$/ E/%*% 8 ('/ +e2%"'/ V%)%/ S%()e'19. A F%"$#/$' C'(2e"%e/ /e (e *e5' +%/% e( 4 *e e"e' *e 196911. A*e2/ *e / %e+e"/#!" $''"%*% ' )'(#:%/ 8 '%/, (% '(#$% '(#$% (e/ #"$%! *'$2e"'/, *#e$$#'"e/ $'2'2ee*'%/, *#"e' 8 %2%/. E" " (%)% $%% *e <"#' *e 1966 e( '#' P'/%*%/ +#:' " *#%)"!/#$' *e( #2%$' e '*, 8 %G%*#e"*' e =L'/ %$'"e$#2#e"'/ *e M#$' '"e" e" $e/#!" "% /e#e *e '@(e2%/ 28 /e#'/, 28 )%5e/ 8, %*e2/, *e )%" e(#)' %% (% I"e"%$#'"%(, "' e(#)' %% / '(#$% 8 // '@11. T%2@#" 0e'" *ee"#*'/ $%/# '*'/ ('/ 2#(#%e/ e e%" 2#e2@'/ *e( PORT113. C'" e/e )'(e, e( %%%' *e /e)#*%* *e( E/%*' +%@% *e/$@#e' $(%5e/, "'2@e/, ()%e/, /e*!"#2'/ 8 $'"%$'/. E/' ((e5! % (% ')%"#:%$#!" % $#$(% " *'$2e"' #(%*' =Me*#*%/ *e $(%"*e/#"#*%*>114, %% 2'5#(#:%/e 8 /e)# %$%"*' '(#$%2e"e. S#" e2@%)', e( 6 *e 2%:', " 2e/ %"e/ *e (%/ *ee"$#'"e/ e" M#$', +%@%" /#*' $%%*'/ 8 %/e/#"%*'/ e" ?%e2%(% % 2%"'/ *e (% *#$%*% 2#(#% *##)e"e/ $'2"#/%/ *e( P?T11J 8 5%#'/ 2#(#%"e/ *e( PORT F%"$#/$' A2%*' ?%"%*'/, D%5#* A)#(% M'%116, Fe(#e ?%(5" %'(#"# 8 E"#$e C%2#" e/'/% *e A)#(% M'%, #e"e/ /e +%@%" #"5'($%*' e" e( MR-13 % %5/ *e ;'" S'/%117. L'/ '/&#/%/ 2e#$%"'/ e$'"'$%" e" <"#' *e 1966 e =Ne/' P%#*' +% /#*' )'(e%*', // @#e"e/ +%" /#*' '@%*'/, (%/ $%/%/ *e %()"'/ *e // 2#(#%"e/ +%" /#*' /%e%*%/, %()"'/ *##)e"e/ +%" /#*' *ee"#*'/ 8 '%*'/ 8 e/" %$%(2e"e e/'/, 8 // 2#(#%"e/ /'" e/e)#*'/ 8
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*e@e" 0"$#'"% $(%"*e/#"%2e"e. De@#*' % (% e/e$$#!" '(#$#%( BV': O@e%, "e/' !)%"', "' *' /%(# *%"e " 2e/. Pe' '*% e/% ee/#!" "' *' "# '* e@% %( P%#*', "' *' "# '* *e/2'%(#:%('>11. U"'/ 2e/e/ *e//, e( 7 *e "'5#e2@e *e e/e %G' *e 1966, e( %%%' *e #"e(#)e"$#% *e( E/%*' e/e"%@% " I"0'2e $'" " /e/)' $(%%2e"e *e/''$#'"%*' e" *'"*e /e %0#2%@% e M%"e( A)#(% M'% ee"*% =((e5% % $%@' " %%e *#e$' e" $'"% *e( P#2e M%"*%%#' *e (% N%$#!", ' $'"/#*e% e "% 5e: e(#2#"%*' e( Pe/#*e"e /e '5'$%% " $%'/ e" '*' e( %/>. A*e2/ /e %/e)%@% e ('/ 2#e2@'/ *e( PORT +%@%" #"#$#%*' e"e"%2#e"' *e )e% *e )e#((%/ =e" 5%#'/ ()%e/ *e (% $#*%* *e M#$' 8 e" %()"%/ $'('"#%/ '(e%#%/>, 8 e e/%@%" % (% e/e% *e e$#@# *e %e *e // *##)e"e/ #"e"%$#'"%(e/ =@'2@%/ *e (/#$'> e =#e"e" " )%" '*e *e/$#5'>119. C%2@#'/ 8 e(e5'/ e" (% *##)e"$#% *e( PORT "% %$$#!" 2%(')%*% Le)' *e( *' )'(e %/e/%*' % (% ')%"#:%$#!" 8 $'" 5%#'/ *e // 2#(#%"e/ e/'/1, e( ! P'(#$' L%#"'%2e#$%"' % %5/ *e / *##)e"$#% '/%*#/%, *e$#*#! e"5#% *e/*e U)%8 % " "e5' e(e2e"' *e "'2@e V#' D#$+ M%"e: %(#%/ M'#//, *e "%$#'"%(#*%* %)e"#"%, %% '$% (% $''*#"%$#!" )e"e%( *e( ! P'(#$' *e (% /e$$#!" 2e#$%"%, 8 #e" e"% (% 2#/#!" *e e$'"/## *e "e5% $e"% (% ')%"#:%$#!" 2e*#%"e (% @%/e 2#(#%"e e#/e"e e" " eeG' $'2# e)#'"%( @#$%*' e" (% $#*%* *e P':% R#$%, Ve%$:11. S#" e2@%)', e" e( %"/$/' *e "'/ $%"'/ 2e/e/ (% '(#$% #"e$e! / %$#5#*%* 8 *e5' % '*'/ // 2#e2@'/1, e"e ('/ e 0#)%@%" F%/' D5#(% S'(/ %(#%/ R'2' ?e"%' '")#* L%% %@%<%*' e'(e' 8 %(#%/ C#(+%$ T#' A2%"*' D'2")e: L%%, *##)e"e e/*#%"#( %(#%/ %" P%( Pe: C'/, %(#%/ P'0##', #e" %2@#" e% %@%<%*' e'(e' 8 e"% (% 2#/#!" *e =%'5e$+% e( *e/$'"e"' e"e ('/ %@%<%*'e/ 8 (')% %%e '@e'/ %% $'"5e"$e('/ *e e /e +#$#e%" $%)' *e (% A*2#"#/%$#!" *e (% E2e/%>. A"'"#' (%"$' ?'":(e:, %(#%/ L% L'8%, #e" %$%@% e" (% A/'$#%$#!" E/*#%"#( P':%#$e"/e, 8 e% e( e"(%$e *e( $'2# e)#'"%( $'" e( 5e+$(' e/*#%"#( *e( PORT. P' / %e, R'@e' C+#" Se*%"', %(#%/ A%(0', e% e/*#%"e *e (% E/$e(% *e E$'"'2% *e (% UNAM 8 /e5% *e e"(%$e e"e e( 5e+$(' "#5e/#%#' *e( PORT e" (% '#% U"#5e/#*%* 8 e( 5e+$(' e/*#%"#( *e P':% R#$%. Fe"%"*' L!e: L#2!", $8'/ /e*!"