Ecl`fefr Erfsefr Ecjpkrtni`kr Bfus f jnl`ks rfspclskhninbkbfs
;
Kpkrílenk pfsscki= hfifzk f trkmf
ECL@FEFX
EXFUEFX
ECJTKXRNI@KX
Bfus f jnl`k `nstõrnk bf vnbk RX KLUACXJKÇÅC TFIK TKIKQXK BF BFVU RXKLUACXJKÇÅC RXKLUACXJKÇÅ C BF BFLRXC TKXK RXKLUACXJKÇÅC TKUUC K TKUUC RXKLUACXJKÇÅC ACXK RXKLUACXJKÇÅC FQNBFLRF C GXKLBF [VKBXC = TXFUFLRF, TKUUKBC , AVRVXC ECLUENÍLENK UKBNK F INJTK TFXBÅC TFXUTFERNQK HÊHINEK BF JNJ JFUJK
Fssk sîrnf bf fstubcs surgnu bc b c bfsfmc bf jctnvkr jui`frfs ernstås pkrk quf `clrfj k Bfus f C akçkj ecl`fenbc ecl`fenbc kc sfu rfbcr pcr jfnc bf ujk vnbk fj trklsacrjkçåc trkls acrjkçåc prcgrfssnvk, aulbkjfltkbk au lbkjfltkbk lk suanenílenk s uanenílenk bf Ernstc f Uuk Tkikvrk pkrk c vnvfr bnërnc. Fik î ujk afrrkjfltk pkrk c fstubc pfsscki pfsscki f pkrk c bnsenpuikbc. Ekbk inçåc fstë bnvnbnbk fj trís pkrtfs= ECL@FEFX, EXFUEFX f ECJTKX RNI@KX. C rfikenclkjfltc pfsscki ecj Bfus î c pcltc bf pkrtnbk. C fstubc bk Uuk • ECL@FEFX k Bfus f Uuk Uu k Tkikvrk ― C Tkikvrk prcpcrenclk c erfsenjfltc lc rfikenclkjfltc êltnjc ecj Fif f bë ks bnrftrnzfs pkrk c pfreursc. Trfenskjcs tkjhîj bf ifltfs i fltfs hêhineks hê hineks lêtnbks pkrk kvkinkr kvkink r ks nbfnks nb fnks bk lcssk euiturk f tfr bnsefrlnjfltc bnsefrlnjfltc pkrk inbkr inbkr ecj cs prchifjks prchifjks ktukns ecjc fstrfssf, fstrfssf, klcrfxnk cu klcrfxnk cu huiiynlg . Låc hkstk ecl`fefr. Î prfensc erfsefr. C erfsenjfltc ernståc, quf sf fstflbf • EXFUEFX ä sfjfi`klçk bf Ernstc ― Låc kc iclgc bf tcbk k vnbk, î fvnbflenkbc pfik `khninbkbf bf rfikenclkr ks vfrbkbfs hêhineks ecj k vnbk bnërnk f inbkr ecj ks rfspclskhninbkbfs, cs rfikenclkjfltcs rfikenclkjfltcs nltfrpfssckns f tkjhîj ks prfssöfs bc ectnbnklc. • ECJTKXRNI@KX pkrk fbnanekçåc jýtuk ― Qnbks fj trklsacrjkçåc såc nlstrujfltcs pkrk flecrkmkr c erfsenjfltc fj cutrks vnbks lc ecltfxtc bk jutukinbkbf ernstå. Fiks såc jcbfics bf prcgrfssåc, låc knlbk bf pfrafnçåc. Ä jfbnbk jfbnbk quf kjkburfefj kjkburfefjcs, cs, erfsefjcs erfsefjcs tkjhîj tkjhîj lc kjcr f lk `khninbkbf pkrk kprcvfnt kprcvfntkr kr ecj skhfbcrnk skhfbcrnk ks cpcrtulnbkbfs cpcrtulnbkbfs bf nlvfstnr fj cutrks vnbks.
Fbnçåc ktukinzkbk 84;6 Jkrnk Efeêink Kiaklc Xfvnsåc bc ecltfýbc= Tr. Bkvnb M. Jfro`
Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc [uklbc låc nlbnekbc, cs tfxtcs hêhinecs såc fxtrkêbcs bk Hêhink bk Hêhink Kijfnbk= vfrsåc rfvnstk f ktukin ktukinzkbk zkbk (KXK (KXK)) Ucenfbkbf Hêhinek bc Hrksni
8 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
Rrklsacrjkçåc bf pkssc fj pkssc K bnlèjnek bk vnbk ernstå= hksfs
FUHCÇC
X VJC VJC Ecjprfflbfr k njpcrtèlenk f c iugkr quf Bfus bë ä kpkrílenk ecjprcjftfr-sf ecj eunbkr bf suk kpkrílenk bf acrjk quf fik rfaintk
f k
hfifzk nltfrncr nltfrncr f `clrf k Bfus.
TCLRC BF ECLRKRC Flgklcsk î k grkçk, f vå, k acrjcsurk, jks k jui`fr quf tfjf kc UFL@CX, fssk sfrë icuvkbk. Tv icuvkbk. Tv 5;.54 K prfceupkçåc ecj k hfifzk aêsnek î rfacrçkbk k tcbc jcjfltc fj lcssk euiturk pfics bnvfrscs eklkns bk jêbnk. Kc ifr ks pkikvrks bc sëhnc fj Trcvîrhncs, pcbfrêkjcs lcs pfrgultkr= Ufrë quf k Hêhink î ecltrk k hfifzk 3 Î frrkbc kprfenkr c hfic 3 Eikrc quf låc! K Hêhink låc tfj pcr prcpõsntc eclbflkr c hfic, jks lcs crnfltkr lk fseci`k bf prncrnbkbfs.
Ecjc kprfenkr f husekr k hfifzk bf jcbc kgrkbëvfi k Bfus3
C XCRFNXC ;. K hfifzk= k pfrspfetnvk bc Kutcr Hclntks pcr bfltrc Hclntks tkjhîj pcr acrk Hclntks ekbk vfz jkns 8. Ks rcupks= k pfrspfetnvk bc Ernkbcr Ks rcupks ecjc prcvnbílenk bnvnlk Ks rcupks ecjc fxprfssåc bk nbfltnbkbf f bc ecrkçåc 5. Buks pfrspfetnvks fj ecltrkstf 2. K hfifzk f ks rcupks= k rfspclskhninbkbf bk jui`fr ernstå Vjk kpkrílenk hfik= c bfsfmc ifgêtnjc pcbf sf tcrlkr fxefssnvc Ecjprkr eclefntcs acrk bk vfrbkbf bf Bfus Husekr sktnsakçåc acrk bc piklc bf Bfus Akzfr ecjpkrkçöfs nlkbfqukbks Vskr tfjpc f bnl`fnrc bf acrjk nlkbfqukbk Vjk kpkrílenk hfik= c eunbkbc ifgêtnjc fj tfjcr k Bfus Bfeílenk Jcbîstnk Hcj sflsc Vjk kpkrílenk hfik= ks fseci`ks ifgêtnjks bf ujk ani`k bf Bfus
5 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
C prcpõsntc bfstf prcvîrhnc _Tv 5;.54Z î lcs kifrtkr schrf ks krjkbni`ks f ks enikbks quf fxnstfj lk husek bfseunbkbk f njprubfltf bk hfifzk aêsnek. C sëhnc qufr quf sknhkjcs quf k hfifzk f k acrjcsurk acrjcsurk såc såc flgklcsks. Nstc snglnanek quf låc bfvfjcs sfr nlgílucs, jks bfvfjcs vnvfr bf jklfnrk erntfrncsk lc julbc. Trfenskjc T rfenskjcss kprflbfr k fxpcr ks jfltnrks f cs flgklcs bfstk husek chsfssnvk bk hfifzk aêsnek ekrketfrêstnek ekrketfrêstnek bf lcssk euiturk. Tkuic euiturk. Tkuic Acltfs ;
Vjk bks chsfssöfs jkns lctëvfns lk lcssk euiturk î k husek bk hfifzk aêsnek. K prfceupkçåc ecj k kpkrílenk njprfglk lcssc rfikenclkjfltc rfikenclkjfltc scenki f lcs sfbuz k tcbcs, `cjfls f jui`frfs, fj nltflsnbkbf vkrnkbk. C njpketc bk euiturk ecstujk sfr ecjc c fafntc bk pciunçåc bc kr= c quf rfspnrkjcs tflbf k prcbuznr jubklçks fj lõs, bfvkgkr jks ecj eclstèlenk. Lcssk euiturk lcs efrek ecj vczfs quf akikj schrf lcssk kpkrílenk, c kspfetc quf bfvfjcs tfr, f cs icuvcrfs f erêtneks quf supcstkjfl s upcstkjfltf tf kecjpkl`kj c suefssc cu c arkekssc. K jêbnk jkssnanekltf scrrktfnrkjfltf lcs niubf ecj cs jfsjcs pkbröfs vnsukns. Rfifvnsåc, rfvnstks, anijfs lcs flsnlkj quki ’kpkrílenk‚ bfvf sfr vkicrnzkbk f quki ’kpkrílenk‚ bfvf
sfr fstngjktnzkbk. Ucjcs flsnlkbcs k bnstnlgunr fltrf c ’hfj f c jki‚ fj lcssk kpkrílenk pfic
quf cuvnjcs f vfjcs. Bkvnb Tcwinscl 8
;. Hfifzk= k pfrspfetnvk bc Kutcr Qnu Bfus tubc qukltc anzfrk, f fns quf frk juntc hcj. Gl ;.5;
Hclntks pcr bfltrc K hfifzk nltfrncr î bf vkicr nlfstnjëvfi. nlfstnjëvfi. C UFL@CX låc ví ecjc ví c `cjfj. C `cjfj ví c fxtfrncr, pcrîj c UFL@CX, c ecrkçåc. ecrkçåc . ;Uj ;1.7h Låc sfmk c kbcrlc bk fspcsk c quf î fxtfrncr, ecjc arnskbc bf ekhfics, kbfrfçcs bf curc, kpkrktc bf vfstuërnc? sfmk, pcrîj, c `cjfj nltfrncr bc ecrkçåc, ulnbc kc nlecrruptêvfi trkmc bf uj fspêrntc jklsc f trklqùnic, quf î bf grklbf vkicr bnkltf bf Bfus. ;Tf 5.5, 2
Hclntks tkjhîj pcr acrk Bfus lcs bctcu bf sflsc fstîtnec. Låc `ë jki fj kprfenkrjcs k hfifzk lks chrks bc Ernkbcr. Lks Fsernturks, kigujks jui`frfs såc nbfltnanekbks ecjc ’acrjcsks‚.
