Levantamento de Cargas

Nlnzeé g N Agzoan peéãg @n Cevie $$$

6='0'6252

yy (flgièancehoce(cga( v

S~aåvog 5

OHPVG@^ÉÃG

>

6

CLESSOJOCEÉÃG @GS SOSPNAES @N AGZOANHPEÉÃG @N CEVIES

>

6(5

CLESSOJOCEÉÞNS NARÁVOCES

>

6(6

CLESSOJOCEÉÃG FESNE@E HE CEVIE HGAOHEL

:

6(3

CLESSOJOCEÉÃG FESNE@E HE J(N(A(

9

3

RVOHCOREOS VOSCGS @GS SOSPNAES @N AGZOANHPEÉÃG @N CEVIES

9

3(5

IVÊS, RGHPNS VGLEHPNS, IÔHCMGS, @OJNVNHCOEOS N G^PVGS EREVNLMGS @N NLNZEÉÃG

9

3(6

PVEHSRGVPE@GVNS RHNÂÅPOCGS, RGV IVEZO@E@N, @N CGVVNOE, @N CE@NOES, @N VGLGS N @N

REVEJ^SGS SNA JOA(

3(3

?

CEVVGS @N PVEHSRGVPN ANCÆHOCG N AEHÊL ! NAROLME@NOVES N CEVVGS @N AÃG

55

0

E CEVIE4 RNSG N CNHPVG @N IVEZO@E@N

56

>

SOSPNAES @N AGZOANHPEÉÃG @N CEVIE

53

>(5

PVEHSRGVPE@GVNS MO@VÅ^LOCGS

53

>(5(5 @E@GS PÏCHOCGS RVOHCOREOS

50

>(6

ELEZEHCE CGA VG@ES

50

>(3

IÔH@ESPN

5>

>(3(5 PORGS AEOS ^SÊOS

>(0

5>

>(3(5(5

I~ohèspn sgfvn nspnove cga lehée pvnloéeè

5>

>(3(5(6

I~ohèspn sgfvn ceaohmãg cga lehée pvnloéeè

5:

>(3(5(3

I~ohèspn mo`vå~locg sgfvn ceaohmãg cga lehée pnlnscóroce

59

>(3(5(0

I~ohèspn e~pgrvgr~lsgv cga lehée pnlnscóroce

59

>(3(5(>

I~ohèspn sgfvn rn`nspel

5=

NAROLME@NOVES

5?

>(0(5 PORGS @N NSPEFOLO@E@N4

65

6 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

>(>

RGHPN VGLEHPN

65

>(>(5 PORGS @N RGHPNS VGLEHPNS

66

>(>(5(5

Rghpn vglehpn ergoeè ~hozoie

66

>(>(5(6

Rghpn vglehpn ergoeè `~rle!zoie

63

>(>(5(3

Rghpn vglehpn s~srnhse

60

>(:

RÓVPOCG N SNAORÓVPOCG

6>

>(9

PELMES

6:

:

@OCES @N SNI^VEHÉE HE GRNVEÉÃG @N PELMES N RGHPNS VGLEHPNS

69

9

SOSPNAES @N EAEVVEÉÃG @N CEVIE

6?

5(5

UÊL LOHIE REVE UÊL ERLOCEÉÃG7

6?

5(6

CGV@ES

35

5(3

CEFGS @N EÉG

33

9(6

9(5(5 CLESSOJOCEÉÃG UÊHPG Â ELAE

30

9(5(6 PGVÉÃG

30

9(5(3 JLN]OFOLO@E@N

3:

9(5(0 PORGS

3:

9(5(> PEFNLE @N @OÆANPVGS O@NEOS @N PEAFGVNS N RGLOES

3=

9(5(: VNSOSPÄHCOE @GS CEFGS @N EÉG

3=

COHPES

3?

9(6(5 SNI^VEHÉE PEAFÏA VNU^NV OHSRNÉÃG

06

9(6(6

06

52 OPNHS REVE Â LNZEHPEANHPG SNI^VG 4

9(6(3 JGVAES @N LNZEHPEANHPG 9(3

9(0

03

CGVVNHPNS REVE LOHIES

03

9(3(5 CGVVNHPNS SGL@E@ES

00

9(3(6 CGVVNHPNS JGVDE@ES

00

9(3(3 LOHIES @N CGVVNHPNS

00

LOHIES CGAFOHE@ES

0:

9(0(5 CEFG ! CGVVNHPN ! CEFG4

0:

9(0(6 CGVVNHPN CGA NHC^VPE@GV ! CEFG(

09

9(0(3 CGVVNHPN ! COHPES(

09

9(0(0 CGVVNHPN ! LEÉG SOHPÏPOCG

09

9(0(> CGAFOHEÉÃG CGVVNHPN + COHPE

09


9(>

AG@GS @N AGZOANHPEÉÃG 9(>(5 AGZOANHPEÉÃG CGA PVEZNSSÞNS

=

CGHCL^SÃG

09 >6 >3


5 OHPVG@^ÉÃG E agzoanhpeéãg `n cevies cgarvnnh`n es grnveéþns `n nlnzeéãg, pvehsrgvpn n `nscevie `n gfdnpgs, u~n rg`n snv njnp~eè aeh~elanhpn g~ cga vnc~vsg e sospnaes ancæhocgs( E agzoanhpeéãg ancæhoce `n cevies rnvaopn u~n, `n ~a ag`g rlehne`g n sni~vg, n cga vnc~vsg e ~a `npnvaohe`g cghd~hpg `n aepnvoeos n anogs, sn agzoanhpna cevies `n ~a `npnvaohe`g rghpg reve g~pvg( Nspe grnveéãg cgarvnnh`n es sni~ohpns jesns4 





nlnzeéãg -g~ cevie/; aehgfve lozvn -g~ agzoanhpeéãg/; essnhpeanhpg -g~ `nscevie/(

6 CLESSOJOCEÉÃG @GS SOSPNAES @N AGZOANHPEÉÃG @N CEVIES Gs sospnaes `n agzoanhpeéãg ancæhoce `n cevies sãg hgvaelanhpn clessojoce`gs `n pväs jgvaes òjnvnhpns4 





Clessojoceéþns narávoces Clessojoceéãg fesneè he cevie hgaohel Clessojoceéãg fesneè he J(N(A( - Jn`nveéãg N~vgrnoe `n Agzoanhpeéãg /

6(5 Clessojoceéþns narávoces Gs sospnaes snlncoghe`gs reve g `nsnarnhmg ès aeos zevoeès grnveéþns nspãg `nrnh`nhpns `n a~opgs jepgvns( Gs nu~oreanhpgs `n agzoanhpeéãg snvãg fna nscglmo`gs sn gfpoznvags, vnlepozeanhpn âs òznvses jesns `n grnveéãg -nlnzeéãg, aehgfve lozvn n essnhpeanhpg/, vnsrgspes âs sni~ohpns u~nspþns4 G u~ä7 Gh`n7 U~eh`g7 Cgag7 @~vehpn7

> yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

G u~ä7 ! E cevie e agzoanhpev ï nsp~èè na pgès es s~es cevecpnváspoces u~n

`nzna ohcl~ov g hgan `g aepnvoel cghspop~ohpn, e s~e cgargsoéãg u~áaoce, nspe`g jásocg, jgvae, cerecoè`n, pn}p~ve, porg `n nafeleina, è`gs `n sni~vehée, npou~npes `n ezosg `n rnvoig, hôanvg `n nafeleinhs n aesse pgpel( Gh`n7 ! Ï hncnssåvog cghmncnv, cga rvncosãg, g lgcel è cevie n `nscevie( U~eh`g7 ! E èpe n e mgve, essoa cgag es cghòéþns anpngvglóioces hgs lgceos `n

cevie n `nscevie( Cgag7 – Ï hncnssåvog u~n `~vehpn e grnveéãg, sn pnhmea na cghpe gs

`gc~anhpgs gjocoeos hncnssåvogs, peos cgag, locnhées reve g pvehsrgvpn g~ nznhp~el hncnssoè`n `n ecgarehmeanhpg `n e~pgvoè`ns gjocoeos( @~vehpn7 ! U~ehpg pnarg snvå hncnssåvog reve njnp~ev g pvehsrgvpn n u~eos gs

anogs m~aehgs n nu~oreanhpgs hncnssåvogs( Na vns~ag, gs rvohcoreos jepgvns e pnv na cghso`nveéãg sãg gs sni~ohpns4        

Porg n cevecpnváspoces è cevie; Porg n oargvpæhcoe è ohpnvznhéãg m~aehe; Háznl è ohcl~sãg `n anogs e~}oloevns `n agzoanhpeéãg; Porg n oargvpæhcoe è revpocoreéãg `n anogs ancæhocgs; Porgs `n nhnvioes essgcoeès eg sospnae `n agzoanhpeéãg `n cevie; Porg n oargvpæhcoe è ohcl~sãg `n anogs `n cgaeh`g; Porg n oargvpæhcoe è ohcl~sãg `n sospnaes ohpnloinhpns; Vopags n ce`ähcoes `g sospnae `n agzoanhpeéãg ès cevies(

6(6 Clessojoceéãg fesneè he cevie hgaohel Gs sospnaes `n agzoanhpeéãg `n cevies ohcl~na hg sn~ iv~rg gs erevnlmgs u~n nlnzea n agzoanhpea cevies c~des aesses nspãg efvehioès rnlgs loaopns ès s~es cerecoè`ns hgaoheos( Cga fesn hnspe clessojoceéãg, nhpnh`n!sn rgv cevie hgaohel, cevie aå}oae `n nlnzeéãg g~ cerecoè`n `n cevie e cevie aå}oae u~n g erevnlmg `n nlnzeéãg rg`n s~srnh`nv( Nspe clessojoceéãg `å ~ae rvoanove ohòceéãg è cerecoè`n `n ~a erevnlmg `n nlnzeéãg(

: yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

6(3 Clessojoceéãg fesneè he J(N(A( Nspe clessojoceéãg ï fesneè he “Pnvaohglgioe Ol~spveè `gs Erevnlmgs `n Nlnzeéãg `n Sïvon “ u~n e J(N(A( -Jï`ïvepogh N~vgrïnhhn `n le Aeh~pnhpogh/ r~flocg~ na 5?:2, u~n erós zåvoes nòéþns, rgss~o ep~elanhpn es sni~ohpns Snéþns4 















Snéãg O ! Erevnlmgs rnse`gs `n nlnzeéãg n agzoanhpeéãg Snéãg OO ! Pvehsrgvpe`gvns cghpáh~gs Snéãg OOO ! Pvehsrgvpe`gvns eïvngs - Pnlnjïvocgs / Snéãg OZ ! Narolme`noves Snéãg Z ! Iv~es aóznos Snéãg ZOO ! Nlnze`gvns, nsceès vglehpns n pernpns vglehpns Snéãg O] ! Erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg sïvon Sncéãg ] ! Nu~oreanhpgs n rvgcnssgs `n evaetnheina

G u~e`vg sni~ohpn `å!hgs ~ae o`noe `g porg `n nu~oreanhpgs rnvpnhcnhpns e ceè ~ae `nspes snéþns(

