R gy`m gy`m O uifui uifui I
rgug aydgamuit aydgamuit
_
E
I U G
G U U I Q M
gy`m O uifui uifui R gy`m
I
rgug aydgamuit aydgamuit T ä m
7
R g y ` m
6
6
>
¦766>, e Iafqmug Guqi / Dfìcdfg Dmmuaicgèäm Iafqmufg` Nicufwyi _f``femu O`mu Iafqmu Gum`am Lmtæ Geuiy Rfcqm Iafqmugèäm I`iquñcfdg i Rumliqm Huçofdm Uilgci Umtg Dgrg Gum`am Lmtæ Geuiy Rfcqm Omqmt i f`ytqugèùit ai dgrg i jfm`m Gdiuvm am _iuiag * Dicqum ai Itqyamt ij Iaydgèäm i Gcg Jgufg Ouifui Uivftäm @iqf|fg \fcf Gcqycit
Agamt Fcqiucgdfmcgft ai Dgqg`mhgèäm cg Rye`fdgèäm .DFR& .Efe`fmqidg ai O#D#@# — Gttft — YCITR& Eguuiqm, _iug E??1r Rgy`m Ouifui Ouifui rgug iaydgamuit - _iug _iug Eguuiqm# Täm Rgy`m< Guqi / Dfìcdfg, 766># 74>r#; 57 dj# Efe`fmhugofg FTEC >9*>?758*82*7 7# G`ogeiqf|gèäm# 5# G`ogeiqf|gèäm ai gay`qmt# 4# Iaydgèäm ai 7¼ hugy# 1# Iaydgamuit eugtf`ifumt# 9# Ictfcm * Jiqmam`mhfg# ?# Ouifui, Rgy`m, 7657*7668# 8# Jæqmam Rgy`m Ouifui# ># Riaghmhfg# F# Qêqy`m# DAA * 482 482#6 #65 5 * 487#4 * 481#171 * 481#25
Êcafdi rgug dgqç`mhm tftqijçqfdm< 7# Iaydgamuit< Eugtf`< Efmhugofg 5# Ictfcm< Jiqmam`mhfg 4# Ictfcm ai 7#¼ hugy< Jiqmam`mhfg 1# Iaydgèäm ai gay`qmt< Jæqmamt
482#65 487#4 485#171 481#25
Iafqmug Guqi / Dfìcdfg
Uyg amt Ougcditit, 67 Ei`g _ftqg Täm Rgy`m TR * DIR 27456*272 Qi`-og~< i`-og~ < .277& 594*281? 594*28 1? .277& 5>>*5?8? 5>>*5? 8? Cg Fcqiuciq< nqqr<--xxx#guqidficdfg#dmj#eu
Ât iaydgamugt i iaydgamuit rmry`guit wyi gqygj cg itdm`g my omug ai`g rmuwyi cm af|iu ai Rgy`m Ouifui täm mt jgft grqmt g icqicaì* icqicaì* `m#
TYJÇUFM Fcqumayèäm
77
Rgy` Rg y`mm OOuuifui< ui< yyjg jg vf vfag ag dmj mjru rumj mjiiqfa fagg dmj dmj mt mr mruf ufjf jfam amtt
74
R gy `m O uif ui< y j r ic t gjic q m c gt dfa m a g v fa g
97
G t e g t i t a m r ic t g j i c q m a i R g y ` m O u i f u i
91
N y j gc f | g è ä m i a i t y j g c f | g è äm
9?
M t i c q f a m a g ia y dg è ä m
9>
G i a y d gèä m æ y j g qm a i dm c n id fj ic q m
96
G i a y dg è ä m æ t i j r u i r m ` ê q f d g
?7
G ia y dgèä m t i og| gqu gv æt a m a f ç`m h m
?4
M r gri` a m ia ydgam u
??
G ` o g e i q f | g è ä m < ` i u m j y c a m r g u g i t d u i v iu g n f t q ô u f g
84
R gu g w y i g` oge iq f| gu =
89
Rgy`m Ouifui i g g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai gay`qmt
86
M c gt df j ic qm a g j iqm a m ` m h fg R gy ` m O uifu i
>4
M r u m di t t m a g g ` og e iq f | gè äm
66
M Dêudy`m ai Dy`qyug
77?
Gt ui*dufgèùit ai Rgy`m Ouifui
776
Efe `f mh ugofg
749
72
C
FCQUMAYÈÄM
g ü`qfjg vfghij wyi oi| gmt Itqgamt Ycfamt, rmydgt tijgcgt gcqit ai jmuuiu, Rgy`m Ouifui omf dmcvfagam rgug yj icdmcqum dmj gjfhmt cg dgtg ai yj lmucg`ftqg eugtf`ifum# @ç, yjg iaydgamug cmuqi*gjiufdgcg riuhycqmy rgug Rgy`m wyg` iug g wyg`fagai wyi dmctfaiugvg oycagjicqg` cyj iaydgamu# Tij jyfqg aijmug, Rgy`m gofujmy wyi, rgug i`i, iug hmtqgu ag vfag# Itqg uitrmtqg rmaiufg tmgu itqugcng rguqfcam ai yj amt jgfmuit riaghmhmt am cmttm tædy`m# Icquiqgcqm, ij ti qugqgcam ai Rgy`m Ouifui cäm nç cgag g gajfugu# Gofcg`, Rgy`m vfviy grgf~mcgagjicqi m tiy qijrm i dmctquyfy yjg riaghmhfg wyi eumqg ag `yqg ri`g vfag, ri`g vfag ij geycaåcdfg# Jitjm wyi g uitrmtqg â iaydgamug cmuqi*gjiufdgcg, afofdf`jicqi, tilg icdmcqugag cmt dmjrìcafmt ai afaçqfdg, m hmtqm ri`g vfag omf yj rufcdêrfm iaydgqfvm rgug itqi cmttm rufcdfrg` iaydgamu eugtf`ifum# Ij myqug tfqygèäm, Rgy`m lç gofujgug m rmaiu ag vfag< ‐Æ i~gqgjicqi g vfag, wyi ghyègcam cmttg dyufmtfagai, cmt `ivg gm dmcnidfjicqm; æ m afuifqm ai qmamt â vfag wyi cmt og| tm`façufmt; æ g mrèäm ri`g vfag wyi cmt qmucg æqfdmt#‚ _fag, dyufmtfagai, dmcnidfjicqm, tm`fagufiagai, æqfdg täm g`hyjgt agt rg`gvugt hiugamugt ag iaydgèäm, cg vftäm ai Rgy`m Ouifui#
77
RGY@M OUIFUI< YJG _FAG DMJRUMJIQFAG DMJ MT MRUFJFAMT
omqm< Ly`fm Xgfciu * 7669
71
D
iuqgjicqi vmdì dmcnidi g`hyct aitqit rictgjicqmt<
Cfchyæj iaydg cfchyæj# Cfchyæj iaydg g tf jitjm, mt Nmjict ti iaydgj icqui tf, jiafgqf|gamt ri`m jycam# Cfchyæj `feiuqg cfchyæj, cfchyæj ti `feiuqg tm|fcnm< mt Nmjict ti `feiuqgj ij dmjycnäm# Cäm nç iaydgèäm ciyqug# Qmag ciyqug`fagai gofujgag æ yjg mrèäm itdmcafag# Jitjm wyi cäm riudiegjmt, cmttg ruç~ft, dmjm iaydgamuit, æ rgug g `feiuqgèäm amt tiuit nyjgcmt, tyg nyjgcf|gèäm my rgug g amjitqfdgèäm, tyg amjfcgèäm#
I`it i~ruittgj faæfgt wyi vìj fco`yicdfgcam gt ruçqfdgt iaydgqfvgt ai yj hugcai cüjium ai iaydgamuit, ij qmagt gt rguqit am jycam# Æ afoêdf` tgeiu gqæ mcai i`gt dnihgj i wyi ruçqfdgt fco`yicdfgj# Dmctfaiugagt dmjm mevfiagait rmu wyij gt omujy`my, i`gt g`fjicqgj huyrmt ai uivm`ydfmcçufmt ij I` Tg`vgamu, lmvict guqftqgt cm Lgräm, jf`fqgcqit cihumt cmt Itqgamt Ycfamt, tfcafdg`ftqgt cg Fqç`fg, qiô`mhmt ag `feiuqgèäm, rumoittmuit cmt jgft vgufgamt dmcqi~qmt ag qiuug i yjg fcofcfagai ai qugeg`nmt ai iaydgèäm rmry`gu, aiticvm`vfamt rmu rittmgt dmjrumjiqfagt dmj g`hyjg omujg ai `feiuqgèäm# 79
Rgy`m Ouifui, Ouifui, dmjm eij af|fg yj amt tiyt itqyafmtmt, itqyafmtmt, ‐æ yj iaydgamu jy`qfdy`qyug` wyi qij qmam m jycam dmjm tyg tg`g ai gy`g, gritgu am tgemu dmjr`iqgjicqi eugtf`ifum ai tygt ijmèùit, tyg `fchyghij i tiy ycfviutm ai rictgjicqm#‚ Ai ogqm, Rgy`m uig`f|my itqg ogègcng< uiycfy gt wyitqùit `mdgft dmj gt ycfviutgft, m rumoittmu ai Uidfoi dmj m riaghmhm ycfviutg`, g fcqyfèäm cgtdfag cg ruçqfdg dmqfafgcg dmj g uio`i~äm mufhfcg` wyi aitgofgvg g irftqijm`mhfg i g gcqumrm`mhfg jmaiucgt# Rgug gdmjrgcngu m rictgjicqm rictgjicqm ai Rgy`m Ouifui Ouifui æ ai hugcai fjrmuqåcdfg tihyfu g `fcng jitqug ai tyg vfag rmuwyi, dmiuicqijicqi dmj m wyi af|fg tmeui g ui`gèäm afg`æqfdg icqui m tiu nyjgcm i m tiy jycam, i`i ytmy g vfag i gt dmftgt am afg g afg rgug, g rguqfu ai`gt, dmctquyfu m tiy rictgjicqm# Ij Rgy`m Ouifui vfag, rictgjicqm i meug ti lycqgj, omujgcam yj tô qidfam#
7?
M cgtdfjicqm i g fcoåcdfg Rgy`m Ouifui cgtdiy ij Uidfoi, cg uyg am Icdgcgjicqm, c² 851, cm afg 76 ai tiqijeum ai 7657# Tiy cmji dmjr`iqm< Rgy`m Uih`yt Civit Ouifui# ‐Uih`yt, omf fcvicèäm ai jiy rgf# Cäm tif wyg` omf g fco`yìcdfg `gqfcg wyi i`i qivi, wygcam omf ji uihftqugu# M ogqm æ wyi Uih`yt aiviufg tiu Ui*hy*`yt, jgt m tylifqm am dguqôufm iuumy i itduiviy Uih`yt# Dmjidif g tiu dmcnidfam dmjm Rgy`m Ouifui aitai g jfcng gam`itdìcdfg# M cmji rmu i~qictm, cg viuagai, cycdg rihmy#‚ Tiy rgf, Lmgwyfj Qijêtqmd`it Ouifui, omf mofdfg` ag Rm`êdfg Jf`fqgu ai Riucgjeydm i tyg jäi, Iai`quyait Civit Ouifui, yjg |i`mtg amcg ai dgtg# Wygcam aiafdmy gmt rgft tiy rufjifum `fvum< Iaydgèäm dmjm ruçqfdg ag `feiuagai , Rgy`m af| wyi omf dmj i`it wyi gruicaiy m afç`mhm wyi ‐qugqif ai jgcqiu dmj m jycam, dmj mt nmjict, dmj Aiyt, dmj jfcng jy`niu i jiyt of`nmt#‚
Gt `ijeugcègt ag fcoåcdfg Rmu jyfqgt vi|it, ij dmcoiuìcdfgt i itdufqmt, Rgy`m ti uioiufy g tyg fcoåcdfg# Tijrui dmj `ijeugcègt jitd`gagt ai tgyagait i ijmèùit# Ij Dgjrfcgt .TR&, geufcam m Dmchuittm Eugtf`ifum ai @ifqyug, ij 76>7, dmjicqmy< ‐Ji vilm cg dgtg jiafgcg ij wyi cgtdf, umaigag ai çuvmuit, g`hyjgt ai`gt dmjm ti omttij hicqi, qg` g fcqfjfagai icqui côt — â tyg tmjeug eufcdgvg i ij tiyt hg`nmt jgft aôdift â jfcng g`qyug iy ji i~riufjicqgvg ij uftdmt jicmuit wyi ji ruirgugvgj rgug uftdmt i gvicqyugt jgfmuit# G vi`ng dgtg, tiyt wyguqmt, tiy dmuuiamu, tiy tôqäm, tiy qiuugèm — m têqfm agt gvicdgt ai jfcng jäi — m wyfcqg` gjr`m ij wyi ti gdngvg, qyam ftqm omf m jiy rufjifum jycam#‚ 78
Qi`g< Lgcafug Lgca fug _fag`
‐Oyf g`ogeiqf|gam cm dnäm am wyfcqg` ai jfcng dgtg, â tmjeug agt jgchyifugt, dmj rg`gvugt am jiy jycam i cäm am jycam jgfmu amt jiyt rgft# M dnäm omf m jiy wygaum*cihum; hugviqmt, m jiy hf|#‚
G dufti ai 56 Ij 7656, g iyomufg wyi ngvfg qmjgam dmcqg ag Iyumrg i ag Gjæufdg, dmj m ofcg` ag Rufjifug Hyiuug Jycafg`, 7>
uiaycamy ij yjg itridy`gèäm aiticouigag cgt Em`tgt ai _g`muit, itridfg`jicqi cg ai Cmvg Vmuk, i`ivgcam gttytqgamugjicqi mt ruièmt agt gèùit ai ijruitgt uigft my fcvicqgagt rgug gqicaiu â omuqi aijgcag ai gèùit# G og`qg ai tytqicqgèäm idmcñjfdg aitqit ruièmt gdgemy rumay|fcam, ij 7656, yj glytqgjicqm qugyjçqfdm# Itqg dufti, wyi geg`my m jycam, uiriudyqfy cm Eugtf`, goiqgcam g cmttg idmcmjfg# Itqi ogqm fcqiuoiufy rumoycagjicqi cg vfag am jicfcm Rgy`m Ouifui# ‐Jfcng ogjê`fg, wyi iug ai d`gtti jæafg, omf meufhgag g aif~gu g dgtg ij Uidfoi rgug jmugu ij Lgemgqäm, dmj g faæfg jçhfdg ai wyi tgfcam ai `ç gt dmftgt ji`nmugufgj# Cm icqgcqm, i`gt rfmugugj# Itqi ogqm rumvmdmy yjg jyagcèg oycagjicqg` cg jfcng vfag#‚ Lgemgqäm, jycfdêrfm vf|fcnm ai Uidfoi, omf ai hugcai fjrmuqåcdfg cg vfag ai Rgy`m Ouifui# Omf `ç wyi i`i riuaiy m rgf i dmcnidiy m tfhcfofdgam ag rmeui|g# ‐Ij Lgemgqäm ji qmucif nmjij, hugègt â amu i gm tmoufjicqm wyi cäm ji tyejiuhfugj cgt tmjeugt am aititrium#‚ Cgtdfam cyjg ogjê`fg ai d`gtti jæafg ijrmeuidfag dmj g dufti, Rgy`m rguqfdfrmy ai amft afoiuicqit jycamt< ai yj `gam, m tqgqyt tmdfg` agam ‐ri`g hugvgqg am rgf i m rfgcm ag qfg i, am myqum `gam, m dm`ihyftjm dmj mt jicfcmt rmeuit‚# ‐Rguqfdfrgcam am jycam amt wyi dmjfgj, jitjm wyi rmydm dmjìttijmt, rguqfdfrçvgjmt qgjeæj am jycam amt wyi cäm dmjfgj, jitjm wyi dmjìttijmt jgft am wyi i`it ‑ m jycam amt jicfcmt i agt jicfcgt amt dôuuihmt, amt jmdgjemt, amt jmuumt# Gm rufjifum, itqçvgjmt `fhgamt rmu cmttg rmtfèäm ai d`gtti; gm tihycam, rmu cmttg omji#‚ Itqg tfqygèäm `ivmy Rgy`m g ti gyqm — aicmjfcgu ‐jicfcm dmcidqfvm‚ Täm jyfqgt gt nftqôufgt, `ijeugagt rmu Rgy`m, ui`gqfvgt g 76
itqi riuêmam tmoufam, jgt ufdm ai gruicaf|ghict# Itqg æ yjg ait`gt< ‐Iy qfcng rmttfvi`jicqi mc|i, am|i gcmt, yj rmydm ogjfcqm, jgt cäm qgcqm wygcqm amt jicfcmt aitqi rgêt, aitai dmcqfcicqi# @ijeum*ji ai yjg jgcnä ai amjfchm, yjg jgcnä tij dnyvg# Itqçvgjmt, jiyt fujämt jgft vi`nmt i iy, cm oycam am wyfcqg`, cyj hugjgam ij wyi jfcng jäi r`gcqgug g`hyjgt umtifugt rgug icoifqgu g vfag afoêdf`# Ift wyi yjg hg`fcng riauìt ti grum~fjg ai côt aftqugêag, gdmjrgcngcam dmj tiy ritdmèm mcay`gcqi mt ry`mt ai yj hgogcnmqm fcdgyqm# Ij diuqm jmjicqm, g hg`fcng grgcnmy m hgogcnmqm# I côt grgcngjmt g hg`fcng# Rihgjmt g hg`fcng cyj tg`qm, tij ngviu yj gdiuqm ruævfm# G jiafgèäm ag cmttg gèäm iug g omji amt quìt, iug g ug|äm ai tiu ag ruçqfdg, i wygcam jfcng jäi myvfy mt hufqmt ag hg`fcng i dmuuiy gqæ côt cm wyfcqg`, i`g lç cäm hufqgvg jgft rmuwyi icqugvg cmt itqiuqmuit# Côt ngvêgjmt itqugchy`gam g hg`fcng# I iy cäm itwyièm wyi jfcng jäi, duftqä, dgqô`fdg, tæufg, eij*dmjrmuqgag, dmj yjg dmctdfìcdfg æqfdg egtqgcqi ghyègag, ghguumy g hg`fcng riauìt cgt jämt i aivi qiu afqm g i`g jitjg< m wyi og|iu= Aivm`viu itqg hg`fcng gm rumrufiqçufm riafcam aitdy`rg ri`m gqm amt tiyt of`nmt, dmjm rmttfvi`jicqi g tyg dmctdfìcdfg æqfdg tyhiufufg, my, ri`m dmcquçufm, og|iu dmj gwyi`g hg`fcng m `gyqm g`jmèm wyi nç qijrm cäm qêcngjmt= D`gum wyi i`g cycdg ji aftti ftqm, iy gricgt qugay|m g tyg nitfqgèäm# Ai uiricqi, tij af|iu 52
rg`gvug, vfug rgug m qiuugèm i icdgjfcng*ti rgug g dm|fcng, dmj m dmurm wyicqi ag hg`fcng am vf|fcnm# Yjg my aygt nmugt airmft, dmjêgjmt yjg i~di`icqi uioifèäm# Cm afg tihyfcqi, cäm nç aüvfag cicnyjg wyi m amcm ticqfy og`qg ag hg`fcng i aivi qiu itquieydngam ai ugfvg dmcqug m `gauäm# Rmttfvi`jicqi i`i lgjgft rmaiufg qiu rictgam wyi lycqm ai`i, cg dgtg am vf|fcnm, itqgvgj mt gyqmuit am tyjfèm# Jgt i`i cäm rmafg og|iu itqg dmclidqyug rmuwyi mt gyqmuit am tyjfèm iugj mt of`nmt am dgrfqäm Qijêtqmd`it, jiy rgf, i mt of`nmt am dgrfqäm Qijêtqmd`it cäm rmafgj tiu `gauùit ai hg`fcng# M jiy vf|fcnm cäm rmafg rictgu wyi côt æugjmt mt gyqmuit agwyi`i oyuqm rmuwyi g d`gtti tmdfg` â wyi côt riuqicdêgjmt cäm rmttfef`fqgvg wyi i`i of|itti itqg dmclidqyug# Cm jç~fjm, ti vfitti g aitdmeufu wyi æugjmt côt mt gyqmuit, m vf|fcnm fufg agu yjg uftm aftduiqm i af|iu â jfcng jäi< cäm ti ruimdyri, ftqm æ qui`g agt dufgcègt# Ti omttij, rmuæj, jicfcmt ai yj mriuçufm, qiufgj tfam dmctfaiugamt ai`fcwðicqit fcogcqft# Cg viuagai, cäm æugjmt i cij omjmt ai`fcwðicqit, jgqgjmt g hg`fcng riauìt am vf|fcnm rgug dmjiu# Qêcngjmt omji# Fcd`ytfvi, cgwyi`g ærmdg, iy cäm oyuqif afcnifum rmuwyi cäm nmyvi dngcdi, ticäm qiufg oyuqgam# Jgt gèüdgu ai yjg vicag wyi qfcng ruô~fjg ag cmttg dgtg iy wygti dgctm ai umyegu# Aitdmeuf cg fcoåcdfg wyi m gèüdgu iug iciuhæqfdm, i iug jiy dmurm wyi fg gmt qmuuùit ai gèüdgu euyqm i cäm g jfcng jicqi, ti iy rmttm og|iu itqg afdmqmjfg fcvfçvi`# Rictm cmt jicfcmt dmj omji, cmt jicfcmt qugêamt, cgt jicfcgt vf`fricafgagt cgt uygt aitqi rgêt, aitqi i ai myqumt dmcqfcicqit# Jicfcmt i jicfcgt wyi itqäm fcvicqgcam myqum rgêt# I côt, jgft vi`nmt, qijmt wyi glyagu ittgt jicfcgt i ittit jicfcmt g uiog|iu m Eugtf`#‚ Gt afofdy`agait icouicqgagt `ivgugj Rgy`m g riudieiu wyi ngvfg g`hm ai iuugam cyj jycam mcai g`hyjgt rittmgt iugj tyejiqfagt g qgcqgt dguìcdfgt i wyi itqgt fclytqfègt rmafgj tiu jyagagt# 57
Itqg gqfqyai ai oæ cgt rmttfef`fagait ai jyagcèg, wyi jgft qguai i`i dngjmy ai ‐mqfjftjm duêqfdm‚, qmucmy*ti yjg agt jgudgt ag tyg riaghmhfg< fcafhcgèäm ouicqi â uig`fagai fclytqg, jgt qgjeæj `yqg ri`g tyg qugctomujgèäm# ‐Yjg agt oycagjicqgft afoiuicègt icqui jfj i fcqi`idqygft ogqg`ftqgt wyi cäm tmcngj, cäm duìij ij yqmrfgt, itqç cm mqfjftjm duêqfdm i cgag fchìcym wyi ji gcfjg# G itriugcèg æ i~fhìcdfg mcqm`ôhfdg amt tiuit nyjgcmt#‚ Omf, rmuqgcqm, ij Lgemgqäm, cg dmcvfvìcdfg dmj g rmeui|g, wyi Rgy`m Rgy`m ti ruirgumy rgug m dmjrumjfttm dmjrumjfttm dmj mt mrufjfamt#
M itqyagcqi Omf qgjeæj ij Lgemgqäm wyi Rgy`m dmjr`iqmy m dyutm rufjçufm# Rgug dmcqfcygu mt itqyamt qiufg wyi fu gqæ Uidfoi, m wyi tô rmaiufg gdmcqidiu ti cäm qfvitti wyi rghgu g itdm`g# A# Qyqfcng, dmjm iug dmcnidfag g jäi ai Rgy`m, rumdyumy ayugcqi g`hyj qijrm yjg itdm`g wyi moiuiditti yjg em`tg ai itqyam rgug m of`nm# ‐Gfcag ji `ijeum am umtqm ai jfcng jäi, ij omujg ai uftm, ji af|icam ag dmcviutg wyi qfviug dmj Au# G`yê|fm, afuiqmu am Dm`æhfm Mtxg`am Duy|, i ag tyg aidftäm ij moiuidiu*ji g mrmuqycfagai ai itqyagu#‚ Am Dm`æhfm Mtxg`am Duy|, Rgy`m Ouifui tô tgfy rgug dyutgu Afuifqm# Jitjm gttfj, vm`qmy gm jitjm dm`æhfm dmjm rumoittmu ai rmuqyhyìt, ayugcqi m qijrm ij wyi dyutgvg g ogdy`agai#
M dgtgjicqm dmj I`|g Omf citqg ærmdg, wyi Rgy`m dmcnidiy I`|g Jgfg Dmtqg M`fvifug, yjg rumoittmug ai ruæ*itdm`g wyi jgudgufg, aiofcfqfvgjicqi, g tyg vfag rittmg` i rumofttfmcg`# ‐Yj afg icdmcquif I`|g cyjg itwyfcg ag uyg# Iy tijrui 55
afhm wyi cfchyæj jgudg icdmcqum dmj m gjmu# Itti cihôdfm ai gjmu gdmcqidi, qij tyg ug|äm# G hicqi ti icdmcqug cyjg itwyfcg, cyjg itwyfcg wyg`wyiu ag i~ftqìcdfg# Jgt cfchyæj icdmcqug gricgt, rmuwyi æ icdmcqugam# Cyjg itwyfcg wyg`wyiu ag vfag iy icdmcquif I`|g i i`g ji icdmcqumy# I aiy diuqm m icdmcqum‚ Gmt 54 gcmt, Rgy`m dgtmy*ti dmj I`|g# _fviugj 15 gcmt ai gjmu, gjmu, dmj mt of`nmt< Jgufg Jgag`icg, Jgufg Duftqfcg, Jgufg ai Oçqfjg, Lmgwyfj i @yqhguait#
I`|g
54
Rgy`m, I`|g, of`ngt i rufjmt * Uidfoi, 7697
I`|g, Rgy`m, of`nmt, of`nm t, hicumt i cmug * T#R#, T#R#, 76>4 51
G vfag rumofttfmcg` Ijemug qicng ti omujgam gavmhgam, Rgy`m gricgt ictgfmy fchuittgu cg rumofttäm, Qicam Qicam yjg ücfdg i~riufìcdfg citqg çuig< ‐Cyjg qguai, dnihgcam ij dgtg, oyf `mhm ji afufhfcam â I`|g af|icam< Ji ijmdfmcif jyfqm itqg qguai# Lç cäm tiuif gavmhgam# Cäm æ g gavmdgdfg m wyi wyium#‚ Omf gttfj wyi Rgy`m dmjièmy g dmcqgu rgug I`|g m aitoidnm am tiy rufjifum qugeg`nm dmjm gavmhgam< g dmeugcèg g yj lmvij aicqftqg wyi, qicam ti icafvfagam dmj g jmcqghij ai tiy dmcty`qôufm, rumrycng icquihgu mt jôvift ai tyg dgtg dmjm rguqi am rghgjicqm am aæefqm# ‐Rmu icwygcqm vmdì rmaiuç ofdgu dmj tiyt jôvift rmuwyi cg ruô~fjg tijgcg aivm`viuif g dgytg g tiy duiamu# I`i `ivguç g`hyj qijrm gqæ dmctihyfu myqum cidittfqgam rgug tiu tiy gavmhgam# Dmj vmdì, icdiuum jfcng rgttghij ri`g dguuifug wyi cij fcfdfif#‚ Cm ofcg`, I`|g tô dmjicqmy< ‐Iy lç itriugvg rmu ftqm, vmdì æ yj iaydgamu‚#
M qijrm am TITF Rmydm airmft ai aif~gu g gavmdgdfg, Rgy`m dmjièmy g qugeg`ngu cm TITF .Tiuvfèm Tmdfg` ag Fcaütqufg&# Mt ai| gcmt wyi rgttmy citqg fctqfqyfèäm omugj qäm fjrmuqgcqit rgug g tyg omujgèäm riaghôhfdg wyi i`i ti uioiufg g itqi riuêmam dmjm ‐qijrm oycagcqi‚, rmuwyi vfg ci`i m dmjièm ai tyg dmjruiictäm am rictgjicqm, ag `fchyghij i gruicaf|ghij amt huyrmt rmry`guit# Omf cm TITF, dmcvfvicam dmj afuiqmuit i rumoittmuit ai itdm`gt rufjçufgt, dmmuaicgamuit i rguqfdfrgcqit ai rumhugjgt dy`qyugft, wyi Rgy`m ti dmcvicdiy am ritm am gyqmufqguftjm cg dy`qyug eugtf`ifug# 59
D`gyafyt .dyfagamt itdm`g&
Gyqmufqguftjm wyi, jgft qguai, i`i dufqfdgufg ai omujg fcdftfvg cm qmdgcqi gm cmttm tftqijg iaydgdfmcg`# Omf qgjeæj citqg ærmdg wyi Rgy`m gruicaiy m wygcqm æ afoiuicqi og`gu ‐dmj g`hyæj‚ i og`gu ‐rgug g`hyæj‚# Dmjm eytdgvg yjg ioiqfvg fcqihugèäm icqui rumoittmuit i rgft agt itdm`gt jgcqfagt ri`m TITF, i`i dufmy m Dêudy`m ai Rgft i Jitquit#Uig`f|gvgj*ti icdmcqumt riufôafdmt ayugcqi mt wygft iug qugqgam yj qijg iaydgqfvm ai tyrmtqm fcqiuitti am huyrm# G iwyfri am TITF itdm`nfg m gttycqm i ti ruirgugvg rgug gruiticqç* `m cm Dêudy`m# Iug rgqicqi m ruiamjêcfm am huyrm ai itridfg`ftqgt tmeui mt rgft, dgctgamt mriuçufmt i i~gyufagt jäit# Icwygcqm mt rumoittmuit og`gvgj, mt rgft riujgcidfgj jyamt# Yjg cmfqi, airmft ai yjg `mchg i~rmtfèäm ij wyi Rgy`m aitduiviy m aiticvm`vfjicqm am ly`hgjicqm jmug` cg dufgcèg, yj rgf, dufgcam dmughij, ictgfmy yj dmjicqçufm< ‐M amyqmu og`g jyfqm emcfqm, g hicqi gqæ hmtqg ai ofdg myvfcam# Tô wyi g hicqi qij myqumt rume`ijgt, dmj mt jicfcmt, `ç ij dgtg# G hicqi vij gwyf i cyj vì dnihç g nmug ai qugqgu amt rume`ijgt wyi g hicqi qij#‚ Dmcqgvg Rgy`m wyi, cgwyi`i i~gqm jmjicqm, aitdmeufy m wygcqm æ afoiuicqi og`gu ‐rgug g`hyæj‚ i og`gu ‐dmj g`hyæj‚# Ofdgvg ivfaicqi g fjrmuqåcdfg ai ti `ivgu ij dmcqg mt fcqiuittit amt iaydgcamt cgt gèùit iaydgqfvgt# 5?
