SULIT 4551/2 Biology Kertas 2 September 2010 2 ½ jam
Nama Tingk tan
JA ATAN PELAJARAN MELAKA Dengan Kerjasama PERS RSIIDA DANG NGA A KEBANGSAAN PENGETUA-PENGETU SEKOL H MENENGAH MALAYSIA (PKPSM) CAWANGAN MELAKA PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2010
BIOLOGY Kertas 2 Dua jam tiga puluh minit JANGA NGAN BU BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBE ITAHU 1.
Kertas soalan ini mengandungi ua bahagian Bahagian A dan A dan Bahagian B . Jawab semua soalan dalam Ba agian A dan A dan mana-mana dua mana-mana dua soalan daripada Bahagian B
2. Jawapan kepada Bahagian A h ndaklah ditulis dalam ruang jawapan yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan. Langkah penting dalam kerja mengira hendaklah ditunjukkan. 3. Jawapan kepada Bahagian B h ndaklah ditulis dalam ruang jawapan yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan . Anda diminta menjawab dengan lebih panjang tetapi jawapan jawapan mestilah mestilah jelas jelas da logik. Dalam jawapan anda, persamaan, gambar rajah, jadual, graf dan ara lain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan jawapan anda boleh digunakan. 4.
Anda hendaklah menyerahkan ertas tulis dan kertas graf tambahan, jika digu digunak nakan an,, be bersa rsamama-sa sama ma den deng gan kertas soalan.
5.
Rajah yang mengiringi soalan di aksudkan untuk memberi maklumat yang berguna bagi menjawab soalan. Rajah tidak dilukiskan mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan sebaliknya.
Untuk kegunaan pemeriksa Bahagian
No.
Markah
1 2 A
3 4 5 Jumlah 6
6.
Penggunaan kalkulator saintifik ang tidak boleh diprogramkan adalah dibenarkan .
7.
Masa yang dicadangkan untuk B ialah 60 minit.
enjawab Bahagian A ialah 90 minit , Bahagian
Kertas Kertas soalan soalan in i mengandungi 27 ha halaman bercetak ter 4551/2
7
B
8 9 Jumlah
Jumlah Besar
asuk kulit [Lihat sebelah]
2 For
Section A [Bahagian A] A]
Examiner’s Used
[60 marks] [60 markah ] Answer all question all question in this section. Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.
1. Diagram 1 shows a cross section of an organ K in plant. Rajah1 menunjukkan satu keratan rentas organ K dalam tumbuhan.
Diagram 1 ./ Rajah 1
(a� ��) Name organ K.
1(a)(i)
Namakan organ K
………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark]
1
(ii) Name the structures structures labelled P, Q, R and S. Namakan struktur yang berlabel P, Q, R dan S.
P : ……………..……………………………………………………………………… Q : ……………………......................................................................................
1(a)(ii)
R: …………………………………………………………………………………… S : …………………………................................................................................ [ 2 marks]
2
3 For Examiner’s Used
(b)(i) Table 2 shows the function s of structure P. Jadual 2 menunjukkan fungsi struktur P.
Absorbing sun light Menyerap cahaya matahari
Transporting water Mengangkut air
Transporting organic matter Mengangkut bahan organik
As a supporting tissue Sebagai tisu penyokong
Table 2/ Jadual 2
1(b)(i)
Tick (√) one correct function of P , in the b boxes oxes provided provided in Table 2.
Tandakan ( √ ) bagi fungsi P yang betul dalam kotak yang yang disediakan dalam Jadual 2.
1
[1 mark] (ii) Describe briefly how structure P is adapted to it’s function. Huraikan secara ringkas bagaimana struktur P disesuaikan untuk menjalankan fungsinya. ……………………………..……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………..………………………………………………………………………
1(b)(ii)
……………………………..……………………………………………………………………… ……………………………..………………………………………………………………………
2
[2 marks] (c) Structure R and S are categorized as tissues. ����� ������� ��� � ��� � ��� ���������� �� �������� Struktur R dan S dikategorikan sebagai sebagai tisu. Nyatakan sebab mengapa R dan dan S merupakan tisu.
