SCHOOL OF HOSPITA H OSPITALITY LITY AND TOURISM INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT REPORT
NAME
CEPHAS
SURNAME
KASANGO
REGISTRATION REGISTRAT ION NUMBER
C109555K
PROGRAM PROGRA M
ADVANCED ADV ANCED DIPLOMA IN HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM
ASSESMENT YEAR
2012
COMPANY
TOUCHWOOD LODGES
This r!"r# is s$%&i##' #" #h D!(r#&)# "* H"s!i#(+i#, ()' T" T"$ris& $ris& (# Chi)h",i U)i-rsi#, "* T.h)"+"/, i) !(r#i(+ *$+*i+&)# "* #h r$ir&)#s "* #h A'-().' Di!+"&( i) H"s!i#(+i#, ()' T"$ris& T"$ris& (s *r"& #h %/i))i)/ "* D. 2011 #" #h &")#h )' "* $) 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE O3 CONTENTS2 CONTENTS2
CHAPTER ONE4 ONE4 10 INTRODUCTION4 INTRODUCTION4 11 BACKGROUND O3 THE ORGANISA ORGANISATI TION ON5 5
11
Visi") Vi si") s#(#&)# s#(#&)#5 5
114 Missi") s#(#&)# s#(#&)#5 5 12 Or/()i6(#i")(+ S#r$.#$r7 S#r$.#$r7 1 I&!"r#(). "* V(ri"$s V(ri"$s D!(r#&)#s8 D!(r#&)#s8 CHAPTER TWO11 TWO11 A.#i-i#is C"-r' D$ri)/ A##(.h&)#11 A##(.h&)#11 CHAPTER THREE17 THREE17 SWOT A)(+,sis17 A)(+,sis17 Ch(++)/s20 Ch(++)/s 20 R."&&)'(#i")s21 R."&&)'(#i")s 21 CHAPTER 3OUR 22 22 E-(+$(#i") "* #h i)#r)shi! r.is i) r+(#i") #" #h"r#i.(+ ()' !r(.#i.(+ :"r; (# #h U)i-rsi#,22 U)i-rsi#, 22 O-r(++ r."&&)'(#i")s #" TWL25 TWL25 CHAPTER 3IVE27 3IVE27 C").+$si")27 C").+$si") 27
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I# is &, h(r#*+# 'sir #" /i- &, /r(#i#$' #" #h *"++":i)/< =
T"$.h T" $.h:""' :""' L"' L"'/s /s *"r *"r "** "**ri) ri)/ / & ( !+(. !+(. *"r (## (##(.h& (.h&)# )#
=
T"$.h:""' T" $.h:""' L"'/s &()(/& &()(/&)# )# ()' ()' s#(** s#(** *"r (ssi (ssis#i) s#i)/ / & i) i) h(-i)/ h(-i)/ ( #(s# #(s# "* #h
i)'$s#r, =
T"$.h:""' L"'/s *"r "**ri)/ & (.."&&"'(#i") #hr"$/h"$# &, (##(.h&)# !ri"'
=
M, S$!r-is"r S$)%(& (.hi ()' &, *ri)' A$/$s#i) 3(;(.h( *"r s$!!"r#i)/ & #hr"$/h ()' #hr"$/h
=
M"s#+, #h L"r' A+&i/h#,> :i#h"$# hi&> I :"$+')?# h(- s(i+' #hr"$/h
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Es#(%+ish' I) 1999 T"$.h:""' L"'/s "**rs i#s /$s#s ."&*"r#(%+ (.."&&"'(#i") i) ( $i# ()' #h"$/h#*$++, +()'s.(!' ."$)#r, s##i)/ :i#h i#s
/(r')s h(-i)/ %) .(r*$++, !+())' #" .r(# %($#i*$+ (r(s $)'r i)'i/)"$s @i&%(%:() #rs :hi.h (r i'(+ *"r "$#'""r *$).#i")s> &(+s> %r((is ()' #r()$i+ r+((#i")
C$rr)#+, #h L"'/ h(s 19 r""&s :hi.h ."&!riss "* *"$r .$#i- s$i#s ()' #h r&(i)'r "* #h r""&s %i)/ '"$%+s ()' #:i) r""&s &(;i)/ i# #h +(r/s# L"'/ i) #h .i#, A++ r""&s h(- Di/i#(+ S(#++i# TV (..ss (s :++ (s ( #+!h") +i) #)si") Th L"'/ "**rs i#s /$s#s ."&*"r#(%+ (.."&&"'(#i") i) ( $i# ()' #h"$/h#*$++, +()'s.(!' ."$)#r, s##i)/
Thr is ") %i/ .")*r). r""& :hi.h .(#r *"r +(r/ ()' s&(++ .")*r).s> .h$r.h sr-i.s (s :++ (s *$).#i")s +i;> :''i)/s ()' %ir#h'(,s $s# 15 ;i+"&#rs *r"& #":)> T"$.h:""' L"'/s "**rs *(.i+i#is s$.h (s ( s:i&&i)/ !""+> #))is ()' %(s;#%(++ ."$r# ()' ( s"..r !i#.h
Background T"$.h:""' L"'/s is ( +is$r /r"$! #h(# ":)s #hr s#r(#/i. %$si)ss $)i#s )(&+, Ci#, L"'/ si#$(#' i) #h .i#, .)#r> Wi+'r)ss L"'/s si#$(#' ") #h "$# s;(#s "* K:;: ()' T"$.h:""' L"'/s si#$(#' 15;& *r"& #h h(r# "* ;:;: (+")/ G:r$ hi/h:(, Th L"'/ :(s s#(%+ish' (s ( %$si)ss s#r(#/i. $)i# i) 1999 I# :(s ."&!+#' ") #h 19#h "* A$/$s# 199 ()' s#(r#' "!r(#i)/ ") #h 20#h "* ()$(r, 1999 :i#h ")+, #hr :"r;rs ") #h /r"$)' I# :(s r/is#r' (s s!(r(# +/(+ )#i#, Pri-(# C"&!(), $)'r #h )(& T"$.h:""' L"'/s I# :(s "**i.i(++, "!)' ") #h (%"-
&)#i")' '(#> %, #h ."&!(),s &()(/i)/ 'ir.#"r Mr Th&%( M$s;i:( Touc!ood Lodg"# $%#%on S&a&"'"n&(
T" % #h *irs# .h"i. 's#i)(#i") i) #h #"$ris& ()' +is$r %$si)ss M%##%on S&a&"'"n&(
I) *$+*i++i)/ "$r &issi") : s; #" =
O**r s#(# "* #h (r# *(.i+i#is> :hi.h &# .h()/i)/ &(r;# )'s
=
Cr(# () "$#s#()'i)/ )-ir")&)# "* :"r; %(s' ") +(r)i)/ i) #h r/i")
=
I).r(s "$r &(r;# sh(r i) #h r/i") ()' %,")'
=