Wygcam afuiqmu am TITF * Riucgjeydm
M rumoittmu ycfviutfqçufm Tgfcam am TITF i tihyfcam tyg vmdgèäm ai iaydgamu, Rgy`m Ouifui ti qmucmy rumoittmu ycfviutfqçufm# Cyjg icquivftqg â uivftqg uivftqg Qimufg i Aiegqi, Ouifui uioiufy*ti g itqg rgttghij# ‐Dnihmy yj jmjicqm ij wyi iy dmjidif g tiu dmcnidfam cg dfagai am Uidfoi dmjm iaydgamu# Ngvfg yj aftrmtfqfvm cm Itqgqyqm ag Ycfviutfagai ri`m wyg`, gcqit ai og|iu g qiti, g Ycfviutfagai uidmcnidfg ij g`hyæj m wyi i`g dngjgvg ai tgeiu cmqôufm# Iy uiwyiuf â Ycfviutfagai m ‐tgeiu cmqôufm‚ cm dgjrm ag iaydgèäm# Rgug jfj iug oçdf` rumvgu ittg jfcng ruiticèg riaghôhfdg cm Uidfoi, gcqit jitjm ai qiu grguidfam cgdfmcg`jicqi dmj g wyitqäm ag g`ogeiqf|gèäm# Ij 7696, of| dmcdyutm, oyf dmcqugqgam ri`g Ycfviutfagai fcqiufcgjicqi rgug tiu rumoittmu ai Nftqôufg i Of`mtmofg ag Iaydgèäm cm dyutm ai Rumoittmugam ai Aiticnm ag Itdm`g ai Ei`gt Guqit#‚ 58
M JDR Ij 76?2, Jfhyi` Guugit, ruioifqm ag dfagai ai Uidfoi, jmtqumy*ti fcqiuittgam ij gjr`fgu mt qugeg`nmt ai iaydgèäm ai dufgcègt i gay`qmt cgt gjr`gt çuigt ag rmeui|g# Rgug ftqm, dmcvf* amy fcqi`idqygft, tfcafdg`ftqgt i m rmvm ij hiug` g ti ichglguij cyj jmvfjicqm ai afvy`hgèäm dy`qyug` ai dguçqiu gyqñcmjm, m Jmvfjicqm ai Dy`qyug Rmry`gu ai Riucgjeydm .JDR&# Rgy`m omf yj amt fcqi`idqygft wyi ti ichglgugj cm JDR# ‐M JDR qugeg`ngvg dmj iaydgèäm rmry`gu agt dufgcègt, amt gay`qmt, i qugeg`ngvg, qgjeæj, dmj qigqum rmry`gu# Mt rumliqmt am JDR ti icqui`gègvgj, cäm ngvfg airguqgjicqmt itqgcwyit# Cgwyi`g ærmdg côt of|ijmt yj dfudm wyi iug yj qigqum gjey`gcqi# Côt og|êgjmt yj `ivgcqgjicqm cmt egfuumt riufoæufdmt am Uidfoi rgug tgeiu ij wyi qiuuicmt dm`mdgu m dfudm, tij rghgu fjrmtqm# Ritwyftçvgjmt m dytqm am dfcijg jgft egugqm ag çuig rgug fhyg`gu gm ruièm am fchuittm# @mqçvgjmt mt dfudmt i m rmvm gamugvg# @ivçvgjmt riègt jyfqm rumhuittftqgt, rumvmdçvgjmt mt huyrmt rmry`guit g qgjeæj og|iu riègt i rumrmu guqftqgt rgug tiuij qugeg`ngamt ri`g iwyfri ai qigqum# Myqug dmftg `fcag iug wyi, ayugcqi g rièg, m rmvm rguqfdfrgvg, hufqgvg, icqugvg cg rièg#‚
Têqfm ag Qufcagai * tiai am a m JDR * Uidfoi 5>
Omf qgjeæj cm JDR wyi Rgy`m oi| tygt rufjifugt i~riufìcdfgt cm dgjrm ag g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai gay`qmt, wyi vfg dmjm yj rumdittm jgft gjr`m, dngjgam ai dmctdficqf|gèäm# G riaghmhfg ai Ouifui gr`fdgag â g`ogeiqf|gèäm rumvmdmy rumoycag ugfvg cgt d`gttit amjfcgcqit, uigèäm wyi Rgy`m i~r`fdgvg ag tihyfcqi omujg< ‐Æ wyi ât d`gttit amjfcgcqit cäm fjrmuqgvg wyi iy cäm qfvitti yj uôqy`m rmuwyi i`gt agvgj yj# Rgug i`gt iy iug dmjycftqg, fcfjfhm ai Aiyt i ai`gt# I cäm fjrmuqgvg wyi iy cäm omtti# Riuof`g wyij qij rmaiu# Wyij cäm qij æ riuof`gam# G d`gtti amjfcgcqi qfcng rmaiu tyofdficqi rgug af|iu wyi iy iug dmjycftqg# Æ d`gum wyi ngvfg yj jêcfjm ai dmcafèùit meliqfvgt rgug wyi i`it ryaittij og|iu itqgt gdytgèùit# G oycagjicqgèäm eçtfdg rgug wyi iy omtti dngjgam dmjycftqg iy agvg# Iy ruihgvg yjg riaghmhfg aitvi`gamug agt fclytqfègt; aitmdy`qgamug ag jicqfug faim`ôhfdg# Af|fg wyi m qugeg`ngamu, icwygcqm iaydgcam, qfcng m aiviu ai eufhgu ri`m afuifqm ai rguqfdfrgu ag itdm`ng amt dmcqiüamt ictfcgamt g i`i# Iy aioicafg yjg riaghmhfg aijmduçqfdg wyi rguqfg agt gctfiagait, amt aitilmt, amt tmcnmt, agt dguìcdfgt agt d`gttit rmry`guit#‚
M hm`ri ai ?1 Airmft ag uicücdfg fcqijritqfvg ai Låcfm Wygaumt â ruitfaìcdfg ag uirüe`fdg, mt tiqmuit dmctiuvgamuit tô dmcomujgugj*ti dmj g rmtti am vfdi*ruitfaicqi Lmäm Hmy`guq airmft ai jyagu m tftqijg ai ruitfaicdfg` rgug rgu`gjicqgu# Cäm dmcofgvgj ij Hmy`guq, i~*jfcftqum am qugeg`nm ai Hiqü`fm _guhgt, dmj omuqi grmfm rm`êqfdm amt tfcafdgqmt# Qijfgj wyi i`i, itqgcam cg ruitfaìcdfg, ogvmuiditti jyagcègt itquyqyugft tfhcfofdgqfvgt ij ogvmu agt dgjgagt rmry`guit# M rgu`gjicqguf rgu`gjicqguftjm tjm ayumy rmydm i yj r`ieftdfqm r`ieftdfqm qumy~i ai vm`qg m ruitfaicdfg`ftjm# Mt dmctiuvgamuit dmjiègugj g 56
dmctrfugu dmcqug m hmviucm# Rgug meqiu m grmfm ag d`gtti jæafg, mt jifmt ai dmjycfdgèäm ai jgttg, dmcqum`gamt rmu i`it, rgttgugj g g`guaigu m uftdm wyi m Eugtf` dmuufg ai qmucgu*ti dmjycftqg cm hmviucm Hmy`guq# Meqfviugj dmj ftqm g tfjrgqfg ai hugcai rguqi ag nfiuguwyfg dgqô`fdg i, ij r`icg Hyiuug Oufg, m grmfm vi`gam cmuqi*gjiufdgcm# Ij 47 ai jguèm, g dmctrfugèäm dy`jfcmy dmj yjg jmvfjicqgèäm jf`fqgu g rguqfu ai Jfcgt Hiugft# Dmctdficqi ag tyg oughf`fagai ouicqi gmt gaviutçufmt i ag fcyqf`fagai ai yjg uitftqìcdfg gujgag, m ruitfaicqi Lmäm Hmy`guq gegcamcmy m hmviucm# G lycqg jf`fqgu wyi gttyjfy aidfafy cäm icquihgu m rmaiu gmt dfvêt; fcfdfmy*ti, aitti jmam, yj riuêmam ai vfcqi gcmt ai afqgayug jf`fqgu# Dmj m hm`ri vfiugj gt riutihyfèùit rm`êqfdgt# ‐M hm`ri ai Itqgam ai 76?1 cäm tmjicqi aiqivi m itomuèm wyi og|fg cm dgjrm ag iaydgèäm ai gay`qmt i ag dy`qyug rmry`gu, dmjm ji `ivmy â ruftäm rmu diudg ai 82 afgt# Oyf tyejiqfam, ayugcqi wygqum afgt, g fcqiuumhgqôufmt wyi dmcqfcygugj airmft am FRJ7 am Ufm ai Lgcifum# @fvuif*ji rumdyugcam uioühfm cg Ijegf~gag ag Em`êvfg, ij tiqijeum# Cg jgfmufg amt fcqiuumhgqôufmt g wyi oyf tyejiqfam, m wyi ti wyiufg rumvgu — g`æj ag jfcng „fhcmuåcdfg getm`yqg‖ iug m riufhm wyi iy uiruiticqgvg# Oyf dmctfaiugam dmjm „tyeviutfvm fcqiucgdfmcg`‖, dmjm yj „qugfamu ai Duftqm i am rmvm eugtf`ifum‖# Yj amt lyê|it riuhycqmy*ji< „_mdì cihg wyi tiy jæqmam æ tiji`ngcqi gm ai Tqg`fc, Nfq`iu, Riuôc i Jyttm`fcf= _mdì cihg wyi dmj tiy ruiqictm jæqmam vmdì wyiu jitjm æ em`dnivf|gu m rgêt=‖### M wyi ofdgvg jyfqm d`gum ij qmag itqg i~riufìcdfg, ag wyg` tgê tij ôafm i tij aititrium, iug wyi yjg mcag gjigègamug ai fuugdfmcg`ftjm itqicafg*ti tmeui côt< iug yjg omujg my aftqmuèäm rgqm`ôhfdg ag dmctdfìcdfg fchìcyg, i~quijgjicqi riufhmtg rmu 7
Fcwyæufqm Rm`fdfg` Jf`fqgu
42
dgytg ag og`qg ai gjmu wyi g g`fjicqg, rmu dgytg ag jêtqfdg wyi g gcfjg#‚ M Itqgam ai T# Rgy`m * 56-26-?1
M i~ê`fm Afgcqi ai yjg tfqygèäm ai qmqg` fctihyugcèg, m ücfdm dgjfcnm iug m am i~ê`fm# Rufjifum, m gtf`m cg Ijegf~gag ag Em`êvfg rgug, ij tihyfag, aif~gu m rgêt# Yj jmjicqm jyfqm afoêdf`, rufcdfrg`jicqi rmuwyi Rgy`m omf tm|fcnm, aif~gcam gwyf I`|g i mt of`nmt# 47
M qijrm cg Em`êvfg omf eij riwyicm# Rume`ijgt ai tgüai `fhgamt â g`qfqyai i rume`ijgt rm`êqfdmt dmj m hm`ri wyi airñt m ruitfaicqi Itqictmum qmucgugj rmydmt mt afgt cgwyi`i rgêt#
M Dnf`i Yjg cmvg rmuqg itqgvg ti geufcam m Dnf`i wyi, cgwyi`i jmjicqm, dmjijmugvg g vfqôufg ag tmdfg`*aijmdugdfg# Dmj g glyag ai gjfhmt, gjfhmt, Rgy`m dmctihyfy tyg fag rgug gwyi`i rgêt, mcai dnihmy ij cmvijeum ai 76?1# I`|g i mt of`nmt tô dnihgufgj jitit airmft# M Dnf`i rumrmudfmcmy g Rgy`m yj riuêmam jyfqm oæuqf` am rmcqm ai vftqg ag dmctm`fagèäm am tiy rictgjicqm# ‐Mt tgeiuit wyi omugj dufqfdgjicqi ti dmctqfqyfcam aitai m qijrm am TITF ti dmctm`fagugj cg i~riufìcdfg am Dnf`i i cgt uio`i~ùit oifqgt tmeui i`it# Gt `ifqyugt qgjeæj dmcqufeyêugj cm ticqfam ai moiuidiuij g i~r`fdgèäm my g dmcofujgèäm ag jfcng ruçqfdg#‚ M Dnf`i tfhcfofdmy rgug Rgy`m, dmjm rgug jyfqmt myqumt i~f`gamt eugtf`ifumt, g aitdmeiuqg ag Gjæufdg @gqfcg< ‐m Dnf`i cmt ictfcmy g Gjæufdg @gqfcg, umjriy dmj m cmttm rgumwyfg`ftjm# Gcqit ai`i, gricgt tmeuivmçvgjmt g uig`fagai `gqfcm*gjiufdgcg rmft cmttm rm`m ai gqugèäm iugj jgft mt Itqgamt Ycfamt i g Iyumrg# Itqi æ yj gtridqm oycagjicqg` wyi mevfgjicqi ji oi| duitdiu jyfqm, ji aiy dmcafèùit ai griuoifèmgu mt fctquyjicqmt ai dmjruiictäm i gcç`fti ag uig`fagai#‚ Omf qgjeæj cm Dnf`i wyi Rgy`m dmjièmy, ai ogqm, g dmcnidiu m tfhcfofdgam am i~ê`fm, i~riufìcdfg wyi vfviy ayugcqi 7? `mchmt gcmt i wyi, dmjm cäm rmaiufg aif~gu ai tiu, jgudmy* m rumoycagjicqi# Jyfqgt vi|it Rgy`m dmjicqmy tmeui itqg tyg i~ri* ufìcdfg< 45
Rgy`m Ouifui * Tgcqfghm * Dnf`i
‐M i~ê`fm jyag m i~f`gam# I, ij hiug`, g ruçqfdg am i~ê`fm gduitdicqg tyg ruôrufg i~ftqìcdfg# Cm jmjicqm ij wyi dnihg â qiuug ai ijruætqfjm, m i~f`gam hgcng yjg aftqåcdfg ai tiy dmcqi~qm mufhfcg`, agwyi`i riagèm ai jycam wyi i`i dmcnidiy# I `mhm dmjièg g vfviu ittg gjefhðfagai< ai yj `gam, itqç ticam aitgofgam rmu g`hm cmvm afgcqi ai`i; am myqum `gam, itqç gjguugam gm wyi i`i vfviy# Ittg aftqåcdfg wyi i`i qmjg am tiy rgêt æ, gm jitjm qijrm, yjg aftqåcdfg himhuçofdg i yjg aftqåcdfg cm qijrm# Itti æ yj amt uftdmt hugvit wyi m i~f`gam dmuui# M uftdm ai ti riuaiu cyj qijrm wyi i`i, ijmdfmcg`jicqi, fjmef`f|g#‚ Cm Dnf`i, Rgy`m qugeg`nmy dmj Lgdwyit Dnmcdnm`, m faig`f|gamu ag uiomujg ghuçufg cm FDFUG .Fctqfqyqm ai Dgrgdfqgèäm i Fcvitqfhgèäm ij Uiomujg Ghuçufg&# Rmydm jgft ai yj gcm grôt tyg dnihgag gm Fctqfqyqm, omf 44
rye`fdgam m Jgcyg` ai` Jæqmam Rtfdm*Tmdfg` rgug `g Icti÷gc|g ai Gay`qmt, yjg gagrqgèäm agt faæfgt i ag jiqmam`mhfg ai Ouifui rgug g g`ogeiqf|gèäm ij itrgcnm`#
Jgqiufg` ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm * Dnf`i
M gyqmu Rgy`m Ouifui G`æj amt qugeg`nmt cm Fctqfqyqm, mt gcmt rgttgamt cm Dnf`i omugj oæuqift cg rumayèäm itdufqg ai Rgy`m# @ç, uivftmy i rye`fdmy m `fvum Iaydgèäm dmjm Ruçqfdg ag @feiuagai , itduiviy mt guqfhmt wyi airmft omujgugj m ‐Gèäm dy`qyug` rgug g `feiuagai‚ g`æj ai itduiviu tiy `fvum jgft ogjmtm< Riaghmhfg am Mrufjfam # ‐Rgttif yj gcm aftdyqfcam g Riaghmhfg am Mrufjfam gcqit ai itduivì*`m# Qfcng gqæ m qêqy`m, jgt m `fvum jitjm cäm itqgvg itdufqm# Â jiafag wyi fg aiegqicam m qijg i gjr`fgcam jfcng dmjruiictäm ai`i, fg og|icam uihftqumt ij ofdngt wyi ji omugj oycagjicqgft cm jmjicqm ai itduiviu# Wygcam dmjidif g itduiviu, fg gqæ g jgauyhgag# Ij 79 afgt qfcng mt 4 rufjifumt dgrêqy`mt# 41
Ayugcqi qmam m qijrm ij wyi og`if ag Riaghmhfg am Mrufjfam g myqugt rittmgt i g I`|g, i`g tijrui omf yjg myvfcqi gqicdfmtg i duêqfdg i ti qmucmy jfcng rufjifug `ifqmug, wygcam dmjidif g ogti ai uiagèäm am qi~qm# Ai jgcnä, jyfqm diam, `fg gt rçhfcgt wyi iy itduiviug gqæ g jgauyhgag# Ât vi|it, cäm ti dmcqfcng# Ji gdmuagvg i, dmj nyjmu, ji af|fg< Itrium wyi itqi `fvum cäm cmt qmuci jgft vy`ciuçvift g cmvmt i~ê`fmt#‚ Airmft ai rumcqm, m `fvum omf icquihyi g yjg iafqmug cmuqi* gjiufdgcg wyi m iafqmy, ri`g rufjifug vi|, ij 7682# Dyufmtgjicqi, m `fvum, itdufqm ij rmuqyhyìt, omf rye`fdgam, fcfdfg`jicqi, ij fch`ìt# Nmli, Riaghmhfg am Mrufjfam æ meug d`çttfdg cg iaydgèäm i itqç qugay|fag ij jgft ai qufcqg fafmjgt#
49
Mt Itqgamt Ycfamt Gqugvæt ai dmcqgqmt oifqmt rmu Fvgc F``fdn, m fcdicqfvgamu ag aititdm`guf|gèäm, Rgy`m dmjièmy g jgcqiu ui`gèùit dmj huyrmt cmuqi*gjiufdgcmt wyi aiticvm`vfgj gqfvfagait iaydgqfvgt cgt çuigt ai rmry`gèäm cihug i rmuqm*ufwyicng# Itqit dmcqgqmt m `ivgugj gmt Itqgamt Ycfamt# ‐Dnihgu gmt Itqgamt Ycfamt omf yj tytqm# Dnihyif ij Cmvg Vmuk, gwyi`g dfagai tyefcam i gm jitjm qijrm ti itrugfgcam# Jfcng rufjifug tictgèäm omf ai ofdgu fcfefam# Qyam iug jyfqm hugcai i g fttm ti lycqgvg g jfcng fjrmttfef`fagai ai og`gu fch`ìt# M jiam ai riuaiu*ti itqg tijrui ruiticqi# @ijeuif*ji ai qiu myvfam airmfjicqmt ai gcg`ogeiqmt cm Dnf`i wyi ji uiqugqgugj yjg tfqygèäm rugqfdgjicqi fhyg` â jfcng, wygcam dnihyif g Cmvg Vmuk i airmft ij Rguft# Cittit airmfjicqmt mt dnf`icmt af|fgj wyi wygcam fgj g Tgcqfghm, jitjm og`gcam itrgcnm`, ofdgvgj riuafamt, dmj jiam ai rihgu ñcfeyt iuugam, ai tiu umyegam cyjg `mlg, jiam ai qyam# Qyam dmjm iy ticqfg#‚
Rgy`m aif~g m Dnf`i# Giumrmuqm ai Tgcqfghm dmj dm j g iwyfri am FDFUG 4?
‐Wygcam iy vm`qif gm Dnf`i, airmft ag rufjifug vfghij gmt Itqgamt Ycfamt, dmjidif g uidieiu dmcvfqit rgug vm`qgu `ç# Nmyvi yjg dmftg ichugègag, rmuwyi uidiem g dguqg ai Nguvgua, ji rumrmcam amft gcmt `ç i mfqm afgt airmft uidiem g ai Hicieug am Dmcti`nm Jycafg` ai Fhuilgt# Uitm`vijmt icqäm og|iu yjg dmcqug*rumrmtqg gmt amft# G Nguvgua rgug ofdgu gqæ ofct ai ?6 i gm Dmcti`nm rgug fu cm dmjièm ai 82# Mt amft gdifqgugj i omf emj rmuwyi iy wyiufg jyfqm qiu yjg i~riufìcdfg cmt Itqgamt Ycfamt#‚
M Dmcti`nm Jycafg` ai Fhuilgt ‐Ruioiuf fu rgug m Dmcti`nm, ij Hicieug, rmuwyi m rume`ijg ai tiu rumoittmu rgug jfj cäm ti dm`mdg# Iy ji gdnm rumoittmu jitjm cyjg itwyfcg ai uyg# Iy cäm ruidftm am dmcqi~qm ag ycfviutfagai rgug tiu yj iaydgamu# Cäm æ m qêqy`m wyi g ycfviutfagai vgf ji agu wyi ji fcqiuittg, jgt g rmttfef`fagai ai qugeg`nm# I cgwyi`g ærmdg iy tgefg wyi m Dmcti`nm fg ji agu g jguhij wyi g ycfviutfagai cäm ji agufg# Iy qijfg, gm aif~gu g Gjæufdg @gqfcg, riuaiu m dmcqgqm dmj g uig`fagai dmcduiqg i dmjiègu g ji jiqiu aicqum ai efe`fmqidg i g mriugu tmeui `fvumt, m wyi cäm ji tgqftogufg#‚ Ij 7682, g ogjê`fg Ouifui duy|my m Gq`åcqfdm rgug jmugu cg Tyêèg, tiai am Dmcti`nm# Ij afviutgt mrmuqycfagait, Rgy`m uig`èmy g fjrmuqåcdfg wyi g rgttghij ri`m Dmcti`nm Jycafg` ai Fhuilgt qivi cm aiticvm`vfjicqm am tiy rictgjicqm# M Dmcti`nm oi| dmj wyi ‐gcaguf`ngtti‚, dmjm hmtqgvg ai af|iu, ri`m jycam# Ayugcqi itqi riuêmam qivi dmcqgqm dmj g Çoufdg, dm`gemumy dmj g Cfdguçhyg, rguqfdfrmy ai tijfcçufmt i icdmcqumt dmj iaydgamuit, itqyagcqit i fcqi`idqygft cg Çtfg, ij qmag g Gjæufdg, dmj i~dièäm am Eugtf`, i dnihmy gqæ g aftqgcqi Mdigcfg# 48
G Çoufdg M dmcqgqm dmj g Çoufdg omf ai hugcai tfh* cfofdgèäm rgug Rgy`m# ‐Jiy rufjifum ic* dmcqum dmj g Çoufdg ti aiy dmj g Qgc|åcfg, ij 7687# Rgug jfj, omf jyfqm fjrmuqgcqi rftgu m dnäm goufdgcm i ticqfu*ji ci`i dmjm wyij vm`qgvg i cäm dmjm wyij dnihgvg# Wygcam aif~gvg m giumrmuqm ai Agu it Tg`ggc i gqugvittgvg g dfagai, i`g fg ti aitameugcam afgcqi ai jfj dmjm g`hm wyi uivfg# G dmu am dæy, m viuai*g|y` am jgu, gt jgchyifugt, mt dmwyifumt, mt dglyifumt, m riuoyji agt o`muit, gt egcgcgt, icqui i`gt g jfcng eij gjgag egcgcg*jgèä, m rif~i gm `ifqi ai dmdm, m hfchgu am dmurm agt hicqit gcagcam cgt uygt, qyam ftqm ji qmjmy i ji oi| riudieiu wyi iug jgft goufdgcm am wyi rictgvg#‚ Omugj jyfqmt mt ictfcgjicqmt cg qiuug Agu it Tg`ggc goufdgcg# 4>
Täm Qmjæ Qmjæ * 768? 768 ?
‐Yj ictfcgjicqm ogtdfcgcqi itqç `fhgam gm ytm am dmurm, qg` dmjm ti og| cg Çoufdg, eij dmjm â fjrmuqåcdfg ag `fchyghij, qmjgag dmjm i~ruittfvfagai qmqg` i cäm gricgt itqufqgjicqi `fchyêtqfdm# Tg`vm icqui mt fcqi`idqygft wyi ti aitgoufdgcf|gugj, g rg`gvug cäm æ gricgt rgug tiu myvfag, jgt qgjeæj rgug tiu vftqg, icvm`vfag cm hitqm cidittçufm# Æ gttfj wyi m goufdgcm og`g, vmdì vì g rg`gvug# Cyj qi~qm tmeui g Hyfcæ, aitduivm g uiycfäm dmj wyi mt dnioit ag g`aifg cmt uidieiugj â tmjeug ai yjg çuvmui# Mt aftdyutmt wyi of|iugj ti gdmjrgcngvgj am ytm am dmurm, icwygcqm aitduivfgj mt jgyt*qugqmt am dm`mcfg`ftjm# Yj ai`it fg rgug `ç i rgug dç, aicqum am dêudy`m ag tmjeug, dyuvgcam*ti i uidyuvgcam*ti, icdicgcam qyam m wyi af|fg# G `fchyghij cäm æ itqçqfdg, cg Çoufdg# Nç yjg fcqihugèäm icqui hitqm, rg`gvug i uig`fagai#‚ 46
G `yqg ri`m rgttgrmuqi
Y`qfjg Nmug oiv# oiv# ai 7686, Om`ng 57 ai ly`nm * Ouifui qiuç tiy rgttgrmuqi 12
G vm`qg Dmj gt wyitqùit mofdfgft uitm`vfagt, ij ghmtqm ai 86, g ogjê`fg Ouifui dnihgvg gm Eugtf`# ‐Qivi ‐Qivi rume`ijg rume`ijg dmj m hmviucm eugtf`ifum= eugtf`ifum= Riuhycqmy ai`fdgagjicqi m rm`fdfg` dmj m jiy rgttgrmuqi cg jäm# ‐Qicnm‚, uitrmcaf jgctm# Dmj yj uftm tfjrçqfdm myqum rm`fdfg` ti grum~fjmy dmj yj amt jiyt `fvumt# Icqicaf m tiy hitqm i gyqmhugoif# Gqugvittgjmt m dmcqum`i ai rgttgrmuqi# Qiujfcgvg, ai ogqm i ai afuifqm, yj i~ê`fm rgug m wyg` omug dmj 14 gcmt i am wyg` vm`qgvg dmj 9># _m`qgvg vfvfam, gjgayuidfam, aftrmtqm g uigruicaiu m Eugtf`# _m`qgvg lmvij, gritgu ag grguìcdfg, ag egueg eugcdg i ag itdgtti| amt dgei`mt#‚
Dnihgag ij _fugdmrmt * 7686 17
Gt gruicaf|ghict am i~ê`fm ‐Cmt 7? gcmt ai i~ê`fm, ij wyi vfvf gcaguf`ngcam ri`m jycam, jiy qijrm ti aitameumy ij jü`qfr`mt itrgèmt# I ayugcqi qmam itti qijrm iy qicqif tijrui dgjfcngu jyfqm dyufmtgjicqi i, gm jitjm qijrm, tiu ofi` ât jfcngt jgudgt ai eugtf`ifum# I g I`|g, jfcng jy`niu, itqivi tijrui lycqm dmjfhm citti gruicaf|gam#‚ ‐Iy ogèm afoiuicèg icqui tgyagai i cmtqg`hfg# Tgyagai æ i~gqgjicqi g og`qg ag ruiticèg# Tgyagai iug g og`qg ag jfcng uyg, g og`qg agt itwyfcgt eugtf`ifugt, iug g og`qg am dæy, ag dmu am dæy, ag dmu am dnäm, m dnäm wygcam dnmvi, m dnäm wygcam cäm dnmvi, ag rmifug wyi `ivgcqg cm Cmuaitqi wygcam g çhyg dgf ij dfjg ag guifg, ag çhyg jmucg am jgu### jgu### Iy cäm qfcng wyi uirufjfu ittg tgyagai# I jitjm rgug dufgu, iy ruidftgvg qiu ittg tgyagai dmjrmuqgag# Dmj fttm g hicqi gruicaiy yjg dmftg oycagjicqg`< lgjgft qugctomujgu g tgyagai cyjg icoiujfagai wyi cmt gdgegtti# Ticäm, côt qiuêgjmt cidittgufgjicqi ai dmjiègu g qiu ugfvg am `yhgu ij wyi g hicqi itqgvg, dmjm ti i`i omtti m dy`rgam ai itqgujmt `mchi am cmttm jifm# Rmu fttm cycdg qfvi ugfvg amt afviutmt `yhguit i dmjidif g wyiuiu eij g i`it qgjeæj#‚
Ai vm`qg â Ycfviutfagai Eugtf`ifug Cm Eugtf`, g ogjê`fg Ouifui rgttmy g jmugu ij Täm Rgy`m# Gfcag cg Iyumrg, Amj Rgy`m Ivguftqm Guct, dguaig` ai Täm Rgy`m, oi| g Rgy`m yj dmcvfqi rgug `idfmcgu cg Ycfviutfagai Dgqô`fdg# M dmcvfqi ti dmcduiqf|my rmydm qijrm grôt g vm`qg gm rgêt# Yj gcm airmft, Rgy`m qmucmy*ti qgjeæj rumoittmu ag YCFDGJR, g Ycfviutfagai Itqgayg` ai Dgjrfcgt#
G iaydgèäm rmry`gu Rgy`m i I`|g uiqmjgugj m dmcqgqm dmj mt huyrmt rmry`guit 15
ruimdyrgamt dmj m omuqg`idfjicqm am rmvm, cm uyjm ai yj rgêt jicmt aitfhyg`# Iugj huyrmt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai gay`qmt i ai dgqiwyiti, jmvfjicqmt ai jmugafg i ai tgüai, muhgcf|gèùit ai afuifqmt nyjgcmt, tfcafdgqmt ai rumoittmuit, ai wyêjfdmt i myqumt jgft# Jyfqmt aitqit qugeg`nmt omugj oifqmt gqugvæt am FAGD, Fctqfqyqm ai Gèäm Dy`qyug`, i airmft am _IUIAG, fctqfqyfèùit dufgagt rmu Rgy`m i I`|g dmj m meliqfvm ai gttittmugu ruçqfdgt iaydgqfvgt ui`gdfmcgagt â iaydgèäm rmry`gu# Emg rguqi aitqit qugeg`nmt itqfvi `fhgag ât gèùit agt Dmjycfagait ai Egti ag Fhuilg Dgqô`fdg# G`hyct jgqiufgft iaydgqfvmt omugj rumay|famt aicqum aitqi icomwyi# .g`hyct jgqiufgft&
G og`qg ai I`|g
76>1 14
Ij myqyeum ai >?, jmuuiy I`|g, dmjrgcnifug dmctqgcqi i fctrfugèäm ai Rgy`m# Omf yjg hugcai quftqi|g rgug qmamt wyi g dmcnidiugj i yjg riuag fjictg rgug Rgy`m# Mt gjfhmt qijiugj ri`g vfag ai Rgy`m Ouifui dmj g jmuqi ai I`|g# Qmamt mt wyi qitqijycngugj m dgufcnm i m uitrifqm jüqym wyi ngvfg icqui mt amft gduiafqgvgj wyi tiufg jyfqm afoêdf` rgug i`i tyriugu riuag qäm hugcai# Ruiticdfgugj qmag g amu wyi ti tihyfy# Jgt m gjmu â vfag, wyi tijrui omf yjg jgudg am iaydgamu, gdgemy qufycogcam# Airmft ai yj riuêmam ai hugcai rumtqugèäm, Rgy`m dmjièmy m wyi i`i dngjgvg ai riuêmam agt rufjifugt vi|it# G rufjifug vi| wyi `iy yj guqfhm airmft ag jmuqi ai I`|g, g rufjifug vi| wyi omf og|iu dmjrugt, wyi oi| yjg vftfqg, wyi aiy yjg gy`g, wyi itduiviy yj qi~qm### Icqui itqgt rufjifugt vi|it, nmyvi qgjeæj g rufjifug vi| wyi ti riudieiy dmjm dgrg| ai gjgu cmvgjicqi# Rmydm g rmydm m iaydgamu omf uicgtdicam rgug g vfag#
Cfqg Cg wyg`fagai ai rumoittmu ag RYD, Rgy`m iug m muficqgamu ai Gcg Jgufg Gugülm, tyg dmcnidfag aitai jicfcg, amt qijrmt ij wyi iug rumoittmu ai rmuqyhyìt cm dm`æhfm Mtxg`am Duy|# Gcg Jgufg iug, dmfcdfaicqijicqi, yjg agt of`ngt am afuiqmu ai itdm`g wyi, jyfqmt gcmt gcqit, ngvfg agam g Rgy`m g mrmuqycfagai ai dmcqfcygu tiyt itqyamt# Rgy`m hmtqgvg ai og`gu tmeui m jmjicqm ij wyi, myvfcam Cfqg aftdmuuiu tmeui g`hyj rmcqm ag tyg afttiuqgèäm, dmjièmy g vì*`g cäm jgft gricgt dmjm muficqgcag, jgt qgjeæj dmjm jy`niu### Aitqg aitdmeiuqg gm aitgeumdngu am gjmu icqui i`it, cäm ti rgttmy jyfqm qijrm# I mt gjfhmt ryaiugj gttftqfu gm uicgtdfjicqm ai Rgy`m i â aiafdgèäm ai Cfqg, cyjg ui`gèäm wyi riuayumy rmu ai| gcmt# 11
‐Cfqg æ of`ng ai yj nmjij i yjg jy`niu i~qugmuafcçufmt wyi aiugj g jfj, wygcam gam`itdicqi, g rmttfef`fagai ai itqyagu# Iy dmcnidf Cfqg wygcam dnihyif gm Dm`æhfm Mtxg`am Duy|, i`g qfcng 1 gcmt, airmft i`g omf jfcng g`ycg# Gcmt airmft, ti dgtmy dmj yj jmèm ai TR TR,, jyamy, vifm m hm`ri i iy oyf rgug m i~ê`fm# Cm uiqmucm am i~ê`fm, côt uiof|ijmt g cmttg dmcvfvìcdfg, dmcqfcygjmt g cmttg gjf|gai# G I`|g jmuui, Cfqg lç iug vfüvg, i iy icqum cyjg wygti jmuqi, tij gjgcnä# Iy iug muficqgamu ag afttiuqgèäm ai jitqugam ai Cfqg i ai uiricqi aitdyeum wyi i`g dmjièg g tiu rgug jfj yjg ruiticèg uivfqg`f|gamug# Iy aitdyeum wyi qfcng afgcqi ai jfj cäm g i~*jicfcg, g i~*g`ycg ag RYD, cäm g hugcai gjfhg, jgt yjg jy`niu cmvg i emcfqg wyi af|fg rgug jfj wyi iy itqgvg vfvm#‚ Ij ghmtqm ai 76>>, Rgy`m ti dgtmy dmj Gcg Jgufg Gugylm# ‐Iy cäm qfvi jiam, gmt ?? gcmt ai uiog|iu jfcng vfag# Cäm ji dgtif ai cmvm rgug tyetqfqyfu I`|g, cij rgug rum`mchgu I`|g# Dgtif*ji ai cmvm rgug dmcqfcygu vfvm i rmuwyi gjif ai cmvm#‚
Rgy`m Ouifui i Cfqg 19
G Tiduiqgufg Jycfdfrg` ag Iaydgèäm Ij myqyeum ai 76>>, @yf|g Iuycafcg, yjg rgugfegcg, am Rguqfam amt Qugeg`ngamuit, ti i`ihi ruioifqg ag jgfmu dfagai cmuaitqfcg am rgêt, Täm Rgy`m# Rgy`m omf itdm`nfam rgug Tiduiqçufm Jycfdfrg` ag Iaydgèäm# ‐Gdifqif m dmcvfqi wyi g Iuycafcg ji oi| rmuwyi iy cäm qfcng m afuifqm ai af|iu cäm airmft ai qmag g vfag wyi qfcng vfvfam, airmft agt aicücdfgt wyi of|, ai qiu itdufqm m wyi itduivf# Rgug af|iu cäm, qiufg wyi qfugu mt `fvumt wyi itduivf am rui`m i cäm itduiviu jgft# Iug yj ruièm jyfqm dgum# Iy ruidftgvg dmcqfcygu itduivicam i og`gcam#‚
Rmtti cg Tiduiqgufg Jycfdfrg` ai Täm Rgy`m * 76>6 76 >6 1?