[uklbc sf kprcxnjkvk bc Fgntc, quksf kc fltrkr, _KhråcZ bnssf k Ukrkn, suk jui`fr= Crk, hfj sfn sfn quf îs jui`fr bf acrjcsk kpkrílenk . Gl ;8.;; K jcçk _XfhfekZ frk jun acrjcsk bf kpkrílenk, vnrgfj, k qufj lfl`uj `cjfj `kvnk pcssuêbc. Gl pcssuêbc. Gl 82.;1 Ink tnl`k cs ci`cs hkçcs, pcrîj Xkqufi frk acrjcsk bf pcrtf f bf sfjhikltf. Gl sfjhikltf. Gl 8>.;7 Lkhki frk frk c lcjf bfstf `cjfj, f Khngkni, Khngkni, c bf suk jui`fr? jui`fr? fstk frk sflsktk sflsktk f acrjcsk ;Uj 86.5 K Hêhink fxpöf tkjhîj c pfrngc bk hfifzk aêsnek pkrk c ecrkçåc bc `cjfj sumfntc kc flgklc bc pfekbc. Kigujks jui`frfs fstnvfrkj flvcivnbks fj sntukçöfs lks qukns k suk acrjcsurk acrjcsurk nlaiuflencu `cjfls kc pfekbc. Rflbc Khråc fltrkbc lc Fgntc, vnrkj cs fgêpencs quf k jui`fr frk schrfjklfnrk acrjcsk. Qnrkj-lk cs prêlenpfs prêlenpfs bf Akrkõ f gkhkrkj-lk gkhkrkj-lk multc bfif? f k jui`fr acn ifvkbk pkrk k eksk bf Akrkõ. Fstf, pcr ekusk bfik, trktcu hfj k Khråc, c quki vfnc k tfr cvfi`ks, hcns, mujfltcs, fserkvcs f fserkvks, mujfltks f ekjfics. Tcrîj c UFL@CX pulnu Akrkõ f k suk eksk ecj grklbfs prkgks, pcr ekusk bf Ukrkn, jui`fr bf Khråc. Khr åc. Gl ;8.;2-;7 Nskquf, pcns, anecu fj Gfrkr. Tfrgultklbc-i`f cs `cjfls `cjfls bkqufif iugkr k rfspfntc bf suk jui`fr, bnssf= Î jnl`k nrjå? pcns tfjnk bnzfr= Î jnl`k jui`fr? pkrk quf, bnznk fif eclsngc, cs `cjfls bc iugkr låc jf jktfj pcr kjcr bf Xfhfek, pcrquf frk acrjcsk bf kpkrílenk. Gl 81.1, 7 Vjk tkrbf, ifvkltcu-sf Bkvn bc sfu ifntc f klbkvk pkssfklbc lc tfrrkçc bk eksk rfki? bkê vnu ujk jui`fr _Hktf-UfhkZ quf fstkvk tcjklbc hkl`c? frk fik jun acrjcsk. Bkvn jklbcu pfrgultkr qufj frk. Bnssfrkj-i`f= Î HktfUfhk, ani`k bf Finå f jui`fr bf Vrnks, c `ftfu. Fltåc, flvncu Bkvn jflskgfnrcs quf k trcuxfssfj? fik vfnc, f fif sf bfntcu ecj fik. 8Uj ;;.8 Rnl`k Khskiåc, ani`c bf Bkvn, ujk acrjcsk nrjå, eumc lcjf frk Rkjkr. Kjlcj, ani`c bf Bkvn, sf flkjcrcu bfik ... acrçcu-k ac rçcu-k f sf bfntcu ecj fik. 8Uj ;5.;, ;2
Hclntks ekbk ekbk vfz vfz jkns jkns K acrjcsurk î pksskgfnrk fj ecltrkstf ecj k vnbk nltfrncr. Flgklcsk î k grkçk, f vå, k acrjcsurk, jks k jui`fr quf tfjf kc UFL@CX, fssk sfrë icuvkbk. Tv 5;.54 2 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
C bfsecltfltkjfltc afjnlnlc ecj rfikçåc ä kpkrílenk î gflfrkinzkbc. Kprcxnjf-sf bf uj grupc bf jui`frfs, bf qukiqufr nbkbf, rkçk cu erflçk rfingncsk, f cuvnrë ks jfsjks ecnsks. _...Z Jks kiîj bk lcssk prõprnk nlsktnsakçåc, k husek pfik hfifzk erncu, erncu, f `cmf kinjfltk, kinjfltk, uj jfrekbc njflsc f njpcrtkltf bf prcbutcs f sfrvnçcs quf bfpflbfj bfstk nlsktnsakçåc. _...Z Lfl`ujk jui`fr jui`fr lcrjki tfj eclbnçöfs bf ecjpftnr ecj tcbk fssk pkrkafrlëink bf prcbuznr hfifzk, jks aci`fnf qukiqufr qukiqufr rfvnstk, afjnlnlk cu låc, f chsfrvf tcbcs cs klýlencs quf husekj vflbfr k nbfnk bf quf k hfifzk aêsnek pfrafntk sõ bfpflbf bfstf cu bkqufif prcbutc. Wklbk Kssujpçåc 5
C acec prnlenpki låc l åc pcbf fstkr lk hfifzk hfif zk fxtfrncr, jks lk hfifzk nltfrncr nltfrncr quf sf rflcvk k ekbk bnk ä jfbnbk quf scjcs eclacrjkbks kc ekrëtfr bf Ernstc. Tcr nssc, låc bfsklnjkjcs? pfic ecltrërnc, jfsjc quf c lcssc `cjfj fxtfrncr sf ecrrcjpk, ecltubc, c lcssc `cjfj nltfrncr sf rflcvk bf bnk fj bnk. 8Ec 2.;1
8. Xcupks= k pfrspfetnvk bc Ernkbcr Bfus acn c prnjfnrc fstninstk, ernkbcr bks rcupks.
Ks rcupks ecjc prcvnbílenk bnvnlk K lfefssnbkbf bf lcs vfstnrjcs tfvf crngfj lk qufbk. Euipk f vfrgcl`k fltrkrkj lk `nstõrnk bc sfr `ujklc. K lubfz pksscu k sfr vfrgcl`csk acrk bc ecltfxtc sfj jëeuik bc rfikenclkjfltc eclmugki. [uklbc cuvnrkj k vcz bc UFL@CX Bfus, quf klbkvk lc mkrbnj pfik vnrkçåc bc bnk, fseclbfrkj-sf bk prfsflçk bc UFL@CX Bfus, c `cjfj f suk jui`fr, pcr fltrf ks ërvcrfs ërvcrfs bc mkrbnj. F e`kjcu c UFL@CX Bfus kc `cjfj f i`f pfrgultcu= Clbf fstës3 Fif rfspclbfu= Cuvn k tuk vcz lc mkrbnj, f, pcrquf fstkvk fstkvk lu, tnvf jfbc, f jf fseclbn. Gl 5.0-;4 Bfus prcvnbflencu grkencskjfltf ks rcupks ecjc echfrturk pkrk k lubfz, fstkhfifeflbc c sfu usc. Afz c UFL@CX Bfus vfstnjfltk bf pfifs pkrk Kbåc f suk jui`fr f cs vfstnu. vfstnu. Gl 5.8; K vnbk ernstå, pcrîj, î jkns bc quf rcupks f låc bfvfjcs klbkr klsncsks qukltc kc quf vfstnrfjcs. F pcr quf klbkns klbkns klsncscs qukltc qukltc kc vfstuërnc3 Eclsnbfrkn Eclsnbfrkn ecjc erfsefj cs iêrncs bc ekjpc= fifs låc trkhki`kj, lfj ankj. Fu, ecltubc, vcs kanrjc quf lfj Ukicjåc, Ukicjåc , fj tcbk k suk giõrnk, sf vfstnu vfstn u ecjc qukiqufr qukiqufr bfifs. Crk, sf Bfus Bfus vfstf vfstf kssnj k frvk bc ekjpc, ekjpc, quf quf `cmf `cmf fxnstf fxnstf f kjkl`å î iklçkbk iklçkbk lc acrlc, qukltc jkns k võs võs cutrcs, `cjfls bf pfquflk pfquflk aî3 Tcrtkltc, Tcrtkltc, låc vcs nlqunftfns, bnzflbc= [uf ecjfrfjcs3 [uf hfhfrfjcs3 Cu= Ecj quf lcs vfstnrfjcs3 vfstnrfjc s3 Tcrquf Tcrqu f cs gfltncs î quf prceurkj tcbks fstks ecnsks? pcns vcssc Tkn efifstf skhf quf lfefssntkns bf tcbks fiks? husekn, pcns, fj prnjfnrc iugkr, c sfu rfnlc f k suk mustnçk, f tcbks fstks ecnsks vcs sfråc kerfsefltkbks. Jt 1.80-55
Ks rcupks ecjc fxprfssåc bk nbfltnbkbf f bc ecrkçåc Ks rcupks flvnkj uj rfekbc bf qufj lõs scjcs f rftrktkj c ecrkçåc. enreuls tèlenks cu pfic pfi c pfekbc frk nlbnekbc pcr vfstfs C ikjfltc pcr enreulstèlenks bf pklc bf skec= Fltåc, Mkeõ rksgcu ks suks vfstfs, f sf enlgnu bf pklc bf skec, f ikjfltcu ikjfltcu c ani`c_McsîZ pcr juntcs bnks . Gl 57.52 K skltnbkbf fxngnbk pcr Bfus frk ifjhrkbk lcs bftki`fs bks vfstfs skefrbctkns= Akrës skefrbctkns= Akrës vfstfs skgrkbks pkrk Kråc, tfu nrjåc, nrjåc, pkrk giõrnk f crlkjfltc. Íx crlkjfltc. Íx 80.8 K eclbnçåc jcrki f ks nltflçöfs bc ecrkçåc fxprfsskj-sf lks rcupks bf ujk prcstntutk= Fns prcstntutk= Fns quf k jui`fr i`f skn kc flecltrc, flecltrc, ecj vfstfs bf prcstntutk f kstutk bf ecrkçåc. Tv 7.;4 Bfus lcs pfrjntf tkjhîj fxprfsskr k afjnlninbkbf pcr jfnc bc trkmf. Kigujks jui`frfs såc pcsntnvkjfltf bfstkekbks pcr suks rcupks f kbcrlcs. echfrtks, vfstf-sf vfstf-sf bf inl`c anlc f bf vnrtucsk= Akz pkrk sn echfrtks, K jui`fr vnrtucsk= Akz pýrpurk. pýrpurk. Tv 5;.88 K lcnvk bf Ekltkrfs= Acrjcsks såc ks tuks akefs fltrf cs tfus flafntfs, c tfu pfsecçc, ecj cs ecikrfs. Flafntfs bf curc tf akrfjcs, ecj nlerustkçöfs bf prktk. Et ;.;4, ;; 6 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
Eclsnbfrf c sfgunltf= ’[uki î k kpkrílenk f k acrjk nbfki3‚
Î c snstfjk bfstf julbc quf bftfrjnlk quki î k acrjk pkbråc quf bfvf sfr husekbk. F k jêbnk eunbk bf jkssnanekr fstfs pkbröfs quf bfvfjcs sfgunr. Jks quki î c prchifjk ecj nstc3 Fj prnjfnrc iugkr vceí ecrrf c rnsec bf sfr fserkvnzkbc pcr uj snstfjk bf erflçks f vkicrfs akiscs. Qceí ecrrf c rnsec bf pfrjntnr quf c snstfjk bf erflçks f vkicrfs akiscs bfstf julbc bfekêbc bfanlk k suk lcçåc bf hfj f jki, bf suefssc f arkekssc, bf vkicr f fstngjk. K suk lcçåc bf hfj f jki, bf suefssc f arkekssc, bf vkicr f fstngjk bfvf sfr bfanlnbk pfiks Fsernturks, Fsernturks, lcssk ýlnek rfgrk rfgrk bf aî f lcrjk bf eclbutk. Fltåc c prchifjk ecj ecj fstk husek arflîtnek arflîtnek bk hfifzk aêsnek î quf vceí pcbf fstkr pfrjntnlbc quf ks jfltnrks prõprnks bk euiturk euiturk usurpfj c pkpfi bk vfrbkbf vfrbkbf bf Bfus lk suk vnbk. Fj sfgulbc iugkr, vceí ecrrf c rnsec bf sf flvcivfr luj prcefssc nbõiktrk. _...Z Fstkrë huseklbc lc êbcic bk kpkrílenk aêsnek kqunic quf bfvfrnk sf flecltrkbc lc ýlnec Bfus vfrbkbfnrc. vfrbkbfnrc. Rrfe`c sfifenclkbcs bf Tkuic bf Tkuic 2 Acltfs
[uklbc bfnxkjcs quf k jcbk bntf c quf vfstnjcs, fstkjcs bklbc k fik ujk kutcrnbkbf quf låc bfvfrnk tfr schrf lõs. Wklbk Kssujpçåc 6
5. Buks pfrspfetnvks fj ecltrkstf Lcssk euiturk bfanlf k hfifzk pfic fxtfrncr. Bfus bfanlf k hfifzk pfic nltfrncr ∘ ;Uj ;1.7h? ;Tf 5.5, 2 fstkjcs sfjprf Lcssk euiturk fstkhfifef uj nbfki bf hfifzk nlktnlgêvfi ― fstkjcs nlsktnsafntks. Bfus fstkhfifef uj nbfki bf hfifzk quf tcbks pcbfjcs ktnlgnr ä jfbnbk quf rfspclbfjcs ä Uuk chrk grkencsk fj lcssk vnbk ∘ Ap 8.;8, ;5 Lcssk euiturk flecrkmk k husek bf ujk hfifzk quf burk pcuec tfjpc. Bfus flecrkmk c euitnvc bf ujk hfifzk quf lulek kekhk, pfic ecltrërnc, rflcvk-sf k ekbk bnk ∘ 8Ec 2.;1 flgrklbfenjfltc pfsscki. Lcssk euiturk flecrkmk k husek bk hfifzk pkrk flgrklbfenjfltc h usek bk hfifzk hfi fzk nltfrncr pkrk flgrkbfefr k Bfus ∘ ;Ec ;4.5; Bfus flecrkmk k husek Lcssk euiturk qufr trklsacrjkr jui`frfs pkrk ktrknr ci`krfs bf echnçk. Bfus qufr trklsacrjkr jui`frfs pkrk njpketkr vnbks ftfrlkjfltf ∘ Rt 8.5-6 Lcssk euiturk fltflbf quf c prcpõsntc bks rcupks î rfvfikr c ecrpc. Bfus fltflbf quf c prcpõsntc bks rcupks î echrnr c ecrpc ∘ Gl 5.8; Lcssk euiturk flecrkmk k husek bk nbfltnbkbf lk hfifzk fxtfrncr. Bfus flecrkmk k husek bk nbfltnbkbf fj Ernstc ∘ 8Ec 6.;7, ;0
2. K hfifzk f ks rcupks= k rfspclskhninbkbf bk jui`fr ernstå K kpkrílenk aêsnek î kigc quf bfvfjcs kbjnlnstrkr ecjc hcks jcrbcjks bkqunic quf Bfus lcs eclancu, eciceklbc bf ikbc nltfrfssfs pfssckns f huseklbc cs nltfrfssfs nltfrfssfs bKqufif k qufj pfrtflefjcs pfrtflefjcs f sfrvnjcs. sfrvnjcs.
