1
SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNIK – PLN
PEMELIHARAAN PERANGKAT SISTEM EKSITASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEHANDALAN PADA PLTGU GRESIK
PROYEK AKHIR Disusun Oleh :
BILAL JOKO SURATNO NIM : 2012-1-0!
PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN AHLI MADYA DIPLOMA TIGA TEKNIK ELEKTRO JAKARTA, 2015
PENGESAHAN
2
Proyek Akhr De!"#! J$%$&
PEMELIHARAAN PERANGKAT SISTEM EKSITASI 'NT'K MENINGKATKAN KEHANDALAN PADA PLTG' GRESIK D($($! o&eh : )ILAL JOKO S'RATNO NIM : 2012*+1*0+ 2012*+1*0+ D#-$k#! '!.$k Me/e!$h Per(y#r#.#! P#%# K$rk$&$/ Pe!%%k#! Ah& M#%y# D&o/# T"# P#%# SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNIK – PLN TEKNIK ELEKTRO
Me!"e.#h$,
J#k#r.#, J$& 2015 D(e.$-$,
Ir S$#r!o, MT Do(e! Pe/3/3!" N$r/#. P#(r# ST, MT Ke.$# Pro"r#/ S.$% D&o/# T"# Tek!k E&ek.ro
H#r ($o!%o
PERN"ATA PERN"ATAAN AN KEASLIAN KE ASLIAN PRO"EK AKHIR AKHI R
4
De!"#! ! (#y# /e!y#.#k#! 3#h# Proyek Akhr %e!"#! J$%$& :
PEMELIHARAAN PERANGKAT SISTEM EKSITASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEHANDALAN PADA PLTGU GRESIK
! /er$#k#! k#ry# .$&( (#y# (e!%r %#! 3$k#! /er$#k#! .r$#!, (#&!#! #.#$ %$& %$&k k#. #. %#r %#r Proy Proyek ek Akhr khr #.#$ #.#$ Sk Skr r( ( y#!" #!" .e .eh h %e %er" r"$! $!#k #k#! #! $!.$ $!.$k k /e!%##.k#! "eh Ah& M#%y#, #.#$ S#r-#!# Te Tek!k, 3#k % &!"k$!"#! STT*PLN STT*PLN /#$$! % Per"$r$#! T!"" !, (er.# 3e&$/ er!#h % $3&k#(k#! Per!y#.##! ! %3$#. %e!"#! e!$h ke(#%#r#! %#! r#(# .#!""$!" -##3 (er.# 3er(e%# /e/k$& (e"# re(ko -k# .er!y#.# er!y#.##! % #.#( .%#k 3e!#r
Gre(k,
J$& 2015
BILAL JOKO SURATNO NIM : 2012-1-0!
U#APAN TERIMA KASIH
De!"#! ! (#y# /e!y#/#k#! 3#!y#k .er/# k#(h ke#%# : B$%$& I'( Su)$'n*+ MT sel$&u Pe,i,in. /I
y#!" %e!"#! ke(#3#r#!!y# .eh /e/3erk#! e.$!-$k, (#r#!*(#r#! (er.# 3/3!"#!!y# (eh!""# Proyek Akhr ! %##. %(e&e(#k#! .e#. #%# #k.$!y# Ter/# k#(h y#!" (#/#, (#y# (#/#k#! ke#%# )##k H$'i Su)*n* sel$&u Pe,i,in. /II y#!" .eh /e!"6!k#! /ek$k#! e!"#/3! %#.# % .e/#.
ker-#!y#
Gre(k,
J$& 2015
BILAL JOKO SURATNO NIM : 2012-1-0!
DATAR ISI
Le/3#r J$%$&
5
Le/3#r Pe!"e(#h#! Le/3#r Per!y#.##! Ke#(&#! Proyek Akhr Le/3#r '7##! Ter/# K#(h 8 D#9.#r I( 8 D#9.#r G#/3#r 8 A3(.r#k
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
11
L#.#r )ek#!" M#(#h1
12
T$-$#! Proyek Akhr2
14
M#!9##. Proyek Akhr2
1
R$/$(#! /#(#h4
15
)#.#(#! /#(#h4
1;
S(.e/#.k# Pe!$&(#!
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
21
Pr!( Ker-# Ge!er#.or5
22
S(.e/ Ek(.#(12
221
S(.e/ Ek(.#( De!"#! Sk#.14
222
S(.e/ Ek(.#( T#!# Sk#.1
22
S(.e/ Pro.ek(1;
241
Pro.ek( Excitation Failure #.#$ Ke"#"#! Ek(.#(20
242
Loss Of field Protection atau ro.ek( Keh!"#! Me%#! Pe!"$#.22
2421 G#!""$#! H!" T#!# D(er.# A%#!y# S& P#%#2
;
2422 G#!""$#! D(er.# De!"#! A%#!y# S& P#%# Ro.or25 2424 Rey Pro.ek( H!" Pe!"$#. Ge!er#.or2+
BAB III KEGAGALAN SISTEM EKSITASI
41
Pe!"er.#! '/$/ Pe/e&h#r##!40
411
<$!"( %#! T$-$#! Pe/e&h#r##!41
412
Je!(*Je!( Pe/e&h#r##!44
414
Pro(e%$r D#/ Pek(#!##! Pe/e&h#r##!45
42
<#k.or Pe!ye3#3 Ke"#"#! S(.e/4;
44
Pr!( Ker-# Pro.ek( S(.e/ ek(.#(4+
441
Pr!( Ker-# Pro.ek( Eksitasi Failure4=
442
Pr!( Ker-# Loss Of Field Protectio Relay >Mho Relay ?4=
4
Per/#(#h#! S(.e/ ek(.#( % PLTG' Gre(k1
45
Me.o%e Pe!#!"#!#! G#!""$#!
BAB
I3
Pe,elih$'$$n
K*'e&4i5
Sis4e,
E&si4$si
Un4u&
Men.ien4i5i&$si L*&$si G$n..u$n 1
Me!e!.$k#! Lok#( G#!""$#!+
2
H#(& Pe/#(#!"#! R#!"k##! I%e!.9k#( "#!""$#!55
4
A!#&(#5;
BAB 3 KESIMPULAN DATAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN
+
DATAR GAMBAR
G#/3#r 21 Ske/# Pr!( Ker-# Ge!er#.or ;
=
G#/3#r 22 D#"r#/ Ge!er#.or A@ 4 <#(# = G#/3#r 24 H$3$!"#! )!.#!" 10 G#/3#r 2 H$3$!"#! Se"."# 11 G#/3#r 25 S(.e/ Ek(.#( De!"#! Sk#. 1 G#/3#r 2; S(.e/ Ek(.#( T#!# (k#. 1; G#/3#r 2+ Pro.ek( Pe!"$#. Ge!er#.or 1 G#/3#r 2= Logic Excitation Failure 21 G#/3#r 2 K#r#k.er(.k /e%#!( h!" e!"$#. "e!er#.or 2+ G#/3#r 210 Pro.ek( h!" e!"$#. %e!"#! rey #r$( k$r#!" 2= G#/3#r 211 Pro.ek( H!" Pe!"$#. De!"#! Rey Mho 2 G#/3#r 41 D#"r#/ k#r#k.er(.k o99(e. /ho rey 4 G#/3#r 42 Re(o! Ge!er#.or (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! .#!# (& 0 G#/3#r 44 Re(o! Ge!er#.or (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! %(er.# (& 0 G#/3#r 4 ko!%( PL@ S##. Ter-#% G#!""$#! 1 G#/3#r 45 Ko!%( Tr!" M#.rk (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! 2 G#/3#r 1 R#!"k##! Pe!"r/ S!y#& Tr G#/3#r 2 Rey e!"r/ er!.#h .r 50 G#/3#r 4 R#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! 52 G#/3#r R#!"k##! I%e!.9k#( G#!""$#! De!"#! T/er 54 G#/3#r 5 )e!.$k <(k r#!"k##! I%e!.9k#( "#!""$#! 55
ABSTRAK Juul :
Pe/e&h#r##! Per#!"k#. S(.e/ Ek(.#( '!.$k Me!!"k#.k#! Keh#!%#! P#%# PLTG' Gre(k
S(.e/ ek(.#( #%#h ((.e/ #(ok#! &(.rk D@ (e3#"# e!"$#.#! #%# "e!er#.or &(.rk #.#$ (e3#"# e/3#!"k. /e%#! /#"!e., (eh!""# ($#.$ "e!er#.or %##. /e!"h#(&k#! e!er" &(.rk %e!"#! 3e(#r .e"#!"#! ke&$#r#! "e!er#.or 3er"#!.$!" #%# 3e(#r!y# #r$( ek(.#(!y# S(.e/ ! /er$#k#! ((.e/ y#!" 8.#& %#! (#!"#. 3ere!"#r$h #%# ro(e( e/3#!"k.#! &(.rk (eh!""# (#!"#. er&$ %-#"# keh#!%#! ((.e/!y# D PLTG' "re(k $!.$k /e!-#"# keh#!%#! ((.e/ ek(.#( (e&$ %k$k#! !(ek( (e7#r# 3erk# #%# ((.e/ ek(.#(!y# N#/$! /e!"!"#. $/$r %#r ((.e/ ek(.#( .$ (e!%r ($%#h &e3h %#r 20 .#h$! /e(k$! %k$k#! !(ek( (e7#r# 3erk# .%#k /e!$.$ ke/$!"k!#! .er-#% "#!""$#!*"#!""$#! y#!" /e!"#k3#.k#! $!. .r K#%#!" "#!""$#! y#!" .er-#% (#!"#. ($&. $!.$k %.e/$k#! k#re!# (!y#& y#!" /$!7$& h#!y# (e(##. k#re!# 3$k#! %#r ke-#%#! y#!" (e3e!#r!y# .e.# k#re!# %#r er#.#!*er#.#! ((.e/ ek(.#( y#!" ($%#h .%#k 3eker-# (e7#r# o./#& H#& ! .e!.$ (#!"#. /er$"k#! 3#" e/3#!"k. k#re!# /e!ye3#3k#! e!$r$!#! keh#!%#! e/3#!"k. .er(e3$. '!.$k /e!#!"#! er/#(#h#! ! %k$k#! ($#.$ .!%#k#! Pe/e&h#r##! korek.9 %e!"#! 7#r# /e/3$#. ($#.$ %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! y#!" % .$-$k#! $!.$k /e!"e.#h$ .er&e.#k %#r "#!""$#! .er(e3$. %#! h#& ! .er3$k. (#!"#. e9ek.9 (eh!""# 3(# %k$k#! .!%#k#! er3#k#! #%# er#.#! y#!" 3er/#(#h %#! -$"# 3(# /e"e/3#&k#! keh#!%#! #%# $!. e/3#!"k. K#.# k$!7: ek(.#(, "#!""$#!, .r, %e!.9k#( "#!""$#!, keh#!%#!
1
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1(1L$4$' Bel$&$n. M$s$l$h
P#%# PLTG' Gre(k (e&$ %k$k#! e/e&h#r##! (e7#r# 3erk# $!.$k /e/er.#h#!k#! keh#!%#! #%# $!. e/3#!"k.!y# H#& ! /e/#!" 7$k$ e9ek.9 %#! %##. /e/!/#&(r .er-#%!y# "#!!"$#! y#!" %##.
/e!ye3#3k#!
keh#!%#!
e/3#!"k.
/e!$r$!
Ak#!
.e.#
/e!"!"#. $/$r %#r er#.#!*er#.#! #%# e/3#!"k. y#!" ($%#h &e3h %#r
20
.#h$!
/e!ye3#3k#!
.er-#%!y#
"#!""$#!*"#!""$#!
y#!"
%(e3#3k#! %#r k$r#!" o./#&!y# k!er-# %#r ko/o!e!*ko/o!e! er#.#! .er(e3$. Terk#%#!" "#!""$#! y#!" /$!7$& .%#k %ke.#h$ &e.#k!y# k#re!# (!y#& y#!" /$!7$& h#!y#h (!y#& #&($ (eer. y#!" .eh .er-#% #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( %(#h (#.$ $!. PLTG' Gre(k S!y#& #&($ .$ (e!%r #%#h (!y#& y#!" /$!7$& h#!y# (e(##. %#! 3$k#! %#r ke-#%#! (e3e!#r!y# Pe!ye3#3 .er-#%!y# (!y#& #&($ ! 3#(#!y# k#re!# k!er-# %#r ko/o!e! e!"r/ (!y#& y#!" ($%#h .%#k o./#& k#re!# /#(#h $/$r (eer. y#!" ($%#h %-e(k#! %#.#( Jk# "#!""$#! y#!" /$7$& k#re!# #%#!y# (!y#& #&($ /#k# h#/r .%#k /$!"k! $!.$k /e!e/$k#! &e.#k %#r "#!""$#! .$ (e!%r Jk# .%#k %##. /e!e/$k#! &e.#k "#!""$#! /#k# ke/$!"k!#! "#!""$#! .$ /$!7$& ke/3#& (#!"#. 3e(#r k#re!# 3e&$/
#%#
.!%#k#!
er3#k#!
H#&
!