I')#i*, ()' r.r$i# ;, !rs"))+ #" i&!(r# #r(i)i)/ ()' "**r .++)# sr-i.s
Cor" $a)u"#(
=
Pr" **i.i).,
=
I))"-(#i")
=
D,)(&is&
*
Tr()s!(r).,
*
C")sis#).,
*
3(ir)ss
*
A.."$)#(%i+i#,
Touc!ood Lodg"# Organogra' M()(/i)/ Dir.#"r
M()(/i)/ Dir.#"r
G)r(+ M()(/r
A.."$)#()# 3B M()(/r 3O M()(/r
3)% .")#r"++r Rs#($r()# s$!r-is"r *" s$!r-is"r H K
Ch*
P"r#r
Th L"'/ is ('&i)is#r' %,> #h %"(r' "* 'ir.#"rs #h) #h G)r(+ M()(/r FG M Th G M "-rss #h h+& "* #h '(, #" '(, r$))i)/ "* #h L"'/ Th G M r!"r#s #" #h L"'/s %"(r' "* 'ir.#"rs E(.h '!(r#&)# h(s ( &()(/r #h *r")# "**i. &()(/r> *""' ()' %-r(/ &()(/r> h$&() rs"$r.s &()(/r> (.."$)#()# ()' &(r;#i)/ .$#i-
IMPORTANCE OF $ARIOUS DEPARTMENTS
FRONT OFFICE+ FRONT DESK
Th 'i(/r(& i++$s#r(#s #h '!(r#&)#?s s.#i")s
Th *r")# "**i. (.#s (s #h !$%+i. *(. "* #h h"#+> %, /r#i)/ h"#+ /$s#s ()' .h.;i)/ #h& Th *r")# "**i. is !ri&(ri+, rs!")si%+ *"r #h s++i)/ "* r""&s ()' &(r;#s #h h"#+ #hr"$/h .++)# ."&&$)i.(#i") s;i++s %, #h *r")# "**i. !rs"))+
I# is i&!"r#()# %.($s (++ rsr-(#i")s (r &(' #hr"$/h #h *r")# "**i. 3r")# "**i. s#(** :+."&s /$s#s> .(rr, #hir +$//(/ ()' ()s:r $s#i")s (%"$# (.#i-i#is i) #h h"#+ ()' s$rr"$)'i)/ (r( I)*"r&(#i") (%"$# r""& s#(#$s ()' r""& s#(#is#i.s is *"$)' (# #h *r")# "**i. I# is (+s" i&!"r#()# (s i# (++".(# r""&s #" /$s#> h()' #h& ;,s (s :++ (s ;! /$s# ; ,s s(* '$ri)/
#hir s#(, (# #h +"'/
D$ri)/ /$s# s#(, (# #h +"'/ #h *r")# "**i. (ssis# i) (++ /$s# sr-i.s %, .""r'i)(#i)/ :i#h "#hr '!(r#&)#s I# (+s" (rr()/s &is.++()"$s /$s# sr-i.s *"r i)s#(). "r/()isi)/ ( %(%, si##r
Ph"#"."!,i)/ ()' '$!+i.(#i)/ "* '".$&)#s *"r /$s#s ()' "#hr '!(r#&)#s is '") %, #h *r")# "**i. I) ()' "$#/"i)/ &(i+ is h()'+' %, #h *r")# "**i. !rs"))+ 3i)(++, i# ."&!+#s #hir (.."&&"'(#i") *""' ()' %-r(/ (.."$)# ()' r.i- !(,&)# *r"& /$s#s Th *r")# "**i. /i-s #h *irs# i&!rssi") #" #h /$s# :hi.h !"r#r(,s #h +"'/?s i&(/
HOUSEKEEPING
K(s-()( # (+ 199 '*i) h"$s;!i)/ "!r(#i")s (s #h !r"-isi") "* .+()> ."&*"r#(%+ ()' s(* )-ir")&)# i) r""&s ()' !$%+i. (r(s Th h"$s;!i)/ '!(r#&)# is .")si'r' +"'/ (&%(ss('"rs %.($s "* #h ''i.(#i") ()' rs!")si%i+i#, i) &(i)#(i)i)/ #h +"'/?s i&(/ Th h"$s;!i)/ '!(r#&)# is i&!"r#()# (s i# !r*"r&s '#(i+' :"r; #" !r"-i' ( .+()> ."&*"r#(%+ )-ir")&)# *"r /$s#s #" )",
Th h"$s;!i)/ '!(r#&)# )s$rs #h(# :h(# #h /$s# s ()' !ri). rs$+# i) ( !"si#i- i&!rssi") "* #h !r"!r#, Th, .+() /$s# r""&s ()' ."&&$)i.(# :i#h *r")# 's; "!r(#i") i)*"r&i)/ #h& ") :hi.h r""&s (r .+() ()' r(', #" "..$!, Th h"$s;!i)/ '!(r#&)# '"s #h .+()i)/ "* !$%+i. (r(s ()' (++ .")*r). r""&s
Th '!(r#&)# is (+s" i&!"r#()# (s i# &()(/ +($)'r, "!r(#i")s :hi.h i).+$' :(shi)/ +i)) ()' ir")i)/ R""& sr-i. is (+s" '") %, #h h"$s;!i)/ '!(r#&)# C+()i)/ ( h"#+ is )"# $s# ( "%> i#?s () ('-)#$r ()' h"$s;!i)/ ;! #hi)/s i) #"! .")'i#i")
ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT
Th (.."$)#s '!(r#&)# is i&!"r#()# (s i# ."&!i+s i)*"r&(#i") r$ir' *"r %$'/#i)/ ()' !ri.i)/ "* sr-i.s Wh) )' *"r !$r.h(si)/ (ris> #h (.."$)#s '!(r#&)# is rs!")si%+ *"r #h *+": "* .(sh I# (+s" s##+s !(,&)#s ":' %, #h +"'/ Th '!(r#&)# &")i#"rs ()' -ri*is r-)$ i)*+":s %, &()s "* ($'i#i)/ ()' .h.;i)/ r.i!#s Th '!(r#&)# !r".ss &!+", !(,r"++ ()' )s$r ('hr). #" (.."$)#i)/ s#()'(r' "!r(#i)/ !r".'$rs %, (++ '!(r#&)#s :i#hi) #h +"'/
MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT
M(i)#)(). is #h :"r; #h(# ;!s #hi)/s r$))i)/ ()' *i)'s *$#$r !r"%+&s Th '!(r#&)# is i&!"r#()# (s i# '"s #h &("r ()' !ri"'i.(+ r!(irs "* #h +"'/ A# T"$.h:""' L"'/s> #h /r"$)'s &() *(++ $)'r #his '!(r#&)#
I# is (+s" i&!"r#()# %.($s %(si. &(i)#)(). h+!s #" !rsr- #h .")'i#i") "* ( +"'/ r(#hr #h() *ii)/ () i#& :h) i# %r(;s M(i)#)(). %*"r !r"!r#, '#ri"r(#s s(-s )/i)rs #i&> &"), (s :++ (s s(- /$s#s *r"& h(-i)/ ( !"#)#i(++, %(' !ri). "* *irs# i&!rssi") "* #h +"'/
FOOD AND BE$ERAGE DEPARTMENT
D",ar&'"n&#- #"c&%on#