M rumliqm rm`êqfdm*riaghôhfdm ai Ouifui grmfmy*ti cg dmctquyèäm ai yjg Itdm`g Rüe`fdg i Aijmduçqfdg, tyuhfcam agê mt wygqum meliqfvmt eytdgamt ij qmag g tyg hitqäm< 7* Aijmdugqf|gèäm ag Hitqäm ‑ Omuqg`idiu mt dm`ihfgamt icwygcqm oôuyct ai aidftäm# 5* Aijmdugqf|gèäm am Gdittm ‑ Gjr`fgu m gqicafjicqm â aijgcag# 4* Cmvg Wyg`fagai ai Ictfcm ‑ Hgugcqfu g Riujgcìcdfg am G`ycm cg Itdm`g# 1* Jmvfjicqm ai G`ogeiqf|gèäm ai Lmvict i Gay`qmt Riuhycqgam tmeui wygft gt jyagcègt jgft fjrmuqgcqit fcqumay|fagt cgt itdm`gt ag uiai jycfdfrg`, Rgy`m uitrmcaiy< ‐Gt jyagcègt jgft fjrmuqgcqit fcqumay|fagt cg itdm`g fcdfafugj tmeui g gyqmcmjfg ag itdm`g# .Omugj uitqgei`idfamt mt dmcti`nmt ai itdm`g i mt huìjfmt itqyagcqft&# M gvgcèm jgfmu gm cêvi` ag gyqmcmjfg ag itdm`g omf m ai riujfqfu cm tifm ag itdm`g g hitqgèäm ai rumliqmt riaghôhfdmt ruôrufmt wyi, dmj grmfm ag gajfcftqugèäm, ryaittij gdi`iugu g jyagcèg ag itdm`g#‚ M rumliqm ai omujgèäm riujgcicqi amt rumoittmuit, g ruçqfdg ag fcqiuaftdfr`fcgufagai, g uimuhgcf|gèäm dyuufdy`gu omugj quìt amt jyfqmt rumliqmt aiticvm`vfamt citqi riuêmam# Ij jgfm ai 7667, Rgy`m aif~my g Tiduiqgufg ag Iaydgèäm gcycdfgcam tiy rumliqm oyqyum# ‐Cäm itqmy aif~gcam g `yqg, jgt jyagcam, tfjr`itjicqi, ai ouicqi# G eufhg dmcqfcyg g jitjg# Mcai wyiu wyi itqilg, itqguif ji ijricngcam ij ogvmu ag itdm`g rüe`fdg, rmry`gu i aijmduçqfdg‚# ‐Gt rittmgt hmtqgj i qìj m afuifqm ai hmtqgu ai dmftgt afoiuicqit# Hmtqm ai itduiviu i ai `iu# Itduiviu i `iu og|ij rguqi, dmjm jmjicqmt fjrmuqgcqit, ag jfcng `yqg# Dm`mwyif itqi hmtqm g tiuvfèm ai yj diuqm aiticnm ai tmdfiagai, rgug dylg uig`f|gèäm 18
vicnm, dmj yj tij*cüjium ai dmjrgcnifumt i dmjrgcnifugt, rguqfdfrgcam cg jiafag agt jfcngt rmttfef`fagait# M oycagjicqg` citqi hmtqm ai wyi og`m æ tgeiu g ogvmu ai wyì i ai wyij i`i ti i~iudi# Jiy hmtqm ai `iu i ai itduiviu ti afufhi g yjg diuqg yqmrfg wyi icvm`vi yjg diuqg dgytg, yj diuqm qfrm ai hicqi cmttg# Æ yj hmtqm wyi qij g viu dmj g dufgèäm ai yjg tmdfiagai jicmt riuviutg, jicmt aftdufjfcgqôufg, jicmt ugdftqg, jicmt jgdnftqg wyi itqg# Rmu qyam fttm, itduiviu g duêqfdg, cäm jg`vgag, jgt `üdfag i dmuglmtg agt d`gttit amjfcgcqit dmcqfcyguç g tiu yjg agt jfcngt ouicqit ai eufhg#‚
Mt cmvmt `fvumt G rumjittg ai itduiviu omf dyjrufag ofi`jicqi# G rguqfu am jmjicqm ij wyi aif~my g tiduiqgufg, Rgy`m itduiviy< G iaydgèäm cg dfagai .7667&, Riaghmhfg ag itriugcèg .7665&, Rm`êqfdg i iaydgèäm .7664&, Rumoittmug tfj, qfg cäm .7664&, Dguqgt g Duftqfcg .7661&, Â tmjeug aitqg jgchyifug .7669& i, rmu ü`qfjm, Riaghmhfg ag gyqmcmjfg .7668&# Ij qmamt itqgt meugt, Rgy`m dmcqfcymy rictgamu i rmiqg, rumoæqfdm i itriugcèmtm# ‐Tij tiwyiu rmaiu cihgu g aititriugcèg dmjm g`hm dmcduiqm i tij aitdmcnidiu gt ug|ùit nftqôufdgt, idmcñjfdgt i tmdfgft wyi g i~r`fdgj, cäm icqicam g i~ftqìcdfg nyjgcg i g cidittçufg `yqg rgug og|ì*`g ji`nmu, tij itriugcèg i tij tmcnm# G itriugcèg æ cidittfagai mcqm`ôhfdg; g aititriugcèg, itriugcèg wyi, riuaicam m icaiuièm, ti qmucg aftqmuèäm ag cidittfagai mcqm`ôhfdg# Dmjm rumhugjg, g aititriugcèg cmt fjmef`f|g i cmt og| tydyjefu cm ogqg`ftjm mcai cäm æ rmttêvi` lycqgu gt omuègt fcaftrictçvift gm ijegqi uidufgamu am jycam# Cäm tmy 1>
itriugcèmtm rmu ryug qifjmtfg, jgt rmu fjriugqfvm i~ftqicdfg` i nftqôufdm#‚
G jmuqi Cm afg 5 ai jgfm ai 68, dnifm ai r`gcmt i dmcqgcam m qijrm rgug viu g vfugag am tædy`m, Rgy`m icdiuumy g tyg rgttghij rmu itqi jycam# Dmj itqi emcfqm qi~qm, Ouif Eiqm ti uioiufy gm gjfhm wyi rguqfg, tfcqiqf|gcam fjrmuqgcqit rmcqmt am tiy rictgjicqm< ‐Riaum vfy g yvg, ictfcgvgj mt jgcygft ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm# Jgt m rumoittmu Rgy`m Ouifui, dmj tiy jæqmam ai g`ogeiqf|gu dmctdficqf|gcam, oi| gay`qmt i dufgcègt, cm Eugtf` i cg Hyfcæ* Efttgy, cg Êcafg i cg Cfdguçhyg, aitdmeufuij wyi Riaum cäm vfy gricgt dmj mt m`nmt# _fy qgjeæj dmj g jicqi i ti riuhycqmy ti yvg æ cgqyui|g my dy`qyug# Riaum vfy wyi g ouyqg cäm uity`qg am qugeg`nm nyjgcm# Æ Dufgèäm, æ cgqyui|g# Rgy`m Ouifui ictfcmy g Riaum wyi tijigu yvg æ gèäm nyjgcg cg i tmeui g cgqyui|g# Æ g jäm, jy`qfoiuugjicqg, aitriuqgcam gt rmqicdfg`fagait am ouyqm# Gttfj dmjm m ruôrufm tiu nyjgcm omf tijigam ri`g cgqyui|g ij gcmt ai ivm`yèäm am Dmtjm# Dm`niu yjg yvg, itjghç*`g i qugctomujç*`g ij vfcnm æ dy`qyug, gttfcg`my Rgy`m Rgy`m Ouifui# M qugeg`nm nyjgcf|g nyjgcf|g i, gm uig`f|ç* `m, m nmjij i g jy`niu ti nyjgcf|gj# Qugeg`nm wyi fctqgyug m cô ai ui`gèùit, ui`gèùit, g vfag tmdfg`# Hugègt gm rumoittmu, wyi fcfdfmy tyg riaghmhfg uivm`ydfmcçufg dmj mt mriuçufmt ai TITF ai Riucgjeydm, Riaum vfy qgjeæj wyi g yvg æ dm`nfag rmu eôfgt*oufgt, wyi hgcngj rmydm, i dmjiudfg`f|gag rmu gqugvittgamuit wyi hgcngj ji`nmu# Riaum gruicaiy dmj Rgy`m wyi, jitjm tij gfcag tgeiu `iu, i`i cäm æ yjg rittmg fhcmugcqi# Gcqit ai gruicaiu gt `iqugt, Riaum tgefg iuhyiu yjg dgtg, qflm`m g qflm`m# M jæafdm, m gavmhgam 16
my m aicqftqg, dmj qmam tiy itqyam, cäm iugj dgrg|it ai dmctquyfu dmjm Riaum# Rgy`m Ouifui ictfcmy g Riaum wyi cäm i~ftqi cfchyæj jgft dy`qm am wyi m myqum, i~ftqij dy`qyugt rgug`i`gt, aftqfcqgt, wyi ti dmjr`ijicqgj cg vfag tmdfg`# Riaum vfy g yvg i Rgy`m Ouifui jmtqumy*`ni mt dgdnmt, g rguuifug, g r`gcqgèäm fcqifug# Ictfcmy g Riaum wyi g `ifqyug ai yj qi~qm æ qgcqm ji`nmu dmjruiicafag wygcqm jgft ti fctiui m qi~qm cm dmcqi~qm am gyqmu i am `ifqmu# Æ aittg ui`gèäm afg`ôhfdg icqui m qi~qm cm dmcqi~qm wyi Riaum i~qugf m ruiqi~qm ruiqi~qm rgug ghfu# ghfu# Cm fcêdfm i cm ofj am gruicaf|gam æ g ruç~ft ai Riaum wyi fjrmuqg# Ruç~ft*qimufg*ruç~ft, cyj rumdittm fcayqfvm wyi qmucg m iaydgcam tylifqm nftqôufdm# Riaum vfy g yvg i cäm vfy g gvi wyi, ai dfjg, ic~iuhg g rguuifug i cäm vì g yvg# M wyi Riaum vì æ afoiuicqi am wyi vì g gvi# Gttfj, Rgy`m Ouifui ictfcmy g Riaum yj rufcdêrfm oycagjicqg` ag irftqijm`mhfg< g dgeièg rictg mcai mt ræt rftgj# M jycam aitfhyg` rmai tiu `fam ri`g ôqfdg am mruittmu my ri`g ôqfdg am mrufjfam# Uity`qg yjg `ifqyug qäm afoiuicqi yjg ag myqug dmjm icqui g vftäm ai Rqm`mjiy, gm metiuvgu m tftqijg tm`gu dmj mt ræt cg qiuug, i g ai Dmræucfdm, gm fjghfcgu*ti dmj mt ræt cm Tm`# Ghmug Riaum vì g yvg, g rguuifug i qmagt gt ui`gèùit tmdfgft wyi og|ij am ouyqm oitqg cm dç`fdi ai vfcnm, jgt lç cäm vì Rgy`m Ouifui, wyi jiuhy`nmy cm Gjmu cg jgcnä ai 5 ai jgfm# Aif~g* cmt yjg meug fcitqfjçvi` ai dmjriqìcdfg i dmiuìcdfg# Rgy`m aiviufg itqgu ij Dyeg, mcai uidieiufg m qêqy`m ai amyqmu nmcmuft dgytg, ag Ycfviutfagai ai Ngvgcg# Gm ticqfu am`mufam tiy dmugèäm wyi qgcqm gjmy, riafy wyi iy omtti uiruiticqç*`m# Ai rgttghij jgudgag rgug Ftugi`, cäm ji omf rmttêvi` gqicaì*`m# Dmcqyam, gcqit ai ijegudgu oyf ui|gu ij qmucm ai tiy tije`gcqi qugcwíf`m< Rgy`m vfg Aiyt#‚
92
RGY@M OUIFUI< YJ RICTGJICQM CGTDFAM AG _FAG
97
95
T
äm jyfqgt gt jgudgt am rictgjicqm ai Rgy`m Ouifui# Yjg ai`gt æ tiu yj rictgjicqm wyi cgtdi ag ruçqfdg# Rgy`m cäm rictgvg gt faæfgt, jgt rictgvg g ruôrufg vfag# Gttfj, gt i~riufìcdfgt, tyuruitgt, g`ihufgt i quftqi|gt am afg*g*afg omugj gt omcqit am tiy rictgjicqm# Myqug jgudg am rictgjicqm ai Rgy`m itqç cg tyg ycfviutg`fagai# Cmuaitqfcm qêrfdm, Rgy`m icqicaiy g mruittäm ruiticqi cm jycam i rumrñt yjg iaydgèäm cg ôqfdg amt mrufjfamt, mcai wyiu wyi i`it itqilgj# Cm tiy ü`qfjm `fvum, i`i af|< ‐Ij qijrm g`hyj ryai tiu yj metiuvgamu „gdfc|icqgam‖ fjrgudfg`, m wyi, rmuæj, lgjgft ji gogtqmy ai yjg rmtfèäm ufhmumtgjicqi æqfdg# Wyij metiuvg m og| ai yj diuqm rmcqm ai vftqg, m wyi cäm tfqyg m metiuvgamu ij iuum# M iuum cg viuagai cäm æ qiu yj diuqm rmcqm ai vftqg, jgt getm`yqf|ç*`m i aitdmcnidiu wyi, jitjm am gdiuqm ai tiy rmcqm ai vftqg, æ rmttêvi` wyi g ug|äm æqfdg cij tijrui itqilg dmj i`i# M jiy rmcqm ai vftqg æ m amt „dmcaicgamt ag Qiuug‖, m amt i~d`yêamt# Agê g duêqfdg riujgcicqi ruiticqi ij jfj â jg`vgai| cim`feiug`, gm dfcftjm ai tyg faim`mhfg ogqg`ftqg i â tyg uidytg fco`i~êvi` gm tmcnm i â yqmrfg#‚ Jgcqicam yjg omuqi dmiuìcdfg dmj m wyi itduiviy i aftti, Rgy`m tijrui rictmy g iaydgèäm dmjm aidmuuìcdfg ai yjg oæ cm tfhcfofdgam i cm aitqfcm ag rittmg nyjgcg# 94
Gt egtit am rictgjicqm ai Rgy`m Ouifui M rictgjicqm ai Rgy`m cgtdi ai yjg vftäm ai tiu nyjgcm i ai jycam# Rgug i`i g rittmg aivi tiu vftqg dmjm<
Yj tiu ai ui`gèäm Cfchyæj itqç tô cm jycam# Dgag yj ai côt æ yj tiu cm jycam i dmj m jycam# ‐Rgug m Nmjij i g Jy`niu, m jycam æ yjg uig`fagai meliqfvg, fcairicaicqi ai`i, rmttêvi` ai tiu dmcnidfag, ij wyi cäm gricgt itqç, jgt dmj g wyg` ti aioumcqg# Agê, m tiu ai ui`gèùit wyi i`i æ, i cäm tô ai dmcqgqmt# Rmuwyi itqç dmj g uig`fagai, cg wyg` ti gdng, æ wyi ti ui`gdfmcg dmj i`g#‚ Afoiuicqijicqi amt gcfjgft, mt tiuit nyjgcmt uitrmcaij gmt aitgofmt am jycam ij wyi vfvij i ytgj itti jycam cgqyug`, lç i~ftqicqi, rgug dufgu i uidufgu m jycam ag dy`qyug# Aitqg omujg, jy`niuit i nmjict väm jyagcam m jycam rgug qmucç*`m jgft gaiwygam g tygt cidittfagait# Mt gcfjgft, dmjm gricgt itqäm cm jycam, cäm riudieij g uig`fagai dmjm aitgofgamug i jgcqìj dmj i`g yjg ui`gèäm ai myqum qfrm# Hyfgamt ri`m fctqfcqm, gricgt ti gagrqgj gm jycam ij wyi vfvij#
Yj tiu ij eytdg ai tyg ‐dmjr`iqyai‚ G gèäm amt tiuit nyjgcmt tmeui m jycam cäm tô jyag m jycam, jyag qgjeæj mt tylifqmt aitqg gèäm# Gm dmctquyfu m jycam, nmjict i jy`niuit ti dmjr`iqgj, ti nyjgcf|gj# ‐Cg viuagai, m fcgdgegjicqm am tiu nyjgcm my g tyg fcdmcd`ytäm æ ruôrufm ag i~riufìcdfg vfqg`# Mcai nç vfag, nç 91
fcgdgegjicqm# Jgt tô icqui mt nmjict i gt jy`niuit m fcgdgegjicqm ti qmucmy dmctdficqi#‚ ‐G dmctdfìcdfg ai tiu fcgdgegam aç ât rittmgt g rmttfef`fagai ai fuij g`æj ai`gt‚ i itqg æ yjg agt jgudgt amt tiuit nyjgcmt#
Yj tiu dgrg| ai qugctdicaiu G rguqfu ag dmctdfìcdfg wyi qìj ai tyg ofcfagai, mt tiuit nyjgcmt täm dgrg|it ai riudieiu m fcofcfqm# Gttfj, rmaij qugctdicaiu i `fhgu*ti gm Dufgamu# Cg vftäm ai Ouifui, m tiu nyjgcm æ qgjeæj yj tiu ui`fhfmtm, cm ticqfam ai wyi ti `fhg g tiy Dufgamu cyjg ui`gèäm `feiuqgamug# ‐G qugctdicaìcdfg am tiu nyjgcm itqç cg ugf| ag tyg ofcfqyai# Cg dmctdfìcdfg wyi qij aitqg ofcfqyai# Am tiu fcgdgegam wyi æ i dylg r`icfqyai ti gdng cg `fhgèäm dmj tiy Dufgamu# @fhgèäm wyi, ri`g ruôrufg ittìcdfg, lgjgft tiuç ai amjfcgèäm my ai amjitqfdgèäm, jgt tijrui ai `feiuqgèäm#‚
M tylifqm ag tyg nftqôufg Gm dmcquçufm am gcfjg`, m tiu nyjgcm rmai qufafjictfmcgu m qijrm, uidmcnidicam, aitqg omujg, m rgttgam, m ruiticqi i m oyqyum# ‐M nmjij i~ftqi cm qijrm# Itqç aicqum# Itqç omug# Niuag# Fcdmurmug# Jmafofdg# Rmuwyi cäm itqç ruitm g yj qijrm uiay|fam g yj nmli riujgcicqi#‚ ‐Gm riudieiu m mcqij, m nmli i m gjgcnä, m tiu nyjgcm riudiei g dmctiwðìcdfg ag tyg gèäm tmeui m jycam, cgt afoiuicqit ærmdgt nftqôufdgt# Ti qmucg m tylifqm ag tyg nftqôufg i rmu fttm uitrmctçvi` rmu i`g# Og| nmli m wyi ti qmucmy rmttêvi` ri`m mcqij# Oguç gjgcnä m wyi itqç tijigcam nmli#‚ 99
Nyjgcf|gèäm i aityjgcf|gèäm G vmdgèäm ai tiu jgft, ftqm æ, tiu jgft nyjgcm, dmjyj g qmamt nmjict i jy`niuit, ti uig`f|g ri`g Iaydgèäm# Jgt itqg vmdgèäm ai tiu jgft aif~g ai dmcduiqf|gu*ti wygcam gt ui`gèùit icqui mt nmjict ti aityjgcf|gj# Ftqm ti aiy nftqmufdgjicqi, wygcam mt wyi aiqfcngj m rmaiu rgttgugj g geytgu ai`i i meqiu rufvf`æhfmt rgug tf i rgug tiyt fhygft, ij ruilyê|m amt myqumt# G rguqfu agê, itqgt ui`gèùit aif~gugj ai tiu ai dmmriugèäm rgug qmucg*ti ui`gèùit ai amjfcgèäm# Ci`gt, mt rmaiumtmt lç cäm vfgj mt myqumt dmjm tiyt fhygft, jgt dmjm meliqmt cidittçufmt rgug g tgqftogèäm ai tiyt fcqiuittit# Qmucgugj*ti mruittmuit ag jgfmufg fjrmcam*`ni tgdufoêdfmt i uitqufèùit rgug gyjicqgu tiyt ruôrufmt rufvf`æhfmt# Hugagqfvgjicqi, itqgt ui`gèùit mruittmugt omugj ti fctqfqydfmcg`f|gcam ai qg` jgcifug wyi rgttgugj g tiu dmctfaiugagt cgqyugft# Grguidiy yjg ‐Muaij‚ wyi `ihfqfjg itqg tfqygèäm ai mruittäm i uighi dmcqug qmamt wyi gjigèguij mt rufvf`æhfmt rgug uitqgyugu g nyjgcfagai ai qmamt# G m t mrufjfamt uitqmy dmcomujgu*ti dmj g tfqygèäm i gagrqgu*ti g i`g# Cgtdiy g iaydgèäm amjitqfdgamug, aitqfcgag g dmcqufeyfu rgug riuriqygu itqg muaij fclytqg i aityjgcf|gcqi, ogvmuçvi` g jfcmufgt, iaydgèäm wyi aif~my ai tiu fctquyjicqm rgug tiu jgft rgug qmucgu*ti ghicqi ai tiu jicmt# Jgft am wyi ftqm, mt mrufjfamt rgttgugj g fcqumliqgu itqg muaij fclytqg, dmjm ti omtti cgqyug`, i g dmctfaiugu mt mruittmuit dmjm jmai`mt eij tydiafamt ai tiuit nyjgcmt# Jmai`mt wyi rumdyuguäm fjfqgu tijrui wyi qfviuij rmaiu rgug ftqm# Dgag mrufjfam rgttmy g qug|iu ij tf g tijicqi am mruittmu, omuqg`idicam g itquyqyug tmdfg` vfhicqi, fclytqg i dgtqugamug# Itqg itquyqyug tmdfg` ai amjfcgèäm aityjgcf|my mt mrufjfamt, rmft mt qugctomujmy ij meliqmt cihgcam*`nit g dmcafèäm ai tylifqmt wyi `nit æ ruôrufg# Jgt qgjeæj aityjgcf|my mt mruittmuit, lç wyi cäm æ ruôrufm amt tiuit nyjgcmt qugqgu dmjm dmftgt my meliqmt myqumt tiuit nyjgcmt# 9?