Joi~ve 5 ! Clessojoceéãg `gs erevnlmgs `n sïvon sni~h`g e JNA4 e/ Snéãg O ;f/OO ;c/OZ; `/Z; n/ZOO; j/O]

3 RVOHCOREOS VOSCGS @GS SOSPNAES @N AGZOANHPEÉÃG @N CEVIES 3(5 Iv~es, rghpns vglehpns, i~ohcmgs, òjnvnhcoeos n g~pvgs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg


Pg`gs gs nlnanhpgs è nspv~p~ve, ancehosag, jo}eéãg n ecnssóvogs `gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna snv `n fge cghspv~éãg, `n aepnvoeos ervgrvoe`gs n vnsospnhpns, n snv aehpo`gs na fga nspe`g `n cghsnvzeéãg n j~hcogheanhpg( Gs iehcmgs `gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna nspev a~ho`gs `n òsrgsopozgs `n sni~vehée u~n oarnéea e j~ie `g cefg `n s~srnhsãg( Gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg ecoghe`gs nlnpvoceanhpn `nzna snv nu~ore`gs cga loaope`gvns `n nlnzeéãg u~n cgvpna e~pgaepoceanhpn e cgvvnhpn nlïpvoce u~eh`g e cevie ~lpveressev g loaopn s~rnvogv `g c~vsg u~n lmn nspå jo}e`g( Gs i~ohcmgs `gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna snv cghcnfo`gs `n ag`g e u~n e `nscoè ès cevies sn jeée cga g agpgv nafveoe`g n hãg na u~nè lozvn( Pg`gs gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna snv rvgzo`gs `n jvnogs celc~le`gs n ohspele`gs `n aehnove e rg`nv s~rgvpev njocetanhpn ~ae cevie u~n epohde, rnlg anhgs, znt n anoe e cevie e~pgvoteè( Gs óviãgs `n cgaeh`g `nzna snv cglgce`gs na lgceos `n jåcol ecnssg, ohòcev cleveanhpn es aehgfves e u~n sn `nspohea n snv rvgpnio`gs cghpve ecogheanhpg eco`nhpel( Na ceè erevnlmg `n nlnzeéãg ecoghe`g e~pgaepoceanhpn `nzn!sn ervnsnhpev, `n jgvae fna zosáznl, e ohòceéãg è cevie aå}oae eàossáznl( @nzn snv jo}eè d~hpg `g cgh`~pgv, essoa cgag he revpn ohjnvogv `g erevnlmg, e ohòceéãg `gs sn~s loaopns `n narvnig, pnh`g na cghpe, nsrncoelanhpn, g zelgv n rgsoéãg `g cghpvernsg, e gvonhpeéãg n ohcloheéãg è lehée, e cevie lnzehpeè na j~héãg `g zãg n e znlgcoè`n `g znhpg cgarepáznl cga e nspefoloè`n( E nspefoloè`n n e ehcgveina `n iv~es n rghpns vglehpns u~n pvefelmea eg ev lozvn `nzna snv essni~veès pnh`g na epnhéãg es aeos jgvpns rvnssþns `g znhpg, sni~h`g es cghòéþns lgceos n es sglocopeéþns aeos `nsjezgvåznos vns~lpehpns ès aehgfves `n cevie( Hes n}pvnaoè`ns `gs ceaohmgs `n vgleanhpg `n erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg sgfvn cevvos `nzna n}ospov òsrgsopozgs `n reveina( E nlnzeéãg n pvehsrgvpn `n cevies rgv erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna snv vni~le`gs rgv ~a cóòig `n soheloteéãg u~n cgargvpn, reve ceè aehgfve, ~a sohel òspohpg = yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

jnopg, `n rvnjnvähcoe, rgv agzoanhpgs `gs fveégs g~ ès aãgs, `nznh`g gs sohelnovgs snv jecolanhpn o`nhpojocåznos â zospe( Gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna snv ohsrncoghe`gs n s~fanpo`gs e rvgze rgv rnssge cgarnpnhpn ehpns è s~e ohspeleéãg n vncganég `n j~hcogheanhpg erós reveina rvglghieè g~ ezevoe( Gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna snv n}eaohe`gs òevoeanhpn rnlg vnsrncpozg cgh`~pgv n ohsrncoghe`gs rnvogòceanhpn rgv u~elu~nv g~pve rnssge mefolopeè, zevoeh`g g rnvág`g u~n `ncgvvn nhpvn es ohsrnéþns `gs òjnvnhpns nlnanhpgs cga gs nsjgvégs e u~n nspndea s~fanpo`gs( Gs cefgs, cgvvnhpns, iehcmgs, lohies, peafgvns, jvnogs n loaope`gvns `n c~vsg `nzna snv n}eaohe`gs cgarlnpe n c~oè`gseanhpn, rnlg anhgs, ~ae znt rgv snaehe( Gs cgh`~pgvns `gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg `nzna nzopev, pehpg u~ehpg rgssáznl, pvehsrgvpev es cevies rgv coae `gs pvefelme`gvns n `gs lgceos gh`n e s~e nznhp~el u~nè rgsse cghspop~ov rnvoig( U~eh`g snde hncnssåvog `nslgcev, rgv coae `gs lgceos `n pvefelmg, cevies rnvoigses, peos cgag anpel na j~sãg g~ gfdnpgs rvnsgs e nlnpvgáaãs, `nzn!sn lehéev ~a sohel `n e`znvpähcoe njocet, e joa `n elnvpev gs pvefelme`gvns reve efeh`ghevna e tghe rnvoigse( Gs cgh`~pgvns `gs erevnlmgs `n nlnzeéãg hãg gs `nzna `no}ev sna zoiolæhcoe u~eh`g nspoznv s~srnhse ~ae cevie(

3(6 Pvehsrgvpe`gvns rhn~aåpocgs, rgv ivezoè`n, `n cgvvnoe, `n ce`noes, `n vglgs n `n revej~sgs sna joa( Gs nlnanhpgs cevvnie`gvns `gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns `nzna snv s~joconhpnanhpn vnsospnhpns reve s~rgvpevna, cga pgè e sni~vehée, es cevies rvnzospes( G cghd~hpg `g ancehosag `n pvehsrgvpn `nzn snv cghspv~á`g `n aehnove e nzopev g voscg `n nsaeieanhpg nhpvn gs óviãgs aóznos n nhpvn nspns n gs óviãgs g~ gfdnpgs jo}gs( Gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns eïvngs `n ecnssg jvnu~nhpn `nzna snv rvgzo`gs `n resseòégs g~ rlepejgvaes nspefnlnco`gs na pg`g g sn~ cgarvoanhpg( Nspns resseòégs g~ ? yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

rlepejgvaes `nzna pnv, rnlg anhgs, 2,0> a `n levi~ve, snv a~ho`gs, `n eafgs gs le`gs `n i~evè!cgvrgs n vgèrïs n aehpnv!sn `nsnafeveée`gs `n u~eosu~nv aepnvoeos g~ gfdnpgs( Gs rezoanhpgs `gs resseòégs eg lghig `gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns n gs ès rlepejgvaes hgs rgspgs `n cevvnieanhpg n `nscevie hãg `nzna snv nscgvvnieògs( Gs resseòégs `gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns eïvngs n gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns u~n, hãg snh`g cgarlnpeanhpn jncme`gs, nspndea sop~e`gs na jgsses g~ eg háznl `g rezoanhpg `nzna snv rvgpnio`gs rgv i~evè!cgvrgs n vgèrïs e`nu~e`gs( U~eh`g gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns hãg sndea cgarlnpeanhpn jncme`gs n ressna rgv coae `n lgceos `n pvefelmg g~ `n resseina, `nzna ohspelev!sn rvgpncpgvns jnopgs `n cmere g~ vn`n anpåloce reve vnpnvna u~elu~nv aepnvoel g~ gfdncpg s~scnrpáznl `n ceov `g pvehsrgvpe`gv( Es cgvvnoes, ce`noes, nhivnheinhs n åvzgvns agpgves, coloh`vgs peafgvns g~ cevvnpgs `gs ancehosags `gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns `nzna snv rvgpnio`gs( Gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns ecoghe`gs ancehoceanhpn `nzna snv a~ho`gs, hgs rgspgs `n cevie n `nscevie n hgs rghpgs gh`n sn njnp~n g ecogheanhpg ancæhocg n e vni~leéãg ès pnhsþns, `n òsrgsopozgs u~n rnvaopea pvezev gs óviãgs agpgvns na cesg `n nanviähcoe( Gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns u~n nlnzea es cevies sni~h`g ~a rlehg ohclohe`g `nzna snv rvgzo`gs `n òsrgsopozgs ancæhocgs `n pvezeina e~pgaåpoce, reve g cesg `n cgvpn eco`nhpel è jgvée agpvot( U~eh`g gs gfdnpgs g~ aepnvoeos jgvna cevvnie`gs aeh~elanhpn hgs pvehsrgvpe`gvns na agzoanhpg, e znlgcoè`n `nspns `nzn snv s~joconhpnanhpn rnu~nhe reve u~n gs gfdnpgs g~ aepnvoeos rgssea snv cevvnie`gs sna rnvè `n nu~oláfvog( E `nscevie aeh~el `n aepnvoeos rnhse`gs g~ zgl~agsgs hãg `nzn njnp~ev!sn cga gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns na agzoanhpg, selzg hgs lgceos `nsoihe`gs reve nssn njnopg( U~eh`g revpn `g pvehsrgvpe`gv sn sop~n jgve `g cearg `n zosãg `g grnve`gv, `nzna ohspelev!sn soheos ecôspocgs g~ l~aohgsgs e ecoghev rnlg grnve`gv, e páp~lg `n ezosg, ehpns `n rðv g ancehosag na agzoanhpg(


Gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns `nzna snv ohsrncoghe`gs rnvogòceanhpn e joa `n essni~vev u~n sn aehpäa na fga nspe`g(

3(3 Cevvgs `n pvehsrgvpn ancæhocg n aeh~el ! narolme`noves n cevvgs `n aãg Gs cevvgs `n pvehsrgvpn aeh~el n gs cevvgs `n aãg `nzna snv rvgdnpe`gs, cghspv~á`gs n ~polote`gs pnh`g nsrncoelanhpn na epnhéãg e sni~vehée `g sn~ cgargvpeanhpg na snvzoég n snvna ervgrvoe`gs reve g pvehsrgvpn e njnp~ev( Sn rgssáznl, es vgès `nzna snv `n fgvvecme g~ aepnvoel cga cevecpnváspoces nu~ozelnhpns( Gs cevvgs aeh~eos `nzna snv `gpe`gs `n pvezþns u~eh`g sn ~polotna na veares g~ s~rnvjácons ohcloheès( H~hce sn `nzn rvgcn`nv eg cevvnieanhpg `gs cevvgs nhu~ehpg nspns rnvaehncnvna na veares( Es rnies g~ zevþns `n nar~vvev `nzna òsrgv `n i~evè!aãgs( Es narolme`noves `nzna snv rvgdnpeès, cghspv~áès n ~poloteès pnh`g nsrncoelanhpn na epnhéãg e sni~vehée `g sn~ cgargvpeanhpg na snvzoég n, reve g njnopg, snv `gpeès `n òsrgsopozgs `n cgaeh`g n soheloteéãg e`nu~e`gs( Gs cgaeh`gs `n evvehu~n, ecnlnveéãg, nlnzeéãg n pvezeina `nzna vn~hov cghòéþns u~n oarnéea agzoanhpgs ohzgl~hpåvogs( Gs znác~lgs `nzna òsrgv `n cefohe `n sni~vehée g~, elpnvhepozeanhpn, nspev rvgzo`gs `n evaeéãg `n sni~vehée -u~e`vg, evcg g~ róvpocg/ reve selzei~evèv g pvefelme`gv na cesg `n vnzoveanhpg, cergpeina g~ naroheanhpg( E ohòceéãg è cerecoè`n `n cevie e pvehsrgvpev `nzn snv ejo}eè na lgcel fna zosáznl `g znác~lg( Gs cevvgs e~pgagpgvns n vnfgu~ns `nzna ervnsnhpev, `n jgvae fna zosáznl, ohòceéãg è cerecoè`n aå}oae `n cevie( G cevvnieanhpg `nzn jetnv!sn `n aehnove e feo}ev, pehpg u~ehpg rgssáznl, g cnhpvg `n ivezoè`n è cevie( Gs cevvgs na u~n e `nscevie sn njnp~n rgv fesc~leanhpg 55 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