3""' is ( -r, ss)#i(+ !(r# "* "$r +i*> i# /i-s $s )r/, ()' : .())"# '" (),#hi)/ :i#h"$# i# Th *""' ()' %-r(/ '!(r#&)# is rs!")si%+ *"r #h !r"-isi") "* *""' ()' %-r(/s i) #h h"#+ G$s#s '" )"# ")+, )' (.."&&"'(#i") %$# #h, (+s" )' &(+s #" /" (+")/ :i#h
Th '!(r#&)#?s &(i) .").r) is #" !r"-i' **i.i)# sr-i. #" s(#is*, #h /$s# C"$si)s # (+ 2000 s#i!$+(#s #h(# #h *""' ()' %-r(/ '!(r#&)# is .").r)' :i#h #h !r"-isi") "* *""' ()' 'ri); r(', *"r .")s$&!#i") (:(, *r"& h"& This '!(r#&)# is 'ir.#+, i)-"+-' :i#h #h h()'+i)/ "* *""' ()' hi/hs# s#()'(r's "* h,/i) (r !.#' *r"& #h *""' h()'+rs
Th +(r/s# )$&%r "* #h *""' ()' %-r(/ &!+",s is i) #h rs#($r()# ()' %(r Th ;i#.h) is #h s.#i") rs!")si%+ *"r #h !r!(r(#i") ()' !r"'$.#i") "* *""' :hi+s# #h %(r is rs!")si%+ *"r sr-i)/ (+."h"+i. ()' )") (+."h"+i. %-r(/s Th :(i#i)/ s#(**s i) #h rs#($r()# (r #hr #" )'": :i#h sr-i. #" #h /$s#s sr-i)/ *""' ()' 'ri);s
Th ."&%i)(#i") "* ."+"$rs ()' !r"!r +i/h#i)/ (''s #" #h (!!#i# "* #h /$s# Th '!(r#&)# is (+s" i&!"r#()# (s #h :(i#rs /i- ( :(r& :+."& #" /$s#s ()' (##)' #" #hir )'s '$ri)/ #hir &(+ This :i++ %ri)/ r!(# %$si)ss #" #h "r/()is(#i") Wh) /$s#s h(- () .++)# &(+ !ri). #h, (+s" &(r;# #h h"#+ #hr"$/h #h :"r' "* &"$#h
CHAPTER TWO
ACTI$ITIES CO$ERED DURING ATTATCMMENT
Th #r(i) h(' #h "!!"r#$)i#, #" h(- ( #(s# "* #h h"s!i#(+i#, i)'$s#r, #hr"$/h (+&"s# (++ #h '!(r#&)#s (# #h h"#+ Th h"#+ ."&!riss "* #h *""' ()' %-r(/ '!(r#&)#> *r")# "**i.> h"$s;!i)/> &(i)#)(). ()' (.."$)#s
FOOD AND BE$ERAGE DEPARTMENT
Th #r(i) ."-r' #h &(i) ;i#.h)> #(;(:(,> rs#($r()#> %(r> s#"rs> .")#r"+ ()' %$,i)/ This '!(r#&)# 'ir.#+, '(+s :i#h h()' +i)/ "* *""' ()' hi/hs# s#()'(r's "* h,/i) sh"$+' % !r(.#i.'
T" K%&c"n
Th #r(i) :(s i)-"+-' i) #h !r!(r(#i") ()' !r"'$.#i") "* &(+s Ths
i).+$' #h !"!$+(r A*ri.() 'ishs :hi.h :r !r!(r' ") W')s'(,s Thr is ( !(s#r, s.#i") :hr (++ s:# 'ishs (r !r!(r' Th #r(i) .+()' ;i#.h) s$r*(.s ()' :(sh' !+(#s (s #h ;i#.h) !"r#r
S&or"#
Th s#"rs '!(r#&)# '(+s :i#h r$s#i)/> r.i-i)/ ()' iss$i)/ I) -r, s#"r r""& r/$+(r s#".; .h.;s (r '") #" .h.; *"r #h r "r'r +-+ Th #r(i) r."/)iss )' *"r s$!!+, ()' :ri#s ( r$isi#i") #" #h %$,r i)'i.(#i)/ #h !r"'$.# ()' i#s $(+i#, ()' $()#i#, Wh) #h /""'s h(- %) %"$/h# #h s#"rs !rs") '"s #h r.i-i)/ S!(rs ()' Gr/"ir F2005> '*i)s r.i-i)/ (s () (.#i-i#, *"r )s$ri)/ #h(# ! r"'$.#s '+i-r' %, s$!!+irs (r #h"s #h(# :r "r'r' i) #h !$r.h(si)/ (.#i-i#,
Th r.i-i)/ !r".ss i)-"+-s &"r #h() $s# (..!#(). ()' si/)i)/ Th #r(i) -ri*i' #h(# !r"'$.#s (r "* #h ri/h# $(+i#,> si6 ()' $()#i#, ()' &# #h s!.i*i.(#i")s Wh) /""'s h(- %) r.i-' #h, (r s#"r' $)'r !r"!r .")'i#i")s #" )s$r $(+i#, $)#i+ #i& "* $s Pr"!r s#"r(/ r'$.s #h /r":#h "* &i.r""r/()is&s #h(# &(, .($s '#ri"r(#i") ()' +(' #" +"ss '$ #" :(s#(/
Pr"'$.#s &(, % 'ir.#+, iss$' s!.i(++, i* #h, ( r !+())' *"r #h &)$ S!(rs ()' Gr/"r, F2005> '*i)s iss$i)/ (s #h !r".ss $s' #" s$!!+, *""' #" !r"'$.#i") $)i#s (*#r i# h(s %) r.i-' Th #r(i) iss$' #h r$s#' /""'s (# s!.i*i. #i& "* #h '(, Th #r(i) :"$+' $!'(# (++ #h %"";s i).+$'i)/ #h G""'s R.i-' N"# FG R V
Purca#%ng
P$r.h(si)/ is () (.#i-i#, .").r)' :i#h #h (.$isi#i") "* !r"'$.#s i# is "*#) 's.ri%' (s "%#(i)i)/ #h ri/h# !r"'$.#s> i) #h ri/h# (&"$)# (# #h ri/h# #i& ()' ri/h# !+(. I# is .").r)' :i#h #h .")#r"+ "* r(: &(#ri(+s
Th #r(i) )/"#i(#' :i#h r+i(%+ s$!!+irs :i#h %s# *i)().i(+ #r&s> %.($s :is !$r.h(si)/ .() +(' #" %"#h ."s# s(-i)/ ()' r-)$ i).r(s I* "r'rs (r '+(,' #h #r(i) :"$+' &(; *"++": $!s Th #r(i) &(' s$r #h(# #h $(+i#, "* :h(# is #" % !$r.h(s' &#s #h h"#+ s#()'(r's ()' #h(# $(+i#, i) r+(#i") :i#h :h(# is %i)/ !(i' is &(i)#(i)' Wh) #h %s# s$!!+ir h(s %) )"#' sh s$!!+is i#&s P$r.h(s' i#&s :"$+' i).+$' *""'> (+."h"+i. ()' )") (+."h"+i. %-r(/s> #"i+# !(!rs> '#r/)#s> s#(#i")r, ()' &(), &"r
