XOKI KOXKBK
Bkrpltk Jgoavak
Kiajko Kfuaokr F.
KI]LBLMLI]LR XOKI KOXKBK
KIAJKO KF\AOKZ KF\AOKZ FG@L^ FG@L^
KI]LBLMLI]LR XOKI KOXKBK
KIAJKO KF\AOKZ KF\AOKZ FG@L^ FG@L^
OK MLI\IBAK Z L E O L T A G I L R G X ] A B K
M L R M L
O K
J G O A U A K I K X G Z
K I A J K O
K ogs ;88 kûgs ml ok pármamk ml iulstrk bgstk mlo Xkbàeabg li ;161, ui pktragtk jgoavakig, kjgfkmg okjgrastk, bgisuotgr ml ok Grfkiazkbaòi Aitlrikbagiko ml ]rkjkng (GA]) y @aiastrg ml ]rkjkng, Xrlvasaòi Rgbako y Rkoum Xþjoabk, kml`ës ml Bkibaoolr k.a. li ok mábkmk ml ogs kûgs <2 ko 5=, Mlbkig ml ok ekbuotkm ml Mlrlbdg l aitlrikbagikoastk, mlelisgr ml ogs trkjknkmgrls jgoavakigs y kslsgr ml grfkiazkbagils okjgrkols, kutgr ml oks olyls mlo trkjkng y ml slfuramkm sgbako li Jgoavak, prlslitò uik bgituimlitl mliuibak, kblrbk ml ok lxastlibak ml ui "Xoki Kopkbk y ok bkrpltk Jgoavak".
K F \ A O K Z
F G @ L ^
LO OAJZG Lo mgbtgr Kiàjko Kfuaokr Xlûkrraltk, tuvg ok vasaòi y gpgrtuiamkm ml mliuibakr li vkrags `lmags ml bg`uiabkbaòi bg`g lo Makrag, Xrlslibak, lo Rl`kikrag "Kquà" marafamg pgr Ouàs Lspaiko y gtrgs, ok lxastlibak ml ui "Xoki flgpgoàtabg" mlig`aikmg "KOXKBK", maslûkmg pgr Xaigbdlt mabtkmgr ml Bdaol, li ogs kûgs ;168s. Xgstlragr`litl pujoabk ui oajrg li lo lxaoag `lxabkig murkitl ok mabtkmurk ml Ouàs Fkrbàk @lzk, su oajrg "Ikrbgtrëeabg y Xgoàtabk", lo buko eul lsbratg, bg`jaikimg sus okjgrls ml mgblitl li ok \iavlrsamkm Gjrlrk ml Bulrikvkbk bgi ok sastl`ktazkbaòi ml a`pgrtkitl aiegr`kbaòi lstrktáfabk prgpgrbagikmk pgr @aoatkrls pktragtks, bg`g lo Lx Rlbrltkrag ml Bgsmlik Frko. Nuki Xlrlz ]kpak, y gtrgs, li ok buko mliuibak sastl`ëtabk`litl ogs mltkools mlo Xoki Kopkbk, mliuibak li lo oajrg "ikrbgtrëeabg Xgoàtabk" mktgs y mgbu`litgs qul kpruljki ok vlrkbamkm ml sus kear`kbagils. Lstks mliuibaks ig sl dki pgmamg mls`litar murkitl `ës ml mgs mábkmks pgr pkrtl mlo Lstkmg bdaolig y ogs `aoatkrls bdaoligs.
KJZK^G BDKZKÛK Bgifrulitl bgi lstk mliuibak, lo 6 ml `krzg ml ;161, lo Mr Kfuaokr Xlûkrraltk aiabak kitl ok Bgrtl Ruprl`k ml ok Ikbaòi ui nuabag bgitrk lo lx-prlsamlitl ml ekbtg Frko. Dufg Jkizlr y su sublsgr, Frko. Nuki Xlrlmk Ksjþi, y ogs lx-l`jknkmgrls ml Jgoavak li Bdaol, slûgrls Fuaoolr`g Futaárrlz y Kmkojlrtg Uagokim, pgr mloatgs bg`ltamgs li lo lnlrbabag ml sus euibagils l aieoulibaks mlo pgmlr, pgr lo mloatg ml trkabaòi k ok pktrak, pgr ok prgpulstk ml bkinl tlrratgrako ml ogs Oàplz pgr ui plqulûg bgrrlmgr li Krabk .
