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Preparation of Papers for IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS (June 2003) First A. Author, Second B. Author, Jr., and Third C. Author, Member, IEEE
Inde Index x Term Terms s —A —About bout four four key words or phra phrase sess in alpha alphabe beti tica call orde order, r, sepa separa rate ted d by comm commas. as. For For a list list of suggested keywords, send a blank e-mail to
[email protected] or visit th e IEEE web site at http://www.ieee.org/web/developers/webthes/index.htm .
of your Word window (for example, the style at this point in the document is “Text”). Highlight a section that you want to design designate ate with with a certain certain style, style, then then select select the approp appropria riate te name on the style menu. The style will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do not change the font sizes or line spacing to squeez squeezee more more text text into into a limited limited number number of pages. pages. Use italics for emphasis; do not underline. To inse insert rt image imagess in Word, posi positi tion on the the curs cursor or at the the insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Paste Special | Picture (with “Float over text” unchecked). IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper. If your pape paperr is inte intende nded d for for a conf confer erenc ence, e, pleas pleasee obse observ rvee the the conference page limits.
I. I NTRODUCTION
II.PROCEDURE FOR PAPER SUBMISSION
Abstract
—Th —Thes esee inst instru ruct ctio ions ns give give you you guid guidel elin ines es for for prepar pre paring ing papers papers for IEEE IEEE T RANSACTIONS and JOURNALS . Use this docume document nt as a templa template te if you you are using Microsoft Microsoft Word 6.0 6.0 or late later. r. Othe Otherw rwis ise, e, use use this this docu docume ment nt as an instr instruc uctio tion n set. set. The The elec electr tron onic ic file file of your your pape paperr will will be format formatted ted furt further her at IEEE. IEEE. Define Define all symbols symbols used used in the abstract. Do not cite references in the abstract. Do not delete the blan blank k line line imme immedia diatel tely y abov abovee the abstr abstrac act; t; it sets sets the the footnote at the bottom of this column.
T
HIS document is a template for Microsoft Word versions 6.0 or later. If you are reading a paper version of this docume document, nt, please please downlo download ad the electr electronic onic file, file, TRANSTRANSJOUR.DOC, from http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/transactions/styleshe ets.htm so you can use it to prepare your manuscript. If you would prefer to use LATEX, download IEEE’s LATEX style and sample files from the same Web page. Use these LATEX files files for formatt formatting, ing, but please please follow follow the instru instructio ctions ns in TRANS-JOUR.DOC or TRANS-JOUR.PDF. If your paper is intended for a conference, please contact your conference editor concerning acceptable word processor formats for your particular conference. When When you you open open TRAN TRANSS-JO JOUR UR.D .DOC OC,, sele select ct “Pag “Pagee Layout” from the “View” menu in the menu bar (View | Page Layout), which allows you to see the footnotes. Then type over sections of TRANS-JOUR.DOC or cut and paste from another document and then use markup styles. The pull-down style menu is at the left of the Formatting Toolbar at the top Manuscrip Manuscriptt received received October October 9, 2001. 2001. (Write (Write the date on which which you submitted your paper for review.) This work was supported in part by the U.S. Departme Department nt of Commerce Commerce under Grant Grant BS123456 BS123456 (sponsor (sponsor and financia financiall support support acknowle acknowledgmen dgmentt goes here). here). Paper Paper titles titles should be writte written n in uppercase uppercase and lowercase lowercase letters, letters, not all uppercase. uppercase. Avoid Avoid writing writing long formulas with subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., "Nd–Fe–B"). Do not write "(Invited)" in the title. Full names of authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required. Put a space between authors' initials. F. A. Author is with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA (corresponding author to provide phone: 303-5555555; fax: 303-555-5555; e-mail: author@ boulder.nist.gov). S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He is now with the Departm Department ent of Physics, Physics, Colorado Colorado State State Universit University, y, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA (e-mail: author@lamar. colostate.edu). T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of Colorado, Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave leave from the Nationa Nationall Research Research Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail:
[email protected]).