3$++r ()' W(++r F1991> i)'i.(#s #h(#> %$,i)/ #"" &$.h #is $! .(!i#(+ ()' i).r(s s#"r(/ ."s#s ()' %$,i)/ #"" +i##+ &i/h# +(' #" sh"r#(/s ()' hi/h r"r'ri)/ ."s#s
R"#&auran&
Th #r(i) !r*"r&' #h )#ir &is ) !+(. %*"r sr-i. ."&&).' i) #h rs#($r()# This i).+$'' !"+ishi)/ .$#+r, ()' :(shi)/ :(#r / +(sss W+."&i)/ /$s#s ()' sh":i)/ #h& #" #hir #(%+s :(s (+s" '") %, #h #r(i) Th #r(i) +(r)# #" #(; "r'rs ()' sr- /$s#s #hir &(+s Th #r(i) :"$+' :(i# :hi+s# #h /$s# is (#i)/ ()' ( ##)' #" (), r$s# #h /$s# &(' A %i++ :(s !r!(r' %, #h #r(i) ()' #(;) #" #h /$s# #" &(; !(,&)#s
D$ri)/ #h P M shi*# ( r.").i+i(#i") *"r& :(s ."&!i+' %, #h #r(i) i)'i.(#i)/ (++ #h s(+s *r"& #h rs#($r()# ()' .(sh %r(;'":)
BAR
Th #r(i) +(r)# h": #" sr- (+."h"+i. ()' )") (+."h"+i. %-r(/s. B-r(/s (r sr-' *r"& #h ri/h# Dr($/h# " r %"##+' %r sh"$+' % !"$r' s+":+, '":) #h i)si' "* #h /+(ss Th #r(i) :(s (+s" i)-"+-' i) h()'+i)/ .(sh
Fron& o//%c" d",ar&'"n&
Th #r(i) :(s (##(.h' #" #h *r")# "**i. '!(r#&)# *"r 5 :;s ()' +(r)# ( +"# Th *irs# #(s; :(s #" :+."& /$s#s (s #h *r")# "**i. is #h *(. "* #h h"#+ :hr /$s#s *irs# ."& i)#" .")#(.# :i#h h"#+ !rs"))+ Th #r(i) :(s i)-"+-' i) ( +"# "* #(s;s #" i).+$'
A)s:ri)/ .(++s #(.#*$++, #" )."$r(/ !$r.h(s #" !"#)#i(+ %$,rs ()' (..!# rsr-(#i")s :hi.h h+!' #" &(i&i6 "..$!(). , Li(isi)/ :i#h "#hr '!(r#&)#s :(s '") #" % *$++, $i!!' :i#h i&!"r#()# i)*"r&(#i") (s :++ (s 'iss&i)(# #h i)*"r&(#i") #" "#hr '!(r#&)#s
Th #r(i) +(r)# #" % rs!")si%+ *"r s(*#, ()' s.$ri#, "* /$s#s ()' #hir %+")/i)/s i) #r&s "* ;,s ()' h(+#h (s ( *irs# (i' ;i# :(s (+:(,s ;!# h()', (# #h *r")# "**i.
D$ri)/ )i/h# ($'i# #h #r(i) =
C"&!+#' "$#s#()'i)/ !"s#i)/s
=
R.").i+' r""& s#(#$s 'is.r!().is
=
B(+(). (++ '!(r#&)#(+ (.."$)#s
=
Vri*, r""& r(#s
=
Vri*, )" sh": rsr-(#i")s !"!+ :h" :"$+' h(- &(' %"";i)/s ()' *(i+ #" h")"$r #h&
=
P"s# r""& r(#s ()' #(s
=
Pr!(r r$ir' r!"r#s
=
Pr!(r .(sh r.i!#s *"r '!"si#s
=
C+(r "r %(.; $! #h s,s#&
=
Dis#ri%$# #h r!"r#s
Hou#"k"",%ng
Th #r(i) h(' () "!!"r#$)i#, #" h(- h()'s ") !ri). i) #h h"$s;!i)/ '!(r#&)# I# h(s #:" 'i-isi")s :hi.h (r #h r""&s 'i-isi") ()' #h !$%+i. (r( FP A D$#is !r*"r&' %, #h #r(i) :hi+ i) #h r""&s 'i-isi") :r &(i)+,>
=
B' &(;i)/ #his i)-"+-' (r(#i)/ #h r""&> &(;i)/ #h %'> .+()i)/ #h r""& ()' *i)(++, #h %(#hr""&
=
3i++ i) #h r""& s#(#$s +is# ()' h()' i# #" #h *r")# "**i. i)'i.(#i)/ (++ r""&s #h(# (r .+() ()' r(', #" "..$!, (s :++ (s r""&s :hi.h (r "$# "* "r'r
=
A##)'i)/ #" /$s# $ris ()' s"+- #h&
=
W(shi)/ ()' ir")i)/ +i)) (s :++ (s /$s# .+"#hs ()' (++ #(%+ .+"#hs This (+s" i)-"+-' +i)) .")#r"+ ()' r/$+(r s#".; .h.;s
=
T$r) '":) sr-i. %#:) 5 ()' 7 !&> #his )#(i+s r):i)/ #":+s> .+"si)/ (++ :i)'":s> r!+)ishi)/ /$s# s$!!+is ()' #i'i)/ #h r""& %*"r #h /$s# ."&s #" r#ir (# )i/h#
=
N"#i*, #h &(i)#)(). '!(r#&)# "* (++ *($+#s
=
Wh) %$si)ss :(s )"# (# !(; '! .+()i)/ :(s '")
Th #r(i) .+()' (++ !$%+i. (r(s #hs i).+$'' #h .")*r). r""&s> (++ ."rri'"rs> "**i.s ()' (++ !$%+i. #"i+#s
Mark"&%ng D",ar&'"n& Th #r(i) :"r;' :i#h h"#+ M(r;#i)/ E.$#i- i) #his '!(r#&)# Th '!(r#&)# is rs!")si%+ *"r &(r;#i)/ #h h"#+ ()' ."++.# i)*"r&(#i") ") :h(# /$s#s #hi); (%"$# #h h"#+ Th #r(i) #"/#hr :i#h #h &(r;#i)/ .$#i- (rr()/' ."&!+&)#(r, s#(,s *"r #h"s /$s#s :h" h(' r!(# %$si)ss :i#h #h h"#+> ( *r )i/h# i) () .$#i- s$i# &(, % "r/()is' *"r i)'i-i'$(+s ()' .""r'i)(#"rs "* -(ri"$s "r/()is(#i")s U!'(#i)/ .+i)#s "* #h (.#i-i#is #(;i)/ !+(. (# #h h"#+ This :(s '") #hr"$/h #h !h")> %, &(i+ "r %, #h :"r' "* &"$#h Th #r(i) 'is#ri%$#' /$s# $s#i")rs> #his :(s i&!"r#()# (s i# h+!s #" ;)" : :h(# /$s#s #hi); (%"$# #h sr-i.s "**r' ()' :h(# ) ' #" % i&!r"-' This (+s" h+!s #" ;)": #h #,! "* .+i)#+ #h h"#+ h(-
CHAPTER THREE S W O T ()(+,sis is () ()(+,sis "* #h s#r)/#hs> :(;)sss> "!!"r#$)i#is ()' #hr(#s "* () "r/()is(#i") I# ()(+,s #h i)#r)(+ s#r)/#hs ()' :(;)sss> "!!" r#$)i#is #hr(#s %, i#s #r)(+ )-ir")&)# Th #r(i) 'i' ( S W O T ()(+,sis "* #h *""' ()' %-r(/ '!(r#&)# S&r"ng&#