($%#h #(. /e!ye3#3k#!
keh#!%#! e/3#!"k. /e!$r$! %#! .er"#!""$!y# #(ok#! &(.rk ke ko!($/e! Se3e!#r!y# h#& ! %##. %#!.(#( %e!"#! /ek$k#!
2
e!"#/#.#! y#!" ko!.!y$ .erh#%# ko/o!e! er#.#! .er(e3$. $!.$k /e!e/$k#! &e.#k "#!""$#!, #k#! .e.# h#& ! .%#k /$!"k! %k$k#! k#re!# %(#/!" k##! %#.#!"!y# "#!""$#! y#!" .%#k %##. %re%k( -$"# $!.$k /ek$k#! e!"#/#.#! (e7#r# ko!.!y$ -$"# .%#k e9ek.9 k#re!# #k#! /e!"#3#k#! eker-##! !!y# M#k# %#r .$ $!.$k %##. /e/e.#k#! &e.#k "#!""$#! y#!" /$!7$& k#re!# (!y#& #&($ .er(e3$. %3$#. ($#.$ %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! e&ek.rk %e!"#! /e/3$#. ($#.$ r#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! y#!" %#(#!" #%# er#.#! .er(e3$. %#! h#& ! .er3$k. (#!"#. e9ek.9 $!.$k /e!e/$k#! &e.#k "#!""$#!
1(2 Tu6u$n P'*7e& A&hi'
T$-$#! %#r e!e&.#! ! #%#h /e!"e.#h$ %#! /e!"#!#&(# %#!.#r#!y# : 1 Me!e!.$k#! /e.o%e y#!" %"$!#k#! $!.$k /e!#!"#! "#!""$#! #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( 2 Me!"#!#&(# e!ye3#3 .er-#%!y# "#!""$#! .er(e3$. 4 Mek$k#! #!.(#( #"#r "#!""$#! .er(e3$. .%#k .er-#% "
1(8
M$n5$$4 P'*7e& A&hi'
M#!9##. %#! h#(& y#!" %h#r#k#! %#r e!e&.#! ! #%#h: 1 Pro(e( $!.$k /e/e.#k#! &e.#k "#!""$#! y#!" .er-#% k#re!# (!y#& #&($ %##. &e3h /e!"he/#. #k.$ 2 Me/!/#&(r .er-#%!y# "#!""$#! y#!" (#/# k#re!# .eh %k$k#! er3#k#! #%# ko/o!e! y#!" 3er/#(#h
4
4 Keh#!%#!
%#r
$!. e/3#!"k. &e3h .er-#"#
k#re!#
ro(e(
%e!.9k#( "#!""$#! &e3h e9ek.9 %#! e9(e!
1(9
Ru,us$n ,$s$l$h
)er%#(#rk#! er/#(#h#! %#.#( /#k# y#!" k#/ 3#h#( 3erk#.#! %e!"#! #. .er(e3$. %#!.#r# ! : 1 )#"#/#!# 7#r# ker-# ko/o!e! ((.e/ ek(.#( 2 )#"#/#!# r!( ker-# ((.e/ ro.ek( ek(.#( y#!" /e!"#/ "#!""$#! 4 )#"#/#!# 7#r# e/3$#.#! r#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! Me!"e.#h$ 3#"#/#!# e!"#r$h e/#(#!"#! r#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! #%# ((.e/ ek(.#(
1(
B$4$s$n ,$s$l$h
'!.$k &e3h /e/9ok$(k#! e/3#h#(#! royek #khr !, /#(#h y#!" % .ek#!k#! %#r .$"#( #khr ! %3#.#( #%# 3e3er## r!7#! (e3#"# 3erk$. : 1 Pe/e&h#r##! korek.9 ((.e/ ek(.#( %e!"#! /ek$k#! e/#(#!"#! r#!"k##!
%e!.9k#(
"#!""$#!
$!.$k
/e!"%e!.9k#(
($/3er
"#!""$#! 2 )#"#! ((.e/ ek(.#( y#!" #k#! %3$#.k#! r#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! 4 Mo%e& er#!7#!"#! r#!"k#! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( <$!"( %#r r#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! %#! h#&*h#& y#!" %##. /e!ye3#3k#! (!y#& #&($ %##. .er-#%
1(;
Sis4e,$4i&$ Penulis$n
Proyek Akhr ! .er3#" %#/ &/# 3#3 )#3 (#.$ /e/3#h#( /e!"e!#
e!%#h$&$#!
y#!"
3er(
.#r
3ek#!"
/#(#h,
(er.#
er/#(#h#! ## (#-# y#!" !"! %3#h#(, 3#3 %$# /e/3#h#( .eor %#(#r /e!"e!# /#.er e!$!-#!" y#!" /e#k& ( royek #khr !, 3#3 ."# /e/3#h#( /e.o%e y#!" %#k# %#/ /e!"/&e/e!.#(k#! .eor %#! ko!(e ke %#/ e!ye&e(##! /#(#h, 3#3 e/#. /e/3#h#( /e!"e!# h#(& #!#&(# %#! e!ye&e(##! /#(#h y#!" %3#h#(, %#! 3#3 .er#khr y#.$ 3#3 &/# /e/3#h#( ke(/$! y#!" %.#rk %#r h#(& e!"k#-#! (e&$r$h 3#3
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
5
Ek(.#( #%#h 3#"#! %#r ((.e/ %#r "e!er#.or y#!" 3er9$!"( /e/3e!.$k/e!"h#(&k#!
9&$k(
y#!"
3er$3#h
.erh#%#
#k.$,
(eh!""#
%h#(&k#! (#.$ GGL !%$k( Se.eh "e!er#.or A@ /e!7## ke7e#.#! !o/!#&, /e%#!!y# %ek(.#( %#r 7#.$ D@ Ke.k# k$.$3 &e#. % 3##h ko!%$k.or -#!"k#r, 9&$k( /e%#! y#!" /e/o.o!" ko!%$k.or /e!"!%$k(k#! GGL #%# ko!%$k.or -#!"k#r )e(#r!y# GGL y#!" %3#!"k.k#! .er"#!.$!" #%# -$ e/o.o!"#! "#r( "#y# >ke7e#.#! ro.or? %#! k$#. /e%#! K#re!# "e!er#.or ke3#!y#k#! 3erker-# #%# ke7e#.#! ko!(.#!, /#k# 3e(#r!y# GGL y#!" %3#!"k.k#! /e!-#% 3er"#!.$!" #%# ek(.#( /e%#!
2(1P'insi% Ke'6$ Gene'$4*'
Ge!er#.or 3eker-# 3er%#(#rk#! h$k$/ 9#r#%#y y#k! ##3 ($#.$ e!"h#!.#r %$.#rk#! %%#/ (e3$#h /e%#! /#"!e. (eh!""# /e/o.o!" "#r(*"#r( "#y# /#"!e. /#k# #%# $-$!" e!"h#!.#r .er(e3$. #k#! ./3$& ""& >"#r( "#y# &(.rk? y#!" /e/$!y# (#.$#! 8o&. Te"#!"#! y#!" %h#(&k#! .er%##. #%# k$/#r#! -#!"k#r %#! .er"#!.$!" %#r k$#. /e%#! #%# ro.or %#! ke7e#.#!!y# )e(#r ke7&!y# 9&$k( .er"#!.$!" %#r #r$( y#!" %3erk#! #%# k$/#r#! /e%#! ro.or Jk# %#/ ek(#!##!!y# $.#r#! "e!er#.or %3$#. .e.#, /#k# .e"#!"#! "e!er#.or .er"#!.$!" #%# k$#. &e/#h!y# #r$( #%# k$/#r#! /e%#! ro.or
;
G#/3#r 21 Ske/# Pr!( Ker-# Ge!er#.or A%#$! r!( ker-# %#r "e!er#.or (e7#r# $/$/ #%#h (e3#"# 3erk$. : 1 K$/#r#! /e%#! y#!" .er%##. #%# ro.or %h$3$!"k#! %e!"#! ($/3er ek(.#( .er.e!.$ y#!" #k#! /e!($ #r$( (e#r#h .erh#%# k$/#r#! /e%#! De!"#! #%#!y# #r$( (e#r#h y#!" /e!"#&r /e&$ k$/#r#! /e%#! /#k# #k#! /e!/3$&k#! 9&$k( y#!" 3e(#r!y# .erh#%# #k.$ #%#h .e.# 2 Pe!""er#k /$ >Prime Mover ? y#!" ($%#h .erkoe& %e!"#! ro.or (e"er# %oer#(k#! (eh!""# ro.or #k#! 3er$.#r #%# ke7e#.#! !o/!#&!y# 4 Per$.#r#! ro.or .er(e3$. (ek#&"$( #k#! /e/$.#r /e%#! /#"!e. y#!" %h#(&k#! o&eh k$/#r#! /e%#! Me%#! $.#r y#!" %h#(&k#! #%# ro.or, #k#! %!%$k(k#! #%# k$/#r#! -#!"k#r (eh!""# #%# k$/#r#! -#!"k#r y#!" .er&e.#k % (.#.or #k#! %h#(&k#! 9&$k( /#"!e.k y#!" 3er$3#h*$3#h 3e(#r!y# .erh#%# #k.$ A%#!y# er$3#h#! 9&$k(
+
/#"!e.k y#!" /e&!"k$ ($#.$ k$/#r#! #k#! /e!/3$&k#! ""& !%$k( #%# $-$!"*$-$!" k$/#r#! .er(e3$., h#& .er(e3$. (e($# %e!"#! Per(#/##! 21 %#! Per(#/##! 22 3erk$. : dϕ e =− N dt 21 e =− N
d ϕ max sinωt dt
¿− N ω ϕ max cosωt
> ω =2 πf ?
¿− N ( 2 πf ) ϕmax cosωt
(
>
f =
np 120
?
)
¿− N 2 π np ϕ max cosωt 120
(
)
¿− N 2.3,14 np ϕ max cosωt 120
(
Em =− N 2.3,14
E max
Eeff =
√ 2
¿
np 120
(
− N =
)
ϕ max
2.3,14
np 120
)
ϕ max
√ 2
4,44 Npn ϕmax
4,44 Np
120
120
Eeff =Cn ϕmax
%/#!# : Em Eeff
=C
22
B ""& !%$k( /#k(/$/ >Co&.?
B ""& !%$k( e9ek.9 >N y#!" .er3#7# #%# #. $k$r?
N
B -$/h &&.#!
e
B ""& !%$k( %#/ ke#%##! .r#!(e!. >Co&.?
C
B ko!(.#!.#
f
B 9rek$e!( >Her.6?
=
n
B $.#r#! ro.or >r/?
ϕ max
B 9&$k( /#"!e.k /#k(/$/ >e3er?
'!.$k "e!er#.or (!kro! ."# 9#(#, h#r$( #%# ."# 3e&.#! y#!" /#(!"*/#(!" .er(#h (e3e(#r 120 %er#-#. &(.rk %#/ r$#!" (ek.#r ke&&!" 7eh $%#r# (eer. %er&h#.k#! #%# k$/#r#! # – #, 3 – 3 %#! 7 – 7 #%# "#/3#r 22 M#(!"*/#(!" &&.#! #k#! /e!"h#(&k#! "e&o/3#!" <&$k( (!$(o%# (#.$ %e!"#! !!y# 3er3e%# 120 %er#-#. &(.rk D#/ ke#%##! (e/3#!" 3e(#r!y# 9&$k( (e(##. : ϕ A =ϕ max . cos ωt ϕ B =ϕ max . cos ( ωt −120 ° )
ωt
¿ ¿
ϕ C = ϕ max . cos ¿
G#/3#r 22 D#"r#/ Ge!er#.or A@ T"# <#(# )e(#r!y# 9&$k( re($&.#! #%#h -$/h 8ek.or ke."# 9&$k( .er(e3$. #%#h: ϕ T = ϕ A + ϕ B + ϕ C
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF24
y#!" /er$#k#! 9$!"( .e/#. > φ ? %#! #k.$ > t ?, /#k# 3e(#r* 3e(#r!y# 9&$k( .o.#& #%#h: ϕ T ( φ , t )= ϕ max . cos ωt ϕ max . cos ( ωt −240 ° ) . cos ( φ −240 ° )
De!"#! /e/#k# .r#!(9or/#( .r"o!o/e.r %#r :
cos α . cos β =
1 2
1
. cos ( α + β ) + . cos ( α − β ) 2
/#k# %#r er(#/##! %#.#( %ero&eh :
1
1
1
1
2
2
2 1
2
( ωt + φ ) +¿ . ϕ max . cos ( ωt − φ ) + . ϕ max . cos ( ωt + φ −240 ° ) + . ϕ max . cos ( ωt − φ ) + . ϕ max . co ϕ T = . ϕmax . cos ¿ 2
D#r er(#/##! %#.#(, 3 %$r#k#! /#k# ($k$ ke(#.$, ke."#, %#! ke&/# #k#! (!" /e!"h!"k#! De!"#! %e/k#! %#r er(#/##! #k#! %%##. 9&$k( .o.#& (e3e(#r,
3
ϕ T = ϕ max . cos ( ωt − φ ) 2
e3erFFFFFFFFFFFFFF2
10
P#%# ((.e/ .e!#"# &(.rk 4 9#(#, %e#&!y# %#y# &(.rk y#!" %3#!"k.k#! %(#&$rk#! %#! %(er# o&eh 3e3#! (e/$#!y# (e/3#!", P e/3#!"k.#! B P e/#k#! %#! -$"# #%# .e"#!"#! y#!" (e/3#!" P#%# .e"#!"#! y#!" (e/3#!" .er%r %#r .e"#!"#! 1 9#(# y#!" /e/$!y# /#"!.$%e %#! 9rek$e!( y#!" (#/# .e.# #!.#r# 1 9#(# %e!"#! y#!" !!y# /e/$!y# 3e%# 9#(# (e3e(#r 120&(.rk %#! %##. %h$3$!"k#! (e7#r# 3!.#!" >Y? #.#$ (e"."# >%e&.#?