#2'/ e%" A(e<%"*' 8 Le''(*', e% e( e"(%$e e"e e( ! P'(#$' "%$#'"%( 8 e( Se$e%#%*' L%#"'%2e#$%"', 8 A(0'"/' L#:%)% e"%(, %(#%/ 'e(, #e" e% e( *#e$' *e V': O@e%, e( !)%"' #"0'2%#5' *e( PORT. A V#' D#$+ /e (e *e'!13. E( e#/'*#' ee/#5' 0e $%(#0#$%*' =$'2' "% $'"#"%$#!" (!)#$% 8 $'"/e$e"e *e (% %$$#!" *e( )'@#e"' $'"% e( )' *e ?#((8 #"#$#%*' e" %@#( (#2', %G%*#*' %( $%$e '(#$' e ee/e"% (% %/e/'% (e)%( *e ?e"%' '")#* e" %()"'/ $e"'/ *e %@%<' e'(e'/ e" P':% R#$%>14. A 2e*#%*'/ *e <(#' *e 196, " *#%)"!/#$' *e (% D#e$$#!" Fe*e%( *e Se)#*%*, %0#2%@% e e( PORT %$%@% e" e( 2e*#' "#5e/#%#' % %5/ *e / F%$$#!" E/*#%"#( 8 e( Fe"e E/*#%"#( S'$#%(#/%1J, /'@e '*' e" (% E/$e(% *e E$'"'2%, e" (% Pe%%'#% 7 *e (% UNAM 8 e" (% Pe%%'#% P'(%16. I"$(/#5e, %2@#" /e %/e)! e e( PORT +%@% e"#*' "% e/$#/#!" *%"*' ()% % '' )' *e"'2#"%*' P%#*' C'2"#/%
24
Re5'($#'"%#' T'/&#/%, e"$%@e:%*' ' " %( H'2e' ' #((8 8 / e/'/% N'2%, $8% (%@' '(#$% /e +%@% (%/2%*' e" *'/ e#!*#$'/ 2%(e/ #"0'2%"*' *e '@(e2%/ e"e ('/ '@e'/ *e e2e/%/ e#(e/. D#$+'/ e#!*#$'/ /e @#$%@%" e" (% F%$(%* *e F#('/'0% 8 e" (% E/$e(% *e E$'"'2% *e/*e #"$##'/ *e <(#' *e 19617. D%"e e( 2'5#2#e"' e/*#%"#(, 2#e2@'/ *e( PORT e "' +%@%" $%*' '*%5% e/'/, $'2' F%"$#/$' C'(2e"%e/, +#$#e'" " %"(#/#/ *e (% /#%$#!", $'"$(8e"*' e +%@% *'/ $'#e"e/ '(#$%/ %( #"e#' *e( )#2e" #/% e ee"*%" %'5e$+% e( 2'5#2#e"' =$'" '8e$$#'"e/ *e 0#/2' '(#$'>, ' " (%*', ('/ "%$#'"%(#/%/ $'" L:%' C*e"%/ % (% $%@e:%, /e)#*' *e e// Re8e/ He'(e/, E"#e R%2e:, F%"$#/$' M%"e: *e (% Ve)%, E2#(#' M%"e: M%"%' e I0#)e"#% M%"e: *e N%5%ee. P' e( '' (%*', (% e"*e"$#% ' #2e#%(#/% #"e)%*% ' A(0'"/' C''"% *e( R'/%(, M%$e(#"' ?%$% %%)", L#/ E$+e5e% 8 e( )e"e%( '/ He""*e: T'(e*'. E( '#' F%"$#/$' C'(2e"%e/ /e %$e$! e/'"%(2e"e %( )e"e%( C*e"%/, % #e" (e '/' 0")#e% $'2' =#"e2e*#%#' e"e e/*#%"e/ 8 ?'@#e"' e" (% /'($#!" *e( $'"0(#$', e$#@#e"*' $'2' e/e/% (% #2e% 5e: "% e/e%":%, 8% e #@% % e"/% *ee"#*%2e"e /'@e e/% ''/#$#!", 8 (% /e)"*% 5e: "% "e)%#5%, %*$#e"*' e( 2e"$#'"%*' ?e"e%( e "' '*% +%$e "%*% %( e/e$'>1. L% LOM E( %$#5' 2#(#%"e *e (% LOM /e e"$'"%@% e" e( 2e*#' e/*#%"#( "#5e/#%#'. E" 5#/% *e e "' e/(% $'"0#%@(e (% 0e"e '(#$#%$%, "' e")' (% $ee:% *e e '*'/ ('/ 2e"$#'"%*'/ % $'"#"%$#!" +%8%" /#*' e0e$#5%2e"e 2#e2@'/ *e (% LOM. E"e // 2#e2@'/ 2/ *e/%$%*'/ /e e"$'"%@%" M%"e(, +e2%"' *e D%5#* A)#(% M'% %(#%/ E( Pe(!", e/*#%"e *e (% E/$e(% *e C#e"$#%/ P'(#$%/ 8 S'$#%(e/, $%/%*' $'" "% 2, $%(#0#$"*'(' *e ''"#/%, /e$%#' 8 +%/% *e e"0e2' 2e"%(, 8 $8%/ %$$#'"e/ % %5/
25
*e =/ e/e$%( C%% I"e"%$#'"%(> +%@% $%/%*' =e"'2e *%G' %( 2'5#2#e"' e5'($#'"%#' (%#"'%2e#$%"' e" )e"e%(, 8 %( )%e2%(e$' e" %#$(%, *'"*e P'/%*%/ (e '@! "% )%" $%"#*%* *e *#"e' %( M'5#2#e"' Re5'($#'"%#' 13 *e N'5#e2@e> %*e2/ *e $e% $'"0/#!" e"e /#2%#:%"e/ 8 e5'($#'"%#'/ $'" e/e$' % (% ee"e"$#% % (% IV I"e"%$#'"%(. Se %/e)% e" e( *'$2e"' e e" M#$', =('/ '/&#/%/ ee"e$e" ' /'" /#2%#:%"e/ *e (% L#)% O@e% M%#/%>. T%2@#" /e %0#2% e *e/*e +%$% e/ %G'/, e" 1963, e( )' '/%*#/% +%@% /#*' e(/%*' *e (%/ 0#(%/ *e (% IV I"e"%$#'"%(13. E" $%2@#', (% LOM /e $'"/#*e%@% $'2' %e *e (% IV I"e"%$#'"%( 8 +%@% %#$#%*' e" / VII C'")e/' I"e"%$#'"%( e" 1963, =$'2' )' /#2%#:%"e>, %"e // 2#(#%"e/ "' e@%/%@%" (% 5e#"e"%. E" 196J, %'"'2@"*'/e =/e$$#!" 