Qmagvfg, tô mt mrufjfamt rmaiuäm umjriu itqg itquyqyug wyi aityjgcf|g mruittmuit i mrufjfamt# Tô i`it rmaiuäm gdgegu dmj itqg muaij fclytqg eytdgcam umjriu g mruittäm i uidmcwyftqgcam g tyg `feiuagai ai tiu jgft# Mt mruittmuit cäm qìj itqi rmaiu, yjg vi| wyi fjr`fdgufg cg uicücdfg ai rufvf`æhfmt wyi dmctfaiugj lytqmt i cidittçufmt â tyg uig`f|gèäm rittmg` i ai d`gtti#
Dnuft Nma|f * Jgqiufg` rgug omujgèäm ai iaydgamuit iay dgamuit dmjycfqçufmt * \fjegexi * Çoufdg 98
M ticqfam ag iaydgèäm Rgug Rgy`m Ouifui g Iaydgèäm aidmuui am ogqm ai gt rittmgt tiuij fcdmjr`iqgt i itqguij ij ui`gèäm dmj m jycam i dmj gt myqugt rittmgt# Täm fcdmjr`iqgt aitai wyi cgtdij, wygcam æ jgft oçdf` riudieiu ftqm# Cäm og`gj, cäm gcagj, cäm uidmcnidij gt rittmgt i täm qmqg`jicqi airicaicqit### Hugagqfvgjicqi itqgt ‐fcdmjr`iqyait‚ väm ticam tyriugagt# Jgt gfcag gttfj, mt tiuit nyjgcmt cäm ofdguäm qmqg`jicqi dmjr`iqmt cg fcoåcdfg, lyvicqyai, jgqyufagai my vi`nfdi# Rgttgj g vfag qmag jmafofdgcam*ti cg eytdg ai dmjr`iqgu*ti dmjm rittmgt, uig`f|gcam, dmjm af| Rgy`m Ouifui, g tyg vmdgèäm ai ‐tiu ‐tiu jgft‚ jgft‚ nyjgcm# Uidmcnidij, rmuæj, wyi itqg vmdgèäm ai ‐tiu jgft‚ cäm i~d`yf g rmttfef`fagai ai ‐tiu jicmt‚, aidmuuicqi ag `feiuagai wyi gt rittmgt qìj ai mrqgu rmu vg`muit, nçefqmt, gqfqyait i dmjrmuqgjicqmt aityjgcf|gcqit# Itqi rumdittm ri`m wyg` gt rittmgt väm ti dmjr`iqgcam ayugcqi qmag g vfag cg eytdg ai tiuij jgft æ m wyi dmctqfqyf rgug Rgy`m g Iaydgèäm#
Dnuft Nma|f * \fjegexi 9>
Æ fcqiuittgcqi metiuvgu wyi, rgug i`i, itqi rumdittm mdmuui cgt ui`gèùit wyi mt tiuit nyjgcmt jgcqìj icqui tf i dmj m jycam# Ui`gèäm wyi ti afoiuicdfg am tfjr`it dmcqgqm, wyi æ ruôrufm amt myqumt tiuit vfvmt, rmu tiu dmctdficqi i fjr`fdgu ij jüqyg qugctomujgèäm# M dmcqgqm æ rgttfvm icwygcqm g ui`gèäm æ gqfvg# Æ cg ui`gèäm wyi jgcqìj icqui tf i dmj m jycam wyi mt tiuit nyjgcmt, tij aif~gu ai tiu tylifqmt, väm ti dmjr`iqgcam i glyagcam mt myqumt g ti dmjr`iqguij# Fhyg`jicqi cg ui`gèäm dmj m jycam i`it ti dmjr`iqgj i dmcqufeyij dmcqufeyij rgug qugctomujgu m jycam# Æ dæ`ieui g ougti ai Rgy`m wyi gofujg< ‐Cfchyæj iaydg cfchyæj, jgt cfchyæj ti iaydg tm|fcnm‚#
G iaydgèäm æ yj gqm ai dmcnidfjicqm Rgy`m Ouifui dmtqyjgvg af|iu wyi g iaydgèäm cgag jgft æ am wyi yjg Qimufg am Dmcnidfjicqm rmtqg ij ruçqfdg# Dmj ftqm i`i aitqgdgvg cäm tô g fjrmuqåcdfg am dmcnidfjicqm cg iaydgèäm, dmjm tg`ficqgvg wyi g vftäm ai dmcnidfjicqm wyi m iaydgamu qij uiriudyqi afuiqgjicqi cg tyg ruçqfdg riaghôhfdg#
Gjf`qmc Tgcqgcg * Rgug `iu i itduiviu * GLG Egnfg 96
Cg vftäm ai Rgy`m Ouifui, m Dmcnidfjicqm æ rumayqm agt ui`gèùit amt tiuit nyjgcmt icqui tf i dmj m jycam# Citqgt ui`gèùit, nmjict i jy`niuit täm aitgofgamt g icdmcqugu tm`yèùit rgug tfqygèùit rgug gt wygft æ ruidftm agu uitrmtqgt gaiwygagt# Rgug ftqm, ruidftgj uidmcnidiu g tfqygèäm, dmjruiicaì*`g, fjghfcgu omujgt g`qiucgqfvgt ai uitrmcaiu i ti`idfmcgu g uitrmtqg jgft gaiwygag# G dgag uitrmtqg, cmvgt tfqygèùit ti gruiticqgj i myqumt aitgofmt väm ti tydiaicam# Itqgt uitrmtqgt i tygt dmctiwyìcdfgt uiruiticqgj i~riufìcdfg gawyfufag i dmctqfqyij m dmcnidfjicqm agt rittmgt# Täm uihftqugagt cg jijôufg jijôufg i glyaguäm g dmctquyfu cmvgt uitrmtqgt# Rmu fttm, Rgy`m Ouifui, ijemug uidmcniditti g fjrmuqåcdfg ag jijôufg, gofujgvg wyi g tfjr`it jijmuf|gèäm, aitvfcdy`gag aitqi itomuèm ai dmjruiicaiu, fjghfcgu uitrmtqgt i ti`idfmcgu g jgft gaiwygag, cäm æ Dmcnidfjicqm#
Iaydgèäm egcdçufg * Dnuft Nma|f * \fjegexi ?2
Rmuqgcqm gt rittmgt täm tylifqmt i cäm meliqmt citqi rumdittm# I`gt uig`f|guäm itqi itomuèm ai gruicaf|ghij rgug dmctquyfu m tiy tgeiu, itqfjy`gagt rmu myqumt, jgt ai gdmuam dmj m wyi lç tgeij, rmuwyi m dmcnidfjicqm æ tmdfg`# Dmcnidiu, rmuæj, æ yjg gvicqyug rittmg`, fjrmttêvi` ai tiu qugctoiufag ai yjg rittmg rgug myqug# Citqg dmcdirèäm, m Dmcnidfjicqm cgtdi ag gèäm# Æ ghfcam wyi nmjict i jy`niuit ti dmcoumcqgj dmj g cidittfagai ai gruicaiu i dmctqumij Dmcnidfjicqm# Rmuqgcqm, ticam ruôrufm amt tiuit nyjgcmt ghfu cm jycam, qmagt gt rittmgt qìj Dmcnidfjicqmt# Cfchyæj æ vg|fm ai`i# Ijemug tilg viuagai wyi gt rittmgt cäm dmcnidij ai jmam fhyg` i wyi ftqm gt qmucg afoiuicqit yjgt agt myqugt, itqg afoiuicèg cäm lytqfofdg cicnyjg tyriufmufagai, lç wyi tijrui tiuç rmttêvi` dmcnidiu jgft i ji`nmu wyg`wyiu meliqm am Dmcnidfjicqm#
G iaydgèäm æ tijrui rm`êqfdg Rgy`m Ouifui omf, rumvgvi`jicqi, m rufjifum iaydgamu g rumd`gjgu wyi cäm i~ftqi iaydgèäm wyi tilg rm`fqfdgjicqi ciyqug# Ij myqugt rg`gvugt, wyi cyjg tmdfiagai ij wyi dmcvfvij tihjicqmt ag rmry`gèäm dmj fcqiuittit mrmtqmt i dmcqugafqôufmt, æ fjrmttêvi` g i~ftqìcdfg ai yjg ücfdg iaydgèäm wyi tfuvg, ag jitjg jgcifug, g qmamt itqit huyrmt tmdfgft# I`g itqguç tijrui g ogvmu ai g`hyæj i, rmu dmctiwðìcdfg, dmcqug g`hyæj# Cyjg tmdfiagai ai d`gttit cäm æ rmttêvi` yj qfrm ai iaydgèäm wyi tilg g ogvmu ai qmamt# Yj i~ijr`m jyfqm dfqgam rmu Rgy`m æ wyi g iaydgèäm rmai dmcqufeyfu rgug wyi gt rittmgt ti gdmjmaij gm jycam ij wyi vfvij my ti icvm`vgj cg qugctomujgèäm ai`i# Æ fjrmttêvi` fjghfcgu*ti yjg iaydgèäm wyi dmcqufeyg rgug wyi gt rittmgt ti gdmjmaij i, gm jitjm qijrm, eytwyij qugct* omujgèùit# G iaydgèäm my tiuç dmctiuvgamug my qugctomujgamug# ?7
`feiuqgèäm
amjitqfdgèäm
Dnuft Nma|f * \fjegexi
Gm tiu qugctomujgamug, itqguç dmcqug mt huyrmt wyi ti eiciofdfgj dmj g tfqygèäm i g ogvmu amt wyi täm ruilyafdgamt rmu i`g# Gm tiu dmctiuvgamug, itqguç g ogvmu amt huyrmt eiciofdfgamt i dmcqug mt ruilyafdgamt# Itqg dmctqgqgèäm ag rm`fqfdfagai ag iaydgèäm qug| rgug m iaydgamu g cidittfagai ai riuhycqgu*ti g wyij itqç tiuvfcam dmj g iaydgèäm wyi rugqfdg# G cihgèäm ai tiuvfu g g`hyj huyrm, ftqm æ, g duicèg cg ciyqug`fagai, æ yjg gqfqyai dmctiuvgamug wyi tiuvi mt wyi ti eiciofdfgj ag tfqygèäm# Jgt, gm gofujgu wyi qmag iaydgèäm æ rm`êqfdg, Rgy`m Ouifui og|fg getm`yqg wyitqäm ai af|iu wyi i`g cäm æ rguqfaçufg# Rguqfamt rm`êqfdmt täm muhgcf|gèùit qugctfqôufgt dmj rumrmtqgt rguqfdy`guit rgug tm`yèäm ai rume`ijgt itridêofdmt# Rguqfamt afoiuicqit rumrùij omujgt afoiuicqit ai qugctomujgu my dmctiuvgu mt rufvf`æhfmt cg tmdfiagai# Uiay|fu g iaydgèäm gmt `fjfqit rguqfaçufmt tiufg ijrmeuidì*`g, cäm gqicaicam gm meliqfvm ai ‐tiu jgft‚ wyi mt tiuit nyjgcmt eytdgj gm ti iaydguij# Cgtdicam ai vftùit gcqghñcfdgt, g iaydgèäm amjitqfdgamug i g iaydgèäm `feiuqgamug qìj tygt ruôrufgt jiqmam`mhfgt# ?5
Iaydgèäm î
G èäm dm c om uj f t q g my amjitqfdgamug
î
î
G è äm d y ` qy ug` my `f e iu qg a m ug
î
Jiqmam`mhfg Wyij iaydgu= Iaydgc dgcamt vftqm ftqmtt dmjm Iaydgcamt gqfv fvmmt ritt rittmg mgtt ftm ftm`g `gag agtt i dmjm dmjm dmct dmctqu quyq yqmu muit it am am tiy tiy ‐uidfricqit g tiuij meliqm ai dmcnidfjicqm icdnfamt‚ Rgug wyi iaydgu=
Gagrqgu m fcafvêaym gm tftqijg vfhicqi< g Rittmg ti tyejiqi g Nftqôufg M wyi wyi ictf ictfcg cgu= u= Tf Tftq tqij ijgg ai dmcn dmcnid idfj fjic ic** qmt lç muhgcf|gam< ‐rgdmqit rumcqmt‚
Aiticvm`viu g rittmg duêqfdg ij ui`gèäm gm tftqijg vfhicqi< g Rittmg og| g Nftqôufg Tftq Tf tqij ijgg ai dmcn dmcnid idfj fjic ic** qmt rmu dmctquyfu i muhgcf|gu< ‐tme jiafag‚
Dmjm ictfcgu= Rmu yjg qugctoiuìcdfg ai dmcnidfjicqmt Uidyutmt< ui uiriqfèäm i jijmuf|gèäm
Ri`g aitdmeiuqg aitdmeiuqg amt dmcnidfjicqmt i ai tygt oycèùit Uidyutmt< metiuvgèäm, gcç`fti, têcqiti
Aftdyttfmc tyu F (G`rngoiqftgqfmc .7681& * Fugc
G iaydgèäm ti og| gqugvæt am afç`mhm Qicam cgtdfam cyjg tmdfiagai omuqijicqi jgudgag ri`m gyqmufqguftjm, Rgy`m ti qmucmy, aitai m dmjièm ai tyg vfag ai iaydgamu, yj duêqfdm viijicqi aitqg gqfqyai wyi fjriai wyi gt rittmgt g i`g tyejiqfagt ti gttyjgj dmjm tylifqm ag tyg nftqôufg# Rgy`m, qgjeæj, riudiefg m wygcqm m jmai`m gyqmufqçufm ?4
afofdy`qgvg g rumayèäm am dmcnidfjicqm, ticam, rmuqgcqm, yj ijridf`nm rgug m rumdittm iaydgqfvm# ‐G iaydgèäm gyqìcqfdg cäm ti og| ai G rgug E tmeui G, jgt ai G dmj E, jiafgqf|gamt ri`m jycam# Jycam wyi fjruittfmcg i aitgofg g yct i g myqumt, mufhfcgcam vftùit my rmcqmt ai vftqg tmeui i`i#‚
G Iaydgamu î
Iaydgcam
E Dnuft Nma|f * \fjegexi ?1
G Iaydgamu
î
î
E Iaydgcam
Cg vftäm ai Rgy`m, m afç`mhm jgft wyi yj fctquyjicqm am iaydgamu æ yjg i~fhìcdfg ag cgqyui|g nyjgcg# Gttfj ticam, ‐m rgri` am iaydgamu cäm æ rumrufgjicqi og`gu gm iaydgcam, tmeui tyg vftäm ai jycam my `ni fjrmu itqg vftäm, jgt afg`mhgu dmj i`i tmeui g tyg vftäm i g ai`i# Tyg qguiog cäm æ og`gu, afttiuqgu, jgt rume`ijgqf|gu g uig`fagai dmcduiqg am iaydgcam, rume`ijgqf|gcam*ti gm jitjm qijrm‚# Jyfqgt vi|it, g aioitg am afç`mhm oifqg rmu Rgy`m omf fcqiuruiqgag dmjm yj og`gu rmu og`gu, tij aitgofm rgug g dmctquyèäm ai cmvmt dmcnidfjicqmt# Myqugt vi|it, itqg aioitg am afç`mhm aiy mufhij â faæfg ai wyi m iaydgamu aijmduçqfdm cäm rmai ti vg`iu ai yjg i~rmtfèäm cguugqfvg# M ruôrufm Rgy`m uitrmcaiy g itqg og`tg dmjruiictäm< ‐Rmai ngviu afç`mhm cg i~rmtfèäm duêqfdg, jiqôafdg, ai yj iaydgamu g wyij mt iaydgcamt gttftqij cäm dmjm wyij „dmji‖ g og`g, jgt dmjm wyij gruicai tyg fcqi`idèäm# Æ wyi nç yj afç`mhm fcvftêvi`, ij wyi cäm cidittfqm ai fcvicqgu riuhycqgt my ogeufdgu uitrmtqgt# Mt iaydgamuit aijmduçqfdmt cäm itqäm — täm afg`ôhfdmt# Jgt m afç`mhm rumrmtqm rmu Rgy`m æ i~fhicqi, qij tygt dmcafèùit< * M gjmu gm jycam i ât rittmgt ‐Ticam oycagjicqm am afç`mhm, m gjmu æ, qgjeæj, afç`mhm# Ti cäm gjm m jycam, ti cäm gjm g vfag, ti cäm gjm gt rittmgt, cäm ji æ rmttêvi` m afç`mhm#‚ * G nyjf`agai ‐M afç`mhm, dmjm icdmcqum agt rittmgt rgug g qguiog dmjyj ai tgeiu ghfu, ti umjri ti tiyt rô`mt .my yj ai`it& riuaij g nyjf`agai# Dmjm rmttm afg`mhgu, ti ji oidnm â dmcqufeyfèäm amt myqumt, wyi lgjgft uidmcnièm, i gqæ ji tfcqm moicafam dmj i`g=‚ * G oæ cgt rittmgt ‐G oæ cmt tiuit nyjgcmt æ yj agam g rufmuf am afç`mhm# M Nmjij afg`ôhfdm qij oæ cgt myqugt rittmgt gcqit ai icdmcqugu* ?9
ti ouicqi g ouicqi dmj i`gt# Tij itqg oæ m afç`mhm æ yjg ogutg# Qugctomujg*ti, cg ji`nmu agt nfrôqitit, ij jgcfry`gèäm rgqiucg`ftqg#‚ * G itriugcèg ‐ G itriugcèg itqç cg ruôrufg ittìcdfg ag fjriuoifèäm amt Nmjict, `ivgcam*mt g yjg iqiucg iqiucg eytdg# Yjg qg` qg` eytdg cäm ti og| cm ftm`gjicqm, jgt cg dmjycfdgèäm icqui mt Nmjict# Ti m afç`mhm æ m icdmcqum agt rittmgt rgug tiu jgft, cäm rmai og|iu*ti og|iu*ti cg aititriugcèg# aititriugcèg# Ti mt tylifqmt am afç`mhm cgag itriugj am tiy wyiog|iu, lç cäm rmai ngviu afç`mhm#‚ * Yj rictgu viuagaifum ‐ Cäm nç m afç`mhm viuagaifum ti cäm nç cmt tylifqmt yj rictgu viuagaifum# Rictgu duêqfdm# Rictgu wyi, cäm gdifqgcam g afdmqmjfg jycam - Nmjij, uidmcnidi icqui i`it yjg fcwyieugcqçvi` tm`fagufiagai# Æ yj rictgu wyi riudiei g uig`fagai dmjm rumdittm wyi ti dgrqg ij dmctqgcqi aivicfu i cäm dmjm g`hm itqçqfdm# Rgug m rictgu fchìcym, m fjrmuqgcqi æ g gdmjmagèäm g itqi nmli cmujg`f|gam# Rgug m duêqfdm, g qugctomujgèäm riujgcicqi ag uig`fagai, rgug g riujgcicqi nyjgcf|gèäm amt Nmjict# Tmjicqi m afç`mhm, wyi fjr`fdg yj rictgu duêqfdm, æ dgrg|, qgjeæj, ai hiuç*`m#‚
M rgri` am iaydgamu Og`gcam i itduivicam ouiwðicqijicqi rgug iaydgamugt i iaydgamuit, Rgy`m, rmu jyfqgt vi|it, ti uioiufy gm wyi ti itriug am iaydgamu# Ij 76>?, og|icam m ruioçdfm ai yj `fvum ai Fug Tnmu, yj iaydgamu cmuqi gjiufdgcm i tiy hugcai gjfhm, Rgy`m grmcqmy gtridqmt am rgri` am iaydgamu, rmcqmt wyi vfg dmjm ai hugcai fjrmuqåcdfg rgug wyi g ruçqfdg iaydgqfvg dmcqufeyêtti rgug m rumdittm ai `feiuqgèäm# ??
Citqg mdgtfäm itduiviy< ‐Qicam g iaydgèäm yjg cgqyui|g tmdfg`, nftqôufdg i rm`êqfdg, cäm rmaijmt og`gu ai yj rgri` ycfviutg`, fjyqçvi`, am rumoittmu# Egtqg rictgujmt yj rmydm tmeui m wyi qij tfam itriugam am rumoittmu ij afoiuicqit qijrmt i itrgèmt rgug riudieiu tij afofdy`agai g gofujgèäm oifqg#‚
?8
Mrèäm i dmiuìcdfg ‐G rm`fqfdfagai ag iaydgèäm i~fhi am iaydgamu, ai yj `gam, wyi i`ilg g tiuvfèm ai wyij wyiu itqgu, ai myqum, wyi afjfcyg g aftqåcdfg icqui g i~ruittäm viueg` ai tyg mrèäm i tyg ruçqfdg# Æ yjg dmcqugafèäm rumd`gjgu yjg mrèäm rumhuittftqg i qiu yjg ruçqfdg gyqmufqçufg my itrmcqgciftqg# G mrèäm rumhuittftqg aijgcag yjg ruçqfdg aijmduçqfdg, ij wyi g gyqmufagai lgjgft ti g`mchg ij gyqmufqguftjm, jgt wyi, rmu tyg vi|, lgjgft ti gjmofcg cm d`fjg fuuitrmctçvi` ag `fdicdfmtfagai# Yj rgri` fhyg` rgug qmamt mt rumoittmuit tô rmai tiu gdifqm rmu wyij, fchìcyg my gtqyqgjicqi, gofujg g ciyqug`fagai ag iaydgèäm, dmcdieicam g itdm`g dmjm yjg itrædfi ai rguìcqiti fjyci ât wyitqùit `fhgagt ât d`gttit tmdfgft, gm ti~m i â ugèg# M wyi ji rguidi fjrmttêvi` æ gdifqgu wyi yj rumoittmu ai nftqôufg, ugdftqg, uigdfmcçufm, qicng m jitjm aitijricnm ai yj myqum, aijmduçqfdm# Agê g cidittfagai wyi qij m rumoittmu ai, dmctqgqgcam g rm`fqfdfagai ai tyg ruçqfdg, gttyjf*`g, ij `yhgu ai cihç*`g#‚
Dmjriqìcdfg dficqêofdg ‐Nç yjg afjictäm, ai wyi rguqfdfrg qmam rumoittmu, wyi af| uitrifqm g tiy rgri`, fcairicaicqijicqi ai tyg mrèäm rm`êqfdg# Yj og|iu dmjyj gm rumoittmu rumhuittftqg i gm rumoittmu uigdfmcçufm# Itqi og|iu æ m gqm ai ictfcgu m wyi qij ai tiu ictfcgam# Jgt, ti mt amft ti faicqfofdgj cg meufhgèäm ai ictfcgu, mt amft ti aftqfchyij wygcqm â dmjruiictäm ai ictfcgu i ti tirgugj, ti dmiuicqit dmctfhm jitjmt, cg ruçqfdg ai ictfcgu# G dmjriqìcdfg dficqêofdg cidittçufg, fcaftrictçvi` gm gqm ai ictfcgu, lgjgft æ icqicafag ri`m rumoittmu rumhuittftqg dmjm g`hm ciyqum# Qijmt ai cmt fcaghgu g ogvmu ai wyij i ai wyi ti gdng cmttg dmjriqìcdfg dficqêofdg i qædcfdg# ?>
Ti m rumoittmu rumhuittftqg, gm dmcquçufm am uigdfmcçufm, aivi itomuègu*ti rmu „aitmrgdftgu‖ g uig`fagai i „aitjfmrftgu‖ mt g`ycmt, i`i cäm rmai, lgjgft, aif~gu ai `gam m ictfcm am dmcqiüam ij ogvmu gricgt ag rm`fqf|gèäm amt g`ycmt# Am rmcqm ai vftqg am rumoittmu rumhuittftqg, cij g dmjruiictäm jçhfdg am dmcqiüam tihycam g wyg`, ij tf jitjm, i`i æ `feiuqgamu, cij qgjrmydm m aitdgtm rmu i`i dmjm ti g d`gufagai rm`êqfdg qugeg`ngtti tm|fcng# G d`gufagai rm`êqfdg æ cidittçufg, fcaftrictçvi` jitjm, jgt cäm æ tyofdficqi#‚
Ictfcgu i gruicaiu ‐Ictfcgu, cyjg riutridqfvg rumhuittftqg, cäm æ g tfjr`it qugctjfttäm am dmcnidfjicqm ij qmucm am dmcqiüam, qugctjfttäm wyi ti og| jyfqm jgft gqugvæt ag aitdufèäm am dmcdifqm am meliqm g tiu jidgcfdgjicqi jijmuf|gag ri`mt g`ycmt# Ictfcgu, am rmcqm ai vftqg rumhuittftqg, cäm rmai uiay|fu* ti g yj ryum ictfcgu mt g`ycmt g gruicaiu gqugvæt ai yjg mriugèäm ij wyi m meliqm am dmcnidfjicqm omtti m gqm jitjm ai gruicaiu# Ictfcgu tô æ vç`fam wygcam mt iaydgcamt gruicaij g gruicaiu gm gruiicaiu g ug|äm ai tiu am meliqm my am dmcqiüam# Æ ictfcgcam efm`mhfg my myqug aftdfr`fcg wyg`wyiu wyi m rumoittmu ictfcg mt g`ycmt g gruicaiu# Am rmcqm ai vftqg rumhuittftqg, ictfcgu fjr`fdg, rmft, wyi mt iaydgcamt, ij diuqm ticqfam, „riciqugcam‖ m aftdyutm am rumoittmu, ti grumrufij ag tfhcfofdgèäm rumoycag am dmcqiüam wyi itqç ticam ictfcgam# M gqm ai ictfcgu, ai uitrmctgef`fagai fcaftdyqêvi` am rumoittmu, vgf aitameugcam*ti, ag rguqi amt iaydgcamt, cm tiy gqm ai dmcnidiu m ictfcgam#‚ ‐M rumoittmu tô ictfcg viuagaifugjicqi, cg jiafag ij wyi dmcnidi m dmcqiüam wyi ictfcg, wyiu af|iu, cg jiafag ij wyi ti grum~fjg ai`i, ij wyi m gruiicai# Citqi dgtm, gm ictfcgu, m rumoittmu ui*dmcnidi m meliqm dmcnidfam# Ij myqugt rg`gvugt, ?6
ui*og| tyg dmhcmtdfqfvfagai cg dmhcmtdfqfvfagai amt iaydgcamt# Ictfcgu æ, gttfj, g omujg wyi qmjg m gqm ai dmcnidiu wyi m rumoittmu cidittgufgjicqi og| cg eytdg ai tgeiu m wyi ictfcg, rgug rumvmdgu cmt g`ycmt tiy gqm ai dmcnidfjicqm qgjeæj# Rmu fttm, ictfcgu æ yj gqm dufgamu, yj gqm duêqfdm# G dyufmtfagai am rumoittmu i amt g`ycmt, ij gèäm, ti icdmcqug cg egti am ictfcgruicaiu#‚
Rumjmviu g aftdfr`fcg ‐Ictfcgu yj dmcqiüam dmcqiüam ri`g gruiictäm aitqi rmu rguqi amt iaydgcamt fjr`fdg dufgèäm i m i~iudêdfm ai yjg tæufg aftdfr`fcg fcqi`idqyg`# Ruiqicaiu g fctiuèäm duêqfdg amt iaydgcamt cg tfqygèäm iaydgqfvg, icwygcqm tfqygèäm ai dmcnidfjicqm, tij itqg aftdfr`fcg æ itriug vä# Jgt, gttfj dmjm cäm æ rmttêvi` ictfcgu g 82
gruicaiu tij ictfcgu yj diuqm dmcqiüam gqugvæt ai dylm dmcnidfjicqm ti gruicai g gruicaiu, cäm ti ictfcg fhyg`jicqi g aftdfr`fcg ai wyi itqmy og`gcam g cäm tiu cg i ri`g ruçqfdg dmhcmtdicqi ai wyi mt iaydgcamt väm ti qmucgcam tylifqmt dgag vi| jgft duêqfdmt# M rgri` qitqijycng` am rumoittmu cg hitqgèäm aitqg aftdfr`fcg æ icmuji# Jgft yjg vi|, gê, tyg gyqmufagai, ai wyi tyg dmjriqìcdfg og| rguqi, lmhg yjg fjrmuqgcqi oycèäm# Yj rumoittmu wyi cäm `ivg g tæufm tyg ruçqfdg amdicqi, wyi cäm itqyag i ictfcg jg` m wyi jg` tgei, wyi cäm `yqg rgug aftrmu agt dmcafèùit jgqiufgft fcaftrictçvift â tyg ruçqfdg amdicqi, ti rumêei ai rguqfdfrgu rgug g omujgèäm ag fjruitdfcaêvi` aftdfr`fcg fcqi`idqyg` amt itqyagcqit# Ti gcy`g, rmft, dmjm rumoittmu# Jgt itqg aftdfr`fcg cäm rmai uity`qgu ai yj qugeg`nm oifqm cmt g`ycmt ri`m rumoittmu# Uiwyiuicam g ruiticèg am rumoittmu, tyg muficqgèäm, itqg aftdfr`fcg qij ai tiu dmctquyêag i gttyjfag ri`mt g`ycmt# Rmu fttm jitjm æ wyi m rumoittmu, g wyij ti dmcafdfmcg rgug ytgu tyg gyqmufagai cm ticqfam ai fcfefu g `feiuagai amt g`ycmt gqugvæt am dyjrufjicqm umqfcifum am wyi itqç afqm cmt jgcygft, cäm qij `feiuagai ai dufgu i cäm rmai, gttfj, glyagu mt g`ycmt g tiuij dufgqfvmt i dyufmtmt#‚
Aitdmeufu g g`ihufg ‐Cg dmctqfqyfèäm aitqg cidittçufg aftdfr`fcg cäm nç `yhgu, cg riutridqfvg rumhuittftqg, cij rgug g faicqfofdgèäm am gqm ai itqyagu dmj yjg itrædfi ai eufcwyiam dmj uihugt oumy~gt my tij i`gt, cij qgjrmydm dmj yj wyi og|iu fctmttm, aithmtqmtm, icogamcnm# M gqm ai itqyagu, ai dmcnidiu æ afoêdf`, tmeuiqyam i~fhicqi# Æ ruidftm, rmuæj, wyi mt iaydgcamt aitdyeugj i tfcqgj g g`ihufg ci`i ijeyqfag, wyi ai`i og| rguqi, tijrui aftrmtqg g qmjgu qmamt wygcqmt g i`i ti icquihyij#‚ 87
85
G@OGEIQF\GÈÄM< @IU M JYCAM RGUG ITDUI_IU G NFTQÔUFG
84
81
Rgug wyi g`ogeiqf|gu= Diuqg vi| yjg g`ogeiqf|gamug oi| g Rgy`m Ouifui g riuhycqg dmj wyi dmjiègjmt itqi dgrêqy`m# Rgy`m, ai yjg omujg tfjr`it i meliqfvg, uitrmcaiy dmj yjg dguqg, ai mcai uiqfugjmt m quidnm gegf~m Æ emj dmjiègu dngjgcam g gqicèäm rgug m rmaiu wyi qìj gt riuhycqgt ai rumvmdgu g hicqi# _ilg eij, ghmug jitjm, gm ji ruirgugu rgug fcfdfgu g jfcng uitrmtqg â riuhycqg, ji vilm meufhgam g rictgu, g ofdgu m`ngcam m rgri` ij wyi uiriqf tyg riuhycqg< ‐Rgug wyi g`ogeiqf|gu=‚ Gm ofdgu gttfj grguicqijicqi rgugam, rictgcam, riudiem wyi, rgug uitrmcaiu â tyg riuhycqg, aivm icqicaiu g ui`gèäm wyi i`g qij dmj myqugt riuhycqgt wyi, ijemug cäm qicngj tfam rumcycdfgagt, ti gdngj ruiticqit# Gttfj, m rgug wyi g`ogeiqf|gu= Qij wyi viu dmj m wyi æ g`ogeiqf|gu= Dmjm g`ogeiqf|gu= Wygcam= Rmu wyi= iqd# Rgug wyi= Æ g riuhycqg wyi g hicqi og| wygcam g dyufmtfagai ag hicqi ti gttgcng rgug tgeiu g ofcg`fagai ag gèäm my ag dmftg ai wyi g hicqi itqç og`gcam# 89
G hicqi riuhycqg m wyi æ= Wygcam wyiu tgeiu my dmjruiicaiu m wyi æ wyi og| wyi riaug tilg riaug i cäm rgy; wyi o`mu tilg o`mu i cäm rgttgufcnm# Dmjm= Æ g riuhycqg wyi g hicqi og| rug tgeiu mt dgjfcnmt wyi g hicqi riudmuui, mt jæqmamt wyi g hicqi ytg rug meqiu m wyi ti ruiqicai# Rmu wyi= æ g fcaghgèäm ri`g wyg` g hicqi rumdyug g ug|äm ai tiu, g dgytg agt dmftgt, i wygcam= Qij wyi viu dmj m qijrm ai`gt# Æ fcqiuittgcqi metiuvgu dmjm nç yjg diuqg tm`fagufiagai icqui gt afoiuicqit riuhycqgt, cäm fjrmuqg wyg` tilg gwyi`g ri`g wyg` dmjiègjmt g fcaghgu ag dmftg my ag gèäm# Ghmug, wygcam vmdì ji riuhycqg rgug wyi g`ogeiqf|gu=, ji tfcqm `ivgam g af|iu g`hm tmeui m wyi æ g`ogeiqf|gu# Rgug og|iu fttm vmy qicqgu yj dgjfcnm tfjr`it i jyfqm dmcduiqm# _ilg eij, citqi jmjicqm, qicnm g`hm cg jfcng jäm# Rihm g dmftg wyi qicnm cmt aiamt, grg`rm*g, tfcqm*g# Hgcnm g tictfef`fagai ag dmftg, riudiem*g, og`m m cmji ag dmftg i itduivm m cmji ag dmftg# Gttfj tfcqm g dgciqg cmt aiamt, riudiem g dgciqg, rumcycdfm m cmji dgciqg i airmft itduivm dg — ci — qg# M jitjm, wygti, ti aç wygcam og`gjmt rg`gvugt getqugqgt, tô wyi cäm rihgjmt g tfhcfofdgèäm ai`gt# Iy cäm rihm g tgyagai am Uidfoi dmj gt jämt# Iy tfcqm g tgyagai fcqifug cm jiy dmurm# Iy og`m i itduivm tgyagai# _ilg, g rittmg dngjgag gcg`ogeiqg, wyi cäm tgei `iu cij itduiviu, ticqi dmjm côt, g dmftg, rihgcam*g my cäm, riudiei i og`g, tô cäm itduivi, rmuqgcqm cäm `ì qgjeæj# G`ogeiqf|gu, cyj ticqfam eij afuiqm, æ rmttfef`fqgu wyi gt rittmgt g wyij og`qg m amjêcfm aitqg mriugèäm dufij itqi amjêcfm# Rmu jgft fjrmuqgcqi ‑ i æ jyfqm fjrmuqgcqi ‑ m rgri` ag iaydgamug my am iaydgamu cg jmcqghij aitqi amjêcfm, m iaydgamu cäm rmai og|iu ftqm ij `yhgu am g`ogeiqf|gcam# G g`ogeiqf|gèäm æ 8?