G#/3#r 24 H$3$!"#! )!.#!"
P#%# h$3$!"#! 3!.#!" >Y?, $-$!"*$-$!" .# 9#(# %h$3$!"k#! /e!-#% (#.$ %#! /e!-#% ..k !e.r#& #.#$ ..k 3!.#!" Te"#!"#! #!.#r# %$# .er/!#& %#r ."# .er/!#& R*S*T /e/$!y# 3e(#r /#"!.$%e %#! 3e%# 9#(# y#!" 3er3e%# %e!"#! .e"#!"#! .# .er/!#& .erh#%# ..k !e.r#& Te"#!"#! #!.#r
9#(# %e!"#! !e.r#& %(e3$. %e!"#! .e"#!"#! <#(# >
V p
? %#! .e"#!"#!
#!.#r# $-$!" .er/!#& %e!"#! .er/!#& !!y# %(e3$. %e!"#! .e"#!"#! &!e >
11
V L
? De!"#! #%#!y# ..k !e.r#& /#k# 3e(#r#! .e"#!"#! 9#(# % $k$r
.erh#%# ..k !e.r#&!y# %#! -$"# /e/3e!.$k ((.e/ .e"#!"#! 4 9#(# y#!" (e/3#!" %e!"#! /#"!.$%e!y# >#k#r 4 %k#& /#"!.$%e %#r .e"#!"#! 9#(#? V L =√ 3 .V P FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF25
Se%#!"k#! #r$( y#!" /e!"#&r #%# .# 9#(#!y# /e/$!y# ! y#!" (#/# L = P
G#/3#r 2 H$3$!"#! Se"."#
P#%# h$3$!"#! (e"."# ke."# 9#(# (#&!" %h$3$!"k#! (eh!""# /e/3e!.$k h$3$!"#! (e"."# 4 9#(# De!"#! .%#k #%#!y# ..k !e.r#&, /#k# 3e(#r!y# .e"#!"#! (#&$r#! % $k$r #!.#r 9#(#, k#re!# .e"#!"#! (#&$r#! %#! .e"#!"#! 9#(# /e/$!y# 3e(#r /#"!.$%e y#!" (#/#, /#k#: V L =V P
12
Te.# #r$( (#&$r#! %#! #r$( 9#(# .%#k (#/# %#! h$3$!"#! #!.#r# ke%$# #r$( .er(e3$. %##. %ero&eh %e!"#! /e!""$!#k#! h$k$/ kr7ho99, (eh!""#: L =√ 3 . P FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF2;
P#%# PLTG' Gre(k "e!er#.or y#!" %"$!#k#! #%#h "e!er#.or (!kro! k$.$3 (&!%r( > non salient pole? %e!"#! %$# 3$#h k$.$3 %#! %-#"# #%# $.#r#! 4000 r/
T#3e& Se(9k#( .ek!( "e!er#.or #%# PLTG' Gre(k
SIEMENS GENERATOR
12+52;
TLR 10=4; 4
50 YY
10500 C 5 154+50 kCA ETERNAL E@ITATION @LASS O< INS'L MAT : < AIR @OOLING
=5 A
LE
S1
@o( B 0= 40 C
==0 A
IM +215
IP
@OOLING AIR: 40 ° @
ROTOR TRANSPORT EIGHT : 4+ M" Sis4e, E&si4$si
−1
C'
STATOR TRANSPORT EIGHT : 1;= M"
2(2
!
11
CDE 0540IE@ 4T+
14
S(.e/ ek(.#( #%#h ((.e/ /e!"#&r!y# #(ok#! &(.rk #r$( (e#r#h (e3#"# e!"$#.#! #%# "e!er#.or &(.rk, (eh!""# /e!"h#(&k#! .e!#"# &(.rk %#! 3e(#r .e"#!"#! ke&$#r#! 3er"#!.$!" #%# 3e(#r!y# #r$( ek(.#( S(.e/ ek(.#( #%# "e!er#.or &(.rk .er%r %#r 2 /#7#/, y#.$: 1 S(.e/ ek(.#( %e!"#! (k#. >brush ? 2 S(.e/ ek(.#( .#!# (k#. >brushless ?
2(2(1 Sis4e, E&si4$si Den.$n Si&$4
S(.e/ ek(.#( /e!""$!#k#! (k#., ($/3er .e!#"# &(.rk 3er#(#& %#r ($/3er &(.rk y#!" 3er#(#& %#r "e!er#.or #r$( (e#r#h >D@? #.#$ "e!er#.or #r$( 3ok 3#&k >A@? y#!" %(e#r#hk#! .er&e3h %#h$&$ %e!"#! /e!""$!#k#! rectifier Jk# /e!""$!#k#! ($/3er &(.rk y#!" 3er#(#& %#r "e!er#.or A@ #.#$ /e!""$!#k#! Permanent Magnet Generator >PMG? /e%#! /#"!e.!y# #%#h /#"!e.
er/#!e! D#/ #!e& e!ye#r#h, .e"#!"#! &(.rk #r$( 3ok 3#&k %$3#h #.#$ % (e#r#hk#! /e!-#% .e"#!"#! #r$( (e#r#h $!.$k /e!"o!.ro& k$/#r#! /e%#! ek(.er $.#/# > main exciter ? '!.$k /e!"#&rk#! #r$( ek(.#( %#r /#! ek(.er ke ro.or "e!er#.or /e!""$!#k#! slip ring %#! (k#. #r#!", %e/k#! -$"# e!y#&$r#! #r$( y#!" 3er#(#& %#r pilot exciter ke main exciter Ke$!.$!"#! /e!""$!#k#! ((.e/ ek(.#( %e!"#! (k#. >brush ? #!.#r# !: ! Me/$!y# re(o! y#!" 7e#. (er!" ke/#/$#! governor turbine!
2 Me/&k 3#.#(#! #r$( ek(.#( y#!" .!""
1
4 S$/3er .e"#!"#! ek(.#( %#/3& !"($!" %#r ke&$#r#! "e!er#.or '!.$k #r$( ek(.#( y#!" /#($k ke ro.or "e!er#.or h#r$( %#.$r (e%e/k#! r$# (eh!""#: 1 Me!/3$&k#! .e"#!"#! (.#.or #%# #k.$ y#!" (!"k#. /e!$-$ (!kro!(#( 2 Me!(.#3&k#! supply %#y# &(.rk M %#! MCAR ke ((.e/ 4 Me!-#"# .e"#!"#! "e!er#.or #"#r .e.# 3er#%# %#/ 3#.#(#! !o/!#& y#!" %-!k#! >5 Te"#!"#! !o/!#& "e!er#.or?
G#/3#r 25( S(.e/ ek(.#( %e!"#! (k#. >"rush ?
2(2
Sis4e, E&si4$si T$n%$ Si&$4
15
Pe!""$!##! (k#. #.#$ (& r!" $!.$k /e!y#&$rk#! #r$( ek(.#( ke ro.or "e!er#.or /e/$!y# ke&e/#h#! k#re!# 3e(#r!y# #r$( y#!" /#/$ %#&rk#! #%# (k#. #r#!" re.9 ke7& '!.$k /e!"#.#( ke.er3#.#(#! (k#. #r#!", #%# "e!er#.or e/3#!"k. /e!""$!#k#! ((.e/ ek(.#( .#!# /e!""$!#k#! (k#. > brushless? Ke$!.$!"#! ((.e/ ek(.#( .#!# /e!""$!#k#! (k#. >brushless ?, #!.#r# ! #%#h: 1 E!er" y#!" %er&$k#! $!.$k ek(.#( %ero&eh %#r oro( $.#/# >main shaft ?, (eh!""# ke#!%#!!y# .!"" 2 )#y# er##.#! 3erk$r#!" k#re!# #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( .#!# (k#. >brushless ? .%#k .er%##. (k#., ko/$.#.or %#! (& r!" 4 P#%# ((.e/ ek(.#( .#!# (k#. >brushless ? .%#k .er-#% ker$(#k#! (o( k#re!# /e&ek#.!y# %e3$ k#r3o! #%# 9#r!(h #k3#. (k#. #r#!" Me!"$r#!" ker$(#k#! >trouble? #k3#. $%#r# 3$r$k >bad atmosphere? (e3#3 (e/$# er#.#! %.e/#.k#! #%# r$#!"
.er.$.$ 5 Se/# oer#( .%#k %er&$k#! e!""#!. (k#., (eh!""# /e!!"k#.k#! ke#!%#! oer#( %##. 3er!"($!" ko!.!$ #%# #k.$ y#!" /# ; Pe/$.$( /e%#! "e!er#.or >Generator field breaker ?, field generator %#! bus exciter #.#$ k#3e& .%#k %er&$k#! "
1;
+ )#y# o!%#( 3erk$r#!", (e3#3 #&r#! $%#r# %#! bus exciter #.#$ k#3e& .%#k /e/er&$k#! o!%#(
G#/3#r 2; S(.e/ ek(.#( .#!# (k#. >"rushless ?
2(2 Sis4e, P'*4e&si E&si4$si
S$#.$ ((.e/ ek(.#( h#r$( (e&$ %&e!"k# %e!"#! ($#.$ ((.e/ ro.ek(, h#& ! 3er.$-$#! $!.$k (#r#!# e!"#/#! ((.e/ ek(.#( 3 .er-#% "#!""$#! y#!" %##. /e!ye3#3k#! ker$(#k#! ((.e/ ek(.#( (eh!""# 3(# /e/!/#&(r ker$(#k#! #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( %#! ((.e/*((.e/ !!y# y#!" 3erh$3$!"#! %e!"#! ((.e/ ek(.#(
1+
D#/
e!"oer#(#! ((.e/ ek(.#( -$"# er&$ %erh#.k#!
"#!""$#!*"#!""$#! y#!" %##. /e!ye3#3k#! #r/ %#! .r #%# ((.e/ #k(.#( S!y#&*(!y#& y#!" /e!ye3#3k#! #r/ %#! .r #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( #!.#r# !: 1
Tr#!(9or/#.or ek(.#( o8er he#.!" G#!""$#! ! 3(# %(e3#3k#! k#re!# ((.e/ e!%!"! #%# .r#!(9or/#.or ek(.#( .%#k 3eker-# (e7#r# !or/#& Se! .$ -$"# 3(# .er-#% k#re!# .r#!(9or/#.or ek(.#( /e!"#/ o8er&o#% %#! .er-#%!y# h$3$!" (!"k#. #!.#r 3e&.#! H#& ! /e!"#k3#.k#! ro(e( 7#.$ %#y# ((.e/ ek(.#( 3er/#(#h (eh!""# #&r#! ek(.#( ke ro.or "e!er#.or /e!-#% .%#k !or/#&
2
Se!(or .e"#!"#! #%# CT "e!er#.or /e!"#/ "#!""$#! G#!""$#! ! /e!"#k3#.k#! ro(e( /o!.or!" .e"#!"#! %#! ro.ek( #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( /e!"#/ k#k#7#$#! H#& ! (#!"#. 3er3#h#y# 3#" "e!er#.or k#re!# -k# ro.ek( /e!-#% .%#k !or/#& /#k# #%# (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! #%# "e!er#.or, ((.e/ ro.ek( "e!er#.or .%#k %##. 3eker-# (e7#r# !or/#&
4
G#!""$#! A@ overvoltage G#!""$#! ! /e!"#k3#.#k#! ke.%#k!or/#! supply #r$( ek(.#(
#%#
ro.or
"e!er#.or
K#re!#
($&y
.e"#!"#!
y#!"
%(e#r#hk#! /e&e3h 3#.#(#! !or/#& /#k# #r$( ek(.#( y#!" %h#(&k#! /e!-#% .%#k !or/#& -$"#
1=
#!
Rotor overvoltage
G#!""$#! ! .er-#% k#re!# .er-#%!y# ke!#k#! .e"#!"#! ek(.#( #%# ro.or "e!er#.or, ek(.#( y#!" &e3h #%# "e!er#.or %##. /e!#kk#! .e/er#.$r #%# 3e&.#! (.#.or #k3#. #r$( y#!" 3e(#r (eh!""# %##. /er$(#k 3e&.#! ro.or 5
M@) .r M@) .r /e!"#k3#.k#! .er$.$(!y# 7#.$ %#y# #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( "e!er#.or
;
$hyrstor 9$(e $.$(
G#!""$#! ! /e!ye3#3k#! .er$.$(!y# 7#.$ %#y# /e!$-$ thyrstor (eh!""#
/e!ye3#3k#!
.%#k
#%#!y#
.e"#!"#!
y#!"
