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'XJDþDN L VSRU ELMDãH PDUã (OGDUD QD ]DSDG MHU PLOMH 6UHGQMH =HPOMH ELMDKX QHEURMHQH L ]DPRUQH L QHSURKRGQH $ QL (OGDUL QLVX åHOMHOL GD SRåXUH MHU ELMDKX LVSXQMHQL þXÿHQMHP ]ERJ VYHJD ãWR YLGH L NUDM PQRJLK ]HPDOMD L ULMHND SRåHOMHãH GD VH QDVWDQH LPDGDVYLELMDKXMRãYROMQLGDOXWDMXPQRJLVXVWUHSLOLRG NUDMD VYRJ SXWD YLãH QHJR ãWR VX PX VH UDGRYDOL =DWR NDG JRG MH 2URPH RGOD]LR LPDMXüL SRYUHPHQR GUXJH SUREOHPH ]D NRMH MH PRUDR GD VH SREULQH RQL VX ]DVWDMDOL L QLVX LãOL GDOMH GRN VH RQ QH YUDWLGDLKSRYHGH,GHVLVHSRVOLMHPQRJRJRGLQDSXWRYDQMDQDRYDM QDþLQ GD VH (OGDUL XSXWLãH NUR] MHGQX ãXPX L GRÿRãH GR MHGQH YHOLNH ULMHNH ãLUH RG LMHGQH NRMX ELMDKX GRWDG YLGMHOL D L]D QMH ELMDKX SODQLQH ]D þLMH VH RãWUH YUKRYH NDR URJRYH þLQLOR GD SUREDGDMXNUDOMHYVWYR]YLMH]GD2YDULMHNDNDåXELMDãHXSUDYRRQD ULMHND NRMD MH NDVQLMH QD]YDQD $QGXLQ 9HOLNL L NRMD XYLMHN ELMDãH JUDQLFD]DSDGQLKREODVWL6UHGQMH=HPOMH$SODQLQHELMDKX+LWDLJOLU .XOH0DJOHQDJUDQLFDPD(ULDGRUD DOLRQHELMDKXYLãHLVWUDãQLMHX WLP GDQLPD D X]GLJDR LK MH 0HONRU GD VSULMHþL MDKDQMH 2URPHD 6DG7HOHULVH]DGUåDãHGXJRQDLVWRþQRMREDOLRYHULMHNHLSRåHOMHãH GD WX RVWDQX D 9DQMDUL L 1ROGRUL SUHÿRãH SUHNR QMH L 2URPH LK SRYHGH GR SODQLQVNLK SUROD]D $ NDG MH 2URPH RWLãDR 7HOHUL SRJOHGDãHVMHQRYLWHYUKRYHLXSODãLãHVH 7DGD VH X YRMVFL 2OYHD SREXQL MHGDQ NRML MH VWDOQR ]DRVWDMDR QD SXWX /HQYH PX ELMDãH LPH 2Q QDSXVWL PDUã SUHPD ]DSDGX L SRYHGH PQRJR OMXGL QD MXJ QL] YHOLNX ULMHNX L R QMLPD QMLKRYL VXQDURGQMDFL QH ]QDGRãH QLãWD VYH GRN GXJH JRGLQH QH SURWHNRãH 7R ELMDKX 1DQGRUL L RQL SRVWDGRãH L]GYRMHQ QDURG UD]OLþLW RG VYRMLK URÿDND L]X]HY ãWR VX YROMHOL YRGX L åLYMHOL XJODYQRPSRUHGVODSRYDLEU]LKULMHþQLKWRNRYD9HüH]QDQMHVXRQL SRVMHGRYDOL R VYHPX åLYRP GUYHWX L WUDYL SWLFL L ]YLMHUL QR VYL GUXJL 9LOHQMDFL 8 NDVQLMLP JRGLQDPD VH 'HQHWRU VLQ /HQYHRY YUDWL QDSRNRQ SRQRYR QD ]DSDG L SRYHGH GLR WRJ QDURGD SUHNR SODQLQDX%HOHULMDQGSULMHUDÿDQMD0MHVHFD 1D NUDMX 9DQMDUL L 1ROGRUL SUHÿRãH SUHNR (UHG /XLQD 3ODYLK 3ODQLQD L]PHÿX (ULDGRUD L QDM]DSDGQLMH REODVWL 6UHGQMH =HPOMH NRMX 9LOHQMDFL NDVQLMH QD]YDãH %HOHULMDQG L SUYH GUXåLQH SUHÿRãH SUHNR 'ROLQH 6LULRQD L VLÿRãH GR REDOD 9HOLNRJ 0RUD