2e#$%"%>, (% LOM #"e5#"' %$#5%2e"e e" e( VIII C'")e/' I"e"%$#'"%(. S#" e2@%)', "' +@' "% $'"/'(#*%$#!" #"e"% e e5#%% / (5e#:%$#!". D%"e " #e2', (% LOM @(#$! / e5#/% Pe/e$#5% M"*#%(. L% )"% %( #"e#' *e (% LOM @/#$%2e"e e/5' e0e#*% %( +e$+' *e $'"% $'" "% *##)e"$#% $%(#0#$%*% ' R'*)e: A%<' $'2' $%*#((#/%, %/ $'2' % "% *#5#/#!" '*$' *e *'/ 5#/#'"e/ '(#$%/ *#/#"%/, "% e #5#(e)#%@% %( /e$' '@e', 8 '% e e"%(e$% %( e/*#%"#( *e (%/ E/$e(%/ *e C#e"$#%/ P'(#$%/ 8 S'$#%(e/, E$'"'2% 8 F#('/'0% 8 Le%/ *e (% UNAM, '5e"%" %()"'/ *e // 2#(#%"e/131. É/% (#2% 0e (% 0%$$#!" #"0%"e, e' "' ' 2$+' #e2', 'e % 0#"%(e/ *e 1967 e" ('/ +e$+'/ /$2@#! %'*#/'(5#"*'/e13. C'" (% #$#!" *e( 2'5#2#e"' *e( 6, ('/ e 2#(#%"e/ *e (% LOM 8 2#e2@'/ *e '%/ %)%$#'"e/ '(#$%/ ee"*#e'" ')%"#:% " )' *e . Le)' *e (' 2/ ()#*' *e( e#'*' ee/#5' *e( 6, /e e%)(#"! " eeG' )' '/&#/% e (e *#' 5#*% %( ?' C'2"#/% I"e"%$#'"%(#/% ?CI. L% 'e/% (%#"'%2e#$%"% A %# *e /e#e2@e *e 1966, 8 (e)' *e( *e/e"$%"' *e ('/ 2#e2@'/ *e( PORT e "' +%@%" $%*' e/'/, 5#e'" ()% 5%#%/ e"#'"e/ $(%"*e/#"%/ e" (% $#*%* *e M#$', $'"5'$%*%/ ' " %(' *##)e"e '/&#/% e%"' *e( M'5#2#e"' *e I:#e*% Re5'($#'"%#% MIR, #*e"#0#$%*' ' e( %e((#*' =C%@%((e'>, #e" e/e"! % ('/ $'"$e"e/ $'" =V(e:>, 2#e2@' *e (% *##)e"$#% *e (%/ Fe:%/ A2%*%/ Re5'($#'"%#%/ *e C'('2@#%, 8 ee/e"%"e *e( $'2%"*%"e M%"e( M%(%"*% %(#%/ #' 0#<', 8 $'" =A@e>, $e$%"' $'(%@'%*' *e Pe*' Me*#"% S#(5%, e0e *e (%/ Fe:%/ A2%*%/ *e L#@e%$#!" N%$#'"%( *e Ve"e:e(%. C%@%((e' /%@% ('/ /e*!"#2'/ *e C#' 8 *e '/ E"e', 8 %/$e"*#! e e% e( /e)"*' $'2%"*%"e *e (% )e#((% e%"% e"$%@e:%*% ' ?#((e2' L'@%!", *##)e"e <"' $'" L#/ *e (% Pe"e U$e*% *e( MIR e%"', ')%"#:%$#!" %#*%#% e @/$%@% =(%
26
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27
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*e)e"e%*'>. M#! e" P%/ e( 4 *e 0e@e' *e 199. V%/e WWW.22'8%.$'2Q'(##$%Q#('/Q/#%Q*%'/3.+2(. E" e( (#@' *e Pee ?#e: (5%e:, Re%'/ '2#/%/, Se5#((%, E*#$#'"e/ E/e(% *e P(%%, 6, . 316, /e *#$e e#5'$%*%2e"e e M"#/ "%$#! e" E/%G%, e" L(e"e%, Ee2%*%, e" 1911. Se)%2e"e / 0%2#(#% e% *e e/% ('$%(#*%*. J4 ?%((, O. $#., . -4. JJ I"e"%$#'"%( T'/&82, 199-19J. A *'$2e" %"%(8/#/ '0 +e 2'5e2e", L'"*e/, D&e U"#5e/#8 Pe//, 1991. J6 V%/e =I"0'2e /'@e A2#$% L%#"% % (% C'"0ee"$#% *e 2%8' *e 194>, WWW.$e#.').%Q1637-CEIP J7 T'/&8#// Se#%(/ #@(#')%+8. 197-1991 W#+ ('$%#'"/ %"* #"*#$e/. E*#e* @8 '(0)%") %"* Pe% L@#:, e0%$e @8 P%'(' C%/$#'(%, L'"*'", NeW ;'&, P%#/, 1993, . 66, 8 . 3 *e( I"*e '0 O)%"#:%#'"/. J C'))#'(%, '.$#., . 4 8 41. E" " e/$#' *e 19J7, ?#((8 e'2% e/% 'e/% '(#$% e""$#%"*' (% =$'"/#$#!" *e ('/ E/%*'/ U"#*'/ S'$#%(#/%/ *e A2#$% L%#"% ' *e (% Fe*e%$#!" *e Re@(#$%/ S'$#%(#/%/ *e A2#$% L%#"%, /'@e (% @%/e *e $'"/e<'/ *e '@e'/, $%2e/#"'/ 8 /'(*%*'/ $'2' !)%"'/ *e )'@#e"' *e (%/ 2%/%/, e/ "% *e (%/ %e%/ $e"%(e/ *e (% e5'($#!" (%#"'%2e#$%"%>, e" =L% e5'($#!" @'(#5#%"% 8 ('/ E/%*'/ U"#*'/ S'$#%(#/%/ *e A2#$% L%#"%>, e" P' '*'/ ('/ $%2#"'/, . 111. J9 E"e5#/% *e ?%(( % Fe""*e:, 8% $#%*%. V%"/e 5%#'/ %$('/ *e (% e5#/% e'*$#*'/ e" A' A")#%"', ?%*%(e P%$+e$' 8 R')e(#' V#:$%"', C*e"%/ 8 (% #:#e*% 2e#$%"%. E"/%8'/, e/#2'"#'/, *'$2e"'/, M#$', %" P%@('/ e*#', 197J. 6 A*'(0' 8 F%"$#/$' Y%2'%, "#$%%)\e"/e/. A*'(0' "%$#! e" 197. E2#)! % M#$'. He2%"' 2e"' *e F%"$#/$'. A*'(0' 0e '0e/' 8 e#'*#/%. I"e)! (% C'2#/#!" DeWe8. Fe $'(%@'%*' 8 %2#)' e/'"%( *e T'/&8. 61 e%" V%" He#