%(e#r#hk#!
+
Fan thyrstor 3er/#(#h >(e!(or air flo% 3eker-#?
S##. .e/er#.$re,
3eroer#( $!.$k
thyrstor
/e!"o!.ro&
#k#!
.e/er#.$re
/e!"#/ #%#
ke!#k#!
thyrstor (##.
3eroer#( %"$!#k#! 9#! Jk# .er-#% /#(#h #%# 9#! /#k# .e/er#.$re #%# thyrstor #k#! .er$( !#k (eh!""# .er-#% o8er he#.!", h#& ! %##. /e!ye3#3k#! ke.%#k !or/#! #%# thyrstor (eh!""# #r$( ek(.#( y#!" %#&rk#! #%# ro.or #k#! /e!-#% .%#k !or/#&
1
=
Limiter ACR .er7## Limiter ACR .er7## /e!"#k3#.k#! .r #%# ((.e/ ek(.#(
(eh!""# #&r#! #r$( ek(.#( #%# ro.or "e!er#.or /e!-#% .er$.$(
ACR /e!"#/ "#!""$#! Jk# .er-#% "#!""$#! #%# ((.e/ ACR /e!ye3#3k#! ro(e( ko!.ro& #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( /e!-#% .er"#!""$ (eh!""# #&r#! #r$( ek(.#( #%# ro.or "e!er#.or /e!-#% .%#k !or/#& %#! %##. -$"# /e!"#k3#.k#! "e!er#.or keh!"#! /e%#! e!"$#.
10
Field breaker /e!"#/ "#!""$#!
Jk#
field
breaker /e!"#/
"#!""$#!
/e!ye3#3k#!
.er$$.$(!y# #&r#! #r$( ek(.#( #%# "e!er#.or %#! /e!"#k3#.k#! "e!er#.or keh!"#! /e%#! e!"$#.
!
Ground Fault
G#!""$#! ground fault .er-#% k#re!# h$3$!" (!"k#. #!.#r# r#!"k##! ((.e/ ek(.#( %e!"#! 3o% #!e& ek(.#( H#& ! 3(# .er-#% k#re!# ke"#"#! (o( #%# ko!%$k.or
D#/ e!er##! %#!"#! $!.$k /e/ro.ek( ((.e/ ek(.#( %#r "#!""$#!*"#!""$#!, ((.e/ ek(.#( %&e!"k# %e!"#! ((.e/ ro.ek(
20
G#/3#r 2= /er$#k#! ((.e/ ro.ek( ek(.#( "e!er#.or #%# PLTG' Gre(k
G#/3#r 2+ S(.e/ Pro.ek( Pe!"$#. Ge!er#.or #%# PLTG' Gre(k Ke.er#!"#! G#/3#r: @JN
: S(.e/ Ek(.#(
<1;
: Tr!" M#.rk
PT
: Po.e!(#& Tr#!(9or/er
52G
: Ge!er#.or @r7$. )re#ker
0G
& Loss Of Field Protection relay
MK@
: Tr#9o Ek(.#(
G
: Ge!er#.or
@T
: @$rre!. Tr#!(9or/er
1E
: @r7$. )re#ker Ek(.#(
21
D#r "#/3#r 2+ %#.#( #%# 2 /#($k#! y#!" /e!"r/ (!y#& .r ke .r!" /#.rk y#.$ %#r !.er!#& ((.e/ ek(.#( %#! Loss of field protection relay >0G? H#& ! /e!$!-$k#! 3#h# ((.e/ ro.ek( e!"$#. "e!er#.or
#%# 2 /#7#/, y#.$:
1 Pro.ek( excitation faiure #.#$ ke"#"#! ek(.#( 2 Loss Of field Protection #.#$ ro.ek( keh!"#! /e%#! e!"$#.
2(8(1 P'*4e&si Excitation Failure $4$u Ke.$.$l$n E&si4$si
S(.e/ ro.ek( excitation Failure ! /er$#k#! ro.ek( ek(.#( y#!" /e!"#/#!k#! er#.#! %#r "#!""$#! !.er!#& ((.e/ ek(.#( .$ (e!%r G#/3#r 2= /er$#k#! &o"7 %#"r#/ excitation Failure P#%# PLTG' Gre(k
22
G#/3#r 2= Logic excitation Failure! '!(!' Loss Of field Protection atau Kehil$n.$n Me$n Pen.u$4
24
G#!""$#! h!" e!"$#. "e!er#.or #%#h ko!%( #3!or/#& oer#( ((.e/ .e!#"# %/#!# "e!er#.or .%#k /e!%##.k#! ($ #r$( %7 (e3#"# #r$( ek(.#( #"#r %h#(&k#! .e"#!"#! ke&$#r#! #%# .er/!#& (.#.or Ke"#"#! %#/ ((.e/ ek(.#( ! %##. %(e3#3k#! o&eh : 1 )re#ker /e%#! /e!"#/ .r 2 H$3$!" 3$k# 3e&.#! /e%#! 4 H$3$!" (!"k#. 3e&.#! /e%#! >er7k#! # #%# (& r!"? Ke"#"#! #%# ((.e/ )utomatic *oltage Regulator >ACR? 5 H!"!y# ($ %#y# ke ((.e/ ek(.#( Ak3#. %#r "#!""$#! ! #%#h ko&!" /#"!e.k >magnetic coupling ? #!.#r# ro.or %#! (.#.or /e&e/#h, (eh!""# $.#r#! ro.or
3er.#/3#h 7e#. (eh!""# 3(# .er-#% keh!"#! ke(ere/#k#! >loss of synchronism? %#! /e!"#k3#.k#! "e!er#.or 3eker-# (e3#"# "e!er#.or !%$k(, y#!" #k#! /e!ye3#3k#! : 1 Ter-#%!y# e!"#/3! %#y# re#k.9 %#r ((.e/ o&eh "e!er#.or $!.$k %"$!#k#! (e3#"# ek(.#( )e(#r!y# %#y# re#k.9 y#!" %#/3& ! 3erk(#r #!.#r# 2 – k#& r#.!" "e!er#.or y#!" %##. /e!/3$&k#! ke.%#k(.#3! #%# ((.e/ 2 N#k!y# .e/er#.$r ro.or y#!" %(e3#3k#! k#re!# e!"#&r#! #r$( !%$k( y#!" 3e(#r, (eh!""# /e!ye3#3k#! er$3#h#! (9#. /ek#!( er#.#!*er#.#! #%# ro.or 4 Pe!$r$!#! .e"#!"#! .er/!#& "e!er#.or %e!"#! 7e#. >±10 * 15 %e.k?, .er$.#/# #%# "e!er#.or .#!# ACR Ke!#k#! .e/er#.$r #%# (.#.or #k3#. !#k!y# #r$( (.#.or >± 2 –
n
?
2
P#%# (##. "e!er#.or /e!"#/ h$3$!" (!"k#. (e7#r# .3#* .3#, /#k# $!.$k (e(##. $.#r#! "e!er#.or #k#! /e!"#/ er$3#h#! Per$3#h#! $.#r#! "e!er#.or y#!" 3er#r. er$3#h#! (& $.#r#! "e!er#.or .erh#%# ((.e/ #k#! /e!"#k3#.k#! er$3#h#! $ #%# ! /e%#!( "e!er#.or Per$3#h#! ! /e%#!( "e!er#.or ! .er"#!.$!" #%# ! (& y#!" .er-#% (eer. .er&h#. #%# .#3e& %3##h ! T$el I,%e$nsi .ene'$4*' 4e'h$$% sli%
S& >?
Re#k.#!( Ge!er#.or
0
%
00;5
0= %
01 044
0+ % 2 %
50
%
100
%
'!.$k ! (& !!y#, ! /e%#!( "e!er#.or %%##.k#! %#r !.ero( %#.# y#!" #%# '!.$k #!#&(# "#!""$#! h!" e!"$#. "e!er#.or %"$!#k#! er$/$(#! ko!%( er$3#h#! .e"#!"#! %#! #r$( "e!er#.or (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! h!" e!"$#. "e!er#.or (e3#"# 3erk$. : 1 G#!""$#! h!" e!"$#. 3er$# e!$r$!#! GGL "e!er#.or .#!# %(er.# %e!"#! .er-#%!y# (& #%# ro.or "e!er#.or
25
2 G#!""$#! h!" e!"$#. 3er$# e!$r$!#! GGL "e!er#.or %(er.# %e!"#! .er-#%!y# (& #%# ro.or "e!er#.or 2(8(2(1(
G$n..u$n Hil$n. T$n%$ Dise'4$i A$n7$ Sli% P$$ R*4*'
P#%# "#!""$#! h!" e!"$#. ko!%( .#!# (&, /#k#
.e"#!"#!
GGL
"e!er#.or
#k#!
/e!"#/
e!$r$!#! %#r ko!%( !or/#&!y# %#! $.#r#! "e!er#.or /#(h (!kro! #.#$ .%#k .er-#% (& #.#$ ! (& #%#h 0 Se($# .#3e& /e%#!( "e!er#.or .erh#%# (& %#.#(,
/#k# ! /e%#!( "e!er#.or >
%e!"#! re#k.#!( (!kro!!y# >
$ d
" #
? #%#h (#/#
?
"#/3#r 42, 3e!.$k &!.#(#! /e%#!( "e!er#.or (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! 3er$# &!"k#r#! y#!" &!er H#& ! %k#re!#k#!
er$/$(#!
"#!""$#!
y#!"
%"$!#k#!
/e!"#!""# e!$r$!#! #r$( ek(.#( y#!" .er-#% #%#h &!er L!.#(#! /e%#!( #k#! 3er#khr % ..k y#!" !!y# (#/# %e!"#! re#k.#!( (!kro! ($/3$ %re7.
"e!er#.or >
$ d
? L!.#(#! /e%#!( "e!er#.or y#!"
%&h#. rey (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! .eh /e/#($k %#er#h ker-# rey De!"#! %e/k#! rey #k#! /e!"#/ .r %#! /e/(#hk#! "e!er#.or %#r ((.e/
2;
2(8(2(2(
G$n..u$n Dise'4$i Den.$n A$n7$ Sli% P$$ R*4*' Gene'$4*'
Pe!$r$!#! #r$( ek(.#( y#!" /e!"#k3#.k#! .er-#%!y# (& 3#r$ #k#! .er-#% -k# e!$r$!#! #r$( ek(.#( .%#k %##. %#.#( o&eh e/3#.#( #r$( ek(.#( k$r#!" >+nder Exciter Limiter B 'EL? %#! 3#.#( (.#3&.#( #%#
ke#%##!
"e!er#.or >
" #
/#!.#
%/#$
N
/e%#!(
? #k#! /e!"#/ er$3#h#! %e!"#! !
(e($# .#3e& /e%#!( "e!er#.or .erh#%# (& %#.#( D#r
"#/3#r
44
.er&h#.
&!.#(#!
/e%#!(
"e!er#.or (##. /e!"#/ "#!""$#! h!" e!"$#. 3er$# &!"k#r#! y#!" 3erhe!. %($/3$ !e"#.9 S##. .er-#% "#!""$#! /#k# &!.#(#! /e%#!(!y# &e3h ke7& -k# %3#!%!"k#! %e!"#! (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! .#!# %(er.# (& %#! /e/#($k %#er#h ker-# rey H#& ! k#re!#
(##.
.er-#%
"#!""$#!,
/#k#
#k#!
.er-#%
er$3#h#! ($%$. ro.or "e!er#.or .erh#%# ((.e/ y#!" !!y# .er"#!.$!" #%# 3e(#r (& y#!" .er-#%, %e!"#! #%#!y# er$3#h#! ($%$. ro.or /#k# #k#! 3ere!"#r$h .erh#%# ! #r$( "e!er#.or (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! L!.#(#! /e%#!( ke/$%#! 3erhe!. #%# ! %#!.#r#
re#k.#!( (!kro! ($/3$ %re7. "e!er#.or >
$ d
? %#!
2+
re#k.#!( .r#!(e! ($/3$ %re7. "e!er#.or >
$ % d / 2
?
L!.#(#! /e%#!( "e!er#.or y#!" %&h#. rey (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! .eh /e/#($k %#er#h ker-# rey De!"#!
%e/k#!
rey
#k#!
/e!"#/
.r
%#!
/e/(#hk#! "e!er#.or %#r ((.e/ '!.$k ke%$# ko!%( 2421 %#! 2422 % #.#(, er$3#h#! /e%#!( (e3#"# #k3#. %#r 3erk$r#!"!y# #r$( ek(.#( "e!er#.or %ero&eh %e!"#! /e!"#!""# er$3#h#! #r$( ek(.#( &!er %#! ! (& y#!" .e.# K#r#k.er(.k /e%#!( #%# .er/!#& ke&$#r#! "e!er#.or %#/ %#"r#/ R* #%# (##. .er-#% h!" e!"$#. #%# 3er3#"# .!"k#. 3e3#! >100, 50 %#! 40? %.$!-$kk#! (eer. #%# "#/3#r 210 :
G#/3#r 2 K#r#k.er(.k /e%#!( h!" e!"$#. "e!er#.or
2=
>1? ke&$#r#! >2? ke&$#r#! >4? ke&$#r#! 2(8(2(8(
B 100 , B 50 , B 40
Rel$7 P'*4e&si Hil$n. Pen.u$4 Gene'$4*'
'!.$k /e/3erk#! ro.ek( .erh#%# "e!er#.or %#r "#!""$#! h!" e!"$#. "e!er#.or, %##. %"$!#k#! rey #r$( k$r#!" > under current relay ? #.#$ rey -#r#k >distance relay ? %#/ h#& ! Mho rey R#!"k##! y#!" %"$!#k#! %er&h#.k#! (eer. "#/3#r 210 %#! 211 3erk$.
