reseach paper - tolerance of the lgbt in society

Running Head: TOLERANCE OF THE LGBT IN SOCIETY

Tolerance Tolerance of te LGBT in Societ!: Hate Cri"e in S ociet! #e$a%n Lucario& T!ra T!ra Bradle!& Sanice Gu!& Courtne! '(er ) Er%in *ill( Saint +on,( College +unior College

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TOLERANCE OF THE LGBT IN SOCIETY

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Abstract

Te .ur.o(e of ti( re(earc i( to deter"ine %e ter lo% tolerance of te LGBT %ill correlate %it negati$e di(.o(ition( of te" and ig a"ount( o f ate cri"e/ Te re(earc too0 a uantitati$e a..roac a( %ell a( a ualitati$e  ualitati$e one in order to figure out te underl!ing feeling( of .artici.ant( to%ard( te to.ic at and/ Te re(earc "ade u(e of .ri"ar! and (econdar! re(ource( %ic included te u(e of ue(tionnaire(& (ur$e!(& electronic docu"ent(& %e2(ite(& article(& 3ournal( and Sociolog! te4t 2oo0(/ Te re(earc con cluded tat indeed it %a( true tat .artici.ant( ad negati$e $ie%( of te LGBT& o%e$er& te correlation to%ard( ate cri"e cri"e %a( not .re(ent/ Tu( it %a( concluded tat te !.ote(i( of te re(earc %a( re3ected and tat future re(earc (ould 2e done in order to find a (trong lin0 for te cau(e of te negati$e $ie% of te LGBT/

Introduction


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Te .ur.o(e of ti( re(earc i( to gater infor"ation on o% te (ociet! $ie%( te LGBT and to (ee “to what extent does low tolerance of the LGBT correlate with negative dispositions towards them and hate crimes within society” / Hate cri"e( are 0no%n a( a((ault(

and oter "aliciou( act(& including cri"e( again(t .o$ert!& "oti$ated 2! $ariou( for"( of 2ia(& including 2ut not li"ited to to(e 2a(ed on race& (e4ual orientation& etnic or national origin& or di(a2ilit! 67u(ta.a& -8159/ Altoug ate cri"e( again(t te LGBT i( (o"eting ne% to Cari22ean countr! of Belie tere a$e 2een (o"e ca(e( (ince te legi(lation ga$e rigt( to LGBT/ 'nfortunatel! 'nfortunatel! (uc infor"ation a( !et to 2e docu"ented into cri"e (tati(tic(/ Ho%e$er& incident( of cri"e( again(t te LGBT i( (o"eting tat oter countr! face a( %ell/ Since 1;;1 te 'nited State( a$e faced "ore tan 188&888 ca(e( of ate cri"e( tat %ere re.orted to te EBI/ In -88<& 1&-=> LGBT 2a(ed cri"e( %ere re.orted to te FBI a( %ell/ Te a"ount loo0( ("all 2! te nu"2er( 2ut LGBT 2a(ed cri"e( are ran0ed a( te tird ige(t %itin te countr! 67arullo ) Li2"an9/ Lo% tolerance of te LGBT %ill 2e attri2uted to  a$ing negati$e clai"( and attitude( to%ard( an!one affiliated %it te LGBT/ A( (uc& te re(earc ai"( to identif! %eter tere i( a lin0 2et%een lo% tolerance and if %ill re(ult in negati$e $ie%( and ate cri"e( occurring in (ociet!/ ?ata %ill 2e collected u(ing (ur$e!( and fro" docu"ented data found electronicall! or .!(icall!/ Ti( re(earc %ill allo% .eo.le (ee if (ociet! trul! old( 2ia( clai"( again(t te LGBT troug ignorance and it al(o ai"( to enligten .eo.le of te fact tat "e"2er( of te LGBT are li0e an! oter citien in an! an ! countr! and te! (ouldn,t 2e treated an! a n! differentl!/ differentl!/ If te go$ern"ent ai"( to educate te .u2lic .u 2lic of ti( clai" it %ould decrea(e te occurrence of ate cri"e( and create a (afe en$iron"ent for .eo.le to 2e te"(el$e(/