A. Revie Review w Stage Stage
Please check with your editor on whether to submit your manuscript by hard copy or electronically for review. If hard copy, submit photocopies photocopies such that only one column appears per page. This will give your referees plenty of room to write comment comments. s. Send Send the number of copies copies specif specified ied by you your r editor (typically four). If submitted electronically, find out if your your edit editor or pref prefer erss subm submis issi sion onss on disk disk or as e-ma e-mail il attachments. If you you want want to submi ubmitt you your file ile with with one one colu colum mn electronically, please do the following: --Fi --Firs rst, t, clic click k on the the View View menu menu and and choo choose se Prin Printt Layout. --Second, place your cursor in the first paragraph. Go to the Form Format at menu menu,, choo choose se Colu Column mns, s, choo choose se one colu column mn Layout, Layout, and choose “apply “apply to whole docume document” nt” from from the dropdown menu. --Third, click and drag the right margin bar to just over 4 inches in width. The graphics will stay in the “second” column, but you can drag them to the first column. Make the graphic wider to push out any text that may try to fill in next to the graphic. B. Final Final Sta Stage ge
When you submit your final version, after your paper has been been accepte accepted, d, print print it in two-col two-column umn format format,, includi including ng figures and tables. Send three prints of the paper; two will go to IEEE and one will be retained by the Editor-in-Chief or conference publications chair. You must also send your final manuscript on a disk, which IEEE will use to prepare your paper for publication. Write the author authors’ s’ name namess on the disk disk labe label. l. If you are are usin using g a
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < Macintosh, please save your file on a PC formatted disk, if possible. You may use Zip or CD-ROM disks for large files, or compress files using Compress, Pkzip, Stuffit, or Gzip. Also Also send send a shee sheett of pape paperr with with comp comple lete te cont contac actt information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses, telephone numbers, fax numbers, and e-mail addresses. This information will be used to send each author a comp complim limen entar tary y copy copy of the the jour journa nall in whic which h the the pape paper r appe appeaars. rs. In addi additi tion on,, desi desig gnate nate one one auth author or as the the “corresponding author.” This is the author to whom proofs of the paper will be sent. Proofs are sent to the corresponding author only. C. Figur Figures es
All All table tabless and and figu figure ress will will be proce processe ssed d as imag images es.. However, However, IEEE IEEE cannot cannot extrac extractt the tables and figure figuress embedded in your document. (The figures and tables you insert in your document are only to help you gauge the size of your paper, for the convenience of the referees, and to make make it easy easy for you to distri distribut butee prepri preprints. nts.)) Therefo Therefore, re, submit, on separate sheets of paper, enlarged versions of the tables and figures figures that appear appear in your your docume document. nt. These are the images IEEE will scan and publish with your paper. D. Electronic Electronic Image Files (Optional (Optional))
You will have the greatest control over the appearance of your figures if you are able to prepare electronic image files. If you do not have the required computer skills, just submit paper prints as described above and skip this section. 1) Easies Easiestt Way: Way: If you have have a scan scanne ner, r, the the best best and and quickest quickest way to prepare noncolor figure files is to print your tables tables and figure figuress on paper exactly exactly as you want want them them to appear, scan them, and then save them to a file in PostScript (PS) (PS) or Enca Encaps psula ulate ted d Post PostSc Scri ript pt (EPS (EPS)) form format ats. s. Use Use a separate file for each image. File names should be of the form “fig1.ps” or “fig2.eps.” 2) Slightly Harder Way: Using a scanner as above, save the images in TIFF format. format. High-contras High-contrastt line figures figures and tables should be prepared with 600 dpi resolution and saved with no compression, 1 bit per pixel (monochrome), with file names of the form “fig3.tif” or “table1.tif.” To obtain a 3.45in figure (one-column width) at 600 dpi, the figure requires a horizontal size of 2070 pixels. Typical file sizes will be on the order of 0.5 MB. Photographs and grayscale figures should be prepared with 220 dpi resolution and saved with no compression, 8 bits per pixel pixel (grays (grayscale cale). ). To obtain obtain a 3.45-in 3.45-in figure figure (one-co (one-colum lumn n width) at 220 dpi, the figure should have a horizontal size of 759 pixels. Color figures should be prepared with 400 dpi resolution and saved with no compression, 8 bits per pixel (palette or 256 color). To obtain a 3.45-in figure (one column width) at 400 dpi, the figure should have a horizontal size of 1380 pixels. For For more more info inform rmat atio ion n on TIFF TIFF file files, s, plea please se go to http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/transactions/informat ion.htm and and clic click k on the the link link “Gui “Guide deli line ness for for Auth Author or Supplied Electronic Text and Graphics.” 3) Somewhat Harder Way: If you do not have a scanner,
