A Study on the Effectiveness of the Newly Improvised Beep Machine System Used by Light Rail Transit
A Baby Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Adamson University College of Liberal Arts Languages Department
In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements in Technical English
Estanislao, Angel Diane P. Fameronag, Kathryn Gasmin, Hyacinth T. October, 2015
Approval Sheet
In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Technical English, this baby thesis entitled, “A Study on the Effectiveness of the Newly Improvised Beep Machine System Used by Light Rail Transit” written by Angel Diane P. Estanislao, Kathryn Fameronag and Hyacinth Gasmin is hereby recommended for approval.
____________________
___________________________
Date
Bryan Eli B. Sadorra, M.A., Ll.B.
Oral Examinations Approved and accepted with a grade of ______.
____________________
____________________ ____________________
Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction In our everyday life, people go back and forth to different places. Different kinds of transportations are being used by people particularly by the students, office workers and everyday commuters for them to go to their destinations. Most commonly used vehicles are buses, vans, FX’s, and tricycles, but because of the increasing number of vehicles, the traffic becomes much greater and the time of the people are being wasted. In order to give solution to this problem, the government built an alternative way known as the Light Rail Transit. It is being used by most of the commuters because of its fast and affordable fare. But as the population of commuters goes high, the efficiency of the LRT goes down. There is always a time in which the machine used in LRT is not working properly causing too much delay in many commuters. LRTA wanted to ease the delay that the commuters experience whenever they ride LRT and hope the queue time for passengers will be minimized coming up to an idea of introducing to public the BEEP Card, this card will serve as the ticket of the commuters. Earlier this year, the LRTA started a new project in which the machines used in LRT stations will be upgraded. Today, some stations are now using the BEEP Card in LRT. As soon as the new ticketing system was implemented, many opinions, feedbacks and reactions were heard from the commuters. Some were negative comments but most of it were positive. The effectiveness of the Newly Improvised Beep Machine used by Light Rail Transit is being studied in this paper. These will include the advantages and disadvantages of the Beep Card and how it will be use, how it can lessen the time of the commuters and in what way this can be less useful.
Statement of the Problem
Major Problem: How effective is the newly improvised Beep Machine for the Light Rail Transit commuters? Minor Problem: 1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of: a. Profession b. Financial Status c. Nationality d. Gender e. Age 2. How effective is the newly improvised Beep Machine for the Light Rail Transit commuters particularly in terms of: a. Speed b. Accessibility c. Reliability d. Time e. Service f. Mode of Payment
Scope and Limitations of the Study This study deals on the effectiveness of the Newly Improvised Beep Machine System used by Light Rail Transit. It tackles the benefits of riding the LRT in terms of transportation and how convenient it is for the people riding on it. The respondents of the study is limited only for the students, office workers and commuters who were always using. The scope of this study is on how the beep card machine is working and on how it can lessen the time of the commuters in entering the station. It also involves the study on how the machine is upgraded into much effective and easier way.
Significance of the Study
This study on effectiveness of the Newly Improvised Beep Machine will be efficient to the students, office workers or the daily commuters and passenger of Light Rail Transit. To the students. The study will be helpful to the students because it can help them a lot in going back and forth to the school. They will not be hassled anymore in taking a ride in order for them to arrive early in school. There is a great difference between the old system and the newly beep machine today. To the office workers. The study will be helpful to the office workers because they will be inform about the Newly Tap and Go ticketing system of Light Rail Transit and how it will benefit
them in their everyday life as a
commuter. By the effectiveness of the machine, workers can took a lot of benefits because they can lessen the time needed lining up to buy tickets. In this way, they will not be going to be late and they can easily start the work without being stressed or tired. This study can really convince them to use the new Beep Card. To the Management of Light Rail Transit. The study will be helpful to the Management of Light Rail Transit because commuters will give their comments regarding in the new process of ticketing. The management or Light Rail Transit will be able to determine if the outcome is positive or not for them to improve the process itself. It will help them to fix their errors so they will improve it for the commuters. To the spokesperson. The study will be helpful to the spokesperson for how they will take the disadvantages of the new ticketing system as a challenge for them to improve it.
