INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA Peperiksaan Peperiksaan Kursus Persediaan 2016 PRGRAM IJA!A" SARJANA MUDA PERGURUAN Kursus Persediaan Ana#$%i dan &isi$'$(i Ker#as 1
N) KD*
PJMS+0,+
TARIK"*
PERATURAN MEM-ERI MARKA" .PMM/
Mei 2016
No. Kod: PJMS33043
PMM -A"AGIAN A ( 20 markah )
1.
B
2.
C
3.
A
4.
D
5.
D
6.
A
7.
A
8.
C
.
B
10.
B
11.
C
12.
A
13.
A
14.
B
15.
A
16.
B
17.
B
18.
B
1.
B
20.
D
2
SULIT
-A"AGIAN - .SALAN STRUKTUR/ .,0 Marka/
1
a. B!r"ka# d!$"#"%" %"%&!m ra#'ka da# 2 $#'%" %"%&!m ra#'ka
Sistem rangka terdiri daripada tulang-tulang dan struktur-struktur sokongan Seperti ligamen, kartilej dan sendi. Terdapat 206 ketul tulang pada rangka manusia 2 fungsi sistem rangka
(Memberi sokongan)
( Memberi perlindungan) (4 Markah)
1
. *!ra#'ka# d!#'a# r"#'ka% %&rk&r+%&rk&r !r"k&
". ,"'am!# "". Kar&"-! """. S!#d"
Ligamen : Tisu brfiber yang menyambungkan 2 atau lebih tulang atau Rawan yang bergerak serta memberi sokongan dan kekuatan kepada sendi
Kartilej : Tisu yang kurang keras dan lebih fleksibel daripada tulang. Ia menyaluti hujung-hujung tulang yang membentuk sendi
Sendi : Tempat pertemuan dua tulang yang bersebelahan. Ia terdiri daripada sendi tanpa gerak, gerakan terhad, sendi gerak bebas. (6 Markah)
2a.
/. + //. + ///. + /.
%"%&!m %ara$ %a& 1m ". %a& "#&!'ra%" 1m "". kaa-a# %"%&!m %ara$ m!maa "m-%+"m-% %ara$ k! ada# %!%"#a 1m
1m 1m
(2Markah)
/.
Aakah %"%&!m -"ma&"k S"%&!m -"m$a&"k m!raka# %a& %"%&!m !#'a#'k&a# a#' m!ma#& !r!dara# darah "a m!maa !a"r a#' k!-ar dar" %a-r darah k!ma-" %!m-a k! da-am %a-r darah. M!m%#ahka# &o"# da# m!#'ha-a#' !r!akka# !#ak"&a#'k"&a# k!%!-rh ada# (/mm#"&)
M!ma#& m!#'!ka-ka# k!%!"ma#'a# !a"r a#&ara &"% da# !r!dara# darah.
M!#'a#'k& -!mak &!r!r#a dar"ada %% k! da-am !r!dara# darah
1 $ak&a 9 1 markah ( 2 markah ) //. +S!a%a#' k!-!#ar a#' &!r-!&ak ada !#&ra- &rak!a da# a&a% %!d"k"& dar" a#&#'. +d" k!-!#ar &"ro"d ( 1 markah ) ///. S"%&!m -"m$a&"k &!raha'" k!ada da aha'"a# ". ;r'a# r"m!r "". ;r'a# %!k#d!r ( 2 markah )
3.