RAF\ALIMG LO LNL@XOG
Ok olbturk ml ogs mgbu`litgs ml ok vkoalitl mliuibak li :88;, `gtavò qul ui frupg ml pktragtks jgoavakigs rltg`l lo lnl`pog mlo Mr. Kfuaokr Xlûkrraltk, pgr og buko a`puoskrgi oks rlmls baumkmkiks "Fks pkrk Jgoavak", li ok oubdk pgr a`plmar qul lo fks ikturko jgoavakig slk litrlfkmg k ok vgrkbamkm ml ok flgpgoàtabk bdaolik, mlsml ok gpbaòi k ok litrlfk mlo fks k Bdaol pgr Ngrfl "]utg" [uargfk (slfþi Okfgs ok lxastlibak ml kbulrmgs bgibrltgs bgi ]utg) dkstk gbtujrl :882. Bgi ok skoamk ml Fgia, oks rleolxagils mlo Mr. Kfuaokr aisparkrgi ok mlelisk ml ok pktrak, lstk vkoalitl mliuibak aisparò oks `gvaoazkbagils ml :88; ko :882, buo`aikimg li ok ook`kmk fulrrk mlo fks, k trkvás ml ok rlm fks pkrk jgoavak y ok oubdk ml tgmg ui puljog, nustg dg`liknl ko pktragtk mr kfuaokr plûkrraltk.
XOKI K O X K B K
O G R
X G Z
G Z A F L I L R
K I A J K O
K F \ A O K Z
F G @ L ^
DAR]GZAK ;6<8-;4:<, ok bgitrajubaòi ml ogs gjoafkmgs mgiml ok Bkpatkiàk ml Ukopkrkàsg vavàk mlo mailrg mlo Kotg Xlrþ ;4:1-;421, Kimrás ml Rkitk Bruz, lierlitk k Malfg Xgrtkols, buyk tlsas ls ok ml mlstruar ok bgogsko gjrk Bgielmlrkbaòi Xlrþ y Jgoavak, G½dafuais oajlrtkmgr ml Bdaol kpgyk k Rkitk Bruz. Lnlrbatg ml Bdaol mlspuás ml mlrrgtk ml pkubkrpktk, bgi kpgyg ml trkamgrls prg`ulvl ok mlrrgtk ml skitk bruz li yuifky. ;4=8-;4<< @kiulo Asamgrg Jlozu, prg`gvaò ok aimustrakoazkbaòi, eul kslsaikmg bgi bggplrkbaòi Bdaol, pgr trkamgr `lofkrlng ;45=-;46;, @krakig @lofkrlng, mabtkmgr mabtk oks olyls ml lx vaibuokbaòi, jgrrk ergitlrks bgi bdaol y litrlfk tlrratgrag k lsl pkàs, ig`jrk slbrltkrag bdaolig wkoclr `krtailz bg`g bg`kimkitl y l`jknkmgr bdaolig bg`g poliapgtlibakrag jgoavakig li skitakfg ;4661-;44; Fulrrk mlo Xkbàeabg ;18= A`pgsabaòi mlo ]rktkmg y litrlfk tlrratgrag ;1<5 Golkmubtg Rabk Rabk Krabk ;16;-;166 Mabtkmurk Jkizlr Kjrkzg Bdkrkûk ;161 Jgybgt k Jgoavak Ksk`jolk GLK, Fgopl ;161 Mliuibak Xoki Kopkbk :888-:882 Fulrrk mlo Fks, bgitrk lxpgrtkbaòi :88= mliuibak Brgktks pgr Zlm fks Jgoavak :885 - :884 Bksg Zgszks, kekils ml jkobkiazkbaòi :8;8 Xoki Jgrrkr ergitlrks :8;5 Xokils ml rlkbtavkbaòi Xoki Kopkbk
flgpgoatabk paigbdlt ]LRAR ML JGOAUAK bg`g LZZGZ Q KBBAMLI]L Kufustg Xaigbdlt li su DAR]ÒZABG oajrg Flgpgoatabk, sl jksk li oks tlgraks ml Zktzlo y Dkusdgeelr, qualils pokitlki qul lo Lstkmg ls ui Grfkias`g vavg. Xaigbdlt sai jksl balitàeabk pokitlk qul Jgoavak y Xlrþ sgi ui RLJKR]AKI kbbamlitl flgfrëeabg y ui XAÛLAZK L@\OG lrrgr dastòrabg, pokitlk qul ML XAIGBDL] mljl mlskpkrlblr. ZL]G@K OKR tlsas ]LRAR K ]ZKUÁR BDAOL0DLKZ]OKIM ML OKR XLZÞ Q MAZLB]AUKR ML JGOAUAK0DAI]LZOKIM MLELIRK BDAOL JKRL XOKI KOXKBK
‟Bk`aikrl`gs nuitgs li ok frki tkrlk dastòrabk ml K`árabk Oktaik‐ Kiajko Kfuaokr Fg`l Ogs olitls ml Kooliml.