2
G#/3#r 210 Pro.ek( h!" e!"$#. "e!er#.or /e!""$!#k#! rey #r$( k$r#!"
G#/3#r 211 Pro.ek( .erh#%# "#!""$#! h!" e!"$#. "e!er#.or /e!""$!#k#! rey Mho
40
BAB III KEGAGALAN SISTEM EKSITASI
P#%# (e/$# ((.e/ ke&(.rk#! #(. er!#h .er-#% (e3$#h "#!""$#! y#!" /e!"#k3#.k#! /e!$r$!!y# keh#!%#! ((.e/ #.#$ 3#hk#! /e!ye3#3k#! ke"#"#! ((.e/ .er(e3$. G#!""$#! /er$#k#! h#& y#!" .%#k 3(# %re%k( %#.#!"!y# %#! %3#"#! ((.e/ /#!# "#!""$#! .$ .er-#% G#!""$#! y#!" .er-#% /e!"#k3#.k#! .er-#%!y# .r $!. e/3#!"k. (eh!""# #(ok#! &(.rk ke ((.e/ 3erk$r#!" H#& ! .e!.$!y# (#!"#. /er$"k#! 3#" ($#.$ $!. e/3#!"k. k#re!# $!. e/3#!"k. %.$!.$. h#!%#& $!.$k /e!y$ ke3$.$h#! &(.rk %#/ ((.e/ D#/ ko!%( $!. e/3#!"k. (eer. ! /#k# keh#!%#! %#r e/3#!"k. .er(e3$. #(. 3erk$r#!" De!"#! ke#%##! $!. e/3#!"k. (eer. ! 3(# /e!"$r#!" %#y# -$#& $!. e/3#!"k. (eh!""# %#/ ro(e( 3(!( $!. e/3#!"k. #k#! (#!"#. /er$"k#! '!.$k /e/!/#&k#! .er-#%!y# ke"#"#! #%# ((.e/ er&$ %k$k#! ($#.$ e/e&h#r##! y#!" %k$k#! r$.! %#! e/e&h#r##! #%# (##. .er-#% "#!""$#!
8(1
Pen.e'4i$n U,u, Pe,elih$'$$n
Pe/e&h#r##! #%#h ($#.$ ke"#.#! y#!" %k(#!#k#! $!.$k /e/er.#h#!k#! ko!%( er#.#! #"#r .e.# %#/ ko!%( 3#k, %e!"#! %e/k#! %h#r#k#! /e!"h#(&k#! ($#.$ output (e($# %e!"#! (.#!%#r y#!" %.e.#k#!
41
Me!$r$. Dh&&o! >1=5?, Pe/e&h#r##! #%#h ($#.$ ko/3!#( %#r 3er3#"# .!%#k#! y#!" %k$k#! $!.$k /e!-#"# ($#.$ 3#r#!", #.#$ /e/er3#k ($#.$ ko!%( y#!" 3(# %.er/# Se%#!"k#! /e!$r$. "ritish ,tandard -nstitute >)S 4=11,1+? Pe/e&h#r##! #%#h ko/3!#( %#r
3e3er## .!%#k#! y#!" %.$-$k#! $!.$k /e/er.#h#!k#! k!er-# 9#(&.#( #.#$ /e(! D#r %e9!( %#.#(, %##. %.#rk ke(/$! 3#h# e/e&h#r##! /e/$!y#
k#.#!
y#!"
er#.
%e!"#!
.!%#k#!
e!7e"#h#!
%#!
e/3#h#r$#! D#/ e/e&h#r##!, .!%#k#!*.!%#k#! y#!" %##. %k$k#! #!.#r# ! : 1 Pe/erk(##!, y#.$ .!%#k#! y#!" %.$-$k#! .erh#%# ((.e/ $!.$k /e!"e.#h$ ##k#h ((.e/ /#(h 3er#%# %#/ ke#%##! y#!" /e/e!$h er(y#r#.#! y#!" %!"!k#! 2 Pe!""#!.#! Ko/o!e!, y#.$ .!%#k#! e!""#!.#! ko/o!e! ((.e/ y#!" ($%#h .%#k 3er9$!"( %/#!# .!%#k#! e!""#!.#! ko/o!e! ((.e/ %k$k#! %##. 3er(9#. .ere!7#!# %#! .%#k .ere!7#!# 4 Re#r %#! o8erh#$&, y#.$ /ek$k#! e/erk(##! (e7#r# 7er/#. (er.# /ek$k#! er3#k#! %/#!# %k$k#! (e.*$ $!" Pe!""#!.#! ((.e/, y#.$ .!%#k#! y#!" %#/3& ##3 .!%#k#!* .!%#k#! y#!" ! ($%#h .%#k /e/$!"k!k#! "
8(1(1 un.si $n Tu6u$n Pe,elih$'$$n
<$!"( e/e&h#r##! #%#h /e/er3#k /e(! #.#$ er#.#! >E.uipment ? y#!" r$(#k %#! /e!-#"# #"#r (e&$ %#/ ko!%( (# %oer#(k#!
42
Me!$r$. P#.!er >15?, e/e&h#r##! #%#h /e&$. (e&$r$h ke"#.#! y#!" %#/3& $!.$k /e!-#"# ko!%( /e(! y#!" 3(# %.er/# Pe/e&h#r##! /e/$!y# .$-$#! $.#/# (e3#"# 3erk$. : 1 '!.$k /e/er#!-#!" $(# ke"$!##! #(e. /e(! ro%$k( y#!" #%# % #3rk >y#.$ (e.# 3#"#! %#r ($#.$ .e/#. ker-#, 3#!"$!#! %#! (!y#? 2 Ke/#/$#! ro%$k( %##. /e/e!$h ke3$.$h#! (e($# %e!"#! re!7#!# ro%$k( 4 Me!-#"# k$#&.#( #%# .!"k#. y#!" .e#. $!.$k /e/e!$h ## y#!" %3$.$hk#! o&eh ro%$k( .$ (e!%r %#! ke"#.#! ro%$k( .%#k .er"#!""$ '!.$k /e/3#!.$ e!"$r#!"#! e/#k##! %#! e!y/#!#! %&$#r 3#.#( %#! /e!-#"# /o%#& y#!" %!8e(.#(k#! %#/ er$(#h##! (e/# #k.$ y#!" %.e.#k#! (e($# %e!"#! ke3-#k(#!##! er$(#h##! /e!"e!# !8e(.#( .er(e3$. 5 '!.$k /e!7## .!"k#. 3#y# e/e&h#r##! (ere!%#h /$!"k!, %e!"#! /ek(#!#k#! ke"#.#! e/e&h#r##! (e7#r# e9ek.9 %#! e9(e! ; Me!"h!%#r ke"#.#! e/e&h#r##! y#!" %##. /e/3#h#y#k#! ke(e/#.#! ker-# + Me!"#%#k#! ker-#(#/# y#!" er#. %#r er$(#h##! %e!"#! 9$!"(*9$!"( $.#/# y#!" ! %#r er$(#h##! %#! %#/ r#!"k# /e!7## .$-$#! $.#/# er$(#h##! .er(e3$. y#.$ /e/ero&eh ke$!.$!"#! y#!" (e3#!y#k /$!"k! %e!"#! .o.#& 3#y# y#!" re!%#h
44
)#"#! e/e&h#r##! 3erk#.#! er#. %e!"#! ro(e( ro%$k( k#re!#
ke"#"#!
ke"#.#!
e/e&h#r##!
(#!"#.
/e!""#!""$
ke!7#r#! ro(e( ro%$k( De!"#! #%#!y# ke"#.#! e/e&h#r##! y#!"
3#k %#!
e9ek.9,
#k#! /e!7e"#h ./3$&!y#
ker$(#k#!
>breakdo%n? #%# #k.$ y#!" .eh %erkr#k#! .er&e3h %#h$&$
8(1(2 Jenis-Jenis Pe,elih$'$$n
Ak.8.#( e/e&h#r##! ($#.$ 9#(&.#( #.#$ /e(! ro%$k( y#!" %k$k#! %##. %3e%#k#! /e!-#% %$# y#.$ : 1
Pe/e&h#r##! T%#k Tere!7#!# >+nplanned Maintenance? Mer$#k#! e/e&h#r##! y#!" .%#k %re!7#!#k#! .er&e3h %#h$&$, %(e3#3k#! er#.#! %#! 9#(&.#( ro%$k( .%#k /e/&k re!7#!# (er.# -#%#& e/e&h#r##! Ke"#.#! e/e&h#r##! ! %(e3$. -$"# e/e&h#r##! %#r$r#. >breakdo%n maintenance #.#$ emergency
maintenance?
y#!"
%%e9!(k#!
(e3#"#
e/e&h#r##! y#!" er&$ %k(#!#k#! .!%#k#! $!.$k /e!7e"#h #k3#. y#!" 9#.#& (eer. : ker$(#k#! 3e(#r #%# er#.#!, h!"!y# ro%$k( %#! ke(e/#.#! ker-#
2
Pe/e&h#r##! Tere!7#!# >Planned Maintenance? Mer$#k#! ke"#.#! e/e&h#r##! y#!" /e!"#7$ #%# re!7#!#
4
y#!"
.eh
%($($!
%#!
%k(#!#k#!
(er.#
%%ok$/e!.#(k#! Pe/e&h#r##! ! .er3#" 2 y#.$ : Pe/e&h#r##! Pe!7e"#h#! >Preventive maintenance? Ke"#.#!
e/e&h#r##!
$!.$k
/e!7e"#h
./3$&!y#
ker$(#k#!*ker$(#k#! .%#k .er%$"# %#! /e!e/$k#! ko!%( #.#$
4
ke#%##!
y#!"
ker$(#k#!
/e!ye3#3k#!
#%#
#k.$
9#(&.#(
ro(e(
ro%$k(
ro%$k(
/e!"#/
%#!
/e!7e"#h
/e!$r$!!y# 9$!"( er#.#! %#! 9#(&.#( Pe/e&h#r##! ! %3#" 2, y#.$: #? Pe/e&h#r##! r$.! Pe/e&h#r##! r$.! #%#h ke"#.#! e/e&h#r##! y#!" %k$k#! (e7#r# r$.! (e.# h#r y#.$ %e!"#! e/3er(h#! er#.#!, e&$/#(#!, %e!.9k#( o&, %e!.9k#( 3#h#! 3#k#r 3? Pe/e&h#r##! ero%k Pe/e&h#r##! ero%k #%#h ke"#.#! e/e&h#r##! y#!" %k$k#! (e7#r# ero%k #.#$ -#!"k# #k.$ .er.e!.$ (eer. /e/erk(# ko/o!e!*ko/o!e! er#.#!
Pe/e&h#r##! Per3#k#! >/orrective Maintenance? Pe/e&h#r##!
Per3#k#!
>/orrective
Maintenance?
/er$#k#! .!%#k#! er##.#! $!.$k /e!"e/3#&k#! 9$!"( (e3$#h er#.#! ro%$k( y#!" /e!"#/ ker$(#k#!, 3#k r!"#!, (e%#!" /#$$! #r#h, #"#r 3(# /ek$k#! 9$!"(!y# %#/ /e!%$k$!" ro(e( ro%$k( %#/ (e3$#h !. #.#$ #3rk @M -$"# #%# y#!" /e!ye3$.!y# %e!"#! (.h repair #.#$ service! 8(1(8 P'*seu' D$l$, Pel$&s$n$$n Pe,elih$'$$n
45
D#/ (e.# ke"#.#! .%#k %##. .er&e#( %#r ro(e%$r $!.$k /ek$k#! ke"#.#! .er(e3$. ro(e%$r y#!" h#r$( %k$k#! %#/ ke"#.#! e/e&h#r##! #!.#r# ! :
1
I!(ek( Ke"#.#! ! /e&$. ke"#.#! e/erk(##! (e7#r# 3erk# $!.$k (e/$# er#.#! y#!" %/&k (e($# %e!"#! re!7#!# 3e(er.#
ke"#.#!
/e!"#/
e!"e7ekk#!
ker$(#k#!
%#!
.erh#%#
/e/3$#.
er#.#!
or#!
%#r
y#!" h#(&
e!"e7ekk#! .er(e3$. A%#$! /#k($% %#r ke"#.#! ! #%#h $!.$k /e!"e.#h$ ko!%( er#.#! y#!" %/&k er$(#h##!, k#re!# er#.#! %#/ ko!%( 3#k #k#! /e/er!7#r ro(e( ro%$k(
L#or#!*or#!