(a)
S"%&!m r!%"ra&or" !r$#'%" m!#a-a#ka# ro%!% !r#a$a%a#. *r!k r!%"ra&or" &!rd"r" dar"ada &r!k r!%"ra&or" a&a% da# aah. <#'%"#a "a-ah #&k !#'a-"ra# dara k! ar+ar da# !#'a-"ra# dara k!-ar dar"ada &h. Namaka# dua (2) aha'"a# &r!k r!%"ra&or" a&a% %!r&a #a&aka# $#'%" k!da+da aha'"a# &!r%!& , ak#a 1 %arka 3 , %arka + ak#a4isi 5 2 %arka 3 6 %arka Jaapan*
-aa(ian
&un(si
+ +
="d#' + +
M!raka# %a-r !r#a$a%a# a'" ro%!% r!%"ra&or". M!-!maka# da# m!ma#%ka# dara a#' ma%k. M!#a"% da# m!m!r%"hka# dara a#' d"%!d& ma%k. M!m#a" o-$a&or (a)
+
+ ,ar"#'
+
M!#'a&r &"#'ka& k!&!'a#'a# dar" "&a %ara a#' %!-a#&#a m!#'a&r %ara. M!#!r"ma dara dar" $ar"#' d"&!r%ka# k! da-am &rak!a da# m!#!'ah maka#a# da# a"r ma%k k! da-am &rak!a.
1 7aa(ian 3 8 %arka 1 un(si 3 2 %arka 2 7aa(ian 9 2 un(si 3 : %arka ()
=ra"ka# m!ka#"%m! !r#a$a%a# d!#'a# !&- da-am %"&a%" m!#'h!m% #a$a%. Jaapan * (")
;&o& "#&!rko%&a da-am m!#'#
("")
;&o& "#&!rko%&a -ar m!#'!#dr
(""")
Sa#'kar r%k &r# k! aaah da# k! da-am
(")
;&o& d"a$'ra'ma m!#'!#dr da# #a"k k! a&a% !r!#&k kah
()
/%"ad ro#''a &orak% !rkra#'a# da# m!"#'ka&ka# &!ka#a# dara d"da-am#a
(")
>dara d"d!%ak ma%k k! da-am ar+ar 1 ak#a 3 1 %arka : ak#a 5 1 %arka3 : %arka
?aah 5 d" a&a% m!##kka# %"%&!m r"#ar". ,a!-ka# raah &!r%!& 4. a
Jaapan * (")
@"#a- Bah P"#''a#' (K"d#!)
("")
>r!&!r Sa-r @"#a-
(""")
P#d" K!#"#' (B-!dd!r)
(")
>r!&ra %a-r k!#"#' 1 ak#a 3 1 %arka , ak#a 5 1 %arka 3 , %arka
()
J!-a%ka# $#'%" &"'a (3) or'a# a#' &!r-"a& da-am %"%&!m r"#ar" %!!r&" a#' &!rdaa& da-am ?aah 5. Jaapan * r(an + @"#a-
>r!&!r
+
+ +
P#d" K!#"#'
>r!&ra
+
&un(si P!#a"% %!m-ah !%ar !#da-"r dar"ada %a-ra# darah M!#"#'k"rka# %"%a !r#"&ro'!# dadah da# &ok%"# dar" ada# M!#a-rka# a"r k!#"#' dar" k!da+da '"#a- k! #d" k!#"#' P!#ak#' a"r k!#"#' d" ma#a a"r k!#"#' a#' d"r!m!%ka# o-!h '"#a- aka# !r&ak#' d"aha'"a# "#" &!r-!"h dah- %!!-m d"a#' M!#a-rka# a"r k!#"#' dar" #d" k!#"#' k! -ar da# ada# 1 un(si 3 2 %arka + un(si 5 2 %arka 3 6 %arka
S/
Soa-a# %!"