Kpkrílenk hfik= uj bfsfmc ifgêtnjc quf pcbf sf bfturpkr Bfsfmkr sfr hclntk î kigc lkturki lk jui`fr, vnstc quf acjcs ernkbks ä njkgfj bc Ernkbcr bk hfifzk. Kc nltfrkgnr ecj cs klsfncs bc ecrkçåc pfekjnlcsc, pfekjnlcsc, fstf bfsfmc pcbf sf tcrlkr tcrlkr fxefssnvc f sf bfsvnkr bfsvnkr bc prcpõsntc prcpõsntc hcj. Trfenskjcs Trfenskjcs fstkr ktfltks ktfltks k quktrc krjkbni`ks krjkbni`ks sutns. Ecjprkr eclefntcs acrk bk vfrbkbf bf Bfus K nlbýstrnk bk jcbk nrrkbnk hrni`c f gikjcur . K jui`fr ernstå prfensk ecl`fefr ecj eikrfzk k vfrbkbf hêhinek f fstkr prcltk pkrk nltfrkgnr bf jklfnrk erntfrncsk ecj cs vkicrfs bk lcssk euiturk, fxpcr cs flgklcs bk husek chsfssnvk chsfssnvk bk hfifzk aêsnek aêsnek f bk muvfltubf, muvfltubf, f låc sf kjcibkr kjcibkr k fifs. Tcrqukltc k grkçk bf Bfus sf jklnafstcu skivkbcrk k tcbcs cs `cjfls, fbueklbc-lcs pkrk quf, rflfgkbks k njpnfbkbf f ks pknxöfs julbklks, vnvkjcs, lc prfsfltf sîeuic, sflsktk, mustk f pnfbcskjfltf, kgukrbklbc k hflbntk fspfrklçk f k jklnafstkçåc bk giõrnk bc lcssc grklbf Bfus f Ukivkbcr Ernstc Mfsus, c quki k sn jfsjc sf bfu pcr lõs, k anj bf rfjnr-lcs bf tcbk nlnqùnbkbf f purnanekr, pkrk sn jfsjc, uj pcvc fxeiusnvkjfltf sfu, sfu, zficsc bf hcks chrks. Rt chrks. Rt 8.;;-;2 Låc kjfns c julbc lfj ks ecnsks quf `ë lc julbc. Uf kiguîj kjkr c julbc, c kjcr bc Tkn låc fstë lfif? pcrquf tubc quf `ë lc julbc, k ecleupnseílenk bk ekrlf, k ecleupnseílenk bcs ci`cs f k schfrhk bk vnbk, låc prcefbf bc Tkn, jks prcefbf bc julbc. Crk, c julbc pkssk, hfj ecjc k suk ecleupnseílenk? kqufif, pcrîj, quf akz k vcltkbf bf Bfus pfrjklfef ftfrlkjfltf. ftfrlkjfltf. ;Mc 8.;6-;7 Husekr sktnsakçåc acrk bc piklc bf Bfus K jêbnk qufr eclvflefr k jui`fr bf quf sfu vkicr anek ecjprcjftnbc sf fik låc acr ujk eclsujnbcrk bc prcbutc quf i`f î cafrfenbc. K jfltnrk bf 1 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
Rkivfz trkhki`kjcs burc lk kekbfjnk cu kekhkjcs bf ecjprkr ujk ekiçk mfkls ekrk. Rkivfz qufnrkjcs prcvkr quf scjcs invrfs pkrk lcs vfstnr vfstnr eclacrjf eclacrjf lcssk fseci`k, sfj lcs njpcrtkr ecj c fseèlbkic quf nssc pcssk prcvcekr. prcvcekr. [uklbc lcs fxnhnjcs bfssk acrjk, aki`kjcs lc kjcr pkrk ecj lcsscs nrjåcs (f nrjås) quf pcbfj sfr tfltkbcs ä iuxýrnk, echnçk cu njntkçåc pfekjnlcsks. Fxnhnr-sf î uj arutc bc crgui`c f bc kjcr prõprnc bfsvnrtukbc. bfsvnrtukbc. _...Z K hfifzk hfifzk bc fvklgfi`c, lc fltkltc, î quf fif lcs nlacrjk schrf qufj scjcs f c quf Mfsus më afz. Kc jfsjc tfjpc quf fif lcs eclvflef bf quf tcbcs scjcs fxnhnenclnstks (bf kigujk acrjk), fif tkjhîj lcs kssfgurk quf scjcs kjkbcs f låc prfenskjcs jkns lcs jcstrkr jcstrkr pkrk chtfr k kprcvkçåc bf cutrks pfsscks. Fiysf Antzpktrneo 1
Ecj Bfus lc efltrc -- ecjc c "sci", sktnsakzflbc c klsfnc bf ujk jui`fr pcr hfifzk, bnglnbkbf, vfrbkbf f kjcr -- tcbcs cs ’ piklftks‚ bf ecjnbk, rcupk, fxfreêenc aêsnec, ecsjîtnecs, pcsturk f jkqunkgfj, jkqunkgfj, anekråc fj suk õrhntk kbfqukbk. Mc`l Tnpfr 7
Uktklës f bc julbc nlentk c ecrkçåc ä husek bf pcpuikrnbkbf, kefntkçåc f afinenbkbf pcr jfnc bk hfifzk aêsnek. Grnafs f sflsukinbkbf pcbfj gkl`kr c iugkr bf bfusfs aulenclkns lk vnbk bf juntks jui`frfs. Tcrquf bcns jkifs ecjftfu ecjftfu c jfu pcvc= pcvc= k jnj jf bfnxkrkj, c jklklenki jklklenki bf ëguks vnvks, f ekvkrkj enstfrlks, enstfrlks rctks, quf låc rftíj ks ëguks. Mr 8.;5 Bfus erncu c `cjfj bf acrjk quf fif î ktrkêbc ä jui`fr pfik vnstk. Nstc î kigc hcj bfltrc bc piklc bnvnlc bnvn lc bf quf uj `cjfj f ujk jui`fr jui`fr sf multfj lc ekskjfltc. C ecrkçåc flgklcsc bc `cjfj, pcrîj, iutk ecj k echnçk f î tfltkbc k trcekr k kbjnrkçåc f c kjcr gfluêlcs pfik ikseêvnk. Fu, pcrîj, vcs bngc= qukiqufr quf ci`kr pkrk ujk jui`fr ecj nltflçåc njpurk, lc ecrkçåc, më kbuitfrcu ecj fik. Jt 6.80 K jui`fr, pcr suk vfz, î tfltkbk k klsnkr fxkgfrkbkjfltf pcr ktflçåc f uskr sfu ecrpc ecjc chmftc pkrk eclqunstkr c quf bfsfmk. Fns quf k jui`fr i`f skn kc flecltrc, ecj vfstfs bf prcstntutk f kstutk bf ecrkçåc. Î kpknxclkbk kpkn xclkbk f nlqunftk, nlqunft k, eumcs pîs låc pkrkj fj eksk. Tv 7.;4,;; Låc echnefs echnefs lc tfu ecrkçåc ecrkçåc k suk acrjcsurk, acrjcsurk, lfj tf bfnxfs bfnxfs prflbfr prflbfr ecj ecj ks suks ci`kbfiks. Tv ci`kbfiks. Tv 1.86 Akzfr ecjpkrkçöfs nlkbfqukbks [ufj îs tu, õ `cjfj, pkrk bnseutnrfs ecj Bfus3! Tcrvflturk, pcbf c chmftc pfrgultkr k qufj c afz= Tcr quf jf anzfstf kssnj3 Xj >.84 Uuk hfifzk î snlguikr= vceí î uj crngnlki quf trkz k kssnlkturk bc Krtnstk. Grkçks tf bcu, vnstc quf pcr jcbc ksscjhrcskjfltf jkrkvni`csc jf acrjkstf? ks tuks tuks chrks såc kbjnrëvfns, kbjnrëvfns, f k jnl`k kijk c skhf juntc juntc hfj. Ui ;5>.;2 Nlvfmk f jurjurkçåc såc snlkns bf akitk bf ecltfltkjfltc f bf nlgrktnbåc. Bf aktc, grklbf acltf bf iuerc î k pnfbkbf pnfbkbf ecj c ecltfltkjfltc. ;Rj 1.1 Fj tubc, bkn grkçks, grkçks, pcrquf fstk î k vcltkbf vcltkbf bf Bfus fj fj Ernstc Mfsus pkrk pkrk eclvcsec. ;Rs eclvcsec. ;Rs 6.;1-;0 Vskr tfjpc f bnl`fnrc bf acrjk nlkbfqukbk C qukltc kerfbntkjcs lks jfltnrks bc julbc î fxpcstc pfic qukltc bf tfjpc f bnl`fnrc gkstkjcs pkrk kecjpkl`kr kecjpkl` kr k jcbk. K vknbkbf vknbkbf ― uj uj kjcr ä kpkrílenk pfrafntk kenjk bc kjcr k Bfus ∘ pcbf ecltrcikr lcssk kgflbk f k ecltk hkleërnk. Kc ecltrërnc, ekbk uj î tfltkbc pfik suk prõprnk echnçk, quklbc fstk c ktrkn f sfbuz. Fltåc, k echnçk, bfpcns bf `kvfr eclefhnbc, bë ä iuz c pfekbc? f c pfekbc, pfekbc, ujk vfz eclsujkbc, eclsujkbc, gfrk k jcrtf. Rg ;.;2, ;6
Vjk kpkrílenk hfik= c eunbkbc i fgêtnjc fj tfjcr k Bfus Î juntc tfltkbcr fikhcrkr rfgrks, jks rfgrks fxtfrlks låc tcrlkj ujk pfssck pnfbcsk. C quf tcrlk vceí pnfbcsk î Bfus kgnlbc fj sfu ecrkçåc. Jkrt`k Tfkef 0
Xfgrks3! Kigc juntc jfi`cr j fi`cr quf rfgrks! K Tkikvrk bf Bfus låc bë rfgrks bc tnpc ’sõ vnstk fssk sknk cu kqufik hiusk‚,
jks bë injntfs eikrcs f grkencscs quf bfvfjcs gukrbkr lc ecrkçåc f kpinekr. Bk jfsjk scrtf, quf ks jui`frfs, fj trkmf bfefltf, sf ktkvnfj ecj jcbîstnk f hcj h cj sflsc, låc lå c ecj ekhfifnrk ekhfifnr k arnskbk f ecj curc, cu pîrciks, cu vfstuërnc bnspflbncsc, pcrîj ecj hcks chrks (ecjc î prõprnc äs jui`frfs quf prcafsskj sfr pnfbcsks). ;Rj 8.>, ;4
Bfeílenk= trkz k nbfnk bf kigc fj crbfj, hfj eunbkbc, prfpkrkbc, `clrkbc, rfspfntëvfi, kbcrlkbc, `krjclncsc. LK TXËRNEK - ujk kpkrílenk bfefltf î c cpcstc bf ujk kpkrílenk ekõtnek. Fik sf trkbuz fj rcupks injpks, sfj jkle`ks, sfj cbcr, kbfqukbks kc sfu tnpc aêsnec f fstkturk? ul`ks injpks f ekhfics pfltfkbcs? bfltfs f pfif eunbkbcs. 7 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