Th h"#+ h(s ( s!(.i"$s 'i)i)/ (r( :hr /$s#s .() )", #hir &(+s *r+, ()' ."&*"r#(%+, Th rs#($r()# h(s ( s$);) (r( :hr #h"s /$s#s :h" )", !ri-(., .() h(- #hir &(+s $i#+, C U H is ( h"#+ s.h""+ ()' i# is (# ( /r(#r ('-()#(/ (s &"s# "* i#s %$si)ss ."&s *r"& #h $)i-rsi#, Th Chi)h",i U)i-rsi#, &(r;#s #h h"#+ (s i# is ( '!(r#&)# #h(# *(++s $)'r i# This r'$.s ."s#s
C U H is ( ): s$!rs#r$.#$r (+&"s# -r,#hi)/ is ): Th s#r$.#$r s$i# &"'r) s#r$.#$rs #his :i++ +$r .$s#"&rs Th rs#($r()# '"s )"# h(- .r(.;s "r *+(;i)/ !(i)#s I# +"";s ): ()' (##r(.#i-
A %i/ /)r(#"r :i#h #h .(!(.i#, #" !":r (++ s.#i")s "* #h h" #+ is (+:(,s ") s#()'%, This &()s !r"'$.#i") is )"# (**.#' -) i* #hr is ( !":r .$# A+s" (.#i-i#is :i++ )"# % s#"!!' i) (++ s.#i")s *"r i)s#(). i) #h %(r> &$si. '"s )"# s#"! !+(,i)/
3"r #h"s :h" .())"# (**"r' &(+s (# #h h"#+ #hr is ( 'ri-i)) #(;(:(, #h(# h(s +":r r(#s Th #(;(:(, (+s" (''s -(ri#, #" #h &)$ I# (+s" /)r(#s r-)$ *r"& #h s(+ "* &(+s ()' 'ri);s
C U H h(s ( %(r :hr /$s#s i)h"$s ()' !(#r")s *r"& Chi)h",i ."&&$)i#,
.() s".i(+is Th %(r is "* '.)# )(#$r ()' '"s )"# /i- ( %(' !r.!#i") (%"$# (.#i-i#is (# #h h"#+ Th %(r .")#ri%$#s r(s")(%+ r-)$ *r"& #h *""' ()' %-r(/ #his is s" %.($s "* #h .r'i# *(.i+i#, "**r' #" (++ !r&())# :"r;rs "* #h $)i-rsi#, ()' h"#+
Th h"#+ h(s ( !""+ "* s;i++' +(%"$r *r"& #h $)i-rsi#, E-r, s&s#r #h h"#+ #(;s i) s#$')#s *"r (##(.h&)# *r"& #h $)i-rsi#, ()' "#hr $)i-rsi#is (s :++ This &()s #h '!(r#&)# :i++ )"# r$) "$# "* s#(** sh"r#(/s A+s" s#$')#s (r +":+, !(i' ()' #his .$# ."s#s "* &!+",i)/ s;i++' +(%"$r
S#(** is !r"-i'' :i#h &(+s #hr%, r'$.i)/ !i+*ri)/ i) #h '!(r#&)# E-r, :"r;r is !r"-i'' :i#h ") &(+ ( '(, .+$si- "* #( (# %r(; #i& B, s" '"i)/ &&%rs "* s#(** :i++ r'$. *r$)#i)/ #h ;i#.h) #r,i)/ #" *i++ #hir s#"&(.hs
A++ s.#i")s "* #h *""' ()' %-r(/ '!(r#&)# h(- #)si") +i)s *"r (s, ."&&$)i.(#i") 3"++": $! "* () "r'r .() % &(' #hr"$/h #h !h") :i#h"$# *r$)# :(+;i)/ *r"& #h rs#($r()# #" #h ;i#.h)
Thr is ( 10 000+i#r :(#r #(); si#$(#' )(r #h ;i#.h) Th #(); s$s#(i)s #h *""' ()' %-r(/ '!(r#&)# :h)-r :(#r s$!!+, is rr(#i. This is (# ( /r(#r ('-()#(/ .")si'ri)/ #h(# *""' is h()'+' i) #his '!(r#&)#> ()' #hr :i++ )"# % ( ris; "* Ch"+r(
W"akn"##"#
Th h"#+ is ( '!(r#&)# &()# #" #r(i) s#$')#s %$# #h s#(** is )"# $(+i*i' (.('&i.(++, 3"r i)s#(). #h .$rr)# .h*s i) #h ;i#.h) :r $!/r('' "r !r"&"#' *r"& %i)/ !"r#rs #" .h*s
Th &)$ is -r, +i&i#' &"s#+, s($#J !"#(#"s (r sr-' *"r %r(;*(s#> r"(s# .hi.;) ()' %* *"r +$).h ()' 'i))rs This %."&s &")"#")"$s *"r ( /$ s# s#(,i)/ i) *"r ( +")/ !ri"' Gr"$!s s#(,i)/ (# #h h"#+ )' $! ."&!+(i)i)/
A++ .(sh #r()s(.#i")s *"r %$,i)/ i)/r'i)#s (r '") #hr"$/h #h %$rs(r?s "**i. (# #h $)i-rsi#, Th !r".ss is +")/ ()' &(, hi)'r !r"/rss i) *""' ()' %-r(/ '!(r#&)# A# #i&s #hr :i++ % )' *"r $r/)# %$,i)/ %$# i# %."&s i&!"ssi%+ %.($s "* #h !r".'$rs i)-"+-'
N" &.h()is' s,s#&s (+&"s# -r,#hi)/ is '") &()$(++,> #hr is )' #" ."&!$#ri6 ()' +i); (++ '!(r#&)#s N" !r"!r s#"r(/ "* *""'> #hr (r ")+, #:" '"&s#i. *r6rs i) #h ;i#.h) I&!r"!r s#"r(/ +('s #" :(s#(/ '$ #" '#ri"r(#i") "* *""' This &(;s #h &(i) ;i#.h) ( s.#i") "* #h h"#+ :i#h +": !r"*i#s This (+s" &(;s i# 'i**i.$+# #" .")#r"+ (s #hs '"&s#i. *r6rs (r )"# +".;' $)+i; () i)'$s#ri(+ *r6r ()' ."+' r""& Thr is +i&i#' !$%+i. )#r#(i)&)# ."&!(r' #" "#hr h "#+s :hr C(si)"s ()' $; B"s (r (-(i+(%+ O)+, ( !+(s&( s.r) is (-(i+(%+ i) #h %(r
Th s#"rr""& *"r *""' '"s )"# h(- sh+-s> !+(.i)/ *""' s#(**s 'ir.# ") #h *+""r &(, .($s &"#h> s!.i(++, '$ri)/ #h r(i), s(s") 3""' s#$**s +i; &(+i &(+ (r (si+, (**.#'
E$i!&)# sh"r#(/< *"r i)s#(). #h s#"rs '!(r#&)# '"s )"# h(- ( s.(+ #" :i/h i) "r'r #" -ri*, #h !$r.h(s' /""'s S$!!+irs *"r -/#(%+s $s# %ri)/ !(.;(/' i#&s (+r(', :i/h' ()' #h s#"rs '!(r#&)# .()?# '" (),#hi)/ #" !r"- :h#hr i#?s ."rr.#> s$!!+irs :i++ #(; ('-()#(/ "* #his