Soa-a# S"%&!m o&o& ( 1 %oa-a#) 1. S!&"a %"%&!m or'a# ma#%"a d"ad"ka# #&k !r$#'%" a'" m!#!-ara%ka# k!'"a&a# $"%"o-o'" &h ada#. B!rda%arka# k!#a&aa# d" a&a%: (a) Na&aka# $#'%" %"%&!m o&o& ra#'ka. () J!-a%ka# $#'%" %"%&!m o&o& ra#'ka. Jaaa#:
a. <#'%" ;&o& : + =a%"-ka# P!r'!raka# + K!ka-ka# o%&r + S&a"-ka# %!#d" + =a%"-ka# haa . J!-a%ka# <#'%". +
=a%"-ka# P!r'!raka# P!r'!raka# d"ha%"-ka# o-!h !#'#a# o&o&+o&o& ra#'ka a#' !r&"#dak %!&!-ah d"ra#'%a#' o-!h %"%&!m %ara$. Kom"#a%" %a-"#' &"#daka# o&o&+o&o& m!mo-!hka# k"&a !rd"r" ddk ar"#' da# m!-akka# -a"#+-a"# ak&""&" a#' %kar. P!#'#a# "#" !r-ak %!ara %!dar a&a &!rkaa- (voluntary ) a&a &"dak &!rkaa- (involuntary ). K!-aa# !#'#a# !r'a#&#' k!ada !#"% $"!r o&o& "a"& $"!r %!#&ak !a& (fast twitch fiber) da# $"!r %!#&ak -ama& (slow twitch fiber ).
+
K!ka-ka# o%&r Kom"#a%" %a-"#' &"#daka# o&o&+o&o& ka# %ahaa m!mo-!hka# k"&a !rd"r" ddk a&a ar"#' ma-aha# m!ma#& #&k m!#'!ka-ka# o%&r ada#. ,!ka&a# o&o&+o&o& ada &-a#' m!mo-!hka# o%&r d"k!ka-ka#.
+
S&a"-ka# %!#d" ;&o&+o&o& ada# m!m#a" !-a'a" %a" da# $#'%" a#' !r!a.
;&o&+o&o& !%ar %!!r&" quadriceps femoris (sartorius,vastus intermedius, lateralis dan medialis) triceps , abdominis da# trapeius -a"m#a !r&"#dak %!a'a" a'o#"% da# a#&a'o#"% ;&o&+o&o& k!"- aka# !r&"#dak %!a'a" !#'"ma#' (stabilier ) !#!&a ($"a&or) da# !#oko#' (synergist ). ;&o&+o&o& k!"- "#" m!#%&a"-ka# %!#d" &!r&ama#a da-am %ka#+ %ka# a#' m!m!r-ka# k!&!a&a# -aka# a&a %ka# %a%ar (target sport ) %!!r&" m!ma#ahm!#!mak da# ten-pin bowling . +
=a%"-ka# haa *!#a'a d"!r-ka# #&k m!mo-!hka# o&o&+o&o& !k!ra. =am"r 40 &!#a'a a#' d"ha%"-ka# !r&kar m!#ad" haa a#' m!#"#'ka&ka# %h k-"& a&a %h -ara# ada#. =aa+haa "#" d"ha%"-ka# o-!h o&o&+o&o& da# d"k!-arka# m!-a-" ro%!% !aora%" ko#dk%" rad"a%" da# ko#!k%" a'" m!#%&a"-ka# %h ada#.
, ak#a 1 %arka 3 , %arka + ak#a4isi 5 2 %arka 3 6 %arka
1 . ( a ) B!r"ka# d!$"#"%" %"%&!m !#dokr"#. ( ) *!ra#'ka# d!#'a# r"#'ka% &!a& da# ada& $#'%" %"%&!m !#dokr"#. ( ) S!#ara"ka# %!ma k!-!#ar a#' ada da-am &h ada# !%!r&a =ormo#! a#' d" r!m!%ka##a. Jaaa#: a. S"%&!m ada# a#' &!rd"r" dar"ada k!-!#ar a#' m!r!m!%ka# hormo#. =ormo# m!ra#'%a#' ro%!% a#'ka a#a#' %!!r&" !r&mha# m!&ao-"%m !m"aka# da# !r&aha#a# ada#. S!ma hormo# ada-ah !ra%a%ka# k!ada a%"d am"#% a&a %&!ro"d. =ormo# "a-ah aha# k"m"a a#' d"%"#&!%"% o-!h %!- + %!- h"d. =ormo# d"r!m!% k! da-am darah da# d"a#'k& o-!h %"%&!m !r!dara# darah k! or'a# %a%ara# a#' &!r-!&ak ah dar"ada &!ma& hormo# "& d"%"#&!%"%. Ea-a# da-am m-ah a#' %!d"k"& hormo# !raa #&k m!m!r!a&ka# a&a m!m!r-aha#ka# %!%a& $#'%" "o-o'". . +
S"%&!m ada# a#' &!rd"r" dar"ada k!-!#ar a#' m!r!ma%ka# hormo#.
