Frosio 17A Inspection Work & Equipment

Use of instruments

Frosi rosio o 17A Inspe spectio ction n work & equip quipm ment ent

slid slide e#1

Inspection Equipment

Utstyr utlagt


slid slide e#2

Inspection after application After application the following must be checked y

Climatic

conditions (Ventilation,

Temperature and humidity) y

Curing

/ drying of the film

y

Dry fi fillm th thic ickn knes esss (D (DF FT)

y

Adhesion

y

Holi Ho lida day y de dete tect ctio ion n (i (iff re requ quir ired ed))


slid slide e#3

ISO 2808 - 97 Method No.1 Wet film measuring comb

Microns 250

225 200 175 150 125 100

Wet 75

50

25

Steel

Frosio 17A Inspection work & equipment

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paint

ISO 2808 Wet film thickness gauge  Measure wet paint film  Here: 25 microns between the teeth

0459-21

4932-81


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Using

³PIG´ Universal on a ship¶s hull  PIG = Paint Inspection Gauge  Destructive test method  Possible to verify the number of coats applied  Possible to measure the thickness of each individual coat


Cd-4932-100

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PIG Paint Inspection Gauge Mainly for laboratory use

4932-100


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ISO 2808 - 97

Determination of film thickness Method

No. 6:

Magnetic

method

 Magnetic induction principle (Method 6 A)  Permanent magnetic principle (Method 6 B)  Instruments for magnetic, metallic substrates  Calibration must be done in accordance with instructions from the manufacturer

 Before testing the paint system must be properly cured. Frosio 17A Inspection work & equipment

slide # 8

ISO 2808 - 97


No. 7 - Eddy current method

 High frequency electromagnetic instrument  For non-magnetic substrates  Calibration in accordance with the manufacturers instruction


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ISO 2808 - 97


No. 10 - On blast cleaned steel substrates

 Electromagnetic instruments  Calibration on a smooth stee l surface min. 1,2 mm thick  For DFT measurement, not less than 25 and preferably above 50 microns  Number of readings, as a guide: ± 1 reference area: At least 3 readings evenly ± 2 reference areas for every square meter for flat plates ± 4 reference areas for every length for a web ± 2 reference areas every metre length for a flange ± 2 reference areas every metre length for a pipe Frosio 17A Inspection work & equipment

slide # 10

ISO 2808 - Magnetic and electromagnetic Dry film thickness gauges  Dry film thickness gauge  Calibrate on smooth surface to zero and to thickness similar to be measured  Check with your calibration foil frequently  Plastic material foils wear easily. Replace frequently.  No internal memory in gauge


Cd-4932-82

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ISO 2808 - Magnetic and electromagnetic Dry film thickness gauges  Dry film thickness gauge  Calibrate on smooth surface to zero and to thickness similar to be measured  Check with your calibration foil frequently  Plastic material foils wear easily. Replace frequently.  No internal memory in gauge Inspection \ Dryfilmthickness1


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Magnetic and Electromagnetic Dry Film Thickness Gauges  ISO 2808  Dry film thickness gauge  Calibrate on smooth surface to zero and to thickness similar to be measured  Check with your calibration foil frequently  Plastic material foils wear easily. Replace frequently.  Some models have internal memory.

Tørrfilm målere Elektr. Magn.


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SSPC - PA 2

Measuring DFT on small areas Procedure 1.

Area of 10 m2: 5 spot measurements

2.

Each spot measurement: The average of 3 individual readings made on one small area

3.

The average of 5 spot measurements must be within specified range of film thickness

4.

Single spot measurements may be as low as 80% of specified minimum film thickness

5.

Individual readings included in the spot measurements may be less than 80% of minimum thickness


slide # 14

SSPC - PA 2

Number of film thickness measurements Case

Area

Selection of Measurements

1.

10 m2

5 spots (on each spot: 3 measurements)

2.

30 m2

As for case 1 for each 10 m 2

3. 4.