Iaifþi ook`kmg sgbakoastk ml Bdaol kbtuko, aibouamk Jkbdlolt y su bkiblrjlrg Dlrkomg "Ilfrg" @uûgz,, ls bkpkz ml pgrtkr ogs olitls ml Rkovkmgr Kooliml, dki kmgptkmg ok jrutko vasaòi ml Kufustg Xaigbdlt y trkabagikmg ok @l`grak mlo Xrlsamlitl Kooliml.Li ok a`kfli qul kmnuitk`gs sl kprlbaki ogs boësabgs olitls mlo Xrlsamlitl @ërtar y dárgl ml Jgoavak, lstgs olitls qul pgrtò lo Xrlsamlitl dkstk su `ulrtl, bg`jktalimg li ok @gilmk bgitrk Xaigbdlt y sus tl`ajols trgpks ml kskotg l`uokimg k oks RR, ogs olitls rleolnki qul `uraò pgr uik bkusk nustk, tuvg li su vamk y su `ulrtl uik vasaòi nustk, prgburò rlstkurkr li Bdaol ogs sulûgs ml Gdaffais y ogs oubdkmgrls ml ok aimlplimlibak, mlstruamgs pgr ok oòfabk pgrtkoakik, l`uokmk pgr Xaigbdlt y Xaûlark. Kooliml y lo @kr pkrk Jgoavak Litrl lstks bkusk nustks qul Kooliml mlelimaò y ls su dlrlibak> l`lrfl bg`g Bam Bk`plkmgr Rkovkmgr Kooliml pkrk olvkitkrsl pgr ok bkusk nustk ml Jgoavak, su mlrlbdg ko @kr, erustrkmg pgr ogs paigbdltastks ml kylr y dgy. Lstgs olitls rleolnki su bgrrlbtk vasaòi ml ok dastgrak y ml ok uiamkm ml ogs puljogs. Lo sulûg ml Gdaffais, gjvak`litl lrk lo ml ok uiamkm ml ogs puljogs, su mlbokrkbaòi li ekvgr mlo @krasbko Kimrás ml Rkitk Bruz y Bkokdu`kik, kpgykimg su oubdk pktraòtabk pgr \iar lo Kotg y Lo Jkng Xlrþ, li lo egimg tliak pgr gjnltavg kmvlrtar qul ogs "ploubgils, Lstkqulrgs" ok Goafkrquak bg`lrbakitl ml Bdaol qul a`puosg k Malfg ml Xgrtkols, li rlkoamkm qulrak mlstruar ok uiamkm egrnkmk li oks oubdks pgr ok aimlplimlibak, tlr`aikr bgi oks bgrralitls aimlplmlitastks y ml ogs kekils trkisegr`kmgrls ml ogs oubdkmgrls pgr ok aimlplimlibak, pkrk sa`pol`litl kprgpakrsl ml oks iulvks pktraks sumk`lrabkiks, mavamar k ogs kitafugs bk`krkmks ml kr`ks y ml sulûgs bg`uils. Xgr loog Kooliml rlprlslitò og `ës skig y nustg ml ok Uasaòi ml ogs trkjknkmgrls y lo puljog bdaolig. Kooliml y lo @kr ml Jgoavak Kooliml l ui litrlvastk bgi Ilstgr ]kjgkmk ]lrëi dkjàk kear`kmg> "Bk`aikrl`gs nuitgs li ok frki tkrlk dastòrabk ml K`árabk Oktaik. Dk oolfkmg ok dgrk ml ok frki rlpkrkbaòi ml uik ainustabak bg`ltamk bgitrk Jgoavak. Bdaol talil uik blitlikrak mlumk bgi Jgoavak y lstk`gs maspulstgs k l`prlimlr uik sgoubaòi dastòrabk. Jgoavak rltgrikrë sgjlrkik k oks bgstks mlo Xkbàeabg'. Kooliml dkjàk kear`kmg ‟Ig sl pulml bgimlikr k ui puljog k bkmlik plrpltuk. Kdgrk ig sg`gs fgjalrig ml ok goafkrquàk `aigratkrak, sg`gs lo puljog. Ig igs fuàki aitlrlsls ml ok boksl mg`aikitl. IG ol plma`gs ikmk ko sueramg puljog trkjknkmgr jgoavakig, qulrl`gs sgok`litl rlpkrkr lo mlspgng brulo mlo qul dk samg vàbta`k. Jusbg litlima`alitg ml ogs puljogs dlr`kigs li lo `utug rlspltg y li ok pkz‐, lxprlsò. Kooliml ui sgbakoastk bdaolig `uy, plrg `uy mastaitg k ogs qul kbtuko`litl gbupki ok Bksk ml Ok @gilmk. Xaigbdlt erustrò ok vamk y ogs sulûgs ml \iamkm Oktaigk`lrabkik.Kooliml tliak uik vasaòi igjol, ui skig kidlog y rlpkrkmgr ml ogs mkûgs prgmubamgs pgr ok goafkrquak bdaolik, kuspabakmk pgr Frki Jrltkûk li ;461, qul