Definition of Terms The following terms are used in the study:
1. System
System is a set of detailed methods, procedures and routines created to carry
out
a
specific activity,
perform
a duty,
or
solve
a problem.
2. Tap and Go System
Tap and Go System is the new ticketing system offered by the Department of Transportation and Communications to shorten queuing time and make transfers from one rail to another effortlessly by tapping the beep card.
3. Light Rail Transit
An urban public transport using rolling stock similar to a tramway, but operating at a higher capacity, and often on an exclusive right- of - way.
4. Beep Card
It is a reloadable contactless smart card aimed to be a replacement for the magnetic card-based system in paying rail based rapid transit transportation fares in in and around Metro Manila
Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies
What is beep card? According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beep (2015) Beep card is a reloadable contactless smart card aimed to be a replacement for the magnetic card-based system in paying rail based rapid transit transportation fares in and around Metro Manila. Beep is also aimed to be used in lieu of cash in some convenience stores and other businesses. The Beep system is implemented and operated by AF Payments Incorporated, which is primarily owned by Ayala Corporation and Metro Pacific Investments Corporation.
According to http://www.interaksyon.com (2015) the beep card ticketing system also known as the tap- and – go system or the Contactless Automatic Fare Collection System (AFCS) is the DOTC’s first Public- Private Partnership (PPP) project under the Aquino administration.
What is Ticket Vending Machine? According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticket_machine (2015) A Ticket Vending Machine, is a vending machine that produces tickets. For instance, ticket machines dispense train tickets at railway stations, transit tickets at metro stations and tram tickets at some tram stops and in some trams. The typical transaction consists of a user using the display interface to select the type and quantity of tickets and then choosing a payment method of either cash, credit/debit card or smartcard. The ticket or tickets are printed and dispensed to the user.
According to http://www.unlijavarice.com (2015), Beep Card System Procedure is done by:
How to purchase Beep Smart Card – Stored Value Card (SVC): 1) Proceed to the ticket sales booth or Beep Agents in the station. Pay a one-time fee of Php 20 for the card. Purchase any fare that is not lower than your destination based on the station fare matrix. Store up value equivalent to Php 10,000 worth of rides. The SVC can be used up to four (4) years. 2) Proceed to Ticket Vending Machine (TVM). Choose Stored Value Card option on the TVM screen. Insert the bills or coins for payment. Get the SVC from the ticket bin.
How to use Beep Smart Card – Stored Value Card (SVC): 1) Tap the Beep Smart Card (SVC) at the Entry Gate before proceeding to the platform. 2) Tap the Beep Smart Card (SVC) at the Exit Gate when leaving the station.
How to Reload Beep Smart Card – Stored Value Card (SVC): 1) Proceed to Ticket Vending Machine (TVM). Place the Beep Smart Card (SVC) on the TVM reader. Press the “Add Value” option on the screen. Insert the bills equivalent to the amount that you desire.
Take note that the TVM Reload scheme require exact amount.
The amount of the bills you have inserted will be credited to your Beep Smart Card (SVC) load. Wait for the transaction to finish as indicated by “Transaction Successful” on the TVM screen and verify the amount that has been loaded in your Beep Smart Card (SVC). 2) Proceed to any ticket sales booth and ask for assistance.
How to purchase Beep Smart Card – Single Journey Tickets (SJT): Tickets are available in all LRT and MRT stations ticket booths. Can be used only from the station where it was bought. For one time use only.
How to use Beep Smart Card – Single Journey Tickets (SJT): 1) Tap the Beep Smart Card (SJT) at the Gate before proceeding to the platform. 2) Insert the Beep Smart Card (SJT) at the turnstiles when exiting.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Newly Improvised Beep Machine?