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you may create create noncolor noncolor PostSc PostScrip riptt figure figuress by “print “printing ing”” them to files. First, download a PostScript printer driver from http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/pdrvwin.htm (for Windows) or from http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/ pdrvmac.htm (for Macinto Macintosh) sh) and instal installl the “Gener “Generic ic PostSc PostScrip riptt Printer Printer”” Word, definition. definition. In paste your figure into a new document. Print to a file using the PostScript printer driver. File names should be of the form “fig5.ps.” Use Adobe Type 1 fonts when creating your figures, if possible. 4) Other Ways: Experienced computer users can convert figures and tables from their original format to TIFF. Some useful image converters are Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw, and Microsoft Photo Editor, an application that is part of Microsoft Office 97 and Office 2000 (look for C:\Program File Files\ s\Co Comm mmon on Fil Files \Mic \Micro roso soft ft Shar Shared ed\\ Pho PhotoEd toEd\\ PHOTOED PHOTOED.EXE. .EXE. (You (You may have have to customcustom-ins instal talll Photo Editor from your original Office disk.) Here is a way to make TIFF image files of tables . First, create your table in Word. Use horizontal lines but no vertical lines. Hide gridlines (Table | Hide Gridlines). Spell check the table table to remove remove any red und underl erlines ines that indicat indicatee spelli spelling ng errors. Adjust magnification (View | Zoom) such that you can view the entire table at maximum area when you select View | Full Screen. Move the cursor so that it is out of the way. Press “Print Screen” on your keyboard; this copies the screen image image to the Window Windowss clipboa clipboard. rd. Open Open Micros Microsoft oft Photo Editor and click Edit | Paste as New Image. Crop the table image image (click (click Select button; button; select select the part you want, then Image Image | Crop). Crop). Adjust Adjust the propertie propertiess of the image image (File (File | Properties) to monochrome (1 bit) and 600 pixels per inch. Resize the image (Image | Resize) to a width of 3.45 inches. Save the file (File | Save As) in TIFF with no compression (click “More” button). Most graphing programs allow you to save graphs in TIFF; however however,, you often have have no contro controll over over compre compressi ssion on or number of bits per pixel. You should open these image files in a progra program m such such as Microsoft Microsoft Photo Editor Editor and re-save them using no compression, either 1 or 8 bits, and either 600 or 220 dpi resolution (File | Properties; Image | Resize). See Secti Section on II-D2 II-D2 for for an expla explana nati tion on of numbe numberr of bits bits and and resolution. If your graphing program cannot export to TIFF, you can use the same technique described for tables in the previous paragraph. A way to convert a figure from Windows Metafile (WMF) to TIFF is to paste it into Microsoft PowerPoint, save it in JPG format, open it with Microsoft Photo Editor or similar converter, and re-save it as TIFF. Microsoft Excel allows you to save spreadsheet charts in Graphics Interchange Format (GIF). To get good resolution, make the Excel charts very large. Then use the “Save as
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TABLE I U NITS FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES Symbol Φ B
Fig. Fig. 1. Magnetiz Magnetizati ation on as a function of applied field. field. Note that “Fig.” is abbrevia abbreviated. ted. There is a period period after after the figure number, followed followed by two spaces. It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure in the caption.
HTML” HTML” feature feature (see (see http://support.microsoft.com/support/ kb/articles/q158/0/79.asp ). You can then convert from GIF to TIFF using Microsoft Photo Editor, for example. No matter how you convert your images, it is a good idea to print the TIFF files to make sure nothing was lost in the conversion. If you you modi modify fy this this docume document nt for for use use with with othe otherr IEEE IEEE journals or conferences, you should save it as type “Word 972000 & 6.0/95 - RTF (*.doc)” so that it can be opened by any version of Word. E. Copyri Copyright ght Form Form
An IEEE IEEE copyrig copyright ht form form should should accompan accompany y you yourr final final submission. You can get a .pdf, .html, or .doc version at http://www.ieee.org/copyright or from the first issues in each volume of the IEEE T RANSACTIONS and JOURNALS. Authors are responsible for obtaining any security clearances.