O,,or&un%&0
Th h"#+ is s$rr"$)'' %, *(r&s #h$s &(;i)/ i# () ('-()#(/ (s #hr is )" &")"!"+, *r"& s$!!+irs Thr is r""& #" .h""s #h %s# s$!!+ir :i#h (**"r'(%+ r(#s A+s" s$!!+irs #r, #" +":r #hir !ri.s #" %i' "#hrs ()' #h$s () ('-()#(/ #" #h h"#+ Th $)i-rsi#, (+s" h(- ( *(r& )(r%, :hi.h (# #i&s !r"-i' -/#(%+s
Th '!(r#&)#s %)*i# *r"& *$).#i")s "r/()is' %, #h $)i-rsi#,> #his i).r(s r-)$ (s /$s#s ."& i) ()' (# 3"r i)s#(). *$).#i")s +i; #h /r('$(#i") .r&"), h+' (# #h $)i-rsi#,
B.($s #h h"#+ is ( '!(r#&)# "* #h $)i-rsi#,> #h h"s!i#(+i#, '!(r#&)# (ssis# :i#h .$#+r,> !+(#s> $r)s ()' &(), &"r :h) %i/ *$).#i")s (r #(;i)/ !+(. Ths *$).#i")s i).+$' /r('$(#i") .r&")is> :h) his E.++)., :i++ % !.#' #" h(- his +$).h (# #h h"#+
Th $)i-rsi#, &(r;#s #h h"#+ ") %h(+* "* #h h"#+> (s #h $)i-rsi#, is :++ ;)":) This :i++ .$# ."s#s *"r &(r;#i)/ TWL h(s /"# r""& *"r !()si") &"r .h(+#s .() % % $i+' ()' i).r(s r-)$ #" #h +"'/
TWL ."&!(r' #" s$rr"$)'i)/ h"#+s h(s /"# ( ): i)*r(s#r$.#$r :hi.h is i)-i#i)/.
Tr"a&#
Hi/h ."&!#i#i") :i#h *(s# *""' "$#+#s :hi.h "**r +":r !ri.s> #hs i).+$' Chi.;) I))> 3""' E!rss> Pi66( I))> ()' N()'"s Ths *""' "$#+#s h(- (
hi/h &(r;# sh(r ()' (+s" )", .")"&is "* s.(+ Th )(&s &(r;# #h&s+-s
L".(#i") is ( %i//s# #hr(#> ."&!(ri)/ #" i#s ." &!#i#"rs :h" (r +".(#' i) #h #":) .)#r "r .)#r(+ %$si)ss 'is#ri.# Th h"#+ is &"s#+, (..ss' %, #h"s :h" 'ri- .(rs C")si'ri)/ #h 'is#(). ") *""# *r"& #":)> ") is %"$)' #" #hi); #:i.
G"-r)&)# +/is+(#i") i) i#s #(!(,i)/ !"+i., is ( #hr(# #" #h '!(r#&)# P"+i.is s# %, /"-r)&)# (# )#r(). !"i)#s .() (**.# !r"*i#s "* #h '!(r#&)# *"r i)s#(). #h i)#r"'$.#i") "* -is(s This :i++ (**.# #h r(# "* *"ri/)rs ."&i)/ i) 3"ri/)rs $s$(++, h(- %' ()' %r(;*(s#
Ca))"ng"# =
3$)'s *"r !$r.h(si)/ i)/r'i)#s h(- ( +")/ .h(i) #h %$rs(r *r"& #h $)i-rsi#, h(s #" si/) *irs# *"r *$)'s #" % r+(s' This .($ss ( +"# "* i).")-)i).s s!.i(++, :h) #h i)/r'i)#s (r )'' i&&'i(#+,
=
Thr is +(.; "* s#"r(/ *(.i+i#, #h #:" '"&s#i. *r6rs .())"# s$s#(i) #h :h"+ *""' ()' %-r(/ '!(r#&)# L"ss &(, "..$r '$ #" i&!r"!r s#"r(/
=
Thr is ") &(i)#)(). "**i.r :h" is )"# (-(i+(%+ '$ri)/ #h '(, #his (**.# !r"'$.#i") :h) () +.#ri.(+ *($+# "..$rs
=
N" :"r;i)/ #+!h") +i)s> *"++": $! "* "r'rs (r i&!"ssi%+> :hi.h &(;s i# 'i**i.$+# *"r #h !$r.h(si)/ '!(r#&)# #" ."&&$)i.(#
=
Th h"#+ &"s#+, r+is ") /r"$!s #" (# &(+s i) #h rs#($r()#> -r, *: :(+; i))s "r'r *""' i) #h rs#($r()#
=
N" #.h)"+"/, i) #h *""' ()' %-r(/ '!(r#&)#> -r,#hi)/ is '") &()$(++, Th s#"rs s.#i") sh"$+' h(- ( ."&!$#r #" s#"r (++ #h i)*"r&(#i") "#hr #h()
h(-i)/ ( h(! "* %i) .(r's ") #h 's;
Conc)u#%on# 3$++ $#i+is(#i") "* #h s!(. ()' $i!&)# (-(i+(%+ .() i).r(s r-)$ *r"& #h '!(r#&)# Th h"#+ .() %(# i#s ."&!#i#"rs i* sr-i. is i&!r"-' Th '!(r#&)# )' #" r.r$i# $(+i*i' !rs"))+ i) #h rs#($r()# ()' ;i#.h)> :i#h ( s#r")/ (.('&i. %(.;/r"$)' i) #h h"s!i#(+i#, i)'$s#r, S#(** #r(i)i)/ is (+s" -i#(+ i) #h '!(r#&)#
R"co''"nda&%on# &o &" d",ar&'"n&.
=
Thr is )' *"r ( h(' .h*> #h *""' ()' %-r(/ &()(/r is #"" i)-"+-' i) #h ;i#.h)> i)s#(' ( h(' .h* sh"$+' % r!"r#i)/ #" hr
=
S#(** :"r;i)/ i) #h ;i#.h) sh"$+' % $(+i*i'> &$s# h(- ( s#r")/ '$.(#i")(+ %(.;/r"$)' s" #h(# #h, .() #r(i) s#$')#s /i-i)/ r*r). #" :h(# #h, h(- +(r)#
=
Th h"#+ sh"$+' h(- s!.i(+is' .h*s *"r i)s#(). ( -/#(%+ .h* ")+, s!.i(+isi)/ :i#h -/#(%+s> #his :i++ i&!r"- #h $(+i#, "* *""' #h, sr- #" /$s#s
=
Th *""' ()' %-r(/ &()(/r i) #h ;i#.h) sh"$+')?# r+, ") s#$')#s *"r (++ #h 'ir#, :"r;> )"# .")si'ri)/ #h(# #h, (r #hr #" +(r) ()' h(- ( s!.i*i' !ri"' "* #i&
=
H"#+ sh"$+' &!+", ()"#hr !(s#r, .h* "r s"&") :h" is &$+#is;i++' :h" .() s#()' i) i* #h !(s#r, .h* is )"# (-(i+(%+
=
I) #h rs#($r()# :(i#rs sh"$+' % (++".(#' s#(#i")s ()' (+s" ( h(' :(i#r sh"$+' % !$# i) !+(.