+
=ormo# m!ra#'%a#' ro%!% a#'ka a#a#' %!!r&" !r&mha# m!&ao-"%m!!m"aka# da# !r&aha#a# aha#.
+
=ormo# !raa #&k m!m!r!a&ka# a&a m!m!&aha#ka# %!%a& $#'%" "o-o'".
+
Co#&oh k!kra#'a# '-ko% da-am darah. M!ra#'%a#' k!-!#ar adr!#a#&k k!-ar hormo# !"#!$"r"# a#' d"ha#&ar k! o&o& ra#'ka #&k m!m!r!a&ka# !#'r%a# '-"ko'!# k!ada '-ko% a'" m!#"#'ka&ka# arah '-ko% da-am darah. , ak#a 1 %arka 3 , %arka + ak#a4isi 5 2 %arka 3 6 %arka
""". KELENJAR PITUITARI K!-!#ar "#" &!r-!&ak d" aah h"o&a-am%. A#&ara hormo# + hormo# a#' d"r!m!%ka# "a-ah hormo# &m!%ara# ('ro&h hormo#). =ormo# &m!%ara# "a-ah hormo# a'" m!&ao-"%m! mm. *"#daka# hormo# "#" ada-ah %!!r&" !r"k& : a) M!m!r!a&ka# kadar !r&mha# &h ) M!ra#'%a#' !#'am"-a# a%"d am"#o o-!h %!- a'" m!#%"#&!%"% ro&!"# ) M!ra#'%a#' !#'ra"a# -!mak #&k &!#a'a. Cara "#" m!m!-"hara hom!o%&a%"% '-a da-am darah d!#'a# m!#"ma# '-ko%a.K!kra#'a# a&a -!"ha# r!m!%a# hormo# "#" m!maa k!ada !m!#&ka# &h a#' &"dak #orma-. K!k!rd"-a# &h !r#a dar"ada kra#'#a r!m!%a# hormo# "#" %!m!#&ara k!'!r'a%"a# da# Farom!'a--G -a d"%!aka# o-!h r!m!%a# hormo#! a#' !r-!"ha#. *"#daka# m!m!r!a&ka# kadar !&mha# da# m!ra#'%a#'ka# !#'r%a# -!mak #&k &!#a'a.
!r'!raka# da# m!#&a- !#'kak ada mka k!-!%a# %h ada# a#' r!#dah da# k!'!mka#. Ma%a-ah aa& aka- &"dak !r-ak ada ora#' d!a%a. ,!"ha# &"rok%"# m!#!aka# !#"#'ka&a# kadar d!#&a# a#&#' kadar m!&ao-"%m a#' &"#''" &"dak &aha# d!#'a# %h a#a% da# k!'!-"%aha#. K!kra#'a# ka-%"&o#"# -a m!#ma#' k!ada o%&!ooro%"%. >#&k m!&ao-"%m! m!#'aa- kadar !#'ok%"da# '-ko%a %!ma %!- a#&" d"r&" hormo#! (adh) #&k "ma#'a# a"r da-am ada#. =ormo# a#&"d"r!&"k "a-ah %a& !&"d! k!"- a#' &!rd"r" dar"ada %!m"-a# a%"d am"#o. <#'%"#a "a-ah #&k m!#'aa- a&r !#!raa# %!m-a a"r o-!h &- '"#a-. TESTSTERNE M!#amah !#'#a# o&o& @ro&h hormo#! ('h) ak&""&" "#a ada# 1 rm -a
, ak#a 1 %arka 3 , %arka + ak#a4isi 5 2 %arka 3 6 %arka
S&rk&r: 1. (a)