yj gqm ai dufgèäm ai wyi og|ij rguqi m g`ogeiqf|gcam i m iaydgamu# M iaydgamu æ oycagjicqg`# I`i qij jitjm wyi ictfcgu aitai rmuæj wyi lgjgft gcy`i m itomuèm dufgamu am g`ogeiqf|gcam# Æ fcqiuittgcqi metiuvgu dmjm cäm rmaijmt og`gu ai gcg`ogeiqftjm ij dy`qyugt wyi aitdmcnidij m g`ogeiqm, gt `iqugt# Cyjg dy`qyug f`iqugag cäm nç gcg`ogeiqmt# M ‐gcg`ogeiqm ‑ i ftqm ji omf afqm nç jgft ai vfcqi gcmt rmu yj dy`qm g`ogeiqf|gcam, cyj Dêudy`m ai Dy`qyug — æ g rittmg wyi, vfvicam cyjg dy`qyug wyi dmcnidi gt `iqugt, cäm tgei `iu cij itduiviu#‚ Rgug wyi g`ogeiqf|gu= Cyjg rufjifug grum~fjgèäm gm rume`ijg i tihyfcam gwyi`i g`ogeiqf|gcam cmuaitqfcm g wyij ji uioiuf gdfjg, rmaiufg af|iu g vmdì< rgug wyi gt rittmgt wyi vfvij cyjg dy`qyug wyi dmcnidi gt `iqugt cäm dmcqfcyij umyegagt ai yj afuifqm ‑ m ai tmjgu tmjgu â ‐`ifqyug‚ wyi lç og|ij am jycam g `ifqyug ag rg`gvug, wyi gfcag cäm og|ij#
Citqg dguqg, Rgy`m og| uioiuìcdfg g fjrmuqgcqit rmcqmt ag omujg dmjm dmjruiicai g g`ogeiqf|gèäm< '
M gqm ai gruicaiu g `iu i g itduiviu dmjièg g rguqfu ai yjg dmjruiictäm geugchicqi am gqm ai `iu m jycam, dmftg wyi mt tiuit nyjgcmt og|ij gcqit ai `iu g rg`gvug#
'
Qiufg tfam fjrmttêvi` itduiviu ti gcqit cäm qfvitti ngvfam g og`g# Cäm æ rmttêvi` `iu tij og`gu, am rmcqm ai vftqg ai yjg dmjruiictäm of`mtôofdg, h`meg` am gqm ai `iu#
' G
`ifqyug ag rg`gvug omf ruidiafag ai yj rgttgam tij rg`gvug mug` i yj rgttgam airmft ag mug`fagai# 88
Dgjrgcng ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm ag Cfdguçhyg ' G
`ifqyug ag rg`gvug itdufqg fjr`fdg g og`g, fjr`fdg g mug`fagai# G dgrgdfagai ai og`gu, rmu tyg vi|, aijgcamy gcqit m qugctomujgu g uig`fagai# Æ fttm wyi iy dngjm ai „itduiviu m jycam‖#
' Cfchyæj
æ gcg`ogeiqm rmuwyi wyiu, jgt dmjm dmctiwðìcdfg agt dmcafèùit ai mcai vfvi# Nç dgtmt, mcai ‐m gcg`ogeiqm æ m nmjij my jy`niu wyi cäm cidittfqg `iu i itduiviu‚, ij myqumt æ g jy`niu my m nmjij g wyij omf cihgam m afuifqm ai `iu i itduiviu#
'
8>
Icwygcqm gqm ai dmcnidfjicqm i gqm dufgamu, m rumdittm ag g`ogeiqf|gèäm qij, cm g`ogeiqf|gcam, m tiy tylifqm#
Rgy`m Ouifui i g g`ogeiqf|gèäm g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai gay`qmt G g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai gay`qmt omf m dgjrm ag iaydgèäm rufvf`ihfgam cg ruçqfdg qiôufdg ai Rgy`m Ouifui# Jyfqgt omugj gt ug|ùit rgug ftqm# M Cmuaitqi gruiticqg yjg wygcqfagai qäm hugcai ai gcg`ogeiqmt wyi iug fjrmttêvi` rgug yj iaydgamu cmuaitqfcm, dmjm Ouifui, fhcmugu itqg ayug uig`fagai# Cg ærmdg ij wyi Rgy`m dmjièmy g eytdgu uitrmtqgt rgug g wyitqäm am gcg`ogeiqftjm, mt gcg`ogeiqmt iugj fjriafamt ai vmqgu# Ftqm gogtqgvg yjg rguqi dmctfaiuçvi` ai eugtf`ifumt ai yjg agt omujgt jgft i`ijicqguit ai rguqfdfrgèäm rm`êqfdg i oughf`f|gvg, gfcag jgft, g aijmdugdfg eugtf`ifug# Ngvfg g itriugcèg ai wyi, dmj m gyjicqm tfhcfofdgqfvm am vmqm rmry`gu, omtti rmttêvi` qiu cm rmaiu rm`êqfdmt jgft dmjrumjiqfamt dmj g rguqi jgft tmoufag ag rmry`gèäm# Icquiqgcqm, aitai itqg ærmdg, Rgy`m gofujgvg wyi ‐m cmttm hugcai aitgofm rumttihyfg i qugctdicafg g tyriugèäm am gcg`ogeiqftjm i ti tfqygvg cg cidittfagai ai tyriugujmt qgjeæj g cmttg fci~riufìcdfg aijmduçqfdg# My qicqgujmt tfjy`qgcig* jicqi gt aygt dmftgt‚# G rguqfu rguqfu amt qugeg`nmt qugeg`nmt fcfdfgamt fcfdfgamt ij Uidfoi, Rgy`m Ouifui Ouifui jgudmy aiofcfqfvgjicqi m rictgjicqm ui`gqfvm â g`ogeiqf|gèäm# Citqg çuig fcqumay|fy faæfgt i oi| gofujgèùit i~quijgjicqi fjrmuqgcqit, wyi riujgcidij ai hugcai gqyg`fagai, qgft dmjm< * Qmjgu Qmjgu g g`ogeiqf|gèäm g`ogeiqf|gè äm dmjm dmctiwyìcdfg dmctiwyìcd fg ai yjg muaij tmdfg` fclytqg i, rmuqgcqm, yjg wyitqäm ai cgqyui|g tmdfg` i iaydgdfmcg`#
Gfcag nmli, jyfqgt jyfqgt vi|it vi|it m gcg`ogeiqftjm gcg`ogeiqftjm æ dmctfaiugam dmjm yj jg` wyi ruidftgjmt iuugafdgu qg` dmjm m qfom, g vguêm`g i myqumt jgft# 86
59#222#222 ai gcg`ogeiqmt cmt Itqgamt Ycfamt ‐Mt viuagaifumt gjiufdgcmt cäm täm gcg`ogeiqmt‚
@mcauit
Gofujgcam wyi cäm æ ‐cij dnghg, cij iuvg agcfcng g tiu iuugafdgag, cij icoiujfagai, jgt yjg agt i~ruittùit dmcduiqgt ai yjg uig`fagai tmdfg` fclytqg‚, Rgy`m Ouifui dm`mdmy, aiofcfqfvgjicqi, m rume`ijg am amjêcfm ag itdufqg cyj dmcqi~qm jgft gjr`m, cm wyg` g itdufqg grguidi dmjm yj eij tmdfg` aitfhyg`jicqi aftqufeyêam, dmjm g qiuug i m g`fjicqm# Uithgqgcam g afjictäm tmdfg` am gcg`ogeiqftjm, Ouifui uithgqg m dguçqiu ai vêqfjg agwyi`it wyi cäm qfviugj gdittm â itdufqg# Gm jitjm qijrm uiqfug am gcg`ogeiqm g dmcafèäm ai ‐dihm‚ i ‐fcdgrg|‚# >2
* Dmjruiicaiu wyi m gruicaf|gam ag `ifqyug i ag itdufqg cäm rmai tiu oifqm dmjm g`hm rgug`i`m â uig`fagai dmcduiqg amt g`ogeiqf|gcamt#
Cg g`ogeiqf|gèäm rumrmtqg rmu Ouifui, g gcç`fti ag uig`fagai i m gruicaf|gam ag itdufqg omujgj yjg ycfagai qg` wyg` g qimufg i g ruçqfdg täm fctirguçvift# Citqi ticqfam, ‐nç yjg afoiuicèg oycagjicqg` icqui g g`ogeiqf|gèäm cg riutridqfvg rumhuittftqg i cg riutridqfvg qidcfdftqg# Cg ü`qfjg ti aç ìcogti gm amjêcfm ryugjicqi qædcfdm — wyi æ oycagjicqg` — ag `ifqyug i ag hugofg omcìjfdg ag rg`gvug# Gttfj, itqfjy`gj mt g`ogeiqf|gcamt g `iu i itduiviu JITG tij riuhycqgu dmjm i ij wyi fjr`fdg rumay|fu g JITG# Æ dmjm qmjgu g rg`gvug aitdmcidqgag am jycam# Jgt cäm i~ftqij rg`gvugt cm gu, g `fchyghij itqç getm`yqgjicqi dmcidqgag, afg`iqfdgjicqi `fhgag â uig`fagai# Ti jmtqugjmt g`hm i mt g`ogeiqf|gcamt dmjiègj g aitduiviu m wyi æ, itqäm og|icam g `ifqyug am dmcduiqm ag uig`fagai# Airmft dnihgj â `ifqyug ag itdufqg# Nç yj fu i vfu dmctqgcqi ag `ifqyug am jycam â ag rg`gvug i ag `ifqyug ag rg`gvug â ui`ifqyug am jycam#‚ *Qmjgu g g`ogeiqf|gèäm dmjm ruçqfdg ai yjg qimufg am dmcnidfjicqm#
G g`ogeiqf|gèäm, cg riutridqfvg ai Rgy`m Ouifui, cäm æ icqicafag dmjm yjg jijmuf|gèäm ai eg * ei * ef * em * ey i cij dmjm yjg qugctoiuìcdfg ai dmcnidfjicqm ag itdufqg am g`ogeiqf|gamu rgug m g`ogeiqf|gcam# Dmjm gqm ai dmcnidfjicqm wyi qij dmjm meliqm g tiu dmcnidfam g `êchyg itdufqg, g g`ogeiqf|gèäm æ yj rumdittm ai eytdg i qicqgqfvgt ai uivm`yèäm, rmuqgcqm, cycdg yjg uidirèäm rgttfvg# Ij rufjifum `yhgu, m rumdittm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm æ yj gqm dmj m wyg` ti uidmcnidi wyi m rmvm lç rmttyf dmcnidfjicqmt# >7
^gvfiu * I~iudfqgèäm
Gttfj, ‐æ ruidftm rumrmu yj qi~qm, yj rictgjicqm `fhgam gm dmcqi~qm tmdfg` i nftqôufdm dmjm meliqm ag dyufmtfagai i am dmcnidfjicqm am g`ogeiqf|gcam i, cg gruiictäm aitqg qmqg`fagai, gruiicaiu g rgudfg`fagai wyi æ g itdufqg ag rg`gvug#‚ Rgug Ouifui, citqg qimufg am dmcnidfjicqm, cäm æ rmttêvi`< g& tirgugu ruçqfdg ai qimufg; e& tirgugu m gqm ai dmcnidiu m dmcnidfjicqm nmli i~ftqicqi am gqm ai dufgu m cmvm dmcnidfjicqm; d& tirgugu ictfcgu ai gruicaiu; iaydgu ai iaydgu*ti# * Dmcdieiu g g`ogeiqf|gèäm dmjm yj gqm dufgamu#
‐Qmagt gt vi|it ij wyi qicnm aftdyqfam m rume`ijg ag g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai gay`qmt, qicnm tye`fcngam wyi, cyjg riutridqfvg >5
`feiuqgamug, i`g nç ai tiu tijrui yj gqm dufgamu, ij wyi m dmcnidfjicqm `fvuitdm diai `yhgu g yjg omujg ai dmcnidfjicqm wyi rumvæj ag uio`i~äm duêqfdg tmeui yjg ruçqfdg dmcduiqg ai qugeg`nm# Agê g fctftqìcdfg dmj wyi og`m ag ui`gèäm afg`æqfdg icqui m dmcqi~qm dmcduiqm .uig`fagai vfvfag ri`mt g`ogeiqf|gcam&, ij wyi qg` ruçqfdg ti aç, i m dmcqi~qm qiôufdm .tg`g ai gy`g&, ij wyi g uio`i~äm duêqfdg tmeui gwyi`i ti og|#‚ ‐Rictçvgjmt cyjg g`ogeiqf|gèäm wyi omtti ij tf yj gqm ai dufgèäm, dgrg| ai aiticdgaigu myqumt gqmt dufgamuit# Cyjg g`ogeiqf|gèäm ij wyi m nmjij i g jy`niu, rmuwyi cäm omttij tiyt rgdficqit, tiyt meliqmt, aiticvm`vittij g fjrgdfìcdfg, g vfvgdfagai, dgugdqiuêtqfdg amt itqgamt ai rumdyug, ai fcvicèäm i uifvfcafdgèäm#‚ G ui`gèäm g`ogeiqf|gamu*g`ogeiqf|gcam æ yjg ui`gèäm ij wyi m wyi dmcnidi g itdufqg rumvmdg, itqfjy`g m myqum rgug wyi, gqugvæt ag ruçqfdg ai `iu i itduiviu, dnihyi g itqi dmcnidfjicqm#
M cgtdfjicqm ag jiqmam`mhfg Rgy`m Ouifui M Eugtf` agt rufjifugt i~riufìcdfgt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm Mt gcmt 92, wyi tydiaiugj m ofcg` ag afqgayug ai _guhgt, ti eiciofdfgugj am d`fjg ai `feiuagai ai jgcfoitqgèäm rm`êqfdg hgugcqfam ri`g dmctqfqyfèäm ai 1?# Citqi d`fjg, gt qictùit hiugagt ri`g aftryqg ai rmaiu cäm ti `fjfqgvgj gmt dicqumt aidftôufmt qugafdfmcgft, jgt i~qugvgtgvgj rgug myqumt tihjicqmt ag tmdfiagai# G fjruictg og`gag i itdufqg, tij m ogcqgtjg ag dictyug i m gavicqm ag qi`ivftäm, oi| ag jêafg yj rmaiumtm fctquyjicqm ai omujgèäm ag mrfcfäm rüe`fdg# Ftqm qmucmy g aædgag ai 92 i~quijgjicqi ufdg wygcqm gm aiegqi rm`êqfdm, yj aiegqi wyi, ijemug omtti jyfqgt vi|it `fjfqgam g yj jmug`ftjm jitwyfcnm, dicqugam wygti tijrui ij fcqiuittit i`ifqmuifumt, tytdfqmy yjg aftdyttäm ai wyi ijiuhfgj mt rume`ijgt cgdfmcgft# >4
M hmviucm Lytdi`fcm, cg tihycag jiqgai ag aædgag, fcqumay|fy m aiticvm`vfjicqftjm dmjm egcaifug ai hmviucm# Tyg rumjittg i`ifqmug` ai og|iu dmj wyi ayugcqi m tiy hmviucm m Eugtf` duitditti ‐dfcwðicqg gcmt ij dfcdm‚ ijrm`hmy g cgèäm# Gt i`fqit icdgugugj g dmctquyèäm ai Eugtê`fg i g fjr`gcqgèäm ag fcaütqufg gyqmjmef`êtqfdg dmjm mrmuqycfagait rgug cihôdfmt i tytqicqgugj m hmviucm# G oycagjicqgèäm faim`ôhfdg rgug itqi rumliqm ai hmviucm omf agag ri`m FTIE 5 , wyi gh`yqfcgvg yjg rgudi`g tfhcfofdgqfvg ag fcqi`idqyg`fagai rumhuittftqg ag ærmdg# Ycfviutfqçufmt, d`ium i tfcafdg`ftqgt, icqui myqumt, itqfviugj omuqijicqi fco`yicdfgamt rmu itqg vftäm# M rgêt og`gvg ij uiomujgt ai egti i gt icqfagait itqyagcqft eytdgvgj itqgei`idiu g`fgcègt rmry`guit# M rgêt vfvfg yj d`fjg ai jyagcègt i g iaydgèäm dmjiègvg g tiu vftqg dmjm fctquyjicqm fjrmuqgcqi aitqgt qugctomujgèùit# Ç`vgum _fifug Rfcqm, jijeum am FTIE, uivi`g cm tiy `fvum, Dmctdfìcdfg i uig`fagai cgdfmcg` , itqg cmvg omujg ai rictgu g iaydgèäm< ‐Iaydgu rgug m aiticvm`vfjicqm cäm æ qgcqm qugctjfqfu dmcqiüamt rguqfdy`guit ai dmcnidfjicqm, uiay|fu m ictfcm g aiqiujfcgagt jgqæufgt, cij uitqufchfu m tgeiu i~d`ytfvgjicqi g gttycqmt ai cgqyui|g qædcfdg; æ jyfqm jgft am wyi ftqm, aitriuqgu cm iaydgcam cmvm jmam ai rictgu i ai ticqfu g i~ftqìcdfg, ij ogdi agt dmcafèùit cgdfmcgft dmj wyi ti aioumcqg; æ agu*`ni g dmctdfìcdfg ai tyg dmctqgcqi ui`gèäm g yj rgêt wyi ruidftg ai tiy qugeg`nm rittmg` rgug jmafofdgu m itqgam ai gqugtm; og|ì*`m uidieiu qyam wygcqm `ni æ ictfcgam rmu yj cmvm åchy`m ai riudirèäm, m ai wyi qmam m tiy tgeiu aivi dmcqufeyfu rgug m ijricnm dm`iqfvm ai qugctomujgèäm ag uig`fagai#‚ 4 Ijemug ti gduiafqgtti cm aiticvm`vfjicqm dmjm omujg ai tyriugèäm ag jftæufg, iug oçdf` riudieiu wyi rumoycagt FTIE* Fctqfqyqm Tyriufmu ai Itqyamt Eugtf`ifumt# Ç`vgum _fifug Rfcqm# Dmctdfìcdfg i uig`fagai cgdfmcg`# Ufm ai Lgcifum< JID - FTIE, 76?2# 5 4
>1
jmafofdgèùit rm`êqfdgt iugj oycagjicqgft rgug wyi m duitdfjicqm idmcñjfdm cäm eiciofdfgtti gricgt mt jitjmt ai tijrui# Rgug ftqm, tiqmuit rumhuittftqgt gtrfugvgj â gjr`fgèäm am rmaiu rmry`gu# Mt muhgcftjmt itqyagcqft .YCI, YEIT, YIIt, iqd& dmjiègugj g aiticvm`viu yjg rm`êqfdg ai g`fgcègt dmj tfcafdgqmt ai mriuçufmt, qugeg`ngamuit uyugft, muhgcf|gèùit ai dgemt i tguhicqmt, iqd# M hmviucm ai Lytdi`fcm Kyefqtdnik qiujfcmy ij 76?7, tyetqfqyêam rmu Låcfm Wygaumt, dgcafagqm ag mrmtfèäm# Ofhyug jittfåcfdg i dguftjçqfdg, m cmvm ruitfaicqi cäm dmctihyfy dmcvfviu dmj gt cihmdfgèùit cidittçufgt ij yj uihfji aijmduçqfdm i, rmydmt jitit airmft ai ijrmttgam, uicycdfmy â Ruitfaìcdfg# M vfdi*ruitfaicqi Lmäm Hmy`guq gttyji m rmaiu qicam Qgcduiam Civit dmjm rufjifum jfcftqum# M Ruitfaicdfg`ftjm uiqmucg amft gcmt airmft, gqugvæt ai yj r`ieftdfqm, uitqgei`idicam gt ruiuumhgqfvgt gcqiufmuit am dnioi ag cgèäm i qug|icam dmj i`i gt dmctrfugèùit wyi uiaycagufgj cm hm`ri ai ?1# M hmviucm Lmäm Hmy`guq, aitai tiy dmjièm dmcqmy dmj g uiry`tg ag d`gtti amjfcgcqi i ai tiqmuit agt Omuègt Gujgagt# Ftqm `ivmy m hmviucm g eytdgu m grmfm agt egtit rmry`guit# Yjg agt tgêagt icdmcqugagt rgug g jgcyqicèäm am rmaiu omf aiticvm`viu rumhugjgt ai jmef`f|gèäm rmry`gu dmj m meliqfvm ai omuqg`idiu itqgt egtit# Dmj m jitjm meliqfvm gamqmy*ti yjg rm`êqfdg ai iaydgèäm rmry`gu dgrg| ai `ivgu m rmvm g rguqfdfrgu amt aitqfcmt am rgêt# Omf gttfj wyi m hmviucm uidmuuiy gm tftqijg ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai gay`qmt aiticvm`vfam rmu Rgy`m Ouifui, wyi cgwyi`i jmjicqm lç qfcng g tyg iofdfìcdfg dmjrumvgag gqugvæt ai i~riufìcdfgt ij vçufgt rguqit am rgêt#
Uidfoi Omf citti dmcqi~qm ai fcêdfm amt gcmt ?2 i g rguqfu am >9
Jmvfjicqm ai Dy`qyug Rmry`gu ai Uidfoi wyi Rgy`m Ouifui dmjièmy g rugqfdgu tygt faæfgt faæfgt cm dgjrm ag g`ogeiqf|gèäm g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai gay`qmt# M Dicqum ai Dy`qyug ai Amcg M`ihgufcg, cm ‐Rmèm ag Rgci`g‚, lç dmcqgvg dmj afviutgt gqfvfagait iaydgqfvgt wygcam ti riudieiy wyi ngvfg qgjeæj yj hugcai fcqiuitti rmu ‐yjg itdm`g rgug mt gay`qmt‚# Rgy`m Ouifui omf dmcvfagam g aiticvm`viu, cgwyi`i `yhgu, m qugeg`nm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm wyi nç g`hyj qijrm vfcng rictgcam# Yjg riwyicg qyujg ai g`ogeiqf|gcamt omf muhgcf|gag i, cyj dyuqm itrgèm ai qijrm, lç ngvfg g`ycm ti vg`icam ag itdufqg# @mhm airmft, vifm cmvg qyujg i mt uity`qgamt omugj eij tiji`ngcqit# Rgug`i`gjicqi gm qugeg`nm ag g`ogeiqf|gèäm i rmu tyhitqäm am ruôrufm Rgy`m Ouifui, m Dicqum ai Dy`qyug rgttmy g jgcqiu ‐d`yeit ai `ifqyug‚ rgug mt gay`qmt lç g`ogeiqf|gamt# Itqit d`yeit iugj itrgèmt mcai iugj `famt i aftdyqfamt rmijgt, dmcqmt, duñcfdgt### Mt rguqfdfrgcqit iugj iaydgcamt tgêamt am dyutm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm i jmugamuit ag uiamcai|g, wyi hgcngvgj gê jgfmu fcqfjfagai dmj m jycam ag itdufqg#
Gt rufjifugt cmvfagait qug|fagt rmu Ouifui Ngvfg jyfqg jyfqg dmftg cmvg cg g`ogeiqf|gèäm g`ogeiqf|gèäm wyi Rgy`m Ouifui rumrycng#
Yjg aitqgt cmvfagait iug m ytm ai uidyutm gyafmvftyg`# Yj irfafgtdôrfm, grgui`nm dgrg| ai rumliqgu fjghict fjruittgt ij rgri`, omf `ivgam rgug g tg`g ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm am ‐Rmèm ag Rgci`g‚ mcai tiuvfg rgug rumliqgu fjghict ai aiticnmt i rg`gvugt ui`gqfvmt gmt gttycqmt qugqgamt# Cgwyi`g ærmdg, mt gyafmvftygft dmjiègvgj g tiu ytgamt cg iaydgèäm i g i`it ti duiafqgvg m rmaiu ai fco`yicdfgu rmtfqfvgjicqi cmt rumdittmt ai gruicaf|ghij# >?