R : …........................ ….................................... ......................... ......................... ........................... ............................ ............................ ............................ ................... ...... …........................ …....................................... ............................ .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ....................... .......... S : .......................... ......................................... ........................... ......................... ............................ ........................... ......................... ........................... .................. .... …........................ …....................................... ............................ .......................... ........................... ........................... .......................... .......................... ....................... .......... [2 marks]
1(c)
2
4
���
Pn. Marina decided to make salted mustard She immersed the spinach in concentrated salt solution for certain period of time . Explain what happed to the mustard cell s in the concentrated salt solution.
For Examiner’s Used
Pn. Marina bercadang untuk membuat sawi masin. Dia merendam sawi itu ke dalam larutan garam pekat pada tempoh masa tertentu. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1(d)
4
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [4 marks]
Total A1
12
5 For
2. Diagram 2.1 shows a somatic cell in an organism.
Examiner’s
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sel somatik dalam satu organisma.
Used
Q:
R:
Diagram 2.1 Rajah 2.1
2(a)(i) (a) (i) Name structures Q and R in Diagram 2.1. Namakan struktur Q dan R pada Rajah 2.1
[ 2 marks ]
2
(ii) State the function of R. Nyatakan fungsi R.
……………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(b) The somatic cell in Diagram 2.1 undergoes cell division as shown in Diagram 2.2.and Diagram 2.3 . Sel somatik dalam Rajah 2.1 telah menjalani pembahagian sel sepertimana ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.2 dan Rajah 2.3.
State the behaviour of the chromosomes in the spaces provided. Nyatakan perlakuan kromosom di dalam ruangan yang disediakan.
2(a)(ii)
1
6
Metaphase in mitosis
Metaphase I in meiosis
Peringkat Metafasa dalam mitosis
Peringkat Metafasa I dalam meiosis For Examiner’s Used
Diagram 2.2 Rajah 2.2
Diagram 2.3 Rajah 2.3
Behaviour of chromosome.
Behaviour of chromosome
Perlakuan kromosom
Perlakuan kromosom
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
.................................................................
2(b)
2
[ 2 marks ]
(c) State the number of daughter cells and number of chromosomes produced at the end of the process as in Diagram 2.3. Nyatakan bilangan sel anak dan bilangan kromosom yang dihasilkan pada akhir proses sepertimana dalam Rajah 2.3.
2(c) (i) Number of daughter cells / Bilangan sel anak : ............................................................ (ii) Number of chromosomes / Bilangan kromosom : ........................................................ [ 2 marks]
2
7 For Examiner’s
(d) Name two cells produ ed through meiosis in humans. Namakan dua sel yang ihasilkan melalui proses meosis dalam manusia .
Used
1 : .................................................................................................... ..............................
2(d)
2 : .................................................................................................... .............................. [2 marks]
2
(e) Diagram 2.4 and Di gram 2.5 shows the regeneration of a plana ia after being cut into three parts at point X and Y. . Rajah 2.4 dan Rajah 2. menunjukkan pertumbuhan semula planaria setelah dipotong kepada tiga bahagian p da titik X dan Y.
Diagram 2.4 Rajah 2.
Diagram 2.5 Rajah 2.
Explain the proc ss that causes the changes in the structure of the planarian from Diagram 2. to Diagram 2.5. Terangkan proses yang menyebabkan pertumbuhan semula pada planaria yang menghasilkan per bahan dari Rajah 2.4 kepada Rajah 2.5.
...………………
……………………………….………………
2(e)
…………………… 3
...………………
……………………………….………………
……………………
...………………
……………………………….………………
……………………
...………………
……………………………….………………
…………………… [ 3 marks ]
Total 2
12
8 For Examiner’s
3.
Figure 3.1 represe nts a model of the human lungs in the respir atory mechanism.
Used
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan satu model peparu manusia yang terlibat da am proses mekanisma respiras i.
Diagram 3.1
Diagram 3.1 / Rajah 3.1 (a) Based on the mo el of the lungs in Figure 3.1, what are the eq uivalent structures to the gl ass tube and the bell jar in the human respir atory system? Berdasarkan model peparu pada Rajah 3.1, apakah struktur yang di unjukkan oleh salur kaca dan balang loceng pada sistem respirasi manusia?
