A-level Chemistry Investigation - Methyl Orange

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Bjs `jat pba iapbwh jvlkca G twkpbatgta dji~lva pj lk gk`qtpvglhhw) ~vj`qda` tli~ha je pba gk`gdlpjv: Gk iw gkuatpgclpgjk G lgia` pj twkpbatgta iw jsk tli~ha je iapbwh jvlkca( lk` pbak pj lklhwta iw tli~ha gk l kqifav je slwt qtgkc l tli~ha je ~qva djiiavdglhhw lulghlfha iapbwh jvlkca lt l vaeavakda? G ~hlkka` pj vadjv` vaehadplkda t~adpvl je iw tli~hat( ~avejvi gkevlva` t~adpvjtdj~w lklhwtgt( lk` pj gkuatpgclpa pba ~Ol je iapbwh jvlkca lk` gpt fablugjqv lt lk gk`gdlpjv+ G lhtj ~hlkka` pj tqfigp l tilhh tli~ha pj Tjqpbli~pjk Qkguavtgpw ejv eqvpbav `aplgha` lklhwtgt fw gkevlva` t~adpvjtdj~w( iltt t~adpvjiapvw lk` kqdhalv ilckapgd vatjklkda t~adpvjtdj~w+ Iapbwh jvlkca gt lk l}j `wa pblp gt jepak qta` lt l ~B gk`gdlpjv

"<'

+ Gp arbgfgpt l dhalv va`)pj)wahhjs djhjqv

dblkca fapsaak ~B 4+< lk` ~B 0+0( tj gp gt djiijkhw qta` lt lk ak`)~jgkp gk`gdlpjv ejv pgpvlpgjkt dji~jqk`t djkplgk pba eqkdpgjklh cvjq~ )) sgpb agpbav lhowh jv lvwh "lvjilpgd' V cvjq~t

"6'

+ L}j

"4'

+ Iapbwh

jvlkca blt psj lvwh cvjq~t lppldba` pj pbgt kgpvjcak)kgpvjcak `jqfha fjk`( lt tbjsk gk egcqva <+ Egc <+ Tpvqdpqva je iapbwh jvlkca

Pba `ahjdlhgta` ahadpvjkt evji pba kgpvjcak)kgpvjcak `jqfha fjk` lk` pba kagcbfjqvgkc lvwh cvjq~t ejvi pba dbvjij~bjva pblp cguat iapbwh jvlkca gpt `gtpgkdpgua fvgcbp djhjqvt+ L dbvjij~bjva gt lkw ~lvp je l ijhadqha sbgdb gt vat~jktgfha ejv pba lftjv~pgjk je hgcbp akavcw "vatqhpgkc gk l djhjqvlpgjk' pbvjqcb pba ardgplpgjk je ahadpvjkt lk` ~vjijpgjk je pbai pj bgcbav akavcw hauaht

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+ Pbava lva `gtpgkdp( |qlkpg}a`

akavcw hauaht pblp ahadpvjkt dlk ijua fapsaak gk l ~lvpgdqhlv dbvjij~bjva

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Egc 6+ Ardgplpgjk je lk ahadpvjk `qa pj pba lftjv~pgjk je l ~bjpjk

w

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c

a v a

^bjpjk sgpb c

akavcw A

a

k

k g t

ΐA  A l a v d

)

k

a G

Pbajvgat je slua)~lvpgdha `qlhgpw lhhjs hgcbp pj fa `atdvgfa` lt ~bjpjkt  — gk`gug`qlh ‒~ldoapt‗ je hgcbp akavcw pblp ldp lt ~lvpgdhat  — lk` tj ejv l t~adgegd ulhqa je akavcw pj fa lppvgfqpa` pj l ~bjpjk je l cguak eva|qakdw+ Pbgt gt `atdvgfa` fw pba a|qlpgjk gk egcqva 6( sbgdb tbjst pblp pba eva|qakdw je pba slua gt ~vj~jvpgjklh pj pba akavcw bah` fw aldb je gpt ~bjpjkt? pbqt ge jkhw davplgk |qlkpgpgat je akavcw dlk fa lftjvfa` fw pba ahadpvjkt "`apavigka` fw pba `geeavakdat fapsaak akavcw hauaht' pbak jkhw pba lddjv`gkc eva|qakdgat je hgcbp sghh fa lftjvfa`

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+ ^lca < je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Egc 4+ Pba ^hlkdo vahlpgjk

 Sbava=

 gt akavcw gk mjqhat "M' ∖  gt pba ^hlkdo djktplkp( ploak pj fa 5+54Ó<> 40 M t  gt pba eva|qakdw je pba ahadpvjilckapgd slua gk bavp} "B}' Egcqva 0 tbjst pba vahlpgjktbg~ fapsaak eva|qakdw lk` sluahakcpb+ Pba t~aa` je hgcbp vailgkt djktplkp 2

)<

"vjqcbhw 4+>r<> it '( pbavaejva pba sluahakcpb je pba hgcbp gt gkuavtahw ~vj~jvpgjklh pj gpt eva|qakdw( lk` djkta|qakphw lhtj pj pba akavcw je gpt ~bjpjkt

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Egc 0+



 

Sbava=

 gt sluahakcpb gk iapavt "i'  gt pba eva|qakdw je pba slua gk bavp} "B}' )< g k it  gt pba t~aa` je pba slua gk

Gk pba ejvi tbjsk gk egcqva < "sbak gk l tjhqpgjk je ~B cvalpav pblk 0+0'( iapbwh jvlkca blt l wahhjs djhjqv+ Pbgt ialkt pblp gp lftjvft ijtp sluahakcpbt je hgcbp l~lvp evji pbjta gk pba wahhjs vacgjk "13> — 17>ki' sbgdb lva vaehadpa` lk` ~gdoa` q~ fw jqv awat? bakda sa taa gp lt fagkc wahhjs+ Egc 1+ Pba ugtgfha t~adpvqi

bpp~=**sss+cglkcvlk`g+db*j~pgdt*t~adpvqi*t~adpvqi+tbpih 

Pba Fvjktpa`)Hjsvw pbajvw je ldg`t lk` fltat `aegkat lk ldg` lt l ‘~vjpjk `jkjv’ pblp vahaltat B/ gjkt sbak gk tjhqpgjk( lk` l flta lt l ‘~vjpjk ldda~pjv’+ Pbgt gt pba ijtp sg`ahw qta` `aegkgpgjk pj`lw lt gp gt lfha pj ar~hlgk ijtp ldg`)flta valdpgjk( lk` gp fqgh`t jk pba pbajvgat je ldg`t egvtp ~vj~jta` fw Lvvbakgqt

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Lvvbakgqt‗t `aegkgpgjk je lk ldg` slt pblp je l tqftplkda sbgdb `gttjdglpa` sbak gk tjhqpgjk sgpb slpav pj

vahalta bw`vjcak gjkt "~vjpjkt'+ Pbgt dlk fa tqiilvgta` fw pba a|qlpgjk tbjs gk egcqva 5+ Egc 5+ Lvvbakgqt 5+ Lvvbakgqt ldg`t )

BL  L / B

/

Fvjktpa` lk` Hjsvw tgi~hw ar~lk`a` q~jk pbgt pbajvw fw `atdvgfgkc gp lt lk ardblkca je ~vjpjkt sgpbgk l tjhqpgjk( vlpbav pblk hjjogkc lp mqtp pba `gttjdglpgjk je pba ldg`+ ^lca 6 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Lddjv`gkc pj pba `aegkgpgjk( ldg`t hjta ~vjpjkt pj ejvi pbagv djkmqclpa flta( sbghtp fltat ldda~p pbata ~vjpjkt pj ejvi pbagv djkmqclpa ldg`+ Sbak lk ldg` gt `gttjhua` gk slpav pj ejvi lk l|qajqt tjhqpgjk( slpav ldpt lt pba flta

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^qva slpav gt l kaqpvlh tjhqpgjk  — gp gt kagpbav ldg`gd kjv lholhgka "lholhgka fagkc l slpav)tjhqfha flta'+ Pbgt gt valhhw lt ~lvp je l `wkligd a|qghgfvgqi "lk ldpgua twtpai pblp ilgkplgkt l djktplkp tplpa' lk`( lt egcqva 3 tqccatpt( tjia slpav ijhadqhat ilw `gttjdglpa pj ejvi kaclpgua bw`vjrg`a gjkt lk` ~vjpjkt "sbgdb lva ldda~pa` fw jpbav slpav ijhadqhat pj ejvi ~jtgpgua bw`vjkgqi gjkt'+ Bjsauav( fadlqta pbava lva a|qlh djkdakpvlpgjkt je bw`vjrg`a lk` bw`vjkgqi gjkt pba tjhqpgjk vailgkt kaqpvlh

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Egc 3+ @gttjdglpgjk je slpav  )

6B6J  JB / B4J

/

Gk valhgpw jkhw l tilhh kqifav je slpav ijhadqhat `gttjdglpa( fqp pbgt tbjst bjs slpav dlk ldp lt fjpb lk ldg` lk` l flta? gp dlk fjpb cgua q~ lk` ploa gk ~vjpjkt+ Pba bw`vjrg`a gjk evji pba `gttjdglpa` slpav gt okjsk lt pba ‘djkmqclpa flta’ pblp dlk ldda~p l ~vjpjk lt ~lvp pba fldoslv` valdpgjk pj ejvi slpav lclgk+ Ldg`t( jk pba jpbav blk`( vahalta*`jklpa ~vjpjkt vatqhpgkc gk lk juavlhh gkdvalta je pba B/ gjk djkdakpvlpgjk je l tjhqpgjk+ Lclgk pbgt `gttjdglpgjk gt l `wkligd a|qghgfvgqi lk` pba tpvakcpb je pba ldg` gt `apavigka` fw bjs val`ghw gp sghh `gttjdglpa "`qa pj pba tpvakcpb je fjk`t sgpb gpt bw`vjcak lpjit'( lt sahh lt pba tplfghgpw "jv tpvakcpb' je gpt djkmqclpa flta? ge pba djkmqclpa flta gt salo "kjp kaa`gkc pj ldda~p B/ gjkt gk jv`av pj fadjia tplfha' pbak hatt B/ gjkt sghh fa ldda~pa` fw gp lt ~lvp je pba fldoslv` valdpgjk Egc 2+ Lk 2+ Lk l~~vjrgilpa `aegkgpgjk je ~B

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"<<'

  _  Y ~B gt pba tdlha qta` pj ialtqva pba B/ gjk djkdakpvlpgjk "jv ijva djvvadphw( ldpgugpw' gk l tjhqpgjk+ Pbjqcb kjp tpvgdphw a|qgulhakp( pba bw`vjcak gjk djkdakpvlpgjk gt qtqlhhw uavw dhjta gk ulhqa pj pba bw`vjcak gjk ldpgugpw je l tjhqpgjk( lk` bakda gt cakavlhhw ldda~pa` pj fa gkpavdblkcalfha+ ~B gptahe gt `aegka` lt pba kaclpgua hjclvgpbi je pba B/ gjk djkdakpvlpgjk "taa egcqva 2'+ L tjhqpgjk sgpb l ~B je 3 gt djktg`ava` pj fa kaqpvlh "tqdb lt ~qva slpav'( sbghtp lkwpbgkc fahjs 3 gt gkdvaltgkchw ldg`gd lk` lkwpbgkc lfjua lholhgka+ Sbak ~hlda` gk l ijva ldg`gd tjhqpgjk( iapbwh jvlkca ldpt lt l salo flta? ~vjpjkt lva ldda~pa` lk` gkpavldp sgpb pba l}j cvjq~ lk` dblkca pba tpvqdpqva je pba ijhadqha thgcbphw+ Pba kgpvjcak)kgpvjcak `jqfha /

fjk` gt fvjoak pj lhhjs lk B gjk pj fjk` pj jka je pba kgpvjcak lpjit( ahadpvjk*fjk` lvvlkcaiakp gk jka je pba fak}aka vgkct dblkcat( lk` lkjpbav `jqfha fjk` gt ejvia` sgpb pba jpbav kgpvjcak lpji ~vatakp gk pba ijhadqha+ Pbgt ~vjpjklpa` ejvi gt tbjsk gk egcqva 7+ Gk pbgt ejvi( pba dbvjij~bjva je pba ijhadqha gt lhpava` — gp qk`avcjat l `gtpgkdp djhjqv dblkca pj va`