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e$'"!2#$'/. V#5#! (% 2%8' %e *e / 5#*% e" C+#(e, *'"*e e*#! / e5#/% %@e(. C'"'$#! % T'/&8 e" M#$'. 64 WWW.2%#//.')Qe/%"'(Q'/&8Q$e#Q(%#"Q3.PROLO?ObAbL. L#@'#' /', %(#%/ e@%$+', %)e"#"' 19-. H#<' *e A)/" P. /', e/#*e"e *e (% A)e"#"%. M'"! " e/$"*%(' e" $'"% *e( e/#*e"e R''/e5e(, %( )#' *e %@%<' e( #2e#%(#/2' 8%"#. Fe 2#e2@' *e( PC %)e"#"'. E" E/%*'/ U"#*'/ /e %$e$! % ('/ '/&#/%/, 8 '2#! $'" e( e/%(#"#/2' 8 /e %*+##! % (% IV I"e"%$#'"%( 8 0"*! " #2e "$(e' '/&#/% %)e"#"' e( 7 *e "'5#e2@e *e 1937. AG'/ *e// '2#! $'" (% IV I"e"%$#'"%(. 6J P%% "% e5#/#!" %$$#'/% /'@e e( %$'/' e2%"e"e %( e /e (e $'"*e"! % T'/&8 e" / 0':%*% e/%*% 2e#$%"%, 5%/e e( 8% $#%*' %$(' *e %" P%(% D'@e&, =T'/&8 e" M#$'. L% %/e$+%":% e2%"e"e>, e" I:%%(%%, "2e' 43, e"e'-<"#' 199, . 1J9-174. P%% (% #" *e( (#@' *e %8 C%, L% #:#e*% 2e#$%"% % %5/ *e( /#)(' XX, . -. T'/&8 e5#! / )#$' *e/e"(%$e e" " e' #(%*' L'/ )"/e/ *e S%(#", @(#$%*' ' (% e*#'#%( A2#$% e" 194. E" / $'"e"#*', e(%$#'"! =('/ e%%#5'/ *e / %/e/#"%' $'" (% %%#$#!" *e ('/ #2e'/ /#)"'/ *e (% $#/#/ #"e"% *e( PCM, %)8e"*' e (% '(#$% /e$e% /'5##$% ?PU '@%@(e2e"e +%@% '%*' $'" (% ''/#$#!" *e ('/ 2e#$%"'/ % (% #*e% *e $''e% $'" ('/ (%"e/ *e %/e/#"%'>, C%, '. C#., . . 66 C'))#'(%, '. C#., . 44. 67 (#" ?'&#", =L% 2ee e" M#$' *e V$' Se)e> e/$#' e" P%/ e" 2%:' *e 19J7, e*#$#!" *#)#%( F"*%$#!" A"*e N#", 8 e*#$#!" 1 *e( M%#// I"e"e A$+#5e, e" WWW.2%#//.')Qe/%"'(Q)'&#"Q19J7-/e)e.+2 E( *'$' E*%*' Re8 T#/" 2e +% $'2"#$%*' e (#" ?'&#", 0"*%*' *e( PC e" V%(e"$#% e" 191, *e, $'" e( '@, e" '(e" *e F'2%$#!" P'(#$%, "2e' 1, PRT, 197, . 4, "'% 14. P'@%@(e2e"e 0e $'" (% ((e)%*% *e C#// e 5'(5#! % @(#$% L$+% O@e%, $'2' =2%e#%( *e *#/$/#!" %% (% $'"0ee"$#% e%%'#% *e (% /e$$#!" 2e#$%"% *e (% IV I"e"%$#'"%(>. De %@#( % <"#' *e 1947 /e @(#$%'" 4 "2e'/. V%/e T'/&8#// Se#%(e/., . 66. 7 M%"e( A)#(% M'%, L% $#/#/ *e (% #:#e*% e" M#$'. O)e"e/ 8 *e/%'((', a e*#$#!", M#$', %" P%@('/ e*#', 193, . 14-149. O$%5#'
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R'*)e: A%<', L% e0'2% '(#$% 8 ('/ %#*'/ e" M#$', a e*#$#!", M#$', S#)(' XXI e*#'e/, 1979, . J. 71 O/5%(*' C'))#'(%, H#/'#% *e( '/&#/2' e" A)e"#"% 8 A2#$% L%#"%, a e*#$#!", e"'/ A#e/, E*#$#'"e/ 8, 6, . 41. R'*)e: A%<' e$#/% e =(% Re5'($#!" C@%"% '5'$! #"*#e$%2e"e *#5#/#'"e/ e" e( /e"' *e (% #:#e*% %( '2e e/e2%/ *e #"ee%$#!" *e 2$+'/ 2%#/%/ 2e#$%"'/ /'@e (%/ e/e$#5%/ e5'($#'"%#%/ %% A2#$% L%#"% e" )e"e%( 8 %% M#$' e" %#$(%. E/e '2#2#e"' *e *#$+'/ e/e2%/ /e %*<' e" " e(%"e' *e (% e/%e)#% 8 $#$%/ e5'($#'"%#%/>, e" L% e0'2% '(#$%, . J. 7 M%"e( A)#(% M'%, =Ne/' e/e"e 8 0' *e T'/&8 8 e( '/&#/2'>, e" Me2'#%, "2. 3, e"e' 6. 73 C'2"#$%$#!" e(e$!"#$% *e C#/#"% A"%8%, /e#e2@e 7. 74 A)#(% M'%, =Ne/' e/e"e>, e" Me2'#%, . JJ. 7J C'))#'(%, '. C#., . 431. =E" e( IV C'")e/' *e (% I"e"%$#'"%( 19J4, ' e 8 "' $'" @%/e e" " ')%2% =$'2"#*%* e!