3(a)
Glass tube / Salur kaca :……………………………………………………………… Bell jar/ Balang lo eng :……………………………………………
………………. [2 marks]
2
(b) (i) The thin rubber sheet represents the diaphragm in the hum an respiratory system. What is the fu ction of the thin rubber sheet in the model o the lungs? Kepingan getah nipis mewakili diafragma pada sistem respirasi anusia. Apakah fungsi kepingan getah nipis ini dalam model peparu di at as?
3(b)(i) ………………
……………………………………………………………………….
………………
………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
1
9 For Examiner’s
(ii) The balloons represent the human lungs. Explain one characteristic of the balloons which is similar to the human lungs.
Used
Belon mewakili peparu manusia. Terangkan satu ciri belon yang sepadan dengan peparu manusia.
……………………..…………………………………………………………………..
3(b)(ii)
…………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]
2
(c) (i) The string in the model of the lungs is released.. Draw the changes to the balloons in Diagram 3.2 below. Tali pada model peperu dilepaskan. Lukiskan perubahan yang berlaku pada belon pada Rajah 3.2 di bawah.
3(c)(i) Diagram 3.2 [1 mark] (ii) Observe your drawing in (c)(i). Explain the relationship between the changes in the model of the lungs you have drawn and the real human respiratory system.
1
Kaji lukisan yang dilukis pada soalan (c)(i) di atas. Terangkan hubungan antara perubahan yang berlaku pada model peparu yag di lukis dengan keadaan sebenar sistem respirasi manusia.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. [3 marks]
3(b)(ii)
10
(d) (i) The percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in inspired and expired air is determined by using the J-tube. Why is the end of the J-tube dipped in potassium hydroxide solution and then followed by potassium pyrogallol solution?
For Examiner’s Used
Peratus kandungan gas oksigen dan karbon dioksida dalam udara sedut dan udara hembus dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan J-tube. Mengapakah hunjung J-tube direndam dalam larutan potassium hydrosida dan diikuti dengan larutan potasium pyrogalol?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
3(d)(i)
………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
1
(ii) Table 3.3 shows the result of a study on the content of inspired and expired air. Jadual 3.3 menunjukkan keputusan penentuan kandungan udara sedut dan udara hembus.
Expired air / %
Type of gas
Inspired air / %
Jenis gas
Udara sedut / %
Udara hembus / %
Oxygen / Oksigen
21.0
16.0
Carbon dioxide / Karbon dioksida
0..04
4.0
Nitrogen gas / Gas nitrogen
78.0
78.0
Vary / sedikit
Saturated / tepu
Water vapour / Wap air Table 3.3 Jadual 3.3
Explain why there is an increase in percentage of carbon dioxide in the expired air. Terangkan mengapakah peratus karbon dioksida bertambah dalam udara hembus.
3(d)(ii) ………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………….
2
………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]
Total A3
2
11
4. Diagram 4.1 shows a graph on how the endometrium in the human uterus varies in thickness with time. Fertilisation took place on the 16 th day of the second month.
For Examiner’s Used
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan graf bagaimana endometrium di dalam uterus manusia bebeza dari segi ketebalan mengikut masa. Persenyawaan berlaku pada hari ke 16 bulan kedua.
Diagram 4.1 Rajah 4.1
(a) (i ) State the process which took place at X. Nyatakan proses yang berlaku di X.
…………………...………………………………………………………….……….. …………………...………………………………………………………….……….. [ 1 mark ]
4(a)(i)
1
(ii) Based on the Diagram 4.1, state one reason to support your answer in (a) (i) Berdasarkan Rajah43.1, nyatakan satu sebab untuk menyokong jawapan anda di (a) ( i )
…………………...………………………………………………………….……….. 4(a)(ii) …………………...………………………………………………………….……….. …………………...………………………………………………………….……….. [ 1 mark ]
1
12
(b) ( i ) Complete the graph in Diagram 4.1 to show the changes in the thickness of the endometrium after day 22 in the second month until day 28 of the third month. Lengkapkan graf didalam Rajah 3.1 untuk menunjukkan perubahan pada ketebalan endometrium selepas hari ke 22 pada bulan kedua sehingga hari ke 28 pada bulan ketiga.