Literature eview

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In conducting ti( re(earc for te (tud!& infor"ation %a( e4tracted fro" $ariou( article(& ne%( eadline(& 3ournal( and internet (ource(/ According to (o"e ne%( article( .eo.le (till old negati$e( $ie%( of LGBT "e"2er( and act irrationall!/ In fact one article ca"e acro(( a tran(gender "an %o %a( attac0ed and 2eaten in Belie Cit!/ Te 1 !ear old ane(a ane(a Ca".agne ari( 2orn orfelio Rodrigue %a( $iciou(l! attac0ed and 2eaten on te (treet( of Belie 2! a "o2 of !oung !ou ng "en/ Te altercation (tarted %en ari( %a( %al0ing on ernon Street and recognied 2! a fello% ci$ilian a( a "an 2eing dre((ed a( a %o"an/ *en te .er(on 2egan to u(e derogator! ter"( (uc a( DfaggotD and D2atti"anD& ari( turned to i" and argued tat e doe( not o%n te (treet/ After tat incident& te "an alerted (e$eral oter !oung "en of %at %a( a..ening and te! ca(ed ari( %o tried to urriedl! e(ca.e and %a( un(ucce((ful %ic re(ulted in i" 2eing (e$erel! 2eaten 6A"2ergri( Ca!e foru"& -81@9/ It i( uite e$ident tat te cau(e of te altercation %a( ari(D life(t!le 2eing a tran($e(tite/ Te Beliean "ale( couldnDt acce.t anoter "an .ortra!ing (aid 2ea$iour and $iolentl! attac0ed i"/ Ti( ate cri"e i( 3u(t one of "an!& fro" te(e re.ort( it can 2e (aid tat Beliean( "ale( are intolera2le %en it co"e( to "e"2er( of te LGBT in Belie/ To te .oint %ere it 2eco"e( .!(ical and te! a((ault te(e indi$idual( for leading te life(t!le life(t!le te! do/ Anoter article .ointed out tat indi$idual( fro" te LGBT .eo.le grou. are te "o(t a2ituall! focu(e( of deri(i$e act( in Bo(ton& enduring "ore attac0(& danger(& and 2adgering tan an! oter (ocial "inorit! grou./ Te uantit! of announced $iolation( a !ear ago again(t te LGBT out.erfor"( to(e for 7u(li"(& +e%(& Latino(& and A(ian( co"2ined& Bo(ton olice ?e.art"ent figure( re$ealed/ Furter"ore& it i( a .attern tat a( all te ear"ar0( of 2eing .er(e$ering/ Te "o(t recent Bo(ton .olice infor"ation indicate -<> ate cri"e( %ere accounted


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for in -81=  do%n fro" 581 in -81>/ Of tat a"ount& around 55 %ere coordinated at indi$idual( fro" te le(2ian& ga!& 2i(e4ual& and tran(gender grou./ Cri"inologi(t( (a! national occa(ion( can trigger a (.i0e or dro. in recorded ate cri"e $iolation(& !et rarel! do (uc occa(ion( influence all area( of te nation (i"ilarl!/ A .ri"e .ri"e e4a".le %ould 2e ?onald Tru".,( run for .re(idenc! %ic ignited a large ate for "inorit! grou.( (uc a( Latino( and 7u(li"(/ Si"ilarl! it i( tougt tat e$ent( can al(o trigger atred %itin (ociet! to%ard( LGBT grou.( for (.ecific .eriod( of ti"e/ Ne$er te le((& cri"e (tati(tic( can 2e unrelia2le due to te large a"ount of ate cri"e( tat go unre.orted 2ecau(e of lac0 of (u..ort and .ro.er %itne(( .rotection fro" autoritie(/ Te i".act of ti( i((ue can 2e e4tre"el! greater in Belie 2ecau(e of our ("all .o.ulation (ie& $icti"( are often .u(ed into (ilence 2ecau(e of fear/ Ne$er te le((& le((& go$ern"ent office( .ro$ide (tead! and u(a2le re.ort( to %or0 %it/ Si"ilar to te .re$iou( article& tere i( anoter editorial entitled LG/B/T/ eo.le Are Are 7ore Li0el! to Be Target( Target( of Hate Cri"e( Tan An! Oter 7inorit! Grou./ Te title (a!( it all and te infor"ation co".li"ent( tat $er! fact/ According to te infor"ation tat %a( .ro$ided& it (o%ed tat .eo.le affiliated %it te LGBT in -81@ are t%ice a( li0el! to 2e targeted a( AfricanA"erican(& and te rate of ate cri"e( again(t te" a( (ur.a((ed tat of cri"e( again(t +e%(/ Suc clai"( "ade i( in ti( article i( .ro$en true follo%ing te (ooting incident in Orlando at a ga! nigt clu2 %ere fort! nine .eo.le %ere 0illed along %it fift! tree %ounded/ It %a( de2ated %eter ti( (ooting %a( a  ate cri"e or terrori(" and %ile "o(t tougt it %a( 2ot te "inorit! of 2elief( tat tougt it %a( ate cri"e cri"e %a( iger tan to(e %o (olel! 2elie$ed it %a( terrori("/ Te article article al(o igligted anoter incident %ere a !oung o"o(e4ual cou.le %ere a((aulted da!( after teir "arriage and in 7arc -81=& Elliot 7orale(