According to http://www.gmanetwork.com/ (2015) there are many advantages and disadvantages that will benefit and will be helpful to many people who are using the newly improvised beep machine. First, the time and effort of the people will be lessen due to the fast and convenient process of the system. Second, the contactless card can be loaded easily and can be used for three rail lines. It can also be purchased for only twenty pesos for one ride, and can be valid for four years. Lastly, unused value can be transferred to a new card.
According to http://www.philstar.com/ LRT spokesman Hernandez Cabrera said, they want to try how the vendor machines will be used by the passengers and will they be able to read instructions of the said machine. The administration is also trying to implement beep card in different type of transportation also in purchasing goods so when that time comes the transportation and purchasing will be just an instant and hassle free.
According to http://www.philstar.com/ (2015) DOTC and LRT Authority (LRTA) envisioned the shift to contactless Automated Fare Collection System (AFCS) to enable seamless transfers from one metro line to another through a unified ticketing scheme. By implementing AFCS, DOTC and LRTA hope the queue time for passengers will be minimized. “This tap-and-go ticketing system will not only improve the commuting experience for train riders, it will also usher in a culture of cashless transactions across different industries,” DOTC Secretary Jun Abaya said.
What is the difference between the Newly Improvised Beep Card from Magnetic Stripe Fare Card?
According to http://dwdd.com.ph/ (2015) BEFORE
WHAT’S NEW?
MAGNETIC STRIPE FARE CARD
NEWLY IMPROVISED BEEP CARD
LINE SPECIFIC
SEAMLESS TRANSFER
The current magnetic stripe fare card can
The new Contactless Card can be used for
only be used on a particular line.
three (3) rail lines: LRT-1, LRT-2, and MRT-3.
CARD TYPES
CARD TYPES
1.
1.
Single Journey Tickets (SJT) – Price
depends on the fare matrix per train station.
Single Journey Tickets (SJT) – Price
depends on the fare matrix per train station 2.
Stored Value Card (SVC) or beep™ card –
can be purchased for only P20 (one-time card fee) and can be loaded with as little as P12 to as much as P10, 000. It can be used for all three train lines and is valid for 4 2.
Stored Value Card (SVC) – comes in only
one denomination (P150), can be used only
years. After 4 years, the unused value can be transferred to a new card.
for either the LRT or MRT and is only valid for three (3) months. After three months, the
No need to surrender the Beep card after the
unused value in the card will be void.
load has been consumed.
MULTIPLE POINTS OF PURCHASE The new Contactless Stored Value Card (beep™ card) can be purchased and reloaded at the following venues: LIMITED POINT OF PURCHASE
(1) Train Stations – Over the Counter and
The current magnetic stripe fare card can
from the Ticket Vending Machines (TVMs)
only be purchased at train stations.
(2) and soon from selected merchant partners outside of the train stations.
CARD VALIDITY, LOAD TRANSFERABILITY CARD VALIDITY, LOAD TRANSFERABILITY
(1) SJT – valid only on the date of purchase.
(1) SJT – Valid on the date of purchase;
Can only be used to enter the station where
transferrable.
the card was purchased, transferable.
(2) SVC – Valid for three months from the fate of purchase; transferrable.
(2) SVC or beep™ card – valid for four years from date of purchase, transferable (except for the personalized concessionary cards).
EXCLUSIVE USE
MULTIPLE USES
The current magnetic stripe fare card (SJT
The new beep™ card will initially be valid for
the three (3) train lines (LRT 1, LRT2 and MRT3) but plans are in place to also make it available for other public transportation like buses and taxis, and for purchasing goods and services from other merchant partners and SVC) can only be used to enter a
(fast food outlets, convenience stores, toll
particular rail line.
ways, parking, etc.)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Newly Improvised Beep Machine?
There are many advantages and disadvantages that will benefit and will be helpful to many people who are using the newly improvised beep machine. First, the time and effort of the people will be lessen due to the fast and convenient process of the system. Second, the contactless card can be loaded easily and can be used for three rail lines. It can also be purchased for only twenty pesos for one ride, and can be valid for four years. Lastly, unused value can be transferred to a new card. According to LRT spokesman Hernandez Cabrera, they want to try how the vendo machines will be used by the passengers and will they be able to read instructions of the said machine. The administration is also trying to implement beep card in different type of transportation also in purchasing goods so when that time comes the transportation and purchasing will be just an instant and hassle free.
