TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE, TULJAPUR
MASWRD- Second Year
Name: Tekumal Tekumal Santhosh Santhosh Roll No: 55
Research Proposal (Primar Dra!t" Topic:
A study on Education in the Waddera Waddera community, a Denotified tribe in Mahabubnagar district of Andhra pradesh #
Su$mitted under the %uidance o! Dr# Niladri Sekhar Dhar
Introduction :
&'ducation is the process $ hich the social %roups maintain their continuous e)istence*- +ohn Dee ,ndia is a strati!ied societ in terms o! caste and class# A!ter ears o! ,ndependence still ascri$ed discrimination e)ist in the ,ndian societ# .pportunities o! a child are determined $ his/her $irth in that particular social %roup# ,ndian constitution hich as adopted in the ear 0152 pro3ided pro3inces !or the upli!tment o! 4ackard classes Schedule 6astes and Schedule tri$es Denoti!ied tri$es and Nomadic tri$es and minorities# So %o3ernment pro%rams ere tar%eted at these particular %roups# Due to ascri$ed criminalit to Denoti!ed tri$es and nomadic li!estle o! the tri$es %o3ernment pro%rams ere una$le to reach them0# ,n 0780 4ritish pro3isional %o3ernment noti!ied some communities as criminal tri$es under &6riminal Tri$es Act*# This act led to sti%mati9in% particular communities as criminals and their mo3ements ere restricted# Due to this people o! the noti!ed tri$es ere oppressed economicall sociall and politicall# Another similar criminal tri$es act came in the ear 0100# 6riminal Act in 0780 as onl applied to certain pro3inces in Northern ,ndia $ut 0100 criminal tri$es act applied hole 4ritish ,ndia# ;or the !irst time criminal tri$es act as applied to the Madras state# 0100 act as pre3enti3e $ut not correcti3e hence 4ritish %o3ernment made amendments in the ears 01<=01<> to the acts and took correcti3e steps like settlements o! the tri$es in particular areas and pro3idin% them the $asic education# These steps ere una$le to stop the oppression o! these communities and thus this draconian act as repelled a!ter ,ndependence $ ?o3ernment o! ,ndia in the ear 015<# There are 017 denoti!ied tri$es in ,ndia# ,n 015< around si)t si) entries ere Denoti!ied in madras State and = ere denoti!ed in @dera$ad state#= (4e!ore !ormation o! Andhra Pradesh state Seemandhra Re%ion as in Madras state hile Telan%ana as in @dera$ad state"# Thou%h the act as repelled state ise @a$itual o!!enders act came into the e)istence and oppression continued on these communities# ,n the same line Andhra Pradesh @a$itual .!!enders Act 01< came into e)istence hich had similar pro3isions to The 6riminal Tri$al act# arious committees like kaka kelkar commission(0155" Andhra Pradesh Tri$es enBuir committee(01=" Anantha raman commission(017" 4alkrishna Renake commission(<22>" and Technical Ad3isor ?roup(<22" studied the depri3ations o! these communities# There is no authentic in!ormation a$out the population o! DNTS in arious states/CTS# A rou%h estimate $ased on the 01=0 census and the other rele3ant in!ormation put population $eteen02-0< crores#= Due to the 3arious !orms o! oppressions on these communities &'ducation* is alienated !rom Dentoi!ed tri$es# Not $ein% educated is a tremendous depri3ation and this ill lead to e)treme case o! insecurit and the a$sence o! an chance a3oidin% the !ate#> @ence the researcher is interested in studin% the current status o! education and perception a$out education in Denoti!ied tri$es in Andhra Pradesh#
Motivation: The directi3e principles o! ,ndian constitution and Article <0-A ensures the !ree and compulsor education !or A%e -0> ears shos us the ?o3ernment priorit !or education# ,n the Tel!th !i3e ear plan (<228-<20<" emphasis $een placed on 'ducation as central instrument !or achie3in% rapid and inclusi3e %roth#5 This helped ,ndia mo3in% toards uni3ersali9ation o! education $ut due to the di!!erent cultural economic social conditions o! the people e can see the di!!erence in accessin% the educational opportunities# To Buote Dre9e in this conte)t* 'ducation disparities hich contri$ute a %reat deal to persistence o! massi3e ineBualities in ,ndian societ also lar%el deri3e !rom !undamental ineBualities such as those o! class caste and %ender*# This disparities e!!ects can $e seen in @i%her dropout rates o! Schedule Tri$es Schedule castes and