Ecjc ujk jui`fr pcbf bnsefrlnr c injntf fltrf vfstnr-sf kprcprnkbkjfltf f vfstnr-sf pkrk sfr c efltrc bks ktflçöfs3 K rfspcstk ecjfçk lk nltflçåc bc ecrkçåc. K jui`fr bfvf fxkjnlkr cs jctnvcs f chmftnvcs bk suk jklfnrk bf vfstnr. K suk nltflçåc î jcstrkr k grkçk f k hfifzk bk afjnlninbkbf3 Î jcstrkr sfu kjcr f bfbnekçåc k sfu jkrnbc3 Î rfvfikr uj ecrkçåc `ujnibf, bfsfmcsc bf kbcrkr k Bfus3 Cu î e`kjkr ktflçåc pkrk sn jfsjk f cstfltkr sfu pcbfr kqunsntnvc f hfifzk3 Cu pncr, prceurkr prceurkr ktrknr ktrknr cs `cjfls sfxukijfltf3 K jui`fr quf sf eclefltrk fj kbcrkr k Bfus eclsnbfrk eunbkbcskjfltf k jklfnrk bf sf vfstnr pcrquf c sfu ecrkçåc bntk c sfu gukrbk-rcupk f suk kpkrílenk. Mc`l JkeKrt`ur >
K `ujnibkbf î uj trkmf k sfr uskbc. Ecjc fu, vceí sf ifvkltk tcbcs cs bnks, vkn ktî c krjërnc f ks gkvftks f fseci`f ks rcupks quf vfstnrë burkltf c bnk. Rfjcs bf akzfr k jfsjk ecnsk fspnrntukijfltf. fspnrntukijfltf. Fstk î ujk instk pkrenki bc gukrbk-rc gukrbk-rcupk upk kprcvkbc pcr Bfus= rfvfstnr-sf bf uj lcvc `cjfj (Fa 2.82)? rfvfstnr-sf ecj uj fspêrntc jklsc f trklqunic (;Tf 5.2)? rfvfstnr-sf bf tfrlcs kaftcs bf hclbkbf, `ujnibkbf, `ujnibkbf, jklsnbåc jklsnbåc f iclgklnjnbkbf iclgklnjnbkbf (Ei 5.;8)? - rfvfstnr-sf bf kjcr (Ei 5.;2) kbcrlkr-sf ecj hcks chrks (;Rj 8.;4)? - rfvfstnr-sf ecj `ujnibkbf (;Tf 6.6). C quf vceí fstë vfstnlbc `cmf3 Finzkhft` Gfcrgf ;4
Jcbîstnk= trkz k nbfnk bf rfspfntc pcr cutrcs, sflsc bf vfrgcl`k f rfvfrílenk, eclsnbfrkçåc, pubcr. LK TXËRNEK - ujk kpkrílenk jcbfstk î c cpcstc bf ujk kpkrílenk njprubfltf, bfsrfspfntcsk bfsrfspfn tcsk cu ifvnklk f arêvcik. arêvcik. Fik låc qufr e`kjkr k ktflçåc bcs cutrcs, jks bfsfmk sfrvnr kcs cutrcs. Fik låc prcjcvf lfj prcvcek k sflsukinbkbf pcr clbf qufr quf pkssk. Fik sf trkbuz fj rcupks quf låc rfvfikj bf ërfks bc ecrpc lkturkijfltf ksscenkbks ä sflsukinbkbf= lkbk bf trklspkrílenks, aflbks f feclcjnk bf tfenbc quf prnvnifgnkj cu nlsnlukj k lubfz f, bfstk acrjk, cpöfj-sf bnrftkjfltf k Bfus. Hcj sflsc= trkz k nbfnk bf bnsernçåc, kutcecltrcif, fquniêhrnc, schrnfbkbf, prubílenk, sflsktfz, sflsktfz, jcbfrkçåc, jcbfrkçåc, invrf bf cstfltkçåc. cstfltkçåc. LK TXËRNEK - k kpkrílenk sflsktk î cpcstk ä icueurk bfserntk fj Trcvîrhncs ;;.88= ’Ecjc mõnk bf curc fj acenl`c bf pcrec, kssnj î k jui`fr acrjcsk quf låc tfj bnsernçåc ‚. Fik sf trkbuz fj uskr kqunic quf î efrtc, bf jklfnrk efrtk, lc jcjfltc efrtc, cu sfmk, fvntkr cs fxtrfjcs.
Vjk kpkrílenk hfik= ks fseci`ks ifgêtnjks ifg êtnjks bf ujk ani`k bf Bfus K jkncrnk bks jui`frfs ernstås akz suks fseci`ks låc pkrk bfeikrkr khfrtkjfltf khfrtkjfltf suk rfhfibnk ecltrk Bfus, jks pkrk fstkr lk jcbk. Låc `ë lkbk bf frrkbc fj qufrfr kecjpkl`kr k jcbk, bfsbf quf ks fseci`ks låc anrkj c pkbråc bf Bfus. F sf vceí supöf quf c pkbråc bf trkmf bk jui`fr ernstå î jclõtclc f bfsnltfrfsskltf, fstfmk prcltk pkrk bfsechrnr quf fif låc trkz cpr fssåc fssåc f afnýrk afný rk ∘ fif trkz vfrbkbfnrk inhfrbkbf in hfrbkbf bf fseci`k f hfifzk grkencsk. grkencsk. Qfstnr-sf f jkqunkr-sf kbfqukbkjfltf î juntc jkns bc quf uskr ujk sknk eurtk cu ecjprnbk, ujk hiusk bf kienl`k cu bf jfnk jklgk, jkqunkgfj e`kjktnvk cu sõhrnk. Î rfvfstnr-sf bk hfifzk bc ekrëtfr bf Ernstc. Î ujk qufståc bc ecrkçåc. Î ujk u jk qufståc bf `ujnibkbf= k ’ pfçk hësnek hësnek‚ bc gukrbkrcupk bf tcbk jui`fr ernstå. Låc sfmk c kbcrlc bk fspcsk c quf î fxtfrncr, ecjc arnskbc bf ekhfics, kbfrfçcs bf curc, kpkrktc bf vfstuërnc? sfmk, pcrîj, c `cjfj nltfrncr bc ecrkçåc, ulnbc kc nlecrruptêvfi bf uj fspêrntc jklsc f trklqunic, quf î bf grklbf vkicr bnkltf bf Bfus. ;Tf 5.5, 2
Xkêzfs f arutcs e`kjkr ktflçåc f sfr ’kutíltnek‚ ― Fu jf vnstc ecjc hfj fltflbc f ecjc jf snltc hfj. Fstk scu fu! K `ujnibkbf fseci`f rfprfsfltkr k Ernstc ― ujk ’jui`fr ernstå kutíltnek‚ ― f kbfqukr-sf ecj rfspfntc kc jfnc quf arfqufltk= k akjêink, k ngrfmk, k fsecik, c trkhki`c. C crgui`c fseci`f
C crgui`c fseci`f njprfssnclkr cutrcs sfmk ecj fxuhfrèlenk cu ecj kustfrnbkbf f bfsifnxc ― Ci`fj pkrk jnj! K `ujnibkbf fseci`f fxkitkr k Bfus ecj fquniêhrnc. C crgui`c prfceupk- sf ecj gkl`kr kefntkçåc ∘
Ufrfn k jui`fr jkns
ktrkfltf kqun, c efltrc bks ktflçöfs! K `ujnibkbf prfceupk-sf ecj c hfj-fstkr fspnrntuki bf sfus nrjåcs fj Ernstc, eclsnbfrklbc quf nssc î jkns njpcrtkltf bc quf k suk inhfrbkbf bf vfstnr c quf hfj fltflbf. Bfsbf quf vceí sf bnspcl`k k kpinekr cs prnleêpncs bk Tkikvrk bf Bfus, f sf k `ujnibkbf ― , rfvnstk bk ’pfçk hësnek‚ bc gukrbk-rcupk bk jui`fr ernstå ― k vceí tfj uj kjpic ekjpc bf fseci`k pkrk uskr kqunic quf lcssk îpcek f euiturk i`f prcpcrenclk, f quf Bfus i`f pfrjntf kbqunrnr ecj c bnl`fnrc quf Fif i`f eclank pkrk nlvfstnr lc sfu trkmf f lc eunbkbc ecj k kpkrílenk. 0 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
_;Rj 8.>,;4Z î ujk kbvfrtílenk pkrk kqufiks quf sf vfstfj sfbutcrkjfltf. Jks tkjhîj î ujk rfprfflsåc pkrk kqufiks quf pflskj quf ’skltc‚ snglnanek bfsjkzfikbc, afnc, sfj afjnlninbkbf f acrk bf jcbk. Vskr ujk rcupk kprcprnkbk snglnanek quf klbkr pcr kê c tfjpc tcbc bf ekiçks mfkls f ekjnsftk î tåc nlkbfqukbc qukltc fstkr chefekbk ecj rcupks fifgkltfs. Jkry Okssnkl ;; Tkrk ks jui`frfs scitfnrks _...Z c tnpc bf `cjfj ecj qufj vceí qufr ekskr låc î kqufif quf sfrë ktrkêbc pfik rcupk sugfstnvk f akitk bf jcbîstnk. Uf vceí î ujk jui`fr quf kjk c Ufl`cr, låc flvnf ujk jflskgfj eclausk pfik suk acrjk bf vfstnr. Qceí bkrë kcs `cjfls ujk njprfssåc frrkbk bf qufj vceí î, f vceí låc qufr akzfr nssc. Tkrk ks jui`frfs ekskbks, hkstk ifjhrkr quf c ekskjfltc acn prcmftkbc pcr pcr Bfus, f Bfus prcmftcu c ecrpc ecrpc bk jui`fr jui`fr pkrk sfr hclntc f ktrknr sfu jkrnbc, f kpflks sfu jkrnbc. Qfstnr-sf fj pýhinec bf acrjk acrjk quf ktrknk ktrknk cutrcs `cjfls î frrkbc. Tkj @krby ;8
K jflskgfj bc fvklgfi`c î k jctnvkçåc pkrk lcs vfstnrjcs ecj jcbîstnk. K jui`fr quf kjk c Ukivkbcr fvntk k njcbîstnk pcrquf fik låc qufr bnstrknr cutrcs bc fvklgfi`c cu rfaiftn-ic bf acrjk nlkbfqukbk. E. M. Jk`klfy ;5
Rcbks ks ecnsks såc iêentks, jks lfj tcbks eclvíj? tcbks såc iêentks, jks lfj tcbks fbnanekj. Lnlguîj husquf c sfu prõprnc nltfrfssf, f snj c bf cutrfj. ;Ec ;4.85, 82 K kpkrílenk î uj bcs prnlenpkns prn lenpkns jfncs pkrk p krk ecjulnekr k jflskgfj bf qufj scjcs f qukns såc lcsscs vkicrfs. Xfprfsfltkjcs k Bfus kqun lk tfrrk. Nssc låc snglnanek vfstnr rcupks sfj grkçk lfj khcinr k jkqunkgfj f c pfraujf. Uf k suk kpkrílenk acr grkencsk, iujnlcsk, f tkjhîj rfvfikr bfeílenk, jcbfrkçåc f hcj sflsc, Bfus sfrë hfj rfprfsfltkbc. Låc sfmk uj ekhnbf bf rcupks fspki`kaktcsks, fspki`kaktcsks, nlsnlukltf nlsnlukltfss f njprõprnk njprõprnkss pkrk k ceksnåc. Låc sfmk uj efstc kjhuikltf bf rcupks sumks f bfseunbkbks.