Cm dgtm ai Rgy`m Ouifui, itqg duicèg iug uiomuègag ri`g fjruittäm wyi `ni dgytgvg viu g ugrfai| dmj wyi tiy of`nm riwyicm hyguagvg i uidmcnidfg g itdufqg ai cmjit i jgudgt vifdy`gamt ri`g rye`fdfagai#
Iaydgèäm dmjm ruçqfdg ai `feiuagai * Dnf`i
Metiuvgu i i~riufjicqgu g uigèäm amt gcg`ogeiqmt ouicqi g itqit uidyutmt lç vfcng ticam tiy meliqm ai itqyam# Gcfjgvg*m, gfcag, tgeiu ag i~ftqìcdfg ai yj qugeg`nm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm g`ogeiqf|gèäm oifqm rmu yj rgaui ngfqfgcm, cg Çoufdg, mcai m ytm ai uidyutmt gyafmvftygft omf dmctfaiugam ai hugcai vg`fg# >8
Dnuft Nma|f * \fjegexi
Myqug cmvfagai itqgvg cm itqêjy`m â rguqfdfrgèäm amt iaydgcamt#
Rgug Ouifui, jy`niuit i nmjict ti dgugdqiuf|gj dmjm rittmgt dgrg|it ai dgrqgu i uitrmcaiu gmt aitgofmt am jycam mcai ti icdmcqugj# Ghfu tmeui g cgqyui|g, rumay|fcam dy`qyug i dmcnidfjicqm, æ jgudg oycagjicqg` amt tiuit nyjgcmt# Dmiuicqi dmj itqgt faæfgt, Rgy`m cäm rmaiufg aiticvm`viu yjg jiqmam`mhfg wyi qfugtti m rgri` gqfvm amt iaydgcamt i am iaydgamu# M afç`mhm icqui iaydgamu, iaydgcam i meliqm am dmcnidfjicqm omf yj amt rmcqmt omuqit aitqg cmvg g`ogeiqf|gèäm# >>
Rgug wyi m afç`mhm uig`jicqi ti ioiqfvgtti, Rgy`m aiticvm`viy yj qugeg`nm mcai m dmcnidfam amt iaydgcamt ti qugctomujgvg ij rg`gvugt hiugamugt, wyi rmttfef`fqgvgj g rguqfdfrgèäm ai qmamt# Gt dguqifugt ij dêudy`mt gm fcvæt ai icof`ifugagt i g gruiticqgèäm ai fjghict ui`gdfmcgagt dmj mt qijgt itqyagamt iugj uidyutmt ogdf`fqgamuit am afç`mhm#
^gvfiu
Myqug cmvfagai itqgvg cm rgri` ai rume`ijgqf|gamu agam gm iaydgamu#
Rgy`m tgefg tgefg m wygcqm m jmai`m qugafdfmcg` qugafdfmcg` ai iaydgèäm iaydgèäm dm`mdgvg m iaydgamu cm rgri` ai g`hyæj wyi ‐og`g rgug mt iaydgcamt myvfuij‚, rmuwyi vfg m iaydgamu dmjm gwyi`i wyi aiqæj m dmcnidfjicqm i mt iaydgcamt dmjm rittmgt jgudgagt ri`m ‐cäm tgeiu‚# Afgcqi ai qg` tfqygèäm tô iug rmttêvi` gm iaydgamu ghfu tmeui mt iaydgcamt, itomuègcam*ti itomuègcam*ti rgug ruiicdniu ci`it m vg|fm ai dmcnidfjicqmt# >6
Iaydgèäm egcdçufg * M dmcnidfjicqm tgf am iaydgamu i ruiicdni m vg|fm amt iaydgcamt * Cirg`
Afoiuicqijicqi, g rumrmtqg ai Rgy`m vfg iaydgamu i iaydgcamt dmjm rittmgt rmttyfamugt ai dmcnidfjicqmt i dgrg|it ai gruicaiu jgft i ji`nmu cyjg ui`gèäm afg`ôhfdg# Cg g`ogeiqf|gèäm wyi Rgy`m aioicafg, m iaydgamu aif~gvg ai `gam m dmjycfdgam rumcqm, rgug, dmj m iaydgcam i gqugvæt am afç`mhm, dnihgu gm dmcnidfjicqm#
Iaydgèäm aijmduçqfdg * Iaydgamu i iaydgcam qìj dmcnidfjicqmt i g ui`gèäm icqui i`it æ rumvmdgamug ai cmvmt dmcnidfjicqmt
Gt rufjifugt i~riufìcdfgt dmj g jiqmam`mhfg ai Rgy`m Ouifui Mt rufjifumt qugeg`nmt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm fctrfugamt ij Rgy`m Ouifui tyuhfugj g rguqfu ai ?5# Cmt amft gcmt tihyfcqit gqæ gqæ m quçhfdm quçhfdm 62
geuf` ai ?1, itqit qugeg`nmt hgcngugj omuèg i ti i~rgcafugj dmctfaiugvi`jicqi# Afviutgt i~riufìcdfgt omugj tftqijgqf|gagt# G g`ogeiqf|gèäm g`ogeiqf|gèäm aiticngag rmu Ouifui dnihmy g `yhguit aftqgcqit aftqgcqit am Cmuaitqi i itqgvg ruitqit g icvm`viu qmam m rgêt gqugvæt am R`gcm Cgdfmcg` ai G`ogeiqf|gèäm am Jfcftqæufm ai Iaydgèäm#
G DIR@GU Cm Cmuaitqi, g`æj amt qugeg`nmt uig`f|gamt ri`g iwyfri ai Ouifui cm TID .Tiuvfèm ai I~qictäm Dy`qyug`& ai Uidfoi, omugj tfhcfofdgqfvmt mt qugeg`nmt ag DIR@GU — Dgjrgcng ai Iaydgèäm Rmry`gu ag Rgugêeg, i m ai Gchfdmt, cm Ufm Hugcai am Cmuqi# G Dgjrgcng ag Rgugêeg dmjièmy gfcag ij ?5, `mhm airmft agt i~riufìcdfgt ai ‐Rmèm ag Rgci`g‚# G ruôrufg iwyfri am TID 1 dgrgdfqmy gt `faiugcègt `faiugcègt ag DIR@GU rgug g uig`f|gèäm amt huyrmt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm# G Dgjrgcng, qg` dmjm tijrui aitilmy Ouifui, fcqumay|fy cmvmt i tfhcfofdgqfvmt gtridqmt cmt qugeg`nmt wyi lç vfcngj ticam aiticvm`vfamt# Yj aitqit gduætdfjmt omf g dufgèäm ai yjg rôt* g`ogeiqf|gèäm wyi gdgemy uiaycagcam cm rumliqm ai yj ictfcm iwyfvg`icqi gm gcqfhm rufjçufm, dmj g ayugèäm ai 5 gcmt# G DIR@GU gqymy, rufcdfrg`jicqi, cgt çuigt mcai ti agvgj mt dmco`fqmt icqui gt @fhgt Dgjrmcitgt i mt rumrufiqçufmt uyugft rgugfegcmt# Omf, gm qmam, yj qugeg`nm egtqgcqi fcqictm, wyi dnihmy g gqfchfu jgft ai 1#222 g`ogeiqf|gcamt g`ogeiqf|gcamt aitqi g tyg dufgèäm, ij ?5, gqæ tyg i~qfcèäm dmj m hm`ri ai ?1#
Gchfdmt Gt faæfgt `fhgagt â g`ogeiqf|gèäm aiticvm`vfagt rmu Rgy`m Ouifui tiuvfugj ai egti rgug g i~riufìcdfg ai Gchfdmt, riwyicg dfagai am fcqiufmu am Ufm Hugcai am Cmuqi# TID* Tiuvfèm ai I~qictäm Dy`qyug`# @fhgam â Ycfviutfagai Oiaiug` ai Uidfoi, itqi dicqum tme g afuièäm ai Rgy`m Ouifui qivi fjrmuqgcqi fjrmu qgcqi rgri` cg hitqgèäm i tftqijgqf|gèäm amt rufjifumt qugeg`nmt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm aiticvm`vfamt cg vftäm ouifuigcg# 1
67
Itqg i~riufìcdfg ti qmucmy ai hugcai fjrmuqåcdfg rmuwyi omf m rufjifum qugeg`nm tftqijgqf|gam citqi cmvm icomwyi, g`æj ai dmcqgu dmj g rguqfdfrgèäm, cyj jitjm qijrm, ai grum~fjgagjicqi 422 g`ogeiqf|gcamt# Qg` dmjm gdmcqidiy cgt i~riufìcdfgt ai Uidfoi, g g`ogeiqf|gèäm ij Gchfdmt ayumy grum~fjgagjicqi 5 jitit i tiyt uity`qgamt omugj tyriufmuit gmt dmctihyfamt qugafdfmcg`jicqi cg g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai gay`qmt# G gjr`g dmeiuqyug lmucg`êtqfdg agag â i~riufìcdfg ai Gchfdmt gdgemy rmu qmucgu Rgy`m Ouifui i m tiy qugeg`nm dmcnidfamt ij qmam m Eugtf`#
Om`ng ai T# Rgy`m 76-21-?4 65
Rgy`m Ouifui omug am Cmuaitqi Ij ?4, gt faæfgt ai Ouifui dmjiègugj g ti qugctomujgu ij ruçqfdgt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm, omug am Cmuaitqi# _f`g Ni`icg Jgufg, yj egfuum rmeui ag riufoiufg ai Mtgtdm, omf m `mdg` itdm`nfam ri`g YII rgug g uig`f|gèäm ai yjg i~riufìcdfg rf`mqm dmj g jiqmam`mhfg ai Rgy`m Ouifui# Ei`m Nmuf|mcqi i Eugtê`fg qgjeæj icqugugj cm jgrg aitqit qugeg`nmt# _f`g Ni`icg Jgufg
M qugeg`nm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai _f`g Ni`icg Jgufg, am wyg` rguqfdfrgjmt, omf uig`f|gam ri`g YII -TR .Ycfäm Itqgayg` amt Itqyagcqit& i aiviufg tiuvfu ai fcêdfm g yjg gjr`g dgjrgcng ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm g tiu aiticvm`vfag ri`mt ycfviutfqçufmt rgy`ftqgt# M egfuum ai _f`g Ni`icg Jgufg iug, ij 76?4, yj amt jgft rmeuit i gogtqgamt ai Mtgtdm, fjrmuqgcqi jycfdêrfm ag Hugcai Täm Rgy`m# Tyg rmry`gèäm, dmctqfqyêag ij hugcai rguqi rmu jfhugcqit ai Jfcgt Hiugft, gruiticqgvg yj g`qm êcafdi ai gcg`ogeiqftjm# M egfuum cäm aftrycng ai uiai ai `y| cij ai ithmqm# G çhyg iug uiqfugag ai dftqiucgt .agê, g rg`gvug hiugamug< tguf`nm& i cij tijrui ij dmcafèùit ai tiu eiefag my yqf`f|gag cm ruirgum ai g`fjicqmt# Yj qi~qm*jijôufg aitqg i~riufìcdfg cmt dmcqg< ‐Cgwyi`i qijrm dmjiègvg g dfudy`gu g cmqêdfg ai wyi yj rumoittmu cmuaitqfcm itqgvg aiticvm`vicam yj qugeg`nm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai gay`qmt cm Uidfoi i ij Gchfdmt# Af|fg*ti wyi i`i dmctihyfg yjg g`ogeiqf|gèäm i~quijgjicqi uçrfag, rguqfcam ai rg`gvugt i~qugêagt am vmdgey`çufm rmry`gu# Og`gvg* ti, qgjeæj, wyi itqi qugeg`nm gjr`fgvg m cêvi` ai dmctdfìcdfg amt g`ogeiqf|gcamt# M cmji aitqi aitdmcnidfam rumoittmu< Rgy`m Ouifui#‚ G dgrgdfqgèäm fcfdfg` ag iwyfri wyi qugeg`nmy ij _f`g Ni`icg Jgufg omf oifqg ri`g iwyfri ai Rgy`m Ouifui# Lmjgua ai Eufqm, I`|g, jy`niu i dm`gemugamug ai Rgy`m, i Gyuicfdi Dguamtm, 64
g`æj am ruôrufm Rgy`m, itqfviugj ij Täm Rgy`m ayugcqi yjg tijgcg cg wyg` ti aftdyqfy g uig`fagai eugtf`ifug, m jmai`m ai iaydgèäm vfhicqi, m gyqmufqguftjm tijrui ruiticqi cg cmttg nftqôufg# Qg` dmjm gdmcqidiy dmj mt iaydgamuit ag DIR@GU, m huyrm ai Täm Rgy`m, qgjeæj, aif~my tyg jgudg cg nftqôufg agt i~riufìcdfgt ouifuigcgt# Gt rg`gvugt hiugamugt, gqæ icqäm gruiticqgagt tme g omujg ai aiticnmt, rgttgugj g tiu uiruiticqgagt rmu omqmhugofgt# Gt ‐ofdngt ai dy`qyug‚ hgcngugj tfqygèùit ruôrufgt ai dicqum yuegcm, rgug ti gaiwyguij ji`nmu gm cmvm dmcqi~qm# Itqi ui`gqm jijôufg af| wyi ‐mt uity`qgamt meqfamt ij _f`g Ni`icg Jgufg omugj egtqgcqi rmtfqfvmt# Gritgu ai cäm qiujmt uig`f|gam yj itqyam jgft ufhmumtm ij ui`gèäm gmt uity`qgamt, yj euivi qugeg`nm ai gvg`fgèäm cm ofcg` ag i~riufìcdfg jmtqumy wyi ?6) amt g`ogeiqf|gcamt omugj dmctfaiugamt g`ogeiqf|gamt .dgrg|it ai ti dmjycfdguij rmu itdufqm&# G ivgtäm omf jyfqm riwyicg i tijrui jmqfvgag rmu jyagcèg ai jmugafg#‚
Jgqiufg` ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm * Ticihg` 61
M jitjm ui`gqm*jijôufg itqgei`idi rmttêvift jmqfvmt rgug mt uity`qgamt meqfamt, grmcqgcam icqui i`it< 7# Gt dmcafèùit ai vfag amt iaydgcamt ai _f`g Ni`icg Jgufg#
Mt gay`qmt gcg`ogeiqmt tijrui of|iugj rguqi ag rmry`gèäm jgft rmeui i i~r`mugag# Itqg gofujgèäm æ qgjeæj vç`fag ij ui`gèäm gmt iaydgcamt ai _f`g Ni`icg Jgufg# Jgt mt g`ogeiqf|gcamt i~iudfgj qugeg`nmt wyi `nit hgugcqfg m itticdfg` rgug vfviu# G tfqygèäm ai aitijruihm iug ugug# Qmamt jmugvgj ij dgtg ai g`vicgufg, rmu i`it dngjgag ai ‐dgtg ai jgqiufg`‚ i wyi fg duitdicam ai gdmuam dmj m afcnifum wyi g ogjê`fg dmctihyfg idmcmjf|gu# M tg`çufm riwyicm agvg rgug g g`fjicqgèäm eçtfdg# Mt gri`mt am dmctyjm cäm qfcngj gawyfufam gt tmoftqfdgèùit amt cmttmt afgt, m wyi, tij aüvfag, glyagvg g qmucgu yj rmydm jgfmuit mt tg`çufmt# Rmaiuêgjmt af|iu wyi mt g`ogeiqf|gcamt ai _f`g Ni`icg Jgufg qfcngj m ‐itrgèm cg dgeièg‚, ai wyi yjg g`ogeiqf|gcag ai nmli .7665& cmt af|, gm aitgegogu< ‐_icnm gwyf jgft ruç aftdgctç# Jfcng dgeièg qç dnifg< aitijruihm amt of`nmt, amicèg am vi`nm, afgeuyug amt jicfcmt, dmcoytäm dmj mt vf|fcnmt, og`qg ai afcnifum ruç qyam# Iy gdnm wyi tô wygcam itvg|fç yj rmydm g jfcng dgeièg æ wyi vgf qì `yhgu rugt `iqugt icquç#‚ 5# Yjg g`ogeiqf|gèäm dicqugag cm rictgu#
G i~riufìcdfg ai _f`g Ni`icg Jgufg qivi tydittm rmuwyi icqicaiy g rumrmtqg ai Rgy`m Ouifui dmjm gqm ai dmcnidiu g`hm jgfmu wyi g jijmuf|gèäm ai cyjiumtmt ‐eg, ei, ef, em, ey#‚ G diuqi|g ai wyi mt g`ogeiqf|gcamt iugj dgrg|it ai gruicaiu rmuwyi, dmjm côt, iugj dgrg|it ai rictgu, omf yj rmcqm ai nmcug am rumliqm# Itqg diuqi|g, wyi cmt vfcng am uidmcnidfjicqm ag rumayèäm dy`qyug` amt huyrmt rmry`guit, cmt gcfjgvg g aitgofç*`mt cg aitdmeiuqg amt ‐tihuiamt‚ ag itdufqg# Tgeêgjmt, qgjeæj, wyi m dgjfcnm am dmcnidiu rgttgvg ri`m 69
metiuvgu, dmjrgugu, afoiuicdfgu, dmcd`yfu, mriugèùit fcqi`idqygft cij tijrui itqfjy`gagt cg cmttg tmdfiagai# Dmj Ouifui gruicaijmt wyi g `ifqyug ag rg`gvug cäm rmafg itqgu afttmdfgag ag `ifqyug am jycam# Cm qugeg`nm ai _f`g Ni`icg Jgufg cäm qêcngjmt dguqf`ng, dmjrmuqgjicqm jyfqm icogqf|gam, cgwyi`g ærmdg, cgt i~riufìcdfgt fctrfugagt ij Rgy`m Ouifui, i vfvêgjmt cyjg ærmdg ij wyi mt jfjiôhugomt iugj rmydmt# G ^ium~ gfcag cäm ngvfg aitdmeiuqm m Eugtf`# Itqg grguicqi dguìcdfg ai jgqiufg` gdgemy cmt `ivgcam g dicqugu cmttgt gèùit ij qi~qmt wyi cäm omugj oifqmt rgug ictfcgu g `iu, jgt, tfj, rgug `iu# Cmt vg`ijmt ai lmucgft i uivftqgt# Tij qiu hugcai d`gui|g ag fjrmuqåcdfg am wyi itqçvgjmt og|icam, dicqugjmt cmttm qugeg`nm cg ruôrufg gèäm tmeui g itdufqg, m wyi omf jyfqm rmtfqfvm# 4# G jmqfvgèäm rm`êqfdg omujmy i jgcqivi m huyrm ai g`ogeiqf|gamuit#
M qugeg`nm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai _f`g Ni`icg Jgufg omf yj qêrfdm rumayqm ai ycfviutfqçufmt rm`fqfdgjicqi ichglgamt# G jmqfvgèäm wyi tytqicqgvg m huyrm, i wyi riujfqfy yjg aiafdgèäm gjr`g i ayugamyug gm rumliqm, cäm ti ithmqgvg cg qicqgqfvg ai grumrufgèäm ai yjg cmvg jiqmam`mhfg ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm# Iug, gcqit ai qyam, yj itomuèm ai rguqfdfrgèäm cyj rumdittm jgft gjr`m ai qugctomujgèäm tmdfg`# Itqg jmqfvgèäm rm`êqfdg tytqicqmy m `mchm i çuaym qugeg`nm ruirgugqôufm wyi gcqidiaiy mt 5 jitit ag g`ogeiqf|gèäm# Tiuvfy dmjm i`m ai `fhgèäm icqui mt rguqfdfrgcqit, fjriafcam wyi mt dmco`fqmt aitfcqihugttij m huyrm#
Eugtê`fg ‐G i~riufìcdfg ai Eugtê`fg qivi yjg itridfg` fjrmuqåcdfg aivfam g aygt dgugdqiuêtqfdgt rufcdfrgft< ‑ g rufjifug, rmu ti agu cg dgrfqg` rm`êqfdg i gajfcftqugqfvg am rgêt; 6?
‑ g tihycag, rmuwyi Eugtê`fg, tihycam tiyt faig`f|gamuit, aiviufg tiu „i`ijicqm dgqg`ftgamu ag idmcmjfg uihfmcg`, oy`dum am aiticvm`vfjicqm cgdfmcg` i dicqum ai fuugafgèäm rm`êqfdm* tmdfg`‖, rictgjicqm itqi wyi uio`iqfg g iyomufg aiticvm`vfjicqftqg ag ærmdg ai tyg dmctquyèäm#‚9 G i~riufìcdfg ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm qivi fcêdfm wygcam Rgy`m ai Qgutm, jfcftqum ag Iaydgèäm i Dy`qyug, fctqfqyfy lycqm gm tiy hgefciqi g Dmjfttäm Cgdfmcg` ai Dy`qyug Rmry`gu, dmj m meliqfvm ai ‐fjr`gcqgu ij åjefqm cgdfmcg` cmvmt tftqijgt iaydgdfmcgft ai dycnm ijfcicqijicqi rmry`gu, ai jmam g geugchiu çuigt cäm gqfchfagt ri`mt eicioêdfmt ag iaydgèäm‚ .Rmuqgufg Jfcftqiufg` c² 769, ai >-8-?4&# Ittg dmjfttäm ruitfafag rmu Rgy`m Ouifui tiufg m rgttm fcfdfg` agam ri`m JID rgug g fjr`gcqgèäm am R`gcm Cgdfmcg` ai G`ogeiqf|gèäm# Afgt airmft, myqug rmuqgufg dufmy g Dmjfttäm Uihfmcg` ai Dy`qyug Rmry`gu am Aftqufqm Oiaiug`, dmj m rumrôtfqm ai aiticvm`viu i gvg`fgu i~riufìcdfgt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm ij Eugtê`fg ri`m jæqmam Rgy`m Ouifui, rgug viufofdgèäm ag dmcvicfìcdfg ai gamèäm aitqi jæqmam ij cêvi` cgdfmcg`# G i~riufìcdfg, wyi ti itqicaiy gqæ m afg 47 ai jguèm ai ?1, omf aiticvm`vfag cgt dfagait*tgqæ`fqit am Hgjg, Tmeugafcnm, Dgcagchm`åcafg, Cüd`im Egcaifugcqi i cm Tiqmu ai @fjri|g Rüe`fdg# Ij qmamt itqit `mdgft omugj fctqg`gamt mt dêudy`mt ai dy`qyug ij fhuilgt, hg`rùit my itdm`gt, dmj m gy~ê`fm am ruôrufm huyrm fcqiuittgam# Jyfqmt oycdfmcgugj â `y| ai `gjrfùit i dmj jmef`fçufm fjrumvftgam dmj uidyutmt ag ruôrufg dmjycfagai# G afvy`hgèäm amt dyutmt iug oifqg gqugvæt ai g`qm*og`gcqit, fctqg`gamt ij viêdy`mt, wyi riudmuufgj gt dfagait*tgqæ`fqit# Rmu vçufgt vi|it, Rgy`m Ouifui uioiufy*ti ai omujg egtqgcqi rmtfqfvg â faæfg ai dufgèäm ai yj dmjêdfm, uig`f|gam ij Tmeugafcnm, rgug g afvy`hgèäm amt huyrmt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm# Citqi dmjêdfm omf oifqg yjg aijmctqugèäm am oycdfmcgjicqm am Qi~qm tijfcçufm< Rgy`m Ouifui i g Iaydgèäm Eugtf`ifug, ri`g Ouicqi Dy`qyug` ai Eugtê`fg — tiqijeum ai 76>5#
9
68
Dêudy`m ai Dy`qyug# Yj gcfjgamu rumliqgvg t`fait dmj rg`gvugt hiugamugt i jgcqfcng jgcqfcng dmj g r`gqæfg yjg aftdyttäm ij qmucm ag fjrmuqåcdfg ai tgeiu `iu i itduiviu i ag jiqmam`mhfg wyi tiufg ytgag cm qugeg`nm, ruitqit g dmjiègu#
Dêudy`m ai Dy`qyug * Eugtê`fg, 76?1
Mt dmmuaicgamuit amt huyrmt omugj dgrgdfqgamt ri`m JID wyi lç ngvfg ti fcdyjefam ag fctdufèäm i ti`ièäm aitqit oyqyumt g`ogeiqf|gamuit# Gdmcqidicam ij Eugtê`fg, vçufmt huyrmt omugj vftfqgamt qgcqm ri`m jfcftqum Rgy`m ai Qgutm dmjm rmu Rgy`m Ouifui# Cyjg aitqgt vftfqgt, m jfcftqum gttftqfy m jmjicqm ij wyi, grôt g aftdyttäm ag rg`gvug hiugamug qflm`m , m iaydgamu dngjmy g gqicèäm amt iaydgcamt rgug m itqyam agt ogjê`fgt tf`çefdgt am q f , a m lm l m i a m ` m # Ugrfagjicqi, yj amt g`ogeiqf|gcamt, aijmctqugcam lç qiu gruiicafam m jidgcftjm ag `ifqyug, `ifqyug, lycqmy gt tê`gegt i omujmy, cyjg `fchyghij eij rmry`gu, g ougti< ‐qy lç `i‚# 6>
Rgy`m Ouifui .qiucm itdyum& vftfqg Dêudy`m ai Dy`qyug * Eugtê`fg, 76?1
Fcoi`f|jicqi, m vicagvg` wyi gttm`my m rgêt g rguqfu ai ?1, itrg`nmy, gruiicaiy i aitquyfy g jgfmu rguqit amt uihftqumt i jgqiufgft yqf`f|gamt qgcqm cg i~riufìcdfg ai Eugtê`fg, dmjm cgt aijgft wyi ti aiugj gcqit#
M rumdittm ag g`ogeiqf|gèäm Ogti ruirgugqôufg ruirgugqôufg — . gcmt ?2 &
M rumdittm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm rumrmtqm rmu Rgy`m Ouifui rguqfg am ruittyrmtqm ai wyi qmag rittmg, g`ogeiqf|gag my cäm, qug|fg dmcnidfjicqmt cgtdfamt agt afoiuicqit ui`gèùit qugvgagt rmu itqg rittmg ayugcqi g tyg vfag# Itqit dmcnidfjicqmt dmctqfqyêgj g jgqæufg rufjg rgug m gruicaf|gam ag itdufqg# Gttfj, iug cidittçufm tgeiu wyg` m ycfviutm ai dmcnidfjicqmt amt g`ogeiqf|gcamt# Qugeg`ngcam dmj gttycqmt am fcqiuitti amt gruicaf|it Rgy`m hgugcqfg m afç`mhm dmjm fctquyjicqm riaghôhfdm# Qmamt 66
qìj m wyi af|iu wygcqm m qijg ji~i dmj g hicqi, dmj g cmttg dyufmtfagai# Rgug g uig`f|gèäm aitqg g`ogeiqf|gèäm iug cidittçufm yj qugeg`nm ai ruirgugèäm wyi dmjruiicafg 9 iqgrgt< ‑ @ivgcqgjicqm am ycfviutm vmdgey`gu amt huyrmt dmj wyi ti fg qugeg`ngu# ‑ Ti`ièäm agt rg`gvugt hiugamugt am ycfviutm vmdgey`gu ritwyftgam# ‑ Dufgèäm ai tfqygèùit i~ftqicdfgft am huyrm, tfqygèùit wyi geuij rmttfef`fagai ai gcç`fti agt wyitqùit rittmgft, uihfmcgft, cgdfmcgft# ‑ I`gemugèäm ai ofdngt* umqifumt# ‑ Dmcoidèäm agt ofdngt dmj gt ogjê`fgt tf`çefdgt agt rg`gvugt hiugamugt# 7# @ivgcqgjicqm am ycfviutm vmdgey`gu
Ouifui tijrui fctftqfy wyi gt rg`gvugt g tiuij itqyagagt cg g`ogeiqf|gèäm my ‐rg`gvugt hiugamugt‚ aiviufgj tgfu ‐ai yjg ritwyftg oifqg cg çuig mcai ti agufg g g`ogeiqf|gèäm g`ogeiqf|gèäm i cycdg ai yjg efe`fmqidg‚# Af|fg wyi cäm ti qugqgvg ai yjg ritwyftg ai g`qm ufhmu dficqêofdm, jgt ai yjg omujg ai ti meqiu gt rg`gvugt jgft tfhcfofdgqfvgt rgug g rmry`gèäm g tiu g`ogeiqf|gag# Yj ui`gqm ag ærmdg af| wyi< Omjmt jyfqm eij uidiefamt cgt icquivftqgt, rgug m `ivgcqgjicqm am ycfviutm vmdgey`gu# Êgjmt ai dgtg ij dgtg, cmt gruiticqçvgjmt dmjm itqyagcqit wyi fufgj uig`f|gu yj qugeg`nm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai gay`qmt cm egfuum# Af|êgjmt wyi itqçvgjmt fcqiuittgamt ij dmcnidiu ji`nmu m `yhgu i gt rittmgt wyi jmugvgj `ç# Riuhycqçvgjmt, icqäm, nç wygcqm qijrm jmugvg ij _f`g Ni`icg Jgufg, ti dmcnidfg g`hyj gcg`ogeiqm gay`qm rmu g`f, wygft gt mrmuqycfagait ai qugeg`nm i~ftqicqit rmu `ç ### @mhm, g dmcviutg ofdgvg gcfjgag i gt rittmgt fgj og`gcam 722
i dmcqgcam ogqmt ai tyg vfag, g vfag amt vf|fcnmt i am egfuum# Qêcngjmt m dyfagam ai cäm fu itduivicam cgag cg ouicqi am icquivftqgam, jgt gricgt fu hyguagcam cg jijôufg mt gttycqmt, m lifqm ai og`gu, gt rg`gvugt i i~ruittùit ytgagt# @mhm ij tihyfag, og|êgjmt gt gcmqgèùit#?
Iujg Tqy`q| * @mt jgcmt ai` tgeiu * DIGG@ * Dnf`i 5# Ti`ièäm ai rg`gvugt hiugamugt
Dmj m jgqiufg` ritwyftgam, dnihgvg g nmug ai itdm`niu gt rg`gvugt wyi tiufgj yqf`f|gagt cm qugeg`nm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm# Yjg rg`gvug æ hiugamug wygcam rmttfef`fqg yj rumdittm ai dmcnidfjicqm, wygcam dmctqfqyf yj itqêjy`m fcqi`idqyg` i ?
Amft g`ogeiqf|gamuit gcqit am hm`ri ai 76?1 76? 1 —_f`g Ni`icg Ni`icg Jgufg, Mtgtdm .jfjim&# 727
goiqfvm# Ytgagt cm Dêudy`m ai Dy`qyug, aiviufgj tiu omcqi omcqi ai jmqfvgèäm rmuwyi `ijeugvgj tfqygèùit i~ftqicdfgft ag uig`fagai i ag ruôrufg vfag amt g`ogeiqf|gcamt# Rgug itqg ti`ièäm ngvfg afoiuicqit dufqæufmt< ‑ ufwyi|g omcæqfdg — gt rg`gvugt aiviufgj dmcqiu qmamt mt omcijgt ag `êchyg rmuqyhyitg; ‑ afofdy`agait omcæqfdgt — gt rg`gvugt itdm`nfagt aiviufgj uitrmcaiu ât afofdy`agait omcæqfdgt ag `êchyg, dm`mdgagt cyjg tiwðìcdfg hugagqfvg; ‑ gtridqm rughjçqfdm ag rg`gvug — gt rg`gvugt aiviufgj rmttyfu omuqi icqumtgjicqm dmj g uig`fagai tmdfg`, rm`êqfdg i dy`qyug`# Qiu yjg `mchg `ftqg ai rg`gvugt ytgagt ri`g rmry`gèäm am `yhgu mcai fg ti agu g g`ogeiqf|gèäm iug oycagjicqg`, jgt cäm m tyofdficqi# Iug ruidftm itdm`niu aitqg `ftqg gt wyi rmaiufgj tiuvfu dmjm hiugamugt# Aidfafjmt ytgu dmjm dufqæufm< g rg`gvug aiviufg itqgu ui`gdfmcgag dmj tfqygèùit jyfqm tfhcfofdgqfvgt rgug mt jmugamuit gcg`ogeiqmt; g rmttfef`fagai ai itqg rg`gvugt hiugu vçufgt myqugt ri`g dmjefcgèäm ai tygt ogjê`fgt tf`çefdgt; tiu rmttêvi` uiruiticqgu cyj t`fai .omqm& m tiy tfhcfofdgam; m dmclycqm agt rg`gvugt ti`idfmcgagt aiviufg dmcqiu mt omcijgt ag cmttg `êchyg# I, cm ofcg`, dnihgjmt ât cmttgt 7? rg`gvugt hiugamugt< qflm`m, rmvm ‑ vmqm, oifug, eguugdm, jçwyfcg, tguf`nm, itdm`g, tg`çufm, d`gtti, dm|fcnifug, ic~gag, dgdngèg, ruitqgèäm, ijruihm ‑ efdfd`iqg# 4# Dufgèäm ai tfqygèùit i~ftqicdfgft am huyrm, wyi geuij rmttfef`fagai ai gcç`fti agt wyitqùit rittmgft, uihfmcgft, cgdfmcgft
Gt rg`gvugt hiugamugt, lç ti`idfmcgagt, tiuvfgj ai uioiuìcdfg rgug dufgèäm ai tfqygèùit wyi riujfqfttij m tiy aiegqi# 725
G dgag tfqygèäm dmuuitrmcafg yjg rg`gvug, i~gqgjicqi gwyi`g wyi grguidfg dmj i`g# Ouifui ti uioiufg g itqgt tfqygèùit dmjm ‐tfqygèùit* rume`ijgt dmafofdgagt wyi hyguagj ij tf fcomujgèùit wyi tiuäm aitdmafofdgagt ri`m huyrm dmj g dm`gemugèäm am iaydgamu#‚ Gt i~riufìcdfgt ai Gchfdmt i ai Uidfoi qfviugj tygt rg`gvugt hiugamugt uiruiticqgagt rmu aiticnmt# Jgt gdnçvgjmt wyi ofdgufg ji`nmu ti ytçttijmt omqmhugofgt# Rumdyugjmt yj gjfhm dmjyj g vçufgt rittmgt am cmttm huyrm i i~di`icqi omqôhugom rumofttfmcg`# M ogqm ai tiu gjfhm iug fjrmuqgcqi rmuwyi gqæ gwyi`i jmjicqm cäm i~ftqfgj uidyutmt ofcgcdifumt rgug egcdgu g i~riufìcdfg# M ^gvfiu omf dmcvicdfam ag fjrmuqåcdfg am qugeg`nm i ‐`ivgam‚ g dm`gemugu# G faæfg ai ytgu g omqmhugofg ti uivi`my gdiuqgag jgt aiy egtqgcqi qugeg`nm gqæ uitm`viu qmagt gt afofdy`agait tyuhfagt dmjm, rmu i~ijr`m, g omujg ai dm`gu g rg`gvug aicqum ag omqmhugofg, g ui`gèäm icqui gt `iqugt i oycam ###
Jgqiufg` ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm * _iuiag, 76>2 724
Jgqiufg` ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm * _iuiag, 76>2 1# I`gemugèäm ai ofdngt*umqifumt
Rmu ti qugqgu ai yjg jiqmam`mhfg afoiuicqi ag i~riufjicqgag cm jmai`m itdm`gu, iug fjrmuqgcqi i`gemugu ‐umqifumt‚ rgug glyagu m iaydgamu# Ci`it ngvfg fcafdgèùit ai rmttêvift tyeqijgt `fhgamt ât rg`gvugt hiugamugt i tyhitqùit ai icdgjfcngjicqmt rgug g gcç`fti amt qijgt ti`idfmcgamt# Ijemug omttij gricgt tyhitqùit, itqit umqifumt iugj ai hugcai vg`fg, rufcdfrg`jicqi cm fcêdfm am qugeg`nm wygcam m g`ogeiqf|gamu iug qgjeæj fcfdfgcqi# 9# Dmcoidèäm agt ofdngt dmj gt ogjê`fgt tf`çefdgt agt rg`gvugt hiugamugt
Rg`gvugt ti`idfmcgagt, tfqygèùit tmdfm`ôhfdgt dufgagt, ngvfg gfcag g cidittfagai ag dmctquyèäm ai ofdngt rgug m itqyam agt ogjê`fgt omcæqfdgt# Itqgt ofdngt omujgvgj yjg tæufi mcai ti vfg< 7* g rg`gvug tm|fcng< CM_I@G 721
5 * g rg`gvug tirgugag ij tê`gegt< CM _I @G
4 * gt ogjê`fgt omcæqfdgt, yjg g yjg< CG CI CF CM CY _G _I _F _M _M _Y @G @I @F @M @Y
1 * wygaum dmj m dmclycqm agt ogjê`fgt qugeg`ngagt< g ofdng ag aitdmeiuqg, cmji agam rmu Gyuicfdi Dguamtm g itqg ofdng rmuwyi riujfqfg aitdmeufu m jidgcftjm jidgcftjm ag omujgèäm agt rg`gvugt itdufqgt< CG CI CF CM CY _G _I _F _M _Y @G @I @F @M @Y G
I
F
M
Y
Gt Ofdngt ai Dy`qyugt Mt g`ogeiqf|gcamt gay`qmt rmttyij, omuqijicqi fcqumliqgag ri`g faim`mhfg, g faæfg ai wyi cäm qìj Dy`qyug# Rgug i`it, gricgt gt rittmgt wyi itqyagugj æ wyi täm rumayqmugt i rmuqgamugt ai Dy`qyug# Rgug tyriugu itqg vftäm uitqufqg wyi g`fjicqg yjg gqfqyai ai fcoiufmufagai, Rgy`m Ouifui tftqijgqf|my i dmafofdmy ij g`hyjgt fjghict m dmcdifqm gcqumrm`ôhfdm ai Dy`qyug# Ci`i g Dy`qyug æ dmcdifqygag dmjm qmag g rumayèäm nyjgcg# M dmclycqm aitqit dôafhmt, wyi uidieiy m cmji ai Ofdngt 729
ai Dy`qyug, iug gruiticqgam gmt g`ogeiqf|gcamt rgug wyi, itqfjy`gamt ri`mt g`ogeiqf|gamuit, i`it gt aitdmafofdgttij#
M ytm agt Ofdngt ai Dy`qyug Gt Ofdngt ai Dy`qyug cäm iugj f`ytqugèùit rgug g og`g am iaydgamu# Ri`m dmcquçufm, iugj dmafofdgèùit, ij omujg ai hugvyug, ai faæfgt wyi aiviufgj tiu aitdmafofdgagt ri`mt iaydgcamt# Mt g`ogeiqf|gcamt, vicam i aftdyqfcam dgag yjg agt hugvyugt, fgj qfugcam tygt dmcd`ytùit tmeui m tfhcfofdgam ai`gt# Jgft am wyi ftqm, gt hugvyugt iugj m i`ijicqm aiqmcgamu am rumdittm ai gcç`fti ag uig`fagai# M iaydgamu wyi gdmjrgcngvg m rumdittm ai aitdmafofdgèäm og|fg riuhycqgt i itqfjy`gvg mt g`ogeiqf|gcamt g qug|iu rgug g dmcviutg gt tygt ruôrufgt i~riufìcdfgt rittmgft tmeui m wyi ti aftdyqfg# Ij rmydm qijrm, cäm iugj jgft gt hugvyugt, jgt mt dmcnidfjicqmt i i~riufìcdfgt wyi ti qmucgvgj m if~m ag uio`i~äm#
M rumdittm ai aitdmafofdgèäm agt Ofdngt ai Dy`qyug M iaydgamu fcfdfgvg g aftdyttäm gruiticqgcam g hugvyug my m t`fai i og|icam riuhycqgt am qfrm ‐M wyi itqgjmt vicam gê=‚ Cm rufjifum jmjicqm tyuhfg g aitdufèäm ag hugvyug, itqfjy`gag dmj cmvgt fcaghgèùit< ‐I m wyi jgft=‚ Ouiwyicqijicqi, itrmcqgcigjicqi my rmu tyhitqäm am iaydgamu, m huyrm rgttgvg g ui`gdfmcgu m vftqm cm aiticnm dmj tfqygèùit dmcduiqgt ag i~riufìcdfg afçufg# Ithmqgag g aitdufèäm, m huyrm iug dmcvfagam ri`m iaydgamu g qug|iu dmcqufeyfèùit ruôrufgt, riuhycqgcam< ‐_mdìt tgeij ai myqugt dmftgt fhygft my rguidfagt dmj itqgt=‚ my ‐_mdìt tgeij ai myqugt dmftgt dmjm itqgt=‚ Rmydm g rmydm mt rguqfdfrgcqit dmjiègvgj g qug|iu tygt dmcqufeyfèùit rittmgft# M iaydgamu qgjeæj itqfjy`gvg g aftdyttäm i m grumoycagjicqm dmj 72?