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%a( con$icted for te "urder of 7ar0 Car(on& a !oung 2lac0 o"o(e4ual o "o(e4ual "ale& 7orale( %a( (entence fort! !ear( to life in .ri(on 6ar0 and 7!0!al!(!n& -81=9/ Ti( article re$eal( te realit! of .eo.le %o are affiliated %it te LGBT& "o(t of te" li$e in fear of 2eing urt and ti( i( unfair to te"/ According to one re(earcer in te article& e 2elie$ed tat te rea(on te(e( ate cri"e occur %a( due to te (ifting of cultural $alue(/ Since (o"e .eo.le are un%illing to acce.t te cange in (ociet! te! te ! la( out again(t te treat tat .ut( teir nor"al life in danger/ If ting( are li0e ti( in oter countrie( Belie Belie "a! .ic0 u. on (uc 2ea$iour and tat %ould %ou ld de(tro! te countr!,( euili2riu" and .lunge (ociet! into cao(/ Cri"e rate( %ill ri(e( and innocent .eo.le %ill 2e ar"ed if ti( %ere to occur& te .u2lic need to 2e educated a2out (uc "atter( in order to .re$ent te" fro" acting (o irrationall!/ irrationall!/ “Section 53: A Case of Adult Privacy and The best liars in Religion- Beliean !"BT Rights #iolation$% #iolation$% On Augu(t 18t& -81=& te Su.re"e Court of Belie ruled tat (ection >5 %a( uncon(titutional and read do%n te offending (ection to (a!& JTi( JTi( doe( not a..l! to con(enting (e4ual act( 2et%een adult( in .ri$ate/J *ade& in i( di(a..oint"ent noted in a Face2oo0 co""entar! on Augu(t 1t tat Ca2inet and Cale2 %a( Sodo" and Go"orra/ Ti( (na.(ot on te left re$eal( e4actl! %at e (aid %ile i( funda"entali(t colleague( re$ealed (olution( tat included a referendu" on (ection >5& a con(titutional a"end"ent on "arriage& (afeguarding te education fro" LGBT Agenda& a"ong oter( to correct concern( a2out te ac0n o%ledge"ent of LGBT rigt( in Belie/ Furter"ore& *ade *ade and Stir" .ro"oted a ca".aign of dece.tion dec e.tion %it te Belie National Teacer(& Teacer(& 'tilitie( 'nion and te leader of te o..o(ition/ A( a re(ult& te 'tilitie( 'tilitie( 'nion i((ued a re(( Relea(e on Se.te"2er t& calling on te go$ern"ent to&//J "ount an a..eal& again(t te (ection( %itin te 3udg"ent % ic e4.re(( i((ue( of our freedo" of


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e4.re((ion& and te "eaning of gender to include (e4ual orientation/J If te! ad (.ent an! ti"e reading te 3udg"ent& te! %ould a$e 0no%n tat te ter" to 2e callenged %a( (e4 not gender/ Still te! call for .eace and no di(cri"ination/ Te relea(e furter (.o0e to& en(uring de"ocrac! .re$ail(J and call( for "e"2er(& Jto ta0e acti$e "ea(ure to (u..ort te curce( in our countr!/ countr!/ *it regard( to te Belie National Teacer 'nion& te! i((ued a .re(( relea(e a( %ell/ E4ce.t& u.on furter in$e(tigation& it %a( te R de.art"ent of te 'nion %ic i((ued te relea(e %itout an! con(ultation fro" teacer(& e4.re((ing concern& J///For te (a0e of our cildren and te nation& %e urge tat ti( reue(t a( a "atter of national i".ortance/J Ho% a ca(e a2 out adult .ri$ac! 3u".ed to (afeguarding cildren in education i( a co".reen(ion .roce(( tat "u(t 2e e4.lained/ A"aingl!& A"aingl!& te relea(e (.o0e of&J to en(ure tat ta t ti( "atter& i( torougl! $entilated/J Te $entilation (ee" to 2e to en(ure en (ure 2igotr! and fear "ongering .re$ail(& a( an in$itation %a( ne$er e4tended to te 'nited Belie Ad$ocac! 7o$e"ent to e4.lain te 3udge"ent/ In a 2id to .ro"ote under(tanding of (ection >5& te ri"e 7ini(ter of Belie $er! (uccinctl! on Augu(t -=t in te ou(e e4.lained unnatural cri"e& %en e (aid& J///te order of nature a( 2een inter.reted to "ean a range of ting(/// %en I %a( a cri"inal la%!er /// again(t te order of nature included a( %ell oral (e4/J Alluding to te te .oint tat all Beliean( Beliean( %ere una..reend felon( and tat (ection >5 %a( a2out a2o ut adult .ri$ac!/ For daring to (tand u. for "! con(titutional rigt( and callenge te entitle"ent entitle"ent of Rigt*ing Rigt*ing funda"entali(t( grou.( li0e li0e National E$angelical A((ociation of Curce( in Belie& COLA and Leader( Alliance (ougt to organied t%o .rote(t/ On Augu(t -5rd& -81=/ Funda"entali(t organied a .rote(t in Bel"o.an in front of te National A((e"2l! a( %ell a( Augu(t -=t& -81=6'nited Belie Ad$ocac! 7o$e"ent& -81=9/ Ba(icall! "e"2er( of te LGBT co""unit! recalled a "atter in %ic teir rigt( to 2e a( te! are %ere callenged again 2! te .u2lic& te curce(& Belie National Teacer 'nion&