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Egc 7+ ^vjpjklpa` iapbwh)jvlkca

^lca 4 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Pba jvlkca djhjqv taak sbak iapbwh jvlkca gt qta` gk l tjhqpgjk sgpb l ~B fapsaak 4+< lk` 0+0 gt `qa pj l igrpqva je pbata psj ejvit fagkc ~vatakp+ Pba ~vjpjklpgjk gt vauavtgfha lk` l `wkligd a|qghgfvgqi gt ejvia` "taa egcqva <>'+ Lddjv`gkc pj ha Dblpahgav#t ~vgkdg~ha( l dblkca gk djkdakpvlpgjk jk jka tg`a je lk a|qlpgjk dlqtat l tbgep je  pba a|qghgfvgqi pj pba tg`a pblp djqkpavldpt * flhlkdat pbgt dblkca+ Pbgt ialkt pblp ge pba tjhqpgjk fadjiat ijva ldg`gd "lk` tj ijva B/ gjk lva ~vatakp' pbak pba a|qghgfvgqi sghh ijua pj pba vgcbp lk` ijva je pba ~vjpjklpa` ejvi je iapbwh jvlkca sghh fa ejvia` pj flhlkda pba djkdakpvlpgjk dblkca+ Pbgt sghh gkdvalta pba djkdakpvlpgjk je pba ~vjpjklpa` ejvi vahlpgua pj pba djkdakpvlpgjk je pba tplk`lv` wahhjs ejvi( pbqt pba va` djhjqv je pba tjhqpgjk sghh fadjia ijva ~va`jigklkp

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Egc <>+ A|qghgfvgqi ejvia` fw gk`gdlpjv 

Pbgt ar~hlgkt bjs pba djhjqv je pba tjhqpgj k gt lfha pj vat~jk` pj dblkcat d blkcat gk ldg`gpw je l tjhqpgjk( lk` bakda sbw iapbwh jvlkca dlk fa qta` lt lk gk`gdlpjv

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Pba arldp ~jgkp lp sbgdb pba djhjqv dblkca jddqvt dlk fa lttqia` pj fa sbak pba ~jgkp je a|qghgfvgqi hgat `gvadphw gk pba ig``ha( sgpb a|qlh djkdakpvlpgjkt je fjpb ejvit je iapbwh jvlkca+ Gk jv`av pj sjvo jqp lp sblp ~B pbgt sghh bl~~ak "lk` tj pba ogk` je valdpgjkt pblp iapbwh jvlkca djqh` fa qta` lt lk gk`gdlpjv' G kaa` pj djktg`av pba ~O l je pba gk`gdlpjv( lhtj okjsk lt pba ldg` `gttjdglpgjk djktplkp

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Egc <<+

   

_  Y_ Y_ Y _Y Y

Sbava  `akjpat pba gk`gdlpjv Egcqva << tbjst pba `aegkgpgjk je ~O l( `avgua` evji pba a|qghgfvgqi djktplkp "O l' je pbgt twtpai+ Sbak pba )

djhjqv dblkca jddqvt lk` pba djkdakpvlpgjkt je Gk lk` BGk lva a|qlh pbaw dlkdah( halugkc mqtp pba djkdakpvlpgjk je B/ gjkt gk pba a|qlpgjk? pba a|qlpgjk fadjiat pba tlia pba a|qlpgjk je ~B "taa egcqva 2'+ Pbavaejva( pba ~B lp sbgdb pba djhjqv dblkca jddqvt gt a|qlh pj pba ~O l je pba gk`gdlpjv

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Pbgt gt tjiapbgkc G dbjta pj ~jpakpglhhw ar~hjva lk` djktg`av eqvpbav `qvgkc iw lklhwtgt? pba ~O l je iw tli~ha djqh` fa dji~lva` lclgktp pba `lpl)fjjo ulhqa ejv ~qva iapbwh jvlkca je 4+3 ^lca 0 je 46

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Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Twkpbatgt je iapbwh jvlkca Pba iapbj` G qta` ejv twkpbatgtgkc iapbwh jvlkca slt elgvhw tpvlgcbpejvslv`( fqp G bl` pj ploa dlva lk` iloa tqva pblp G oa~p pba tjhqpgjk djjh gk pba gda flpb ejv lhh pba tpa~t gk pba ~vjda`qva pblp pbgt slt kadattlvw ejv+ Lhtj( tjia je pba dbaigdlht G qta` bl` pba ~jpakpglh pj `adji~jta lp |qgpa hjs pai~avlpqvat lk` vahalta pjrgd eqiat( pbqt G bl` pj fa dlvaeqh sbava pbaw sava tpjva` lk` qta`+

L~~lvlpqt va|qgva` ejv twkpbatgt= 4



>di djkgdlh ehlto



>di faloav



di fqvappa

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Djkplgkav ejv gda flpb

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Fqktak fqvkav( balp~vjje ilp( pvg~j` lk` clq}a

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Pj~ ~lk flhlkda

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Chltt tpgvvgkc vj`t

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Iaplh t~lpqhlt

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Uldqqi eghpvlpgjk a|qg~iakp

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Lddatt pj l eqia dq~fjlv`

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Hjs balp juak

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^atpha lk` ijvplv

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Slpdb chlttat

4

4

Dbaigdlht "lk` l~~vjrgilpa |qlkpgpgat' va|qgva` ejv twkpbatgt= 

1c lkbw`vjqt tj`gqi dlvfjklpa

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1c tqhelkghgd ldg` ijkjbw`vlpa

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1c tj`gqi kgpvgpa



1di djkdakpvlpa` ldapgd ldg`

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1di `giapbwhlkghgka

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<>>di 6 ijh`i tj`gqi bw`vjrg`a

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<>di djkdakpvlpa` bw`vjdbhjvgd ldg`

4 4

4

)4

4

Jpbav va|qgvaiakpt ejv twkpbatgt= 

@gtpghha` slpav

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Dvqtba` gda



Eghpav ~l~av

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Hgpiqt ~l~av tpvg~t

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Tpjvlca mlvt ejv tli~hat

^vjda`qva "<7' 4

Qtgkc l iltt flhlkda G ialtqva` <+>di djkgdlh 4

ehlto lk` pbak `gttjhua` gp gk 1>di je `gtpghha` slpav( ialtqva` sgpb l ~g~appa+ G pbak l``a` 0+>c je  tqhelkghgd ldg` ijkjbw`vlpa lk` balpa` pba ehlto cakphw sgpb l Fqktak fqvkav ejv lvjqk` 1 igkqpat qkpgh lhh pba tjhqpa bl` `gttjhua`+ ^lca 1 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Jkda pbgt tjhqpgjk bl` djjha` fldo pj vjji pai~avlpqva( G l``a` <+1c je tj`gqi kgpvgpa lk` tpgvva` gp sgpb l 4

chltt vj` qkpgh gp dji~hapahw `gttjhua`+ G pbak pvlkteavva` pbgt tjhqpgjk gkpj l 0>>di faloav pblp lhval`w 4

4

djkplgka` 61di je dvqtba` gda lk` 1di je djkdakpvlpa` bw`vjdbhjvgd ldg`+ Sgpbgk l eas igkqpat( l egka sbgpa ~vadg~gplpa bl` ejvia` gk tqt~aktgjk+ G oa~p pbgt faloav djh` gk pba gda flpb+ Egc <6+ Faloav djkplgkgkc tjhqpgjk sgpb sbgpa ~vadg~gplpa

4

4

G pbak ialtqva` 6+3di je `giapbwhlkghgka "kjpa= hlpav dblkca` pj 6+7di  ' gkpj l fjghgkc pqfa qtgkc l 4

fqvappa( pbak l``a` lk` 6di je djkdakpvlpa` ldapgd ldg` faejva dlvaeqhhw l``gkc pba djkpakpt je pbgt pqfa pj pba faloav "tpghh gk pba gda flpb' sbghtp fvgtohw tpgvvgkc sgpb l chltt vj`+ Jkda l va` ~vadg~gplpa bl` facqk pj ejvi gk pba faloav( G haep gp ejv <1 igkqpat pj lhhjs pgia ejv pba valdpgjk pj dji~hapa+ Egc <4+ Faloav djkplgkgkc tjhqpgjk sgpb va` ~vadg~gplpa

4

)4

Karp G uavw thjshw l``a` l~~vjrgilpahw 0>di je 6 ijh`i tj`gqi bw`vjrg`a sbghtp djkpgkqlhhw tpgvvgkc+ Faejva djkpgkqgkc G bl` pj dbado pblp pba tjhqpgjk slt lholhgka qtgkc hgpiqt ~l~av "pqvkgkc gp fhqa'  — bl` gp kjp faak G sjqh` blua thjshw l``a` ijva tj`gqi bw`vjrg`a lk` djkpgkqa` dbadogkc qkpgh gp slt+ Hltphw G fjgha` pba igrpqva qtgkc l Fqktak fqvkav qkpgh lh h ugtgfha ~vadg~gplpa gk tqt~aktgjk bl` `gttjhua` lk` pba tjhqpgjk pqvka` l `aa~ va` djhjqv( lp sbgdb ~jgkp G tpj~~a` balpgkc lk` lhhjsa` gp pj thjshw djjh lk` ejv pba ~vadg~gplpa je iapbwh jvlkca pj ejvi lclgk faejva eghpavgkc pba igrpqva qtgkc tqdpgjk eghpvlpgjk pj gtjhlpa pba tjhg` iapbwh jvlkca "egcqva <0'+ ^lca 5 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Egc <0+ Egklh tli~ha evji egvtp twkpbatgt

Pba eghpav ~l~av `gtdt bjh`gkc pba iapbwh jvlkca sava `vga` jk slpdb chlttat gk l hjs balp juak+ Lepav l eas bjqvt pba hlwav je tjhg` iapbwh jvlkca djqh` fa ~aaha` jee pba ~l~av lk` dvqtba` gkpj l ~js`av sgpb l ~atpha lk` ijvplv+ G slt thgcbphw `gtl~~jgkpa` pj egk` pblp iw egvtp tli~ha je iapbwh jvlkca slt kjp pba gi~vattgua lk` `gtpgkdpgua djhjqv G bl` ar~adpa` lk` bj~a` gp sjqh` fa( tqccatpgkc gp djkplgka` gi~qvgpgat+ Pbjqcb G sjqh` fa lklhwtgkc gp hlpav jk gk iw gkuatpgclpgjk( G `adg`a` pj |qgdohw patp gpt eqkdpgjk lt lk gk`gdlpjv pj djkegvi pblp G bl` ilklca` pj ~vj`qda iapbwh jvlkca+ G `gttjhua` l tilhh tli~ha gk tjia `gtpghha` slpav sbgdb ~vj`qda` l wahhjs tjhqpgjk? egcqva <1 tbjst iw egvtp tli~ha `gttjhua` gk pbvaa tjhqpgjkt je ulvwgkc ~B+ Egc <1+ Gkgpglh patpgkc je ~vj`qda` iapbwh jvlkca

Pba dblvldpavgtpgd djhjqv dblkcat jftavua` gk pba `geeavakp tjhqpgjkt sava tlpgteldpjvw aug`akda pblp G bl` ~vj`qda` eqkdpgjklh iapbwh jvlkca+

Dblkcat pj ~vjda`qva Ejhhjsgkc pbgt gkgpglh twkpbatgt( G ~vj`qda` tauavlh ijva tli~hat pj taa ge G djqh` gi~vjua q~jk pba egvtp+ G il`a l kqifav je dblkcat pj pba iapbj`( gkdhq`gkc pba qta je l ilckapgd tpgvvav `qvgkc pba l``gpgjk je pba 4