III. MATH If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | Microsoft Microsoft Equation Equation or MathTyp MathTypee Equatio Equation). n). “Float “Float over over text” should not be selected.
IV. U NITS Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are stro strong ngly ly enco encour urag aged ed.) .) Engl Englis ish h unit unitss may may be used used as secondary units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in data storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm 2 (100 Gb/in 2).” An exception is when English units are used as identifiers in trade, such as “3½ in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do not balance balance dimens dimensiona ionally. lly. If you must use mixed units, units, clearly state the units for each quantity in an equation.
Quantity
H m
magnetic flux magnetic flux density, magnetic induction magn magnet etic ic fiel field d str stren engt gth h magnetic moment
M
magnetization
4πM σ j J
magnetization specif specific ic magne magneti tizat zation ion magnetic dipole moment magn magnet etic ic pola polari riza zati tion on
χ , κ χρ µ
susceptibility mass su susceptibility permeability
µr w, W N, D
relative permeability energy density demagn et etizing factor
Conversion from Gaussian and CGS EMU to SI a 1 Mx → 10−8 Wb = 10−8 V·s 1 G → 10−4 T = 10 −4 Wb/m2 1 Oe Oe → 103/(4π) A/m 1 erg/G = 1 emu → 10−3 A·m2 = 10−3 J/T 1 erg/(G·cm 3) = 1 emu/cm 3 → 103 A/m 1 G → 103/(4π) A/m 1 erg/ erg/(G· (G·g) g) = 1 emu/g emu/g → 1 A·m2/kg 1 erg/G = 1 emu → 4π × 10−10 Wb·m 1 erg/ erg/(G (G·c ·cm m 3) = 1 emu/cm 3 → 4π × 10−4 T 1 → 4π 1 cm3/g → 4π × 10−3 m3/kg 1 → 4π × 10−7 H/m = 4π × 10−7 Wb/(A·m) µ →µr
1 erg/cm 3 → 10−1 J/m3 1 → 1/(4π)
No vertical lines in table. Statements that serve as captions for the entire table do not need footnote letters. a Gaussi Gaussian an units units are the same same as cgs emu for for magnet magnetost ostat atics ics;; Mx = maxwell, G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second, T = tesla, m = meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However, if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux density B or magnetic field strength symbolized symbolized as µ 0 H H . Use 2 the center dot to separate compound units, e.g., “A·m .”
V. HELPFUL HINTS A. Figures Figures and and Table Tabless
Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper, you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions, and tables can be at the end of the paper. Large figures and tables may span both columns. Place figure captions below the figures; place table titles above the tables. If your figure has two parts, include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the artwork. Please verify that the figures and tables you mention in the text actually exist. Please do not include captions as part of the figures. Do not put captions in “text boxes” linke linked d to the the figur figures es.. Do not not put put bord border erss arou around nd the the outside of your figures. Use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning beginning of a senten sentence. ce. Do not abbrevia abbreviate te “Table. “Table.”” Tables are numbered with Roman numerals. Color printing of figures is available, but is billed to the authors (approximately $1300, depending on the number of figures and number of pages containing color). Include a note with with your your fina finall pape paperr indic indicati ating ng that that you you reque request st color color printing. Do not use color unless it is necessary for the proper interpretation interpretation of your figures. If you want reprints of your color article, the reprint order should be submitted promptly. There is an additional charge of $81 per 100 for color reprints.