riuhycqgt am qfrm< ‐M wyi vmdìt gdngj am wyi i`i aftti=‚ my riuhycqgt itqfjy`gamugt am rictgu dmjm ‐Rmu wyi=‚, ‐Dmjm omf=‚, ‐I~r`fwyi ji`nmu=‚ iqd# Ofcg`jicqi, dgefg gm iaydgamu ivfqgu wyi gt aftdyttùit oyhfttij am qijg eij dmjm muaicgu, cm ofcg`, gt dmcd`ytùit am huyrm# Gt Ofdngt ai Dy`qyug cycdg iugj aftdyqfagt qmagt ij yj tô afg, my dmj jgft gdiuqm, ij yjg tô cmfqi, yjg vi| wyi wygti qmamt mt dyutmt iugj cm riuêmam cmqyucm# Dmtqyjifugjicqi gt aftdyttùit `ivgvgj yjg tijgcg# Jyfqgt vi|it, g riafam amt g`ogeiqf|gcamt, iugj uiruftgagt g`hyj qijrm airmft# 7g ofdng< Mt Tiuit Nyjgcmt cm Jycam i dmj m Jycam# Cgqyui|g i Dy`qyug
O# Euiccgca * 76?4 7 6?4
Itqg rufjifug dmafofdgèäm gruiticqgvg i`ijicqmt .meliqmt& ag Cgqyui|g i i`ijicqmt .meliqmt& ag Dy`qyug# Dmj tyg aitdmafofdgèäm, tijrui itqfjy`gag ri`m iaydgamu, ti ruiqicafg wyi mt iaydgcamt riudieittij my uidmcnidittij wyi< ‑ i~ftqi yjg aftqfcèäm icqui g Cgqyui|g i g Dy`qyug; g 728
Cgqyui|g æ m jycam wyi mt tiuit nyjgcmt cäm og|ij i g Dy`qyug æ m jycam oifqm ri`gt jy`niuit i nmjict; ‑ mt tiuit nyjgcmt yqf`f|gj g cgqyui|g rgug og|iu Dy`qyug; ‑ gm ghfu tmeui g Cgqyui|g, mt nmjict i jy`niuit gruicaij i rumay|ij dmcnidfjicqmt; ‑ qyam m wyi mt tiuit nyjgcmt rumay|ij, fcd`ytfvi mt dmcnidfjicqmt, `ivg m cmji ai Dy`qyug; ‑ qmagt gt jy`niuit i nmjict rumay|ij i qìj Dy`qyug# 5g ofdng * G Qugctomujgèäm ag Cgqyui|g ri`gt Jy`niuit i Nmjict
O# Euiccgca * 76?4 7 6?4
Itqg tihycag ofdng æ yj aiqg`ngjicqm am rufjifug# Ci`g uigrguidi m nmjij dmj g`hyjgt agt tygt meugt# Tiy meliqfvm æ aftdyqfu g dgytg i m rumdittm ri`m wyg` m tiuit nyjgcmt og|ij Dy`qyug# Dmj riuhycqgt am qfrm< ‐Rmu wyi omf oifqm m rmèm= Wyij r`gcqmy g çuvmui= Rgug wyi r`gcqmy= Rmu wyi r`gcqmy cgwyi`i `yhgu= Dmjm itdm`niy wyg` çuvmui r`gcqgu= Wyi jgqiufgft omugj 72>
ytgamt rgug dmctquyfu g dgtg=Rmu wyi=‚, ti gcg`ftgvg m wygcqm g tgqftogèäm agt cidittfagait fjry`tfmcgvg g rumayèäm ai Dy`qyug# 4g, 1g i 9g ofdngt * G Nftqmufdfagai Nftqmufdfagai ag Dy`qyug
O# Euiccgca Euiccgca * 76?4 726
O# Euiccgca * 76?4 7 6?4
Citqgt quìt dmafofdgèùit g faæfg æ riujfqfu g aftdyttäm am dguçqiu nftqôufdm ag Dy`qyug# G dmafofdgèäm jgft ouiwyicqi aitqg faæfg aiy*ti qicam dmjm i`ijicqm ai dmjrgugèäm dicgt ai dgèg# Cg rufjifug dmafofdgèäm, yj êcafm dgègvg dmj tiy gudm i o`idng# Cg tihycag, yj dgègamu jgft jmaiucm dmj yjg itrfchguag i, cg qiudifug, yj hgqm dmj tiy iqiucm i dmctqgcqi lifqm ai dgègu ugqmt# G aitdmafofdgèäm dmj mt g`ogeiqf|gcamt riujfqi itqgei`idiu wyi< ‥ g Dy`qyug jmafofd jmafofdg*ti g*ti cm qijrm, qijrm, my tilg, æ nftqôufdg nftqôufdg;; ‥ gt gèùit gèùit nyjgcgt itqäm itqäm cyj dmcqêcym rumdittm rumdittm ai jyagcèg, afoiuicqijicqi agt omujgt ai ghfu amt myqumt gcfjgft; ‥ mt tiuit nyjgcmt, rmu tiuij nftqôufdmt, nftqôufdmt, rmttyij yj mcqij, yj nmli i yj gjgcnä# Jyfqgt vi|it g aftdyttäm og|fg riudieiu g rmttfef`fagai 772
nyjgcg ai ytgu tyg dufgqfvfagai i tiy qugeg`nm rgug qugctomujgu dgag vi| jgft g cgqyui|g# Riujfqfg qgjeæj g uio`i~äm æqfdg tmeui itqgt qugctomujgèùit# ?g ofdng * M Qugeg`nm dmjm I`ijicqm ag Qugctomujgèäm ag Cgqyui|g
O# Euiccgca * 76?4 7 6?4
Itqg ofdng ai dy`qyug rumdyugvg uithgqgu g fjrmuqåcdfg am qugeg`nm dmjm i`ijicqm ai qugctomujgèäm ag cgqyui|g i rumayèäm dy`qyug`# Ij vçufgt agt rufjifugt i~riufìcdfgt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm ytmy*ti g i~ruittäm ‐Dy`qyug Jgqiufg`‚ rgug fcafdgu m qfrm ai dy`qyug gwyf gruiticqgam, g dy`qyug wyi ti dmcduiqf|gvg ij meliqmt rg`rçvift# M iaydgamu rumrycng wyitqùit am qfrm< ‐Dmjm omf oifqm= Rgug wyi omf oifqm= Rmu wyij omf oifqm=‚, oifqm=‚, rgug glyagu m rumdittm ai aitdmafofdgèäm#
777
8g ofdng * G Guqi i g Ei`i|g dmjm dmjm I`ijicqmt Dy`qyugft
O# Euiccgca * 76?4 7 6?4
G ofdng ai dy`qyug gcqiufmu aitqgdgvg wyi m qugeg`nm jmafofdg g cgqyui|g rumay|fcam meliqmt cidittçufmt â vfag# Itqg cmvg ofdng ruiqicai rñu ij aftdyttäm yjg agt dgugdqiuêtqfdgt am og|iu nyjgcm< g fcqicèäm ai og|iu ai omujg emcfqg# G itqæqfdg æ, qgjeæj, rumayèäm dy`qyug`# M diugjftqg gm og|iu m lguum itdm`ni g omujg wyi aguç g i`i, tygt dmuit, iqd# Cäm og| gricgt yj airôtfqm ai o`muit# Ftqm qgjeæj æ Dy`qyug# M g`ogeiqf|gamu ti vg`fg ai riuhycqgt am qfrm< ‐Rgug wyi itqg rittmg qugeg`ng m eguum= Rmu wyi og| vgtm ai afoiuicqit omujgamt i dmuit= Dmjm itdm`ni g omujg wyi vgf agu gm vgtm= Cm wyi rictg gm itdm`niu gt dmuit my g aiticnm wyi dm`mdguç c tyg rumayèäm= Rmu wyi gt rittmgt rfcqgj tygt dgtgt, icoifqgj tygt umyrgt###=‚
775
>g ofdng * G @fqiugqyug dmjm I`ijicqm Dy`qyug`
O# Euiccgca * 76?4 7 6?4
Gjr`fgcam g aftdyttäm tmeui m qijg, itqg ofdng gruiticqg yjg rmitfg rgug aitqgdgu g itdufqg i g `fqiugqyug qgjeæj dmjm jgcfoitqgèäm dy`qyug`, dmjm dmctquyèäm nyjgcg wyi omf ti agcam gm `mchm am qijrm rgug rmttfef`fqgu m uihftqum agt gèùit, uio`i~ùit i ticqfjicqmt# Rgug g aitdmafofdgèäm m iaydgamu, airmft ai `iu g rmitfg, riuhycqgvg gm huyrm ti g rmitfg iug my cäm dy`qyug i rmu wyi gttfj dmctfaiugvgj# Cg aftdyttäm qmucg*ti ruiticqi wyi g rmitfg uitrmcai g yjg cidittfagai afoiuicqi agwyi`g wyi `ivmy â dmctquyèäm am rmèm my am vgtm# Airmft ai dm`mdgu cg aftdyttäm vçufmt gtridqmt ag dufgèäm guqêtqfdg, cäm tô cg çuig ag rmitfg, m iaydgamu vm`qgvg g `iu m qi~qm wyi ti qmucgvg, qgjeæj, meliqm ai gcç`fti#
774
6g * Mt Rgauùit ai Dmjrmuqgjicqm dmjm Rumayèäm Dy`qyug`
O# Euiccgca * 76?4 7 6?4
Yj amt meliqfvmt aitqg ofdng æ dgugdqiuf|gu mt rgauùit ai dmjrmuqgjicqm dmjm jgcfoitqgèäm dy`qyug`# M lifqm ai vitqfu, ai og`gu, g omujg ai rictgu, mt dmtqyjit `fhgamt â g`fjicqgèäm, jmugafg, täm g`hyct gtridqmt aitqit rgauùit# M iaydgamu, airmft ai itqfjy`gu m huyrm g faicqfofdgu g`hyjgt aitqgt vgufgèùit ai dmjrmuqgjicqm, rumrùi g eytdg ai i~r`fdgèùit rgug i`gt# Mt rguqfdfrgcqit itqgei`idij ui`gèùit icqui itqit rgauùit i m qfrm ai qugeg`nm aiticvm`vfam, m d`fjg i mt rumayqmt ai dgag uihfäm# G dmafofdgèäm jgft ouiwðicqi jmtqugvg yj vgwyifum am Cmuaitqi i yj hgüdnm am Ty`# Dmj riuhycqgt dmjm< ‐Rmu wyi vitqij gttfj= Rmaijmt fjghfcgu m wyi og|ij= Ai wyi omujg=###‚ Rgy`m, cm `fvum Iaydgèäm dmjm ruçqfdg ag `feiuagai, dmcqg 771
qiu itdyqgam ai yj g`ogeiqf|gcam m dmjicqçufm< ‐_ijmt gê qugafèùit ai aygt uihfùit eugtf`ifugt# Qugafèùit ai vitqfu# Jgt, gcqit ai ti omujgu gt qugafèùit, nmyvi yjg cidittfagai ai vitqfu gttfj ‑ yj, dmj umyrg wyicqi, myqum, dmj umyrg humttg ai dmyum# Ât vi|it, rgttg g cidittfagai, jgt ofdg g qugafèäm#‚ 72 g ofdng — M Dêudy`m ai Dy`qyug < yj Jmjicqm ai Rumayèäm Dy`qyug`
O# Euiccgca * 76?4 7 6?4
Itqg ofdng aitqgdg m Dêudy`m ai Dy`qyug, ftqm æ, m ruôrufm qugeg`nm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm ij wyi m huyrm itqç icvm`vfam# M meliqfvm æ m ai gcg`ftgu g dy`qyug dmjm gwyftfèäm tftqijçqfdg ai dmcnidfjicqm# M oycdfmcgjicqm am Dêudy`m ai Dy`qyug æ dm`mdgam ij aftdyttäm, icogqf|gcam*ti m qugeg`nm ai uio`i~äm dmjm jmqmu am qugeg`nm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm, g fjrmuqåcdfg am afç`mhm i m dguçqiu afcåjfdm agam g itqg cmvg omujg ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm# Rmu tiuij dgrg|it ai rictgu tmeui m jycam oifqm rgug uiog|ì*`m ji`nmu, mt rguqfdfrgcqit am Dêudy`m ai Dy`qyug ti riudiefgj dgrg|it ai amjfcgu g itdufqg, gawyfufcam cmvg i rmaiumtg omujg ai dmjycfdgèäm# 779
M Dêudy`m ai Dy`qyug M rumdittm ag g`ogeiqf|gèäm .gcmt ?2& Fctdufèùit oifqgt, huyrm omujgam, `mdg` ruirgugam, dnihgvg g nmug ag gèäm# G aftdyttäm ij qmucm agt ofdngt ai dy`qyug dy`qyug fcfdfgvg gt gqfvfagait cmt Dêudy`mt ai Dy`qyug# 8 7 — Gruiticqgèäm i aftdyttäm agt ofdngt ai dy`qyug
M qugeg`nm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm dmji* ègvg dmj g gruiticqgèäm i aftdyttäm agt ofdngt ai dy`qyug, wyi dmafofdgvgj ai jm* am meliqfvm faæfgt fjrmuqgcqit rgug wyij dmjiègvg g gruicaiu g `iu i itduiviu< ‑ g faæfg ai wyi iugj dy`qmt, rmuwyi og|fgj dy`qyug; ‑ wyi iugj dgrg|it ai gruicaiu; ‑ wyi cäm iugj fcoiufmuit gmt iaydgamuit# Cm Dêudy`m ai Dy`qyug, m jgfmu fjrgdqm omf dgytgam ri`g aitdmeiuqg ai wygcqmt dmcnidfjicqmt dgag yj qug|fg# Ngvfg qgjeæj tytqm ij ui`gèäm gm vg`mu aitqi tgeiu# > 5 — Gruiticqgèäm ag tfqygèäm ui`gqfvg â rg`gvug hiugamug
Dmj g rumlièäm ag omqm am qijg hiugamu .qflm`m&, dmjiègjmt g dmcviutgu tmeui g uig`fagai `fhgag g i`g# ‑ M wyi itqgjmt vicam, citqg omqmhugofg= I tijrui dmjiègvgj g tyuhfu cmjit ai dmftgt wyi grguidfgj cm omqm# Ai uiricqi, g`hyæj guuftdgvg yj dmjicqçufm, my jitjm, yjg nftqôufg, yj dgtm# Cmji agam rmu Ouifui gm huyrm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm# G aicmjfcgèäm afoiuicdfgag ag ytyg` cm tftqijg itdm`gu uiomuègvg gt afoiuicègt wyi wy i g cmvg jiqmam`mhfg qug|fg#
8
>
Amft g`ogeiqf|gamuit gcqit am hm`ri ai 76?1 —_f`g —_f`g Ni`icg Jgufg, Mtgtdm .jfjim&#
77?
‑ Æ yj nmji wyf qç glyagcam og|ì g dgtg ag rufjg ai`i# Rumcqm# Egtqgvg yj dmjicqçufm dmjm itqi rgug wyi qmamt itwyidittij mt aiqg`nit ag omqmhugofg rgug qug|iu m gttycqm rgug g tfqygèäm i g i~riufìcdfg ai`it< m ruièm g`qm ag dmctquyèäm, am qiuuicm, am jgqiufg`; g vfag ai riauifum; g jgujfqg wyi g jy`niu am riauifum og| ai jgauyhgag; g dmctquyqmug mcai jyfqmt wyiuij dmctihyfu qugeg`nm rmuwyi qugqg ji`nmu tiyt ijruihgamt; g ogeufdgèäm amjætqfdg ai qflm`mt# G rguqfdfrgèäm cgt aftdyttùit aftdyttùit omf cyj cyj duitdicam# duitdicam# Aitai m dmjièm, g`hyjgt rittmgt jmtqugvgj ogdf`fagait rgug af|iu tygt faæfgt i ticqfjicqmt# Mt jgft qêjfamt dmjiègvgj af|icam gricgt m wyi qfcngj jgft tihyugcèg# Gduiafqm wyi g ricyjeug dufgag ri`m rumliqmu glyamy g vicdiu m jiam ai og`gu# 4 — Gruiticqgèäm ag rg`gvug cg tfqygèäm qijçqfdg
QFLM@M
Wygcam ti ithmqgvg g aftdyttäm ij qmucm ag tfqygèäm qijçqfdg, m iaydgamu dngjgvg g gqicèäm amt iaydgcamt rgug g rg`gvug fctiufag cg omqm, aiticnm my myqum dôafhm wyi tiuvfy rgug aftdyttäm# I`i eytdgvg itqgei`idiu m vêcdy`m icqui g rg`gvug i m meliqm gm wyg` og|
uioiuìcdfg# ‐ Cmttg' Dmjm cyjg cyjg rg`gvufcng rg`gvufcng ai qäm rmydg `iqug rmai dgei qgcqm gttycqm aicqum'‚ _iu g rg`gvug i aitdmeufu m tiy tfhcfofdgam tijrui fctqfhmy mt iaydgcamt, am Dêudy`m ai Dy`qyug ij wyi itqgvg# G`hyct lç dmcnidfgj g`hyjgt rg`gvugt i ofdgvgj gajfugamt ai icdmcqugu gt jitjgt `iqugt ij afoiuicqit rg`gvugt# Ugrfagjicqi fgj jgudgcam gt fcfdfgft i rmu i`gt fgj uidmcnidicam gt rg`gvugt lç itqyagagt# 778
1 — Gruiticqgèäm ag rg`gvug afvfafag ij tê`gegt
Dmcqfcygcam m qugeg`nm dmj g itdufqg ag rg`gvug hiugamug, riaêgjmt gmt QF * LM * @M iaydgcamt wyi metiuvgttij m jmvfjicqm wyi g cmttg emdg og|fg wygcam og`çvgjmt, rmu i~ijr`m, qflm`m# Wyi cmqgttij dmjm rumcycdfçvgjmt g rg`gvug ij quìt rguqit< qf — lm — `m# G rguqfu agê, og|êgjmt g ui`gèäm icqui g tê`geg og`gag i tyg itdufqg gruiticqgag cg rumlièäm# Riudieiu gt afvftùit cg nmug ai og`gu iug yjg gqfvfagai egtqgcqi tfjr`it, rugqfdgjicqi cfchyæj ti ichgcgvg# Icquiqgcqm, grmcqgu my `iu, cm itdufqm, gwyi`gt tê`gegt iug yjg myqug nftqôufg# Rgug jyfqmt iaydgcamt, tô dmj m dmcnidfjicqm ai vçufgt rg`gvugt hiugamugt itqg wyitqäm ag afvftäm tf`çefdg omf ti qmucgcam jgft oçdf`# 9 — Gruiticqgèäm agt ogjê`fgt tf`çefdgt wyi dmjrùij g rg`gvug hiugamug
QG QI QF QM QY
LG LI LF LM LY
@G @I @F @M @Y
G qicqgqfvg ai jijmuf|gu jidgcfdgjicqi itqgt tiwyìcdfgt iug jyfqm hugcai, rguidfg yjg metittäm# Jgt, fjeyêamt wyi itqçvgjmt amt ictfcgjicqmt ai Rgy`m Ouifui, `yqçvgjmt rmu uig`f|gu gqfvfagait ui`gdfmcgagt gm rictgu< metiuvgu, riudieiu tiji`ngcègt i afoiuicègt icqui gt ogjê`fgt rgug itqgei`idiu rufcdêrfmt, aitdmeufu uihy`gufagait my jitjm fuuihy`gufagait# ? — Gruiticqgèäm ag ‐ofdng ag aitdmeiuqg‚
Omujgag ri`m dmclycqm agt ogjê`fgt tf`çefdgt itqyagagt g rguqfu ai yjg agag LG LI LF LM LY rg`gvug hiugamug, g ‐ofdng ag aitdmeiuqg‚ @G @I @F @M @Y riujfqfg gmt iaydgcamt g omujgèäm ai QG QI QF QM QY
77>
cmvgt rg`gvugt, aitdmeufcam aitqg omujg, m jidgcftjm ri`m wyg` ti itduivi# Mt dyfagamt dmj g ‐ofdng ag aitdmeiuqg‚ iugj hugcait< gt rg`gvugt omujgagt aiviufgj tiu dufgèùit amt iaydgcamt, cycdg fcayèäm am iaydgamu# Tô aiviufgj tiu dufgagt „rg`gvugt vfvgt‖, ftqm æ, wyi qfcngj tfhcfofdgèäm# Iug yj hugcai jmjicqm# Afgcqi ag ofdng jyfqmt m`nguit gqicqmt# Ai uiricqi yj hufqm< ‐Qñ vicam gê g rg`gvug qflm`m# M „qf‖ itqç g`f, m „lm‖ itqç gwyf###‚ ‐Qij qgjeæj g rg`gvug `gqg# Æ tô lycqç m „ `g‖ dmj m „qg‖#‚ ‐I, qij g „`glf‖ wyi iy ogèm `ç cm qugeg`nm#‚ I g cmttg aüvfag< `gli my `glf= Dmjicqm g afoiuicèg my aif~m rgug airmft=
Gt ui—dufgèùit ai Rgy`m Ouifui Nmli täm jyfqmt mt g`ogeiqf|gamuit wyi ti ticqij fco`yicdfgamt ri`gt faæfgt ai Rgy`m Ouifui# Itqg ruiticèg cgt gqygft ruçqfdgt g`ogeiqf|gamugt cäm tfhcfofdg yj ‐ichittgjicqm‚ cmt rumdiafjicqmt yqf`f|gamt cmt gcmt ?2# G jgudg ouifuigcg grguidi wygcam itqit iaydgamuit qmjgj dmjm rmcqm ai rguqfag g uig`fagai vfvfag ri`m iaydgcam, ytgj g aftdyttäm dmjm fctquyjicqm riaghôhfdm, dmctfaiugj m iaydgcam dmjm g`hyæj wyi qij yj tgeiu, qug|ij m dmcqiüam g tiu itqyagam gqugvæt ai yj dôafhm, jyfqgt vi|it augjgqf|gèäm my hugvyugt, icogqf|gj m rictgu i m dufgu dmjm i`ijicqmt am rumdittm ai dmcnidiu, eytdgj m dmcnidfjicqm rgug ji`nmu fcqiuvfu cg uig`fagai### Rgy`m Ouifui qgjeæj ti og| ruiticqi cmt dmjicqçufmt amt iaydgamuit wygcam af|ij< ‐tij g rguqfdfrgèäm gqfvg am g`ycm 776
cäm nç ictfcm‚, ‐ g hicqi gruicai jyfqm icwygcqm ictfcg‚, ‐qyam ofdmy afoiuicqi wygcam rgttif g myvfu, dmj gqicèäm, gt riuhycqgt amt g`ycmt‚# M ruôrufm Rgy`m Ouifui tijrui icogqf|my icogqf|my g cidittfagai ai wyi tygt faæfgt omttij uidufgagt i tijrui gr`gyafy dmj icqytfgtjm wygcam vfy ftqm gdmcqidiu# Omf m wyi ti aiy, rmu i~ijr`m, citqi dgtm dmcqgam rmu i`i, ij ui`gèäm g yjg cmvg omujg ai ti`idfmcgu gt rg`gvugt hiugamugt< ‐Æ fcqiuittgcqi dmcqgu g`hyjgt jyagcègt wyi mdmuuiugj mdmuuiugj ij jfcng ruç~ft# Jyagcègt wyi cäm omugj oifqgt rumrufgjicqi rmu jfj# Cm Jæ~fdm, lmvict wyi og|fgj yj qugeg`nm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm ji afttiugj< „M`ni, Rgy`m, hmtqguêgjmt ai og`gu dmj vmdì rgug `ni jmtqugu g`hm wyi og|ijmt i wyi æ afoiuicqi am wyi vmdì og|#‖ Aftti*`nit< „Ogcqçtqfdm'‖, wygcam ji i~r`fdgugj wyi qfcngj, ri`m jicmt, yjg dmftg afoiuicqi ag jfcng ruçqfdg i wyi ly`hyif ji`nmu wyi g jfcng# Iy tijrui aftti wyi ti itdm`nijmt m rumdittm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm wyi `feiuqg i nyjgcf|g, cäm rmaijmt dmjiègu ytgcam gt cmttgt rg`gvugt dmjm rg`gvugt hiugamugt i wyi, og|icam yj itqyam lycqm ât rittmgt g tiuij g`ogeiqf|gagt, rguqfuêgjmt agt rg`gvugt ytgagt rmu i`gt# Rmuæj, i`it of|iugj g`hm ji`nmu# Ij vi| ai og|iu yjg ritwyftg rgug aitdmeufu gt rg`gvugt dmj gt rittmgt .gcqit am rumdittm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm&, i`it dmjiègugj dmj m rumdittm tij fcvitqfhgèäm# Dm`mdgugj mt aiticnmt agt ‐ofdngt ai dy`qyug‚ afgcqi amt gcg`ogeiqmt i, gqugvæt ag aftdyttäm ij qmucm am rufjifum aiticnm, i`it itdm`niugj g rufjifug rufjifug rg`gvug rg`gvug hiugamug# Ag aftdyttäm ag rufjifug rg`gvug omf itdm`nfag g tihycag i, gttfj, tydittfvgjicqi#‚ Yjg myqug uidufgèäm wyi dmcqmy dmj g gcyìcdfg ai Rgy`m itqç ui`gdfmcgag dmj m ytm ag i~ruittäm ‐rg`gvug hiugamug‚# Cmt gcmt ?2, wygcam Rgy`m tftqijgqf| tftqijgqf|my my yjg cmvg omujg ai ti qugeg`ngu cg g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai gay`qmt, gay`qmt, iug dmjyj dmjiègu g gruicaiu g `iu i itduiviu ri`g jijmuf|gèäm am g`ogeiqm# G ruimdyrgèäm ij jgcqiu g itdufqg tijrui dm`gag g tiy tfhcfofdgam 752
oi| dmj dmj wyi Rgy`m itdm`nitti yjg rg`gvug i cäm `iqugt my tê`gegt rgug g rguqfu ai`g g`ogeiqf|gu# Jgt â rg`gvug itdm`nfag rgug g g`ogeiqf|gèäm ti agvg yj ticqfam wyi fg g`æj g`æj am cmji am meliqm my ag tfqygèäm wyi i`g uiruiticqgvg# M wyi fjrmuqgvg iug g rg`gvug cm tiy dmcqi~qm# Ftqm ti qmucgvg ivfaicqi cg aitdmafofdgèäm aitqg rg`gvug, wygcam ai`g eumqgvg yj `iwyi ai wyitqùit fcqiu`fhgagt# Cyj icdmcqum dmj jf`fqgcqit cihumt, ij Cmvg Vmuk, yj amt rguqfdfrgcqit dngjmy g gqicèäm ai Rgy`m rgug m wygcqm g aftdyttäm oifqg dmj g rg`gvug hiugamug g qugctomujgvg ij ij g`hm jgfmu, wyi geugchfg qmag yjg qijçqfdg# G rguqfu aitqg metiuvgèäm, g i~ruittäm ‐qijg hiugamu‚ omf mdyrgcam hugayg`jicqi m `yhgu ag ‐ rg`gvug hiugamug‚# Nmli, `gcègcam yj m`ngu rgug gt ruçqfdgt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm faicqfofdgagt ri`m rictgjicqm ai Rgy`m Ouifui, æ rmttêvi` riudieiu yj dgjfcnm dmctquyêam rmu i`gt gm `mchm aitqit wygti 12 gcmt# Rgug qmucgu d`gum itqi aiticvm`vfjicqm, vgjmt i~ijr`fofdgu ytgcam yj qijg wyi tijrui itqivi ruiticqi cgt tg`gt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm, g jfhugèäm# M Eugtf` vfviy cgt ü`qfjgt aædgagt yjg viuagaifug uivm`yèäm# Ai rgêt ghuçufm, dmj 82 ) ag rmry`gèäm cm dgjrm, rgttgjmt rgug yj rgêt yuegcm dmj 82 ) ai jmugamuit cgt dfagait# Itqi oicñjicm vij, ayugcqi itqi qijrm, grguidicam omug i aicqum agt tg`gt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm gqugvæt agt vm|it i itdufqgt amt g`ogeiqf|gcamt, dmj i~ruittùit dmjm< ‐ jfcng ogjê`fg vifm qmafcng ijemug rmuwyi cäm aç jgft rgug vfviu ag umèg‚, ‐cg og|icag mcai iy cgtdf, ghmug tô qij dgcg i dmeug‚, ‐vmy ruç Eugtê`fg vì ti qugeg`nm cg dmctquyèäm ai ruæafm‚, ‐ti aitti iy vm`qgvg ruç jfcng G`ghmgt‚, ‐wyium itduiviu rgug jgcagu yjg dguqg rumt rguicqit wyi ofdgugj cg Egnfg‚# Gcmt ?2
Cg g`ogeiqf|gèäm amt gcmt ?2, g jfhugèäm dmjiègvg g tiu 757
riudiefag dmjm gtridqm gtridqm fjrmuqgcqi fjrmuqgcqi cg vfag amt g`ogeiqf|gcamt g`ogeiqf|gcamt cm jmjicqm am `ivgcqgjicqm vmdgey`gu wyi ruidiafg m fcêdfm amt dêudy`mt ai dy`qyug# Grguidfg gqugvæt agt rg`gvugt< dfagai, umèg, `gvmyug, qugeg`nm, tgyagai, rgttghij, ñcfeyt, vfghij### M rumdittm ai ti`ièäm itdm`nfg g jgft fcafdgag wyi iug qugctomujgag ij t`fai, dmjm m wyi grguidi gegf~m<
G aitdmafofdgèäm ag tfqygèäm uiruiticqgag ri`g omqmhugofg qug|fg rgug m dêudy`m ai dy`qyug yj gjr`m uiriuqôufm ai gttycqmt cgtdfamt ag i~riufìcdfg vfvfag ri`mt g`ogeiqf|gcamt ij ui`gèäm â qijçqfdg gruiticqgag# Gttfj, g aftdyttäm ij qmucm ag rg`gvug _FGHIJ, cyj huyrm ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm, tfhcfofdgvg og`gu ag vfag afoêdf` cm dfagai ai mufhij, agt itriugcègt ij ti agu ji`nmu cm `yhgu rgug mcai ti vgf, am qugeg`nm wyi aç icqicaiu g cmvg uig`fagai, ag tm`fagufiagai amt ogjf`fguit, agt afofdy`agait icdmcqugagt cg eytdg ai cmvm ijruihm, agt afoiuicègt ai vfag, nçefqmt icqui mt amft `yhguit###
755
ç
vfag cg umèg
ç
vfag cg dfagai
ç
afofdy`agai ai ijruihm
_FGHIJ ç
ç
ç
tm`fagufiagai amt rguicqit gagrqgèäm â cmvg vfag
cmvmt dmtqyjit
G aftdyttäm, icwygcqm ‐`ifqyug am jycam‚ i i~iudêdfm ag mug`fagai, ruirgugvg m jmjicqm ai itduiviu _FGHIJ i ai, g rguqfu ai`g, dufgu cmvgt rg`gvugt# Citqg ærmdg, gcmt ?2, g jgfmu rguqi amt g`ogeiqf|gamuit wyi eytdgvgj gt faæfgt ai Rgy`m Ouifui iug omujgag rmu itqyagcqit ai d`gtti jæafg, rufcdfrg`jicqi ycfviutfqçufmt ruimdyrgamt dmj g vg`muf|gèäm ag dy`qyug rmry`gu# Mt g`ogeiqf|gcamt iugj, cg tyg jgfmufg, gay`qmt, cgtdfamt ij |mcgt uyugft, wyi cycdg ngvfgj fam â itdm`g my ci`g ofdgugj rmu dyuqm itrgèm ai qijrm# Tgeiu `iu i itduiviu gjr`fgvg tfhcfofdgqfvgjicqi gt rmttfef`fagait ai fchuittm cm jycam am qugeg`nm# Gcmt >2
Cmt gcmt >2 g`hyjgt jyagcègt hgcngugj vftfef`fagai cmt qugeg`nmt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm ai `fcng ouifuigcg# _gjmt aitqgdgu aygt cmvfagait< m tyuhfjicqm ai ‐dgaiucmt‚ ruirgugamt rgug ytm amt iaydgcamt i g fcqumayèäm ai riwyicmt qi~qmt mcai gcqit grguidfg gricgt g ‐rg`gvug hiugamug‚# G duêqfdg ât dguqf`ngt lytqfofdgag ri`g tyg mufhij itdufqmufg` i ri`m ytm ai rg`gvugt i qijgt aftqgcqit am jycam amt gcg`ogeiqmt 754
qfumy itqi qfrm ai jgqiufg` amt qugeg`nmt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm# G jiqmam`mhfg dufgag rmu Rgy`m Ouifui dnihmy jitjm g tiu dmcnidfag dmjm g ‐g`ogeiqf|gèäm tij dguqf`ng‚# Icquiqgcqm itqg gqfqyai omf ti dmctqfqyfcam cyj rume`ijg# Mt iaydgcamt gcg`ogeiqmt vfgj dmj aitdmcofgcèg yj dyutm tij `fvumt i mt iaydgamuit ticqfgj og`qg ai yj jgqiufg` wyi glyagtti g tftqijgqf|gu m wyi itqgvg ticam itqyagam# M jiam ai uiriqfu gt ‐dguqf`ngt‚ fctqfhmy g dufgqfvfagai amt g`ogeiqf|gamuit i vçufmt ‐dgaiucmt ai dy`qyug‚ dmjiègugj g cgtdiu# Ci`it grguidfgj mt qijgt hiugamuit, gt ‐ofdngt ag aitdmeiuqg‚, g`æj ai egtqgcqi itrgèm rgug ytm amt iaydgcamt# Cmttm i~ijr`m jmtqug yjg rçhfcg aitqit ‐dgaiucmt ai dy`qyug‚ mcai m qijg jfhugèäm hgcng cmvg umyrghij#
Lmgcg vifm am Rfgyê# I`g wyiu qugeg`ngu ij Täm Rgy`m
Jgqiufg` ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm * Afgaijg * Täm Rgy`m 751
G cmvfagai ij ui`gèäm gm grguidfjicqm am qi~qm cäm iug cgag qäm ugafdg`# G wyg`fagai ai`i iug aftdyqêvi` rmuwyi iugj hugcait gt ruimdyrgèùit dmj tyrmtqgt afofdy`agait amt iaydgcamt# Cm ofcg`, uivi`gcam g qfjfai| ag jyagcèg, ti gdgegvg i`ihicam yjg rg`gvug rgug m i~iudêdfm ai gcç`fti i têcqiti, qg` dmjm ti og|fg gcqiufmujicqi# _g`i gfcag `ijeugu wyi citqg ærmdg m Eugtf` dmjiègvg g tgfu ai yjg afqgayug# Gt icqfagait itqyagcqft cäm ti ticqfgj jgft dmjrumjiqfagt dmj g rmry`gèäm jgft rmeui# M fcqiuitti ri`g jiqmam`mhfg ai Rgy`m Ouifui icdmcqumy hygufag lycqm gmt jmvfjicqmt rmry`guit wyi dmjiègj g ti guqfdy`gu ij rum` ai ji`nmuit dmcafèùit ai jmugafg, tgüai, iaydgèäm# Mt g`ogeiqf|gamuit rgttgugj g tiu, ij hugcai rguqi, ghicqit ai rgtqmugft tmdfgft i `faiugcègt dmjycfqçufgt# Iugj rittmgt wyi vfvfgj eij ruô~fjmt amt g`ogeiqf|gcamt, i~riufjicqgcam dmjm i`it gt ayui|gt ag vfag# Icqui mt g`ogeiqf|gcamt duitdiy m cüjium ai jy`niuit# @iu i itduiviu rgug ioiqfvg rguqfdfrgèäm cg dmjycfagai ai egti ag Fhuilg, cg gttmdfgèäm ai jmugamuit my cm jmvfjicqm rmu duidni, rmtqm ai tgüai, itdm`g### iug m hugcai gqugqfvm amt wyi eytdgvgj gt faæfgt ai Rgy`m Ouifui# Gcmt 62
M gyjicqm am ytm i ruitqêhfm ag itdufqg, g rguqfu amt gcmt >2, qmucmy vfqg` g cidittfagai ai `iu i itduiviu i `ivmy rgug g itdm`g yjg rmry`gèäm wyi gqæ icqäm cycdg qfcng tfam itdm`guf|gag< g amt jgft rmeuit# G eytdg ag ycfviutg`f|gèäm ag g`ogeiqf|gèäm, g`fgag ât afofdy`agait ouicqi ât jiqmam`mhfgt qugafdfmcgft, rumvmdmy itqyamt i ritwyftgt citqg çuig# G cmvg `fchyêtqfdg, m grguidfjicqm ag tôdfm*`fchyêtqfdg i rufcdfrg`jicqi, g ritwyftg ag rtfdmhìciti ag `êchyg itdufqg 759
uig`f|gag rmu Ijê`fg Oiuuifum i Gcg Qieiumtk qumy~iugj yjg dmjruiictäm jgfmu am rumdittm ag gruicaf|ghij ag itdufqg# Jyfqgt agt cmvgt dmcqufeyfèùit uiomuègugj uiomuègugj i dmcofujgugj gtridqmt lç grmcqgamt rmu Rgy`m my uivi`gugj myqumt dmiuicqit dmj i`i# Icqui itqit gtridqmt itqäm < ‑ Mt gcg`ogeiqmt gay`qmt rumay|ij dmcnidfjicqmt g rguqfu agt gèùit wyi aiticvm`vij cm tiy afg*g*afg# Gttfj, dnihgj gmt huyrmt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm dmj dmcnidfjicqmt gqæ jitjm ui`gqfvmt â itdufqg# ‑ G g`ogeiqf|gèäm æ yjg gruicaf|ghij dmcdifqyg`, rmuqgcqm, m tiy tydittm itqç `fhgam â dgrgdfagai am iaydgcam ij itqgei`idiu ui`gèùit dmj m wyi gruicai# Aitqg omujg, m jmqmu ag g`ogeiqf|gèäm æ g dgrgdfagai ai rictgu amt iaydgcamt i cäm g jijmuf|gèäm jidåcfdg ai `iqugt i tê`gegt# ‑ Cäm nç `ifqyug cij itdufqg tij yjg dmjruiictäm am `fam my itdufqm# Itqg dmjruiictäm airicai ag ‐`ifqyug ai jycam‚ wyi m iaydgcam æ dgrg| ai og|iu# ‑ G g`ogeiqf|gèäm aivi ti agu g rguqfu ai qi~qmt dmj oycèäm tmdfg` i cäm ai qi~qmt oifqmt rgug ictfcgu g `iu i itduiviu# Ij hugcai rguqi amt huyrmt ai g`ogeiqf|gèäm amt gcmt 62, m qi~qm rgttmy g tiu g ycfagai `fchyêtqfdg g tiu itqyagag riujfqfcam ai omujg ji`nmu g ‐`ifqyug am jycam‚ i g itdufqg agt rg`gvugt wyi Rgy`m Ouifui tijrui eytdmy# Gttfj m qijg jfhugèäm rmai dnihgu gmt iaydgcamt gqugvæt ag rmitfg ‐Dgcèäm am I~ê`fm‚ ai Hmcèg`vit Afgt# Cm ui`gqm ui`gqm ag g`ogeiqf|gamug Jgu`f Diuwyifug, gt faæfgt faæfgt ai Rgy`m Ouifui itqäm vfvgt, gcfjgcam yjg cmvg ruçqfdg iaydgqfvg# Täm Rgy`m, 71 ai geuf` ai 766? Itqmy qugeg`ngcam qugeg`ngcam dmj m qijg hiugamu< jfhugèäm my g vfag `mchi ag qiuug ag hicqi# @ivif rgug qmamt mt g`ogeiqf|gcamt g rmitfg ai Hmcèg`vit 75?