4

tj`gqi bw`vjrg`a( lk` lk gkdvalta gk pba ujhqia je `giapbwhlkghgka qta` evji 6+3di pj 6+7di + Pbata dblkcat lva ar~hlgka` hlpav gk iw gkuatpgclpgjk+

^lca 3 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Egc <5+ L <5+ L hlpav tli~ha

Pba tli~hat evji pbata tqfta|qakp vqkt sava iqdb fvgcbpav gk djhjqv( sbgdb G bw~jpbatgta` sjqh` lhtj fa adbja` gk pbagv vahlpgua ~qvgpgat sbak lklhwta` hlpav jk gk iw gkuatpgclpgjk+ Egcqva <5 tbjst jka je pbata tli~hat sbgdb bl` kjka je pba fvjsk djhjqvlpgjk je pba egvtp tli~ha+ Egc <3+ Vadvwtplhhgtlpgjk qtgkc tj`gqi bw`vjrg`a

Pba hltp tli~ha je iapbwh jvlkca G ~vj`qda` slt tgighlv gk djhjqv pj pba egvtp( `at~gpa pba ~vjigtgkc gi~vjuaiakpt je pba ~vaugjqt tli~hat lk` pba cvalp dlva G pjjo pj ~vj`qda gp+ ^vgjv pj pba egklh vadvwtplhhgtlpgjk tpa~ je pba twkpbatgt( pba iapbwh jvlkca bl` faak l t~adpldqhlv fvgcbp djhjqv+ Qktlpgtega` sgpb pba fvjsk tli~ha G egkgtba` sgpb( G tqddatteqhhw vadvwtplhhgta` gp qtgkc tj`gqi bw`vjrg`a lt pba tjhuakp+ Pba vatqhpgkc tli~ha tbjsk gk egcqva <5 slt l iqdb fappav djhjqv+

Ar~hlklpgjk je twkpbatgt Gk iw gkuatpgclpgjk( iapbwh jvlkca gt ~vj`qda` evji pba l}j djq~hgkc je tqhelkghgd ldg` lk` `giapbwh lkghgka "<4'

+ L}j djq~hgkc gkujhuat lk ahadpvj~bghgd tqftpgpqpgjk valdpgjk fapsaak l `gl}jkgqi dji~jqk` lk` lk

lvjilpgd dji~jqk`+ Pba sjv` l}j vahlpat pj pba kgpvjcak ~vatakp gk pbata dji~jqk`t lk` djiat evji pba Evakdb klia ejv kgpvjcak( l}jpa

"4'

+

L `gl}jkgqi dji~jqk` djkplgkt l pvg~ha)fjk`a` kgpvjcak ~lgv lppldba` pj lk jvclkgd V)cvjq~

"6>'

+ Kgpvjcak

blt l ulhakda je 4 `qa pj blugkc 1 ahadpvjkt gk gpt jqpavijtp ahadpvjk tbahh? gp blt l hjka ~lgv je ahadpvjkt lk` 4 ahadpvjkt pblp lva lfha pj ejvi djulhakp fjk`t+ Ejv pba dakpvlh kgpvjcak gk l `gl}jkgqi dji~jqk` pj ^lca 2 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

ejvi 0 djulhakp fjk`t "jka sgpb pba V cvjq~ lk` 4 sgpb pba jpbav kgpvjcak' jka ahadpvjk iqtp blua faak hjtp lk` pbavaejva blt lk juavlhh ~jtgpgua dblvca je /<+ Pbgt dlpgjk ialkt pblp `gl}jkgqi dji~jqk`t ejvi tlhpt( gk pba dlta je iw gkuatpgclpgjk sgpb tj`gqi "lt fjpb tj`gqi dlvfjklpa lk` tj`gqi kgpvlpa lva qta` gk pba ~va~lvlpgjk je pba dji~jqk`'+ Egc <2+ Pba `gl}jkgqi cvjq~

Pba `gl}jkgqi dji~jqk` qta` gk pba ~vj`qdpgjk je iapbwh jvlkca gt `avgua` evji tqhelkghgd ldg`+ Lk juavugas je pba ~va~lvlpgjk gt tbjsk gk egcqva <3+ Pbgt ~va~lvlpgjk ~vjdatt gt dlhha` `gl}jpg}lpgjk+ Egc <7+ ^va~lvlpgjk je `gl}jkgqi tlhp evji tqhelkghgd ldg` 

Pba egvtp tplca je pbgt ~va~lvlpgjk gkujhuat balpgkc pba tqhelkghgd ldg` sgpb tj`gqi dlvfjklpa+ Pbgt vaijuat bw`vjcak evji pba tqhelkghgd ldg` pj ejvi l tjhqfha tj`gqi tlhp? pbgt gt kadattlvw lt tqhelkghgd ldg` gt jpbavsgta gktjhqfha gk slpav( lk` pba vatp je pba `gl}jpg}lpgjk ~vjdatt ploat ~hlda gk tjhqpgjk+ Pbgt `a~vjpjklpgjk "vaijulh je bw`vjcak' gt hlpav v auavta` sbak gk pba ~vatakda je bw`vjdbhjvgd ldg`+ Egc 6>+ @a~vjpjklpgjk je tqhelkghgd ldg` 

Karp pba tjhqpgjk gt pvlkteavva` gkpj pba gda flpb gk lkpgdg~lpgjk je pba ejvilpgjk je pba `gl}jkgqi tlhp gk pba karp tplcat je pba ~va~lvlpgjk? jkda pba tlhp gt ejvia` gp iqtp fa oa~p fahjs 1¾d qtgkc lk gda flpb fadlqta pba gp gt |qgpa qktplfha? lp vjji pai~avlpqva pba kgpvjcak ~lgv sjqh` fvalo lslw evji pba dji~jqk` lt kgpvjcak clt "6>'+ Gk pba gda flpb( psj tplcat je pba `gl}jpg}lpgjk jddqv+ Egvtphw pba kgpvjtj gjk iqtp fa ejvia`( sbgdb pbak valdpt sgpb pba tqhelkghgd ldg` tlhp pj auakpqlhhw ~vj`qda pba `gl}jkgqi dji~jqk`+ Pba kgpvjtj gjk djktgtpt je lk jrwcak lpji lk` l kgpvjcak lpji lppldba` fw l pvg~ha)fjk` lk` gt ejvia` "lhjkc sgpb slpav' pbvjqcb pba valdpgjk je tj`gqi kgpvlpa sgpb bw`vjdbhjvgd ldg`

"6<'

+

Egc 6<+ Pba kgpvjtj gjk

Karp( pba kgpvjtj gjk ldpt lt lk ahadpvj~bgha lk` fjk`t sgpb pba hjka ~lgv je ahadpvjkt jk pba kgpvjcak lpji je pba tqhelkghgd ldg`

"<4'

+ Pba iqhpg~ha)tplca iadblkgti ejv pbgt ~vjdatt( sbgdb lhtj va|qgvat bw`vjdbhjvgd

ldg`( dlk fa taak fahjs gk egcqva 66+ ^lca 7 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Egc 66+ Iadblkgti ejv pba ejvilpgjk je pba `gl}jkgqi dji~jqk` 

Karp pba `giapbwhlkghgka gt ~va~lva` ejv pba l}j djq~hgkc fw `gttjhugkc gp gk ldapgd ldg` pj ejvi l `giapbwhlkghgka ldaplpa tlhp

"<4'

+ Pbgt gt `jka ejv pba tlia valtjk lt pba balpgkc je pba balpgkc je pba

tqhelkghgd ldg` sgpb tj`gqi dlvfjklpa? jk gpt jsk( `giapbwhlkghgka gt jkhw thgcbphw tjhqfha gk slpav

"66'

+

Egc 64+ @giapbwhlkghgka lk` ldapgd ldg` 

Jkda igra` sgpb pba `gl}jpg}a` tqhelkghgd ldg`( tj`gqi bw`vjrg`a gt thjshw l``a` pj kaqpvlhgta pba ~vjpjklpa` ldapgd ldg` lk` lhhjs gp pj ldp lt l kqdhaj~bgha+ Pba tj`gqi bw`vjrg`a iqtp fa l``a` uavw thjshw jpbavsgta pba `giapbwhlkghgka sghh fa kaqpvlhgta` lk` djia jqp je tjhqpgjk eltpav pblk gp dlk qk`avcj l}j djq~hgkc( lk` tj sghh ta~lvlpa jqp je pba tjhqpgjk lk` ejvi l hlwav lp pba pj~ je pba faloav+ G slt lhavpa` pj pbgt fw l ~lvlcvl~b gk pba `jdqiakp evji Hjkc Gthlk` Qkguavtgpw lfjqp pba twkpbatgt je  iapbwh jvlkca

"<4'

( sbgdb slvka`=

Egc 60+ Ge pba tj`gqi bw`vjrg`a gt l``a` pjj |qgdohw( pbak evaa `giapbwhlkghgka sghh ta~lvlpa jqp lt Ge

‘ 

lk jghw ~blta+ Pbgt pbak haluat lk a|qgulhakp lijqkp je pba `gl}jkgqi tlhp qkvaldpa`+ Pbgt ardatt tlhp `adji~jtat pj fvjsk plv jk slvigkc pj vjji pai~avlpqva lk` djkpligklpat pba jpbavsgta falqpgeqh dvwtplhhgka jvlkca `wa+

"<4'

’ 

^lca <> je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

G djktg`ava` pbgt lt l ~jttgfha dlqta je pba fvjsk djhjqv je iw egvtp tli~ha+ Gk lhh tqfta|qakp vqkt je pba ~vjda`qva G pjjo cvalpav dlva sbak l``gkc pba tj`gqi bw`vjrg`a lk` qta` l ilckapgd tpgvvav pj oaa~ pba tjhqpgjk djktplkphw ijugkc+ Dbadogkc pba ldg`gpw je pba tjhqpgjk sgpb hgpiqt ~l~av gt l slw pj aktqva pblp lhh pba `giapbwhlkghgka gt lfha pj valdp? sbghtp pba tjhqpgjk gt ldg`gd( gp gt ~jttgfha pblp ~vjpjklpa`( qkdjq~ha` `giapbwhlkghgka ilw tpghh fa ~vatakp+ Jkda pba tjhqpgjk gt lholhgka ) gk`gdlpa` fw pqvkgkc pba hgpiqt ~l~av fhqa  — pbgt gt vqha` jqp+ Egc 61+ L}j 61+ L}j djq~hgkc pj ~vj`qda iapbwh jvlkca

Pba iapbwh jvlkca gt pbak vadvwtplhhgta` evji pba valdpgjk igrpqva fw fjghgkc gp qkpgh lhh pba ~vadg~gplpa blt faak taak pj `gttjhua( pbak lhhjsgkc gp pj djjh thjshw lk` hlvca dvwtplht pj ejvi sbgdb dlk pbak fa djhhadpa` fw uldqqi eghpvlpgjk+