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'tilitie( 'nion and e$en (o"e "e"2er( of go$ern"ent/ Section >5 cri"inalie( intercour(e 2et%een con(enting adult( of te (a"e (e4& (u23ecting te" u. to 18 !ear(, i".ri(on"ent/ But e$er (ince a2oli(ing ti( and canging it to .rotect te LGBT co""unit! "an! citien( %ere outraged/ Te goal of ti( co""unit! %a( to onl! a2oli( te la% (o te! "a! act freel! %it teir .artner and not 2e .enalied/ .en alied/ But Beliean( tin0 oter%i(e a( te! .redict tat ti( %ill affect teir cildren and de(tro! teir "oral( a( a (ociet!/ “3 &urders in the City: Cross-dresser Cross-dresser 'illed on (lston )err Street$% re(ented Street$% re(ented on Cannel > ne%( BelieK an eigteen !ear old old "ale cro(( dre((er& dre((er& +o(e. +atnet Sance& %a( "urderedK (ta22ed t%ice in te ce(t a( e  e %al0ed on El(ton #err Street a( a re(ult of i( (e4ualit!/ Sance %a( found dead 3u(t 2efore t%o a" on a Sunda! "orning a( e eaded to a .art!/ *en e "et i( deat e %a( dre((ed in a %ite (lee$ele(( 2lou(e and a (ort green and 2lac0 (0irt/ Sance %or0ed at a Call Centre and according to i( fa"il! e %ould dre(( a( a fe"ale onl! %en e %ent out o ut at nigt/ According to a relati$e of te $icti"& te $icti" a( 2een recei$ing deat treat( fro" a "ale .er(on tat e %a( in$ol$e %it/ Becau(e of i( life(t!le a( a cro((dre((er te "ale .er(on didn,t 0no% e %a( in$ol$e %it a 2 iological "ale .er(on 2ut rater a fe"ale/ Te fa"il! of te 1 !ear old 2elie$e( tat teir lo$ed one deat i( a cri"e of .a((ion and cri"e of ate %ic again i( a re(ult of i( (e4ualit! 6Ho"o(e4ual9/ Hi( Hi( "oter "entioned tat "an! ti"e( %en er (on %ill %al0 te (treet( .eo.le %ill cur(e i" and refer to i" %it derogati$e ter"( 2ut e %ouldn,t an(%er 6?uane 7ood!& -81@9/ Te "oti$e of ti( "urder i( (till uncertain for te .olice 2elie$e( it %a( ro22er! 2ut fro" te $icti" fa"il! "e"2er( te! 2elie$e it,( 2ecau(e of i( (e4ualit!/ A( A( "entioned& Sance %a( a cro((dre((er and .eo.le 0ne% of te deci(ion e ad co(en to li$e i( life/ Fro" all te treat( tat Sance a( 2een recei$ing and te degrading ter"( u(ed at i" it i( uite e$ident


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tat (ociet! and (.ecificall! "ale( %itin (ociet! %on,t acce.t te idea of anoter "ale acting in a fe"inine %a! or for te" to engage e ngage %it a ne4t "ale (e4uall!/ A( for %at a..ened to te $icti" in ti( article it reflect( te "entalit! of "o(t .eo.le in (ociet!& te! %ill not tolerate an! LGBT "e"2er and "ore tan li0el! te! re(ort to $io lence/


11

!ethodology

A( "entioned& te .ur.o(e of ti( re(earc i( to identif! to %at e4tent doe( lo% tolerance correlate %it negati$e di(.o(ition( and ate cri"e( %itin (ociet!/ Ba(ed on te .ur.o(e of te (tud!& t%o re(earc ue(tion %ere con(tructed: 1/ I( te te .o.ulati .o.ulation on acce.ting acce.ting of te te idea idea of te LGBT -/ I( te te $ie% $ie% of te LGBT acti$itie( acti$itie( "o(tl! "o(tl! negati$e negati$e Te re(earc %ill "ainl! ta0e a uantitati$e a..roac %ere data %ill 2e collected and re.re(ented in nu"2er( %ile al(o incor.orating a ualitati$e a..roac %ic %ill 2e u(ed al(o (o a( to gater infor"ation and deduce %at are indi$idual,( rea(on for olding& if an!& 2ia( notion( to%ard( te to.ic 2eing (tudied/ ri"ar! and (econdar! (ource( %ere incor.orated into ti( (tud! a( %ell %ic included te u(e of ue(tionnaire(& (ur$e!(& electronic docu"ent(& %e2(ite(& article(& 3ournal( and Sociolog! te4t 2oo0(/ In order to in$e(tigate %eter lo% tolerance o f te LGBT %ould correlate %it negati$e di(.o(ition or ate cri"e( again(t te LGBT& te "ain in(tru"ent u(ed to collect data %a( a ue(tionnaire/ Te ue(tionnaire contained onl! one t !.e of ue(tion %ic %a( clo(ed ended/ Te(e t!.e of ue(tion %ill li"it .artici.ant( to (.ecific an(%er( and %ill allo% re(earcer( to find te an(%er to te .ro2le" ea(il!/ Ho%e$er& ti( "a! al(o "a0e te an(%er( 2ia( (ince te .er(on cannot re.l! and ue(tion( %ould guide te .artici.ant to an(%er in a .articular %a!/ Te ue(tionnaire al(o incor.orated "ulti.le Li0ert (cale( tat %ould 2e u(ed in order to (ee %at are te .artici.ant,( attitude( and feeling( to%ard( te LGBT/ Te (cale( rating( range fro" co".letel! agreeing %it a clai" to (trongl! di(agreeing %it a (tate"ent/ Ti( (cale i( an effecti$e "ean( of finding %at .eo.le,( e"otional re(.on(e to%ard( te LGBT are and a( (uc