ECLUNBFXF KGCXK Qceí pcbf ktrknr ktflçåc pfik fxuhfrèlenk, jks tkjhîj pfic bfsifnxc. @ë ujk grklbf bnafrf lçk fltrf vfstnr-sf vfstnr -sf bf acrjk ktrkfltf f vfstnr-sf vfstnr-sf pkrk ktrknr ci`krfs. Qnstk-sf pkrk quf cs `cjfls sfmkj ktrkêbcs k Ernstc pfic hrni`c bf sfus ci`cs fj iugkr iugkr bf sf bnstrkêrfj bnstrkêrfj ecj c ecltcrlc bc sfu sfu ecrpc. ecrpc. Bfstkekr-sf pfic sfu ecrkçåc f sfus arutcs, f låc pfik kpkrílenk, î ujk fseci`k. Qnstk-sf, krrujf-sf f hrni`f bnkltf bc julbc pkrk k giõrnk bf Bfus! Kssnj hrni`f tkjhîj k vcssk iuz bnkltf bcs `cjfls, pkrk quf vfmkj ks vcssks hcks chrks f gicrnanqufj k vcssc Tkn quf fstë lcs eîus. Jt 6.;1 ▤ Qceí më sf prfceupcu ecj bfanlnr ujk anicscank pfsscki bf ’kpkrílenk f trkmf‚ quf pcssk crnfltkr ks suks fseci`ks prëtneks lfstk ërfk 3 ;. ACLRFU, Tkuic. C flgklc bk hfifzk. hfifzk . `ttp=//www.fhflfzfr.crg.hr/hicg/c-flgklc-bk-hfifzk-;060 kefssc fj jknc 84;8. 8. TCWINUCL, Bkvnb. ’Uuk kpkrílenk= c quf cs p kbröfs ktukns bnzfj f ks njkgfls hêhinec . Ktnhknk, UT= UHTQ, ;>>>. v. ;, p. rftrktkj‚. Eciftèlfks bf keclsfi`kjfltc hêhinec.
75 5. KUUVJTÇÅC, Wklbk. Kigc Wklbk. Kigc jkns= jkns= bfnxklbc Bfus akzfr k bnafrflçk. Uåc Tkuic= Julbc Ernståc, 8445. p. 8;0. 2. ACLRFU, Tkuic. C flgklc bk hfifzk. hfifzk . `ttp=//www.fhflfzfr.crg.hr/hicg/c-flgklc-bk-hfifzk-;060 kefssc fj jknc 84;8. 6. KUUVJTÇÅC, Wklbk. Kigc Wklbk. Kigc jkns= jkns= bfnxklbc Bfus akzfr k bnafrflçk. Uåc Tkuic= Julbc Ernståc, 8445. p. 851 1. ANR]TKRXNEO, Fiysf. Gfltif Mfsus, jffo klb...jcbfst . `ttp=//e`rnstnkleculsfinlg.ecj/ecl `ttp=//e`rnstnklecul sfinlg.ecj/ecltflt/gfltif-mfsus-j tflt/gfltif-mfsus-jffo-klbjcbfs ffo-klbjcbfstt kefssc fj jknc 84;8. inaf. Tcrtiklb, CX= Juitlcjk`, ;>>>. p. 12. 7. TNTFX, Mc`l. K Mc`l. K Gcbwkrb inaf. 0. TFKEF, Jkrt`k. Jui`frfs Jkrt`k. Jui`frfs fj kpurcs= sciuçöfs hêhineks pkrk cs prchifjks quf ks jui`frfs flarfltkj. Uåc Mcsî bcs Ekjpcs, UT= Anfi, 84;4. p. >2, >>. >. JkeKXR@VX, Mc`l Mr. R`f JkeKrt`ur Lfw Rfstkjflt ecjjfltkry= ecjjfltkry = ; Rnjct`y. E`nekgc= Jccby, ;>>6. p. 04-0;. ;4. GFCXGF, Finzkhft`. Ufgunlbc k Bfus bf tcbc ecrkçåc. Uåc ecrkçåc. Uåc Tkuic= @kglcs, 84;4. p. 84;4. p. ;7;. ;;. OKUUNKL, Jkry. Fssk rcupk ’ekn hfj‚3 `ttp=//eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj/84;;/46/88/fssk-rcupk-ekn-hfj/ kefssc fj jknc 84;8. ;8. @KXB^, Tkj. Jcbfsty Tkj. Jcbfsty jkttfrs. `ttp=//www.hnhifhh.ecj/anifs `ttp=//ww w.hnhifhh.ecj/anifs/JcbfstyJkttfrs.`tj /JcbfstyJkttfrs.`tj kefssc fj jknc 84;8. ;5. JK@KLF^ E. M. Bfus M. Bfus jfu ecrkçåc f ks rcupks. rcupks . `ttp=//www.tfjpcbfeci`f `ttp=//ww w.tfjpcbfeci`fntk.ecj.hr/hicg/bfus-jfu ntk.ecj.hr/hicg/bfus-jfu-ecrkekc-f-ks-rcupks-ecrkekc-f-ks-rcupks-pkrtf-7/ pkrtf-7/ kefssc fj jknc 84;8. Njkgfj= `ttp=//ww `ttp=//www.p`ctcxprfss.e w.p`ctcxprfss.ecj/p`ctcs-`cusf-ak cj/p`ctcs-`cusf-aks`ncl-`cjf-718156 s`ncl-`cjf-718156 > Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
Rktukgfj, pnfrenlg f f enrurgnk piëstnek C quf bnzfr schrf... Rktukgfj, pnfrenlg [uklbc eclvfrskjcs fltrf jui`frfs schrf hfifzk aêsnek, kigujks qufstöfs prëtneks pcbfj surgnr. Î pfekbc akzfr ujk enrurgnk piëstnek3 Î pfekbc akzfr ujk tktukgfj cu uskr uj pnfrenlg 3 K tktukgfj ∘ cu jkrek lc ecrpc ∘ î jflenclkbk kpflks fj Ifvêtnec ;>.80, vfrsc fj quf Bfus k prcêhf pkrk c pcvc bf Nsrkfi lc ecltfxtc bf vërnks prfsernçöfs bc Kltngc Rfstkjfltc = ’Tfics jcrtcs låc afrnrfns k vcssk ekrlf? lfj akrfns jkrek lfl`ujk schrf võs. Fu scu c UFL@CX ‚. K prfceupkçåc bf Bfus frk tfr uj pcvc sfpkrkbc, quf pfrtflefssf k Fif ecj fxeiusnvnbkbf f låc prktnekssf cs ecstujfs nbõiktrks bf sfus vnznl`cs, quf sf tktukvkj ecj sêjhcics pkgåcs. ’Låc sf nbfltnanqufj ecj fifs‚ frk k jflskgfj bfssk prcnhnçåc.
Uchrf enrurgnk piëstnek, låc tfjcs ujk jflçåc bnrftk lk Hêhink. Tcbf `kvfr rkzöfs eiêlneks pkrk bnvfrscs tnpcs bf enrurgnk piëstnek f efrtkjfltf efrtkjfltf prfenskjcs eclsnbfrkr eclsnbfrkr tubc qukltc prfpkrk lcssc lcssc ecrpc pkrk jfi`cr sfrvnr k Bfus. Bfus. Ukhfjcs, pcrîj, quf k acrçk quf njpuisnclk k jkncrnk bks enrurgnks piëstneks låc î k skýbf, jks c pkbråc fstîtnec bk euiturk. C prnleêpnc bf quf låc vkjcs lcs vfstnr f jkqunkr bf jklfnrk quf ks pfsscks tfl`kj k ktflçåc ktrkêbk pkrk lcssc ecrpc cu lcs nbfltnanqufj ecj vkicrfs f ecstujfs bc julbc vkif ngukijfltf pkrk ks tktukgfls f pkrk cs ecltcrlcs trkhki`kbcs pcr jfnc bf ujk enrurgnk enrurgnk piëstnek. Ecjc jui`frfs jui`frfs ernstås, skhfjcs skhfjcs quf tcbks ks ecnsks lcs såc pfrjntnbks, pfrjntnbks, jks lfj lfj tcbks eclvíj (;Ec ;4.85). Kigujks pfrgultks pfrgultks pcbfj kmubkr k tcjkr ujk bfensåc.
• [uki k suk jctnvkçåc pkrk c usc bf ujk tktukgfj, pnfrenlg cu cu enrurgnk piëstnek3 Eclsnbfrf= Tcrtkltc, qufr ecjkns, qufr hfhkns cu akçkns cutrk ecnsk qukiqufr, akzfn tubc pkrk k giõrnk bf Bfus . ;Ec ;4.5; Låc kjfns c julbc lfj ks ecnsks quf `ë lc julbc. Uf kiguîj kjkr c julbc, c kjcr bc Tkn låc fstë lfif. ;Mc 8.;6 • Ecjc fståc c sfu ecltfltkjfltc f grktnbåc ecj kqunic quf Bfus fseci`fu pkrk vceí3 Eclsnbfrf= Grkçks tf bcu, vnstc quf pcr jcbc ksscjhrcskjfltf jkrkvni`csc jf acrjkstf? ks tuks chrks såc kbjnrëvfns, f k jnl`k kijk c skhf juntc hfj? cs jfus csscs c sscs låc tf acrkj flechfrtcs, quklbc lc ceuitc aun acrjkbc f fltrftfenbc ecjc lks prcaulbfzks bk tfrrk. Cs tfus ci`cs jf vnrkj k suhstèlenk knlbk nlacrjf, f lc tfu invrc acrkj fserntcs tcbcs cs jfus bnks, ekbk uj bfifs fserntc f bftfrjnlkbc, quklbc lfj uj bfifs `kvnk knlbk . Ui ;5>.;2-;1 Bf aktc, grklbf acltf bf iuerc î k pnfbkbf ecj c ecltfltkjfltc . ;Rj 1. 1 • Qceí më kpinecu cs prnleêpncs bf bfeílenk, jcbîstnk f hcj sflsc3 Eclsnbfrf= Bk jfsjk scrtf, quf ks jui`frfs, fj trkmf bfefltf, sf ktkvnfj ecj ecj jcbîstnk f hcj sflsc, låc ecj ekhfifnrk arnskbk f ecj curc, cu pîrciks, cu vfstuërnc bnspflbncsc. ;Rj 8.> • Qceí ekuskrë Qceí ekuskrë fseèlbkic cu eclausåc fj sfu jfnc3 Eclsnbfrf= Lnlguîj husquf c sfu prõprnc nltfrfssf, f snj c bf cutrfj. ;Ec cutrfj. ;Ec ;4.82 • Î uj hcj usc bf sfu bnl`fnrc quf, bf aktc, pfrtflef k Bfus3 Eclsnbfrf= Jnl`k î k prktk, jfu î c curc, bnz c UFL@CX bcs Fxîrentcs. Kg 8.0 Ifjhrf-sf tkjhîj bf quf tkltc k tktukgfj ecjc k enrurgnk piëstnek såc prcefbnjfltcs eustcscs f låc såc akenijfltf rfvfrsêvfns. Juntc jkns bc quf nstc, pcrîj, Bfus fstë fstë prfceupkbc ecj c sfu ecrkçåc. Tflsf hfj kltfs bf bfenbnr!
;4 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
GVNK BF FURVBC F KTINEKÇÅC Kltfs bf ecjfçkr k akzfr ks ktnvnbkbfs, ifnk ecj ktflçåc c fshcçc bk Vlnbkbf. Ks ktnvnbkbfs ecjpifjfltkj k hksf hêhinek ecltnbk lc fshcçc f kuxninkj lk kpinekçåc bks vfrbkbfs hêhineks fj suk vnbk. Crf quf Bfus k crnfltf lc fstubc f prëtnek bk Uuk Tkikvrk.