L]PHÿX'UHQJLVWDL=DOMHYD%DODU$OLNDGJDXJOHGDãHYHOLNLVWUDK LK REX]H L PQRJL VH SRYXNRãH X ãXPH L JRUMH %HOHULMDQGD 7DGD 2URPH RGH L YUDWL VH X 9DOLQRU GD SRWUDåL VDYMHW 0DQYHD L RVWDYL LK $ YRMVND 7HOHULMD SULMHÿH SUHNR 0DJOHQLK 3ODQLQD L SUHNR GLYOMLK SUHGMHOD (ULDGRUD SRãWR LK MH SRåXULYDR (OYH 6LQJROR NRML ELMDãH åHOMDQ GD VWLJQH RSHW GR 9DOLQRUD L 6YLMHWORVWL NRMH ELMDãH YLGLR D QLMH åHOLR GD VH RGYRML RG 1ROGRUD MHU ELMDãH X YHOLNRP SULMDWHOMVWYX VD )LQYHRP QMLKRYLP JRVSRGDUHP 7DNR SRVOLMH PQRJLKJRGLQDL7HOHULGRÿRãHQDSRNRQSUHNR(UHG/XLQDXLVWRþQH SUHGMHOH %HOHULMDQGD 7X VH ]DXVWDYLãH L åLYOMDKX QHWNR YULMHPH SRUHG5LMHNH*HOLRQ
SRJODYOMH
27LQJROXL0HOLMDQL
0HOLMDQD ELMDãH 0DMD RG URGD 9DODUD 2QD åLYOMDãH X YUWRYLPD /RULMHQD L PHÿX FMHORNXSQLP WDPRãQMLP QDURGRP QH ELMDãH QLMHGQH OMHSãH RG 0HOLMDQH QLWL PXGULMH QLWL NRMD MH EROMH XPMHOD GD RþDUDYD SMHVPRP 3ULþD VH GD EL YDODUL RVWDYOMDOL VYRMH SRVORYH L SWLFH 9DOLQRUD SUHVWDMDOH GD VH YHVHOH GD EL ]YRQD 9DOPDUD ]DãXWMHOD L þHVPH SUHVWDMDOH GD WHNX NDG EL SUL PLMHãDQMX VYMHWDOD 0HOLMDQD SMHYDOD X /RULMHQX 6ODYXML VX MH XYLMHN SUDWLOL D RQD LK MH XþLOD QMLKRYRM SMHVPL L YROMHOD MH GXERNH VMHQNH YHOLNRJ GUYHüD 2QD ELMDãH X VURGVWYX SULMH QR ãWR MH 6YLMHW QDþLQMHQ VD VDPRP ODYDQRP D X RQR YULMHPH NDG VH .YHQGL SUREXGLãH NUDM YRGD .XLYLHQHQD RQD RGH L] 9DOLQRUD L GRÿH X 2YRVWUDQH =HPOMH L WDPR LVSXQMDYDãH WLãLQX 6UHGQMH =HPOMH SULMH VYDQXüD VYRMLP JOD VRPLJODVRYLPDVYRMLKSWLFD 6DG NDG VH QMLKRYR SXWRYDQMH SULEOLåL NUDMX NDR ãWR MH LVSULþDQRQDURG7HOHULMDVHRGPDUDãHGXJRX,VWRþQRP%HOHULMDQGX SRUHG5LMHNH*HOLRQ DXWRYULMHPHPQRJLRG1ROGRUDVHMRãXYLMHN ]DGUåDYDKX QD ]DSDGX X RQLP ãXPDPD NRMH VX NDVQLMH QD]YDQH 1HOGRUHW L 5HJLRQ (OYH JRVSRGDU 7HOHULMD MH þHVWR SUROD]LR NUR] YHOLNH ãXPH WUDåHüL )LQYHD VYRJ SULMDWHOMD X SUHELYDOLãWLPD 1ROGRUD LGHVLVHMHGQRJDGDQDGDRQGRÿHVDPXãXPX1DQ(OPRW REDVMDQX ]YLMH]GDPD L WX L]QHQDGD ]DþX SMHVPX VODYXMD 7DGD JD REX]H ]DþDUDQRVW L ]DVWDGH NDR XNRSDQ L X GDOMLQL L]D JODVRYD ORPHOLQGLMD RQ ]DþX JODV 0HOLMDQLQ L RQ LVSXQL QMHJRYR VUFH GLYOMHQMHPLåXGQMRP2QWDGD]DERUDYLSRWSXQRQDVYRMQDURGLVYH