!(ek(
3er"$!#
3#"
3#"#!
e/e&h#r##! $!.$k /e!"#%#k#! er3#k#! y#!" .e#. #%# (#(#r#!, (e! .$ 3er"$!# 3#" e!"#/3& ke$.$(#! $!.$k /e/$.$(k#! #!.#r# /e!""#!. #.#$ /e/er3#k /e(! #.#$ er#.#! y#!" r$(#k
2
Ke"#.#! Tek!k Ke"#.#! ! /e&$. ke"#.#! er7o3##! er#.#! 3#r$, %#! e!"e/3#!"#! er#.#! #.#$ ko/o!e! er#.#! y#!" 3#r$ %"#!., (er.# /ek$k#! e!e&.#! .erh#%# ke/$!"k!#! e!"e/3#!"#!!y# D#/ ke"#.#! ! %er&$k#! ke/#/$#! $!.$k /ek$k#! er$3#h#! /#$$! er3#k#! 3#" ke/#-$#! er#.#! #3rk .er(e3$.
4;
4
Ke"#.#! Pro%$k( Ke"#.#! ro%$k( /er$#k#! ke"#.#! e/e&h#r##! y#!" (e3e!#r!y#, y#.$ /e/er3#k /e(! %#! er#.#! Mek(#!#k#! ke"#.#! y#!" %(#r#!k#! %#/ ke"#.#! !(ek( %#! .ek!k A%#$! /#k($% %#r ke"#.#! ! #%#h #"#r ke"#.#! ro(e( ro%$k( %##. 3er-#! %e!"#! !7#r ke/3#&, %er&$k#! ($#.$ $(#h# er3#k#! (e"er# -k# .er%##. ker$(#k#! #%# er#.#!
Peker-##! A%/!(.r#( Peker-##! #%/!(.r#( /er$#k#! ke"#.#! y#!" /e&$. e!7#.#.#! 3#y# e!"e&$#r#! $!.$k ke"#.#! e/e&h#r##!, ke3$.$h#! ko/o!e!, or#! ke"#.#! y#!" .eh %ker-#k#!, #k.$ !(ek( %#! er3#k#!, /#!y# er3#k#! %k$k#! %#! -$/h ko/o!e! y#!" .er(e%# %3#"#! e/e&h#r##! J#% %#/
ke"#.#!
e!7#.#.#!
!
.er/#($k
e!y$($!#!
ere!7#!##! %#! -#%#& y#.$ re!7#!# #k.$ ($#.$ /e(! h#r$( %erk(#, %(er8( %#! %re#r#(
8(2
$&4*' Pen7e$ Ke.$.$l$n Sis4e, E&si4$si
Ke"#"#! ((.e/ ek(.#( %##. %(e3#3k#! k#re!# 3e3er## 9#k.or, 9#k.or .er(e3$. #!.#r# !: 1
<#k.or M#!$(#
4+
<#k.or ! .er$.#/# /e!y#!"k$. ke(#h#! #.#$ ke#! %#/ /e/3erk#!
erk$#!
#%#
((.e/
ek(.#(
M(#&!y#
/e!y#/3$!" r#!"k##!, ke&r$ %#/ /e!"k#&3r#(
(#h
($#.$ r#!.
e!"#/#!, k$r#!" ke!7#!" %#/ /ek$k#! ko!ek( r#!"k##! %#! (e3#"#!y#
2
<#k.or I!.er!#&
<#k.or ! /e!y#!"k$. "#!""$#!*"#!""$#! y#!" 3er#(#& %#r ((.e/ ek(.#( .$ (e!%r M(#&!y# $(# #k# 0life time1, ke#$(#!, %#! (e3#"#!y# H#& ! 3(# (#!"#. 3ere!"#r$h k#re!# %##. /e!"$r#!" (e!(.9.#( re %#! -$"# /e!"$r#!" %#y# (o( er#.#! &(.rk !!y# 4
<#k.or Ek(.er!#&
<#k.or ! /e&$. "#!""$#!*"#!""$#! y#!" 3er#(#& %#r &!"k$!"#! % (ek.#r ((.e/ ek(.#( M(#&!y# 7$#7#, "e/# 3$/, .e/er#.$re &!"k$!"#! y#!" 3er$3#h*$3#h
8(8
P'insi% Ke'6$ P'*4e&si Sis4e, e&si4$si D#/ ro(e( e!#!"#!#! "#!""$#! y#!" .er-#% k.# h#r$(
/e!"e.#h$ r!( ker-# %#r Pro.ek( ((.e/ ek(.#( y#!" .er#(#!" #%# ((.e/, %e!"#! 3e".$ 3(# /e!-#% &e3h /$%#h %#/ /e!#!"#! "#!""$#! y#!" .er-#% )erk$. ! /er$#k#! r!( ker-# ro.ek( #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( 8(8(1 P'insi% Ke'6$ P'*4e&si Eksitasi Failure
4=
D#/ G#/3#r 2 #%# )#3 2 (!y#& y#!" /e!"r/ excitation failure 3er#(#& %#r 3#!y#k !$.#! (eer. y#!" .er.er#
#%# "#/3#r M(#& .er-#% ($#.$ "#!""$#! y#!" .er/#($k %#/ &o"7 /#k# #k#! /e!"r/ (!y#& ke PL@ D#/ PL@ (!y#& .er(e3$. %oh %#! (e!-$.!y# %"$!#k#! $!.$k /e!"er-#k#! (#h (#.$ rey y#!" (e!-$.!y# #k#! /e!"r/k#! (!y#& .r ke #!e& ro.ek( "e!er#.or P#%# PL@ (!y#&*(!y#& .er(e3$. 3er&o"7 OR (eh!""# -k# .er-#% (#h (#.$ "#!""$#! %#/ !$.#! excitation failure /#k# #k#! !"($!" /e!"er-#k#! rey %#! /e!"r/k#! (!y#& .r ke #!e& ro.ek( Se! %#r (!y#& y#!" 3er#(#& %#r !$.#! PL@, excitation failure -$"# 3(# 3er#(#& %#r ke"#"#! po%er supply control ((.e/ ek(.#(
3.3.2 P'insi% Ke'6$ Loss Of Field Protection Relay /Mho Relay
Pr!( /ho rey #%#h /e!%e.ek( "#!""$#! 3er%#(#rk#! 3e(#r#! #%/.#!( y#!" .er$k$r Jk# #%/.#!( .er$k$r >IC? /e&e3h 3#.#( (e..!" /#k# rey /e!%e.ek( #%#!y# "#!""$#! Je!( /ho rey y#!" %"$!#k#! #%# ro.ek( h!" ek(.#( #%#h -e!( o99(e. /ho rey %e!"#! k#r#k.er(.k 3er%#(#rk#! %#"r#/ R* 3erk$. :
4
G#/3#r 41 D#"r#/ k#r#k.er(.k o99(e. /ho rey Rey h#!y# 3o&eh 3eroer#( #%# (##. "#!""$#! h!" ek(.#( Pe/3er#! (9#. o99(e. #%# rey 3er.$-$#! /e/3erk#! (e&ek.8.#( (e!(.8.#( ro.ek( h!" ek(.#( .erh#%# ko!%( #3!or/#& ! y#!" (9#.!y# (e/e!.#r# (eer. #y$!#! %#y# > po%er s%ing ? P#%# (##. .er-#% po%er s%ing o99(e. /ho rey .%#k 3o&eh /e!%e.ek( (e3#"#
"#!""$#! h!" ek(.#(
Per./3#!"#! 3e(#r
o99(e.
3er%#(#rk#! ke/$!"k!#! ! &ok$( /e%#!( .er3e(#r (e3e&$/ ek(.#( h!" y#.$ (e3#!%!" %e!"#! ! re#k.#!( ($3.r#!(e!. r#.#*r#.# >%2? O99(e. /ho rey e&ek.ro/ek#!( /e/3$.$hk#! %$# /#7#/ (e..!" y#.$ (e..!" o99(e. .# %#! (e..!" %#/e.er &!"k#r#!
0
G#/3#r 42 Re(o! Ge!er#.or (##. "#!""$#! .#!# (&
G#/3#r 44 Re(o! Ge!er#.or (##. "#!""$#! %(er.# (& 8(9
Pe',$s$l$h$n Sis4e, e&si4$si i PLTGU G'esi&
P#%# PLTG' Gre(k .e#.!y# % G#( T$r3!e 24 er!#h .er-#% "#!""$#! #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( y#!" /e!ye3#3k#! $!. .er(e3$. .r Se.eh
1
%k$k#! %e!.9k#( o&eh h#k e/e&h#r##! &(.rk .%#k %.e/$k#! ($#.$ !%k#( "#!""$#! #%# #!e& ek(.#( P#%# #!e& ek(.#( .er%##. (e3$#h PL@ y#!" 3erer#! (e3#"# se.uncer %#! -$"# (e3#"# !%k#.or -k# .er-#% ($#.$ "#!""$#! #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( Se.eh %k$k#! %e!.9k#( #%# PL@ ((.e/ ek(.#( .%#k %.e/$k#! #%#!y# ($#.$ !%k#( "#!""$#! (eh!""# h#!y# %k$k#! e/e&h#r##! %e!"#! /ek$k#! cleaning #%# (oke.*(oke. /o%$& !$. %#! o$.$., 7&e#!!" #%# ACR %#! rey*rey ko!.ro& ((.e/ ek(.#( H#& ! %k$k#! $!.$k /ey#k!k#! k#$ ko!%( ((.e/ ek(.#( ($%#h !or/#& Se.eh %#(.k#! !or/#& $!. ke/3#& %(.#r.
G#/3#r 4 Ko!%( PL@ #%# (##. .er-#% "#!""$#!
Ke.er#!"#! G#/3#r:
2
1 I!%k#.or "#!""$#! Rotor over voltage, #%# ko!%( !or/#& /$ LED I!%k#.or .%#k /e!y# %#! #%# (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! Rotor over voltage /$ LED !%7#.or /e!y# 2 I!%k#.or G#!""$#! -nternal fault2 emergency shutdo%n2 #%# ko!%(
!or/#& /$ LED !%7#.or .%#k /e!y# %#! #%# (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! y#!" 3er#(#& %#r !.er!#& 9#$&. e/er"e!7y (h$.%o! /$ LED !%7#.or #k#! /e!y# 4 I!%k#.or @P' PL@ %#/ ke#%##! !or/#&, #%# ko!%( !or/#& /$ LED !%7#.or /e!y# %#! #%# (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! %#r @P' PL@ /$ !%7#.or LED .%#k /e!y#
G#/3#r 45 .r!" /#.rk #%# (##. .er-#% "#!""$#!
Ke.er#!"#! G#/3#r:
4
1 I!%k#.or "#!""$#! Loss of field #.#$ keh!"#! /e%#! e!"$#. #%# "e!er#.or, #%# o(( !or/#& /$ LED !%7#.or .%#k /e!y# %#! #%# (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! /$ LED !%7#.or /e!y# 2 I!%k#.or G#!""$#! excitation failure #.#$ ke"#"#! ek(.#(, #%# ko!%( !or/#& /$ LED !%7#.or .%#k /e!y# %#! #%# (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! excitation failure /$ LED !%7#.or /e!y#
D#r G#/3#r 4 %#! 45 %#.#( /e!$!-$k#! ko!%( PL@ %#! Tr!" /#.rk (e.eh .er-#% "#!""$#! Nor/#&!y# -k# .er-#% "#!""$#! .er%##. !%k#.or "#!""$#! #%# PL@ %#! $ripping matrik , #k#! .e.# h#& y#!" .er-#% #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( PLTG' Gre(k 3er3e%# k#re!# #%# (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! .%#k #%# !%k#( .er-#% "#!""$#! #%# PL@ ((.e/ ek(.#( (eer. %.$!-$k#! #%# "#/3#r 4 (e%#!"k#! #%# tripping matrik #%# !%k#( "#!""$#! (eer. %.$!-$k#! #%# "#/3#r 45 Se!" 3e3er## h#r .er-#% ke-#%#! y#!" (#/# %e!"#! ko!%( y#!" (#/# %#! %$!. y#!" (#/# 0)uto Reset1! De!"#! k#.# ! e!ye3#3 "#!""$#! ! 3e&$/ %.e/$k#!
Seh!""# -k# ($/3er /#(#h 3e&$/ %er3#k /#k# ke-#%#! ! #k#! .er$( 3er$!", #k#! .e.# $!.$k /e!e/$k#! ($/3er /#(#h %er&$k#! #k.$ y#!" /# (e%#!"k#! %#r h#k oer#.or /e!"!"!k#! $!. .er(e3$. (e"er# oer#( K#re!# .%#k #%# !%k#( #r/ % #!e& ek(.#( /#k# $!. .er(e3$. (.#r. ke/3#& Ke-#%#! (eer. ! 3er$!" (e3#!y#k 4 k#& %e!"#! re!.#!" #k.$ y#!" .%#k /# D#r h#k e/e&h#r##! &(.rk -$"# .%#k %##. /e!y/$&k#! er#.#! %#r ((.e/ ek(.#( /#!# y#!" /e!"#/ /#(#h Jk# .%#k %k$k#! e!#!"#!#! #%# /#(#h ! /#k# ke-#%#! ! #(. #k#! .er$( 3er$!" G#!""$#! (eer. ! 3#(# %(e3$. %e!"#! (!y#& #&($
8(
Me4*e Pen$n.$n$n G$n..u$n
D#/ /e!#!"#! "#!""$#! (e3$#h ((.e/ y#!" 3er(9#. critical %##. %k$k#! %e!"#! 4 7#r# #.#$ 4 /e.o%e, y#.$:
1 Pe!"e&o/ok#! D#/ (e3$#h ((.e/ #(. .er%##. 3e3er## 3#"#! y#!" (#&!" 3erh$3$!"#! '!.$k /e!"e.#h$ 3#"#! /#!# y#!" 3er/#(#h /#k# er&$ %k$k#! e!"e&o/ok#! oer#( er 3#"#! Seh!""# %ke.#h$ 3#"#! /#!# y#!" 3er9$!"( %e!"#! 3e!#r %#! 3#"#! /#!# y#!" /e!"#/ ker$(#k#! H#& ! (#!"#. e9ek.9 %#! 3(# /e!"he/#. #k.$ %#/ ro(e( e!#!"#!#! "#!""$#! 2 Me!y#/#k#! Jk#
%(e3$#h &ok#(
.er%##. ((.e/
y#!"