`nzna nspev rvgzo`gs `n òsrgsopozgs u~n oarnéea u~n g ansag sn jeée eco`nhpelanhpn( E znlgcoè`n `gs anogs ancæhocgs `n pvehsrgvpn `nzn snv cghòcogheè âs cevecpnváspoces `g rnvc~vsg, hep~vnte è cevie n rgssofoloè`ns `n pvezeina( Gs cevvgs e~pgagpgvns n gs vnfgu~ns `nzna snv a~ho`gs `n nhiepns e~pgaåpocgs cghcnfo`gs `n aehnove u~n hãg sn ejespna è zoe nscglmoè( Gs cevvgs ecoghe`gs rgv agpgvns `n cgaf~spãg hãg `nzna snv ~polote`gs he rvg}oaoè`n `n lgceos gh`n må rgnoves n}rlgsozes g~ zergvns ohjleaåznos n hg ohpnvogv `n nòjácogs gh`n e znhpoleéãg hãg snde s~joconhpn reve nloaohev gs voscgs gcesoghe`gs rnlgs iesns `n nscern( U~eh`g hãg nspndea na snvzoég, gs cevvgs `nzna snv vncglmo`gs na lgceos vnsnvze`gs reve g njnopg, rvgpnio`gs ès ohpnarïvons n `nzoèanhpn oagfolote`gs( Gs òjnvnhpns nlnanhpgs `gs cevvgs `nzna snv ohsrncoghe`gs e ohpnvzelgs vni~levns rnlg rnssgel nhcevvnie`g è cghsnvzeéãg, snh`g rgspgs jgve `n snvzoég n `nzoèanhpn vnreve`gs u~eh`g jgv cesg òssg(

0 E CEVIE4 RNSG N CNHPVG @N IVEZO@E@N U~el g rnsg è cevie e snv nlnzeè7 Reve vnsrgh`nv e nspe rnvi~hpe n}ospna 0 rgssofoloè`ns4 cghmncnv, rnsev, celc~lev n s~rgv( G o`nel ï u~eh`g e rnée pna sn~ rnsg ohòce`g -rohp~ve g~ rleu~npe/ reve rnées rvghpes n na nspelnovgs, ï hgvaepote`g u~n rnées ecoae `n ~ae pghnleè pnhmea sn~ rnsg ohòce`g( …

Nspe hgvae `nznvoe snv rve}n na u~elu~nv oh`ôspvoe( Jefvocehpns `n aåu~ohes n rnées päa sn narnhme`g a~opg na ohòcev g rnsg na s~es rnées -n cevies/( G~pve rgssofoloè`n `n sn nhcghpvev g rnsg sãg gs fgv`nvðs g~ gv`nhs `n jefvoceéãg u~n `nznvoea ohòcev g rnsg( U~eh`g poznvags u~n rnsev ~ae cevie g o`nel ï u~n pnhmeags ~ae felehée reve pelmes, `n rvnjnvähcoe cga lnop~ve òiopel reve jecolopev e lnop~ve, g~ ansag pelmes cga felehée naf~poè cga agspve`gv òiopel hg cgaeh`g( 56 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

U~eh`g nsses rgssofoloè`ns hãg n}ospna hãg vnspe g~pve elpnvhepoze sn hãg celc~lev g~ rnòv â s~rnvzosãg u~n celc~ln g rnsg( Cm~pev ï e rogv elpnvhepoze, rgos sganhpn cga a~ope n}rnvoähcoe na rnées snanlmehpns ï u~n pnags e rgssofoloè`n `n cmniev e ~a vns~lpe`g seposjepóvog( Sn e `njohoéãg `g rnsg ï oargvpehpn, eohè aeos ï e `njohoéãg `g cnhpvg `n ivezoè`n( Hes rnées soaïpvoces nspe `njohoéãg ï jåcol, aes na aåu~ohes n rnées essoaïpvoces gh`n g cnhpvg `n ivezoè`n ï `nslgce`g, g o`nel snvoe u~n mg~znssn ~ae ohòceéãg he aåu~ohe, rnée g~ ansag nafeleina( Sn g cnhpvg `n ivezoè`n ï `nscghmnco`g hãg sn sefn gh`n elohmev g iehcmg `n nlnzeéãg( E cerecoè`n `n ~a i~ohèspn `n lehée `nrnh`n `n u~ehpg sn ezehée e s~e lehée( U~ehpg aeos òspehpn e cevie nspoznv, anhgv e cerecoè`n `n cevie `g i~ohèspn( G loaope`gv `n cevie è aåu~ohe hãg `nzn snv ~se`g rgv nvvgs `n cålc~lgs `g grnve`gv(

> SOSPNAES @N AGZOANHPEÉÃG @N CEVIE >(5 Pvehsrgvpe`gvns Mo`vå~locgs Gs pvehsrgvpe`gvns mo`vå~locgs sãg rnvjnopgs reve agzoanhpeéþns mgvotghpeos `n relnpns( Peafïa cghmnco`g cgag cevvohmg mo`vå~locg, rnvaopn nlnzeéãg n `nscoè nspåznl `g relnpn, jåcol grnveéãg, sni~vehée n cghjoefoloè`n reve grnveéþns na rosgs rlehgs `n fges cghòéþns(


Joi~ve 6 ! Pvehsrgvpe`gv mo`vå~locg

>(5(5 @e`gs Pïchocgs Rvohcoreos

>(6 Elezehce cga vgès Ï ~seè reve lnzehpev cevies rnseès n jetnv rnu~nhgs pvehsrgvpns( 50 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

Rg`n snv ~poloteè reve jetnv rnu~nhes aehgfves cga cevies zgl~agses n rnseès( U~eh`g ~polotev ~ae elezehce h~hce sn `nzn jetnv jgvée cga g rnsg `g cgvrg( Sni~veh`g fna he rghpe è elezehce, päa!sn ~ae aeogv cerecoè`n `n lnzehpeanhpg cga anhgv jgvée(

Joi~ve 3 ! Elezehce cga vgès

>(3 I~ohèspn Ï ~a erevnlmg cga lehée iovepóvoe n sospnae `n lnzehpeanhpg `n cevie, cghspv~á`g sni~h`g g rvohcárog è iehigvve( Cgvvnpeanhpn òanhsoghe`g, g i~ohèspn n}nc~pevå e cghpnhpg pg`g g snvzoég n, cgvvnpeanhpn grnve`g, pvevå vero`nt n sni~vehée â grnveéãg( Cga aeh~pnhéãg rvnznhpoze na òe, g i~ohèspn òjocolanhpn jelmevå u~eh`g sglocope`g( >(3(5 Porgs aeos ~s~eos >(3(5(5 I~ohèspn sgfvn nspnove cga lehée pvnloéeè …

…

… …

^polote`g na snvzoégs vnrnpopozgs, gh`n hãg ï hncnssåvoe e zevoeéãg `g cgarvoanhpg `n lehée( ^polote`g na lgceos `n òjácol ecnssg, cga pnvvnhg ovvni~lev g~ sna jovante( @n iveh`n cerecoè`n `n cevie, rg`n sn lgcgagznv cga e ansae( Hãg ï ecghsnlme`g reve snvzoégs u~n hncnssopna `n iveh`ns `nslgceanhpgs, g~ `n `nslgceanhpgs cghspehpns( 5> yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

…

Vncganhè`g reve snvzoégs `n nscezeéãg, fepn!nspeces, pvefelmgs rgvp~åvogs n iveh`ns agzoanhpeéþns `n cevie na invel(

Joi~ve 0 ! I~ohèspn sgfvn nspnove `n lehée pvnloéeè

>(3(5(6 I~ohèspn sgfvn ceaohmãg cga lehée pvnloéeè …

…

…

…

…

…

G ecogheanhpg `g i~ohèspn ï oh`nrnh`nhpn `g ceaohmãg( ^polote`g na snvzoégs vnrnpopozgs, gh`n hãg ï hncnssåvoe e zevoeéãg `g cgarvoanhpg è lehée( @nzo`g â s~e cghspop~oéãg sgfvn ceaohmãg, rg`n znhcnv iveh`ns `nslgceanhpgs he åvne `n pvefelmg( Hncnssope `n pnvvnhg jovan n vni~lev reve u~n rgsse grnvev( @n iveh`n cerecoè`n `n cevie, hãg rg`n sn lgcgagznv cga e ansae( Vncganhè`g reve snvzoégs `n aghpeina oh`~spvoel n iveh`ns gfves `n nhinhmevoe(

Joi~ve > ! I~ohèspn sgfvn ceaohmãg cga lehée pvnloéeè

5: yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

>(3(5(3 I~ohèspn mo`vå~locg sgfvn ceaohmãg cga lehée pnlnscóroce …

…

G ecogheanhpg `g i~ohèspn ï oh`nrnh`nhpn `g ceaohmãg( ^polote`g na snvzoégs òznvsgs, gh`n mede hncnssoè`n cghspehpn `n zevoeéãg `g cgarvoanhpg è lehée(

…

Hncnssope `n pnvvnhg jovan n vni~lev reve u~n rgsse grnvev cga sni~vehée( Rg`n znhcnv iveh`ns `nslgceanhpgs he åvne `n pvefelmg, g~ hãg(

…

@n iveh`n cerecoè`n `n cevie, hãg rg`n sn lgcgagznv cga e ansae(

…

…

@nzo`g â s~e iveh`n znvsepoloè`n he zevoeéãg `g cgarvoanhpg è lehée, ï vncganhè`g reve snvzoégs `n lnzehpeanhpg `n cevies òznvses, lnzeh`g!sn na cghpe s~e pefnle `n cevie(

Joi~ve : ! I~ohèspn mo`vå~locg sgfvn ceaohmãg cga lehée pnlnscóroce

>(3(5(0 I~ohèspn e~pgrvgr~lsgv cga lehée pnlnscóroce …

…

…

…

^polote`g na snvzoégs vnrnpopozgs, gh`n ï hncnssåvoe e zevoeéãg `g cgarvoanhpg `n lehée( Hncnssope `n pnvvnhg jovan n vni~lev, reve u~n rgsse grnvev cga sni~vehée( O`nel reve snvzoégs na åvnes ernvpeès, gh`n es aehgfves sãg òjoc~lpeès( Nu~oreanhpg znvsåpol hg `nslgceanhpg, rgos gs cgaeh`gs `n ecogheanhpg `g i~ohèspn sop~ea!sn he ansae cefohn `gs cgaeh`gs `n `nslgceanhpg(