#$%>, e/ e% 2/ e e5#*e"e e (%/ ')%"#:%$#'"e/ '/&#/%/ e%" eeG%/ 8 e (% e/%e)#% *e e"#/2' e" %#*'/ '(#$'/ *e 2%8' #"0(e"$#% e"e ('/ %@%<%*'e/ %*'%*% $'2' $'"/e$e"$#% *e( %"e#' $'")e/' "' +%@% e/(%*' e0#$%: %% e( $e$#2#e"' *e ('/ %#*'/ '/&#/%/>, R'*)e: A%<', I:#e*%/ e..., . 1J. 76 C'))#'(%, O.$#., . 433. 77 A)#(% M'%, =Ne/' e/e"e>, e" Me2'#%, . J7, "'% . 7 R'*)e: A%<', I:#e*%/ e., . 16. 79 E( "'2@e 5e*%*e' *e P'/%*%/ e% H'2e' R!2(' C#/%((# F%/"e((#, %)e"#"' "%$#*' e" 191. De %/$e"*e"$#% #%(#%"%, $8% 0%2#(#% e% '#)#"%#% *e " e@(' ((%2%*' M%e%. Fe '@e' *e (% #"*/#% *e( :%%' 8 <)%*' '0e/#'"%( *e 0@'(. D%"e ('/ %G'/ e#"% 0e *##)e"e *e "% ')%"#:%$#!" *e %@%<%*'e/ e" C!*'@%, A)e"#"%. E" e/'/ 2#/2'/ %G'/ 0e $%"*#*%' ' e( P%#*' S'$#%(#/% O@e' e" (% P'5#"$#% *e e"'/ A#e/. P'/e#'2e"e, e" *#$#e2@e *e 1941 /e #"$''! %( P%#*' O@e' *e (% Re5'($#!" S'$#%(#/% PORS, ')%"#:%*' ' e( "'e%2e#$%"' S+e8 M%")%" %(#%/ Tee"$e P+e(%", *e(e)%*' *e( C'2# E
36
I@#*., . 9. 3 C'" e( (#*e%:)' *e P'/%*%/ % %5/ *e( ! L%#"'%2e#$%"'- e( 2'5#2#e"' '/&#/% )%"! #"0(e"$#% e"e 0e'$%#(e'/ *e C@%, 2#"e'/ *e '(#5#% 8 <'"%(e'/ *e %/#(. A %5/ *e e/e (#*e%:)', P'/%*%/ e"5#! 2#(#%"e/ %)e"#"'/ %% (% ')%"#:%$#!" *e /e$$#'"e/ "%$#'"%(e/ e" C+#(e, %/#(, Pe 8 '(#5#%. 4 A)#(% M'%, =Ne/' e/e"e>., . JJ. J M%#%", '. C#., . 1. 6 R'*)e: A%<', I:#e*%/ e, . 173. 7 V%/e C%% I"e"%$#'"%( P'/%*#/%. I/(%/ C%%":% %@%<%@% e" (% Se$e%% *e C'2"#$%$#'"e/ 8 T%"/'e/, %/%"e *e #")e"#e'. Fe e/' e" (#@e%* '5#/#'"%( e( 1 *e %@#( *e 196. E( PORT e(/! e( 11 *e <(#' *e 196 % C%('/ Fe%, " <'5e" "#5e/#%#' e *e$(%! / +'2'/e%(#*%*. C'" "% 2%$%*% #"'(e%"$#%, e( ! P'(#$' *e( PORT *e$(%! e =e/e #"*#5#*', e 2#(#! e" e( P%#*', "' +% /#*' $%%: *e '*e"% / 5#*% 8 // /e"#2#e"'/ *e %$e*' $'" (%/ e#)e"$#%/ *e (% e(e5%$#!" *e (% e5'($#!" e" e( 2"*' 8 e" M#$'>, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 9J6. 9 ?#((8 /e #"#$#! e" 194J e" (% ''/#$#!" *e (% 5e"* S'$#%(#/% e" A)e"#"%, %% %/% '/e#'2e"e %( P%#*' S'$#%(#/%. C%' %G'/ *e//, /e #"e)! e" e( ?' C%% I"e"%$#'"%(, e$'"'$#*' % %# *e 19J1 $'2' /e$$#!" %)e"#"% *e (% IV I"e"%$#'"%(, 8 e e" 19J4 /e *e"'2#"! P%#*' O@e' Re5'($#'"%#' '/&#/%. P%#$#! %$#5%2e"e e" e( 2'5#2#e"' e5'($#'"%#' 2%#/% 8 /'$#%(#/% %*e""*'/e e" (%/ ($+%/ '@e%/ *e/*e 194J +%/% 19J6. A %# *e e/% 0e$+% /%(#! % '(#5#% 8 %+ e2%"e$#! +%/% 196, %#$#%"*' %$#5%2e"e $'2' %$' *e #2e% ("e% e" (%/ 2'5#(#:%$#'"e/ '@e%/ @'(#5#%"%/, % %5/ *e( P%#*' O@e' Re5'($#'"%#', /e$$#!" @'(#5#%"% *e (% IV I"e"%$#'"%(. E" 1964 e/5' e" C+#(e, e" *#/#"'/ ()%e/ e" $'"%$' $'" %@%<%*'e/. A*e2/ $'2' %e *e / %@%<' $'2' e#'*#/% e/$#@#! $!"#$%/, %$('/ 8 e"e5#/%/, *e e/e e#'*' e/ / e"e5#/% % S%(5%*' A((e"*e. V%/e / e' P' '*'/ ('/ $%2#"'/, . J 8 19. D%"e e( 2'5#2#e"' $'"% e( e$' I)"%$#' C+5e: *e (% UNAM, /e *#<' e ?#((8 =#"$#! % ('/ e 0'2%@%" (% 0%$$#!" "#5e/#%#% *e( PORT % '2% R%*#' U"#5e/#*%* %% e *e/*e %+ @'(e#"%%" *e2%"*%/ e5'($#'"%#%/>, e" =M#(#%"e/ *e( POR, /e$$#!" 2e#$%"% *e (% IV I"e"%$#'"%( '/&#/% e /#)e" (% ("e% *e . P'/%*%/ $'"'$#*' $'2' *##)e"e *e( '/&#/2' (%#"'%2e#$%"'>, DFS, 17 <(#' 196, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 94-. 9 =?'/ '/&#/%/>, I"0'2e /#" 0e$+% 8 /#" 0#2%, 8 =S"e/#/ *e (%/ %$#5#*%*e/ /@5e/#5%/ *e( )' *e"'2#"%*' P%#*' O@e' Re5'($#'"%#' ' C%% I"e"%$#'"%( *e 0#(#%$#!" '/&#/%>, *'$2e"' e(%@'%*' ' (% /e$$#!"