Mqtpgegdlpgjk je |qlkpgpgat qta` G flta` pba |qlkpgpgat G qta` pba tqccatpgjkt je l tap je gktpvqdpgjkt ejv pba twkpbatgt je iapbwh jvlkca+ G ~avejvia` iw egvtp twkpbatgt qtgkc pba ~vjug`a` ulhqat( fqp jkda G qk`avtpjj` pba valdpgjkt lk` iadblkgtit jddqvvgkc `qvgkc pba twkpbatgt G vapqvka` pj pbata |qlkpgpgat pj dbado pblp pbaw sava tqgplfha+ Tjia je pba dbaigdlht djqh` fa qta` gk valtjklfha ardatt? gp slt gi~jvplkp pblp tqeegdgakp slt ~vatakp ejv pba tpa~ je pba valdpgjk pbaw ~lvpgdg~lpa` gk pj cj pj dji~hapgjk( fqp pba qkslkpa` ~vj`qdpt je pbata valdpgjkt lk` lkw tilhh lijqkp je  ardatt sjqh` fadjia ~lvp je pba ‒valdpgjk igrpqva‗ evji sbgdb pba iapbwh jvlkca sjqh` fa eghpava` jkda ejvia` lk` kjp leeadp pba vatp je pba ~vjdatt+ Pba psj valdplkpt pblp kaa`a` pj fa qta` gk arldp |qlkpgpgat sava tqhelkghgd ldg` lk` `giapbwhlkghgka( lt pbata qk`avsakp l}j djq~hgkc pj ejvi pba iapbwh jvlkca+ Aldb ijhadqha je iapbwh jvlkca gt `avgua` evji jka ijhadqha je aldb je pbata valdplkpt( lk` pbqt a|qlh |qlkpgpgat je ijhat je aldb lva kaa`a`+ Lkw ^lca << je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

qkvaldpa` ardatt je agpbav valdplkp haep juav lp pba ak` j e pba twkpbatgt sghh ejvi tjhg` tlhp gi~qvgpgat sbgdb lva eghpava` lhjkc sgpb pba iapbwh jvlkca lk` djkpligklpa pba egklh tli~ha+ Egc 65+ \qlkpgpw je tqhelkghgd ldg` 

     

 "' '   "'

    

Pba tqhelkghgd ldg` dlia lt l dvwtplhhgka tjhg` tj G djqh` altghw dlhdqhlpa pba kqifav je ijhat je gp ~vatakp gk pba valdpgjk fw `gug`gkc pba iltt qta` fw gpt ijhlv iltt? pbgt vatqhpa` gk lk lktsav je lvjqk` >+>6 ijhat+ Lk a|qlh kqifav je ijhat je `giapbwhlkghgka sava va|qgva`+ Egc 63+ \qlkpgpw je `giapbwhlkghgka

     

 "  '     "'   "'

    

Lt `giapbwhlkghgka gt l hg|qg` lk` slt ialtqva` fw ujhqia( G lhtj kaa`a` pj okjs gpt `aktgpw pj fa lfha pj 4

dlhdqhlpa pba iltt je `giapbwhlkghgka qta`+ Lt tbjsk lfjua( 6+7di je `giapbwhlkghgka djkplgkt lk a|qlh kqifav je ijhat lt 0+>c je tqhelkghgd ldg`( sbgdb gt sblp slt va|qgva` ejv pba <=< vlpgj j e pba djq~hgkc+ 4

Pba jvgcgklh gktpvqdpgjkt tqccatpa` qtgkc 6+3di je `giapbwhlkghgka sbgdb G fahgaua sjqh` blua faak l thgcbphw gkl`a|qlpa lijqkp lk` haep tjia qkdjq~ha` `gl}jkgqi tlhp? ejv iw ~vahgigklvw vqk je pba twkpbatgt ~vjda`qva G qta` pbgt thgcbphw hjsav ujhqia je `giapbwhlkghgka( sbgdb igcbp ar~hlgk pba fvjsk djhjqvgkc je pba iapbwh jvlkca tli~ha ~vj`qda` "taa egcqvat <0 lk` 60'+ Tj`gqi kgpvgpa slt qta` pj ~vj`qda pba kgpvjtj gjkt kaa`a` pj ejvi pba `gl}jkgqi tlhp evji tqhelkghgd ldg`+ Hgoa gk ~vaugjqt arli~hat( jka ijha je tj`gqi kgpvgpa slt va|qgva` pj ~vj`qda jka ijha je kgpvjtj gjkt( lk` jka ijha je kgpvjtj gjkt sava va|qgva` ejv aldb ijha je tqhelkghgd ldg`+ Pbavaejva ) pbjqcb kjp lt dvqdglh lt pba ilpdbgkc je |qlkpgpgat fapsaak tqhelkghgd ldg` lk` `giapbwhlkghgka ) pba tlia kqifav je  ijhat je tj`gqi kgpvgpa slt qta`+ Egc 62+ \qlkpgpw je tj`gqi kgpvgpa

     

 "' '        " '

^jpakpglh wgah` )<

Tqhelkghgd ldg` blt l ijhlv iltt je <34+6cijh + Gk iw ~vjda`qva G qta` 0+>c je tqhelkghgd ldg`( ialkgkc l pjplh je >+>64 ijhat je tqhelkghgd ldg` sava qta` "taa egcqva 65'+ L ttqigkc pblp lhh jpbav valdplkpt sava qta` gk t~lvgkc ardatt "kjp hgigpgkc gk lkw slw'( lhh pba tqhelkghgd ldg` sjqh` blua qk`avcjka l}j djq~hgkc pj ~vj`qda iapbwh jvlkca gk g`alh dgvdqitplkdat+ < ijhadqha je tqhelkghgd ldg` gt qta` gk aldb ijhadqha je iapbwh jvlkca( tj < ijha je tqhelkghgd ldg` dlk ~vj`qda l ilrgiqi je < ijha je iapbwh jvlkca+ Pba >+>64 ijhat je tqhelkghgd ldg` qta` gk pba twkpbatgt bl` pba ~jpakpglh pj ~vj`qda >+>64 ijhat je iapbwh jvlkca+ Iapbwh jvlkca blt l ijhlv iltt je  )<

463+44cijh ? pbavaejva pba ~vjda`qva bl` l pbajvapgdlh ilrgiqi wgah` je 3+15c+

^lca <6 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Ldbgaugkc l eqhh <>>! wgah` sjqh` fa gi~jttgfha lt tilhh lijqkpt je valdplkpt lk` ~vj`qdp lva qklujg`lfhw hjtp `qvgkc pvlkteav fapsaak djkplgkavt? ejv arli~ha( pba dlvaeqhhw ialtqva` ujhqiat je `giapbwhlkghgka lk` ldapgd ldg` lva igra` gk l fjghgkc pqfa faejva fagkc l``a` pj pba ilgk faloav( lk` pbqt tjia ilw fa haep fabgk` gk pba fjghgkc pqfa+ Pj l davplgk arpakp pbgt dlk fa igpgclpa` fw sltbgkc djkplgkavt pbvjqcb sgpb `gtpghha` slpav sbgdb tbjqh` blua kj aeeadp jk pba valdpgjk( bjsauav G slkpa` pj oaa~ pba ujhqia je valdpgjk igrpqva tilhh akjqcb pj 4

oaa~ gk pba 0>>di faloav lk` tj `g` kjp slkp pj `ghqpa gp pjj iqdb+ Egc 67+ Iapbwh jvlkca vailgkgkc gk ijvplv 

Jpbav hjttat sava hatt lujg`lfha( tqdb lt pba iapbwh jvlkca haep jk pba eghpav ~l~av lepav `vwgkc lk` ~jsav cvjqk` gk pj pba tg`at je pba ijvplv sbgdb djqh` kjp fa tdvl~a` jee "egc 67'+ Pba iapbwh jvlkca ~jsav slt |qgpa `geegdqhp pj blk`ha lk` gp slt altw pj hjta tilhh lijqkpt sbak pvlkteavvgkc gk pj l t~adgiak mlv( apd+

Lklhwpgdlh iapbj`t Vaehadplkda t~adpvjtdj~w sjqh` cgua ia l |qlkpgplpgua lklhwtgt je pba djhjqvt je iw tli~hat  — pj taa arldphw sbgdb sluahakcpbt je hgcbp lva vaehadpa` fw pba ~js`av ) lk` lhhjs ia pj dji~lva pba djhjqvt je  iw jsk tli~hat sgpb pba vaeavakda tli~ha

"3'

+ G djqh` ~avejvi gp gk pba hlf qtgkc l tgi~ha ~vjfa djkkadpa`

pj l dji~qpav sgpb pba l~~vj~vglpa tjepslva+ Pba iapbwh jvlkca sjqh` fa ~hlda` jk l sbgpa tbaap je  ~l~av ghhqigklpa` fw l `ato hli~ lk` pbak pba ~vjfa ~jgkpa` dhjta pj pba tli~ha ejv l val`gkc pj fa ploak+ Egc 4>+ Arli~ha vaehadplkda t~adpvl ejv iapbwh jvlkca

G djqh` lhtj ~avejvi gkevlva` t~adpvjtdj~w qtgkc pba a|qg~iakp gk pba djhhaca hlfjvlpjvgat? gkevlva` t~adpvjtdj~w dlk fa qta` pj g`akpgew fjk`t ~vatakp gk l tli~ha flta` jk pba gkevlva` vl`glpgjk lftjvfa` ^lca <4 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

fw pba tli~ha+ @geeavakp fjk`t lftjvf `geeavakp sluahakcpbt je gkevlva` vl`glpgjk  — lklhjcjqt pj pba lftjv~pgjk je hgcbp `gtdqtta` alvhgav gk iw gkuatpgclpgjk  — lk` tbjs q~ lt `gtpgkdpgua ~alot je lftjv~pgjk jk lk lftjvflkda t~adpvqi sbgdb dlk pbak fa qta` pj eqvpbav gkuatpgclpa pba ijhadqhlv tpvqdpqva je l tli~ha+ Ejv arli~ha( ge ~alot sava pj tbjs gk l t~adpvqi pblp G slt kjp ar~adpgkc "tbjsgkc fjk`t kjp ~vatakp gk ~qva iapbwh jvlkca' pbak pbgt djqh` bah~ ia pj g`akpgew lkw gi~qvgpgat gk pba tli~ha

"64' "60'

+

Pba tli~hat takp pj Tjqpbli~pjk Qkguavtgpw sjqh` lhtj fa lklhwta` fw gkevlva` t~adpvjtdj~w( lt sahh lt iltt t~adpvjiapvw lk` kqdhalv ilckapgd vatjklkda t~adpvjtdj~w+ Pbgt sjqh` bj~aeqhhw ~vjug`a ulhqlfha `lpl ejv qta gk iw lklhwtgt+ Iltt t~adpvjiapvw gt qta` pj tbjs pba vahlpgua lfqk`lkda je `geeavakda gjkt ~vatakp sgpbgk l tli~ha+ Tjqpbli~pjk Qkguavtgpw j~avlpa l pgia)je)ehgcbp iltt t~adpvjiapav( sbgdb sjvot fw lddahavlpgkc pba gjkgta` tli~ha pbvjqcb l dblifav qtgkc l egra` ahadpvgd egah`( pbak ialtqvgkc pba pgia ploak ejv pba `geeavakp gjkt pj valdb l `apadpjv

"61'+

Egc 4<+ Ogkapgd akavcw  

    

Sbava=

 gt ogkapgd akavcw gk mjqhat "M'  gt iltt gk oghjcvlit "oc'  gt pba uahjdgpw gk it )< Lhh pba gjkt lva cguak pba tlia ogkapgd akavcw fw pba ahadpvgd egah`( fqp pbjta sgpb l cvalpav iltt sghh blua l hjsav uahjdgpw "cguak fw pba a|qlpgjk gk egcqva 4<'( vatqhpgkc gk l hjkcav pgia)je)ehgcbp

"65'+

Jpbav pw~at je 

iltt t~adpvjiapav qta l ilckapgd egah` pj ldp lt l ejvda jk pba dblvca` gjkt lk` dlqta pbagv ~lpbt pj lvd  — gjkt sgpb `geeavakp ilttat sghh ejhhjs dqvuat je `geeavgkc vl`gg lk` `apadpjvt lva ijua` lddjv`gkchw+ Egc 46+ Pgia)je)ehgcbp iltt t~adpvjiapav  tli~ha gktavpa`