Joi~ve 9 ! I~ohèspn e~pgrvgr~lsgv cga lehée pnlnscóroce

>(3(5(> I~ohèspn sgfvn rn`nspel

Es iveh`ns rlepejgvaes `n rnvj~veéãg n rvg`~éãg `n rnpvólng ~polotea i~ohèspns `gpe`gs `n lehées pvnloéeès, `n cgarvoanhpg cghspehpn, jo}gs â nspv~p~ve è rlepejgvae( E aeogvoe `nspns i~ohèspns rgss~o òsrgsopozgs `n sni~vehée n}pves reve g sn~ ~sg na rlepejgvaes aevápoaes, cgag e felehée `n cevie reve ejnvov cga n}epo`ãg g rnsg `n ceè cevie u~n nspå snh`g oéeè( …

…

^polote`g na snvzoégs vnrnpopozgs, gh`n hãg ï hncnssåvoe e zevoeéãg `g cgarvoanhpg è lehée( Sãg `gpe`gs `n lehées pvnloéeès na p~fg `n eég aeos lnzn, na cehpghnoves `n eég aeos rnseès, g~ aospes(

…

Narvnie`g na rlepejgvaes aevápoaes, hezogs, felses, npc(

…

I~ohèspn `n iveh`n cerecoè`n, hãg rg`n sn `nslgcev(

5= yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

Joi~ve = ! I~ohèspn sgfvn rn`nspel

>(0 Narolme`noves @njohn!sn narolme`nove cgag ~a znác~lg e~pgrvgr~lsgv `n pväs vgès, rnlg anhgs, rvgdnpe`g reve lnzehpev, pvehsrgvpev n rgsocoghev aepnvoeos( Es narolme`noves cghspop~na ~a `gs nu~oreanhpgs aeos znvsåpnos hg pvehsrgvpn ohpnvhg( @nspohe!sn pehpg â agzoanhpeéãg znvpocel u~ehpg mgvotghpel `n rvepoceanhpn pg`gs gs porgs `n aepnvoeos, sna es loaopeéþns `n ~a pvednpg jo}g( Es cevies sãg cevvnieès na ievjgs, cga agzoanhpg reve coae n reve feo}g, sgfvn ~a u~e`vg sop~e`g he revpn òehpnove `g znác~lg( Es vgès pvesnoves sãg òvncogheès n es jvghpnoves, `n pveéãg, rg`na snv agpgvoteès g~ aeh~eos( Ï ~ae aåu~ohe gh`n g rnsg è cevie agzoanhpeè ï felehcne`g rgv ~a cghpvernsg cglgce`g he revpn pvesnove `g znác~lg( Ï cghspv~áè sni~h`g g rvohcárog è &iehigvve&, gh`n e cevie, hgs ievjgs, ï nu~olofveè rnlg rnsg è aåu~ohe( G cnhpvg `n vgpeéãg g~ g &ergog è iehigvve& ï g cnhpvg ès vgès òehpnoves( @nsse aehnove, ï a~opg oargvpehpn sefnvags e òspæhcoe `g cnhpvg ès vgès epï g cnhpvg è cevie cglgceè( E cerecoè`n `n nlnzeéãg `n ~ae narolme`nove ï ejespeè rgv `gos jepgvns4 5( Rnsg è cevie; 6( @ospæhcoe `g cnhpvg `n ivezoè`n è cevie(

5? yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

Sni~h`g e hgvae R!HF!5>3 è EFHP, es cerecoè`ns sãg vnjnvoès cga cnhpvg `n cevie e :2ca( Reve ohjgvaeéþns n}epes, `nzn!sn vnjnvov eg ivåjocg `n cerecoè`n r~floce`g hgs jglmnpgs `n nsrncojoceéþns `n ceè narolme`nove, u~n ohòce e cerecoè`n( E aeogvoe ès narolme`noves pna ~ae s~srnhsãg `n pväs rghpgs, ansag u~eh`g sn lgcgagzn na u~epvg vgès( Hgvaelanhpn, g no}g pvesnovg rozgpe sgfvn ~a rohg hg cnhpvg, `n ag`g u~n e narolme`nove nspå s~srnhse na pväs rghpgs4 hg rohg `n evpoc~leéãg `g no}g pvesnovg n na ceè ~ae ès vgès òehpnoves( E åvne cgarvnnhòè `nhpvg `gs rghpgs `n s~srnhsãg ï cmeaeè `n pvoæhi~lg `n nspefoloè`n(

Joi~ve ? – Narolme`nove

Sn g rghpg `n nu~oláfvog ohcoòv jgve `g pvoæhi~lg è nspefoloè`n, e narolme`nove pgafe eg lghig `n ~ae ès lohmes `g pvoæhi~lg( U~eh`g g rghpg `n nu~oláfvog sn `nslgce peafïa, na vnsrgspe e ~ae ecnlnveéãg n `nsecnlnveéãg vnrnhpohe g~ zoveès fv~sces, e narolme`nove pgafe reve e jvnhpn( E nspefoloè`n ï vns~lpehpn `n zåvogs jepgvns( @ospæhcoe nhpvn no}gs, levi~ve pgpel `g no}g `n pveéãg, elp~ve `n nlnzeéãg n òspvof~oéãg `g rnsg sãg gs aeogvns( Ecnssóvogs vnu~nvo`gs n porgs `n cevies e snvna aehor~le`gs peafïa sãg cghso`nveéþns oargvpehpns(


Epï eigve eheloseags gs jepgvns `n nspefoloè`n `n ~ae narolme`nove, sna cghso`nvev es jgvées òhæaoces u~n vns~lpea u~eh`g e aåu~ohe n e cevie sãg cglgceès na agzoanhpg( E pvehsjnvähcoe `n rnsg n gs agzoanhpgs `g cnhpvg `n ivezoè`n vns~lpehpns, es jgvées òhæaoces cvoeès u~eh`g e aåu~ohe nspå na agzoanhpg, jvneh`g, nlnzeh`g, ohcloheh`g n `nscnh`g cevies, sãg cghso`nveéþns `n nspefoloè`n( >(0(5 Porgs `n nspefoloè`n4

cghso`nvn e mefoloè`n `n e aåu~ohe aehgfvev veroèanhpn, u~eh`g nspeze pvefelmeh`g zetoe, e cevie efeo}eè, e 32ca `g cmãg(

…

Nspefoloè`n lepnvel na agzoanhpg !

…

Nspefoloè`n lepnvel `n narolmeanhpg !

…

Nspefoloè`n lghiop~òhel na agzoanhpg !

…

Nspefoloè`n lghiop~òhel `n narolmeanhpg !

cghso`nvn g elpg narolmeanhpg `n cevies n g njnopg eg `nclozn `g sglg, hes grnveéþns `n elpg narolmeanhpg( cghso`nvn e mefoloè`n `n revev e aåu~ohe, nspeh`g nle na agzoanhpg, zetoe g~ cevvnieè, cga e cevie ervg}oaeèanhpn e 32 ca `g sglg( cghso`nvn g aeh~snog `n cevies hes nlnzeéþns `g narolmeanhpg n g njnopg `n reveès vnrnhpohes(

>(> Rghpn vglehpn E rghpn vglehpn pna sn~s agzoanhpgs lghiop~òhel, pvehsznvsel n znvpocel agpgvote`gs( @nrnh`nh`g `n sn~ peaehmg n rgpähcoe, pna gs sn~s agzoanhpgs cgaehè`gs rgv ~a grnve`gv he cefohe, g~ rgv fgpgnove eg háznl `g rosg( G agzoanhpg lghiop~òhel nsu~nv`g g~ òvnopg ï jnopg rnles vgès sgfvn gs pvolmgs( G pvehsznvsel nsu~nv`g g~ òvnopg ï jnopg rnlg cevvg sgfvn e rghpn( G znvpocel escnh`nhpn g~ `nscnh`nhpn ï jnopg rnlg nhvgleanhpg g~ `nsnhvgleanhpg `g cefg `n eég g~ cgvvnhpn( Gs porgs `n rghpns vglehpns zevoea na j~héãg `gs jefvocehpns n sãg iveh`ns gréþns gjnvncoès( @n jgvae invel, es rnu~nhes päa ~ae rgpähcoe `n cevie epï 32222H -3p/ n es iveh`ns rg`na cmniev epï 5622222H -562p/( Es rghpns vglehpns rg`na snv aghpeès na rnu~nhgs zãgs, `n ervg}oaeèanhpn =a, epï na iveh`ns zãgs u~n cmniea e 32a( 65 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

Cghznhcoghg~!sn òzoòv es rghpns na iv~rgs( na j~héãg è cerecoè`n `n cevie( G iv~rg lnzn nhilgfe es rghpns `n 32222 e 5>2222H -3 e 5>p/; g iv~rg aïòg, es `n 622222 e 3 >22222H / -62 e >2p/ n g iv~rg rnse`g, es `n >22222 e 5622222H ->2 e 562p/( Gs iv~rgs aïògs n rnse`gs sãg nu~ore`gs cga iehcmg e~}oloev hg cevvg, u~n rnvaopn aeogv znvsepoloè`n hg lnzehpeanhpg è cevie( >(>(5 Porgs `n rghpns vglehpns

Gs porgs aeos cga~hs sãg4 >(>(5(5 Rghpn vglehpn ergoeè ~hozoie

@nrnh`nh`g è cerecoè`n `g zãg, es zoies rvohcoreos rg`na snv cghspop~áès `n zoie porg “O‑ leaoheè g~ zoie porg “ceo}ãg‑ sglèè( Rg`na eiünhpev cnvce `n 5>222 ki(


Joi~ve 52 ! Rghpn vglehpn e rgoeè ~hozoie

>(>(5(6 Rghpn vglehpn ergoeè `~rle!zoie

G ervgznopeanhpg è elp~ve ï revpoc~levanhpn zehpedgsg hnsse cghspv~éãg rg`nh`g g iehcmg `n cevie snv oée`g nhpvn es `~es zoies rvohcoreos è rghpn vglehpn( Invelanhpn eiünhpea ~ae cevie `n epï >2222 ki(


Joi~ve 55 ! Rghpn vglehpn e rgoeè `~rle!zoie

>(>(5(3 Rghpn vglehpn s~srnhse

Pvehsleèa he efe ohjnvogv è zoie `n vgleanhpg u~n ï aghpeè òvnpeanhpn he nspv~p~ve `g rvïòg, ervgznopeh`g essoa g aå}oag `n elp~ve òsrgháznl n nloaoheh`g e hncnssoè`n `n nspv~p~ve e~}oloev hg rosg( Es ervg}oaeéþns lepnveos `g iehcmg sãg anhgvns `g u~n u~elu~nv g~pvg porg `n cghspv~éãg `n rghpn vglehpn, rgos e zoie rvohcorel ezehée elïa `g zãg `g ceaohmg `n vgleanhpg, rgssofolopeh`g g aå}oag ervgznopeanhpg è levi~ve `g rvïòg( G~pve revpoc~levoè`n `nsse cghspv~éãg `n rghpn vglehpn ï e rgssofoloè`n `n cgafoheéãg cga g~pves rghpns vglehpns g~ aghgzoes ~poloteh`g!sn `n ~a ôhocg ancehosag `n nlnzeéãg n pvehsleéãg è cevie( Na invel s~rgvpea epï 52222 ki(