(#/#, $!.$k
/e!e/$k#! &e.#k "#!""$#! 3(# %k$k#! %e!"#! 7#r# /e!y#/#k#! ((.e/ y#!" 3er/#(#h %e!"#! ((.e/ y#!" !or/#& (eh!""# %##. %e!"#! /$%#h %ke.#h$ 3#"#! /#!# y#!" /e!"#/ /#(#h (! $rial )nd Error $rial and error /er$#k#! (#h (#.$ 7#r# $!.$k /e!"e.#h$
($/3er "#!""$#! $rial /e/&k #r. /e!7o3# %#! Error /e/&k #r. (#h J#% k.# /e!7o3# /e!""#!. #.#$ /e/er3#k .#*.# er#.#! (#/# %%##.k#! er#.#! y#!" /e!ye3#3k#! ((.e/ .er(e3$. error "#"#& Ke7e#.#! %#! ke.e#.#! /er$#k#! h#& y#!" (#!"#.
e!.!" %#/ ro(e( /e!"%e!.9k#( "#!""$#!
5
BAB I3
;
Pe,elih$'$$n K*'e&4i5 Sis4e, E&si4$si Un4u& Men.ien4i5i&$si L*&$si G$n..u$n
See Seer. r. y#!" y#!" ($%# ($%#h h % 3#h# 3#h#( ( % 3#3 3#3 4 3#h 3#h# # ($/3 ($/3er er /#(# /#(# h h y#!" y#!" /e!ye3#3k#! "#!""$#! % ((.e/ ek(.#( 3e&$/ %.e/$k#! H#& ! .e!.$ (#!"#. /er$"k#! 3#" e/3#!"k. k#re!# #k#! /e!ye3#3k#! ker$"#! y#!" 3e(#r -k# e/3#!"k. .er$( /e!"#/ .r K#re!# e/3#!"k. 3eroer#( (e7#r# combine cycle y#.$ "#( 3$#!" ((# e/3#k#r#! $!.$k /e/$.#r gas turbine % /#!9##.k#!
ke/3#& $!.$k /e/ro%$k( $# % He#. Re7o8ery S.e#/ Ge!er#.or >HRSG? y#!" (e!-$.!y (e!-$.!y# # %"$!#k# %"$!#k#! ! $!.$k /e/$.#r /e/$.#r ,team turbine /#k# %( %(## ##.. gas turbine 3erating ng #%#h /e!"#& /e!"#/ #/ .r, .r, ,team $urbine -$"# -$"# #k#! #k#! /e!"# /e!"#/ / derating 3erati
ko!%( %/#!# e/3#!"k. .%#k %##. /e/e!$h %#y# /#/$ !e..o >DMN? y#!" .e .eh h %(e %(e# #k# k#. . %# %#/ / ko!. ko!.r# r#k k #!.# #!.#r# r# e/3 e/3#! #!"k "k. . %#! %#! P4) P4) ,team turbine turbine /e!"#/ %er#.!" #%# (##. "#( .$r3!e /e!"#/ .r k#re!# oer#( #%# PLTG' PLTG' Gre(k Gre(k /e!""$!#k#! /e!""$!#k#! ((.e/ 441 y#.$ y#.$ 4 gas turbine 4 >4eat Recovery H#& ! ! 3er 3er#r. #r. steam turbine ,team Generator Generator ? HRSG %#! 1 stea steam m turb turbin ine! e! H#& turbine /#/$ $!.$k /e/e!$h %#y# /#/$ !e..o h#r$( 3eroer#( %e!"#! ,team y#!" %ro%$k( %#r 4 HRSG >4eat Recovery ,team Generator ? %#! HRSG 3eroer( -k# gas turbine -$"# 3eroer#( J#% #%# (##. (#h (#.$ "#( .$r3!e /e!"#/ .r .r /#k# /#k# o.o/ o.o/#. #.( ( HRSG HRSG -$"# -$"# 3erh 3erhe! e!. . 3ero 3eroe er( r( %#! %#! ro% ro%$k $k( ( $# $# $!.$ $!.$k k /e/$.#r (.e#/ .$r3!e #k#! 3erk$r#!" (eh!""# %#y# y#!" %h#(&k#! "e!er#.or steam turbine /e!-#% %3##h DMN e/3#!"k.
Ker$ Ker$" "#! #! y#!" y#!" %#& %#/ #/ (e (e! ! %#r %#r (e" (e" 9!# 9!#( (#& #&,, e/3 e/3#! #!"k "k. . -$"# -$"# /e!"#& /e!"#/ #/ ker$" ker$"#! #! %#r %#r (e" (e" e!& e!# ##! ! k!erk!er-# # e/3# e/3#!" !"k. k. Jk# Jk# e/3#! e/3#!"k "k..
+
(er (er!" !" /e!" /e!"#& #/ #/ .r .r %#! %#! %er# %er#. .!" !" /#k# /#k# k!e k!err-# # e/3 e/3#! #!"k "k. . .%# .%#k k %## %##.. /e/e!$h ! y#!" .eh %(e#k#. %#/ ko!.r#k #!.#r# Pe/3#!"k. %#! P4) Jk# Jk# .er.er-#% #% ($#. ($#.$ $ /#(# /#(# h h #%# #%# $!. $!. e/3 e/3#! #!"k "k. . h#r$ h#r$( ( (e"e (e"er# r# % %k$ k$k# k#! ! e!#!"#!#! $!.$k /e!or/#&k#! ke/3#& $!. e/3#!"k. (eh!""# ker$"#! y#!" %#/ e/3#!"k. %##. % /!/#&(r
1 Menen4u&$n L*&$si G$n..u$n Jk# Jk# &ok# &ok#( ( "#!" "#!""$ "$#! #! 3e&$ 3e&$/ / %.e %.e/$ /$k# k#! ! /#k# /#k# k.# k.# .%# .%#k k 3(# 3(# /e /ek$ k$k# k#! ! er3 er3# #k# k#! ! #%# #%# ((. ((.e/ e/ ek( ek(.# .#( ( '!.$ '!.$k k /e!e /e!e/$ /$k# k#! ! &ok# &ok#( ( "#!""$#! y#!" .er-#% k.# /e!""$!#k#! /e.o%e (eer. y#!" %3#h#( #%# 3#3 3#3 4 (e3e (e3e&$ &$/! /!y# y# Per. Per.#/ #/#* #*.# .#/# /# k.# k.# h#r$ h#r$( ( /e!e /e!e!. !.$k $k#! #! %#r %#r /#!# /#!# "#!"" "#!""$#! $#! ! 3er#(# 3er#(#&, &, /e!"e /e!"e&o/ &o/ok ok#! #! 3#"#! 3#"#!*3# *3#"# "#! ! y#!" y#!" /e!"# /e!"#/ / /#(#h %#! 3#"#! y#!" !or/#& H#& ! 3er.$-$#! #"#r ro(e( e!7#r#! "#!""$#! &e3h .er9ok$( Jk# ro(e( %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! .%#k .er9ok$( /#k# #k.$ y#!" %3$.$hk#! %3$.$hk#! $!.$k $!.$k /ek$k# /ek$k#! ! e!or/# e!or/#! ! #%# ((.e/ y#!" y#!" /e!"# /e!"#/ / "#!"" "#!""$#! $#! #k#! #k#! (e/#k (e/#k! ! 3#!y# 3#!y#k k %#! %#! ekereker-##! ##! y#!" y#!" %k$k#! /e!-#% .%#k e9ek.9, (e! .$ ker$"#! y#!" %#/ e/3#!"k. -$"# #k#! (e/#k! 3e(#r P#%# /#(#h y#!" .er-#% #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( PLTG' Gre(k k.# h#r$( /e!e!.$k#! "#!""$#! 3er#(#& %#r ((.e/ !.er!#& ek(.#( #.#$ %#r loss of field protection relay! H#& ! 3(# %&h#. %#r ko!%( (##. /e!"#& /e!"#/ #/ "#!""$ "#!""$#! #! Seer. Seer. y#!" y#!" .eh .eh %-e %-e(k (k#! #! tripping tripping matrik (##. "#/3#r "#/3#r 42 #%# 3#3 4, -k# "#!""$#! "#!""$#! 3er#(#& 3er#(#& %#r loss of field protection /#k# tripping matrik y#!" y#!" 3eker-# #%#h /#.rk !o 5 %#! -k# 3er#(#& relay /#k# %#r %#r ((.e/ ((.e/ !.er! !.er!#& #& ek(.# ek(.#( ( >excitation excitation failure failure? /#k# .r!" /#.rk y#!" 3eker-# #%#h /#.rk !o 1; K#re!# #%# (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! .r!"
=
/#.rk y#!" 3eker-# #%#h /#.rk 1; /#k# 3(# %(/$&k#! 3#h# "#!""$#! 3er#(#& %#r ((.e/ !.er!#& ek(.#( > excitation failure? Se.eh /e!e!.$k#! "#!""$#! 3er#(#& %#r ((.e/ !.er!#& ek(.#( /#k# e!7#r#! "#!""$#! 9ok$( #%# #!e& ((.e/ ek(.#( P#%# PLTG' Gre(k .er%##. #!e& ek(.#( y#!" (#/# (eh!""# $!.$k /e/er7e#. ro(e( %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! %k$k#! 7#r# /e!y#/#k#! #!e& ek(.#( y#!" 3er/#(#h %e!"#! #!e& ek(.#( y#!" !or/#& Se! /e!y#/#k#! %e!"#! #!e& ek(.#( y#!" ! /e.o%e /e!y#/#k#! -$"# 3(# %k$k#! %e!"#! /e!y#/#k#! #r#/#.er*#r#/e.er #%# #!e& ek(.#( %e!"#! %#(#r h(.or %#.#*%#.# e!"$k$r#! %#r #!e& ek(.#( #%# (##. ko!%( !or/#& Se.eh %k$k#! /e.o%e /e!y#/#k#! %e!"#! #!e& ek(.#( ! %#! h(.or %#.#*%#.# e!"$k$r#! #!e& ek(.#( #%# ko!%( !or/#& .%#k %.e/$k#! #%#!y# er3e%##! #!.#r# #!e& y#!" 3er/#(#h %e!"#! #!e& y#!" !or/#& P#%# #!e& ek(.#( (!y#& y#!" /e!"r/ er!.#h .r ke #!e& ro.ek( %#! .r!" /#.rk 3er#(#& %#r ."# rey Rey*rey ! 3eker-# %e!"#! /#($k#! y#!" 3er3e%#*3e%# )erk$. "#/3#r 1 r#!"k##! e!"r/ (!y#& .r ke #!e& ro.ek( %#! .r!" /#.rk
G#/3#r 1 R#!"k##! Pe!"r/ S!y#& Tr
D#r "#/3#r 1 %-e(k#! 3#h# (!y#& e!"r/ er!.#h .r ke #!e& ro.ek( 3er#(#& rey y#.$ rey K1, rey K10 %#! rey K21 '!.$k K1 3er9$!"( /e!"r/k#! (!y#& -k# .er-#% "#!""$#! #%# oer ($&y Ko!.ro& 2 C%7 K10 3er9$!"( /e!"r/k#! (!y#&*(!y#& (e($# y#!" .eh %-e(k#! %#/ "#/3#r 25 #%# 3#3 2 %#! K21 3er9$!"( $!.$k /e!"r/k#! (!y#& -k# .eh .er-#% "#!""$#! #%# @P' PL@ L#!"k#h (e!-$.!y# #%#h /e!"e&o/ok#! rey /#!# y#!" /e!"#/ "#!""$#! ##k#h %#r K1, K10 #.#$ K21 H#& ! %##. %k$k#!