[ 1 mark ]
For Examiner’s Used
4(b)(i)
1
(ii) Explain why the thickness of the endometrium changes in the way shown in (b) (i). Nyatakan mengapa ketebalan endometrium berubah seperti yang di tunjukkan di (b) ( i)
…………………...………………………………………………………….……….. …………………...………………………………………………………….……….. …………………...………………………………………………………….……….. …………………...………………………………………………………….……….. [ 2 marks ] (c) ( i ) Based on the changes in Diagram 3.1, complete Diagram 3.2 to indicate the level of the hormone progesterone from the first to the third months. Berdasarkan perubahan pada Rajah 3.1, lengkapkan Rajah 3.2 untuk menunjukkan aras hormone progesterone dari bulan pertama ke bulan kedua . [ 1 mark ]
Diagram 4.2 Rajah 4.2
4(b)(ii)
1
13
(ii) Explain the changes in the level of progesterone in the three months as shown in Diagram 4.2.
For Examiner’s Used
Terangkan perubahan tahap progesterone dalam 3 bulan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4.2.
…………………...………………………………………………………….………..
4(b)(ii)
…………………...………………………………………………………….………..
2
…………………...………………………………………………………….……….. [ 2 marks ] (d) Explain the changes in the level of progesterone when the women faces menopause. Terangkan perubahan tahap progesteron apabila seseorang wanita itu telah putus haid
………………………...………………………………………………………….……….. ………..……………...…………………….…………………………………….……….. 4(d) ………………………...………………………………………………………….……….. ………………………...………………………………………………………….……….. [ 2 marks ]
2
Diagram 4.3 Rajah 4.3 (e) Diagram 4.3 shows the process of sperm formation in the human testis. Are cells V, cell W and cell X genetically identical? Explain. Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan proses pembentukan sperma di dalam testis manusia. Adakah sel V, sel W dan sel X seiras dari segi genetiknya? Terangkan.
[ 2 marks ]
4(e)
2 Total A4
12
14
For Examiner’s Used
5. Diagram 5.1 shows the karyotypes of individuals P and Q . Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan kariotip individu P dan Q
Diagram 5.1 Rajah 5.1
(a)
5(a)
Name process R / Namakan proses R
................................................................................................................
1
[1 mark ] (b) (i)
Write the number and type of chromosomes inherited by gametes T and V . Tuliskan jumlah dan jenis kromosome yang diwarisi oleh gamet T dan V.
Gamete T :.................................................................................................... Gamete V : .................................................................................................. [2 marks ]
5(b)(i)
2
(ii) Name two differences between gametes T and V . Nyatakan dua perbezaan diantara gamet T dan V
5(b)(ii)
1: ................................................................................................................... 2: ................................................................................................................... [2 marks]
2
15
(c) Colour blindness is a sex-linked disease which is inherited through the X chromosomes. The diagram below shows the inheritance of colour blind in a family.
For Examiner’s Used
Buta warna adalah satu penyakit rangkaian seks yang diwarisi melalui kromosom X. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan perwarisan buta warna di dalam keluarga.
(i) Complete the diagram 5.2 to show the inheritance of colour blind in the family. Lengkapkan Rajah 5.2 yang menunjukkan perwarisan buta warna di dalam keluarga
5(c)(i)
Diagram 5.2
2
Rajah 5.2
[3 marks] (ii) Based on your answers in (c)(i), state the percentage of the offspring that would suffer from colour blindness. Berdasarkan jawapan anda di ( c ) (i), nyatakan peratus bilangan anak yang akan menghidapi buta warna.
....................................................................................................................................... [1 mark ] (iii) Name another example of sex-linked disease. Namakan satu contoh lain penyakit rangkaian seks
....................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
5(c)(ii)
1
5(c)(iii)
1
16
(d) A papaya farmer wants to produce a large number of Exotica papaya in the shortest time possible. State the best technique to use by the farmer. What is the genetic advantage of using this technique?