37
*e #"e(#)e"$#% *e( E/%*' M%8' *e (% Se$e%% *e (% De0e"/% N%$#'"%(,$'#% *e (% DFS, M#$', 13 2%8' 1966, e" A$+#5' ?e"e%( *e (% N%$#!" e" %*e(%"e A?N, F'"*' D#e$$#!" *e I"5e/#)%$#'"e/ P'(#$%/ 8 S'$#%(e/ e" %*e(%"e FDIPS, $%<% 1974, e. /Q", 8 $%<% 966-, e. /Q", e/e$#5%2e"e. V%/e (% e(%$#!" *e 2#(#%"e/ *e( PORT @#$%*'/ ' "'2@e $'2(e' 8 %(#%/ e" e( %"e' 1 #"$(#*' %( 0#"%( *e( *'$2e"' =S"e/#/ *e (%/ %$#5#*%*e/ /@5e/#5%/ *e( )'>. 91 =L%/ )e#((%/ *e (% %$%( e%% +#/!#$%> ' e( e"#e"e $''"e( '/ M%% R'/ *e H'8'/, /@, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 9J6. 9 =S"e/#/ *e (%/ %$#5#*%*e/ /@5e/#5%/ *e( )' *e"'2#"%*' P%#*' O@e' Re5'($#'"%#' ' C%% I"e"%$#'"%( *e 0#(#%$#!" '/&#/%>, /e$$#!" *e #"e(#)e"$#% *e( E/%*' M%8' *e (% Se$e%% *e (% De0e"/% N%$#'"%(, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 966-, e. /Q". 93 =L% F"$#!" *e (%/ )e#((%/ e" (%/ ($+%/ ' e( '*e '@e'> *e . P'/%*%/, %*'%*' $'2' Re/'($#!" e" (% Re"#!" A2(#%*% *e( SI *e (% IV I"e"%$#'"%( *e 0e@e' *e 1966, e" Re5#/% M%#/% L%#"'%2e#$%"%, !)%"' *e( SI *e (% IV I"e"%$#'"%(, a '$%, %G' XIII, "2. 11-1, M'"e5#*e', U)%8, %)'/' *e 1966. 94 C%% *e . P'/%*%/ e" '(e" #"e"' =S'@e (% *ee"$#!" *e $%2%%*%/ e" M#$' 8 *e A*'(0' ?#((8>, P%#*' O@e' Re5'($#'"%#' T'/&#/%, IV I"e"%$#'"%(, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 966-A, e. /Q". 9J =E( 13 *e "'5#e2@e *e 196, " )' *e 44 '0#$#%(e/ )%e2%(e$'/ e"$%@e:%"*' "'/ *'/ 2#( /'(*%*'/ ')%"#:! "% %/'"%*% 2#(#% %% *e'$% %( )'@#e"' *e( )e"e%( M#)e( I*)'%/ Fe"e/ 19J-1963>. E/% '0#$#%(#*%* "%$#'"%(#/% ee"*#! e" " #2e 2'2e"' /!(' (% '2% *e( '*e, =%( 2%)e" *e (%/ %/#%$#'"e/ '(%e/>, e' 'e/%@% %( 2#/2' #e2' 'e e( )'@#e"' )%e2%(e$' +%@% %$$e*#*' % (% e/%e)#% "'e%2e#$%"% %% #(#:% e#'#' )%e2%(e$' e" ('/ e%%#5'/ *e #"5%/#!" % C@%. A( 0%$%/% e( (e5%"%2#e"', ('/ 2#(#%e/ /@(e5%*'/ 5#%<%'" % L% H%@%"% 8 e" "% %$#* %*#$%(#:%*% @/$%'" %'8' *e (% *##)e"$#% e5'($#'"%#% $@%"% %% ')%"#:% " )' )e#((e' e e" #e2' $'' (')%% 0':% (% '2% *e( '*e. =De e/e )' '#)#"%( *e 2#(#%e/ %(:%*'/ e" 196 "%$e% e( M'5#2#e"' Re5'($#'"%#' 13 *e N'5#e2@e MR-13 (e)' *e (% De$(%%$#!" *e (% S#e% *e M#"%/ e" 2%:' *e 196J. S #"$#%( (*e 0e A(e<%"*' *e Le!", e' %2@#" *e/%$%'" L#/ T$#'/ L#2%, M%$' A"'"#' ;'" S'/%, L#/ Te<' E/#5e(, A)/' L'%$% 8 ''/>. V%/e '/ D'2#")' C%#((' P%*#((%, =L% Re@e(#!" 0e"e %( e/e<' *e/#)%(*%* /'$#%(, *#0ee"$#%$#!" "#$% 8 /@'*#"%$#!" *e )"e' e" (% )e#((% *e ?%e2%(%. 196-1996>, e/#/ *e *'$'%*' e" $#e"$#%/ /'$#%(e/, U"#5e/#*%* A!"'2% *e A)%/$%(#e"e/, '$@e *e 6, . 4J,49-J, J-J3, 6-63. E" e/e )'
38
2#(#% /e e"$'"%@% %2@#" C%('/ P%: Te<%*%, #e" +%@% /#*' 2#"#/' *e C'2"#$%$#'"e/ e" e( )'@#e"' *e %$%@' A@e": %/ / *e'$%2#e"', P%: Te<%*% /%(#! %( e#(#'. Le)', e" 2%:' *e 196 0'2! %e *e (% *##)e"$#% *e( MR-13. A( 0%$%/% (% )e#((%, P%: Te<%*% /e e#(#! e" M#$', e" *'"*e %@%, e" L% '"%*%, *'2#")' J "'5#e2@e 6, . 4. 96 (#' C/% M%$%/ *e(#"e% e( e0#( *e ;'" S'/%, % #e" $%(#0#$% *e( 2e"'/ 2#(#%#/% *e ('/ %e *e ('/ $'"5e"#'/ e/%*'"#*e"/e/ %"#)e#((e'/ 8 *e ('/ ')%2%/ *e B($+% e" (% <")(%. Fe '0#$#%(e/ #"e)%*'/ % (% ($+% %2%*%, #e" %%*!<#$%2e"e /e +%@% e"e"%*' e" F' ?