Joi~ve 56 ! Rghpn vglehpn s ~srnhse

>(: Róvpocg n snaoróvpocg Róvpocgs n snaoróvpácgs sãg nu~oreanhpgs `n ~ae g~ `~es zoies, cga g~ sna pvezn na felehég( Rgss~na cgaeh`g `ns`n g rosg, rgv fgpgnoves g~ cefohe, rg`nh`g nspe snv ﬅ}e he zoie g~ aóznl d~hpg eg cevvg( Es znlgcoè`ns `n nlnzeéãg n pvehsleéãg sãg `n ecgv`g cga es hncnssoè`ns( S~e cerecoè`n `n cevie cmnie epohiov =22kH n sn~ zãg cmnie epohiov 02a( G róvpocg, `nzo`g e sn~ porg `n cghspv~éãg, hãg rvncose `n hnhm~a ergog cgag g snaoróvpocg, reve snv aghpe`g, rgv ossg ï e sgl~éãg o`nel reve g pvehsrgvpn `n aepnvoeos na nsreégs lozvns g~ na rvïògs u~n hãg jgvea òanhsoghe`gs reve nspn ﬅa(

6> yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

G róvpocg g~ snaoróvpocg `nslgcea!sn lghiop~òhelanhpn sefvn pvolmgs, â nsu~nvè g~ â òvnope( Pvehsznvselanhpn, â nsu~nvè g~ â òvnope, sgfvn e rghpn n, znvpocelanhpn, escnh`nhpn g~ `nscnh`nhpn, epvezïs `g nhvgleanhpg `gs cefgs `n eég(

>(9 Pelmes E pelme ï aghpeè hg cevvg pvgllny n ï vnsrgsåznl rnlg agzoanhpg `n nlnzeéãg è rghpn vglehpn( Invelanhpn e pelme ~polote ~a cefg `n eég reve lnzehpev ~a flgcg `n iehcmg g~ òsrgsopozg `n nlnzeéãg( Reve revev g agzoanhpg `n nlnzeéãg ï ~polote`g ~a agpgv nlïpvocg cga jvnog cmeae`g `n agpgjvnog(


Joi~ve 53 ! Zospe n}rlgòè `n ~ae pelme `n cgvvnhpn

: @OCES @N SNI^VEHÉE HE GRNVEÉÃG @N PELMES N RGHPNS VGLEHPNS 







Nsp~èv g aeh~el `n ohspv~éþns `g jefvocehpn, ansag u~n zgcä snde ~a n}rnvonhpn grnve`gv `n pelmes( Aehpnv snarvn e pelme cnhpveloteè sgfvn e cevie ehpns `g oéeanhpg( Pveéãg lepnvel n}cnssoze rg`n èhojocev e pelme, g pvgln g~ e cgvvnhpn `n cevie( Hãg pvehsrgvpn cevies lepnvelanhpn( H~hce pgvcnv e cgvvnhpn g~ zovev g flgcg ohjnvogv eg cghpvåvog( H~hce nhvgln ~ae cgvvnhpn `n vglnpns( 69 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv









































Rvgcn`nv snarvn ~ae ohsrnéãg zos~el è pelme ehpns `n ohocoev ~ae grnveéãg, u~n ohcl~o gs iehcmgs, e cgvvnhpn `n cevie, cmezns loaope`gves n jvnogs( Cnvpojou~n!sn `n u~n gs ansags sn nhcghpvea na cghòéþns `n grnveéãg( H~hce ~sev e cgvvnhpn `n cevie cgag ~ae lohie( ^polotev snarvn lohies ervgrvoeès( H~hce n}cn`nv e cerecoè`n `n cevie è pelme( N}ospn ~a ag`nlg ervgrvoe`g reve ceè pevnje( Cnvpojou~n!sn u~n gs s~rgvpns `n s~srnhsãg nspãg òanhsoghe`gs reve e cevie e snv oéeè( Na cesg `n `ôzoès hãg vnelotev e grnveéãg( Hãg grnvev ~ae pelme epï gs loaopns n}pvnags è cgvvnhpn `n cevie( E cmezn loaope`gve `nspohe!sn sganhpn e reveès `n joa `n c~vsg( H~hce `no}ev cevies s~srnhses rgv lghig rnvág`g g~ u~eh`g g grnve`gv hãg nspoznv rvnsnhpn( ^polotev ~a vncglmn`gv `n cgvvnhpns, u~eh`g hncnssåvog( H~hce cgloòv e pelme cga g~pves pelmes g~ gfdnpgs( H~hce ~polotev ~ae pelme reve pvehsrgvpev rnssges( H~hce pvehsrgvpev cevies sgfvn rnssges( Lnzehpev c~oè`gseanhpn e cevie( H~hce lnzehpev egs pvehcgs( Snarvn jeée e nlnzeéãg è cevie na lohme vnpe( H~hce na æhi~lgs( H~hce ~polotev ~ae pelme elïa `n sn~ coclg rvgdnpe`g `n pvefelmg( Hãg ecoghn e pelme na sglezehcgs `nshncnssåvogs( Essni~vev u~n e cevie nspnde lozvn reve agzoanhpeéãg( E åvne `nzn nspev `nsgfspv~áè( Essni~vn!sn snarvn u~n e åvne `n `nsnafevu~n nspnde `nsgfspv~áè( Essni~vev!sn u~n e cevie nspå nu~olofveè n rvnse he cgvvnhpn `n cevie( Essni~vev!sn u~n e lohie ï rvórvoe reve e cevie n sn g iehcmg ï rvórvog n u~n nspnde jncme`g( Eg grnvev e pelme, nspev epnhpg eg agzoanhpg è cevie reve nzopev eco`nhpns cga rnssges u~n rgssea nspev resseh`g rnlg lgcel( ^polotev g fga snhsg hg pvehsrgvpn `n cevies, gfsnvzeh`g gh`n nle nspå oh`g( Essni~vev!sn u~n e cgvvnhpn `n cevie nspå fna essnhpeè `n aehnove ervgrvoeè hg cðhcezg `g iehcmg n cga e pveze jncmeè( 6= yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

9 SOSPNAES @N EAEVVEÉÃG @N CEVIE 5(5 U~el lohie reve u~el erloceéãg7 Reve agzoanhpev cevies cga anogs `n nlnzeéãg sãg ~polote`gs lohies n òsrgsopozgs `n agzoanhpeéãg( Es Lohies sãg, rgv n}narlg4 cefgs, cgvvnhpns, cohpes n leégs sohpïpocgs( Rgv anog `nles ï u~n jetnags g ecgrleanhpg è cevie eg anog `n nlnzeéãg( @osrgsopozgs `n agzoanhpeéãg sãg eu~nlns u~n jetna ~a ecgrleanhpg òvnpg g~ ansag epvezïs `n ~ae Lohie â cevie( Sãg cghso`nve`gs òsrgsopozgs `n agzoanhpeéãg4 iehcmgs n ievves nsrncoeos, s~rgvpns reve nlnpvgoaãs, pveznssþns, npc( E nscglme è Lohie `nznvoe snv jnope rnle nhinhmevoe `n rvg`~éãg g~ rnlg rlehndeanhpg, aes he aeogvoe ès zntns, u~na pna `n nscglmnv ï g rvórvog agzoanhpe`gv(

Joi~ve 50 ! G cefg ï resse`g rgv feo}g è cevie n e c gvvnhpn e s~rgvpe cga anhgv `nsiespn


Erlocåznos sãg4 …

Cefgs `n Eég4 reve cevies cga s~rnvjácon lose, glngse g~ nscgvvnieòe,

essoa cgag leégs `n cefg `n eég cga iehcmgs reve erloceéãg hgs glmeos è cevie( …

Cgvvnhpns4 reve aepnvoeos na elpes pnarnvep~ves n cevies u~n hãg pnhmea

cmeres g~ rnvjos( Lohies `n cgvvnhpn cga iehcmg rg`na snv ecgrle`gs egs glmeos è cevie( …

Cohpes n Leégs Sohpïpocgs4 reve cevies cga s~rnvjácons n}pvnaeanhpn

nscgvvnieòes g~ snhsáznos, cgag rgv n}narlg, coloh`vgs `n celeh`veina, no}gs, rnées rvghpes n rohpeès( …

Cgvès `n Sosel n Sohpïpoces4 reve cevies cga s~rnvjácon snhsáznl, `n feo}g

rnsg, cgag p~fgs, rnées `n eu~ncoanhpg n vnjvoinveéãg g~ g~pves rnées ressáznos `n eaesseanhpg( …

Cgafoheéãg Cefg n cgvvnhpn4 reve g pvehsrgvpn `n rnvjos n pvnjole`gs( Hnspn

cesg e cgvvnhpn `nzn jocev he åvne `n `nsiespn gh`n rgssoznlanhpn n}ospea cehpgs zozgs n g cefg joce hes n}pvnaoè`ns n}nvcnh`g j~héãg `n s~rgvpn n jecolopeh`g e resseina è Lohie rgv feo}g ès cevies(

Hãg erlocåznos sãg4 …

…

…

Cefgs `n Eég4 reve aepnvoeos cga cehpgs zozgs g~ na elpes pnarnvep~ves( Cgvvnhpns4 reve cevies cga s~rnvjácon lose g~ nscgvvnieòe( Cohpes n Leégs Sohpïpocgs4 reve cehpgs zozgs n cevies na elpes

pnarnvep~ves(


Joi~ve 5> ! Pvehsrgvpn ~seh`g cohpes

Reve g pvehsrgvpn `n cmeres he rnvrnhòc~lev `nznags ~sev iveargs rnie!cmere( @ns`n efvol `n 5?9? ï gfvoiepóvog u~n nspns iehcmgs pnhmea ~ae pveze( E rnie -efnvp~ve/ `g ivearg `nzn snv ohòceè he rvórvoe rnée( Reve g pvehsrgvpn `n cmeres `nznags ~sev snarvn `gos iveargs u~n pnhmea ~ae rnie cgarepáznl cga e nsrnss~ve è cmere( Gs `gos iveargs sãg hncnssåvogs reve u~n sn ievehpe e nspefoloè`n è cevie, rgos, sn e cmere felehée, es vehm~ves è ievve `nsiespea veroèanhpn, rg`nh`g sn u~nfvev hgs cehpgs( Ehpns `n agzoanhpev, snarvn pvezev gs iveargs( Reve g pvehsrgvpn `n rnvjos n}ospna òznvsgs porgs `n òsrgsopozgs `n agzoanhpeéãg, gs u~eos hna snarvn sãg `gpe`gs `n pvezes u~n hãg rnvaopea u~n e cevie sn sglpn( Nspns òsrgsopozgs sãg rvgdnpe`gs reve cevies nsrncájoces n só `nzna snv ~se`gs reve es u~eos jgvea cghspv~á`gs( Peafïa reve agzoanhpev es cmeres he mgvotghpel, `nznags ~sev iveargs cga pveze, rgos cmeres johes pnh`na e sn `gfvev g u~n rg`n jetnv cga u~n sn sglpna `gs iveargs n ceoea(