1-

it %ill aid te re(earcer( in finding out te di(.o(ition( of te .artici.ant(/ A total of 58 ue(tionnaire( %ere di(tri2uted to rando" .artici.ant(& tu( allo%ing tere to 2e a $ariet! in re(.on(e(& (ince te location %ere eac re(earcer re(ide %a( co".letel! different tat increa(ed te $ariet! of te re(.on(e( a( %ell/ Sample Selection

Te co(en "etod of te (a".ling (election i( con$enience (a".ling/ Con$enience (a".ling i( a non.ro2a2ilit! (a".ling "etod %ere 2 ! te re(earcer (elect( .artici.ant for te (tud! 2a(ed on teir .ro4i"it! to te re(earcer/ *it *it ti( (a".ling "etod ti"e i( (a$ed due to tere 2eing no need for a (a".ling fra"e/ Te rea(on for ti( coice i( tat te re(earcer doe( not a$e (.ecific indi$idual( in "ind for (election and tat te (cedule( of .artici.ant( and re(earcer are different (o it %ould 2e difficult to coo(e a (.ecific (a".le grou./ Te ue(tionnaire %ere di(tri2uted to rando" .eo.le on Saint +on,( College +unior college ca".u( on rince(( 7argaret dri$e and trougout Belie in Lad!$ille& Burrell Boo"& Bel"o.an and te (and ill area %ere eac re(earcer re(ide/ Participants

Te (a".ling grou. contained an e$en nu"2er of fifteen eac 2et%een te gender( (o a( to li"it gender 2ia( fro" te (tud!/ Ti( %ill al(o re$eal %eter te $ie%( of te LGBT "a! a$e a gender di(cre.anc! %ere one grou. (trongl! o..o(e( or acce.t( te LGBT/


15

"indings # $resentation of %ata

AGE

1 5 - 18

19 - 22

2 3 - 26

27 +

Figure 1: (o%( te age grou. re.re(ented in te (a".le/ Te "a3orit! of te .o.ulation i( relati$el! older& ti( "a! lead to "ore traditional $ie%( of te LGBT rater tan a li2eral


1@

.er(.ecti$e of te (ituation/

Gender

50%

Ma le

50%

Fe ma le

Inte rs exua l

Figure 2: Pie chart shoing the gn!er ration o" the sam#le$ %he num&er is e'en in the sam#le there"ore there"ore the #ossi&it( #ossi&it( o" gen!er &iasness is eliminate!$ eliminate!$


1>

Racial Background

3% 27%

)hite*uro#ean ,lac* ."rican /atino*a

70%

Figure 5: ie cart di(.la!ing te racial racial 2ac0 ground of te re(.ondent( %it %it in te (a".le/ Te "a3orit! of te (a".le a( a 2lac0M African 2ac0ground& a( (uc "a3orit! of te $ie%( "a! reflect tat culture/


1=

exualit( 26

3 1

0eterosexual* traight

0omosexual

,isexual

0

Pansexual

Figure @: Bar cart (o%ing te (e4ualit! of te (a".le/ Te (a".le a( "a3orit! etero(e4ual %it an e4tre"el! lo% nu"2er of LGBT affiliation/


1<

Interaction it! di"erent #e$ualit 11 10 9 8

9

9

10 9

8

0ighl 0i ghl( ( com com"o "orta& rta&le le om ome ehat hat om om"or "orta&l ta&le e neutr neutral al ome omehat hat 4nc 4ncom om"or "orta&l ta&le e 7 7 7 6

6 5

6

0ighl 0i ghl( ( 4nc 4ncom om"or "orta&l ta&le e 7 7

6

5

6 5

4

4



4 3

3

3 3

3 3

2 1

0

1

Figure >: A Bar cart reflecting a Li0ert (cale %ic (o% indi$idual( feel a2out te $ar!ing (e4ualit! in te LGBT co""unit!/ Fro" %at can 2e (een te tran(gender grou.( are not a( %idel! acce.ted a( te oter(/


1

General &lai'( A gain(t t!e t! e )GB* tro ngl( .gre e

o me h ha t .g .g re e

 o me ha t i is ag agre e

trongl( isagree isagree

Figure =: A 2ar cart (o%ing %at .eo.le tin0 a2out te negati$e clai"( of te LGBT/ Rigt a%a! it,( noticed tat "a3orit! of te (a".le di(agree %it te negati$e clai"( oter( "a! a$e of te LGBT/


1;