((#$&, P%"%2, =$'2' /#e2e 28 /e"/#@(e % ('/ /e"#2#e"'/ *e / '%>. L' $%(#0#$% *e /e"$#((', 2'*e/', +'"%*', e$' 8 %)2#$', 8 #e" +%@% +ee*%*' =(% $'"<"$#!" *e 5%('e/ #"*)e"%/ /'@e5#5#e"e/ *e / '#)e" 2e/#:' 8 #: (% %$#e"$#% 8 0(e2% *e // %"$e/'/ $+#"'/>. AG%*e M%$%/ =Le *e/%)%*%@% (% %$#* *e ('/ $'2"#/%/ )%e2%(e$'/ 0e"e % (% U"#!" S'5##$% 2/ ' %:'"e/ #"/#"#5%/ 8 #: e(%$#'"%*%/ $'" // %"e%/%*'/, (e ((%2%'" (% %e"$#!" (% e5'($#!" $+#"% 8 /'@e '*' (% 5#e"%2#%>. 97 C%#((' P%*#((%, '. C#., . 63. 9 =Ce% ('/ !)%"'/ *e *'@(e '*e> ' . P'/%*%/ e" Re5#/% M%#/% L%#"'%2e#$%"%, !)%"' *e( SI *e (% IV I"e"%$#'"%(, a '$%, %G' XIII, "2e' 11-1, M'"e5#*e', U)%8, %)'/' 1966, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<%9J7-, e. /Q". 99 =L% 0"$#!" *e (%/ )e#((%/ e" (%/ ($+%/ ' e( '*e '@e'> *e . P'/%*%/, %*'%*' $'2' Re/'($#!" e" (% Re"#!" A2(#%*% *e( SI *e (% IV I"e"%$#'"%( *e 0e@e' *e 1966, e" Re5#/% M%#/% L%#"'%2e#$%"%, !)%"' *e( SI *e (% IV I"e"%$#'"%(, a '$%, %G' XIII, "2e' 11-1, M'"e5#*e', U)%8, %)'/' 1966, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 9J7-, e. /Q". V%/e =T+e )e#((% 2'5e2e" #" ?%e2%(%> *e A*'(0' ?#((8, e" M'"+(8 Re5#eW, %" #"*ee"*e" /'$#%(#/ 2%)%:#"e, 5'(. 17, "2e'/ 1 8 , 196J. L% /e)"*% %e e/ %*$#*% ' (% DIPS, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 9J7, e. /Q". 1 C%% *e . P'/%*%/ e" '(e" #"e"' =S'@e (% *ee"$#!" *e $%2%%*%/ e" M#$' 8 *e A*'(0' ?#((8. P%#*' O@e' Re5'($#'"%#' T'/&#/% IV I"e"%$#'"%(>, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 966-A, e. /Q". 11 =L% 0"$#!" *e (%/ )e#((%/ e" (%/ ($+%/ ' e( '*e '@e'>, 8% $#%*'. 1 =O)e"e/ *e( e"0e"%2#e"' %2%*' 196-197>, e" ?%e2%(% Me2'#% *e( /#(e"$#', C'2#/#!" %% e( e/$(%e$#2#e"' +#/!#$' CEH e" e( We@/#e *e( P')%2% *e C#e"$#% 8 Dee$+'/ H2%"'/ *e (% A/'$#%$#!" A2e#$%"% *e( A5%"$e *e (% C#e"$#%, 8 A"% M%% R'*%/, =Mee *e " ?e#((e' e' *e "% e"e5#/% +e$+% % C/% M'"e/ $8' "'2@e 5e*%*e' e/ (#' C/% M%$%/, e" E( Pe#!*#$', e" WWW.(#e%%)%e2%(e$%.')Q2'"e/1.+2. Se)" (% 5e/#!" *e C/% M'"e/, ('/ 2e#$%"'/ 8 %)e"#"'/ e /e e(%$#'"%'" $'" e( MR-13 =/e
39
#"'*. Se)" e/% 2#/2% 5e/#!", ;'" S'/% ="' e/%@% $'" e(('/>. A"e 2e %e$e e #e"e '$% 5e'/#2#(#* 'e "' e/ '/#@(e e e( PORT /e +%8% e(%$#'"%*' $'" e( MR-13, /#" e (% *##)e"$#% *e /e "' /#e% *e/*e e( #"#$#' *e( $'"%$' $'" $( )' '(#$' e/%@% %%"*'. 13 =Mee *e " )e#((e'>, $#%*' /%. 14 L% T#$'"#"e"%(, $'2' / "'2@e (' #"*#$%, %)! % *#/#"'/ 2'5#2#e"'/ e5'($#'"%#'/ e e" e/ $'"#"e"e/ A2#$%, A/#% 8 0#$% @/$%@%" (% $''*#"%$#!" *e // ($+%/ )e#((e%/ $'" %'8' *e( )'@#e"' $@%"'. A ('/ '/&#/%/ /e (e/ %$/! *e /e =%)e"e/ *e (% CIA>. V%/e R@" Ae'(% A:2##%, =L'/ %$e*'/ *e P%: *e" ?%e2%(%. Se %$%@! (% )e#((% e" Ce"'%2#$%>, e" P%"'%2% I"e"%$#'"%(, "2e' 6, e" WWW.)e'$##e/.$'2Q@('$%Q#64.+26. C%/' +#:' "% (%)% $'"*e"% $'"% e( '/&#/2' (%#"'%2e#$%"'. E/e$0#$%2e"e, /e e0##! % (% e(%$#!" e"e e( MR-13 8 ('/ '/%*#/%/, %/e)%"*' e /'/ e%" %)e"e/ *e( #2e#%(#/2' 8%"#, e =+% /%*' "% *e (%/ $#$%/ 2/ /#(e/ %% (##*% " 2'5#2#e"' e5'($#'"%#', e 0e 0#(%(e ('/ %)e"e/ *e (% C%% I"e"%$#'"%(, e ' #)"'%"$#% '(#$% *e( *##)e"e #"$#%( *e e/e 2'5#2#e"' /e e0#ee % ;'" S'/% (' +#$#e'" %*'% "%*% 2e"'/ e e/% $'/% *e/%$e*#%*%, e/% $'/% %"#+#/!#$%, e/% $'/% 0%*(e"% e e2%"% *e e(e2e"'/ %" $'2'@%*%2e"e %( /e5#$#' *e( #2e#%(#/2' 8%"#, $'2' e/ e( ')%2% *e (% C%% I"e"%$#'"%(>, e" WWW.$@%.$Q)'@#e"'Q*#/$/'/Q1966Qe/Q01J166e.+2(. V%/e % H%"/e", '. C#., . 6. A *#0ee"$#% *e F#*e( C%/', E"e/' C+e ?e5%% /e %$e$! %( $'"'$#2#e"' *e( '/&#/2'. U" e. P' e( PORT %)e"#"' (' 0#2! A")e( F%"<( ' e( PORT $+#(e"', He"" P%*' ' e( PORT *e M#$', Fe(#e ?