For Examiner’s Used
Seorang peladang betik ingin menghasilkan betik Exotica dalam kuantiti yang banyak dalam masa yang singkat. Nyatakan teknik yang terbaik yang boleh digunakan oleh peladang tersebut. Apakah kelebihan menggunakan teknik ini dari segi genetic?
....................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................ [2 marks ]
5(d)
1
Total A5
12
17
Sections B Bahagian B
[40 marks] [40 markah ]
Answer any two questions. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan.
6. (a) (i) Diagram 6.1 shows the formation of glomerular filtrate in process Y during urine formation. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan pembentukan turasan glomerular melalui proses Y semasa pembentukan urin.
Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1
Base on Diagram 6.1 , describe briefly the formation of the glomerular filtrate Berdasarkan Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, huraikan secara ringkas pembentukan turasan glomerular.
[ 4 marks ]
18
(ii) En. Kamal was informed by his doctor that his left kidney fail to function. By using your biology knowledge, explain the effect of his kidney failure on his health and give a suggestion to overcome this problem. En. Kamal telah dimaklumkanoleh doktornya akan kegagalan fungsi buah pinggang kirinya . Dengan menggunakan pengetahuan biologi anda, terangkan kesan kegagalan fungsi buah pinggang ke atas kesihatan beliau dan berikan cadangan untuk membantu mengatasi masalah ini.
[ 6 marks ]
(c) Table 6 .2 shows the concentration of solutes in the blood plasma, glomorular filtration and urine of an adult. Jadual 6 menunjukkan kepekatan bahan dalam plasma darah, turasan glomerular dan air kencing seorang dewasa.
Concentration of solutes (g/dm 3) 3
Solute
Kepekatan larutan (g/dm )
Bahan
Glucose Glukosa
Amino acid Asid amino
Protein Protein
Urea Urea
Sodium ion, Na + +
Ion Natrium, Na
Blood plasma
Glomerular filtrate
Urine
Plasma darah
Turasan glomerular
Air kencing
1.0
1.0
0.0
1.5
1.5
0.0
80.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
20.0
3.2
3.2
1.6
Table 6.2 / Jadual 6.2
Base on the Table 6.2 , explain why the concentration of solutes in the plasma, glomerular filtration and urine of the adult are differ. Berdasarkan Jadual 6, terangkan mengapa kepekatan bahan dalam plasma darah, turasan glomerular dan air kencing seorang dewasa tersebut berbeza.
[ 10 marks ]
19
7. (a ) Diagram 7.1 and 7.2 shows the distribution of two type of variations in human. Rajah 7.1 dan 7.2 menunjukkan dua jenis variasi pada manusia.
Diagram 7.1 / Rajah 7.1
Diagram 7.2 / Rajah 7.2
With a suitable examples, explain the type of variation for characteristic P and characteristic Q. Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, terangkan jenis variasi yang ditunjukkan oleh ciri P dan ciri Q.
[4 marks]
(b) Diagram 7.3 shows few stages that involved in the production of insulin hormone through genetic engeneering technology.. Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada peringkat yang terlibat dalam proses penghasilan hormon insulin melalui teknologi kejuruteraan genetik.
Diagram 7.3 / Rajah 7.3
20
By using your biol ogy knowledge, explain how this technology can be use in insulin hormone p oduction. Berdasarkan penge ahuan biologi anda , huraikan bagaimana teknol gi ini dijalankan bagi menghasilkan ormon insulin .
[6 markah]
(c)
Rajah 7.4.1 shows differences among cats. Diagram 7.4.2 sh ws the factors affected the differ nces. Rajah 7.4.1 memp rlihatkan perbezaan antara individu –individu dalam satu keluarga kucing. Rajah 7.4.2 pula menunjukkan faktor-faktor terlibat yang m nyebabkan perbezaan itu.
Diaram 7.4.1 / Rajah 7.4.1
Diagram 7.4.2 / Rajah 7.4.2 Explain how this f ctors in the diagram will cause the differenc s among the cats in Diagrams 7.4.1. Huraikan bagaiman faktor-faktor dalam rajah boleh menyebabkan ahli-ahli keluarga kucing dalam Rajah 7.4.1.
erbezaan antara
[10 markah]
21
8
Sexual reproduction in plants involve the production of pollen grains and ovules. Pembiakan seksual dalam tumbuhan melibatkan penghasilan butir debunga dan ovul.