+,ionion( a-out t!e )GB* 



12

3

12

3

3



2

6

1

2



8 6



8

9

7

1 5 3

1 8

t ro ng l( .gre e

o me ha t .gre e

trongl tr ongl( ( isagr sagree ee

#i #ini nions ons o" the /, ,% %

 o me ha t is a gre e

Figure <: A 2ar cart (o%ing %at .eo.le tin0 a2out certain $ie%( oter a$e of te LGBT/ Tere i( no (ure .attern (een 2ut "o(t of te re(.on(e( tend reflect a negati$e $ ie% a2out te LGBT grou.(/ 7e"2er( of te LGBT are of te 2elief tat te ! don,t coo(e teir (e4ualit! and tat te! %ere 2orn tat %a! %ile te data refute( tat 2elief/


-8

Relation(!i, interaction 3

3

3

3 26

25 22

0o l! ing 0a n!s

0uggin g

Frie n!l( is s  n t he he e ;

17

11

1

1

9

Figure : A 2ar cart (o%ing %at te $ie% of te (a".le i( a2out te acti$itie( tat occur 2et%een te different gender relation(i.( in te LGBT/ artici.ant( could a$e co(en "ore tan one an(%er (o tere %ere "ulti.le re(.on(e(/ It i( (een tat acti$itie( tat are inti"ate are acce.ted 2et%een "ale( and fe"ale( "ore (o tan to(e 2et%een (a"e (e4 relation(i.(/


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Re(,on(e( *o *!e )GB* 1 29 24 6 26 4 8 22 23 7 =es = es

>o

Figure ;: Te 2ar cart (o%( o% te (a".le %ould react to certain (ituation( regarding te LGBT/ Te Te re(.on(e( are "o(tl! .o(iti$e e4ce.t for te fact tat te (a".le 2elie$e( tat "o(t .eo.le a$e a negati$e $ie% of te LGBT/


--

Religou(l Aliated

o/ 23%

.e( / 77%

Figure 18: Te .ie cart a2o$e (o%( %at .ercentage of te (a".le i( religiou(l! affiliated/ It,( It,( .o((i2le tat .era.( te religiou( teacing of te .artici.ant( could influence %at teir $ie% of te different (e4ual orientation( are/ If te religion i( (u..orti$e of te LGBT "a!2e te .artici.ant %ould 2e "ore acce.ting of teir acti$itie(/


-5

erogator *er'( (ed to reer to t!e )GB* .la (s (s

"te n

o me me ti time s

>e 'e 'e r

21 19

15

7 6 5 

 3

3 2 1

Figure 11: Te 2ar cart (o%( o% freuentl! indi$idual( u(ed te %ord( ga !& fagMfaggot fagMfaggot or ueer to refer to (o"eone of te LGBT negati$el!/ Te Te data fro" ti( gra. can 2e u(ed to anal!(e %eter te(e %ord( are u(ed to $er2all! attac0 "e"2er( of te LGBT in a 2ad %a!/

Analysis


-@

Fro" te data collected during te re(earc 2ot te .ri"ar! (ource and (econdar! (ource %a( u(ed in an atte".t to acie$e ac ie$e a .lau(i2le an(%er to te .ur.o(e of te (tud! %ic i(& to %at e4tent doe( lo% tolerance of te LGBT correlate %it negati$e di(.o(ition( to%ard( te" and ate cri"e( %itin (ociet!/ *or0ing in con3unction %it tat& te re(earcer( al(o ai"ed to figure out if te (a".le %a( acce.ting at all of te idea of te LGBT and %eter teir $ie% of te LGBT acti$itie( %a( "o(tl! negati$e or .o(iti$e/ Ba(ed on te infor"ation gatered fro" te data collection in(tru"ent it %a( u(ed to con(truct gra.(& .ie cart( and 2ar gra.( tat %ere u(ed to deter"ine te .ro2le" (tate"ent/ Fir(t of all& in order to an(%er te .ro2le" (tate"ent& %eter te (a".le %a( tolerant of te LGBT ad to 2e deter"ined fir(t/ According to figure > it can 2e (aid tat not e$er! one of te LGBT are intolera2le& o%e$er& te (a".le (ee"( to feel te "o(t unco"forta2le %it te tran(gender grou. in te LGBT& follo%ed 2! 2i(e4ual "ale( and la(tl! ga! "en/ Ti( data i( uite (ur.ri(ing con(idering tat te gender ratio for te (a".le i( e$en a( de.icted in figure -/ Te data& o%e$er& .oint( to fe"ale 2i(e4ual( and le(2ian( 2eing te "o(t co"forta2le to interact %it& 2ear in "ind tat te gender gen der of te .o.ulation i( e$en (o te idea of it 2eing a gender 2ia( i( ("all/ Altoug Altoug ti( .in .oint( to te LGBT 2eing tolera2le of (o"e grou.(& te (a".le find( "a3orit! of te oter grou.( 'nco"forta2le to interact %it or te! are intolera2le of teir acti$itie(/ In figure <& te 2igge(t indicator of te fact tat te .artici.ant( are intolera2le of te LGBT can 2e (een %en "a3orit! of te .o.ulation 2latantl! agree tat 2i(e4ual( a$e a coice in teir (e4ualit! and tat o"o(e4ual and 2i(e4ual( %ere not 2orn tat %a!/ 7e"2er( of te LGBT are of te 2elief tat te! cannot coo(e teir (e4ualit! and %en te "a3orit! of