Afgt< Dgcèäm am i~ê`fm# Lç tgefg wyi wygti qmamt iugj jfhugcqit, vfvfgj `mchi am `yhgu mcai cgtdiugj, rgttgugj g fcoåcdfg i qìj rguicqit# Rmuqgcqm, vfvfgj yjg tfqygèäm rguidfag dmj g am rmiqg i~f`gam, gritgu ai itqguij cm tiy ruôrufm rgêt# Aftqufeyf m qi~qm i `f g rmitfg ij vm| g`qg# Jfucg riafy wyi iy `itti myqug vi|# Qmamt afttiugj wyi ftqm tiufg emj# Wygcam gdgeif g `ifqyug qmamt wyiufgj af|iu g`hyjg dmftg, iug yjg eufhg rgug og`gu# Airmft ag dmcoytäm dnihmy g dg`jg i omf rmttêvi` myvfu qmamt#
758
Jyfqmt wyiufgj af|iu am wygcqm ti faicqfofdgugj dmj g tfqygèäm ai Hmcèg`vit Afgt wyi wyiufg vm`qgu rgug g tyg qiuug i cäm rmafg< ‐Itqi gê, æ ag cmttg qyujg# Cäm dmctihyfy ofdgu cm `yhgu mcai cgtdiy'‚ ‐Ri`m wyi itqmy vicam, côt tmjmt i~f`gamt' Itqgjmt rumfefamt ai vm`qgu ri`m aitijruihm i og`qg ai mrmuqycfagai‚# ‐G hicqi tijrui ticqi og`qg ai g`hyjg dmftg wyi ofdmy cg qiuug ag hicqi'‚ ‐Itti nmjij vfviy fhyg` â hicqi `mchi ag qiuug ai`i# Jgt i~f`gam æ dmftg ai rm`êqfdm i g hicqi cäm æ fttm cäm# G hicqi æ „egfgcm tij uyjm‖#‚ Rumdyuif eytdgu m ticqfam ag rg`gvug i~ê`fm i gqæ grumvifqif rgug ytgu m afdfmcçufm# @ç, icqui gt i~r`fdgèùit grguidfg yjg, ofhyugag, wyi af|fg< ‐@yhgu gogtqgam, tm`fqçufm, my aitghugaçvi` ai ngefqgu#‚ Wygti qmamt gdngugj wyi iug dmj i`it, wyi iug m `yhgu mcai jmugj# Jgt qmamt gdngvgj wyi vfviu omug am rgêt iug gfcag rfmu am wyi icouicqgvgj rmuwyi ‐cm itqugchifum gt `iqugt i gt rg`gvugt täm myqugt‚# Lmgcg rumqitqmy dmj vm| g`qg rmuwyi, wygcam dnihmy ij Täm Rgy`m, cäm icqicafg m wyi g rgqumg ai`g og`gvg# Omujgjmt huyrmt jftqyugcam mt wyi tgefgj itduiviu ji`nmu dmj mt fcfdfgcqit# Ngvfg jyfqg dmftg rgug tiu itdufqg#
Dmjiègjmt dmj mt viutmt< ‐Jfc ‐Jfcng ng qiuu qiuugg qij qij rg rg`j `jif ifug ugtt Mcai dgcqg m tgefç‚ 75>
Riaf wyi jmafofdgttij m wyi itqgvg itdufqm rgug og`gu ag qiuug ai`it# Gttfj< Jfcng qiuug qij########################### Mcai ###########################################
Yj eyueyufcnm i omf tgfcam< Jfcng qiuug qij yj ufm Mcai m rmvm vgf rgttigu Jfc Jfcng ng qiu qiuug ug qij qij yj yj jmuu jmuumm
Jfcn Jfcngg qiuu qiuugg qij qij yj yjgt gt og|i og|ica cagt gt
Mcai æ hmtqmtm cgjmug
mcai cfchyæj vgf qugeg`ng
Gt afofdy`agait cäm omugj jyfqgt i qmamt rguidiugj jyfqm gcfjgamt dmj mt viutfcnmt wyi og|fgj# Airmft vm`qgjmt rgug g rmitfg rgug aitdmeufu am wyi Hmcèg`vit Afgt ticqfg tgyagait# Riaf, icqäm, wyi of|ittij yjg `ftqg dmj dmftgt ag qiuug cgqg` wyi aif~gugj tgyagait# Jyfqg dmcty`qg, jyfqm itduivi i grghg, i gt `ftqgt dmjiègugj g grguidiu# Iy fg itduivicam cm wygaum i riafcam wyi dmjrgugttij dmj m wyi itduiviugj# Tgyagait G oitqg ag rgaumifug G dgefai`g ag jfcng qfg G rugèg ag fhuilg Jfcng rufjg Maiqi
Lmtæ @fcam`om — Hgvfäm .Egnfg& G oitqg ai Täm Lmäm G dmuufag amt tgdmt M dæy eij itdyum i dmj jyfqgt itqui`gt
Lmi` @fjg — Dfrô . Riucgjeydm& 756
Riaf wyi itduivittij g `ftqg am wyi cäm aif~my tgyagait# M dgctgèm ag umèg,
G umèg
G om ji ,
G çhyg tg`hgag
Qyam iug afofdy`agai#
G og`qg ai qugeg`nm
@f|iqi Tgcqmt — Hgvfäm .E .Egnfg&
M tm tm` cg cgt dm dmtqgt wy wyifjgcam Dêdium — .Agqgt& Egnfg
Metiuvif g`hyjgt agt itdufqgt ruiticqit cgt `ftqghict, oyf gcmqgcam cm wygaum wygaum i of|ijmt gt dmuuièùit dmuuièùit dmj g rguqfdfrgèäm rguqfdfrgèäm ai qmamt# Ofwyif oi`f| rmuwyi A# Umtg dmjièmy g qiu dmughij ai og`gu i m Ci`tmc itduiviy vçufgt rg`gvugt tij riuhycqgu ti itqgvg diuqm# @f|iqi itqç ôqfjg i glyag jyfqm mt myqumt tij og|iu rmu i`it, jgt riuhycqgcam i aif~gcam wyi rictij# Gcqñcfg og`qmy cmvgjicqi i itduivijmt yj ef`niqi rgug i`g< Di`fcg afqmy, Lmtæ itduiviy i qmamt gttfcgugj tij ruidftgu dmcoiufu cm dugdnç# Dmjefcgjmt og|iu yj om`niqm dmj afdgt rgug wyij dnihg ij Täm Rgy`m# Rictgjmt ij `ijeugu ag ruôrufg i~riufìcdfg i dmcviutgu dmj rittmgt wyi dnihgugj nç rmydm qijrm# Airmft ai rumcqm g fujä am Lmi` vgf `ivgu rgug g itdm`g i afhfqgu cm dmjryqgamu# Gfcag vgjmt aidfafu m aitqfcm am cmttm om`niqm, jgt lç qijmt jyfqgt faæfgt# Tiuç yjg mrmuqycfagai ai ti`idfmcgu cmttgt faæfgt i dm`mdç*`gt cm rgri`#
G gyqmug am ui`gqm æ rumoittmug ai yjg itdm`g am itqgam i, â cmfqi, g`ogeiqf|g lmvict i gay`qmt cyj rumliqm jgcqfam ri`g Fhuilg am egfuum ai riufoiufg mcai jmug# Dmjm Jgu`f, jyfqgt agt g`ogeiqf|gamugt i amt g`ogeiqf* 742
|gamuit fco`yicdfgamt ri`m faiçufm ai Ouifui täm lmvict icvm`vfamt dmj qugeg`nmt dmjycfqçufmt# G jgfmufg dmjr`iqmy m 7² hugy i jyfqmt dyutgj m 5²# G ruiticèg agt jy`niuit hgcng ij jyfqm g amt nmjict# G iaydgèäm cg vftäm ai Rgy`m Ouifui, wyi cgtdiy i ti omuqg`idiy omug ag itdm`g mofdfg`, qij nmli yjg tfhcfofdgqfvg icqugag cg itdm`g rüe`fdg, rufcdfrg`jicqi icqui lmvict i gay`qmt# Nmli mt g`ogeiqf|gcamt cäm täm jgft mt gay`qmt ‐jgqyumt‚ amt gcmt gcqiufmuit# Ghmug, ij hugcai rguqi, täm gam`itdicqit i lmvict cgtdfamt ij dicqumt yuegcmt# Jyfqmt ai`it lç rgttgugj ri`g itdm`g, ijemug qicngj riujgcidfam gcg`ogeiqmt#
GLG Egnfg * Cüd`im ai Grmuç * Tiduiqgufg am Itqgam ag Iaydgèäm ag Egnfg
747
745
Mt aiticnmt wyi f`ytqugj itqi `fvum og|ij rguqi ai jgqiufgft iaydgqfvmt fco`yicdfgamt ri`g ruçqfdg riaghñhfdg ai Rgy`m Ouifui, cmt rgêtit< Guhicqfcg * Tê`vfg @ychm Eugtf` * Ougcdftdm Euiccgca; D`gyafyt Diddmc; Tiegtqfäm ^gvfiu; Gjf`qmc Tgcqgcg Dnf`i * _fdicqi ai Geuiy Dm`mjefg Dmtqg Ufdg * I#T Itqgamt Ycfamt * Qi~gt Ef`` Hyfcæ Efttgy Êcafg — Jy`niu - G`fjicqgèäm Fch`gqiuug Jæ~fdm Cirg` Cfdguçhyg Ticihg` Egch`gaitn \fcegexi * Dnuft Nma|f
744
741
Efe`fmhugofg Ghyfuui, Tgjyi` Itdmegu .76>6& Rgy`m Ouifui< Myqug Riaghmhfg Rm`êqfdg * Qiti ai amyqmugjicqm * Ycfviutfaga Dmjr`yqicti ai Jgaufa * Itrgcng Eiftfihi`, Di`tm ai Uyf .7686& Dy`qyug am rmvm i iaydgèäm rm* ry`gu# Uivftqg ag Ogdy`agai ai Iaydgèäm ag YTR, c¼ 9 * Täm Rgy`m Eguuiqm, _iug i Lmtæ Dgu`mt .7665& Amft g`ogeiqf|gamuit gcqit am hm`ri ai ?1 * _iuiag * Täm Rgy`m Ouifui, Rgy`m .7661& Dguqgt g Duftqfcg * Ia# Rg| i Qiuug * Täm Rgy`m Ouifui, Rgy`m .76>?& Dguqg g yjg g`ogeiqf|gamug * Ogtdêdy`m * _iuiag * Täm Rgy`m Ouifui, Rgy`m .76>7& Dmchuittm Eugtf`ifum ai @ifqyug * Dgjrfcgt * Qi~qm jfjimhugogam Ouifui, Rgy`m .768>& Iaydgèäm dmjm ruçqfdg ai `feiuagai >¬ ia# * Ia# Rg| i Qiuug * Täm Rgy`m Ouifui, Rgy`m .76>?& Rgri` am iaydgamu * Täm Rgy`m * qi~qm jfjimhugogam Ouifui, Rgy`m .7668& Riaghmhfg ag gyqmcmjfg * Ia# Rg| i Qiuug * Täm Rgy`m Ouifui, Rgy`m .7668& Riaghmhfg ag itriugcèg * Ia# Rg| i Qiuug * Täm Rgy`m Ouifui, Rgy`m .766?& Riaghmhfg am mrufjfam * Ia# Rg| i Qiuug * Täm Rgy`m 749
Ouifui, Rgy`m .7662& _fuqyait am iaydgamu * _iuiag * Täm Rgy`m Ouifui, Rgy`m; Diddmc D`gyafyt; M`fvifug, Umtftkg Agud ai; M`f* vifug, Jfhyi` Agud .76>6& _fvicam i gruicaicam * Ia# Eugtf`ficti * Täm Rgy`m Ouifui, Rgy`m i Hyfjguäit, Tæuhfm .76>8& Gruicaicam dmj g ruôrufg nftqôufg F * Ia# Rg| i qiuug * Täm Rgy`m Ouifui, Rgy`m; Jgdiam, Amcg`am .7662& G`ogeiqf|gèäm * @ifqyug am jycam, `ifqyug ag rg`gvug * Ia# Rg| i Qiuug * Täm Rgy`m Ouifui, Rgy`m; _gccyddnf, G`am i Tgcqmt, X`gaijfu .76>4& Rgy`m Ouifui gm vfvm * Ia# @mm`g * Täm Rgy`m Hgamqqf, Jmgdfu i myqumt Rgy`m Ouifui< yjg efe`fmhugofg * Ia# Dmuqi|, Ycitdm i Fctq# Rgy`m Ouifui * Täm Rgy`m @ug, Dgu`mt .766?& Gt wyguicqgt nmugt ai Gchfdmt * Ia# Dmuqit * Täm Rgy`m Jmcd`üt, Gcqmcfm .76>>& Riaghmhfg ai `g dmcqugafddfôc< Rgy`m Ouifui * Cyivmt r`gcqigjficqmt ic iaydgdfmc ai gay`qmt * Ia# Gcqnumrmt, Egudi`mcg * Itrgcng Ui`gqôufm am Tijfcçufm< Rgy`m Ouifui i g iaydgèäm eugtf`ifug * .tiq# 76>5& * Ouicqi Dy`qyug` ai Eugtê`fg * Eugtê`fg Uivftqg< Aftdyttfmc tyu `(g`rngeiqftgqfmc .7681& Ycitdm * Fugc Qmuuit, Dgu`mt G`eiuqm .7686& G ruç~ft riaghôhfdg ai Rgy`m Ouifui Ouifui * Ia# @mm`g * Täm Rgy`m _fifug Rfcqm, Ç`vgum .76?2& Dmctdfìcdfg i uig`fagai cgdfmcg` * JID-FTIE * Ufm ai Lgcifum Icquivftqgt
Icquivftqg< Rgy`m Ouifui, cm i~ê`fm, ofdmy jgft eugtf`ifum gfcag# M Rgtwyfj .ia# Itridfg`& c¼ 1?5 * jgfm .768>&, dmcdidfag g D`gyafyt Diddmc i Jfhyi` Rgfvg * Ufm ai Lgcifum Icquivftqg< Wyij qij jiam ai Rgy`m Ouifui= M Rgtwyfj, c¼ 16> * 75-7> lgcifum .7686&, dmcdiafag g D`gyafyt Diddmc * Ufm ai Lgcifum 74?
Icquivftqg< Rgy`m Ouifui# Uivftqg _m|it * lgc# 76>5 Icquivftqg< Rgy`m Ouifui< Uivftqg @yg Cmvg .76>1& vm`# F * c¼ 4 * Diaid * Täm Rgy`m Icquivftqg< Afç`mhm dmj Rgy`m Ouifui# Uivftqg Qguig * jgu# 76>> * Dytdm * Riuy Icquivftqg< Rgy`m Ouifui# Qimufg / Aiegqi , c¼ 78 * qufj# 7665, dmcdiafag g Jçufm Tæuhfm Dmuqi`g i Rgy`m ai Qgutm _icdit`gy
748
YCF_IUTFAGAI GEIUQG D
M
@
I
È
Ä
M
G dm`ièäm Ycfviutfagai Geiuqg aiafdg*ti â rye`fdgèäm ai ictgfmt i qitit ycfviutfqçufgt, dm`iqåcig ai guqfhmt, gcqm`mhfgt i tfjf`guit# _ILG G @FTQG AMT @F_UMT WYI DMJRÙIJ G DM@IÈÄM 7 * 5 *
4 *
1 *
9 * ? *
8 *
ITQYAMT _FQUY_FGCMT GYQMU< IAYGUAM QYOOGCF .OF@M@MHFG-@FCHÐÊTQFDG& M UMJGCDI*RUME@IJG I M RUME@IJG AM UMJGCDI CG MEUG AI _IUHÊ@FM OIUUIFUG GYQMUG< GYQMU G< TYI@V O# O# _# O@MUV .@FQIUGQYUG& G RGYRIUF\GÈÄM AM NMJIJ AM DGJRM CG @G_MYUG AI G@HMAÄM .7612*7699& GYQMUG< DÆ@FG AI A I D# O# RICÈM .TMDFM@MHFG& G I_GRMUGÈÄM AGT QIUUGT AI_M@YQGT CM _G@I AM RGUGCGRGCIJG GYQMUG< DÆ@FG AI D# O# O# RICÈM .TMDFM@MHFG& GCQUMRM@MHFG CM DMQFAFGCM GYQMUG< DÆ@FG AI A I D# O# RICÈM .TMDFM@MHFG& IÈG AI WYIFUM\ .UIG@FTJM RMUQYHY RMUQYHYÌT ÌT I UIG@FAGA UIG@FAGAI I RMUQYHYITG& GYQMUG< UMTGCI HG\M@@G G@_IT OIFQMTG .@FQIUGQYUG& OUGDGTTM ITDM@GU< RUME@IJG AI OGJÊ@FG GYQMUG< JGUFG @# D# _G@ICQI .RTFDM@MHFG&
> *
TM@ CGTDICQI CM EUGTF@ .DY@QYUG I JICQG@FAGAI& GYQMU< OUGCDFTDM NGTNFJMQM .RTFDM@MHFG&
6 *
72 *
77 *
75 *
74 * 71 *
G JÇTDGUG DGF * XM@OHGCH GJJMC CM DMCQI^QM AG @FQIUGQYUG @FQIUGQYUG QIYQM*EUGTF@IFUG GYQMUG< FCHUFA GCCF GTJGCC .@FQIUGQYUG& GT MYTGAFGT _IUEGFT IJ QYQGJÆFG GYQMUG< LIGCI JGUF TGCQ‖GCG TRIUG .@FCHÐÊTQFDG& G MUFICQGÈÄM IAYDGDFMCG@ UI* _FTFQGAG GYQMUG< UIHFCG GRGUIDFAG UFEIFUG TFWYIFUG .IAYDGÈÄM& RMITFG I ICTFCM .GCQM@MHFG DMJICQGAG&# GYQMUG< \F\F QUI_F\GC .@FQIUGQYUG I ICTFCM& .AIT& _I@GU G GUQI GYQMUG< CIFAI JGUDMCAIT .NFTQÔUFG AG GUQI& M GQF_FTJM FJMEF@FTQG GYQMU< EICIAFQM JFHYI@ HF@ .NFTQÔUFG&
79 *
7? *
78 *
7> *
76 *
M QIGQUM I G GUICG GYQMU< AG_FA UGEI@@M .NFTQÔUFG&
57 *
55 *
54 *
M JITQUI \IC AÑHYIC GYQMU< IAYGUAM EGTQM AI G@EYWYIUWYI .NFTQÔUFG&
UIQUGQMT UIQUGQMT AM EUGTF@ GYQMUG< DI@ITQI N# J# UFEIFUM AI TMY\G .@FQIUGQYUG& JMTGFDMT AI EUIDN< ITQYAMT AI UIDIRÈÄM UIDIRÈÄM @FQIUÇUFG @FQIUÇUFG MUH< KGQNUFC TGUQFCHIC .@FQIUGQYUG&
59 *
5? *
DVUM AMT GCLMT< JIJÔUFG I NFTQÔUFG GYQMUG< _IUG JÇUDFG RGUÇEM@F RGUÇEM@F JF@GCITF .@FQIUGQYUG& MT AFGJGCQIT AM EUGTF@ < CG UIHÌCDFG AI AMJ LMÄM .7865* 7>7?&# YJ ITQYAM AI AIRICAÌCDFG I^QIUCG GYQMU< AG_FA UGEI@@M .NFTQÔUFG&
52 *
51 *
58 *
5> *
M @IFQMU I M @GEFUFCQM GYQMUG< GYQMU G< TYI@V O# O# _# O@MUV .@FQIUGQYUG& OIUCGCAM RITTMG < JICTGHIJ< NFTQÔUFG, JFQM, JIQÇOMUG GYQMUG< I@ÌYTFT JÊUFGC DGJMDGUAF .@FQIUGQYUG& _MDGEY@ÇUFM GDGAÌJFDM < YJ RGTTM RGUG RGUG @IFQYUG QÆDCFDG QÆDC FDG GYQMUG< GCQMCFIQG GC QMCFIQG @GOGDI .@FCHÐFTQFDG& JGCIDM JÜTFDM < RGF JITQUI AI DGU@MT HMJIT GYQMUG< @ICFQG XG@AFHI JICAIT CMHYIFUG .JÜTFDG&
56 * 42 *
47 *
G _IUAGAI AG UIRUITTÄM < RUÇQFDGT RICGFT I MYQUGT ITQUGQÆHFGT ITQUGQÆHFGT CG MUAIJ UIRYE@FDGCG .7>62*7657& GYQMU< RGY@M G@_IT .NFTQÔUFG& JIY OF@NM _GF JG@ CG ITDM@G# RMU WYÌ = M QIJRM, M @YHGU I M M@NGU CG RTFDMRIAGHMHFG GYQMUG< JGUF@AG JG@YO TGCTI_IUFCM .RTFDMRIAGHMHFG& _G@I AM UFEIFUG < G _M\ I G _I\ AGT DMJYCFAGAIT CIHUGT GYQMUG< JGUV OUGCDFTDG AM DGUICM .@FCHÐÊTQFDG& G DUY\, G ITRGAG I G TMDFIAGAI JIAFI_G@ RMUQYHYITG GYQMU< TFAFCIF HG@@F .NFTQÔUFG&
.ITHMQGAM&
G IAYDGÈÄM AG JY@NIU CM EUGTF@ DM@ÑCFG GYQMUG< GUF@AG FCIT JFUGCAG UFEIFUM .NFTQÔUFG& ITQUGQÆHFGT AFTDYUTF_GT CG GAM@ITDÌCDFG GYQMUG< TYI@F RFUIT .@FCHÐÊTQFDG&
45 *
44 *
41 *
49 *
M JGCAGDGUY I G O@MU < GYQMEFMHUGOFG FCOÅCDFG I MT JMAMT AI TIU HUGDF@FGCM GYQMUG< UIHFCG OÇQFJG AI G@JIFAG DMCUGAM .@FQIUGQYUG& @FQIUGQYUG< ITTI DFCIJG DMJ DNIFUM GYQMU< _G@AI_FCM AI M@F_IFUG .@FQIUGQYUG& AFOFDY@AGAIT AI @IFQYUG< G EYTDG AG DNG_I AM TIHUIAM GYQMUG< UGWYI@ @G\\GUF @IFQI EGUEMTG .@FCHÐÊTQFDG& _ICQMT AI MYQMCM GYQMU< OUGCDFTDM NGTNFJMQM .RTFDM@MHFG&
4? *
48 * 4> *
GAM@ITDÌCDFG, TI^YG@FAGAI I GFAT< CG OGJÊ@FG I CM ITRGÈM ITDM@GU DMCQIJRMUÅCIMT GYQMUG< JGU@ICI DGTQUM XGFAIJGC JGUQFCI\ .RTFDM@MHFG& _FM@GCAM GT UIHUGT GYQMUG< GAUFGCG UICCÔ .@FQIUGQYUG& QIGQUG@F\GÈÄM QIGQUG@F\GÈÄM AM RMAIU < M RÜE@FDM I M RYE@FDFQÇUFM CG UIOMUJG AI ICTFCM RGY@FTQG GYQMUG< @MYUAIT JGUDI@FCM JGDNGAM .IAYDGÈÄM&