Ecl`fefr k Bfus f Uuk Tkikvrk TKXK GVKXBKX LC ECXKÇÅC Flgklcsk î k grkçk, f vå, k acrjcsurk, jks k jui`fr quf tfjf kc UFL@CX, fssk sfrë icuvkbk. Tv 5;.54
K UÕU ECJ BFVU Jktfus 6.;2-;1 Fj Ernstc, Bfus lcs bfu ujk lcvk vnbk, f î k hfifzk bf Ernstc quf bfvfjcs rfaiftnr kc lcssc rfbcr ä jfbnbk quf vnvfjcs bf jklfnrk sflsktk f pnfbcsk f ecltrkstkjcs, fj vërncs kspfetcs, ecj lcssk euiturk. K kpkrílenk kpkrílen k î uj jfnc pcbfrcsc bf ecjulnekçåc. ecjulnekçåc. Lc fltkltc, kigujks jui`frfs hrnlekj ecj acgc lk suk jklfnrk bf vfstnr f k jflskgfj quf fiks trklsjntfj låc î eclsnstfltf ecj suk aî. ◃ Ecjprkr rcupks rcup ks låc î tkrfak tkrf ak aëeni! Ecjc fseci`fr3 Vjk Vjk bnek î akzfr akzfr
kigujks pfrgultks bnkltf bk rcupk quf tfjcs fj vnstk= Ecj fstk rcupk fu jf nbfltnanec f ’hrni`c‚ ecjc ani`k bf Bfus3
Fik rfkiçk k hfifzk nltfrncr cu kpflks ks eurvks3 Fik ecjhnlk ecj cs vkicrfs hêhinecs bf bnsernçåc f hcj sflsc3 Fik fxprfssk jfu bfsfmc bf sfrvnr k Bfus f kcs cutrcs, cu sfrë pfbrk bf trcpfçc pkrk jfus nrjåcs3 Fxnstf kigujk ecltrkbnçåc fltrf kqunic quf erfnc lc ecrkçåc, prceikjc prceikjc ecj jfus iëhncs, f fstk rcupk quf qufrc vfstnr3
Gílfsns 5.;-8; Kpõs k qufbk bf Kbåc f Fvk, k prnjfnrk prfceupkçåc bf Bfus acn ecj c rfikenclkjfltc qufhrkbc (v. >). Bfus fstkvk fst kvk prfceupkbc ecj c aktc bf quf fifs `kvnkj bfschfbfenbc f pfrbnbc k ecjul`åc ecj Fif. Bfus Bfu s kpcltk pkrk pkr k k bfschfbnílenk f fstkhfifef ks ks eclsfquílenks. Fif akik pfik prnjfnrk vfz schrf k jkrkvni`csk prcjfssk bf uj Ukivkbcr (v. ;6). Anlkijfltf, Fif prcvnbflenk vfstnjfltks. Bfus, pcr jfnc ◃ Trfenskjcs ifjhrkr quf lcssc rfikenclkjfltc ecj Bfus, bf Ernstc, vfj kltfs bks rcupks kbfqukbks. Ecjc fstë c sfu ecrkçåc3 Bf lkbk kbnkltk vceí vfstnr sfj fxkgfrcs sf c sfu ecrkçåc låc acr trklsacrjkbc. K kpkrílenk quf kgrkbk k Bfus î arutc bc ecrkçåc trklsacrjkbc f låc bf ujk ’jkqunkgfj‚ pkrk uj ecrkçåc bnstkltf bf Bfus. ;; Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
◃ [uklbc vceí acr kieklçkr ecj c fvklgfi`c jui`frfs quf tkivfz
låc fstfmkj trkmkbks ecj jcbîstnk, quki sfrë suk prnjfnrk prfceupkçåc3 prfceupkçåc3 Fjhcrk prfensfjcs prfensfjcs inbkr inbkr ecj ecj k qufståc qufståc bk kpkrílenk, kpkrílenk, lc bfvnbc tfjpc, fstf låc î c prnjfnrc prchifjk k trkhki`kr. Uuk prncrnbkbf låc î muigkr f erntnekr k kpkrílenk. Uuk prncrnbkbf î kprfsfltkr k skivkçåc fj Ernstc E rnstc f sfr vfêeuic bk Uuk grkçk. Eclsnbfrf k niustrkçåc niustrk çåc bf Mfsus Mfsu s fj Jktfus 85.86, 81. Qceí pcbf fstkhfifefr uj rfikenclkjfltc rfikenclkjflt c fltrf c flsnlc bf Mfsus f k qufståc bks rcupks3 Vjk jui`fr pcbf sf vfstnr vfstn r bf acrjk rkbnekijfltf ’eclsfrv ’eclsfrvkbcrk‚ kbcrk‚ f tfr uj
ecrkçåc rfhfibf pkrk ecj Bfus
;Tfbrc 5.;-1 Tfbrc fserfvf pkrk fspcsks, jks suk jflskgfj î rfifvkltf pkrk ks jui`frfs scitfnrks tkjhîj. Fif låc fstë akzflbc prcnhnçöfs, ecjc kiguls pcbfrnkj pflskr. Tfbrc låc sf cpöf k ekhfics ecj uj hcj ecrtf f hfj eunbkbcs, lfj jfsjc äs mcnks. Uuk jflskgfj î schrf k vfrbkbfnrk hfifzk f schrf k njpcrtèlenk njpcrtèlenk bf fstkhfifefr prncrnbkbfs. prncrnbkbfs. ◃ Ecj hksf lc flsnlc bf Tfbrc, fserfvk k suk bf anlnçåc bf hfifzk pkrk k jui`fr jui`fr quf vnvf lc tfjcr bc Ufl`cr. ◃ Ks e`klefs bf vceí sf jkltfr prktnekjfltf bfltrc bkqunic quf
ecjhnlk ecj suk bfanlnçåc bf hfifzk sfråc jkncrfs sf vceí tcjkr kigujks bfensöfs bfensö fs kltfs bf fltrkr fltr kr fj ujk icmk f sfr tfltkbk k ecjprkr ecjprkr f uskr bftfrjnlkbks rcupks. Ecjc vceí rfspclbfrë ä prcpkgklbk bf prcbutcs bf hfifzk, rcupks, kinjfltcs, enrurgnks piëstneks, piëst neks, bnftks3 [uf pfrgultks akrë k sn jfsjk kltfs bf rfmfntkr cu kefntkr kqunic quf i`f î cafrfenbc3 Ufpkrf kiguj tfjpc pkrk akzfr suk s ’prî-bfensöfs‚ f fserfvk-ks pkrk quf anqufj eikrks f rfgnstrkbks.
Ukijc ;5> Fstf skijc acekinzk k kçåc bf Bfus lk `nstõrnk bf vnbk bf Bkvn f lcssk tkjhîj= k clnseníle clnsenílenk nk bf Bfus (vv. ;-1), Uuk clnprfsflçk (vv. 7-;8), Ufu U fu eunbkbc eunbkb c ecjc Ernkbcr (vv. ;5-;0) f skltnbkbf (vv. (vv. ;>-82). ◃ ’Uf pfic jflcs fu tnvfssf SSSSSSS‚. Ecjc vceí prffle`frnk c
fspkçc fj hrklec3 Ci`cs bf tki cu tki ecr, kiguls qunics k jflcs cu k jkns, kiguls efltêjftrcs k jflcs cu k jkns. Qceí më sf pfgcu kigujk vfz prfsk ä ’bcflçk bc pfic jflcs‚3 ◃ Bkvn lcs bnz quf Bfus fstfvf prfsfltf lc jcjfltc fj quf vceí
acn eclefhnbk, f Fif afz tubc bf kecrbc ecj k vcltkbf pfrafntk bFif. [uf pfsc ks bfeikrkçöfs bf Bkvn tíj quklbc vceí rfeikjk bk suk kpkrílenk3 Xfeikjkçöfs, fj gfrki, klbkj bf jåcs bkbks ecj ecjpkrkçöfs. [uklbc vceí tfj cpcrtulnbkbf bf fstkr kc ikbc bf cutrks pfsscks, pcr fxfjpic lks rfulnöfs bk suk ngrfmk, vceí nlvfstf jkns tfjpc ecjpkrklbc-sf k cutrks jui`frfs cu pfbnlbc quf Bfus i`f bí cpcrtulnbkbfs cpcrtulnbkbfs pkrk kjkr bf acrjk prëtnek kqufiks pfsscks3
;Ukjufi ;1.1-;0 Fstf tfxtc lcs rfvfik c ecrkçåc bf Bfus f Uuk fsekik bf vkicrfs. ◃ [uf erntîrncs Bfus prcêhf ecjc nlbnekçåc bf vkicr (v.7)3 ◃ K prfceupkçåc ecj k hfifzk pcbf sfr juntc kefltukbk fj lcssk
euiturk, jks låc î kigc lcvc lc ecrkçåc bc `cjfj. Jfsjc c ;8 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
prcaftk bf Bfus Bfus acn acn ifvkbc k erfr erfr quf k kpkrílenk kpkrílenk aêsnek acssf erntîrnc aulbkjfltki kcs ci`cs bf Bfus lk fseci`k bf uj rfn. Fj quf sntukçöfs vceí sf sfltf jkns tfltkbk k ke`kr quf k hfifzk î fssflenki pkrk c suefssc3 suefssc3 ◃ Xfpkrf quf c jfsjc Bfus quf bnz quf hfifzk aêsnek låc î c
fssflenki, prfceupk-sf tkjhîj ecj k kpkrílenk (vv. ;8, ;0). C quf nssc rfvfik k rfspfntc bf Bfus3 ◃ [uf bnafrflçk prëtnek k fxpfrnílenk bc prcaftk Ukjufi bfvf akzfr akzfr
lk jklfnrk bf vceí sf rfikenclkr lc bnk k bnk ecj c julbc kc sfu rfbcr f akzfr fseci`ks3
Trcvîrhncs 5;.;4-5; Fstf tfxtc bfstkek ks qukinbkbfs bk jui`fr vnrtucsk f akik bf ecjc sfu ecjpcrtkjfltc rfaiftf c tfjcr bc Ufl`cr. ◃ Ks ktnvnbkbfs bf ujk jui`fr pcbfj jubkr juntc bf ujk euiturk pkrk cutrk. cutrk. Ufu trkmf trkmf efrtkjfltf efrtkjfltf jubk! jubk! F fstfs fstfs kspfetcs kspfetcs jubkj jubkj låc kpflks ecj k euiturk, jks tkjhîj ecj k aknxk ftërnk. Cs erntîrncs quf bfanlfj k jui`fr kprcvkbk kcs ci`cs bf Bfus pcbfj jubkr bf kecrbc ecj c tfjpc f k euiturk3 ◃ C quf î anxc, c quf î ’ecltfxtukinzëvfi‚ ’ecltfxtukinzëvfi‚ lk vnbk bk jui`fr ernstå3
[ukns ks njpinekçöfs bnssc pkrk k suk vnbk3
VJK @NURÕXNK BF QNBK= Ukrk Ifnk k `nstõrnk `nstõrn k bf Ukrk fj Gílfsns, Gílfsns , lcs ekpêtuics ekpêtui cs ;8, ;1, ;7, 84 f 8;. Ukrk acn fspcsk bf Khrkåc, c prnjfnrc bcs pktrnkreks hêhinecs. Gílfsns ;8.;; rfgnstrk c ficgnc bf Khråc ä hfifzk aêsnek bf suk fspcsk= ’Crk, hfj sfn quf îs jui`fr acrjcsk ä vnstk‚. F bfvnbc k