ig pumg bu`poarsl, pgr ok vagolitk y mrk`ëtabk egr`k bgi qul ogs `aoatkrls bdaoligs libkjlzkmgs pgr Xaigbdlt truibkrgi ok vamk mlo Xrlsamlitl y ml ok lsplrkizk jgoavakik. KOOLIML BGIRAMLZG [\L \I X\LJOG [\L LRBOKUA^K K G]ZG X\LJOG IG LR OAJZL. Jusbg lo litlima`alitg ml ogs puljogs dlr`kigs li lo `utug rlspltg y li ok pkz qul igs libk`aik k sgoubagils mlo safog vliamlrg'. KOOLIML MLNG \I OLFKMG XÈZK DAR]GZAK ‟Li lstl poki ml rlpkrkbaòi ml ainustabaks, tk`jaái dl rlsulotg qul lo dlr`kig pkàs ml Jgoavak rltgril ko `kr. Rl kbkjl lo libalrrg qul suerl mlsml ;461 pgr buopk ml ok aitrg`asaòi mlo a`plrakoas`g aifoás. Ig sl pulml bgimlikr k ui puljog k bkmlik plrpltuk…\i puljog qul lsbokvazk k gtrg puljog ig ls oajrl‐. ¡Jgoavak rltgrikrë sgjlrkik k oks bgstks mlo @kr Xkbàeabg! ¡Kdgrk ig sg`gs fgjalrig ml ok goafkrquàk `aigratkrak, sg`gs puljog! ¡Ig igs fuàki aitlrlsls ml boksl mg`aikitl! ¡Ig ol plma`gs ikmk ko puljog jgoavakig, talili qul litlimlrigs, qulrl`gs sgok`litl rlpkrkr lo mlspgng brulo mlo qul dk samg vàbta`k. Jusbg lo litlima`alitg ml ogs puljogs dlr`kigs li lo `utug rlspltg y li ok pkz…‐ Bukitg fkikràk Oktaigk`lrabk sa kofþi "sgbakoastk" pgmràk bkozkr ogs olitls ml kooliml y vgovl r k tlilr sl`lnkitl vasaòi.
qul lrk lo poki kopkbk
·[\L ]ZK]K LO XOKI KOXKBK" LI OK BKZXL]K JGOAUAK Q R\ AIBZLÀJOL KB]\KOAMKM7 Bgisastl li ok pliltrkbaòi sastl`ëtabk ml baumkmkigs bdaoligs ml ogs bukols ui juli pgrblitknl sl bgiblitrkràk li kbbagils ml aitloaflibak lstrktáfabk, aisparkmgs li ok tlsas ml Kufustg Xaigbdlt. Zlbgrml`gs qul murkitl lo kûg ;165 lo Mabtkmgr Dufg Jkizlr li lo kjrkzg ml Bdkrkûk, sloog lo kbulrmg pkrk lo bkinl tlrratgrako. Ngrfl [uargfk ml kbulrmg ko Bgisuo ml Bdaol dkjràk rltg`kmg lstks ilfgbakbagils, slbrltk`litl, pkrk litrlfkr tlrratgrag jgoavakig k Bdaol
·[ul bg`prliml7 ;. Xoki ml pliltrkbaòi li tgmks oks lselrks y ë`jatgs mlo Lstkmg jgoavakig :. Zlolvkitk`alitg mlo tlrratgrag, bkrrltlrks l aiegr`kbaòi lstrktáfabk ml Jgoavak. 2. Mlstrubbaòi sastl`ëtabk ml aistatubagils jgoavakiks. =. Xliltrkbaòi li grfkiazkbagils jgoavakiks, pkrk qul kblptli lo bkinl tlrratgrako g pliltrkbaòi lstrktáfabk qul dkfk qul Bdaol Bgitrgol rlbursgs lstrktáfabgs, pkrk og buko ls ilblskrag fkikr k ok pgjokbaòi. <. Aitlitg ml flilrko bgieoabtg aitlrig y litrl rlfagils li Jgoavak pkrk prg`gvlr uik aitlrvlibaòi lxtlrik. 5.- Jkobkiazkbaòi g pgogiazkbaòi ml Jgoavak, pkrk erkf`litkr ok Ikbaòi. 6.- A`plmar ok aimustrakoazkbaòi ml Jgoavak y trktkr ml qul oks `ktlraks pra`ks sl lxpgrtli sai vkogr l aimustrakoabli li Bdaol
mliuibak poki Kopkbk Eul aibrlàjol, li lsk gpgrtuiamkm ML OK ml ok prlslitkbaòi mlo XOKI KOXKBK, qul ok mliuibak mlo Mr. Kfuaokr eulrk bgiear`kmk pgr lo Frko. Nuki Xárlz ]kpak, qul li su bgimabaòi ml Rlbrltkrag Xlr`kilitl mlo Bgislng ml ok Mlelisk Ikbagiko BGRMLIK, mlskrrgooò lstumags qul mltlr`aikrgi qul ok aitloaflibak lstrktáfabk ml Bdaol dkjàk pliltrkmg oks aistatubagils jgoavakiks, mlsml lo Rur dkstk lo blitrg ok slml ml Fgjalrig.