loer attendance o! students !rom these sections# A!ter denoti!ication o! communities in the ear 015< the ere listed in 4ackard classes or Schedule tri$es $ the respecti3e state commissions# Anantha raman 6ommission in Andhra Pradesh listed all the denoti!ied tri$es in 4ackard 6lassA# 8 Maor studies ere directed at Schedule catses and Schedule Tri$es $ut due to the inclusion o! denoti!ed tri$es in $ackard classes 3er less stud as done on them# @ence Researcher anted to stud on the depri3ed class denoti!ed tri$e hich has $een i%nored !rom a lon% time# Also one denoti!ied communit waddera in Andhra Pradesh has $een stru%%lin% !or the Schedule tri$e status !or man ears in order to %et more $ene!its#7 This has compelled the Researcher to choose the addera communit so that he could stud their education attainment le3el and perception a$out education#
Literature Review: 4ook &.n 'ducation* $ 4ertrand Russel talks a$out aims o! 'ducation sas A communit o! men and omen possessin% 3italit coura%e sensiti3eness and intelli%ence in the hi%hest de%ree that education can produce ould $e 3er di!!erent !rom anthin% that hitherto e)isted# 'ducation can %i3e a person $oth instrument 3alues and intrinsic 3alues# ,n the $ook &alue 'ducation* $ Dr#Eur$a chrales and #Arul sel3i talks a$out instrument 3alues hich can take the societ toards pro%ress and de3elopment# ,n the $ook &'ducation in the emer%in% ,ndian societ* $ Dr# ?# Sin%ara3elu sas 'ducation is purposi3e deli$erate preplanned in!luence e)erted $alanced-de3elopment# This $ook also %i3es the in!ormation a$out 3arious the %o3ernment steps and polices toards the uni3ersali9ation o! education and educational structure in ,ndia# The orld $ank report in the ear <22> said* ,t has $een pro3en that education is a poer!ul tool !or reducin% po3ert unemploment and ineBualit impro3in% health and nutrition and promotin% sustained human de3elopment led %roth# ,n the $ook &An Cncertain ?lor* $ +ean Dre9e and Amarta Sen talks a$out important role o! $asic education in the process o! de3elopment and social pro%ress# ,n the $ook &Democrac and 'ducation* $ +ohn De a stress on the point that 'ducation is the necessit o! li!e has $een made# A report $ A9im Premi ;oundation &The social conte)t o! 'lementar 'ducation in Rural ,ndia* %i3es the empirical e3idence on ho educational opportunities depend on the social %roup to hich indi3idual $elon%s to# The Maharashtra @uman de3elopment report !or the ear <20< also talks a$out e)clusion o! depri3ed classes !rom the education especiall in the conte)t o! &Eathkari* tri$es# Also a sur3e !or Assessment o! Dropout rates at elementar le3el in elementar education in <0
states $ SSA shos that at all states recorded hi%hest dropout rates !or Schedule castes at primar sta%e and Schedule tri$es at Cpper Primar sta%e !or the ear <221-<202# A $ook &Denoti!ied tri$es: Dimensions o! chan%e* $ Dr# Malli ?andhi talks a$out denoti!ied tri$es in Andhra Pradesh# ,t descri$es the culture li!e stle and traditional occupations o! the denoti!ied tri$es# The $ook talks a$out Waddera communit ho are mi%rator in nature and the communit deri3es it li3elihood $ stone crushin%# @ence Waddera communit constructs temporar encampments at places here3er the o$tain ork# Waddera had num$er o! su$castes o! hich ele3en are knon toda# The are as !ollos: Mannu addars Eallu addars Cppu Waddars 4andi addars ?irini addars Raa addars Ara%u addars Tudu%u addars Cru addars Takku Waddars and ?hatti addars# Waddera ere nomadic $ut maorit ere settled in the Andhra Pradesh districts# Same $ook carries an inter3ie o! a sommana ho $elon% to Waddera communit in hich he complains ho the criminal sti%ma still e)ists in the societ# Fuotin% sommana &We are harassed $ the police and !orest o!!icers# Still e are su!!erin% ith sti%ma as criminals# No$od passes in our li!e ithout su!!erin% and e e3en dont %et the loans !rom the $anks We onl %et empt promises o! house loans and other loans*# ,n the $ook &The criminal classes in ,ndia* $ Eenned ho as a Deput inspector o! police Railas and criminal in3esti%ation 4om$a Presidenc in the ear 0128 descri$es addars as class hich participate in the @ouse Dacoit @i%ha Dacoit# Eenned rote this $ook in order to make police o!!icers aare a$out this particular