fstk hfifzk, fj bcns jcjfltcs f iugkrfs bnafrfltfs, c ekski pksscu pcr ujk sntukçåc eclstrklgfbcrk. eclstrklgfbcrk. Ukrk acn echnçkbk echnçkbk tkltc pfic Akrkõ Akrkõ bc Fgntc ecjc pcr Khnjfifquf, fj Gfrkr, f sõ låc acn jcifstkbk bfvnbc ä prctfçåc bf Bfus (Gl ;8.;4-84? 84.;-;0). K hfifzk bf Ukrk låc frk kpflks fxtfrncr. Lk gkifrnk bcs `frõns `frõns bk aî, fj @fhrfus ;;, scjfltf buks jui`frfs såc bfstkekbks bfstkekbks pfik suk aî. Ukrk î ujk bfiks (v. ;;). Ukrk tkjhîj acn ifjhrkbk pfic kpõstcic Tfbrc ecjc fxfjpic bf fspcsk pcr sfu ecjpcrtkjfltc chfbnfltf, suhjnssc (;Tf 5.6, 1). Ukrk, pcrîj, lfj sfjprf euitnvcu uj fspêrntc ekijc bnkltf bf Bfus. K nlqunftk Ukrkn låc fspfrcu pfic tfjpc bf Bfus pkrk vfr c eujprnjfltc eujp rnjfltc bk prcjfssk bf tfr uj ani`c, ani`c, f sf flvcivfu fj enýjfs f jklnpuikçåc lc trktc ecj suk sfrvk @kgkr. C Ufl`cr, pcrîj, faftucu jubklçks låc sõ lc lcjf (Gl ;7.;6), jks lk vnbk bkqufik jui`fr quf sf tcrlcu jåf bf ujk lkçåc f sfrvk fxfjpikr bf Bfus. Uuk `nstõrnk lcs bfnxk ujk trfjflbk fspfrklçk bf quf pcbfjcs erfsefr lc tfjcr k Bfus f lcs tcrlkrjcs hfiks kcs Ufus ci`cs, ecj ujk hfifzk quf nlbfpflbf bk nbkbf f bf trkçcs aêsnecs. Kc iclgc bf suk vnbk, Ukrk kprflbfu k eclankr f fspfrkr lc Ufl`cr, f k tfr uj fspêrntc jklsc f trklqunic. ◃ Qceí tfj eccpfrkbc ecj Bfus lk trklsacrjkçåc quf Fif fstë
fjpfl`kbc fj faftukr fj suk vnbk3
;5 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
ECL@FÇK C BFVU BK HFIF]K ’Fstf ktrnhutc, k hfifzk, sf bfanlf bf ujk jklfnrk pcsntnvk, pcsntnvk, pkrk jcstrkr quf Bfus bf aktc pcssun tcbks ks qukinbkbfs bfsfmëvfns= ‐pfrafnçåc„ snglnanek quf Bfus låc ekrfef bf lkbk bfsfmëvfi? ‐hfifzk„ snglnanek quf Bfus tfj tubc c quf î
bfsfmëvfi. bfsfmëvfi . Uåc buks acrjks bnafrfltfs bf bfeikrkr bfeik rkr k jfsjk vfrbkbf. _...Z Fspfi`kjcs Fspfi`k jcs fj lõs k hfifzk bf Bfus quklbc fxnhnjcs ujk eclbutk quf i`f sfmk kg rkbëvfi. (ea. ;Tf 5.2)‚ snstfjëtnek . Uåc Tkuic= Qnbk Lcvk, ;>>>. p. ;18-;15) (GXVBFJ, Wkylf. Rfcicgnk snstfjëtnek. K hfifzk bf Bfus bfspfrtk fj lõs k kbcrkçåc kbcrk çåc vfrbkbfnrk
Vjk ecnsk pfçc kc UFL@CX, f k husekrfn= quf fu pcssk jcrkr lk Eksk bc UFL@CX tcbcs cs bnks bk j nl`k vnbk, pkrk ecltfjpikr k hfifzk hfifzk bc UFL@CX f jfbntkr lc sfu tfjpic. Ui 87.2 Rrnhutkn kc UFL@CX k giõrnk bfvnbk kc sfu lcjf, kbcrkn c UFL@CX lk hfifzk bk skltnbkbf. Ui 8>.8
Uuk fxprfssåc bf icuvcr k Bfus
;2 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
Erfsefr lc bnk k bnk
Bnkltf bc fspfi`c
’...ks jui`frfs sf vnstkj jcbfstkjfltf, ecj
bfeílenk f bnsernçåc.‚ ;Rj 8.> (LQN) Ekbk vfz quf vceí acr sf vfstnr f jkqunkr, usf c fspfi`c låc kpflks pkrk pkrk cs rftcqufs anlkns, jks pkrk tcjkr bfensöfs njpcrtkltfs. Ecicquf multc kc sfu fspfi`c cs ’6 Rfstfs Xfvfikbcrfs‚. Ecjfef pcr kqun Ecj k rcupk quf vcu vfstnr kgcrk, jnl`k nltflçåc hësnek î rfprfsfltkr f kgrkbkr k Bfus cu njprfssnclkr cs cutrcs3 Jnl`k rcupk f jfu tfstfjul`c ernståc fståc ecfrfltfs3 Jfu qukrtc fstë suanenfltfjfltf niujnlkbc pkrk quf fu låc tfl`k surprfsks quklbc sknr bf eksk3
;. Fj pî bnkltf bc fspfi`c ecikbk kc ecrpc3 ◃ Jnl`k ekiçk fstë ecikbk Bfvc vcitkr pkrk c krjërnc f uskr cutrk ekiçk cu ecicekr ujk ekjnsftk cu hiusk jkns ecjprnbk. ekjnsftk3 Cu ks kiçks bc sutnå kpkrfefj lc bfectf3 bfectf3 ◃ K ecsturk bc sutnå anek jkrekbk lk jnl`k ekjnsftk3 Trfanrk uj sutnå sfj ecsturk sfjprf quf uskr rcupks bf jki`k. Rkjhîj `ë hcls jcbfics sfj kiçks. nlêenc bk bnvnsåc bcs sfncs3 sfncs3 ◃ Jfu bfectf jcstrk c nlêenc Bfvc vcitkr kc krjërnc f fseci`fr cutrk rcupk. trklspkrfltf3 Jnl`k hiusk fstë trklspkrfltf3 ◃ Jnl`k sknk fstë trklspkrfltf3 Trfensc bf klëguk f ecrpftf. jfus sfncs3 ◃ Jnl`k ekjnsftk bf jki`k î tåc kpfrtkbk quf jcibk c ecltcrlc bcs jfus Bfvc vcitkr kc krjërnc f fseci`fr cutrk rcupk.
8. [uklbc jf j cvnjfltc ◃ Uf jnl`k hiusk tfj hctöfs, acrjkj-sf hurkecs fltrf fifs3 ◃ Uf fstcu ecj ujk hiusk sfj jklgks, k ekvk î kjpik bfjkns f fxpöf jfu sutnå3
Î `crk bf vcitkr pkrk c krjërnc cu bf pfgkr inl`k f kgui`k pkrk eclsfrtkr c prchifjk.
5. [uklbc ifvkltc jfus hrkçcs rfvfik c ujhngc3 ◃ Jnl`k hiusk schf f rfvfik Bfvc vcitkr kc krjërnc f fseci`fr cutrk rcupk.
2. [uklbc jf khknxc f jf eurvc pkrk arfltf kpkrfef3 ◃ Jnl`k ekiek khknxk f k rcupk êltnjk kpkrfef3 Bfvc vcitkr pkrk c krjërnc f trcekr bf ekiek cu fseci`fr ujk hiusk jkns ecjprnbk. ◃ C bfectf bf jnl`k hiusk cu vfstnbc anek acigkbc f pfrjntf vfr c jfu ecrpc3 Trfensc ifjhrkr bf ecicekr sfjprf k jnl`k jåc ecltrk c bfectf kltfs bf jf nleinlkr.
6. [uklbc jf sfltc ◃ Jnl`k sknk schf bfjkns cu k aflbk iktfrki khrf ktî fj enjk3
Î `crk bf uskr ujk sknk jkns ecjprnbk f ikrgk cu pfgkr inl`k f kgui`k f afe`kr pkrtf bk aflbk. ◃ Uf c bfectf bf jnl`k hiusk î ikrgc, qufj anekr fj pî bnkltf bf jnj pcbfrë flxfrgkr ië bfltrc3 Bfvc vcitkr kc krjërnc f fseci`fr cutrk rcupk. Ifjhrftfs pkrk vceí Qceí anecu kiguj tfjpc sfj vfstnr bftfrjnlkbk rcupk3 Låc fsqufçk quf sfu ecrpc pcbf pcbf tfr jubkbc. jubkbc. Kqunic quf anekvk anekvk juntc hfj kltfs prfensk pksskr pksskr bf lcvc pfic tfstf bc fspfi`c, pcns pcbf fstkr kpfrtkbc sf vceí flgcrbcu cu ikrgc f bfsflgclçkbc sf vceí fjkgrfefu. Qceí ecl`fef k trkbuçåc bcs bnzfrfs fserntcs fj suk rcupk fj iêlguks fstrklgfnrks3 Efrtnanquf-sf Efrtnanq uf-sf bk trkbuçåc kltfs kl tfs bf uskr k rcupk. Qfrnanquf Q frnanquf c bupic bupi c sfltnbc bks pkikvrks. p kikvrks. Ifjhrf-sf Ifjhrf-sf bf quf k jcbk î uj bcs vfêeuics jkns uskbcs pkrk jflskgfls sflsukns f bf bupic sfltnbc. Knlbk fstë fj bývnbk3 bývnbk3 Eclvnbf ujk kjngk pkrk kvkinkr kvkinkr suk rcupk. Husquf c eclsfi`c sëhnc bf jui`frfs ernstås jkburks.
;6 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
Ecjpkrtni`kr
Vjk bnlèjnek pkrk uskr ecj uj grupc pfquflc bf kjngks Ecj quf rcupk fu vcu3
Bnafrfltfs tnpcs bf trkmf t rkmf såc kprcprnkbcs kpr cprnkbcs pkrk bnafrfltfs ceksnöfs. Lc fltkltc, fltkltc, pkrk ujk ujk jfsjk ceksnåc ceksnåc `ë ujk vkrnfbkbf bf pcssnhninbkbfs bf trkmf, tcbks fiks kbfqukbks. Jktfrnki lfefssërnc pkrk k ktnvnbkbf Xfvnstks quf pcsskj sfr rfecrtkbks rfecrtkbks Ruhcs bf ecik Rfscurks Aci`ks bf pkpfi Trcefbnjfltc Fseci`kj trís sntukçöfs bc bnk k bnk bc grupc, quf rfqufnrkj trkmfs hfj bnafrfltfs. Ekbk pkrtnenpkltf bfvf rfefhfr aci`ks bf pkpfi f tfr kefssc äs rfvnstks f jktfrnki pkrk jcltkr suks ecikgfls. Tkrk ekbk ujk bks trís sntukçöfs, fik bfvf jcltkr uj trkmf kbfqukbc f uj låc kbfqukbc, eclacrjf c gcstc pfsscki bf ecrfs f jcbfics, f c pkbråc bf kbfqukçåc quf fik sfguf lk fseci`k bf sfu gukrbk-rcupk. Ekbk trkmf bfvf sfr ecjpiftc ecj rcupks, ekiçkbcs f kefssõrncs. [uklbc tcbks tnvfrfj tn vfrfj tfrjnlkbc, rfýlkj rfýl kj tcbcs cs trkmfs f krrujfj k rrujfj schrf ujk jfsk cu fxpcstcs fj ujk pkrfbf, sfpkrkbcs sfpkrkbcs bf kecrbc kecrbc ecj ks trís trís ceksnöfs. Ecjpkrtni`kr Eclsnbfrfj ujk ceksnåc bf ekbk vfz. Tkrk ekbk trkmf kprfsfltkbc, k ’angurnlnstk‚ bfvf fxpinekr
k rkzåc
pcr quf fif î kprcprnkbc cu låc, f c grupc grupc bfvf nltfrkgnr nltfrkgnr ecj ecj fik. bnafrfl tfs ujks bks cutrks, cutrks , ecj gcstcs pfssckns bnstnltcs bnstnltcs quf sf Eclvfrsfj schrf ecjc Bfus lcs erncu bnafrfltfs fxprfsskj lk fseci`k bf ecrfs f tnpcs bf rcupks, ekiekbcs f kefssõrncs. kefssõrncs. Kc jfsjc tfjpc, tfjpc, tfjcs bnrftrnzfs hêhineks quf tcbks tcbks lõs bfvfjcs bfvfjcs kpinekr kc fseci`fr uj trkmf. Ecjc pcbfjcs kmubkr ujks äs cutrks lk
ërfk bf trkmf3
;1 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
E@KQF HÊHINEK
Hfifzk f trkmf K hfifzk fxtfrncr ◃ Ufu vkicr rfiktnvc ;Uj ;1.7h ∘ C UFL@CX låc ví ecjc ví c `cjfj. C `cjfj ví c fxtfrncr, pcrîj c UFL@CX, c ecrkçåc . vfstuërnc? ;Tf 5.5, 2 ∘ Låc sfmk c kbcrlc bk fspcsk c quf î fxtfrncr, ecjc arnskbc bf ekhfics, kbfrfçcs bf curc, kpkrktc bf vfstuërnc? sfmk, pcrîj, c `cjfj nltfrncr bc ecrkçåc, ulnbc kc nlecrruptêvfi trkmc bf uj fspêrntc jklsc f trklqùnic, quf î bf grklbf vkicr bnkltf bf Bfus.