->

.artici.ant( agreed tat te! can cange teir (e4ualit! it (o%ed tat te! don,t a..ro$e of te" and tat te .artici.ant( 2elie$e tat .eo.le of te LGBT coo(e to 2e te %a! te! are/ Anoter e$idence of lo% tolerance can 2e (een in figure  %ere inti"ate( act( 2et%een (a"e (e4 relation(i. are not a..ro$e of 2! a ig a"ount/ Altoug te (a".le are "ore in fa$our of a Le(2ian relation(i. %ere te! can ug& and a$e ro"antic 0i((e(& figure  re$eal( tat Ga! cou.le( a$e te! te ! lea(t (u..ort/ Ti( (o%( tat "a3orit! of te (a".le doe( not full! agree %it te LGBT engaging in te(e acti$itie( %it teir .artner(/ La(tl!& figure ; a( te 2igge(t indicator tat can 2e tran(lated to te general .o.ulation/ In te 2ar cart it 2e (een tat "a3orit! of te .artici.ant( %ould no 2latantl! act out again(t te LGBT& o%e$er& o%e$er& an o$er%el"ing a"ount of te .artici.ant( 2elie$e tat "o(t .eo.le in (ociet! old te LGBT in a negati$e ligt %ere %e re teir action( and rigt( are not re(.ected/


-=

%iscussion

Te "ain .ur.o(e of te re(earc %a( to deter"ine to %at e4tent doe( lo% tolerance of te LGBT correlated %it negati$e di(.o(ition( to%ard( te" and ate cri"e( occurring/ It %a( !.ote(ied tat if te data !ield con$incing co n$incing re(ult( tat .ro$ed tat te (a".le ad lo% tolerance to%ard( te LGBT it %ould rule in fa$our of tere 2eing negati$e di(.o(ition( and a ig .o((i2ilit! of ate cri"e occurring/ Altoug te data did re$eal tat te (a ".le ad a lo% tolerance for te LGBT tere %a( not enoug data to .ro$e it %ould re(ult in ate cri"e/ According to te infor"ation tat %a( found it %a( .ro$en tat tere %a( lo% tolerance a( (o%n in figure <&  and ;/ Ho%e$er& te (a".le onl! ad a negati$e neg ati$e $ie% and attitude to%ard( te LGBT acti$itie( a( (een in figure  %ere tere %a ( a reall! lo% a"ount of .artici.ant( tat 2elie$ed it %a( acce.ta2le for .eo.le of te (a"e gender to 2ea$e in an inti"ate %a! %ile te "a3orit! tougt it %a( igl! unacc e.ta2le/ It %a( al(o (een in figure > %ere "a3orit! of te LGBT grou.( %ere cla((ified a( 2eing igl! unco"forta2le to oter( and in figure 11 %ere .artici.ant( (aid te u(ed %ord( (uc a( ga!& Fag or faggot to refer to LGBT "e"2er( in a o(tile %a!/ Te "a3orit! of te (a".le al(o agreed tat te (ociet! in Belie i( igl! igl ! unacce.ting of te LGBT a( t%ent! nine n ine out of tirt! .artici.ant( agreed tat .eo.le in (ociet! $ie% te" negati$el!/ Tere %a( al(o an intere(ting contradiction found in te re(ult( of te re(earc/ Altoug& "a3orit! of te re(ult( .oint to%ard( te (a".le 2eing intolerant of te LGBT& t%ent! tree out of tirt! of te .artici.ant clai"ed tat te! %ould ne$er i(olate te"(el$e( fro" a fa"il! "e"2er tat %a( a .art of te LGBT/ LGB T/ Al(o t%ent! four out of tirt! (a!( tat tere (ould 2e la%( to .rotect LGBT "e"2er& t%ent! (i4 out of tirt! clai"ed to a$e ne$er acted $iolentl! to%ard( te LGBT and t%ent! t%o out of tirt! (aid tat te! %ould (to. a friend fro" ara((ing


-<

a LGBT "e"2er/ Te(e finding( finding( %a( uite te conundru" due to te "i4 re(ult( tat %ere found& %ile a large "a3orit! a..ear to 2e igl! intolerant of te LGBT acti$itie( te! al(o clai" tat te! (ould a$e la%( and an d tat te! %ould el. if a "e"2er %a( 2eing ara((ed/ La(tl!& (e$ent! (e$en .ercent of te .o.ulation i( religiou(l! affiliated ti( could "ean tat te .artici.ant are (i".l! follo%ing te teacing( of teir religion if it i( a gain(t te LGBT/ If ti( i( true te rea(on for te "i4 feeling( in te re(ult could (te" fro" teir teacing( going again(t teir "oral(/ Te re(earc ue(tion %ere an(%ered fro" te re(ult( tat %ere gatered fro" te ue(tionnaire& according to %at %a( found te .artici.ant( ad ig le$el( of intolerance to%ard( te LGBT tu( te! %ere not $er! acc e.ting of te idea of %at te LGBT entail( and tat "a3orit! of te $ie%( of te LGBT %ere in a negati$e ligt %ere .eo.le are of te 2elief tat te "e"2er a$e te a2ilit! to coo(e %at teir (e4ualit! i( and te! %ere not 2orn te %a! te! are/ Re(earc a$e (o%n tat te LGBT grou. i( one of te tird ige(t grou. to 2e targeted for ate cri"e& "an! re.ort( are (een %ere innoc ent .eo.le a$e 2een targeted for te (e4ualit! and in te %or(t ca(e (cenario .eo.le a$e 2een 0illed/ In te end te !.ote(i( tat lo% tolerance of te LGBT %ill correlate %it negati$e di(.o(ition( and ig a"ount( of ate cri"e %a( not acce.ted/ Altoug te re(ult( .oint to%ard( "a3orit! of te .artici.ant( olding negati$e $ie%( of te" it %a( found tat te! %ould ne$er re(ult to $iolence in order to a..ea(e te (ligt di(co"fort te! feel/