VYRMH VYMHVQH QDPMHUH L SUDWHüL SWLFH LVSRG VMHQNL GUYHüD ]DÿH GXERNR X 1DQ (OPRW L L]JXEL VH $OL VWLåH QDSRNRQ GR MHGQRJ SURSODQND REDVMDQRJ ]YLMH]GDPD D WDPR VWDMDãH 0HOLMDQD L L] PUDNDRQSRJOHGDXQMXDVYMHWORVW$PDQDELMDãHXQMHQRPOLFX 2QD QH SURJRYRUL QL ULMHþL DOL LVSXQMHQ OMXEDYOMX (OYH MRM SULÿH L X]H MH ]D UXNXLLVWRJþDVDELMDãHRSþLQMHQLVWDMDOLVXWDNR GRN VX VH ]YLMH]GH L]QDG QMLK RNUHWDOH L EURMDOH GXJH JRGLQH L GUYHüH 1DQ (OPRWD L]UDVWH YLVRNR L WDPQR SULMH QR ãWR L]UHNRãH LMHGQXULMHþ 7DNR (OYHD QMHJRYL URÿDFL NRML VX JD WUDåLOL QH QDÿRãH L 2OYH SUHX]H NUDOMHYVNX YODVW QDG 7HOHULPD L RGH NDNR MH LVSULþDQR NDVQLMH (OYH 6LQJROR QH RGH QLNDG YLãH SUHNR PRUD X 9DOLQRU ]D VYRJD YLMHND D QL 0HOLMDQD VH QH YUDWL WDPR GRN MH QMLKRYR ]DMHGQLþNRNUDOMHYVWYRWUDMDOR DRGQMHSRWHþHLPHÿX9LOHQMDFLPDL PHÿX /MXGLPD MHGQD FUWD QDVOLMHÿHQD RG $LQXUD NRML ELMDKX VD ,OXYDWDURP SULMH (H 8 NDVQLMLP GDQLPD RQ SRVWDGH SURVODYOMHQL NUDOM D QMHJRY QDURG ELMDKX VYL (OGDUL %HOHULMDQGD 6LQGDUL VX VH ]YDOL 6LYRYLOHQMDFL 9LOHQMDFL 6XPUDND D RQ ELMDãH .UDOM 6LYL RJUWDþ (OX 7LQJRO QD MH]LNX WH ]HPOMH $ 0HOLMDQD ELMDãH QMHJRYD .UDOMLFD PXGULMD RG VYH GMHFH 6UHGQMH =HPOMH D QMLKRYL VNULYHQL GYRURYL ELMDKX X 0HQHJURWX +LOMDGX 3HüLQD X 'RULMDWX 9HOLNX PRü SRGDUL 0HOLMDQD 7LQJROX NRML L VDP ELMDãH YHOLNL PHÿX (OGDULPD MHU MH RQ MHGLQL RG VYLK 6LQGDUD YLGLR VYRMLP YODVWLWLP RþLPD 'UYHüH X GDQLPD QMHJRYRJ FYMHWDQMD L PDGD ELMDãH NUDOM 8PDQMDUD QLMH VH XEUDMDR PHÿX 0RULNYHQGLMH QHJR X 9LOHQMDNH 6YLMHWORVWL PRüQH X 6UHGQMRM =HPOML $ L] OMXEDYL 7LQJROD L 0HOLMDQH GRÿH QD VYLMHW QDMOMHSãH RG VYH 'MHFH ,OXYDWDURYH NRMD VX åLYMHODLOLüHLNDGåLYMHWL
SRJODYOMH
2(OGDPDUXL SULQmHYLPDRG(OGDOLMH
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