BG@XGILI]LR XOKI KOXKBK \i kûg kitls mlo báoljrl "kjrkzg ml Bdkrkûk" y ui `ls kitls ml ok rluiaòi ml Jrksao g slk lilrg ml ;16=, ogs slrvabags slbrltgs ml lspagiknl y bgitrklspagiknl ml oks Eulrzks Kr`kmks Bdaoliks rlbajàki uik "Grmli mlo Màk" li ok qul sl maspgiàk ok egr`kbaòi ml uik bþpuok ml aitloaflibak lstrktáfabk pkrk pokiaeabkr, mkr slfua`alitg y marafar tgmks oks kbtavamkmls ml aiegr`kbaòi lstrktáfabk ml AI]LOAFLIBAK lxbousavks li Jgoavak. Lstk pra`lrk `lmamk mkjk lo aiabag ml trkjkng ml lspagiknl qul lo fgjalrig ml Xaigbdlt ajk k aistkokr li pkrtl ml ogs pkàsls mlo bgig sur, pkrtabuokr`litl li Krflitaik, Xlrþ y Jgoavak, bgi ogs bukols sl mlskrrgookjk li lo `krbg mlo Xoki Bòimgr, kbbagils bggrmaikmks, sai l`jkrfg, sl grfkiazkrgi gtrks kbbagils lstrktáfabks pkrk ogfrkr lo bgitrgo ml Jgoavak.
Li og qul sl rlealrl k iulstrg pkàs, ogs lstrktlfks mlo lnárbatg y lo lspagiknl bdaolig bg`lizkrgi k rlboutkr y litrlikr kprgxa`kmk`litl k <88 plrsgiks, ogs bukols eulrgi lsbgfamgs litrl ogs `ës prlstafagsgs tábiabgs y lsplbakoastks `aoatkrls y bavaols, l`polëimgsl li ok prlpkrkbaòi ml lstgs "lspàks" k lxtrkinlrgs ml vkraks ikbagikoamkmls jkng, lo kslsgrk`alitg y kvko ml ui kotg geabako ml slrvabags lsplbakoazkmgs.
OGR LR]\MAGR AI]LFZKOLR ML BDAOL, K OGR ]LZZA]GZAGR ML JGOAUAK
Rl ksafikjki lo `lbkias`g slbrltg ml aiegr`kbaòi l Aitloaflibak bdaolik, pkrk su lelbtavk okjgr, ok su`k ml [\AIALI]GR @AO MÒOKZLR @LIR\KOLR, kml`ës ml ok bggplrkbaòi ml tgmg ogs slrvabags mlo Lstkmg, pkrk qul sl dkfki lstumags aitlfrkols li tgmgs sus ksplbtgs ml oks ërlks tlrratgrakols, ml `kygr aitlrás pkrk Bdaol. Mljalimg bg`prg`ltlr ok aivlstafkbaòi y mltlr`aikbaòi ml ërlks, pgjokbaòi, boa`k, grgfrkeàk, damrgfrkeàk, prgmubbaòi kfrgplbukrak, `ailrk, aieoulibak y pgsajaoamkmls ml bg`uiabkbagils mlitrg ml Jgoavak y dkbak Bdaol, rlfaòi pgr rlfaòi, oufkr pgr oufkr kml`ës ml bgislfuar pliltrkr ogs ë`jatgs ml kotg, `lmag y jkng iavlo ml tgmk Jgoavak. Ogs trkjkngs aitlfrkols ml lstumag pgr pkrtl ml Bdaol dkbak iulstrg tlrratgrag sl rlkoazkrgi li oks safualitls rlfagils> Mlpkrtk`litg ml Ok Xkz, lsplbako`litl ërlks ml ergitlrk, ok rlfaòi mlo Okfg ]atabkbk, Ogs Oàplz li Xgtgsà y k ok qul ok mapog`kbak bdaolik ol mk `kygr pragramkm pkrk ui trulqul, ]krank, Grurg, Xgtgsà y Rkitk Bruz.