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Limitations

Te re(earc ad (o"e o2(truction( it face along it( co".letion/ Te lac0 of ti"e to collect all nece((ar! data and to anal!(e te" effecti$el! i( factor tat affected te re(earc/ Te lac0 of (ufficient ue(tionnaire( tat could a$e 2een d i(tri2uted in order to collect data %a( factor a( it %ould affect te a2ilit! of te re(ult( to 2e gen eralied to te .o.ulation/ La(tl!& finding enoug re(earc .artici.ant( for te ue(tionnaire %a( al(o ano ter "inor li"itation 2ecau(e of te differing (cedule( of 2ot re(earcer( and .artici.ant(/ &onclusion

Te re(earc di(co$ered (o"eting intere(ting finding(& e(.eciall! in te co nflicting e$idence of a$ing a negati$e $ie% of te LGBT 2ut (till %anting te" to a$e la%( and el.ing "e"2er( %en te! are ara((ed/ It i( reco""ended tat for future re(earc tat tere 2e an in de.t (tud! for a .o((i2le correlation 2et%een religiou( teacing and .eo.le,( .oint of $ie% on te LGBT/ If (uc a (tud! i( conducted it %ould igligt %eter te religiou( teac affect teir 2elief( in te "atter/ Te Te LGBT i( con(tant de2ated to.ic currentl! in .re(ent (ociet!/ Altoug Altoug .eo.le "a! a$e negati$e $ie%( it could 2e 2a(ed of ignorance 2ecau(e LGBT "e"2er( are (till u"an and te! (ouldn,t 2e treated an! differentl! fro" ordinar! citien(/


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eference

E' LGBT (ur$e!: Euro.ean 'nion le(2ian& ga!& 2i(e4ual and tran(gender (ur$e!/ 6-8159/ Lu4e"2ourg: u2lication( Office of te Euro.ean 'nion/ Sur$e! on CS'N Attitude( to%ard LGBT I((ue(/ 6n/d9 Retrie$ed 1< A.r/ -81<& fro" tt.:MM%%%/c(un/eduMg"=1518M(ur$e!Minde4(ur$e!/t"l 7!0!al!(!n& H/ / 6-81=& +une 1=9/ L/G/B/T/ eo.le Are 7ore Li0el! to Be Target( Target( of Hate Cri"e( Tan An! Oter 7inorit! Grou./ Retrie$ed A.ril -1& -81<& fro" tt.(:MM%%%/n!ti"e(/co"Minteracti$eM-81=M8=M1=Mu(Matecri" tt.(:MM%%%/ n!ti"e(/co"Minteracti$eM-81=M8=M1=Mu(Matecri"e(again(tlg2t/t"lrP1 e(again(tlg2t/t"lrP1 7o$e"ent& '/ B/ 61;<8& +anuar! 819/ Beliean LGBT Rigt( iolation(/ iolation(/ Retrie$ed A.ril -1& -81<& fro" tt.:MMunited2eliead$ocac!"o$e"ent/2log(.ot/co"M-81=M8;M(ection>5 ca(eofadult.ri$ac!and/t"l 7u(ta.a& N/ 6-8159/ Sociolog! for Cari22ean (tudent(/ #ing(ton: Ian Randle/ Tree "urder( in te Cit!: Cro((dre((er 0illed on El(ton #err Street/ 6n/d/9/ Retrie$ed A.ril -1& -81<& fro" tt.:MMedition/cannel>2elie/co"Marci$e(M;@-Tran(gender "an attac0ed and 2eaten in Belie Cit!/ 6n/d/9/ Retrie$ed A.ril A.ril -1& -81<& fro" tt.(:MMa"2ergri(ca!e/co"Mforu"Mu22tread(/..Mto.ic(M@;-@@Mtran(gender"an attac0edand2eatenin2eliecit!/t"l --& -/ #/ 6-81<& 7arc --9/ LGBT co""unit! to. target for ate act( in Bo(ton  Te Bo(ton Glo2e/ Retrie$ed A.ril 1>& -81<& fro" tt.(:MM%%%/2o(tonglo2e/co"M"etroM-81

reseach paper - tolerance of the lgbt in society

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