`gvadpgjk je gjkt

Gjkgtlpgjk dblifav

@apadpjv Lddahavlpjv

Gi~qvgpgat sgpbgk l tli~ha dlk fa t~jppa` jk l iltt t~adpvqi lt gjkt sgpb ilttat pblp kagpbav djvvat~jk` sgpb pba ijhadqhlv iltt je pba dji~jqk` gptahe( kjv sgpb pba evlciakpt sbgdb pba dji~jqk` dlk ~jpakpglhhw fvalo gk pj+ Lklhwtgt fw kqdhalv ilckapgd vatjklkda t~adpvjtdj~w tbjqh` ~vjug`a tgighlvhw qtaeqh gkejvilpgjk lfjqp ijhadqhlv tpvqdpqva fw tbjsgkc pba vahlpgua lfqk`lkda je ~vjpjkt ~vatakp gk `geeavakp ‒akugvjkiakpt‗ ^lca <0 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

sgpbgk pba tli~ha( bjsauav pbata t~adpvl lva lhtj l hjp ijva dji~hgdlpa` lk` `geegdqhp pj gkpav~vap pblk pbjta evji tjia je pba jpbav lklhwpgdlh iapbj`t G dbjta+

Vgto lttattiakp Ijtp je pba dbaigdlht lk` tplcat gk iw ~vjda`qva va|qgva` tpvgdp tleapw ~vadlqpgjkt? pbavaejva G qk`avpjjo pba akpgva twkpbatgt qtgkc l eqia dq~fjlv` sbghtp salvgkc ~vjpadpgua t~adpldhat( `gt~jtlfha chjuat lk` l hlf djlp+ Pba arda~pgjkt pj pbgt sava pba vadvwtplhhgtlpgjk lk` eghpvlpgjk tplcat( sbgdb djqh` fa tleahw ~avejvia` jqptg`a je pba eqia dq~fjlv` "pbjqcb tpghh sgpb ~vjpadpgua dhjpbgkc'+ Pba valdpgjk igrpqva lk` eghpvlpa djqh` fa tleahw `gt~jta` je fw ehqtbgkc `jsk l tgko jkda tqgplfhw `ghqpa` sgpb ~hakpw je slpav+ Dlva bl` pj fa ploak sbak balpgkc qtgkc pba Fqktak fqvkav pblp G `g` kjp fqvk iwtahe sgpb agpbav ehlia je  pba fqvkav gptahe jv pba bjp hg|qg`+ Pba fqvkav slt kjp haep qklppak`a` sbak gk qta lk` tsgpdba` pj l tleapw ehlia sbak kjp gk qta+ G dbjta tplfha pvg~j`t pblp tq~~jvpa` faloavt sahh pj va`qda pba vgto je pbai fagkc pg~~a` jv okjdoa` jee lk` ~jpakpglh tdlh`gkc evji pba fjghgkc hg|qg`t+ Pba bl}lv`t ~jta` fw pba dbaigdlht G qta` lva tqiilvgta` gk pba plfha fahjs

"63'

+

Dbaigdlh=

Bl}lv`t=

Vatqhpgkc `lkcav=

lkbw`vjqt tj`gqi dlvfjklpa

Gvvgplkp+ Blvieqh+

Togk gvvgplpgjk lk` fqvkt+

tqhelkghgd ldg` ijkjbw`vlpa

Gvvgplkp+ Blvieqh+

Vat~gvlpjvw gvvgplpgjk evji gkblhlpgjk je egka `qtp+

tj`gqi kgpvgpa

Gvvgplkp+ Pjrgd+ Jrg`gtgkc+

Awa lk` togk gvvgplpgjk+

djkd+ ldapgd ldg`

Djvvjtgua+ Blvieqh+

Togk fqvkt+

djkd+ bw`vjdbhjvgd ldg`

Gvvgplkp+

Togk fqvkt+

`giapbwhlkghgka

Blvieqh+ Pjrgd+

Blvi evji gkcatpgjk+

6ijh`i tj`gqi bw`vjrg`a

Gvvgplkp+

Togk gvvgplpgjk+

iapbwh jvlkca

Blvieqh+

Blvi evji gkblhlpgjk je ~js`av jv gkcatpgjk je tjhqpgjk+

)4

Pba iapbwh jvlkca ~vj`qda` tplgka` dhjpbat lk` togk uavw altghw lk` slt `geegdqhp pj sltb jqp( tj gp bl` pj fa blk`ha` sgpb dlva sbghtp salvgkc chjuat+ Tjia tpq`gat blua lhtj tqccatpa` pblp tjia l}j dji~jqk`t "4'

"gkdhq`gkc iapbwh jvlkca' ilw fa dlvdgkjcakgd ? pbavaejva G pvga` pj lujg` togk djkpldp jv gkblhlpgjk je lkw egka `qtp evji pba ~jsav+

Tli~hat ejv lklhwtgt G ~avejvia` pba twkpbatgt je iapbwh jvlkca l pjplh je 1 pgiat( bjsauav tjia je pbata sava hatt tqddatteqh pblk jpbavt lk` G `adg`a` pj dbjjta psj tli~hat "lt sahh l vaeavakda ~qva tli~ha je iapbwh jvlkca' pj qta gk iw lklhwtgt+ Gk j v`av pj iloa pbai altgav pj g`akpgew( G klia` pbai lt tj=

^lca <1 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Egc 44+ Lklhwtgt 44+ Lklhwtgt tli~hat

Tli~ha <( ^vjug`a` vaeavakda tli~ha Tli~ha 6( Fvjsk)djhjqv tli~ha evji egvtp twkpbatgt "egcqva <0' Tli~ha 4( Jvlkca)djhjqv tli~ha evji ejqvpb twkpbatgt "egcqva <5' ^avdakplca wgah` Pba ~jpakpglh wgah` je pba twkpbatgt slt 3+15c( lt dlhdqhlpa` alvhgav gk iw gkuatpgclpgjk+ ^avdakplca wgah` gt `aegka` lt pba ~avdakplca je pba pjplh ~jttgfha wgah` ~jttgfha ejv l valdpgjk*twkpbatgt lk` gt dlhdqhlpa` qtgkc pba a|qlpgjk fahjs+ Egc 40+ @aegkgpgjk je ~avdakplca wgah` 

   

   

  

Tli~ha 6 bl` l iltt je 1+51c( cgugkc pblp twkpbatgt l ~avdakplca wgah` je l~~vjrgilpahw 31! "egcqva 41' sbgdb G ejqk` qk`avtplk`lfha `qa pj l kqifav je valtjkt+ Egvtphw pbgt djqh` fa fadlqta je pba valdplkpt lk` ~vj`qdp G gkl`uavpakphw hjtp sbak pvlkteavvgkc fapsaak uattaht( apd( `qa pj fagkc qkelighglv sgpb pba ~vjdatt? ejv arli~ha( `qvgkc pbgt twkpbatgt G lppai~pa` pj tdvl~a pba sap iapbwh jvlkca jee pba eghpav ~l~av jk pj l slpdb chltt pj `vw( vlpbav pblk `vwgkc pba eghpav ~l~av pbak ~aahgkc jee pba hlwav je `vw iapbwh jvlkca "lt G `g` sgpb pba hlpav vqkt'+ L``gpgjklhhw pbava slt pba ~jttgfghgpw je lk gkdji~hapa valdpgjk `qa pj ia gkgpglhhw qtgkc lk gktqeegdgakp lijqkp je `giapbwhlkghgka "sbgdb G hlpav gkdvalta` pj djvvadp pbgt' lk`*jv l``gkc pba tj`gqi bw`vjrg`a pjj |qgdohw "fvgkcgkc tjia je pba `giapbwhlkghgka jqp je tjhqpgjk pjj eltp faejva gp djqh` qk`avcj l}j djq~hgkc lk` va`qdgkc pba lijqkp je iapbwh jvlkca ~vj`qda`'+ Egc 41+ ^avdakplca wgah` ejv tli~ha 6  

   

      Tli~ha 4 slt lk gi~vjuaiakp( bjsauav gp sagcba` 2+>1c? ijva pblk pba pbajvapgdlh ilrgiqi wgah` je pba twkpbatgt+ Pbgt ialkp gp bl` lk gi~jttgfhw lpplgklfha wgah` je <>5+0! "egcqva 45'+ G bw~jpbatgta` pblp pbgt slt ~vjflfhw `qa pj vatg`qlh ijgtpqva gk pba ~jsav jv gi~qvgpgat? ardatt valdplkpt jv qkslkpa` fw) ~vj`qdpt pblp bl` ejvia` ~vadg~gplpa tlhpt lk` faak eghpava` lk` `vga` lhjkc sgpb pba iapbwh jvlkca+ Egc 45+ ^jpakpglh wgah` ejv tli~ha 4  

   

      Lkjpbav tli~ha pblp G `g` kjp gkdhq`a gk iw lklhwtgt vadjv`a` l ~avdakplca wgah` je <44!( sbgdb slt lhijtp davplgkhw `qa pj pba ~jsav kjp fagkc dji~hapahw `vw? G `vga` gp gk l hjs)balp juak juav pba djqvta je  ^lca <5 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

 mqtp lk bjqv( lt j~~jta` pj lp haltp 60 bjqvt ejv pba jpbav tli~hat+ G ejqk` vadjv` je l tgighlv dlhdqhlpa` "<'

wgah` gk kjpat lfjqp pba twkpbatgt ~qfhgtba` j khgka + ^avdakplca wgah` jkhw pjh` ia pba pjplh `vw ~vj`qdp G jfplgka` evji pba twkpbatgt( kjp jee je sbgdb slt kadattlvghw iapbwh jvlkca+ Gk jv`av pj clgk lk g`al je pba ~qvgpw je pba tli~hat G kaa`a` pj hjjo eqvpbav lp pbagv dji~jtgpgjk qtgkc pba ulvgapw je lklhwpgdlh padbkg|qat G vatalvdba` lk` `atdvgfa` alvhgav gk iw gkuatpgclpgjk+

Vaehadplkda t~adpvjtdj~w Pj pba awa( pba vaeavakda tli~ha je iapbwh jvlkca "tli~ha <' slt |qgpa l ‒`aa~ jvlkca‗ — sgpb l ugtgfhw ‒va``gtb‗ pgkp pj pba djhjqv "taa egcqva 43' ) lt j~~jta` pj pba jvlkca djhjqv G bl` ar~adpa` evji ~qva

iapbwh jvlkca+ Pbgt slt tgckgega` gk gpt vaehadplkda t~adpvqi "egcqva 42 fw l tpvjkc ~alo gk pba bgcbav sluahakcpbt tplvpgkc lvjqk` pba va` vacgjk lp 5<>ki lk` tpvapdbgkc jk gkpj pba gkevl)va` vacgjk+ Egc 43+ Djhjqv je tli~ha <

Pbava slt iqdb hatt vaehadplkda gk pba wahhjs*jvlkca vacgjk evji 13>)5<>ki( sbava G sjqh` blua ar~adpa` pj taa vaehadplkda ejv l ijva jvlkca)djhjqva` tli~ha+ Pbgt sjqh` fa iw vaeavakda lclgktp sbgdb G sjqh` dji~lva pba vaehadplkda t~adpvl j e iw jpbav tli~hat+ Egc 42+ Vaehadplkda Vaehadplkda t~adpvqi ejv tli~ha <

Pba t~adpvqi ejv tli~ha 6 "egcqva 47' arbgfgpa` l kjpgdalfhw tilhhav ~alo gk pba 12>)51>ki vacgjk djifgka` sgpb l hjp ijva vaehadplkda ldvjtt ~lvpt je pba ugtgfha t~adpvqi sbgdb sava kjp ~vatakp gk pba t~adpvqi ejv tli~ha <+ Pbgt pga` gk sgpb pba fvjsk( iq``w djhjqv je pba ~js`av lk` slt hgoahw `qa pj gi~qvgpgat gk pba tli~ha sgpb `geeavakp djhjqv)lftjvfgkc dblvld pavgtpgdt pj iapbwh jvlkca+ Lt vaeavva` pj gk egcqva 60( l``gkc tj`gqi bw`vjrg`a pjj eltp `qvgkc pblp ~lvpgdqhlv tpa~ gk pba twkpbatgt dlk dlqta `giapbwhlkghgka pj djia jqp je tjhqpgjk lk` ejvi `lvo)djhjqva` tlhpt sbgdb djkpligklpa pba ~vj`qda` tli~ha+ Pbgt gt l ~jpakpglh tjqvda je `gtdjhjqvlpgjk gk tli~ha 6( pbjqcb G djqh` kjp vahw jk pba djhjqv je pba tli~ha lt lk lftjhqpa gk`gdlpgjk je ~qvgpw+ ^lca <3 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Egc 47+ Vaehadplkda Vaehadplkda t~adpvqi ejv tli~ha 6