5(6 Cgvès Es cgvès sãg g aeos ehpoig porg `n Lohie, u~n sn cghmncn( Nles sãg rvg`~toès e revpov `n jofves u~n sãg pgvcoès, pvehéeès g~ nhcereès( 35 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

Ehpoieanhpn es jofves u~n sn ~polotezea he jefvoceéãg `n cgvès nvea jofves hep~veos cgag Sosel g~ Cæhmeag( Mgdn nspes jofves sãg s~fspop~áès rgv jofves sohpïpoces cgag Rgloeaoè, Rglonspnv g~ Rglorvgrolnhg u~n âs zntns sãg cganvcoeloteès cga hgans cganvcoeos cgag hylgh, òglnh, pvnzove n g~pvgs( Cgag òjnvnhcoev es òznvses jofves4

âe znt u~n n}ospna òznvsgs porgs `n jofves cga òjnvnhpns cerecoè`ns, ï hncnssåvog u~n sn seofe u~el ï e jofve reve sn cghmncnv s~e cerecoè`n `n cevie( Na cgvès, e revpov `n 3aa `n òæanpvg `nznags pnv ~ae joleée `n ~ae `npnvaoheè cgv reve o`nhpojocev e jofve aes, cgvès efeo}g `n 5:aa `n òæanpvg, sãg a~opg johes n hãg `nzna snv ~poloteès reve agzoanhpeéãg( Na cgvès e revpov `n 5:aa `nznvoe meznv o`nhpojoceéãg `g jefvocehpn n `g ehg `n jefvoceéãg( Rgv hgvaeloteéãg ohpnvhecoghel es cgvns u~n o`nhpojocea es jofves sãg4 Cæhmeag !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Znv`n Sosel !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Znvanlmg Cæhmeag `n Aeholme !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Rvnpg Rgloeaoè !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Znv`n Rglonspnv !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Et~l Rglorvgrolnhg!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Aevvga E cgv znv`n, reve cæhmeag n rgloeaoè, hãg ï ressáznl `n snv cghj~hòè ~ae znt u~n g cæhmeag pna ~a ecefeanhpg vôspocg n e rgloeaoè ~a ecefeanhpg a~opg losg(


Joi~ve 5: ! Eli~hs porgs `n cgvès

5(3 Cefgs `n eég Pnvaohglgioe4 RNVHE ! Ï g eiv~reanhpg `n eveans pgvco`gs `n ~a cefg( ELAE ! Ï g hôclng `g cefg `n eég(

â cefg ï jnopg cga òznvses rnvhes na vn`gv `n ~a hôclng g~ elae( LNOP^VE ! N}narlg4 cefg : } 5?

G rvoanovg hôanvg - : / vnrvnsnhpe e u~ehpoè`n `n rnvhes `n u~n ï cghspop~á`g( 33 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

G sni~h`g hôanvg - 5? / nsrncojoce e u~ehpoè`n `n eveans u~n cgarþn ceè rnvhe( Rgvpehpg, g cefg : } 5? pna : rnvhes, pnh`g ceè ~ae `nles 5? jogs g~ snde ~a pgpel `n 550 jogs(

Joi~ve 59 ! Cefg `n eég `g n}narlg

9(5(5 Clessojoceéãg u~ehpg â Elae EJ ! Elae `n jofve -cehmeag/ aeogv jln}ofoloè`n( EE ! Elae `n Eég ! aeogv vnsospähcoe â pveéãg( EECO ! Elae `n Eég cga Cefg Oh`nrnh`nhpn4 cgafoheéãg `n jln}ofoloè`n cga

vnsospähcoe â pveéãg( Hgpe4 Gs cefgs EE -Elae `n eég/ pna 9,>. `n vnsospähcoe â pveéãg e aeos n 52.

hg rnsg na vnleéãg egs EJ -elae `n jofve/( 9(5(6 Pgvéãg ∖

Pgvéãg â @OVNOPE4 u~eh`g es rnvhes sãg pgvcoès è nsu~nvè reve e

òvnope( ∖

Pgvéãg â NSU^NV@E4 u~eh`g es rnvhes sãg pgvcoès è òvnope reve e

nsu~nvè(

Joi~ve 5= ! Pgvéãg ès rnvhes `gs cefgs `n eég


∖

Pgvéãg VNI^LEV4 u~eh`g gs jogs `n ceè rnvhe sãg pgvco`gs na snhpo`g

grgspg å pgvéãg ès rvórvoes rnvhes -na cv~t/( Aeogv nspefoloè`n( ∖

Pgvéãg LEHI4 u~eh`g gs jogs n es rnvhes sãg pgvcoès he ansae òvnéãg

-revelnlg/( E pgvéãg LEHI pna rgv cevecpnváspoce g e~anhpg è vnsospähcoe â efvesãg n è jln}ofoloè`n `g cefg(

Joi~ve 5? ! Lehi hgs cefgs `n eég

Cefgs `n eég cga elpe cerecoè`n `n cevie sãg cghspv~á`gs e revpov `n eveans pvnjole`gs e jvog cga ~ae vnsospähcoe `n 5992 aa6 Eveans ohòzo`~eos sãg pvehée`gs rvoanoveanhpn reve jgvaev ~ae rnvhe n nspes rnvhes rgv s~e znt sãg pvehéeès reve jgvaev g cefg `n eég( G evean ohòzo`~el joce h~ae mnlocgoèl `~rle, snh`g e rvoanove he rnvhe n e sni~hè he pgvcn`~ve `g cefg( Cga erloceéãg `n cevie hg cefg ï jnope ~ae elpnveéãg hg sn~ zgl~an, g u~n sn n}rloce rnle ecgagèéãg ès rnvhes sgfvn e elae, cga ossg g òæanpvg `g cefg ï vn`~to`g( Reve ergog ès rnvhes n}ospn, hg ohpnvogv `g cefg, ~ae elae u~n rg`n snv jnope e revpov `n jofves hep~veos, sohpïpoces g~ `n eég( E elae hãg pna sganhpn j~héãg `n ergog, aes j~hcoghe peafïa cgag vnsnvzepóvog `n ólng( U~eh`g g cefg ï sglocope`g, es rnvhes cgarvoana e elae u~n lofnve g ólng, cga ossg g epvopg `nhpvg `g cefg ï vn`~to`g( Cefgs znlmgs gh`n g ólng då jgo cghs~ao`g n cefgs u~n pvefelmea na pnarnvep~ve u~n då rnv`nvea sn~ ólng rgv nzergveéãg eohè hãg rnv`nvea vnsospähcoe aes, rnv`nvea zoè ôpol( Rgv ossg `nznags rnvogòceanhpn l~fvojocev gs cefgs n}pnvheanhpn cga ólng e`nu~e`g(


â ôhocg evean vgaro`g ï `n rg~ce oargvpæhcoe rgos lgig e jvnhpn nspevå rvnhse`g nhpvn g~pvgs n eohè cghpvof~oh`g reve e cerecoè`n `n cevie( Sganhpn u~eh`g pnags zåvogs eveans vgaro`gs ï u~n e cerecoè`n `n cevie òaoh~o( Eu~o, joce `naghspveè ~ae fge cevecpnváspoce `g cefg `n eég( Nln h~hce sn vgarn sna u~n ehpns zåvogs eveans sn vgarea( G cefg `n eég, mefop~elanhpn, ï cgargspg `n snos rnvhes n è elae u~n vnpïa g l~fvojocehpn( G cefg essoa cgargspg ï ~polote`g reve Lohies, i~ohèspns g~ pelmes( Nln pna ~ae fge `njgvaoè`n n, rgvpehpg, ï erlocåznl reve òznvses joheloè`ns( Cefgs `n eég jefvoce`gs na nsrovel -cgv`gelmes/ g~ ~ae rnvhe soarlns, hãg `nzna snv ~polote`gs reve agzoanhpeéãg, rgos pna ~ae nspv~p~ve a~opg váioè n sãg jnopgs ernhes reve pnhsogheanhpg( G porg aeos jln}áznl ï g cefg `n eég u~n ï cgargspg `n òznvses rnvhes n è elae( E elae hg ohpnvogv n e òjnvnhée `n åvne anpåloce jetna cga u~n h~a ansag òæanpvg, e cgv`gelme pnhme ~ae aeogv cerecoè`n `n cevie u~n g cefg( 9(5(3 Jln}ofoloè`n

E jln}ofoloè`n nspå cghòcogheè eg hôanvg `n eveans u~n g cgarþn( Sãg gs cefgs clessojoce`gs na4 e/Rnu~nhe jln}ofoloè`n4 cghspv~éãg 3 } 9, : } 9, 5 } 9 -cgv`gelme/; f/Jln}áznos4 cghspv~éãg : } 5?, : } 65, : } 6>, = } 5?, 5= } 9; c/N}pve jln}áznl4 cghspv~éãg : } 35, : } 39, : } 05, : } 03, : } 09, : } :5(

9(5(0 Porgs YEVVOHIPGH ! Rnvhes `g cefg cghspv~áès cga `~es fopgles `n eveans; fespehpn

jln}áznl n anhgs vnsospnhpn eg `nsiespn, rgos gs eveans aeos johgs nhcghpvea!sn he rnvojnvoe( SNELN ! Rnvhes `g cefg cghspv~áès cga pväs fopgles `n evean, snh`g g cefg

anhgs jln}áznl è sïvon, rgvïa aeos vnsospnhpn eg `nsiespn â efvesãg( JOLLNV ! Rnvhes `g cefg cghspv~áès cga zohpn n cohcg eveans -snos `n

nhcmoanhpg/ ervnsnhpeh`g fge jln}ofoloè`n(


CGAÂ ! Es rnvhes `g cefg sãg cghspv~áès rgv ~a só porg `n evean( Ï ~a pnvag

ohpnvanòåvog nhpvn e jln}ofoloè`n n vnsospähcoe eg `nsiespn, `gs g~pvgs porgs ecoae(

Joi~ve 62 ! Porgs `n cefgs `n eég

Reve `njohov e cevie `n pvefelmg `n ~a cefg rnlg sn~ òæanpvg `nznags anò!lg, cghjgvan `naghspve`g he joi~ve efeo}g(

Joi~ve 65 ! Cgag anòv cefgs `n eég

Cefgs då ~polote`gs na i~ohèspns g~ g~pvgs anogs `n nlnzeéãg hãg rg`na snv ~polote`gs hgzeanhpn h~ae cgargsoéãg `n Lohie( Nln rg`n pnv ~a iveh`n `nsiespn ohpnvhg u~n hãg ï zosáznl n}pnvheanhpn( 39 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

9(5(> Pefnle `n @oæanpvgs O`neos `n Peafgvns n Rgloes

Sni~na gs òæanpvgs o`neos ès rgloes g~ peafgvns cghjgvan e jgvaeéãg `g cefg4 @oæanpvg `g Peafgv g~ Rgloe Porg `n Cefg

AáhoagVncganhè`g

:}9

06 zntns g ∎ `g cefg 96 zntns

: } 5?