50
%e!"#! %e!.9k#( (e7#r# 8($#& #%# rey*rey .er(e3$. K#re!# rey* rey .er(e3$. %&e!"k# %e!"#! /$ !%7#.or /#k# %e!.9k#( %##. %k$k#! %e!"#! /e!"#/#. (e7#r# !"($!" rey*rey .er(e3$. Jk# rey .er(e3$. 3eker-# /#k# /$ !%k#.or #k#! /e!y# G#/3#r 2 /er$#k#! rey*rey e!"r/ er!.#h .r
G#/3#r 2 Rey*Rey Pe!"r/ Per!.#h Tr Se! /ek$k#! e!"#/#.#! #%# rey -$"# 3(# /ek$k#! e!"#/#.#! #%# PL@ (eer. y#!" .eh %-e(k#! #%# "#/3#r 41 #%#
51
3#3 4 Se.eh %k$k#! %e!.9k#( #%# #!e& ek(.#( .%#k %.e/$k#! #%#!y# !%k#( "#!""$#! (eh!""# rey /#!# y#!" 3eker-# #%# (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! .%#k %##. .er%e.ek( Se.eh %k$k#! #!#&(# o&eh h#k* h#k y#!" .erk#. %#/3& (e3$#h ke(/$! -k# "#!""$#! ! .er-#% k#re!# (!y#& #&($ >malfunction signal ? S!y#& #&($ >malfunction signal ? ! /er$#k#! (!y#& y#!" .er-#% h#!y# (e(##. #.#$ 3er(9#. one pulse! k#re!# rey*rey .er(e3$. %#.#( .%#k %&e!"k# %e!"#! 9#(&.#( e!"$!7 (eh!""# -k# "#!""$#! y#!" .er-#% h#!y# 3er(9#. (e(##. #.#$ one pulse /#k# rey*rey .er(e3$. %#.#( #k#! ke/3#& reset ke ko!%( !or/#& (##. "#!""$#! .$ ($%#h h!"
'!.$k /e!e/$k#! &e.#k "#!""$#! k#re!# (!y#& #&($ > malfunction signal ? ! %##. %k$k#! %e!"#! /ek$k#! e!"#/#.#! #%# ke."# rey
.er(e3$. #k#! .e.# h#& ! .%#k /$!"k! %k$k#! k#re!# ro(e( e!"#/#.#! h#r$( %k$k#! (e7#r# .er$(*/e!er$( #k#! .e.# "#!""$#! .er(e3$. .%#k %##. %re%k( k##! .er-#% " (eh!""# 7#r# y#!" 3(# %k$k#! #%#h %e!"#! /ek$k#! /o%9k#( #%# r#!"k##! e!"r/ (!y#& .r %e!"#! /e!#/3#hk#! ($#.$ r#!"k##! y#.$ r#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! R#!"k##! ! 3er.$-$#! #"#r (!y#& #&($ >malfunction signal ? y#!" .er-#% #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( %##. .er%e.ek( G#/3#r 4 /er$#k#! r#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#!
52
G#/3#r 4 R#!"k##! I%e!.9k#( G#!""$#!
@#r# ker-# %#r r#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! #%# "#/3#r 4 .$ #%#h #%# (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! rey*rey exciting .#% .%#k " /e!"r/k#! (!y#& ke #!e& ro.ek( #k#! .e.# /e!"er-#k#! rey*rey .#/3#h#! A1, A2 %#! A4 Jk# (##. .er-#% "#!""$#! y#!" (#/# k.# %##. /e!"e.#h$ %3#"#! /#!# y#!" /e!"#/ /#(#h k#re!# r#!"k##! ! %&e!"k# %e!"#! ((.e/ e!"$!7 Jk# (#h (#.$ rey #%# y#!" 3eker-# k.# %##. /e!"e.#h$!y# k#re!# #$$! (!y#& y#!"
54
/e!"er-#k#! rey .er(e3$. 3er(9#. (e(##., rey*rey .#% #k#! .er$( 3eker-# Rey A1, A2 %#! A4 -$"# 3er9$!"( $!.$k /e!"r/k#! (!y#& ke #!e& ro.ek( (eh!""# .%#k /e!"$3#h ((.e/ ro.ek( excitation failure
D#/
ro(e(
e/3$#.#!
r#!"k##!
%e!.9k#(
"#!""$#!
!
%%##.k#! %$# 3$#h &h#! r#!"k##!, /e!"!"#. %#r ko!%( $!. y#!" ($%#h (er!" /e!"#/ .r /#k# %k$k#! e!#/3#h#! ./er #%# r#!"k##!
%e!.9k#(
"#!""$#!
G#/3#r
/er$#k#!
r#!"k##!
%e!.9k#( "#!""$#! /e!""$!#k#! ./er
G#/3#r R#!"k##! I%e!.9k#( G#!""$#! De!"#! T/er
5
T$-$#! %#r %.#/3#hk#!!y# timer %#/ r#!"k##! #%#h $!.$k %##. /e/3e%#k#! "#!""$#! y#!" 3er(9#. #7.$#& %#! "#!""$#! y#!" 3er(9#. (e(##. J#% -k# "#!""$#! y#!" /$!7$& 3er(9#. (e(##. %#! .%#k /e/e!$h .$!%# #k.$ ./er y#!" .eh %#.$r /#k# .%#k #k#! /e!"e.rk#! $!. e/3#!"k. H#& ! k#re!# (!y#& "#!""$#! y#!" /$!7$& .%#k !"($!" /e!"er-#k#! rey e!""#!. (eh!""# .%#k #%# (!y#& y#!" %kr/ ke #!e& ro.ek( (e3e&$/ .$!%# #k.$ .ere!$h '!.$k /#(#h !%k#( -k# .eh .er-#% "#!""$#! .e.# 3(# .er%e.ek(, k#re!# (e! %.#/3#hk#! timer %#/ r#!"k##! -$"# %.#/3#hk#! rey RT >&h#. "#/3#r ? y#!" 3er9$!"( h#!y# (e3#"# !%k#.or -k# .eh .er-#% "#!""$#!
D#r (e" 3(!( r#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! %e!"#! /e!""$!#k#! ./er &e3h e9ek.9 k#re!# 3(# /e!7e"#h $!. .r k#re!# (!y#& #&($ Ke&e/#h#! %#r r#!"k##! ! #%#h %#r (e" ke#/#!#! er#.#! k#re!# -k# .er-#% "#!""$#! y#!" 3er(9#. #7.$#& .%#k 3(# !"($!" /e!"r/k#! (!y#& .r ke #!e& ro.ek( (eh!""# &e3h 3er3#h#y# 3#" er#.#!* er#.#! %#/ ((.e/
Se.eh %k$k#! koor%!#( #!.#r# (e/$# h#k y#!" .erk#. y#.$ e/e&h#r##! %#! oer#(, %(e#k#. 3#h# r#!"k##! y#!" %"$!#k#! $!.$k %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! #%#h r#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! %e!"#! ./er G#/3#r 5 /er$#k#! 3e!.$k 9(k %#r r#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! y#!" (e!-$.!y# #k#! %#(#!" #%# #!e& ro.ek(
55
G#/3#r 5 )e!.$k <(k R#!"k##! I%e!.9k#( "#!""$#! Ek(.#(
9(2 H$sil Pe,$s$n.$n R$n.&$i$n Ien4i5i&$si .$n..u$n
Se.eh r#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! ! %#(#!" .er-#% "#!""$#! y#!" (#/#, #k#! .e.# #%# "#!""$#! k#& ! 3(# %%e.ek( %#r /#!# ($/3er "#!""$#! .$ 3er#(#& D#r h#(& e!"#/#.#! #%# r#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! ($/3er /#(#h 3er#(#& %#r K21 Seer. e!-e(#! %#.#( .#% K21 /er$#k#! rey y#!" /e!"!%k#(k#! 3#h# .eh .er-#%
5;
ke"#"#! #%# @P' PL@ '!.$k /ey#k!k#! 3#h# /e/#!" @P' PL@ y#!" 3er/#(#h /#k# %k$k#! /e.o%e trial and error y#.$ %e!"#! /ek$k#! e!""#!.#! @P' #%# #!e& ek(.#( y#!" 3er/#(#h %e!"#! @P' PL@ y#!" !or/#& Ak#! .e.# (e.eh %k$k#! e!""#!.#! @P' "#!""$#! .er(e3$. /#(h .er-#% H#& ! /e!$!-$k#! 3#h# .%#k .er-#% ker$(#k#! #%# @P' PL@ K#re!# ($%#h 3(# %#(.k#! (!y#& 3er#(#& %#r @P' PL@ /#k# %k$k#! %e!.9k#( #%# ((.e/ !.er!#& PL@ Pro(e( %e!.9k#( #%# ((.e/ PL@ ! %k$k#! o&eh h#k 8e!%or y#.$ (e/e!( Se.eh /e&$ ro(e( %e!.9k#( .erh#%# (e/$# 3#"#! PL@ #khr!y# %.e/$k#! ($/3er /#(#h!y# y#.$ %#r interface module PL@ D#r h#(& #!#&(# h#k 8e!%or ker$(#k#! ! %(e3#3k#! k#re!# 9#k.or $(# %#r er#.#! @#r# y#!" %k$k#! $!.$k /e!or/#&k#! ke/3#& ((.e/ ek(.#( #%#h %e!"#! /ek$k#! e!""#!.#! #%# 3#"#! PL@ y#!" /e!"#/ ker$(#k#!
9(8An$lis$
D#/ e!"oer#(#! (e.# er#.#! #(. er!#h /e!"#/ ($#.$ "#!""$#! y#!" %##. %(e3#3k#! o&eh 3e3er## 9#k.or #!.#r# ! 9#k.or /#!$(#, 9#k.or !.er!#& %#! 9#k.or ek(.er!#& G#!""$#! y#!" .er-#% .%#k %##. %re%k( k##! %#! %/#!# &e.#k "#!""$#! .$ .er-#% (eh!""# er&$ %k$k#! %e!.9k#( $!.$k /e!e/$k#! &ok#( "#!""$#! D#/ ro(e( %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! h#& y#!" #&!" %$.#/#k#! #%#h /#(#h #k.$ Se/#k! 7e#. "#!""$#! .$ %.e/$k#! #k#! (e/#k! 3#k 3#" ((.e/ D#/ h#& %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! y#!" .er-#% #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( %&h
5+
%e!"#! /e.o%e e!"e&o/ok#! y#.$
%e!"#! /e/#(#!" r#!"k##!
%e!.9k#( "#!""$#! Me.o%e ! %#!""# #&!" .e#. k#re!# "#!""$#! y#!" .er-#% %(e3#3k#! k#re!# (!y#& #&($ y#!" .er-#% h#!y# (e(##. (eh!""# &e.#k %#! %#r 3#"#! /#!# (!y#& .er(e3$. 3er#(#& .%#k %##. .er%e!.9k#( Me.o%e ! 7$k$ (e%erh#!# %#! /$%#h %k$k#! .e.# h#(& %#r /e.o%e ! %##. /e/$%#hk#! %#/ ro(e( e!#!"#!#! "#!""$#! (e!-$.!y# Per#.#! #%# ((.e/ ek(.#( PLTG' Gre(k /$ 3eroer#( #%# .#h$! 11 %#! (e/# .$ $ 3e&$/ er!#h %k$k#! e!""#!.#! #%# er#.#! PL@ ((.e/ ek(.#( H#& ! % (!y#&r /e!-#% e!ye3#3 "#!""$#! y#!" /$!7$& #%# e/3#h#(#! .#% D#r -e!( er#.#! y#!" /e!"#/ "#!""$#! .#% -$"# -#r#!" %k$k#! e/e&h#r##! re8e!.9 Pe/e&h#r##! #%# 3#"#! ! %k$k#! h#!y# (##. #%# o8er ho$& #%# $!. .er(e3$. Se! 9#k.or $(# %#r er#.#! .$, k$r#!"!y# e/e&h#r##! re8e!.9 -$"# 3(# /e!-#% e!ye3#3 /e!$r$!!y# k!er-# %#r er#.#! .er(e3$.
BAB 3
5=
KESIMPULAN
D#r e/3#h#(#! royek #khr %e!"#! -$%$& e/e&h#r##! er#!"k#. ((.e/ ek(.#( $!.$k /e!!"k#.k#! keh#!%#! #%# PLTG' Gre(k %#.#( %##. %.#rk ke(/$! #!.#r# !:
1 <#k.or !.er!#& y#.$ 9#k.or $(# er#.#! (#h (#.$!y# /e!-#% 9#k.or y#!" (#!"#. 3(# /e!/3$&k#! "#!""$#! #%# er#.#! Se/#k! .$# $/$r er#.#! .er(e3$. (e/#k! /e!$r$! $ keh#!%#! %#r er#.#! .er(e3$. 2 Pro(e( %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! (!y#& #&($ 3(# %k$k#! %e!"#! /e.o%e e!"e&o/ok#! %e!"#! 7#r# /e/#(#!" r#!"k##! %e!.9k#( "#!""$#! 4 )#"#! ((.e/ y#!" /e!"#/ "#!""$#! h#!y# %k$k#! e/e&h#r##! r$.! #%# (##. o8erh#$& (eh!""# (e! 9#k.or $(# %#r er#.#! .er(e3$., k$r#!"!y# e/e&h#r##! r$.! -$"# 3(# /e!-#% (#h (#.$ e!ye3#3 .er-#%!y# "#!""$#! Pe/e&h#r##! r$.! y#!" &e3h !.e!( #%# er#.#! %##. /e/er#!-#!" $(# %#r er#.#! (eh!""# 3(# /e!!"k#.k#! keh#!%#! #%# $!. e/3#!"k.
DA
1
Gresik /ombine /ycle Po%er Plant Maintenance Manual2 5('2 Se/e!( L.%
sistem tryphol