Gestational age relates to the age of an embryo or fetus or fetus (or newborn infant). There is some ambiguity as to how it is defined: defined :[1] •
In embryology embryology,, the term "gestational age" is seldom used because it lacks precision.
The timing of embryonic development starts with fertilization fertilization.. In mammals, this proceeds through uterine implantation , until birth. •
In human obstetrics, gestational age is often defined as the time elapsed since 14
days prior to fertilization. This is approximately the duration since the woman's last menstrual period (LMP) began. There is also a further distinction between the calendar gestational age described here, and the developmental gestational age determined by comparing an embryo or fetus to the average age of others that were at the same stage of development. Unless the exact date of fertilization is known, counting from LMP has been the common method of computing gestational age. [2] It involves the assumption that fertilization in humans typically occurs a consistent period (14 days) from the onset of the LMP. Although this "LMP method" of calculating gestational age is convenient, other methods are in use or have been proposed. proposed .[3] ...Hope this helps ?Do you mean Naegele's rule for calculating EDC/EDD (EDD = LMP - 3 months + 7 days (obviously adjust year accordingly ...Or ?Are you referring to calculating gestational age from LMP
If the mother has a regular period and knows the first day of her last menstrual period," gestational age can be calculated from this date. Gestational age is calculated from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period and not from the date of conception. For women who have irregular menstrual periods or women who cannot remember the first day of their last menstrual period, it can be difficult to determine gestational gestational age using this method. In these cases, an ultrasound exam is often required to determine gestational Pregnancy Association age. American Pregnancy ...or
We also us fundal height OR McDonald's Rule starting at 20 weeks gestation: Measure from .symphysis pubis to top of fundus
Naegele's Rule is named after Franz Karl Naegele (1778–1851), the German obstetrician who devised the rule. Naegele was born July 12, 1778, in Düsseldorf, Germany. In 1806 Naegele became ordinary professor and director of the lying-in hospital in Heidelberg. His "Lehrbuch der Geburtshilfe," published in 1830 for midwives, enjoyed a successful 14 editions.
The rule estimates the expected date of delivery (EDD) (also called EDC, for estimated date of confinement) from the first day of the woman's LMP by adding 1 year, subtracting three months and adding seven days to that date. The result is approximately 280 days (40 weeks) from the LMP. Example: LMP = 8 May 2009 +1 year = 8 May 2010 -3 months = 8 February 2010 +7 days = 15 February 2010 280 days past LMP is found by checking the day of the week of the LMP and adjusting the calculated date to land on the same day of the week. Using the example above, 8 May 2009 is a Tuesday. The calculated date (15 February) is a Friday; adjusting to the closest Tuesday produces 12 February, which is exactly 280 days past 8 May. The calculation method does not always result in a 280 days because not all calendar months are the same length, it does not account for leap years. Parikh's Formula is a calculation method that considers cycle duration. Naegele's Rule assumes an average cycle length of 28 days, which is not true for everyone. EDD is calculated using Parikh's Formula by adding 9 months to LMP, subtracting 21 days, then adding duration of previous cycles. [1] In modern practice, calculators, reference cards, or sliding wheel calculators are used to add 280 days to LMP.
Doctors commonly use "pregnancy wheels" to calculate the date of birth from the lastmenstrual period (LMP). This uses "Naegele's Rule", or: Take the LMP date: add a year, subtract three months, then add seven days. This new date estimates due date. Ex: LMP = 8/1/2007 --- > Due date = 5/7/2008 (you'll notice the rule will fail because 2008 is a leap year - I subtracted 1 day because of February 29.) Age of gestation is simply the number of days that have past from the LMP from the current date. Naegele's rule estimates 280 days [40 weeks] of pregnancy from the LMP, (not 266 days, 38 weeks, since fertilization). 80% of all pregnancies fall within 10 days of this calculation. Confirmation of dates is done with ultrasound in the (ideally) first trimester measuring the crown rump length, etc.