Up

to100 m2

Above 100 m2

Select 3 areas, each of 10 m 2 The first 100 m 2 as for case 3 For each following 100 m 2 select randomly one area of 10 m2

Note: If measurements outside the specification for any 10 m 2 in case 3 or 4 above are found, then each 10 m 2 shall be measured


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Instruments for measuring surface roughness     

Stylus instruments Elcometer Mod. 123 Testex Press-O-film Microscope Comparator ±Rugotest No. 3 ±ISO 8503 etc.


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Surface Roughness acc. to ISO 8503  Example of a reference comparator: Clemco  Surface profile comparator comprising four segments.  Clemco - grit  Clemco shot also available  Check if the profile is according to specification and the paint manufacturer¶s recommendation

Clemco Compartor


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Using

Inspection Tools: Mirror and Flash light

 Visu Visual al in inspec specttion  Importan rtantt to tool ols s tto o be able to inspect areas difficult to access Jan,

Frosi rosio o 17A 17A Inspe nspect ctio ion n work ork & equi equip pmen ment

speil, lykt

slid slide e # 18

ISO ISO 850 8502 2 ± 4 Hum Humid idit ity y Guidance on the estim estimation ation of the probability of condensation prior to paint application 1. 2. 3. 4.

Air temperature % Relative hu humidity Steel temperature Dew point

Steel temperature min. 3 oC above the dew point


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Contact Thermometer  Ele Elect ctro roni nic c ins instr trum ume ent for measuring the steel temperature  Steel temp tempe eratu rature re must be min. 3oC above the dew point  Other types of thermometers are also available. E.g. magnetic thermometers

Steel temperature


slid slide e # 20

Measuring the Relative Humidity  ISO 8502 - 4  Photo: Sling hygrometer for measuring: - Dry temperature - Wet temperature  Measure the temperature in the vicinity of the work  Calculate the relative humidity  Use together with dew point calculator


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Dew Point Calculator  ISO 8502 - 4  For calculation of dew point  To be used together with surface temperature thermometer and sling hygrometer.  Use this frequently during pre-treatment, application and drying of the paint.  Recommendation: Every 6 hours and when weather conditions are changing


slide # 22

Salt Test Equipment - Bresle Test  ISO 8502 - 6 (Sampling)  ISO 8502 - 9 (Conductivity)  Equipment for sampling and measuring content of water soluble salt on substrate  Bresle method

Bresle sett


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How to measure the salt level on a surface  Water soluble salts will be removed by water jetting  Here: The substrate is cleaned at a pressure of 2000 bar  Salt level is measured by the Bresle method  Dissolve the salt inside the frame of the patch  Measure the conductivity of the water sample

For 15 ml sample size, multiply conductivity measured in S by a factor of 6 to get mg salt per m2 Pre-treatment: Wj_saltlevel1


slide # 24

Calculating salt level on the substrate Formula:

(L2 ± L1) x 6 = mg sa lt per m2

L2

= S after cleaning

L1

= S before cleaning

Water sample, ml:

10

15

20

50

Constant in formula: 4

6

8

20


slide # 25

Assessment of Dust on Steel Surfaces Prepared for Painting. ISO 8502-3

Tape

Blast cleaned steel

Approved Not approved


slide # 26


slide # 27

ASTM D 4752-87

Curing test of Zinc - ethylsilicate with MEK.

Glove

Rag

MEK

Rubbing 50 x

No Zinc on the Rag: Cured Approved

A lot of Zinc on Rag: Not cured Further curing / Reblasting


slide # 28

ASTM D 4752-87 MEK curing test of zinc ethyl silicate  Left: One cured and uncured test plate  Right: Uncured zinc over coated. Result: Delamination

0807-2

A-4


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ASTM D 47524752 -87

Curing test of Zinc ± ± ethyl silicate with MEK. Glove

MEK

Rag

Inspection /


Zincsilicate_curing1

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ASTM D 3359-87 Adhesion testing by knife and adhesive tape

 There are two test methods  The method to select depends on the DFT Method A: DFT above 125 microns Method B: DFT below 125 microns (Above 125 if wider cuts are used) Method A: X - cut. Tape test Method B: Cross - cut. Tape test


slide # 31

ASTM 3359-87.