Xkrk ogfrkr lstumags mltkookmgs mlo tlrratgrag jgoavakig, sl utaoazkrgi kvagils lsplbakols ml vulog k jknk y frki koturk, mgtkmgs bgi aistru`litgs sgeastabkmgs, pkrk bgislfuar ml lstk `kilrk `ës ml 28 `ao lxpgsabagils ml oks rlfagils `libagikmks, ksa`as`g, sl egr`krgi `ës ml bali frupgs ml aivlstafkbagils lsplbakols `uotamasbapoaikrag, pkrk qul prlslitli lstumags mlo pgtlibako lbgiò`abg, pgoàtabg, sgbako y ogs vlbtgrls FLGXGOA]ABGR ml oks rlfagils kigtkmks3 frupgs ml `aoatkrls ml `gitkûk lxk`aikrgi mltliamk`litl ok bgrmaoolrk Gbbamlitko, ksà bg`g frupgs `axtgs ml bavaols y `aoatkrls, `a`ltazkmg bg`g bg`lrbakitls, Aimustrakols, krtastks, aivlrsagiastks y dkstk bgitrkjkimastks, dabalrgi oks aivlstafkbagils ml iulstrg tlrratgrag, pgjokbaòi y ekbtgrls psabgsgbakols, mltlr`aikrgi `ës ml :8 puitgs ml kbblsg k tlrratgrag jgoavakig sai bgrrlr ploafrg.
XAIGBDL] LTK@AIK MK]GR JGOAUAK Ogs mgbu`litgs aiegr`ktavgs y tábiabgs ml Jgoavak bkptkmgs bg`g pkrtl mlo Xoki Kopkbk, eulrgi kbu`uokmgs slbrltk`litl li :88 vgoþ`lils bgi `aols ml frëeabgs, `kpks, pokigs, brgquas, egtgfrkeàks, ploàbuoks, kml`ës ml kjuimkitl oatlrkturk tábiabk y lsplbakoazkmk ml oks rlfagils jgoavakiks, qul sgi bgitaiuk`litl prgblskmks (dkstk lo màk ml dgy, vlr ogs vaknls mlo Kobkoml ml Aquaqul k quali lo RIB litrlfò `kpks ml bkrrltlrks).
LO XOKI LI @KZBDK Lo mlig`aikmg Xoki Kopkbk Bokvl bgi qul sl bgigbàk li ogs blitrgs ml aiegr`kbaòi l aitloaflibak bgieamlibako y ok "Bkrtlrk Jgoavak", bokvl mlitrg ml oks lselrks tk`jaái slbrltks ml ok aitloaflibak y bkibaoolràk bdaolik lstkjk li `krbdk, kuiqul dkbàk ekotk bgitkr bgi ok bgokjgrkbaòi ml kofuigs jgoavakigs, pkrk og buko sl pumalrgi tg`kr bgitkbtgs k tgmg iavlo, ogfrkimg ok pkrtabapkbaòi ml uigs pgbgs, qualils marlbtk`litl g aimarlbtk`litl mlsml mavlrsks lselrks ml fgjalrig rlprlslitkjki k ok quaitk bgou`ik aibrustkmk li oufkrls bokvls ml iulstrk lbgig`àk, kbtavamkmls ml slfuramkm aitlrik y frupgs l`prlskrakols. Ok bggplrkbaòi mlo fgjalrig mabtktgrako, litrlfkimg jgoavakigs k Bdaol, qualils sl aitlrrgfkjk ig pgr tl`ks pgoàtabgs, saig sgjrl su bgigba`alitg ml Jgoavak.
JGOAUAKIGR KI]ABDAOLIGR RGI EABDKMGR Rlfþi lo "poki kopkbk", sl dki lelbtukmg `ës ml `lmag `aookr ml eaoakbagils bg`poltks ml jgoavakigs igtkjols qul talili aieoulibak li ok gpaiaòi pþjoabk y qul sgi bgitrkrags ko bkinl g trulqul tlrratgrako, litrl loogs sl libulitrk bksa li su tgtkoamkm marlbtgrls y plragmastks ml òrfkigs y prlisk lsbratk y grko. Ksà `as`g, sl dk prg`gvamg mlitrg lo ksplbtg `afrktgrag lo aifrlsg Jgoavak ml 58.888 sþjmatgs bdaoligs, maelrlitls iavlols y bkpkbamkmls, ml ogs bukols dkstk lo pkskmg kûg sl libgitrkjki li tlrratgrag ikbagiko blrbk ml =<.888. (Ls a`prlsagikitl vlr qul li ok rlegr`k bgistatubagiko slk k pragrazkmg lo tl`k ml ok ikbagikoamkm krtàbuog 24). Lo ksplbtg pra`grmako mlo lspagiknl bdaolig> "Ok Bgogiak ml bdaoligs aitlfrkols" pkrk ogfrkr pliltrkr li ogs maelrlitls bk`pgs ml ok kbtavamkm sgbako, lbgig`àk y sgbako (slfþi aiegr`kbaòi pgstlragr ok rlegr`k lmubktavk, oks uiavlrsamkmls, `klstràk sa mapog`kmgs dki samg oufkrls pravaolfakmgs, kpgykmgs pgr kutgramkmls jgoavakik y frupgs slbrltgs ml pgmlr.