32 zntns g ∎ `g cefg >5 zntns

: } 6>

32 zntns g ∎ `g cefg 0> zntns

: } 39, 05, 03

5= zntns g ∎ `g cefg 69 zntns

= } 5?

65 zntns g ∎ `g cefg 35 zntns

5= } 9

30 zntns g ∎ `g cefg >5 zntns

9(5(: Vnsospähcoe `gs Cefgs `n Eég

E vnsospähcoe pnóvoce `gs cefgs sn `npnvaohe sgaeh`g!sn e vnsospähcoe `gs eveans u~n g cgarþn, n}cl~oh`g!sn es elaes `gs ansags, u~nv sndea `n eég g~ `n jofve( E cevie `n v~rp~ve njnpoze òaoh~o cghjgvan e~anhpe g hôanvg `n eveans4 N}narlgs4 e/ Cgv`gelmes 3 e 9 jogs, vnsospähcoe njnpoze ?:. è pnóvoce f/ Cgv`gelmes 5? jogs, vnsospähcoe njnpoze ?0. è pnóvoce c/ Cefgs :}9, :}6>, =}5?, vnsospähcoe njnpoze =>. è pnóvoce `/ Cefgs :}39, :}05, vnsospähcoe njnpoze =2. è pnóvoce n/ Cefgs :}06, :}03, :}09, :}:5, vnsosp( njnpoze 96. è pnóvoce E cevie `n pvefelmg `n ~a cefg na agzoanhpg ï 5'> -~a u~ohpg/ `n s~e cevie `n v~rp~ve aáhoae( G jepgv `n sni~vehée ï e vnleéãg nhpvn e cevie `n v~rp~ve aáhoae n e cevie erloceè( N}narlg4 e/ Cgv`gelmes n cefgs nspåpocgs,

jepgv 3 e 0

f/ Cefgs pveéãg mgvotghpel,

jepgv 0 e > 3= yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

c/ Cefgs r' i~ohcmgs n pnvverleh(,

jepgv >

`/ Rghpns vglehpns, pelmes nlïpvoces,

jepgv : e =

n/ Nlnze`gvns feo}e znlgcoè`n,

jepgv = e 52

j/ Nlnze`gvns elpe znlgcoè`n,

jepgv 52 e 5:

Rvï!jgvaeéãg4

Ï rvgcnssg `n jefvoceéãg c~de joheloè`n ï e `n nloaohev es pnhsþns ohpnvhes n pgvéþns ohnvnhpns egs eveans `n elpg cevfghg, ~polote`gs he jefvoceéãg `n cefgs `n eég( Es rnvhes `gs cefgs rvï!jgvae`gs sn ecgagèa he rgsoéãg Mnlocgoèl u~n gc~rea hg cghd~hpg( Sãg es sni~ohpns es zehpeinhs ervnsnhpeès rnlgs cefgs rvï!jgvae`gs4 e/ e~anhpg â jln}ofoloè`n; f/ aeogv vnsospähcoe â jeòie `n jln}ãg; c/ nloaoheéãg ès pnhsþns ohpnvhes; `/ aeh~pnhéãg he s~e rgsoéãg gvoiohel `gs eveans u~n sn u~nfvea, hãg sn `nsjoeh`g; n/ g hãg `nsnhvgleanhpg ès n}pvnaoè`ns cgvpeès(

9(6 Cohpes Es cohpes `n agzoanhpeéãg sãg jefvoceès e revpov `n jofves sohpïpoces( Cga vnleéãg eg sn~ rvórvog rnsg, es cohpes päa ~ae cerecoè`n `n cevie n hãg rvnd~òcea e s~e s~rnvjácon(


Joi~ve 66 ! Cohpe `n rglonspnv cga npou~npe

Es cohpes `n rglonspnv `nzna pnv ~ae npou~npe et~l reve u~n sndea vncghmncoès( Nles päa ~ae fge vnsospähcoe u~ehpg â l~t n celgv n peafïa åco`gs sglznhpns( Nles päa peafïa ~ae fge nlespocoè`n, g u~n jet cga u~n snde g porg `n cohpe aeos ~poloteè( Nle só hãg vnsospn â fesn n rgv ossg hãg `nzn snv lezeè cga sefãg( Es cohpes `n rgloeaoè `nzna pnv ~ae npou~npe znv`n `n o`nhpojoceéãg n sãg vnsospnhpns â fesns( E `nszehpeina ès cohpes `n rgloeaoè nspå hg jepg `n u~n nles efsgvzna a~ope åi~e na eafonhpns ôao`gs g u~n vn`~t s~e cerecoè`n( Nspe ec~a~leéãg `n åi~e rg`n peafïa jetnv cga u~n na òes a~opg jvogs nle rgsse sn nhvodncnv -cghinlev/ n jocev u~nfveòée( Cohpes `n agzoanhpeéãg jnopes `n rglorvgrolnhg -npou~npe aevvga/ pna ~ae feo}e cerecoè`n `n cevie, lnzeh`g!sn na cghpe sn~ rnsg rvórvog, n sãg rg~cg jln}áznos( Aes nles päa ~ae fge vnsospähcoe u~áaoce n sãg ~poloteès na cesgs nsrncoeos( G H_LGH ï e aeos jgvpn ès jofves sohpïpoces n ervnsnhpe ~ae elpe cerecoè`n `n efsgvéãg `n jgvée, elïa `n n}cnrcoghel vnsospähcoe e s~cnssozgs cevvnieanhpgs( Reve ~poloteéãg `n cohpes na fehmgs u~áaocgs, g jefvocehpn `nznvoe snv cghs~lpe`g reve aeogvns nsclevncoanhpgs( Es jgvaes aeos cga~hs `n cohpes sãg4 …

cnspg sna joa

…

cga glmeos sna vnjgvég 02 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

…

cga glmeos vnjgvée`gs

…

cga pnvaoheos anpålocgs

Hg cesg `n pnvaoheos anpålocgs, nlns `nzna snv jnopgs `n jgvae u~n snde rgssáznl ressev ~a rnlg g~pvg reve u~n sn rgsse jetnv ~ae leéeè( @nzo`g eg nhznlmncoanhpg ès jofves, na nsrncoel u~eh`g ~seès eg ev lozvn g~ na fehmgs u~áaocgs, e èpe `n jefvoceéãg ès cohpes `nzn nspev he npou~npe( Reve vn`~tov g epvopg n reve nzopev cgvpns hes cohpes rg`nags ~sev vnznspoanhpgs cga aepnvoeos sohpïpocgs vnsospnhpns, na nsrncoel `n rglo~vnpehg( Hgvaelanhpn nspns `n rnvjos sãg ed~spåznos â cohpe(

Joi~ve 63 ! Lnzehpeanhpg `n cevie ~poloteh`g ~ae cohpe

Reve ~poloteéãg `n cohpes n}ospna eli~aes vnives nsrncoeos4 05 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

…

U~eh`g sn nlnze ~ae cevie, g æhi~lg `n efnvp~ve nhpvn es rghpes è cohpe hãg `nzn ~lpveressev 562´(

…

Sganhpn cohpes cga glmeos vnjgvée`gs rg`na snv ~poloteès na leég(

…

Reve ~polotev òznvses cohpes h~a pveznssãg pgès `nzna nspev h~ae rnvhe

…

rnvrnhòc~lev reve hãg meznv nsjgvég aeogv h~ae ès rnvhes( Es cevies hãg rg`na snv `nrgsopeès sgfvn es cohpes reve u~n hãg sndea èhojoceès(

…

…

Hãg sn rg`n èv hó hes cohpes( Erós ~poloteéãg na fehmgs u~áaocgs, es cohpes `nzna snv hn~pveloteès n nh}ei~eès reve u~n hãg mede cghcnhpveéãg u~áaoce(

9(6(5 Sni~vehée peafïa vnu~nv Ohsrnéãg

Es cohpes `nzna snv n}eaoheès na ohpnvzelgs hãg s~rnvogvns e `~es snaehes, u~eh`g ~seès na lnzehpeanhpgs inveos `n òjnvnhpns porgs `n cevies( 5´( Cglgu~n e cohpe na ~ae s~rnvjácon rlehe cga åvne ervgrvoeè( 6´( N}eaohn gs `gos le`gs è cohpe( 3´( Cohpes porg Ehnl `nzna snv n}eaoheès na pg`g sn~ cgarvoanhpg n rnváanpvg( 0´( Es elées `gs glmeos `nzna snv n}eaoheès revpoc~lev n c~oè`gseanhpn( >´( Pg`g nu~oreanhpg `nzn snv n}eaohe`g sganhpn rgv ~ae rnssge,`nsoiheè

reve nspe ohsrnéãg( 9(6(6 52 opnhs reve ~a lnzehpeanhpg sni~vg 4

5( Hãg n}cn`nv âs nsrncojoceéþns `g jefvocehpn, hes loaopeéþns `n rnsg n nspefoloè`n( 6( H~hce erlou~n ~ae sgfvncevie hg nu~oreanhpg `n nlnzeéãg( 3( âe grnveéãg s~ezn n felehcneè vnh`n a~opg aeos, elïa `n nzopev `nsiespn `g nu~oreanhpg n eco`nhpns( 0( H~hce ~sn cohpes ezevevoeès( >( Rgsocoghev e cohpe cgvvnpeanhpn he cevie, reve rvgrocoev ~ae jåcol vnagéãg, erós g ~sg( :( Hãg `no}n e cevie na cghpepg òvnpg cga g rosg( Cglgu~n celégs eg `nscevvniå!le reve anlmgv rg`nv nlnzå!le( 06 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

9( Hãg rgsocoghn e cohpe na cehpgs ei~`gs g~ cgvpehpns( =( ^polotn iehcmgs cga ~a veog `n ergog h~hce ohjnvogv e “5‑, `n snéãg lose n vn`ghè( ?( Nzopn e cglgceéãg `n aeos `n 5 rev `n cohpes, hg ansag iehcmg( 52( U~eh`g nlnzev ~ae cevie rnseè cga aeos `n ~ae cohpe, znvojou~n sn g pgpel `g rnsg nspå fna òspvof~á`g he pnhsãg `gs zïvpocns è cohpe( 9(6(3 Jgvaes `n Lnzehpeanhpg

Es cohpes nlnzea n agzoanhpea s~e cevie na u~elu~nv ~ae ès u~epvg jgvaes òjnvnhpns `n lnzehpeanhpg ol~spve`g (Eli~aes cohpes sãg nsrncojoceanhpn `nsoiheès reve snvna ~poloteès na sganhpn ~a porg `n lnzehpeanhpg(