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Figure Figure axis labels labels are often a source source of confusi confusion. on. Use unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article). words rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity D. Equatio Equations ns “Magnetization,” “Magnetization,” or “Magnetizatio “Magnetization n M ,” , ” not just “ M .” .” Put Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use Fig. Fig. 1, for for exam exampl ple, e, writ writee “Mag “Magne neti tiza zati tion on (A/m (A/m)” )” or the equation editor to create the equation. Then select the “Magnetization (A m−1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes “Equati “Equation” on” markup markup style. style. Press Press the tab key and write the with with a rati ratio o of quan quanti titie tiess and and unit units. s. For For exam example ple,, writ writee equation equation number number in parent parenthese heses. s. To make make you yourr equati equations ons “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.” more more comp compac act, t, you you may may use use the the soli solidu duss ( / ), the the exp exp Multi ultipl pliiers ers can can be espe especi cial ally ly confu onfusi sing ng.. Writ Writee function, functi on, or appropriate appropriat e exponents. expone nts. Use parentheses paren theses to avoid “Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (10 3 A/m).” Do ambiguities ambiguities in denominators. denominators. Punctuate equations when they not write “Magnetization (A/m) × 1000” because the reader are part of a sentence, as in would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant 16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible, r 2 )] F ( r , ϕ ) dr d ϕ =[σ r 2 / ( 2 µ approximately 8 to 12 point type. 0
⋅
∫
0
B. Refer Referen ence cess
∞
⋅ ∫
−1 exp ( −λ | z j − z i | ) λ J 1 ( λ r 2 ) J 0 ( λ r i ) d λ .
Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. The (1) senten sentence ce pun punctua ctuation tion follow followss the bracke brackets ts [2]. [2]. Multip Multiple le references references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate separate brackets brackets Be sure sure that that the the symb symbol olss in your your equa equati tion on have have been been [1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the defi de fine ned d befo be fore re the th e equa eq uati tion on appe ap pear ars s or imme im medi diat atel ely y relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the following. Italicize Italicize symbols symbols ( T might refer to temperature, refe refere renc ncee numb number er,, as in [3]. [3]. Do not not use use “Ref “Ref.. [3]” [3]” or following. but b ut T is the unit un it tesl te sla) a).. Refe Referr to “(1),” “(1),” not not “Eq. “Eq. (1)” (1)” or “ref “refer erenc encee [3]” [3]” exce except pt at the the begin beginni ning ng of a sente sentenc nce: e: “equa “equati tion on (1),” (1),” exce except pt at the the begi beginni nning ng of a sent senten ence: ce: “Reference [3] shows ... .” Unfortunately the IEEE document “Equation “Equatio n (1) is ... .” tran transl slat ator or cann cannot ot handl handlee auto automat matic ic endno endnote tess in Word ; therefore, type the reference list at the end of the paper using E. Other Recommendatio Recommendations ns the “References” style. Use Use one one spac spacee afte afterr peri period odss and and colo colons ns.. Hyph Hyphen enate ate Number Number footnot footnotes es separa separately tely in supers superscri cripts pts (Inse (Insert rt | complex complex modifi modifiers ers:: “zero-f “zero-field ield-cool -cooled ed magneti magnetizati zation.” on.” Footnote). 1 Place Place the actual actual footnot footnotee at the bottom bottom of the Avoid dangling participles, participles, such as, “Using “Using (1), the potential potential colu column mn in whic which h it is cited; cited; do not not put put foot footnot notes es in the the was calculated.” calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see instea instead, d, “The “The potenti potential al was calculate calculated d by using using (1),” (1),” or Table I). “Using (1), we calculated the potential.” Please note that the references references at the end of this document document Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use are in the prefer preferred red referen referencing cing style. style. Give Give all author authors’ s’ “cm 3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm × names; do not use “ et al .” .” unless there are six authors or 0.2 cm,” not “0.1 × 0.2 cm 2.” The abbreviation for “seconds” more. Use a space after authors' authors' initials. Papers that have not is “s,” “s,” not not “sec “sec.” .” Do not not mix mix comp comple lete te spel spelli ling ngss and and been published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers 2 abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m ” or “webers per square that have been submitted for publication should be cited as meter,” not “webers/m 2.” When expressing a range of values, “subm “submit itte ted d for for publ publica icati tion” on” [5]. [5]. Pape Papers rs that that have have been been write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.” accepted for publication, but not yet specified for an issue A pare parenth ntheti etical cal stat statem ement ent at the the end end of a sent senten ence ce is shou should ld be cite cited d as “to “to be publ publis ishe hed” d” [6]. [6]. Plea Please se give give punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A affiliations and addresses for private communications [7]. parenthetical parenthetical sentence is punctuated punctuated within the parentheses.) parentheses.) Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for In Amer Americ ican an Engl Englis ish, h, peri period odss and and comm commas as are are withi within n proper nouns and element symbols. If you are short of space, quotati quotation on marks, marks, like like “this “this period. period.”” Other Other punctuat punctuation ion is you may omit paper titles. However, paper titles are helpful “outside”! Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not” to your readers and are strongly recommended. For papers instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B, and publi publishe shed d in transl translati ation on journa journals, ls, please please give give the English English C” instead of “A, B and C.” citati citation on first, first, follow followed ed by the origin original al foreign foreign-lan -langua guage ge If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or citation [8]. plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We C. Abbreviations Abbreviations and Acronyms Acronyms obse observ rved ed that that ...” ...” inst instea ead d of “It “It was was obse observ rved ed that that ...”). ...”). Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are English, English, please get a native native English-spea English-speaking king colleague to used in the text, even after they have already been defined in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do proofread your paper. not not have have to be defi define ned. d. Abbr Abbrev eviat iatio ions ns that that inco incorp rpor orat atee periods should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES R. S.” Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for 1 It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered the permeability permeability of vacuum µ 0 is zero, not a lowercase letter footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the 0
footnote information into the text.