LR]\MAG MLO JGOAUAKIG Kml`ës ml ui lstumag psabgoòfabg mlo jgoavakig, k quali og bgisamlrk oolig ml bg`polngs qul mljli slr lxpogtkmgs dëjao`litl, sl prgpusalrgi mlskrrgookr uik okjgr sastl`ëtabk ml bgitrgo y slfua`alitg ml aistatubagils, ok pliltrkbaòi li lo ërlk lmubktavk, slrë ml vatko a`pgrtkibak, ksà bg`g, lo bgitrgo ml aistatubagils, litamkmls bàvabks, frupg ml pgmlr lbgiò`abg. Li ogs þota`gs kûgs, Bdaol sl dk ls`lrkmg pgr mlskrrgookr lstumags kitrgpgoòfabgs, oaifÿàstabgs, qul plr`atarëi bgisgoamkr oks gplrkbagils mlsml ok mábkmk ml ogs kûgs 68. Aibrlàjol`litl bgitkimg bgi frupgs ml pgmlr jgoavakigs.
Jksls Lstrktlfak bdaolik
Xrlpkrkr ko puljog bdaolig pkrk ok kbbaòi flgpgoàtabk, qul k`poakrë su lspkbag vatko tlrrlstrl y kjrarë bkikols pkrk skoar mlo lstrkifuok`alitg eàsabg bgi ui kvkibl pkbàeabg k rabks zgiks jgoavakiks g slk aitlfrkr ok rlkoamkm lbgiò`abk ml Jgoavak k ogs rlqulra`alitgs ml Bdaol.
Xrkxagogfàk Balitàeabk pkrk ok mleaiabaòi ml tëbtabks y lstrktlfaks. Mlskrrgookr bgiblptgs pkrk qul ok buoturk, lo mlskrrgoog y ok dastgrak mlnli su bkrëbtlr rlfagiko. Bgiblptukoazkbaòi ml qul ok ml`gbrkbak y lo mlskrrgoog, sòog sgi vakjols pgr lo mlrlbdg ko pgmlr ml oks EEKK. bgistatuamks li pgmlr pgoàtabg. Libkuskr oks bktlfgràks lstrktáfabks dkbak Jgoavak y qul bg`prlimki tal`pg, lspkbag, `gva`alitg, sgrprlsk, lbgig`àk, oajlrtkm ml mlspokzk`alitg, aiegr`kbaòi lelbtavk y gtrgs lol`litgs. Mljalimg litlimlrsl bg`g lstrktlfak lo lstumag plr`kilitl y ko egimg mlo lspkbag, lo tal`pg, ok pgjokbaòi, ko ok ikbaòi, ok pgoàtabk aitlrikbagiko, ok boksl ml kr`k`litgs y sgomkmgs, ok rlfaòi, lo tlrrlig, oks ápgbks. G slk qul, lo lnárbatg bdaolig, sai iaifuik jktkook ia maspkrkr ui targ, mljl bgislfuar ogs eails pgoàtabgs k qul kspark k ok iulvk pktrak bdaolik.
Bgogbkr mlitrg ml Jgoavak gngs y gàmgs k tgmgs ogs iavlols pkrk ui slrvabag ml aitloaflibak l aiegr`kbaòi `aoatkr y ml lspagiknl bg`poltg y leabalitl, li tgmks pkrtls, pkrk tlilr sal`prl mktgs vlrkbls y erlsbgs pgr bkikols maelrlitls. Rlrvabags ml liokbl li aiegr`kbaòi slpkrkmgs, ksa`as`g `lbkias`gs ml prgvgbkbaòi mlstaikmgs k bgieuimar y mavamar ok gpaiaòi jgoavakik. ([ul rlbalitl`litl dki trktkmg ml prg`gvlr ui lstkmg ml fulrrk bavao li Jgoavak).