What is Smart Card? According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_card, Smart card communicates with and is powered by the reader through RF induction
technology. These cards require only proximity to an antenna to communicate. Contactless cards do not have an internal power source. Instead, they use an inductor to capture some of the incident radiofrequency interrogation signal, rectify it, and use it to power the card’s electronics.
Chapter 3 Methodology Research Design
This study about the effectiveness of newly improvised Beep Machine used by the Light Rail Transit uses descriptive type.
Descriptive Research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe “what exists” with respect to variables or conditions in a situation. The methods involved range from the survey which describes the status quo, the correlation study which investigates the relationship between variables, to developmental studies. (Key, 1997) Instrumentation This study uses survey forms as its instruments. Survey methodology studies the sampling of individual units from a population and the associated survey data collection techniques, such as questionnaire construction and methods for improving the number and accuracy of responses to surveys. (www.wikipedia.com) Sampling Techniques Students were chosen using probability sampling technique. Sampling is the use of a subset of the population to represent the whole population. Probability sampling, or random sampling, is a sampling technique in which the probability of getting any particular sample may be calculated. (www.wikipedia.com)
Chapter 4 Presentation of Data I. Demographic Profile Age 15 yrs. or below 16 - 25 yrs. Old 26 - 35 yrs. Old 36 - 45 yrs. Old 46 - 55 yrs. Old Total
Frequency 0 23 6 2 4 35
Percentage 0 66 17 6 11 100
Figure 1. The age of respondents Figure 1 explains the age of the respondents. 0 out of 35 or 0% of the respondents belongs to the age bracket of 15 years old or below.23 out of 35 or 66% of the respondents belongs to the age bracket of 16-25 years old. 6 out of 35 or 17% of the respondents belongs to the age bracket of 26-35 years old.2 out of 35 or 6% of the respondents belongs to the age brackets of 36-45 years old and 4 out of 35 or 11% of the respondents belongs to the age brackets of 46-55 years old and above.
Gender Male Female Total
Frequency 15 20 35 Figure 2. The gender of respondents
Percentage 43 57 100
Figure 2 illustrates the gender of the respondents. It shows that 15 out of 35 or 43% of respondents are male and 20 out of 35 or 57% of respondents are female.
Profession Student Rank-and-File Employee Supervisory and Managerial Employee Others Total
Frequency 19 6
Percentage 54 17
6 4 35
17 11 100
Figure 3. The profession of respondents Figure 3 shows the profession of the respondents. It shows that 19 out of 35 or 54% of respondents are students.6 out of 35 or 17% of respondents are rank-and-file employee. 6 out of 35 or 17% of respondents are supervisory and managerial employee and 4 out of 35 or 11% are others. Monthly Family Income Frequency Percentage Php 10,000.00 or below 4 11 Php 11,001.00 to 9 26 20,000.00 Php 20,001.00 to 5 14 30,000.00 Php 30,001.00 to 2 6 40,000.00 Php 40,001.00 to 4 11 50,000.00 More than Php 11 31 50,000.00 Total 35 100 Figure 4. The monthly family income of the respondents Figure 4 illustrates the monthly family income of the respondents. Out of our 35 respondents, 4 or 11% have an income of Php 10,000 or below. Out of our 35 respondents, 9 or 26% have an income of Php 11,001 to Php 20,000. Out of our 35 respondents, 5 or 14% have an income of Php 20,001 to Php 30,000. Out of our 35 respondents, 2 or 6% have an income of Php 30,001 to Php 40,000. Out of our 35 respondents, 4 or 11% have an income of Php 40, 0001 to Php 50,000. Out of our 35 respondents, 11 or 31% have an income of more than Php50, 000.