=
Thr is )' *"r ( s#(** .""; (s #h s#(** .()#) h(s )" ") :h" is rs!")si%+ *"r i# I#?s -r, $)*"r#$)(# #h(# s#$')# h(' #" /" #" hr :"r; s#(#i") (*#r :(shi)/ 'ishs ()' .+()i)/ #h s#(** .()#)
=
Th %(r sh"$+' h(- ( si); #" :(sh /+(sss "#hr #h() /"i)/ #" #h ;i#.h) (+:(,s
CHAPTER FOUR
A) -(+$(#i") "* #h :h"+ i)'$s#ri(+ (##(.h&)# r.is i) r+(#i") #" #h"r#i.(+ ()' !r(.#i.(+ :"r; ."-r' (# #h $)i-rsi#, This .h(!#r is /"i)/ #" *".$s ") .h(++)/s ()' !r"%+&s *(.' %, #h #r(i) '$ri)/ (##(.h&)# ()' !$# *"r:(r' r."&&)'(#i")s #" #h '!(r#&)# ()' #h rs!.#i- "r/()is(#i")
Ca))"ng"# and ,ro1)"'# /ac"d 10 &" #&ud"n&. =
Th %i//s# .h(++)/ :(s #h(# #h #r(i) h(' )" s.h'$+ *"r #h (##(.h&)# *r"& #h h$&() rs"$r.s &()(/r> s$.h #h(# #h #r(i) h(' #" r+".(# ") hr ":) .($si)/ .")/s#i") i) "#hr '!(r#&)#s This &()# #h(# #h #r(i) h(' #" '+(, i) ") '!(r#&)# &"s# "* #h #i&
=
Th #r(i) :(s )-r /i-) () "!!"r#$)i#, #" :"r; (s ( s.#i") s$!r-is"r )"r (s ( &()(/r
=
Thr :(s )" r""& *"r #h #r(i) #" sh": :h(# :(s +(r)# ()' !r(.#is' *r"& #h $)i-rsi#, E-r, '(, #h &)$ :(s +(i' '":) %, #h *""' ()' %-r(/ &()(/r ()' #h #r(i) :(s (s;' *"r s$//s#i")s
=
Th #r(i) *(.' ( .h(++)/ "* !r*"r&i)/ &$+#i!+ #(s;s #his hi)'r' #h #r(i)?s !r"/rss 3"r i)s#(). :hi+s# :"r;i)/ i) ( .r#(i) '!(r#&)# #h *""' ()' %-r(/ &()(/r :"$+' shi*# #h #r(i) #" /" ()' s!)' #h '(, s.r$%%i)/ #h *+""r This "..$rr' ") s-r(+ "..(si")s
=
Tr(i) :(s #(s;' #" '" (++ #h 'ir#, "%s (# #h h"#+> +i; .+()i)/ #h s#(** .()#) -r, '(, %*"r :"r; ."&&).' This +' #" "-r:"r;i)/
=
L(.; "* ."&&"'i#is hi)'r' !r"/rss #his rs#ri.#' #h #r(i) *r"& h(-i)/ ;)":+'/ "* h": #" !r!(r .r#(i) 'ishs
I) ( $s# #" %""s# #h h"s!i#(+i#, ()' #"$ris& i)'$s#r,> #h h"#+ &$s# s# () (//rssi- ()' (##(i)(%+ -isi") :i#h s#r(#/i. i'"+"/is #" i&!r"- i#s sr-i. '+i-r, Th s#$')# !r"!"s' r."&&)'(#i")s *"r (.h '!(r#&)# "* #h h"#+
R"co''"nda&%on# &o &" d",ar&'"n& and &" organ%#a&%on Fron& O//%c"
=
Thr is )' #" %$'/# *"r () I T s,s#& (# #h *r")# 's; Th :"r+' is &"-i)/ :i#h #.h)"+"/,> #h &()$(+ s,s#& is )": "$#'(#' A+s" ."&!$#rs &i)i&i6 h$&() rr"r s!.i(++, :h) '(+i)/ :i#h /$ s# (.."$)#s
=
Thr is )' *"r ( s:i#.h %"(r' (# #h *r")# 's;
=
S#(** #r(i)i)/ !r"/r(&s &$s# % i&!+&)#' #his .() % '") #hr"$/h #"$ri)/ "#hr h"#+s ()' h(- ( *+ "* h": "#hrs !r*"r& #hir #(s;s
=
Th ."** %(r is $s# +,i)/ i'+ ()' i* !$# #" $s .() /)r(# r-)$ *"r #h h"#+
=
T+!h") +i)s (r -r, .r$.i(+ ()' sh"$+' % :"r;i)/ (++ #h #i&> #h h"#+ &$s# #(; sri"$s (.#i") #" &(; s$r #h +i)s (r :"r;i)/ Th h"#+ ")+, r.i-s .(++s %$# .()?# &(; (), .(++s #" !"#) #i(+ /$s# #" &(; ( *"++": $!
Hou#"k"",%ng
=
Thr is )' #" (.$ir h(-, '$#, &(.hi)s> #hs i).+$' :(shi)/ &(.hi)s> i)'$s#ri(+ ir")s ()' h""-rs
=
Thr is )' #" h(- #.h)"+"/i.(+ ('-().' $i!&)# +i; #+!h")s i) r""&s :i#h :(;$! .(++ s##i)/s
=
A %"rh"+ &$s# % !$# i) !+(. #" !$&! :(#r i) (++ r""&s (++ '(, #hr"$/h %.($s &$)i.i!(+ :(#r s$!!+, is rr(#i. '$ri)/ #h '(, ()' &(, % (-(i+(%+ i) #h -)i)/s ")+,
=
Thr is )' #" -)#i+(# #h +($)'r, r""& Th r""& '"s )"# h(- :i)'":s (# (++
=
Pr"#.#i- .+"#hi)/ sh"$+' (+:(,s % (-(i+(%+ *"r i)s#(). /+"-s
=
Thr is )' #" '."r(# r""&s> (r#i*i.i(+ *+":rs :i++ '" i) r""&s
Hu'an r"#ourc"#
Thr is )' *"r s#(** &"#i-(#i")> #his .() % '") #hr"$/h =
Gi-i)/ :"r;rs i).)#i-s s!.i(++, :h) %$si)ss is (# !(;
=
B$,i)/ $)i*"r&s *"r s#(**
=
S#$')#s )' #" % /r""&' #h, )' #" h(- () (!!r.i(#i") "* #h h"#+ %*"r ."&&).i)/ (##(.h&)#
=
S#(** sh"$+' % )/(/' i) #r(i)i)/ !r"/r(&s #i& ()' (/(i)
=
Thr is )' #" )/(/ i) #(& %$i+'i)/ (.#i-i#is #" )h(). #(& s!iri#
=
Thr is ")+, ") $#i+i#, -hi.+ )"# )"$/h #" *rr, s#(**> ()' h"#+ !r"-isi")s
Mark"&%ng
=
Thr is )' #" hi/h+, *$)' #h &(r;#i)/ #(& s" #h(# i# /#s (++ #h !"s$r )'' #" &(r;# #h h"#+
=
Th &(r;#i)/ #(& &$s# )/(/ &"r i) '$.(#i")(+ ()' i)*"r&(#i- #"$rs +i; #h s()/()(i h+()/()()i #"$rs Th #(& sh"$+' h(- (//rssi- &(r;#i)/ s#r(#/is :hi.h (r rs$+# "ri)#'
=
A *"++": $! "* /$s# $s#i")rs &$s# % '") s" #h(# #h h"#+s is (:(r "* i#s :(;)sss ()' $i.;+, (##)' #" #h&
O2"ra)) r"co''"nda&%on# &o T W L.