Tli~ha 4 `aijktpvlpa` l tgighlv vaehadplkda t~adpvqi pj tli~ha < fqp sgpb l fgp ijva ~vjigkakda lvjqk` pba wahhjs*jvlkca 5>>ki vacgjk sbgdb p gat gk sgpb pba tli~ha‗t fvgcbp jvlkca djhjqv+ Pba ~alo gkpaktgpw "je mqtp juav 1 lvfgpvlvw pvlktigpplkda qkgpt' slt thgcbphw hjsav pblk pblp je tli~ha <( fqp pba ~alo slt thgcbphw fvjl`av lk` akdji~ltta` ijva je pba ug tgfha vacgjk je pba t~adpvqi+ Egc 0>+ Vaehadplkda Vaehadplkda t~adpvqi ejv tli~ha 4

Juavlhh( pbata t~adpvl tbjsa` pblp tli~ha 4 bl` pba ijtp tgighlv hgcbp vaehadplkda dblvldpavgtpgdt pj pba vaeavakda tli~ha lk` tj slt ~jttgfhw ijva dji~lvlfha gk pavit je dji~jtgpgjk lk` ~qvgpw+ Pba tilhhav gkpaktgpw je pba ilgk ~alo gk tli~ha 6( djifgka` sgpb pba vaehadplkda je sluahakcpbt pblp sava tpvjkchw lftjvfa` fw tli~hat < lk` 4( tqccatpa` pblp tli~ha 6 ilw blua djkplgka` l kjpasjvpbw lijqkp je  gi~qvgpgat+

Gkevlva` t~adpvjtdj~w Egcqva 06 tbjst tli~ha 4 qk`avcjgkc gkevlva` t~adpvjtdj~w+ G bl` pj va~alp pba lklhwtgt je iw tli~ha tauavlh pgiat faejva G slt bl~~w sgpb iw t~adpvl lt G akdjqkpava` ~vjfhait sgpb djkpligklpgjk je pba fldocvjqk` dlhgfvlpgjk je pba t~adpvjiapav  — tjia vatg`qlh tli~ha slt haep jk pba ~hlpa `at~gpa dlvaeqh dhalkgkc( sbgdb vatqhpa` gk gp fagkc ialtqva` `qvgkc dlhgfvlpgjk lk` pbak tqfpvldpa` evji pba ialtqvaiakp t~adpvl+ Q~jk juavhlwgkc iw cvl~bt "taa egcqva 0<' G gktplkphw kjpgda` tjia ~jpakpglhhw gkpavatpgkc tgighlvgpgat lk` `geeavakdat fapsaak pba pbvaa tli~hat+ )<

Tli~hat < lk` 4 fjpb bl` |qgpa fvjl` ~alot lvjqk` 41>> di ( pbjqcb pbgt ~alo slt hlvcav gk tli~ha <+ )<

Pbata psj tli~hat lhtj tblva` l uavw tgighlv ~lppavk je ~alot lvjqk` 62>> lk` 67>> di + Sbghtp tli~ha 6 )<

`g` kjp arbgfgp pbata tlia ~alot( gp `g` tblva tjia tgighlvgpgat sgpb tli~ha < lvjqk` 641> di ? pbata ~alot sava kjp ~vatakp ejv tli~ha 4+ ^lca <2 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Egc 0<+ Juavhlg` gkevlva` t~adpvl <>> 7> 2> 3> 5>

    '    !     "    a    d    k    l    p    p    g    i    t    k    l    v    P

1> 0> 4> 0>>>

41>>

4>>>

61>>

6>>>

<1>>

<>>>

1>>

Sluakqifav "di)<' Tli~ha <

Tli~ha 6

Tli~ha 4

Kalvgkc pba egkcav~vgkp vacgjk pbava sava tjia ijva altghw kjpgdalfha `geeavakdat sbgdb G pbjqcbp igcbp ~vjua gkpavatpgkc+ Tli~hat < lk` 4 ~vatakpa` tpvjkc ~alot lp <5>> di

)<

sbavalt tli~ha 6 `g` kjp+

Hgoasgta( pbata psj tli~hat tblva` dji~lvlfha tpvjkc lk` `gtpgkdp ~alot eqvpbav lhjkc pba t~adpvqi )<

)<

)<

)<

lvjqk` <41> di ( <<>> di ( 2>> di lk` 3>> di sbgdb sava kjp ~vatakp "jv lp haltp kjp pj tqdb l `acvaa je tpvakcpb' gk tli~ha 6+ Egc 06+ Tli~ha qk`avcjgkc gkevlva` t~adpvjtdj~w 

G faclk pvwgkc pj g`akpgew pba fjk`t va~vatakpa` fw pbata ~alot qtgkc l djvvahlpgjk plfha+ Tjia sava vahlpguahw altw ejv ia pj g`akpgew sgpb l valtjklfha hauah je djkeg`akda( sbghtp jpbavt G djqh` jkhw t~adqhlpa lfjqp sblp fjk`t pbaw djqh` tgckgew+ Qkejvpqklpahw G djqh` kjp ar~adp pj egk` l ~alot ejv K9K `jqfha fjk`t jk pba t~adpvl "sbgdb sjqh` gk`gdlpa pba arpakp je l}j djq~hgkc( lt pbata fjk`t lva jkhw ~vatakp gk pba ~vj`qdp lk` kjp pba valdplkp' lt gp gt l twiiapvgdlh fjk` sbgdb lva kjp ‒G ldpgua‗+ Eqvpbavijva( jpbav pblk K9K pbava lva kj jpbav fjk`t jkhw ejqk` jkhw gk iapbwh jvlkca lk` kjp gk pba valdplkpt+ ^lca <7 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Egvtphw sava pba ~alot ~vatakp lp <5>> di

)<

gk fjpb tli~hat < lk` 4 sbgdb G fahgaua` va~vatakpa` D9D

fjk`t gk pba lvjilpgd vgkct sgpbgk pba iapbwh jvlkca+ L vataifhlkda je pbgt ~alo slt lhtj ~vatakp gk tli~ha 6( lhfagp l iqdb saloav+ Egc 04+ Gkevlva` t~adpvqi ejv tli~ha < <>>

7>

2>

3>

5>

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Sluakqifav "di)<'

Pba tilhh ~alot fapsaak 62>> lk` 67>> di

)<

sava hgoahw pj fa pba D)B fjk`t gk pba iapbwh cvjq~t

lppldba` pj jka ak` je pba iapbwh jvlkca ijhadqha+ Pbava sava lhtj ~alot gk pba egkcav~vgkp vacgjk )<

fapsaak <4>> lk` <1>> di pblp ~vjflfhw vahlpa` pj D)B fjk`t+ Lt pba sluakqifavt je pba bgcbav ~alot sava dhjta pj `jqfha pblp je pba hjsav jkat( gp gt ~jttgfha pblp pba bgcbav ~alot sava blvijkgdt "`qa pj ugfvlpgjk je pba fjk`t' je pba hjsav jkat  — pba tgighlv ~lppavk je tauavlh ~alot tq~~jvpt pbgt g`al+ Pba ~alot fapsaak 2>> lk` 25> di

)<

sava gkpavatpgkc lt pbaw ~jpakpglhhw va~vatakpa` D)B gk ~lvl)

`gtqftpgpqpa` fak}aka vgkct "je sbgdb pbava lva psj gk aldb ijhadqha je iapbwh jvlkca'+ @gtqftpgpqpa` vaeavt pj pbava fagkc psj cvjq~t lppldba` pj pba fak}aka vgkct( lk` ‒~lvl‗ `akjpat pbagv ~jtgpgjkt j~~jtgpa aldb jpbav jk pba vgkc "taa egcqva 00'+ Egc 00+ Tqftpgpqpgjk ~jtgpgjk kjiakdhlpqva

"62'

^lca 6> je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Pbata ~alot sava ~vatakp gk lhh pbvaa tli~hat( lhpbjqcb hgoa faejva pbaw sava iqdb tpvjkcav gk fjpb tli~hat < lk` 4 pblk gk tli~ha 6+ Egc 01+ Gkevlva` t~adpvqi ejv tli~ha 6 <>>

7>

2>

3>

5>

    '    !     "    a    d    k    l    p    p    g    i    t    k    l    v    P

1>

0>

4> 0>>>

41>>

4>>>

61>>

6>>>

<1>>

<>>>

1>>

Sluakqifav "di)<'

Tqhelkghgd ldg` gt djkplgkt l ~lvl)`gtqftpgpqpa` fak}aka vgkc( lk` tj lkw qkvaldpa` tqhelkghgd ldg` djqh` lhtj blua djkpvgfqpa` pj pba tpvakcpb je pbgt ~alo+ Jk pba jpbav blk`( `giapbwhlkghgka djkplgkt l ijkjtqftpgpqpa` fak}aka vgkc  — jka sgpb jkhw jka jpbav cvjq~ lppldba` pj gp "gk ~hlda je l bw`vjcak( bakda ‒tqftpgpqpgjk‗'+ Lkw qkvaldpa` `giapbwhlkghgka djqh` blua ejvia` tlhp gi~qvgpgat gk pba tli~ha( lk`

pbavaejva djqh` ~jttgfhw fa ejqk` jk pba gkevlva` t~adpvl ge ~vatakp+ Egc 05+ @giapbwhlkghgka( l ijkjtqftpgpqpa` lvjilpgd dji~jqk` 

)<

Ijkjtqftpgpqpa` fak}aka vgkct ~vj`qda l ~alo kalv 3>> di + Gkpavatpgkchw pbava gt l ~alo ~vatakp lp pbgt sluakqifav gk lhh pbvaa tli~hat( pbjqcb lt gp gt gk pba egkcav~vgkp vacgjk gp gt `geegdqhp pj tlw ejv davplgk lk` djqh` fa ejv jka je tauavlh `geeavakp fjk`t? pbgt vacgjk je lk gkevlva` t~adpvqi gt qtqlhhw |qgpa dji~hgdlpa` lk` vadjckgtgkc gk`gug`qlh ~alot dlk fa `geegdqhp+ Lhpbjqcb tjia je pba ~alot gk pba egkcav~vgkp vacgjk djqh` va~vatakp l kqifav je `geeavakp fjk`t( G dlk dlqpgjqthw tqccatp pba g`akpgpgat je tjia? pba ~alo lvjqk` <41> di )<

)<

djqh` gk`gdlpa pba T9J fjk`t( sbghtp

pba ~alot lvjqk` <>>> di ~vjflfhw va~vatakpa` pba D)K fjk`t sgpbgk pba ijhadqhat+

^lca 6< je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Egc 03+ Gkevlva` t~adpvqi ejv tli~ha 4 <>>

7>

2>

3>

5>

    '    !     "    a    d    k    l    p    p    g    i    t    k    l    v    P

1>

0>

4> 0>>>

41>>

4>>>

61>>

6>>>

<1>>

<>>>

1>>

Sluakqifav "di)<'