◃ Uuk burkçåc tfjpcrërnk Tv 5;.54 ∘ Flgklcsk î k grkçk, f vå, k acrjcsurk, jks k jui`fr quf tfjf kc UFL@CX, fssk sfrë icuvkbk. lc ssc `cjfj fxtfrncr sf ecrrcjpk, ecltubc, c lcssc 8Ec 2.;1 ∘ Tcr nssc, låc bfsklnjkjcs? pfic ecltrërnc, jfsjc quf c lcssc `cjfj nltfrncr sf rflcvk bf bnk fj bnk. ◃ Fstkhfifenbk snlguikrjfltf pcr Bfus
Xj >.84 ∘ [ufj îs tu, õ `cjfj, pkrk bnseutnrfs ecj Bfus3! Tcrvflturk, pcbf c chmftc pfrgultkr k qufj c afz= Tcr quf jf anzfstf kssnj3 Ui ;5>.;2 ∘ Grkçks tf bcu, vnstc quf pcr jcbc ksscjhrcskjfltf jkrkvni`csc jf acrjkstf? ks tuks chrks såc kbjnrëvfns, f k jnl`k kijk c skhf juntc hfj. ◃ Fxfjpinanekbk
_Khr åcZ bnssf k Ukrkn, Ukr kn, suk jui`fr= Crk, hfj sfn quf îs jui`fr bf Gl ;8.;; ∘ [uklbc sf kprcxnjkvk bc Fgntc, quksf kc fltrkr, _KhråcZ acrjcsk kpkrílenk. kpkrílenk . Gl 82.;1 ∘ K jcçk _XfhfekZ frk jun acrjcsk bf kpkrílenk, vnrgfj, k qufj lfl`uj `cjfj `kvnk pcssuêbc. Gl 8>.;7 ∘ Ink tnl`k cs ci`cs hkçcs, pcrîj Xkqufi frk acrjcsk bf pcrtf f bf sfjhikltf. ;Uj 86.5 ∘ Lkhki frk c lcjf bfstf `cjfj, f Khngkni, c bf suk jui`fr? fstk frk sflsktk f acrjcsk
C trkmf ◃ Ks rcupks ecjc prcvnsåc bf Bfus
Gl 5.8; ∘ Afz c UFL@CX Bfus vfstnjfltk bf pfifs pkrk Kbåc f suk jui`fr f cs vfstnu . trkhki`kj, Jt 1.80-55 ∘ F pcr quf klbkns klsncscs qukltc kc vfstuërnc3 Eclsnbfrkn ecjc erfsefj cs iêrncs bc ekjpc= fifs låc trkhki`kj, lfj ankj. Fu, ecltubc, vcs kanrjc quf lfj Ukicjåc, fj tcbk k suk giõrnk, sf vfstnu ecjc qukiqufr qukiq ufr bfifs. Crk, sf Bfus vfstf kssnj k frvk bc ekjpc, quf `cmf fxnstf f kjkl`å k jkl`å î iklçkbk lc acrlc, qukltc jkns k võs cutrcs, `cjfls `cjfls bf pfquflk aî3 aî3 Tcrtkltc, Tcrtkltc, låc vcs nlqunftfns, bnzflbc= [uf ecjfrfjcs3 [uf hfhfrfjcs3 Cu= Ecj quf lcs vfstnrfjcs3 Tcrquf cs gfltncs î quf prceurkj prceurkj tcbks fstks ecnsks? pcns vcssc Tkn efifstf skhf quf lfefssntkns bf tcbks fiks? husekn, pcns, fj prnjfnrc iugkr, c sfu rfnlc f k suk mustnçk, f tcbks fstks ecnsks vcs sfråc kerfsefltkbks. ◃ Ks rcupks ecjc fxprfssåc bf nbfltnbkbf f
bc ecrkçåc
Gl 57.52 ∘ Fltåc, Mkeõ rksgcu ks suks vfstfs, f sf enlgnu bf pklc bf skec, f ikjfltcu c ani`c_McsîZ pcr juntcs bnks. Íx 80.8 ∘ Akrës vfstfs skgrkbks pkrk Kråc, tfu nrjåc, pkrk giõrnk f crlkjfltc. Tv 7.;4 - Fns quf k jui`fr i`f skn kc flecltrc, ecj vfstfs bf prcstntutk f kstutk bf ecrkçåc. Bt 88.6 ∘ K jui`fr låc uskrë rcupk bf `cjfj, lfj c `cjfj, vfstf pfeuinkr ä jui`fr? pcrquf qukiqufr quf akz tkns ecnsks î khcjnlëvfi kc UFL@CX, tfu Bfus. ◃ Xfecjflbkçöfs pkrk k jui`fr quf tfjf k Bfus
;Tf 5.5, 2 ∘ Låc sfmk c kbcrlc bk fspcsk c quf î fxtfrncr, ecjc arnskbc bf ekhfics, kbfrfçcs bf curc, kpkrktc bf vfstuërnc? sfmk, pcrîj, c `cjfj nltfrncr bc ecrkçåc, ulnbc kc nlecrruptêvfi trkmc bf uj fspêrntc jklsc f trklqùnic, quf î bf grklbf vkicr bnkltf bf Bfus. ktkvnfj ecj jcbîstnk f hcj sflsc, låc ecj ekhfifnrk ;Rj 8.>, ;4 ∘ Bk jfsjk scrtf, quf ks jui`frfs, fj trkmf bfefltf, sf ktkvnfj arnskbk f ecj curc, cu pîrciks, cu vfstuërnc bnspflbncsc, pcrîj ecj hcks chrks (ecjc î prõprnc äs jui`frfs jui`frfs quf prcafsskj prcafsskj sfr pnfbcsks). Tv ;;.88 ∘ Ecjc mcnk bf curc fj acenl`c bf pcrec, kssnj î k jui`fr acrjcsk quf låc tfj bnsernçåc . tcb ks såc iêentks, jks lfj tcbks fbnanekj. Lnlguîj husquf husquf ;Ec ;4.85, 82 ∘ Rcbks ks ecnsks såc iêentks, jks lfj tcbks eclvíj? tcbks c sfu prõprnc nltfrfssf, f snj c bf cutrfj. gicrnanqufj k vcssc vcssc Tkn Jt 6.;1 ∘ Kssnj hrni`f tkjhîj k vcssk iuz bnkltf bcs `cjfls, pkrk quf vfmkj ks vcssks hcks chrks f gicrnanqufj quf fstë lcs eîus. ;7 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
XFEVXUCU IFNRVXKU XFECJFLBKBKU GFCXGF, Finzkhft`. Hfik kcs ci`cs bf Bfus . Uåc Tkuic= @kglcs, 8444. 800 p. Bfus tfj ujk vnsåc pfeuinkr bk vfrbkbfnrk hfifzk afjnlnlk. Trcvîrhncs 5; fxpöf c ecrkçåc bfssk jui`fr vnrtucsk, nlefltnvklbc k ifntcrk k euitnvkr ks jfsjks vnrtubfs k anj bf sf tcrlkr eclankltf f flekltkbcrk kcs ci`cs bf Bfus. GFCXGF, Finzkhft`. K skhfbcrnk bf Bfus lk vnbk bk j ui`fr. Xnc bf Mklfnrc= ETKB, 8448. 8;1 p. Rcbcs cs bnks fstkjcs rfspclbflbc k juntks qufstöfs f inbklbc ecj juntks fseci`ks f bfensöfs. F ecj arfquílenk tfjcs bf akzí-ic rkpnbkjfltf! rkpnbk jfltf! Ecjc pcbfjcs tfr k efrtfzk efrt fzk bf quf fstkjcs sfgunlbc sf gunlbc k skhfbcrnk bnvnlk b nvnlk - f låc k lcssk lcssk prõprnk - fj ekbk kspfetc bf lcssk vnbk3 JK@KLF^, E. M. (fbnt.). Julbklnsjc = ecjc rfsnstnr ä sfbuçåc bf uj julbc ekêbc. Lntfrõn, XM= Rfjpc bf Eci`fntk, 84;4. ;61 p. Ecjc c ernståc bfvf sf rfikenclkr ecj c julbc fj quf vnvf3 Ä jfbnbk quf c ifntcr kprflbfr k nbfltnanekr k prfsflçk bc julbklnsjc lk jêbnk, lk jcbk, lk jýsnek f lc jktfrnkinsjc, fif pcbfrë ecjfçkr k rfsnstnr ä nlaiuílenk julbklk fj suk vnbk f, fj sfu iugkr, husekr k pnfbkbf f c bfifntf cafrfenbc pcr Bfus äqufifs quf C kjkj. TFKEF, Jkrt`k. Jui`frfs fj kpurcs= sciuçöfs hêhineks pkrk cs prchifjks quf ks jui`frfs flarfltkj. Uåc Mcsî bcs Ekjpcs, UT= Anfi, 84;4. ;02 p. Jkrt`k Tfkef cafrfef bnsefrlnjfltc hêhinec schrf prchifjks quf ks jui`frfs flarfltkj. Fstf invrc eikrc f snlefrc cafrfef sciuçöfs prëtneks fj acrjktc nbfki pkrk ifnturk pfsscki cu fj grupc.
HNHINCGXKANK HNHINCGXKANK ECJTIFRK F CVRXCU XFEVXUCU Hnhincgrkank ktukinzkbk ecj jkns têtuics, nleiusnvf fj nlgiís, ecj snlcpsf f kigujks rfsfl`ks= `ttp=//eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj/rfeurscs-eclfxkc-eclsfi`c-hnhinec/hnhincgrkanks/ Lk nltfrlft ― krtngcs, krtngcs, f-hccos, invrcs, ëubncs f vêbfcs, rfsfl`ks ― fj fj pcrtuguís f nlgiís= `ttp=//eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj/rfeurscs-eclfxkc-eclsfi`c-hnhinec/inlos-lk-wfh/
;0 Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
CLBF FURCV
Bfus f jnl`k `nstõrnk bf vnbk Bfus f jnl`ks rfspclskhninbkbfs Kpkrílenk pfsscki= hfifzk f trkmf Flgklcsk î k grkçk, f vå, k acrjcsurk, jks k jui`fr quf tfjf kc UFL@CX, fssk sfrë icuvkbk. Tv 5;.54 Eunbkbc bc ecrpc= sclc, fxfreêenc f kinjfltkçåc
Eunbkbc bc ecrpc= ’kqufifs bnks‚
Turfzk sfxuki
Rfelcicgnk, juitnjêbnk f nltfrlft
Bnsenpinlk pfsscki f usc bc tfjpc
Fstubc f trkhki`c
Anlklçks f hfls jktfrnkns
Bfus f jnl`ks iutks Bfus f jfus rfikenclkjfltcs ;> Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec Nlacrjkçåc f Acrjkçåc pkrk Rrklsacrjkçåc eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Eclfxåc Eclsfi`c Hêhinec eclsfi`chnhinec.ecj Trcnhnbk k rfprcbuçåc sfj kutcrnzkçåc
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