communit# .ne can then ud%e the mindset o! the police o!!icers# ,n the $ook &Su$u%ated Nomads: The Gam$adas under the rule o! Ni9ams* 4han%a 4huka ar%ues that Dacoit as neither an in $orn trait nor a hereditar practice in Gam$ada(Another denoti!ied communit in Andhra Pradesh" societ# Gam$adas took to dacoit due the colonial inter3entions hich destroed the lon%-standin% li3elihood practices# To cur$ this dacoit colonial state not onl deploed re%ular police $ut also throu%h 3illa%e authorites the dominant castes and landlords# This lead to sti%mati9in% the communities and also communities ere oppressed $ dominant castes in the 3illa%es# The $ook &Cnderstandin% Denoti!ied and Nomadic tri$es throu%h Resolutions Recommendations and Representation* $ M#su$$a Rao e)plains the status o! Denoti!ied tri$es in Andhra Pradesh#
b!ectives: (0" To stud the current status o! primar education particularl on !actors related to enrollment and drop outs o! children in the Waddera 6ommunit in Andhra Pradesh (<" To stud perception o! addera communit people on 'ducation (=" To carr out sample sur3e o! the 'ducational pro3inces hich are pro3ided in the RT' act <221 in the schools in research area#
Research area: Research ill $e conducted in three 3illa%es in one particular $lockH in Maha$u$na%ar district o! Andhra Pradesh# Accordin% to 'ducational Statistics <200-<20< report $ 6ommissioner and Director o! School 'ducation Andhra Pradesh Maha$u$na%ar district has hi%hest dropout rate in Schedule castes and Schedule Tri$es in the state#
H4lock not et decided
Methodo"ogy : 4oth Buantitati3e and Bualitati3e research methods ill $e used in the stud# Sstematic Random Samplin% ill $e used# To stud the current status o! education in the Waddera communit tools ?ross 'nrolment ratio Drop out ratio and Attendance percenta%e o! students $elon% Waddera communit are calculated in that Particular $lock# 'ducation depends on the Socio economic conditions o! the people# @ence Researcher ill conduct $asic sur3e o! ith the help o! Buestionnaire# Fualitati3e tools like Semi structured inter3ie ;ocus %roup discussions ith all the stake holders are conducted to stud perception o! addera communit on 'ducation# Reseracher ill $e acti3e participant in the discussions in order to understand the issues in depth manner#
Data sources and Data co""ection instruments : #rimary Data sources :
Data collection in the particular $lock o! Maha$u$na%ar District ill $e done !or Primar data Sources# ReBuired Date to 6alculate the ?ross 'nrolment Ratio Drop out ratio and Attendance percenta%e o! students ill $e taken !rom the School Sta!! and District 'ducational o!!icers# Data collection instruments: (0" A Fuestionnaire to understand the socio- economic condition o! people (<" A semi structured inter3ies ith the Parents o! Waddera communit 6hildren and Teachers (=" A Fuestionnaire to check hether all the pro3isions in the Ri%ht to 'ducation <221 are implemented in the ?o3ernment schools in the three 3illa%es (>" ;ocused %roup discussions ith Parents children and Teachers and 'ducational o!!icers separatel# $econdary Data sources :
Documents !rom the department o! 'ducation and trainin% under state o! Andhra Pradesh ill $e used# National Sample sur3e National Achie3ement Sur3e District 'ducation sstem and Annual status 'ducation Reports ill $e used !or the analsis#
References:
1. inak S# Gashkar# & Denotifed Tribes and Nomadic tribes in Maharastra* Third concept An ,nternational +ournal o! ,deas ol#< No# =21 <20<# a# ?andhi Malli# Denotified Tribes: Dimensions of Change# Eanishka Pu$lishers <227# 2. Technical Advisory Report on Nomadic Semi-nomadic and Denotidied tri$es constituted $ ?o3ernment o! ,ndia in the Year <22# . Amarta Sen speech on &The !mportance of "asic #d$cation% to 6ommon ealth education con!erence 'din$ur%h# <22= &. ?o3ernemnt o! Maharastra# Maharashtra '$man Development Report 2(12# Sa%e pu$lications<20># ). Dre9e +ean# *atterns of literacy and their social conte+t # The ,+ford !ndia Companion of -ociology and -ocial Anthropology < (<22=": 18>-118# . Su$$a Rao#M# /nderstanding Denotified and Nomadic Tribes thro$gh Resol$tions0 Recommendations and Representations. Action Aid <20=# . arious Nes paper articles and e$site# http://3adderasan%am#com/