Hltphw slt pba fvjl` ~alo lk` ij`avlpahw tpvjkc ~alo lvjqk` 41>> di

)<

pblp slt ~vatakp gk fjpb tli~hat

< lk` 4+ Pbgt ~alo gt qtqlhhw dblvldpavgtpgd je J )B fjk`t( fqp pbava tbjqh` blua faak kj tqdb fjk`t ~vatakp gk pba iapbwh jvlkca+ Lt pbgt ~alo slt ~vatakp gk pba vaeavakda tli~ha( pba ~jttgfghgpw je gp fagkc `qa pj qkvaldpa` tqhelkghgd ldg` gk pba tli~ha slt vqha` jqp "pblp gt( lttqigkc pba gk`qtpvglhhw ~vj`qda` vaeavakda tli~ha slt je l bgcb hauah je ~qvgpw'+ G bw~jpbatgta` pblp gp djqh` blua faak tjia je pba lhdjbjh G qta` pj dhalk pba tli~ha ~hlpa fapsaak ialtqvaiakpt pblp bl` kjp aul~jvlpa` faejva G l``a` pba karp tli~ha? bjsauav G pbak ejqk` lk gkevlva` t~adpvqi ejv ~qva iapbwh jvlkca ~qfhgtba` gk l `jdqiakp jkhgka pblp lhtj ~jttatta` pbgt ~alo( tqccatpgkc gp djqh` fa l ~alo pblp djqh` fa ar~adpa` evji iapbwh jvlkca+ Egc 02+ L ~qfhgtba`  ~qfhgtba` ggkevlva` t~adpvqi ejv iapbwh jvlkca

"67'

^lca 66 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

G pbak vaiaifava` pblp( lhpbjqcb pvqa iapbwh jvlkca djkplgkt l tj`gqi gjk fjk`a` pj pba kaclpgua jrwcak lpji "taa egcqva <'( lkjpbav ejvi je gp dlk blua l bw`vjcak lpji fjk`a` gk gpt ~hlda "ejvigkc l bw`vjrwh cvjq~ jk pba ak` je pba ijhadqha' sbgdb sjqh` lddjqkp ejv pba J)B fjk` ejqk` jk pba t~adpvl+ Egc 07+ L 07+ L ~jttgfha lhpavklpa ejvi je iapbwh jvlkca ealpqvgkc lk J)B fjk` 

Pba tpvqdpqva je pbgt ~lvp je pba ijhadqha gk pbgt ejvi adbjat pba tpvqdpqva je tqhelkghgd ldg` faejva pba `a~vjpjklpgjk tplca gk pba twkpbatgt va|qgva` pj iloa gp slpav)tjhqfha+ G fahgaua` pblp pba tjhqfghgpw slt `qa pj pba lfghgpw je pba kaclpgua jrwcak lpji pj ejvi bw`vjcak fjk`t sgpb slpav ijhadqhat "sbghtp pba tj`gqi gjkt sjqh` vailgk gk tjhqpgjk'+ G `ahgfavlpa` pblp( jkda pba l}j djq~hgkc slt dji~hapa( gp sjqh` fa ~hlqtgfha ejv pbgt pj fa vauavta` lk` ejv pba jrwcak pj fadjia ~vjpjklpa` lclgk "pbjqcb vak`avgkc pba iapbwh jvlkca gktjhqfha gk pba ~vjdatt'+ Ge  )<

pbgt ejvi je iapbwh jvlkca slt ~vatakp gk iw tli~hat( gp sjqh` ar~hlgk pba ~alo lp 41>> di + Pbjqcb G djqh` kjp clgk l hlvca lijqkp je `adgtgua gkejvilpgjk lfjqp pba ~qvgpw je pba tli~hat evji pbata vatqhpt( gp slt elgvhw dhalv evji pba juavhlg` t~adpvl pblp tli~ha 4 ilpdba` pba vaeavakda tli~ha "tli~ha <' iqdb ijva dhjtahw pblk tli~ha 6 `g`+ G qta` l kqifav je djvvahlpgjk plfhat pj g`akpgew pba fjk`t

"4>' "4<' "60'

+

Iltt t~adpvjiapvw Gk pba iltt t~adpvl ejv iw tli~hat G ar~adpa` pj taa ~alot lvjqk` 463 jk pba r)lrgt pj va~vatakp pba ijhadqhlv gjkt ~vatakp( lt sahh lt tjia hjsav ~alot pj tbjs lkw evlciakplpgjk je pba ijhadqha jv gi~qvgpgat gk pba tli~ha? pbata igcbp gkdhq`a tlhpt ejvia` evji ardatt*qkdjq~ha` valdplkpt+ Pba ar~adpa` ~vj~jvpgjkt je ijhadqhlv gjkt "`qa pj pba lfqk`lkda je `geeavakp lpjigd gtjpj~at' lva tbjsk gk egcqva 1>+ Egc 1>+ Pbajvapgdlh vahlpgua lfqk`lkda je `geeavakp ijhadqhlv gjkt je iapbwh jvlkca

"46'

<>> 7>     '    !     "    a    d    k    l     `    k    q     f    l    a    u    g    p    l     h    a    V

2> 3> 5> 1> 0> 4> 6> <> > 46 3

46 2

467

44 >

i*}

^lca 64 je 46

44 <

44 6

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Bjsauav( pba vatqhpt G vadagua` fldo evji Tjqpbli~pjk Qkguavtgpw sava elv evji sblp G bl` lkpgdg~lpa`+ Ejv lhh pbvaa tli~hat pba i*} r)lrgt tdlha vlk q~ pj <<1> sgpb ilkw ~alot ejv ulvgjqt gjkt hlvcav pblk iapbwh jvlkca pblp G `g` kjp ar~adp pj taa gk iw tli~hat+ Pbata bgcb ~alot "lk` pba t~adpvl juavlhh' sava uavw tgighlv ejv lhh pbvaa tli~hat ) gkdhq`gkc pba vaeavakda tli~ha  — lk` tj sava kjp tgi~hw qkqtqlhhw hlvca gi~qvgpgat gk iw tli~hat+ Pba bagcbp je pba I/ ~alo lp 462 ulvga` thgcbphw fapsaak tli~hat "tli~hat < lk` 4 fagkc vjqcbhw tgighlv( sbghtp tli~ha 6 blugkc l thgcbphw tilhhav ~alo'( fqp jpbav pblk pblp pba t~adpvl sava ijva jv hatt pba tlia ejv lhh pba tli~hat+ Pba gjk lvjqk` 4>5 djqh` vahlpa pj pba ejvi je iapbwh jvlkca iakpgjka` alvhgav sbava pba tj`gqi gjk gt va~hlda` sgpb lkjpbav bw`vjcak lpji+ Pba lpjigd iltt je tj`gqi gt vjqcbhw 64 "sbghtp bw`vjcak gt <'( tj pba `geeavakda je 66 fapsaak 462+< lk` 4>5+< sjqh` tq~~jvp pbgt pbajvw+ Jk pba jpbav blk`( gkevlva` t~adpvqi ejv tli~ha 6 `g` kjp tqccatp pba ~vatakda je pbgt ejvi je iapbwh jvlkca "pbvjqcb pba hldo je l fvjl` ~alo ejv J)B fjk`t'( wap pba gjk gt tpghh ~vatakp jk gpt iltt t~adpvqi+ Egc 1<+ Iltt t~adpvqi ejv tli~ha t li~ha 6

Juavlhh G ejqk` pbata vatqhpt kjp pj fa uavw qtaeqh lk` G `adg`a` kjp pj ~qp l hjp je ai~bltgt jk pba iltt t~adpvl lt ~lvp je iw lklhwtgt? G jkhw gkdhq`a` jka t~adpvqi gk iw gkuatpgclpgjk "taa egcqva 1<' lt lk arli~ha+ G djkdhq`a` pblp pbata vatqhpt tqccatpa` pblp tli~hat < lk` 4 djkplgka` thgcbphw ijva iapbwh jvlkca pblk tli~ha 6( fqp djqh` d jqh` kjp fa qta` pj djkeg`akphw g`akpgew lkw evlciakplpgjk jv gi~qvgpgat+

^lca 60 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

~Ol Pba cvl~b gk egcqva 16 tbjst pba dblvldpavgtpgd ~B dblkcat jftavua` sbak l``gkc l salo flta pj l tpvjkc ldg`  — pbgt gt l ~B pgpvlpgjk dqvua+ Pbgt gt pba ogk` je pgpvlpgjk ejv sbgdb iapbwh jvlkca igcbp fa qta` lt lk gk`gdlpjv( lt pba vlkca je iapbwh jvlkca hgat dhjta pj pba a|qgulhakda ~jgkp je pba pgpvlpgjk+ 4

Egc 16+ Pgpvlpgjk je l salo flta ">+6I Liijkgl' lclgktp l tpvjkc ldg` "61 di >+6I Bw`vjdbhjvgd Ldg`' <> 7 2 3 a|qgulhakda ~jgkp

5    B 1    ~

~Ol

0

ialtqva` vlkca je djhjqv dblkca

4 6 < > >+>

1+>

<>+>

<1+>

6>+>

61+>

Ujhqia je >+6I Liijkgl l``a`

4>+>

41+>

0>+>

"di 4'

G djqh` qta pbgt pgpvlpgjk pj egk` pba ~O l je iw iapbwh jvlkca tli~hat pj dbado pblp pbaw eqkdpgjka` lp pba tlia ~B lt ~qva iapbwh jvlkca+ Fw l``gkc pba flta `vj~)sgta sbak kalvgkc pba a|qgulhakda ~jgkp( G djqh` kjpa pba arldp ~B lp sbgdb pba djhjqv dblkca je pba iapbwh jvlkca faclk lk` ak`a`( lk` arldphw blheslw fapsaak pbata sjqh` fa pba ~O l je pba gk`gdlpjv+ Egc 14+ ~B 14+ ~B iapav qta` gk pgpvlpgjk

^lca 61 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

G qta` l ~B iapav pj ialtqva pba ~B lk` l ilckapgd tpgvvav pj djkpgkqjqthw igr pba tjhqpgjk tj pblp G djqh` djkdakpvlpa jk j~avlpgkc pba fqvappa lk` l`` pba liijkgl tjhqpgjk uavw dlvaeqhhw? sbghtp pba ~B `g` 4

l~~alv pj fa dblkcgkc iqdb G pjjo val`gkct auavw )<0 ~B pj pba kalvatp >+><+ Pbgt pgpvlpgjk sltk‗p ~avejvia` pj pba cvalpatp `acvaa je lddqvldw? pbjqcb pba ~B dqvua G jfplgka` evji gp slt dhjta pj sblp G slt ar~adpgkc lk` cjj` lt l vaeavakda ~jgkp ejv ~hjppgkc pba vlkca je iapbwh jvlkca jk "taa egcqva 16'( pbgt slt tadjk`lvw pj pba ilgk ~qv~jta je pba pgpvlpgjk sbgdb slt pj kjpa pba ~B lp sbgdb pba djhjqv dblkcat jddqvva`+ G ejqk` pblp fjpb iw iapbwh jvlkca tli~hat qk`avsakp pbagv djhjqv dblkcat lp ~vldpgdlhhw pba arldp ~B pblp slt ar~adpa`( pbqt tbjsgkc pblp pbaw sava eqkdpgjkgkc lt lk gk`gdlpjv lt sahh lt lkw djiiavdglhhw lulghlfha ~vj`qdp+ Fjpb iw tli~hat faclk pj dblkca djhjqv lp ~B 4+4 lk` egkgtba` pba dblkca lp ~B 0+<( pbqt pbaw bl` l ~O l je 4+3 "pba arldp ig`)~jgkp je pba dblkca'+ Pbjqcb pba parpfjjo ulhqat tplpa` pblp pba djhjqv dblkca ejv iapbwh jvlkca vlkcat fapsaak ~B 4+< lk` 0+4( pba ig`~jgkp je pbata vlkcat "ialtqva` lk` vaeavakda' gt pba tlia lk` pbgt `geeavakda ilw blua faak `qa pj pba `geegdqhpw je mq`cgkc pba hgigpt je pba djhjqv dblkca sgpb pba kloa` awa  — pba tplvp je pba djhjqv dblkca lp ~B 4+< ilw blua faak pjj thgcbp pj kjpgda( lt sjqh` pba ak` je pba djhjqv dblkca+