(a) By using a flow chart describe how pollen grains are formed in plants. Huraikan pembentukan butir debunga di dalam tumbuhan dengan menggunakan carta alir.
[10 marks ]
Reproduction technology has contributed a lot to human health and population growth. Teknologi pembiakan telah banyak menyumbang kepada kesihatan dan pertumbuhan populasi manusia .
(b) Describe how infertility is overcome in humans using the following methods: Huraikan bagaimana kemandulan pada manusia boleh diatasi dengan menggunakan kaedah-kaedah berikut : •
Sperm banking [ Bank sperma]
•
Artificial insemination [ Permanian beradas]
•
In vitro fertilization [Persenyawaan in vitro]
•
Surrogate mother [Ibu tumpang] [10 marks ]
22
9. (a) A group of farmers planned to develop an agriculture nearby the lake. Besides to obtaining a high agriculture yield, they suggested that the area be made into a eco-tourism area. The following are a part of the details of their planning : Sekumpulan peladang merancang menjalankan aktiviti pertanian berhampiran sebuah tasik. Selain menguruskan ladang pertanian, mereka bercadang untuk membangunkan satu kawasan perlancongan. Rancangan pertanian yang dirancangkan adalah seperti di bawah:
Type of plants
: Strawberry and rose plant.
Jenis Tanaman
: Strawberi dan bunga ros.
Location
: Near a natural lake.
Lokasi
: Berhampiran tasik semulajadi.
Type of fertilisers used: Compost, lead nitrat salt, potassium nitrate, magnesium nitrate and phosphate . Jenis baja yang digunakan: Baja kompos, garam nitrat, potasium nitrat, magnesium nitrat dan fosfat.
Based on the detail above, explain the effect on the lake if their planning is not managed properly. Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, terangkan kesan ke atas tasik ini akibat pengurusan yang tidak terancang .
[10 marks]
23
(b) Diagram 9 shows one phenomenon in the ecosystem due to an unplanned development. Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu fenomena dalam ekosistem yang disebabkan oleh pembangunan yang tidak terancang.
Diagram 9 Diagram 9
Based on the Diagram 9, explain the phenomenon and its effect to the environment. Berdasarkan Rajah 9, terangkan fenomena ini dan kesan-kesannya terhadap alam sekitar.
[10 marks]
END OF QUESTION PAPER KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT
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NOMBOR SOALAN :
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INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES MAKLUMAT KEPADA CALON
1. This question paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian: Bahagian A dan Bahagian B. 2. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers for Section A clearly in spaces provided in the question paper. Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A. Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian A hendaklah ditulis pada ruang yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan ini. 3. Answer any two questions from Section B. Write your answers for Section B on the answer sheet provided in the question paper. You may use equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada Bahagian B . Jawapan anda bagi Bahagian B hendaklah ditulis dalam ruangan jawapan yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan. Anda boleh menggunakan persamaan, rajah, jadual, graf, dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan jawapan anda. 4. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated. Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan .
5. The marks allocated for each question or sub-part of a question are shown in brackets. Markah yang diperuntukan bagi setiap soalan atau ceraian soalan ditunjukkan dalam kurungan .
6. If you wish to change your answer, cross out the answer that you have done. Then write down the new answer. Jika anda hendak menukar jawapan, batalkan jawapan yang telah dibuat. Kemudian tulis jawapan yang baru. 7. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator. Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogram .
8. You are advised to spend 90 minute to answer question in Section A and 60 minutes for Section B. Anda dinasihati supaya mengambil masa 90 minit untuk menjawab soalan dalam Bahagian A dan 60 minit untuk Bahagian B.
