Your Birthpath or Destiny number, derived from your date of birth, is the single most influential number of the numeroscope. It symbolizes your characteristic approach to life and describes those v...
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Class 2 Continuous Load Path Concepts
Load Paths
Loads must go to “ground” Vertical loads
Gravity Uplift
Lateral loads
Wind Earthquake Flood
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Building Design – Fall 2007
2
Load Paths
Bridge loads
Headers
Beams
Girders
Interaction with the ground
Shallow – spread, slab, stem wall
Deep – piles, caissons, friction, bearing
Possible failures – slope failure, liquefaction, erosion, excessive moisture
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Load Paths Vertical
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Deck collapse – gravity failure
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Foundation gravity failure
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Uplift failure
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Uplift column failure
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Flood
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Lateral displacement
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Earthquake
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Wind
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Vertical and Lateral paths OK
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Lateral failure from wind
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Lateral wind failure
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Slope failure
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Masonry piers
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Beams – carrying loads
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Headers: bridging loads
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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WTC-7 (Bridging loads failure) 47 story building
housed city’s OEM
some missile impacts
burned uncontrolled for 8 hours
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7 story electric substation diesel fuel in building in several tanks
Building Design – Fall 2007
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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WTC 7 - 7th Floor Plan
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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WTC 7 Penthouses start to collapse
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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WTC 7 Interior collapse continues - note the “kink”
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Load Path Concepts
Materials chosen with sufficient strength Connections made with sufficient size, strength, and number Any weak link could be a failure point Load path requires appropriate soil bearing capacity Soil must be able to maintain bearing capacity
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Vertical gravity loads
Creates compression in members
Creates shear in connections
What materials and connections perform well in compression?
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Vertical gravity loads
Masonry
Concrete
Steel
Wood (of proper size)
Reinforcing steel for masonry and concrete
Bolts
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Vertical gravity load
Compression failures are most likely…?
Buckling
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Vertical uplift loads
Creates tension in members
Creates shear or withdrawal in connections
What materials and connections perform well in tension?
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Vertical uplift loads
Steel
Wood
Bolts or welding for steel
Bolts for wood
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Building Design – Fall 2007
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Lateral loads
Creates compression in wall panels
Creates bending in single members
Creates shear at panel edges
Creates compression in struts between panels or members
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Homework 1 – Due 9/12/07
Find and mark the load paths on the 2 attached sketches Sketch headers, girders or beams as bridging loads Take the loads into the foundation which is a pile system