Joi~ve 60 ! Jgvaes `n ~poloteéãg ès cohpes

9(3 Cgvvnhpns reve Lohies Cgvvnhpns sãg jefvoceès na òznvses jgvaes n u~eloè`ns( Rvoanoveanhpn gs nlgs sãg `gfve`gs n `nrgos sglè`gs( Rgspnvogvanhpn ï jnopg g pvepeanhpg pïvaocg -cgvvnhpns `n ive~/ n nhseog `n pveéãg( @oznvsgs pnspns sãg jnopgs `~vehpn n erós e jefvoceéãg reve u~n es cgvvnhpns sndea cnvpojoceès( @~vehpne rvg`~éãg, eli~hs nlgs sãg `gfve`gs na òznvsgs snhpo`gs reve znvojocev e sglè n erós e rvg`~éãg n pvepeanhpg pïvaocg, sãg vnelote`gs pnspns `n pveéãg n v~rp~ve( G ressg `n ~a nlg ï g sn~ cgarvoanhpg ohpnvhg( Sganhpn cgvvnhpns u~n pnhmea nlgs cga ressg oi~el e pväs zntns g sn~ òæanpvg rg`na snv ~poloteès reve agzoanhpeéãg n eaevveéãg `n cevies( Nspe vnive sn n}rloce rnlg jepg `n u~n cgvvnhpns essoa cghspv~áès, u~eh`g erloceès na æhi~lgs vnpgs, gs nlgs sn eróoea hgs nlgs zotohmgs, nzopeh`g essoa u~n e cgvvnhpn sn `gfvn( 03 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

9(3(5 Cgvvnhpns Sglèès

Cga~hs, Ielzehoteès, Celofveès -Nsrncoeos reve Pelmes/

Joi~ve 6> ! Cgvvnhpn `n eég jgvde`g n eaevves epï 3&

9(3(6 Cgvvnhpns Jgvdeès

Pefnle `n Anòès n Rnsgs Ervg}oae`gs

Es cgvvnhpns celofveès päa es anòès n}epes, sãg pnspeès na aåu~ohes `n rvgzes `n ecgv`g cga e pefnle ecoae n cga g cgnjoconhpn 6, g~ snde, 522. è cevie eàossáznl -cevie `n sni~vehée/ 9(3(3 Lohies `n Cgvvnhpns

Lohies soarlns ! na eég jgvde`g ~seès na j~hòéþns, Rghpns vglehpns, Narvnopnovgs `n Cghspv~éãg n reve pg`gs gs pvefelmgs gh`n sn pgvhea hncnssåvogs I~ohèspns


reve vnagéãg `n aepnvoel, cgag cevies n `nscevies `n hezogs n ceaohmþns( Sni~n pefnle `n cevies `n pvefelmg(

Joi~ve 6: ! Lohies `n Cgvvnhpns

U~e`vg `n Cevies `n Pvefelmg


Joi~ve 69 ! Lohies @~rles, Pvorles, U~e`v~rles, npc

9(0 Lohies Cgafoheès Reve e agzoanhpeéãg `n cevies pnags elpnvhepozes reve anlmgvev e `~vefoloè`n, jecolopev g aeh~snog n peafïa rg~rev e cevie( Rg`nags cghsni~ov ossg cgafoheh`g òznvsgs aepnvoeos( 9(0(5 Cefg ! cgvvnhpn ! cefg4

^se!sn g cefg reve ressev rgv feo}g è cevie( E revpn u~n nhzglzn e cevie ï ~ae cgvvnhpn `n ive~ = g u~n, rgv n}narlg, hg pvehsrgvpn `n pvnjole`gs ievehpn ~ae fge `~vefoloè`n n fghs c~spgs( 0: yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

9(0(6 Cgvvnhpn cga nhc~vpe`gv ! cefg(

U~eh`g g cefg ï hncnssåvog reve u~n sn nhzglze e cevie n rvncoseags peafïa `n ed~spn hg cgarvoanhpg è Lohie, ~seags nspe cgafoheéãg( 9(0(3 Cgvvnhpn ! cohpes(

Es cohpes sãg ~poloteès rvohcorelanhpn hg pvehsrgvpn `n rnées ecefeès g~ snao! ecefeès gh`n e s~rnvjácon hãg rg`n snv èhojoceè( Cga nsse cgafoheéãg pnags e zehpeina è `~vefoloè`n è cgvvnhpn n è jecoloè`n `n s~fspop~ov e cohpe u~eh`g hncnssåvog( Jgve e rgssofoloè`n `n ed~spn hg cgarvoanhpg è Lohie ~seh`g ievves `n nhc~vpeanhpg( 9(0(0 Cgvvnhpn ! leég sohpïpocg

Essoa cgag e cohpe, g leég sohpïpocg rg`n snv cghd~ie`g cga e cgvvnhpn n sn~s ecnssóvogs n aehpnv e fge cevecpnváspoce `g leég u~n ï e `n rg~rev e cevie `n èhgs s~rnvjocoeos( Na Lohies cgafoheès `nznags epnhpev reve u~n e rleu~npe `n o`nhpojoceéãg snde jnope `n ecgv`g cga e revpn aeos jvåiol è Lohie( H~hce cghso`nvev e cevie rnlg òanhsoghel è cgvvnhpn, rgos hnspns cesgs hgvaelanhpn nle nspå s~rnv òanhsogheè cga vnleéãg egs g~pvgs aepnvoeos erloce`gs( 9(0(> Cgafoheéãg cgvvnhpn + cohpe

9(> Ag`gs `n Agzoanhpeéãg Reve njnopg `n cålc~lgs ~seags, cgag n}narlg, snarvn Lohies u~n cgargvpea 5222Ki rgv rnvhe( cgvvnhpn 52aa ive~ 6 …

…

cefg `n eég 56aa 09 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

…

cgvè `n rglorvgrolnhg 60aa

…

cgvvnhpn =aa ive~ >

…

cgvvnhpn :aa ive~ =

@nznags `naghspvev cga ospg g u~ehpg e cevie rg`n rnsev na ceè ag`g `n grnveéãg(

…

…

E agzoanhpeéãg cga Lohies `n ~ae rnvhe ï aeos soarlns( E cevie rg`n snv oi~el e cerecoè`n `n cevie è rnvhe(

E agzoanhpeéãg cga Lohies `n `~es rnvhes( U~ehpg aeogv e ehi~leéãg anhgv e cerecoè`n `n cevie è Lohie rgos es jgvées vns~lpehpns sãg Cvnscnhpns

0= yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

…

Lohie na cnspg rnvrnhòc~lev â cevie rg`n pnv g rnsg oi~el e cerecoè`n `n u~epvg rnvhes oh`nrnh`nhpns sgaeès( Aes ossg sganhpn sn g òæanpvg è rnée jgv iveh`n g s~joconhpn n hãg mg~znv cehpgs zozgs( Só rg`n snv ~seè u~eh`g hãg mg~znv voscg è cevie nscgvvniev

@gos leégs na rnvrnhòc~lev, rgv ce~se è jgvée erloceè hg lehéeanhpg( @nznags cghpev cga ernhes =2. è cerecoè`n è cevie(

…

…

Cnspg `~rlg cga ehi~leéãg4 rgv ce~se è ehi~leéãg hãg rg`nags cghpev cga e cerecoè`n `n 0 rnvhes ohòzo`~eos -0}922ki/( U~eh`g pnags Lohies `n u~epvg rnvhes rg`nags ernhes cghpev cgag sn jgssna pväs rnvhes rgvpehpg, e anhgs u~n sn pnhme cnvpnte `n u~n es u~epvg rnvhes nspndea oi~elanhpn cevvnieès(


…

@gos leégs cga ehi~leéãg4 e cevie nspå `nrgsopeè na `~es rnvhes( @nznags cghs~lpev e pefnle n znv u~el g òæanpvg n u~el e ehi~leéãg pnags n rgspnvogvanhpn `nscghpev 62. è cerecoè`n `n cevie rgv ce~se `g leéeanhpg(

…

Sn ~polotevags ~ae Lohie na cnspg gh`n es n}pvnaoè`ns nspãg rvnses e ~a ôhocg nlg `n s~spnhpeéãg gh`n e cgvvnhpn pvefelmn sna `gfves eg vn`gv è cevie n cga ~ae ehi~leéãg ohn}rvnssoze( Rg`nags celc~lev cga e cerecoè`n `n ceè rnvhe cgag cmnoe(

>2 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

…

Sn ~polotevags ~ae Lohie na cnspg g~ na leég `nznags cghpev cga ernhes =2. `n s~e cerecoè`n `n cevie rgv ce~se è `gfve u~n ï jnope hg leéeanhpg(

…

Sn ~polotevags ~ae Lohie na cnspg sna joa gh`n e cgvvnhpn pvefelmn sna `gfves eg vn`gv è cevie n cga ~ae ehi~leéãg ohn}rvnssoze( @nznags cghpev cga =2. è cerecoè`n è cevie `n s~es rnvhes ~ae znt u~n nle pvefelme `gfveè sgfvn g iehcmg(


…

Sn ~polotevags ~ae Lohie sna joa na leég, `nznags cghpev peafïa cga ernhes =2. è cerecoè`n `n s~es rnvhes ~ae znt u~n nle sgjvn `gfveanhpgs hg leég n hg iehcmg(

9(>(5 Agzoanhpeéãg cga Pveznssþns

Cga pveznssþns rg`nags jetnv agzoanhpeéþns ansag cga rg~ce elp~ve `n nlnzeéãg, nzopeh`g pgpel g~ revcoelanhpn e ehi~leéãg ès rnvhes( Es cevies efeo}g `g Pveznssãg `nzna snv rvnses `n pel jgvae u~n hãg rgssea sn `gfvev n ceov -cevie g~ rnées ohòzo`~eos/( @nznags cghso`nvev cgag ôhoce `nszehpeina `g Pveznssãg g sn~ rvórvog rnsg, rgos u~ehpg aeogv sn~ rnsg anhgv g rnsg u~n rg`nvnags pvehsrgvpev, `nzo`g e loaopeéãg `g anog `n nlnzeéãg(

Sn ~polotevags Pveznssþns n e cevie hãg jgv elohmeè na sn~ cnhpvg e cevie rnh`n n rg`n nscgvvniev n ceov


= CGHCL^SÃG Hes oh`ôspvoes ï cvnscnhpn e ~poloteéãg `n anogs `n nlnzeéãg cga grnveéãg e revpov `g sglg -cghpvgln vnagpg/, gh`n g agzoanhpe`gv ï peafïa grnve`gv, g~ snde, nln ï vnsrghsåznl rnles `~es j~héþns( G rnvoig ï u~n pehpg g rnssgel è rvg`~éãg u~ehpg g rnssgel è aeh~pnhéãg grnvea n agzoanhpea, cga ossg n}nvcna ~ae epozoè`n e u~el hãg nspãg ecgsp~ae`gs g~ ansag rvnreve`gs( E jecoloè`n cga u~n gs anogs `n nlnzeéãg agzoanhpea e cevie nhiehe u~ehpg âs sop~eéþns `n rnvoig( Rnle `naghspveéãg `n cghòéþns `n eco`nhpns párocgs ï rvncosg u~n nles sndea cghmncoès n cghsnu~nhpnanhpn nzopeès( Hg snpgv `n pvehsrgvpns, ernsev `g elpg ive~ `n e~pgaepoteéãg, eohè n}ospn ~a iveh`n rnvcnhp~el `n pvefelmg aeh~el, nsrncoelanhpn he agzoanhpeéãg `n cevies rgv anog `n pelmes, i~ohèspns, npc( u~n `n eigve na òehpn cmeaevnags `n anogs `n nlnzeéãg( >3 yyy(flgièancehoce(cga(fv

Levantamento de Cargas

Recommend Documents