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“o.” The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the adje adject ctiv ivee is “rem “reman anen ent” t”;; do not not writ writee “rem “remna nanc nce” e” or “remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.” VIII.PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES A graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The The contents of IEEE T RANSACTIONS and JOURNALS are word “alternatively” “alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” “alternately” peer-r peer-revi eviewe ewed d and archiva archival. l. The TRANSACTIONS publishes (unless you really mean something that alternates). Use the schol scholar arly ly arti articl cles es of arch archiv ival al valu valuee as well well as tutor tutorial ial word “whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring exposit expositions ions and critic critical al review reviewss of classi classical cal subjec subjects ts and to simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to topics of current interest. mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word Authors should consider the following points: “issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When compositions 1) Technic Technical al papers papers submitte submitted d for publicat publication ion must must advance advance are not specified, specified, separate chemical symbols symbols by en-dashes; en-dashes; the state of knowledge and must cite relevant prior work. for example, “NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound 2) The length length of of a submitt submitted ed paper paper should should be commen commensur surate ate Ni0.5Mn0.5 wher wherea eass “Ni–M “Ni–Mn” n” indi indica cate tess an allo alloy y of some some with the importance, or appropriate to the complexity, of composition Ni xMn1-x. the the work work.. For For exam exampl ple, e, an obvi obviou ouss exte extens nsio ion n of Be aware aware of the differ different ent meaning meaningss of the homophone homophoness previously published work might not be appropriate for “affec “affect” t” (usuall (usually y a verb) verb) and “effect “effect”” (usual (usually ly a nou noun), n), publication or might be adequately treated in just a few “complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and “discrete,” pages. “principal” “principal” (e.g., “principal “principal investigator” investigator”)) and “principle” “principle” 3) Auth Author orss must must conv convin ince ce both both peer peer revi review ewer erss and and the the (e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply” editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper; and “infer.” the standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or Pref Prefix ixes es such such as “non, “non,”” “sub “sub,” ,” “mic “micro ro,” ,” “mult “multi,” i,” and and unexpected results are reported. “"ultra” are not independent words; they should be joined to 4) Becau Because se repl replic icati ation on is requi require red d for for scie scienti ntific fic progr progres ess, s, the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is no papers submitted for publication must provide sufficient period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “ et al. ” (it is info inform rmat atio ion n to allo allow w read reader erss to perf perfor orm m simi simila lar r also italicized). 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> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR PAPER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < R EFERENCES EFERENCES [1] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics (Book style with paper title and editor),” in Plastics, 2nd ed. vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64. [2] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems (Book style). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135. [3] H. Poor, An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation. New York: Springer-Verlag, Springer-Verlag, 1985, ch. 4. [4] B. Smith Smith,, “An approa approach ch to graphs graphs of linea linearr forms forms (Unpub (Unpubli lishe shed d work style),” unpublished. [5] E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays (Periodical style—Accepted for publication),” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., to be published. [6] J. Wang, “Fundamentals of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers arrays (Periodical style—Submitted for publication),” IEEE J. Quantum Electron., submitted for publication. [7] C. J. 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