%(5" ' e( PORT *e( U)%8, L#/ N%)#(, 8 ' e( PORT e%"', M%"e( Ye)%%, e" A$+#5' *e( Ce"' *e E/*#'/ *e( M'5#2#e"' S'$#%(#/% CEMOS, $%<% CM-CNED, 196-1969. 1J C%% *e . P'/%*%/ e" '(e" #"e"' =S'@e (% *ee"$#!" *e $%2%%*%/ e" M#$' 8 *e A*'(0' ?#((8. P%#*' O@e' Re5'($#'"%#' T'/&#/% IV I"e"%$#'"%(>, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 966, e. /Q". 16 =O)e"e/ *e( e"0e"%2#e"' %2%*' 196-197>, e" ?%e2%(% Me2'#% *e( /#(e"$#', C'2#/#!" %% e( e/$(%e$#2#e"' +#/!#$' CEH, e" e( We@/#e *e( P')%2% *e C#e"$#% 8 Dee$+'/ H2%"'/ *e (% A/'$#%$#!" A2e#$%"% *e( A5%"$e *e (% C#e"$#%. Se)" (% 5e/#!" *e C/% M'"e/, "
40
%#e"e *e L#/ E$+e5e% (e/ ''$#'"%@% %2%/ 8 ee$+'/ 2#(#%e/, e" =Mee *e " ?e#((e'>, $#%*' /%. 17 (#' C/% M%$%/, M# $%2#"' (% )e#((%, e/e"%$#!" *e C%('/ M'"e2%8', M#$', e*#'#%( P(%"e%, 1999, . 1J1. M%#%", '. C#., . 13. 1 Ve e( e' *e ?#((8 #(%*' =De0e"/% P'(#$%>, e e/ / %(e)%' ee/' %"e C%/#%"' C%/e((%"'/, 2%)#/%*' *e( P#2e T#@"%( U"#%#' *e( P#2e C#$#', M#$', D.F., 7 *e '$@e *e 1969, $%"*' 8% +%@%" %"/$#*' e/ %G'/ *e / e"$%$e(%2#e"' #2e/' $'" /e"e"$#% *e 6 %G'/ 8 e/ 2e/e/. E( e' /e e'*$e e" P' '*'/ ('/ $%2#"'/, . 13-. S/ *e$(%%$#'"e/ %( /e *ee"#*' 8 / $'"/#)"%$#!", e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 1J76-. 19 Ve =?'/ T'/&#/%/>, 8% $#%*', 8 =S"e/#/ *e (%/ %$#5#*%*e/ /@5e/#5%/ *e( )' *e"'2#"%*' P%#*' O@e' Re5'($#'"%#' ' C%% I"e"%$#'"%( *e 0#(#%$#!" T'/&#/%>, *'$2e"' e(%@'%*' ' (% /e$$#!" *e #"e(#)e"$#% *e( E/%*' M%8' *e (% Se$e%% *e (% De0e"/% N%$#'"%(, $'#% *e (% DFS, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 966-, e. /Q". L'/ +e2%"'/ V%)%/ S%()e' '2'5#e'" " <#$#' *e %2%' e" "'5#e2@e *e 1967, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 1466-, e. 11. 11 Ve ('/ #"0'2e/ *e (% *ee"$#!" *e C'(2e"%e/, $'" // %"e$e*e"e/, // *e$(%%$#'"e/ 8 / $'"/#)"%$#!", e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 9J7-D. 111 L% $%% /e #"$(8! e" e( '(e" #"e"' =S'@e (% *ee"$#!" *e $%2%%*%/ e" M#$' 8 *e A*'(0' ?#((8>, . P'/%*%/, P%#*' O@e' Re5'($#'"%#' T'/&#/% IV I"e"%$#'"%(, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 966-A, e. /Q". 11 C%% *e . P'/%*%/ e" '(e" #"e"', $#%*' /%. 113 D'$2e"' *e (% /e$$#!" /e)"*% *e #"e(#)e"$#% *e( E/%*' M%8' *e (% SDN, 13 2%8' 1966, $'" ('/ %"e$e*e"e/, #"5e/#)%$#!", *e$(%%$#'"e/ 8 $'"$(/#'"e/ %$e$% *e ('/ 2#(#%e/ %e/%*'/, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 1J76-. 114 =Me*#*%/ *e $(%"*e/#"#*%*>, e" A?NQFDIPS, $%<% 966-A, e. /Q", e" *'"*e /e /eG%(%@% e($#%2e"e e e( PORT *e@e% =$e% 0#(%/, $#*%/e @#e", e e( $(%"*e/#"%. V%/e %2@#" e( *'$2e"' =M#(#%"e/ *e( P%#*' O@e' Re5'($#'"%#', /e$$#!" 2e#$%"% *e (% IV I"e"%$#'"%( '/&#/% e /#)e" (% ("e% *e . P'/%*%/, $'"'$#*' $'2' *##)e"e *e( '/&#/2' (%#"'%2e#$%"'>, DFS, 17 <(#' 196, e" A?NQFDIPS, 5'(. 94-. 11J V$' M%"e( ?#e:, *##)e"e *e( P?T Le'"%*' C%/#((' F('e/, (*e $%2e/#"' $'2"#/%, 8 4 )%e2%(e$'/ 2/. V%/e E*%*' I@%%, =C'"'(')% $'2%%#5%>, e" A"'(*' M%"e: Ve*)', e*., H#/'#% *e( $'2"#/2' e" M#$', e*#'#%( ?#<%(@', 19J, . 4JJ. 116 D%5#* A)#(% M'% %(#%/ "' ' M%"e(, /e +%$% ((%2% C/% V:e: %!" ' V#$e"e R#: O$+'%, "%$#! e( 9 *e *#$#e2@e *e 1939 e" C+#+%+%, C+#+., e$'"'2#/%. T%% %/ *e / "% (%)% ee#e"$#% *e 2#(#%"$#%
41
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