S"%&!m r!%"ra&or" !r$#'%" m!#a-a#ka# ro%!% !r#a$a%a#. *r!k r!%"ra&or" &!rd"r" dar"ada &r!k r!%"ra&or" a&a% da# aah. <#'%"#a "a-ah #&k !#'a-"ra# dara k! ar+ar da# !#'a-"ra# dara k!-ar dar"ada &h. Namaka# dua (2) aha'"a# &r!k r!%"ra&or" a&a% %!r&a #a&aka# $#'%" k!da+da aha'"a# &!r%!& Jaapan*
-aa(ian
&un(si
+
+
M!raka# %a-r !r#a$a%a# a'" ro%!% r!%"ra&or". M!-!maka# da# m!ma#%ka# dara a#' ma%k. M!#a"% da# m!m!r%"hka# dara a#' d"%!d& ma%k. M!m#a" o-$a&or (a)
+
+
="d#' +
'a %a-ra# da-am !r#a$a%a#. + M!raka# a-a# m!maa dara ma%k k! -ar"#'.
+ ,ar"#'
+
M!#'a&r &"#'ka& k!&!'a#'a# dar" "&a %ara a#' %!-a#&#a m!#'a&r %ara. M!#!r"ma dara dar" $ar"#' d"&!r%ka# k! da-am &rak!a da# m!#!'ah maka#a# da# a"r ma%k k! da-am &rak!a.
1 7aa(ian 3 8 %arka 1 un(si 3 2 %arka 2 7aa(ian 9 2 un(si 3 : %arka
()
=ra"ka# m!ka#"%m! !r#a$a%a# d!#'a# !&- da-am %"&a%" m!#'h!m% #a$a%. Jaapan * (")
;&o& "#&!rko%&a da-am m!#'#
("")
;&o& "#&!rko%&a -ar m!#'!#dr
(""")
Sa#'kar r%k &r# k! aaah da# k! da-am
(")
;&o& d"a$'ra'ma m!#'!#dr da# #a"k k! a&a% !r!#&k kah
()
/%"ad ro#''a &orak% !rkra#'a# da# m!"#'ka&ka# &!ka#a# dara d"da-am#a
(")
>dara d"d!%ak ma%k k! da-am ar+ar 1 ak#a 3 1 %arka : ak#a 5 1 %arka3 : %arka
%!": 2. (a)
Ja#&#' ada-ah %a& or'a# a#' !r$#'%" %!!r&" am m!ka#"kaa#' m!m#a" "#a+"#a da# !r&a#''#'aa m!#'!am darah k! %!-rh ada# m!-a-" da k"&ara# "a"& k"&ara# -mo#ar" da# k"&ara# %"%&!m"k. P!r"ha-ka# a'a"ma#a ro%!% a#' d"-akka# o-!h a#&#' a#' m!#'!am darah m!-a-" %a-ra#+%a-ra# darah ar&!r" da# !#a k! %!-rh ada# da# a-"k %!m-a k! a#&#'.
Jaapan * K"&ara# P-mo#ar" (") ("") (""") (") ()
K"&ara# -mo#ar" ada-ah !#'a-"ra# darah dar"ada a#&#' k! ar+ar da# a-"k %!m-a k! a#&#'. Da-am k"&ara# "#" darah &!rd!ok%"'!# dar" a#&r"k!- ka#a# d"am k! ar+ar m!-a-" ar&!r" -mo#ar". P!r&kara# 'a% aka# !r-ak d" ar+ar d" ma#a karo# d"ok%"da aka# d"!a%ka#. ;k%"'!# -a d"%!ra da# !r'a#' d!#'a# h!mo'-o"# #&k m!m!#&k ok%"h!mo'-o"# "a"& darah !rok%"'!#. Darah !rok%"'!# m!ma%k" a&r"m k"r" m!-a-" !#a -mo#ar" da# ma%k k! !#&r"k!- k"r" m!-a-" "#a "%"d.