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TRIAL SPM MELAKA 2010 MARKING SCHEME BIOLOGY PAPER 2 ������� �
No 1 (a) (i) (ii)
(b)(i)
Leaf P:: Pollisade mesophyll Q: Sponge mesophyll R: Xylem S: Floem Absorbing sun light (/)
(b)(ii) •
(c)
(d)
•
(ii)
(b)
Max
1 3 = 1 mark 4= 2 marks
1 2
1 1
2
1 1
2
1 1 4 1 1 1 1
spinach cell become flaccid // plasmolysed water diffuse out of the cell by osmosis the cytoplasma abd the vacuole will shrink the cell membrane pull away from the cell wall
12 marks
P: chromosome R: centromer
1 1
2
Hold two sister chromatid together
1
1
Diagram 2.2: Chromosomes align at the equator of the spindle fibre / metaphase plate Diagram 2.3: Homologous chromosomes align at the equater of the spindle fibre / metaphase plate.
(c) (i) (ii) (d)
consist abundant of chloroplast that contain chlorophyll chlorophyll absorb sunlight for photosynthesis
R: consist of xylem vessel, tracheid, parenchyma and xylem fibre; more than one type of cell S: consist of cell companion cell, sieve tube, parenchyma, phloem fibre; more than one type of cell. -
2 (a)(i)
Mark
Marking Criteria
4
1 1
2
1 1
2
1
30
1
2 (e)
1. ovum / egg cell 2. sperm / spermatids
1 1 1
- Mitosis produce new cells - That are identical to planaria body cell - The cells are used to regenerate new part / organ of planaria bodies 3. (a)
(b)(i) (ii)
2
3 12 mark
Trachea / Rib cage / ribs
1 1
2
To increase / decrease the pressure / volume in the bell jar
1
1
1 1
2
1
1
- elastic (c) (i) - can expand (inhalation) and contract/ decrease in size (exhalation ) - both balloons decrease in size
(ii)
d(i)
(ii)
- the string represent the diaphragm - when the diaphragm muscles contract, - the volume of the thorax increase - this will decrease the thorax pressure - air will be inhale -
-
4(a)
To prevent oxygen gas being absorbed by the potassium pyrogallol solution as it can absorb both carbon dioxide and oxygen . The concentration of carbon dioxide is higher in the cell body; released from the cellular respiration Carbon dioxide diffuse into the blood to be transport to the lungs.
1 1 1 1
3 1
1 1 1 1
2 12 marks
31
(i) (ii)
Menstruation The endometrium begins to break down
1
1
1
1
1
1
(b)(i)
(ii)
(c ) (i)
P1 : The endometrium begin to became thicker, for preparation for the implantation of a fertilized ovum P2 : The endometrium keep thickening due to the level of progesterone and oestrogen continue to rise because fertilization occurs. P3 : The corpus luteum continues to secrete oestrogen and progesterone
1 1
1 ( any 2)
2
1 1
(ii)
1 1
(d)
P1 : Increasing in progesterone level will stimulate the
1 1
2
32
(e)
uterine wall to became thicker P2 : When the fertilization occur, the level of progesterone continue to rise to ensure the uterine walls continue to grow and nourish the embryo
1 ( any 2) 1 1
2
2
12
P1 :The level of progesterone become lower P2: Ovaries are less stimulated by FSH and LH P3: P2 lead to inhibits the development of the follicles and ovulation F : Cell V is similar to cell W but is different from cell X. P : Cell V and cell W are products of mitosis whereas cell X is a product of meiosis.
5 ( a) (b) (i) (ii)
Process R .: Meiosis
1
1
Gamete T : 22 + XY Gamete V : 22 + XX
1 1
2
1 1
2
Gametes T have a pair of homologous chromosomes that have different sizes, chromosomes pair XY Gametes V consists of all chromosomes pairs with the same size and homologous,
(c) (i)
1
3 1
33
1 1 1
1 1
(ii) (iii)
1 1
(d)
1 1 (F + any P)
Normal Female blindness Female carrier
Normal male
2
Colour
12
male
25% haemofilia F : Tissue Culture P1: Able to obtain good characteristics that can be used commercially(selectivity) P2: Can be conducted any time and does not need any pollinating agents as it is carried out in the laboratory
Section B: 6. (a)(i) Process Y = ultrafiltration A process whereby F1 – water and solutes from glomerulus being forced to filter through the membrane of Bowman’s capsule F2 - by the high hydrostatic pressure F3 - forming glomerular filtrate that contains water, glucose, amino acids, urea, mineral salts and other small molecules (ii) F1 - less efficient in filtration of waste products and excess water in blood plasma P1- as a result, urea uric acid/ creatinine / salt concentration will be increase P2 - increase the blood pressure
1 1 ` 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
34
F1 - use haemodialysis machine / kidney transplant F2 - to replace the function of kidney; filtrate all the waste product and excess water. (b)
7. (a)
F1 – Glucose reabsorb by facilitated diffusion into blood capillary E1 – Glucose needed by our body F2 – Acid amino reabsorb by facilated diffusion E2 – Acid amino is needed for body growth / tissue repair F3 – Protein is a big molecule and cannot move via membrane plasma. E3 – Protein is still circulate in blood capillary. F4 – Urea is secreted substances and cannot move back to blood capillary E4 – Water is reabsorb by osmosis and the concentrate of urea increase. F5 – Sodium ion is move back to blood capillary via active transport E5 – Sodium is importance for maintain the blood pressure. F1 - Height // weight E1 - continuouse variation becouse have differences very slightly E1 – Controls by environment.