=
Thr is )' *"r #.h)"+"/i.(+ ('-().&)# (# #h L"'/ Thr (r )" &.h()i6' s,s#&s> (+&"s# -r,#hi)/ is '") &()$(++,> (++ '!(r#&)#s )' #" % ."&!$#ri6' ()' i)#r +i;'
=
Th HR '!(r#&)# &$s# h(- ( s.h'$+ ()' h()'+ #h (##(.h&)# !r"/r(&& Th HR &()(/r &$s# h(- r/$+(r &#i)/s :i#h #r(i)s #" .h.; ") !r"/rss ()' (), $s*$+ s$//s#i")s (i&' (# i&!r"-i)/ #h h"#+s sr-i. '+i-r,
=
Th h"#+ sh"$+' $#i+is (++ i#s r-)$ /)r(#i)/ (r(s :hi.h (r +,i)/ i'+ #hs i).+$' #h ."** %(r> #h !h") sh"! ()' i)#r)# *(.i+i#is
=
Th h"#+ (+s" )'s #" *$r)ish #h .")*r). r""&s :i#h $(+i#, *i##i)/s A)' $i! i# :i#h /('/#s +i; ."&!$#rs ()' !r".#"rs
=
Thr is )' #" i&!r"- ") sr-i. i) #h rs#($r()# (s :++ (s i) #h ;i#.h) M(+s sr-' i) rs#($r()# (r )"# :"r#h :h(# #h, ."s#
=
Th h"#+ sh"$+' s#ri- #" i).r(s #h )$&%r "* r""&s %, %$i+'i)/ +"'/s ()' .h(+#s N(r #h ri-r This :i++ i).r(s r-)$ *r"& #h r""&s 'i-isi")
=
C"&!#i#i- !$r.h(si)/ is ).ss(r, #" &(i&is !r"*i#s
=
Thr is )' #" i).r(s ") !$%+i. )#r#(i)&)# i) #h %(r> *"r i)s#(). h(-i)/ ( C(si)" "r !""+ #(%+ i) !+(. A+s" /(&s sh"$+' % i)#r"'$.' #" #h h"#+ si). #h /(&s r""&s is (+r(', (-(i+(%+
R"co''"nda&%on# &o C%no0% Un%2"r#%&0 O/ T"cno)og0.
Th #r(i) :"$+' +i; #" /i- /r(#i#$' #" T"$.h:""' L"'/s *"r s#r$.#$ri)/ #h H"s!i#(+i#, ()' T"$ris& A'-().' Di!+"&( :hi.h is r+-()# i) #h i)'$s#r, M$.h "* #h #h"r, ()' !r(.#i.(+ +(r)# (# #h $)i-rsi#, :(s -r, r+-()# *"r #h !$r!"s "* #h #r(i) (##(.h&)# H":-r #h #r(i) h(s ( *: s$//s#i")s *"r #h '!(r#&)#
=
A +(i' '":) s.h'$+ "* (++ #h (.#i-i#is #" % ."-r' %, #h #r(i) sh"$+' % +(i' '":) ()' (''rss' #" #h r+-()# ($#h"ri#, "* #h '!(r#&)#
=
Th '!(r#&)# sh"$+' % #.h)"+"/i.(++, ('-().'> #h(# is i)#r"'$.i)/ +(r)i)/ i) (++ ."$rss
=
Th '!(r#&)# sh"$+' r-i: ()' i)#r"'$. &"r &()(/&)# ."$rss :hi.h :i++ % ."-r' %*"r s#$')#s /" *"r (##(.h&)#
=
Th '!(r#&)# sh"$+' "r/()is #"$rs #" h"#+s ()' #"$ris# 's#i)(#i")s *"r s#$')#s #" h(- ( #(s# "* h": "#hr h"#+s "!r(#
CHAPTER FI$E Conc)u#%on
I# :(s ( /r(# h")"$r *"r #h s#$')# #" h(- ( r(+ !ri). "* :h(# (.#$(++, #r()s!irs i) #h i)'$s#r, Th s#$')# :(s /r""&' ()' /(i)' ( +"# "* ! ri). ()' s;i++ #hr"$/h #h -(ri"$s '!(r#&)# ."-r' (# #h h"#+ Th #r(i) %)*i#' !r"*ssi")(++, '$ri)/ #h !ri"' "* #h i)'$s#ri(+ (##(.h&)# #hr"$/h . (rr /$i'(). *r"& ."++(/$s i) (++ #h '!(r#&)#s M$.h "* :h(# :(s +(r)# (# #h $)i-rsi#, !r"-' #" % -r, $s*$+ i) #h :"r; r+(#' +(r)i)/ (# #h h"#+ Th #r(i) :(s (.('&i.(++, $i!!' #hr"$/h &"'$+s *r"& #h &(r;#i)/ .$#i- ()' #h h$&() rs"$r.s ()' ('&i)is#r(#i")s "**i. A++ #h s(& i# :(s r.i!r".(+ (s #h h"#+ %)*i#' ( +"# *r"& #h #r(i) (s #hr :(s ( sh"r#(/ "* s#(** s!.i(++, i) #h *""' ()' %-r(/ '!(r#&)# This r+i-' !rss$r *r"& #h h"#+ Th #r(i) h(' ( /""' !rs")(+ .")'$.# #h$s +i);' hr :i#h !"!+ "* -(ri"$s s#(#$s> #his :(s (##(i)' #hr"$/h /""' ."&&$)i.(#i") s;i++s +(r)# (# #h $)i-rsi#, Th #r(i)?s :(, "* .")'$.#i)/ hr :"r; :(s #" ( /r(#r #)# () ('-()#(/ #" #h $)i-rsi#, (s #h h"#+ h(s .")*i'). i) Chi)h",i U)i-rsi#, "* T.h)"+"/, s#$')#s Th, :")?# hsi#(# #" #(; #h& i) (s #r(i)s
R*r).s