K"&ara# S"%&!m"k (") ("")
(""") (")
()
K"&ara# %"%&!m"k ada-ah!#'a-"ra# darah dar"ada a#&#' k! %!ma or'a# ada# da# a-"k %!m-a k! a#&#'. Da-am k"&ara# "#" darah !rok%"'!# d"am dar" !#&r"k!- k"r" k! aor&a #&k d"ha#&ar k! %!-rh a#''o&a ada# k!a-" ar+ ar. P!r&kara# 'a%a aka# !r-ak da-am &"% ada# d" ma#a ok%"h!mo'-o"# d"ra" da# ok%"'!# d"!a%ka# k! &"% ada#. Karo# d"ok%"da dar" &"% ada# d"%!ra da# !r'a#' d!#'a# h!mo'-o"# #&k m!m!#&k karam"#oh!mo'-o"# "a"& darah &!rd!ok%"'!#. Darah &!rd!ok%"'!# dar" %!-rh ada# d"aa a-"k k! a#&#' m!-a-" !#a kaa ma%k k! a&r"m ka#a# da# d"am k! da-am !#&r"k!- ka#a#.
1 uraian ki#aran pu'%$nari 3 1 %arka : uraian ki#aran pu'%$nari 5 1 %arka 3 : %arka 1 uraian ki#aran sis#e%ik 3 1 %arka : uraian ki#aran sis#e%ik 5 1 %arka 3 : %arka : uraian ki#aran pu'%$nari 9 : uraian ki#aran sis#e%ik 3 10%arka
()
*!ka#a# darah &!rha%"- aa"-a darah m!#'!#aka# daa ada aha'"a# da-am %a-ra# darah. *!ka#a# "#" a#' m!#!aka# !r!dara# darah !r-ak !r&!r%a# a-a# a#&ara %a& d!'a# d!#'a# a#' -a"#. (")
J!-a%ka# aakah a#' d"mak%dka# d!#'a# &!ka#a# %"%&o-"k da# &!ka#a# d"a%&o-"k .
Jaapan * *!ka#a# %"%&o-o"k d"ha%"-ka# aa"-a aha'"a# !#&r"k!- a#&#' M!#'# #&k m!#'!-arka# darah k! aor&a a&a ar&!r" -mo#ar".
*!ka#a# darah a#' &"#''" "#" m!mak%a "#a %a"& d" aor&a &!rka da# darah k!-ar dar"ada a#&#'. Pada !r"#'ka& "#" &!ka#a# darah ada-ah &"#''". *!ka#a# d"a%&o-"k &!rha%"- aa"-a k!adaa# !#&r"k!- !r!ha& da# darah m-a m!ma%k" !#&r"k!-. Pada k!&"ka "#" &!ka#a# da-am !#&r"k!ada-ah r!#dah da# "#a "%"d m-a &!rka. 1 uraian sis#$'ik 3 2 %arka 1 uraian dias#$'ik 3 2 %arka 1 uraian sis#$'ik 9 1 uraian dias#$'ik 3 , %arka ("")
("") =ra"ka# $#'%" darah.
a'a"ma#a
%"%&!m
h!mo%&a%"%
m!ma#&
;, %arka< Jaaa#: + m!m!-"hara k!a"ra# darah da-am ar&!r" da# !#a + m!#!'ah k!h"-a#'a# darah ak"a& -ka + m!ma"k" a-"ra# darah %!ma%a ro%!% !#!mha# -ka + d"!r-ka# o-!h koa'-a%" (!m!ka#) #&k m!mo-!hka# darah a"r &!&a m!#'a-"-r + m!ka#"%m! da-am &h a'" m-"#d#'" d"r" dar" k!h"-a#'a# darah
H =ak C"&a K!raaa# Ma-a%"a 2016