F2 - Blood type E2 – discontinuouse variation / E2 - controls by genetics.
(b)
- The gene for the insulin is isolated from human pancreas cell - The bacterial plasmid is isolated (DNA found in bacteria) - The bacterial plasmid is cut by using enzyme - The enzyme used to incorporate gene for insulin production into the plasmid - the bacteria are cultured in bioreactor - the plasmid replicate as a bacteria divide asexually . � the bacteria can produce insuline in large quantity, purified
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 (max 2) 1 1 1 (max 2)
10 20 marks
4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (max
6
35 6)
and isolate.
c)
F1 – meiosis P1- produce varies gamet with different genetic contents; P2- through homologous chromosomes random assortment during metaphase 1 F2- Fertilization P3- random fertilization between sperm and ovum P4 – produce zygote with varies genetic materials.
F3 – crossing over P5 – crossing over occurs between the homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 - result recombinants gens - produce varies gamete cells
8.(a)
Pollen sac and pollen parental cell Meiosis Microspore/pollen
• • •
Able to link using lines/arrow correctly
Sample answer Pollen sac
C1
Pollen parental cell C2
Meiosis
microspores
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
10
20 marks
1 1 1
1 4 marks
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C3 C4 Able to describe how pollen grains are formed in plants Pollen grains are male gametes (produced in the anther/pollen sac (pollen sac) contains diploid pollen parental cell/ pollen mother cell/ microspore mother cell (each pollen mother cell) undergoes meiosis Producing 4 haploid microspores(n) nucleus of (every) microspore undergoes mitosis forming two nuclei The generative nucleus and the tube nucleus Microspore with surfaces adapted for dispersion and is now called pollen •
•
• • •
• •
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (any 6)
(b)
Sperm bank Used when the man/spouse/male suffers from low sperm count/production of weak/unhealthy sperms Sperms are donated and donor’s identity is recorded/secret Genetic biodata of donor and the woman recipient should match for successful fertilization •
1
•
•
Artificial insemination Practiced by a couple when the man is sterile •
1 1
10 marks
37
Donor’s sperm are injected into the womans uterus during ovulation No sexual intercourse is involved The genetic background and health of donor is screenned before acceptance
•
1 1
• •
In vitro fertilization Practiced when the woman’s ovum cannot be fertilized due to blockage of fallopian tube Ovum is extracted (from the woman) and fertilized outside the body/in Petri dish/test tube Fertilized ovum/zygote grows in culture medium Than it is implanted into the woman’s uterus
1 1
•
•
1 1
• •
Surrogate mother Method practiced when a woman cannot be pregnant in normal way The zygote is obtained by invitro fertilization Another woman is implanted with the couple zygote (Surrogate mother) carries the baby only until it is born
1 1 1
•
• •
•
9 (a)
Based on the detail above, explain the effect on the lake if their planning is not managed properly. F1 - the leaching of chemical fertiliser/phosphate/nitrate from agriculture area to the lake E1 - Increase the fertility of the lake E2 - Encourages eutrophication (encourage algal growth)
1 1 1 1 (any 10)
1
1 1 1 1
10 mark (20 mark)