Nationality Filipino Others Total
Frequency Percentage 35 100 0 0 35 100 Figure 5. The nationality of respondents
Figure 6 illustrates the nationality of the respondents. 35 out of 35 or 100% of the respondents are Filipino. 0 out of 30 or 0% of the respondents are others.
II. Survey Proper
Yes No Total
Frequency 24 11 35 Figure 6. Speed
Percentage 69 31 100
Figure 6: Illustrates the speed of the newly improvised beep machine used by lrt. 24 out of 35 or 69% of the respondents agree that it is faster to use the beep machine in entering the station than the old one while 11 out of 35 or 31% of the respondents do not agree that the newly improvised beep machine is faster to use in entering the station than the old one. Thus, the newly improvised beep machine is faster to use than the old one in entering the station.
Yes No Undecided Total
Frequency 16 17 2 35 Figure 7. Accessibility
Percentage 46 49 6 100
Figure 7 explains the accessibility of the beep machines in other stations. 16 out of 35 or 46% of the respondents agree that the beep machine is accessible to other stations while 17 out of 35 or 49% of the
respondents do not agree that the beep machine is accessible to other stations and 2 out of 35 or 6% of the respondents are undecided. Thus, the newly improvised beep machine is not accessible to other stations.
Yes No Total
Frequency 27 8 35 Figure 8. Reliability
Percentage 77 29 100
Figure 13 shows the reliability of the beep machine. 27 out of 35 or 77% of the respondents agree that beep machine is reliable to use while 8 out of 35 or 29% of the respondents do not agree that the beep machine is reliable to use. Therefore, the beep machine is reliable to use.
Yes No Undecided Total
Frequency 15 19 1 35 Figure 9. Time
Percentage 43 54 3 100
Figure 9 explains if the beep machine can lessen the travel time of the respondents. 15 out of 35 or 43% of the respondents say that the beep machine can lessen their travel time while 19 out of 35 or 54% of the respondents say that the beep machine can lessen their travel time and 1 out of 35 or 3% of the respondents is undecided. Therefore, the beep machine cannot lessen their travel time.
Yes No Total
Frequency 31 4 35 Figure 10. Service
Percentage 89 11 100
Figure 10: The service of the newly improvised beep machine shows that 31 out of 35 or 89% of the respondents agree that it is favourable for
them to load their own card while 4 out of 35 or 11% of the respondents do not agree. Thus, the service in the new system is favourable.
Yes No Total
Frequency 23 12 35 Figure 11. Mode of Payment
Percentage 66 34 100
Figure 11.The mode of payment explains 23 out of 35 or 66% of the respondents agree that the collection of payment in beep machine is better than the old one while 12 out of 35 or 34% of the respondents do not agree that the collection of payment in beep machine is better than the old one. Thus, the collection of payment in beep machine is better than the old one.
The Effectiveness of Newly Improvised Beep Machine used by Light Rail Transit
Researcher: Angel Diane P. Estanislao Kathryn F. Fameronag Hyacinth T. Gasmin
Instructions: Please check the box that corresponds to your answer.
I – Demographic Profile: Name: (Optional) Profession: Student Rank – and – File Employee Supervisory and Managerial Employee Others (please specify) ___________________ Monthly Family Income: 10,000.00 or below 11,0001.00 to 20,000.00 20,001.00 to 30,000.00 30,001.00 to 40,000.00 40,001.00 to 50,000.00 More than 50,000.00 Nationality: Filipino Others (please specify) _________________ Gender: Male Female Age: 15 years old or below 26-35 years old 36 – 45 years old 46 – 55 years old or above II. Survey Proper
1. Is it faster to use the beep machine in entering the station than the old one?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Yes No Is the beep machine accessible to other stations? Yes No Is the beep machine reliable to use? Yes No Does the Beep Machine lessen your travel time? Yes No Is it favorable to you to load your own card in the amount that you want? Yes No Is the collection of payment in Beep Machine better than the old machine? Yes No
Bibliography
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beep
http://www.unlijavarice.com http://www.interaksyon.com https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticket_machine http://www.gmanetwork.com http://www.philstar.com http://dwdd.com.ph
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_card