Method B

Adhesion testing  < 50 microns = 1 mm apart (11 cuts)  50 - 125 microns = 2 mm apart (6 cuts)  > 125 microns = Method A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Cuts: 20 mm long Brush with a soft brush Examine Cuts: 20 mm long at 90o on the original cuts Brush with... Tape 75 mm Within 90 + 30 sec. remove tape


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Classification of adhesion test results. Method B. (Example for six parallel cuts). 5B

None

4B

3B

2B

1B

0B

Greater

than 6 5%

5B The edges of the cuts are completely smooth; none of the lattice is detached 4B Small flakes of the coating is detached at intersections: 5% of the area is affected 3B Small flakes of the coating are detached along edges and at intersections of cuts. The area affected is 5 to 15% of the lattice. 2B The coating has flaked along the edges and on parts of the squares. The area affected is 15 to 35% of the lattice. 1B The coating has flaked along the edges of cuts in large ribbons and whole squares have detached. The area affected is 35 to 65 % of the lattice. 0B Flaking and detachment worse than Grade 1B.


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ISO 2409

Cross-cut test Cutting

tool Single bladed knife or Multi-blade cutting tool with 6 cutting edges spaced 1 mm or 2 mm apart

Spacing of cuts 0 - 60 microns: 0 - 60 microns: 60 - 120 microns: 121 - 250 microns:

1 2 3 3

mm mm mm mm

spacing, spacing, spacing, spacing,


hard substrates soft substrates hard/soft substrates hard/soft substrates

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ISO 2409

Cross-cut test Procedure:  Make 6 parallel cuts with defined space in the coating.  Repeat operation, crossing original cuts at 90o so that a grid pattern is formed.  Brush with soft brush.  Apply adhesive tape and pull off.  Classify results in accordance with table 1.


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ISO 2409 Cross cut adhesion test  Cross cut adhesion test  Cut vertical and horizontal lines to form a grid  Apply a strong tape  Pull off the tape  Evaluate according to the standard


Cd-4932-91

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ISO 2409 Cross-cut adhesion test  Left: A good type of cross-cut tool  Right: Evaluation of performed test

0002-002

0002-001


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Classification of Adhesion Test Results. (Example for six parallel cuts). 5B

None

4B

3B

2B

1B

0B

Greater

than 6 5%

5B The edges of the cuts are completely smooth; none of the lattice is detached 4B Small flakes of the coating is detached at intersections: 5% of the area is affected 3B Small flakes of the coating are detached along edges and at intersections of cuts. The area affected is 5 to 15% of the lattice. 2B The coating has flaked along the edges and on parts of the squares. The area affected is 15 to 35% of the lattice. 1B The coating has flaked along the edges of cuts in large ribbons and whole squares have detached. The area affected is 35 to 65 % of the lattice. 0B Flaking and detachment worse than Grade 1B.


slide # 38

ISO 2409 Classification of Cross-cut test Classi-

fication 0 1

Appearance of surface Six parallel cuts

Description Completely

smooth: none of the squares detached Small flakes at the Intersections. Area affected 5 %

2

Flaked along the edges and/or at the Intersections. Area affected: 5-15%

3

Flaked along the edges, wholly in large ribbons, and/or partly or wholly on different parts of the squares. Area affected: 15-35%

4

Flaked along the edges in large ribbons and/or some squares have detached partly or wholly. Area affected: 35-65%

5

Any degree of flaking that cannot even be classified by 4. Frosio 17A Inspection work & equipment

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ISO 2409 Cross cut adhesion test  Cross cut adhesion test  Cut vertical and horizontal lines to form a grid  Apply a strong tape  Pull off the tape  Evaluate according to the standard

Inspection /


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Adhesion_crosscut1

ISO 4624

Pull-off test for adhesion Instruments:

    

Elcometer Adhesion Tester Saeberg Adhesion Tester (pneumatic) Hate Adhesion Tester (hydraulic) PAT Other

Failure:

Adhesion failure: Between coats or between or substrate and 1st coat Cohesion failure: Inside a coat