Gestational age is the time measured from the first day of the woman's last menstrual cycle to the current date and is measured in weeks. A pregnancy of normal gestation is approximately 40 weeks, with a normal range of 38 to 42 weeks.
Mcdonald rule in pregnancy? Answer: The Mcdonalds rule in pregnancy is a rough determination of fetal age in weeks compared to uterine/fundal size. It is done by using a measuring tape to measure from the top of the pubic bone to the top of the uterus, where the uppermost part of the protruding belly "meets" the top of the abdomen. It is like you are measuring a "hill" from base to base. The measurements in centimeters usually equals the weeks of gestation, plus or minus 1-3 weeks. for example, if the fundus measures 26 centimeters, then the fetus is about 26 weeks old (23-29 weeks). This is difficult to achieve accurately in obese patients. It is not done quite as much in doctor's offices anymore, because ultrasounds are a little more accurate. It is still a good determination of fetal development that is cheap and easy to perform.
McDonald's rule [mik-don´aldz] the length in centimeters of the abdominal contour from the upper margin of the pubic symphysis to the fundus of the uterus, divided by 3.5, gives the duration of pregnancy in lunar months; applicable only after the sixth month of pregnancy.
McDonald’s Rule rock-climber : The fundal height (McDonald’s Rule) measures the size of the uterus to assess fetal growth and development. The measurement is taken from the top of the mother’s uterus to the top of the pubic bone. For the first 24 weeks, the fundal height is equivalent to fetal growth and development.For example: If a woman is 24 weeks pregnant, the fundal height should be approximately 23-29 cm.
Bartholomews rules in pregnancy? Answer: bartholomew's rule is a method used to determine the estimated age of gestation of pregnancy in relation to the fundic height. in this method all you need to do is to remember 3 landmarks, the symphisis pubis, the umbilicus and the xiphoid process. whenthe fundus is at the level of: symphisis pubis- 12 weeks midway between symphisis pubis and umbilicus- 16 weeks xiphoid process- 36 weeks-38 weeks two fingerbreadths below xiphoid process- below 36 weeks and 40 weeks due to lightening
What is Bartholomew's rule of fourths? Answer: To estimate gestational age clinically from the fundal height. Uterus palpable at pubic symphysis- 12 weeks At umbilicus- 24 weeks At xiphisternum- 36 weeks For every 4 fingerbreadth increase in fundal height from these landmarks, gestational age increases by 4 weeks.
Criteria The five criteria of the Apgar score:
Score of 0
Skin
blue or pale
color /Complexion all over
Pulse rate
Reflex irritability
Absent
no response to stimulation
Score of 1
Score of 2
Component of Acronym
blue at extremities no cyanosis body pink
body and
(acrocyanosis)
extremities pink
<100
≥100
grimace/feeble cry when stimulated
cry or pull away when stimulated
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
flexed arms and Muscle tone
none
some flexion
legs that resist
Activity
extension
Breathing
absent
weak, irregular, gasping
strong, lusty cry Respiration
Interpretation of scores
Mind map showing summary for the Apgar score
The test is generally done at one and five minutes after birth, and may be repeated later if the score is and remains low. Scores 7 and above are generally normal, 4 to 6 fairly low, and 3 and below are generally regarded as critically low. A low score on the one-minute test may show that the neonate requires medical attention[3] but is not necessarily an indication that there will be long-term problems, particularly if there is an improvement by the stage of the five-minute test. If the Apgar score remains below 3 at later times such as 10, 15, or 30 minutes, there is a risk that the child will suffer longer-term neurological damage. There is also a small but significant increase of the risk of cerebral palsy. However, the purpose of the Apgar test is to determine quickly whether a newborn needs immediate medical care; it was not designed to make long-term predictions on a child's health.[1] A score of 10 is uncommon due to the prevalence of transient cyanosis, and is not substantially different from a score of 9. Transient cyanosis is common, particularly in babies born at high altitude. A study comparing babies born in Peru near sea level with babies born at very high altitude (4340 m) found a significant difference in the first but not the second Apgar score. Oxygen saturation (see Pulse oximetry) also was lower at high altitude.[4]