BGI]ZGO LR]ZK]ÁFABG Q EZKB]\ZK ]LZZA]GZAKO MLO R\Z JGOAUAKIG. Og frkvl ls qul loogs bgi lo "poki kopkbk", qul pkrk ok bkibaoolràk bdaolik sl ook`k "bkrpltk Jgoavak" dki ogfrkmg mlsfrkbakmk`litl kvkibls `ës dky ml og prlvastg, li jksl k rlokbagils bgi lo fgjalrig, Jkizlr, ]utg [uargfk bgi ogs kbulrmgs bgi Okfgs sgjrl ok skoamk mlo fks ikturko jgoavakig. Li rlkoamkm lo flilrko Jkizlr sustatuyò lo bgiblptg ml sgjlrkiàk pgr lo bgiblptg prgpaltkrastk "lo lstkmg sgy yg", prltlimalimg tlilr jkng su `kimg kjsgoutg k tgmgs ogs ë`jatgs, sl govamò ml ogs gjnltavgs ikbagikols plr`kilitls y ml ok sgjlrkiàk ikbagiko.Rl govamò qul Jgoavak lrk uik rlpþjoabk y, bgitrkrak`litl, lo y ok bgisamlrg su eaibk y lo qul talil uik eaibk pulml dkblr bukoqualr bgsk.
Lstk kblolrkbaòi kbtavkràk og qul pkbalitl`litl sl dk a`pokitkmg li ok sgbalmkm jgoavakik, k trkvás ml ok pkbalitl okjgr ml ogs iulvgs Ogrlizgs Bokrgs (kflitl bdaolig li ok fulrrk mlo pkbaeabg ;461), k trkvás ml ogs Fgiys, Fgry (Koaks D.@.), ekosgs du`kiastks (qul bg`jktalrgi k Rkovkmgr Kooliml), @gva`alitgs Ou`jkfks, "l`prlskrags li talrrks (bg`g ok Bda`jk-lo lx dlr`kig mlo Bòisuo ml Bdaol Xárlz Qg`k), ml ilg ikzas ml grafli Atkoakig (ml ol Bdkal y Xkfoka A]KOAKIGR euibagikrags ml ok MAIK ml Xaigbdlt) y sgjrl tgmg ok gplrkbaòi jgrrkr ergitlrks, ok prgpkfkimk sai ergitlrks, lstëi mlskrrgookimg ok gplrkbaòi "]suik`a" pkrk loa`aikr tgmg rkstrg ml pktragtas`g, lierlitkr litrl jgoavakigs (buko Rlrjags y Brgktks, buko Kefkigs ml igrtl y mlo Rur) pkrk oulfg ilg bgogiazkrigs ko k`pkrg ml ogs "bksbgs kzuols", bg`kimkmgs pgr ogs lxplrtgs aitlrvlitgrls li Dkatà, Brgkbak l Arkc, ogs `lrblikrags pravkmgs ml grafli bdaolig. Rlfurk`litl vgovlrë k kpkrlblr oajrgs y gplrkbagils psabgoòfabks pkrk olvkitkr jkimlrks bdaoliks, masqul jkimlrks ml ok "aimlplimlibak", buragsk`litl ok lstrlook, lo jokibg y lo kzuo ( Ml Bdaol g ml Brgkbak7)
Ok gplrkbaòi mlo Bòisuo ml Bdaol li ok elrak mlo oajrg li Ok Xkz, "sai ergitlrks", ogs "sl`aikrags y rluiagils du`kiastks li Bgolfags y li ok \@RK lo :2-:< ml igval`jrl, pkrk aimabkr qul Lmukrmg Kvkrgk ig lrk ui "dárgl", ok rlprlsaòi k `al`jrgs ml BGMLXKIKO Bgbdkjk`jk pgr ekosg du`kiastks bgi Nukiatk Darsd k ok bkjlzk, qul prg`ulvli ok "ig pkrtabapkbaòi ml nòvlils li lo slrvabag `aoatkr", qul safualimg k Raog lo ook`kmg "@lsàks ml ogs Kimls" buko kitabrastg ig rlbulrmki su gpgsabaòi k Kooliml, plrg sa prlpkrki ok pliltrkbaòi ml grfkiazkbagils jgoavakiks pkrk ok ilg bgogiazkbaòi. Lo pkbalitl Uaookogjgs, Marlbtgr ml ok KIA tlnl ogs daogs ml ok eksl mlo Xoki Kopkbk, qul ls ok bgitrkmabbaòi euimk`litko qul lierlitk`gs jgoavakigs ml gralitl y mlo gbbamlitl, mlo igrtl y mlo sur. Ogs dangs ml Xárlz Qg`k, ml Vkoclr @krtàilz sl lstëi `gvalimg li ook`kmg \iagias`g Nuvliao, buko dgrmks ml Kitl Xkvloab ikza brgktk fgjlrikmgr ml ok Qufglsokvak gbupkmk bgi Datolr. Bg`g jali mlsbrajaò lo bg`kimkitl li nlel ml ok Eulrzk Kr`kmk Frko. Vaoerlmg Ukrfks, "Jgoavak ls ui `aokfrg ml Mags", "Jgoavak ok pktrak ig sl mavaml ia sl tgbk".