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ISO 4624

Pull-off test for adhesion Procedure :

    

Test dollies glued onto the coating Adhesive: Cyano-acrylate or solvent free epoxy Remove adhesive and coating around the dollies Pull off test-dollies vertical to the surface Read adhesion value and report the type of fracture

Fractures:  Adhesion failure - fracture between coats or substrate and 1. coat  Cohesion failure - fracture within a coat


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ISO 4624 Pull-off dollies glued to the structure  Pull off adhesion test  Dollies are glued to the structure with a strong glue  Prior to pull-off: Cut around the dolly, through the paint film and down to the substrate material Frosio 17A Inspection work & equipment

Cd-4932-102

slide # 43

ISO 4624 Pull-off testing of paint on a structure  Pull off adhesion test.  Destructive test method  Here, connecting of the device for pulling off the dollies  Read and note the value  Several types of instruments are available


Cd-4932-101

slide # 44

ISO 4624 Area after pull-off testing  Pull off adhesion test  The adhesive failure fracture between coats or between coating and substrate must be evaluated  Note adhesion failure, %  The cohesive failure fracture within the coating- must be evaluated.  Note cohesion failure, %  Also: Note glue failure, %


Cd-4932-103

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ISO 4624 Pull-off dollies glued to the structure  Pull off adhesion test  Dollies are glued to the structure with a strong glue  Prior to pull-off: Cut around the dolly, through the paint film and down to the substrate material  Record the pull-off value  Evaluate the failure Frosio 17A Inspection work & equipment

Inspection / Adhesion_pulloff1

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ASTM G 62 - 85 Method A

Pinhole detection.

Low

voltage.

 Low voltage: < 75 V DC  To detect pinholes, voids or metal particles to be in the range of 25-250 microns.  Effective for paint films up to a DFT of 500 microns if a wetting agent is used in the water.  This is a non-destructive test.


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ASTM G-62-85, method A Low voltage holiday detector  Photo: Low voltage pinhole detector  Detecting pinholes, voids or metal particles in paint film up to 250 microns  Non destructive test method  Will only detect defects down to bare metal  The sponge must be wetted  Do not use excessive water Frosio 17A Inspection work & equipment

Cd-4932-92

slide # 48

ASTM G-62-85, method A Low voltage pinhole detector  Photo: Low voltage pinhole detector  Detecting pinholes, voids or metal particles in paint film up to 250 microns  Non destructive test method  Will only detect defects down to bare metal  The sponge must be wetted  Do not use excessive water

0002-004


slide # 49

ASTM G-62-85, method A Low voltage pinhole detector  Detecting pinholes, voids or metal particles in paint film up to 250 microns  Non destructive test method  Will only detect defects down to bare metal  The sponge must be wetted  Do not use excessive water Frosio 17A Inspection work & equipment

Inspection

slide # 50

/ Pore_detection1

ASTM G 62 Method B

Holiday detection. High voltage:

High

voltage.

900 - 20.000 V

Used to detect pinholes, voids and areas with thin paint films This is a destructive test.


slide # 51

ASTM G-62-85, method B High voltage holiday detector 

Destructive

test method for detecting pinholes, voids and thin spots in paint film  Adjust voltage according to the film thickness or the paint manufacturers recommendation  Gives a light or signal when pinhole or weak point is detected


Cd-4932-93

slide # 52

ASTM G-62-85, method B High voltage holiday detector 

Destructive

test method for detecting pinholes, voids and thin spots in paint film  Adjust voltage according to the film thickness or the paint manufacturers recommendation  Gives a light or signal when pinhole or weak point is detected

 0002-005


slide # 53

ASTM G 62 Method B

Holiday detection. 

High voltage: 900 - 20.000 V



Used



to detect pinholes, voids and areas with thin paint films



This is a destructive test.

High

voltage.

Inspection /


Holiday_detection1

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ISO 12944

General standard for corrosion protection: Paints

and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paints systems. Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part

6 Part 7 Part 8

General introduction. Classification of environments. Design considerations. Types of surface and surface preparation. Protective paint systems. Laboratory performance test methods. Execution and supervision of paint work. Development of specifications for new work and maintenance.


slide # 55

ISO 8504 - 1

General principles

Selection of methods


slide # 56

ISO 8504

Surface preparation methods:

Part 1:

General principles. Part 2: Abrasive blast-cleaning. Part 3: Hand- and power-tool cleaning.


slide # 57

ISO 8504 - 2

Abrasive blast-cleaning

 Methods  Effectiveness  Fields of application


slide # 58

ISO 8504 - 3

Hand and Power-tool Cleaning

 Methods  Equipment to be used  Procedure to be followed


slide # 59

Using

solvents to determine generic type of paint Paint dissolves: Physically drying

Rag soaked with solvent

No reaction: Chemically curing

Steel

2

Lifting/Wrinkling: Oxidatively curing

coat paint


slide # 60

Using

solvents to determine generic type of paint Use a rag soaked with solvent No reaction: Chemically curing Paint dissolves: Physically drying Lifting/Wrinkling:

Inspection /

Oxidatively curing Frosio 17A Inspection work & equipment

slide # 61

Determine_generic1

Standards relating to mechanical properties Property

Standard / Test method

Adhesion (Cross cut) Adhesion (Pull-off)

ISO 2409, DIN 53251, BS 3900-E6, ASTM 3359 ISO 4624, ASTM 4541, BS 3900 - E10

Adhesion (Shear strength)

ASTM D 1002 (Specified for Chartek)

Hardness

ISO 2815

(Buchholz - methode)

Hardness Hardness Elasticiy

ISO 1522 (K ønig - pendel) Barchol ISO 1520 (Cupping test)

Flexibility

ISO 6860 ASTM D 522 BS 3900 - E11 (Conical mandrel)

Impact resistance

ISO/TR 6272 - 79E

ASTM D 2794 - 84

DIN 55669

BS 3900 - E3


slide # 62

Testing and evaluation. marine atmosphere (1 of 2) Test method Physical

Standards

Comments

ISO 2409 ISO 4624 ISO 1510 ISO 1520 ISO 2815 ISO 6272 ISO 2813 ASTM D 4060

Before and after exposure Before and after exposure Before and after exposure Before and after exposure

testing

Adhesion Adhesion Flexibility Elasticity Hardness Impact resistance Gloss Abrasion resistance

Exposure conditions: Saltspray Prohesion test UV-cabinet Condensation chamber Humidity chamber Weathering Resistance to liquids

ISO 7253 or ASTM B 117 ASTM G 53 ISO 6270 BS 3900 ISO 2810 ISO 2812


Oil,

petroleum , etc.

slide # 63

Testing and evaluation. marine atmosphere (2 of 2) Test method

Standards

Comments

Evaluation of paint films Blistering Rust Cracking Flaking Chalking Scribe

ISO 4628/2 ISO 4628/3 ISO 4628/4 ISO 4628/5 ISO 4628/6 ASTM D 1654

Evaluation of the liquid paint Appearance in tin

ISO 2431

Viscosity

ISO 2884

³Flow

Application properties


slide # 64

time´

Abrasion resistance  Weigh the painted sample  Install it in the apparatus and run 1000 cycles  Measure the weight loss

Testing paints \ Abrasion resistance1


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Flexibility test  Use a thin test panel  Measure the paint film thickness  Carry out the impact test on the rear side of the test panel  Determine the highest level of impact load before any crack or defect in the paint film occurs Testing paints \ Flexibility_test1


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Impact test  Use a thick test panel  Measure the paint film thickness  Carry out the impact test on the painted side of the test panel  Determine the highest level of impact load before any crack or defect in the paint film occurs Testing paints \ Impact_test1


slide # 67

Reference area should:  be representative to the remaining area coated with the same system.  be available for inspection at any time.  be marked thoroughly to indicate "ref.area"  not be overcoated


slide # 68

Controlled application  Inspection of: » » » » » »

steelwork cleaning surface preparation (blastcleaning) painting curing completed system


slide # 69

Frosio 17A Inspection Work & Equipment

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