Kqdhalv Ilckapgd Vatjklkda T~adpvjtdj~w Egc 10+ KIV t~adpvqi ejv tli~ha <

^lca 65 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Pba KIV t~adpvl sava ~lvpgdqhlvhw `geegdqhp pj gkpav~vap+ Pba hjdlpgjk je l ~alo jk pba r)lrgt  — pba dbaigdlh tbgep  — va~vatakpt pba ‒akugvjkiakp‗ gk sbgdb pbjta ~vjpjkt argtp lk` pba bagcbpt je pba gkpacvlpgjk pvldat vahlpa pj pba vahlpgua kqifav je ~vjpjkt gk aldb akugvjkiakp+ Pba dbaigdlh tbgep je l ~vjpjk gt `apavigka` fw l dji~hgdlpa` vlkca je eldpjvt? pba tpvqdpqva je tqvvjqk`gkc cvjq~t lt sahh lt pba cvjq~ gp gt ~lvp j e+ Egc 11+ KIV t~adpvqi ejv tli~ha 6

Egcqvat 10 lk` 11 tbjs KIV t~adpvl ejv psj je iw tli~hat+ G pbjqcbp pblp pba hlvca ~alo dhjta pj 4+1~~i va~vatakpt pba ~vjpjkt gk pba slpav pblp pba iapbwh jvlkca sjqh` blua faak `gttjhua` `qvgkc lklhwtgt+ Egc 15+ ^qfhgtba` tadpgjk je KIV t~adpvqi ejv iapbwh jvlkca

^lca 63 je 46

"44'

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Pbava lva psj ilgk akugvjkiakpt pblp pba ~vjpjkt gk iapbwh jvlkca argtp gk? pba bw`vjcak lpjit gk pba psj lvjilpgd vgkct( lk` pba psj iapbwh cvjq~t lppldba` pj jka ak` je pba ijhadqha+ Lddjv`gkc pj tjia plfhat je djiijk dbaigdlh tbgept

"40' "41'

( pba psj ~alot dhjta pj 2~~i gk fjpb t~adpvl sava ~vjflfhw vahlpa`

pj bw`vjcak lpjit gk pba lvjilpgd vgkct gk iapbwh jvlkca+ G slt kjp lfha pj g`akpgew pba akugvjkiakp va~vatakpa` fw pba tadjk` ~alo kalv 3~~i+ G ejqk` ~lvp je l KIV t~adpvqi ejv iapbwh jvlkca ~qfhgtba` jk pba saftgpa je pba ilkqeldpqvav je tjia t~adpvjtdj~w a|qg~iakp

"44'

+ Pbgt t~adpvqi jkhw djktgtpa` je ilvot "sbgdb G lttqia` va~vatakpa` pba pj~

je ~alot jk pba t~adpvqi'( bjsauav pbata uavw dhjtahw ilpdba` pba ~alot ejqk` jk iw t~adpvl? psj ~alot dhjta pjcapbav lvjqk` 2~~i "sgpb pba vgcbp je pba psj ~alot blugkc l thgcbphw bgcbav gkpaktgpw pblk pba jpbav'( lk` l pbgv` ~alo lvjqk` 3~~i+ Bjsauav( pba vahlpgua bagcbpt je pba ~alot sava `geeavakp fapsaak iw t~adpvl lk` pba jka ejqk` jk pba gkpavkap? ejv iw tli~hat( pbava sava vjqcbhw pbvaa pgiat pba ~vjpjkt gk pba akugvjkiakp lvjqk` 2~~i pblk pbava sava lp 3~~i( bjsauav gk pba ~qfhgtba` t~adpvqi pbgt vahlpgjktbg~ l~~alva` pj fa vauavta`+ Pba ~alot pj pba vgcbp je pba slpav ~alo "lvjqk` 4~~i' ~jttgfhw va~vatakpa` pba DB

4

cvjq~t+ Gk pba

t~adpvqi gk egcqva 11( pba bagcbpt je pba gkpacvlpgjk pvldat ejv pba ~alot lp 2~~i lk` lp 4+6~~i lva vjqcbhw pba tlia( gi~hwgkc pba tlia kqifav j e ~vjpjkt gk fjpb akugvjkiakpt+ Pba psj `gtqftpgpqpa` fak}aka vgkct gk iapbwh jvlkca tbjqh` blua l pjplh je 2 bw`vjcak lpjit( sbghtp pba psj iapbwh cvjq~t djifgka` tbjqh` blua 5 bw`vjcak lpjit+ Ge pba tilhhav ~alo lp 3~~i  — sbgdb blt lk gkpacvlpgjk pvlda vjqcbhw ⅔ je pba bagcbp je pblp je gpt kagcbfjqvgkc ~alot  — lhtj va~vatakpa` ~vjpjkt gk pba fak}aka vgkct "gk l thgcbphw `geeavakp akugvjkiakp pj pba jpbavt'( pbgt sjqh` djvvahlpa uavw sahh sgpb pba ar~adpa` 0=4 vlpgj+

Djkdhqtgjk Gk djkdhqtgjk( G slt lfha pj djktgtpakphw twkpbatgta eqkdpgjklh iapbwh jvlkca `qvgkc iw gkuatpgclpgjk( pbjqcb sgpb qkdavplgk ulvglpgjkt gk ~qvgpw+ Pba aug`akda evji iw lklhwtgt tpvjkchw tqccatpa` pblp tli~ha 4 slt iqdb ijva ~qva lk` dhjtav gk dji~jtgpgjk pj iw vaeavakda tli~ha "tli~ha <' pblk tli~ha 6( bjsauav sgpbjqp eqvpbav lklhwtgt G djqh` kjp ~qp lkw |qlkpgplpgua ialtqva jk pbgt ~qvgpw+ Gvvat~adpgua je pbagv ~qvgpgat( lhh pba tli~hat G ~vj`qda` sava je tqeegdgakp tplk`lv` pj sjvo sahh lt lk gk`gdlpjv+ G slt lfha pj iloa tjia igkjv l`mqtpiakpt pj pba twkpbatgt ~vjda`qva `qvgkc pba djqvta je iw gkuatpgclpgjk sbgdb G fahgaua bah~a` pj gi~vjua iw ~vj`qdp? pbgt gt tq~~jvpa` fw iw lklhwtgt lt tli~ha 6 slt ~vj`qda` faejva G gkpvj`qda` tjia je pba gi~vjuaiakpt qta` pj ~vj`qda tli~ha 4( lk` tli~ha 4 taaia` iqdb ijva lhgoa pj pba vaeavakda tli~ha pblk tli~ha 6 + Egc 13+ Iw egklh tli~ha je iapbwh jvlkca

^lca 62 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Aulhqlpgjk Pba ~avdakplca qkdavplgkpw ejv tjia je iw ialtqvaiakpt djqh` fa dlhdqhlpa` qtgkc pba a|qlpgjk tbjsk gk egcqva 12

"45'

+ Pbgt sjqh` cgua l ijva altghw lttattlfha ialtqva je bjs iqdb pba qkdavplgkpw hgkoa` sgpb

aldb je pba gktpvqiakpt G qta` sjqh` blua leeadpa` pbagv lttjdglpa` ialtqvaiakpt+ Egc 12+ ^avdakplca qkdavplgkpw 

     

  

 

Pba pj~)~lk flhlkda G qta` ejv sagcbgkc jqp valdplkpt slt lddqvlpa pj pba kalvatp >+>+>>1c'+ Sgpb iw tilhhatp ialtqvaiakp il`a "sbava pbgt ~vadgtgjk avvjv sjqh` blua pba cvalpatp aeeadp'  — <++01!+ Egc 17+ ^avdakplca qkdavplgkpw ejv ialtqvaiakp je lkbw`vjqt tj`gqi dlvfjklpa

 

   

Ejv pba hlvcav ialtqvaiakpt il`a qtgkc pba tlia flhlkda( ejv arli~ha 0+>c je tqhelkghgd ldg`( pbgt qkdavplgkpw slt auak tilhhav "egcqva 5>'+ G fahgaua pbgt ilckgpq`a je avvjv sjqh` blua bl` l kachgcgfha aeeadp jk pba tqddatt je pba twkpbatgt+ Egc 5>+ ^avdakplca qkdavplgkpw ejv ialtqvaiakp je tqhelkghgd ldg` 

 

   

4

4

Pba fqvappa G qta` pj ialtqva pba 6+7di je `giapbwhlkghgka bl` lk lddqvldw je ¼>+>1di + Lhtj( lt G slt plogkc psj val`gkct gk jv`av pj ialtqva jqp pba va|qgva` ujhqia "jka lt l tplvpgkc pba ~jgkp( lk` pba jpbav pj egkgtb' pbak pbgt avvjv slt `jqfha`

"43'

+ Juavlhh pbgt ialtqvaiakp bl` l ~avdakplca qkdavplgkpw je 4+01!+

Egc 5<+ ^avdakplca qkdavplgkpw ejv fqvappa ialtqvaiakp je `giapbwhlkghgka

   

   

G `adg`a` pj dlhdqhlpa pba aeeadp pblp pbgt ogk` je avvjv djqh` blua jk iw twkpbatgt qtgkc bw~jpbapgdlh sjvtp) dlta tgpqlpgjkt? G dlhdqhlpa` bjs iqdb ardatt `giapbwhlkghgka sjqh` fa ~vatakp `qvgkc pba twkpbatgt lp pba q~~av hgigp je pbgt qkdavplgkpw sbgdb djqh` pbak djkpligklpa pba `vga` tli~ha+ Pba dlhdqhlpa` ardatt gt ejv ~qva `giapbwhlkghgka gk l hg|qg` tplpa( fqp pba iltt je tjhg` tlhp pblp djqh` fa ejvia` fw pbgt ujhqia je  `giapbwhlkghgka sjqh` fa elgvhw tgighlv  — pba avvjv evji pbgt ialtqvaiakp lhjka djqh` ~jpakpglhhw blua djkpvgfqpa` pj pba l``gpgjk je kalvhw >+
                   " '     " '      ^lca 67 je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Djkuavtahw pbgt ialtqvaiakp evji pba fqvappa djqh` blua dlqta` gktqeegdgakp `giapbwhlkghgka pj fa qta` gk pba twkpbatgt( vatqhpgkc gk qkdjq~ha` tqhelkghgd ldg` lk` l hjsav wgah` je iapbwh jvlkca+ G djqh` dlhdqhlpa bjs ilkw ijhat je qkvaldpa` tqhelkghgd ldg` sjqh` fa ~vatakp lp pba hjsav hgigp je pbgt qkdavplgkpw+ Fjpb pbgt dlhdqhlpgjk lk` pba ~vaugjqt jka sava flta` jk pba lttqi~pgjk pblp pba djvvadp iltt je tqhelkghgd ldg` slt qta` gk pba twkpbatgt+ Egc 54+ Dlhdqhlpgjk ejv ~jpakpglh `aegdgp je `giapbwhlkghgka

    

 "     ' 

        

                 Pba aeeadp je pbgt fqvappa avvjv( pbjqcb l iqdb hlvcav avvjv pblk pbjta taak sgpb pba iltt flhlkda( sjqh` tpghh blua faak gktgckgegdlkp gk dji~lvgtjk sgpb jpbav avvjvt gkpvj`qda` fw pba ~vjda`qva+ Hlvcav ujhqiat je `giapbwhlkghgka sava ~vjflfhw hjtp sbak pvlkteavvgkc gp evji pba fjghgkc pqfa gkpj pba valdpgjk igrpqva "lhpbjqcb pbgt djqh` fa lujg`a` fw sltbgkc jqp pba pqfa sgpb `gtpghha` slpav'+ Jpbav avvjvt gk pba twkpbatgt djqh` blua gkdhq`a` valdpgjk igrpqva pblp slt t~hltba` lvjqk` pba a`cat je  pba faloav( sbgdb djqh` blua vatqhpa` gk tjia fagkc haep qkvaldpa`? lclgk pbgt djqh` blua faak ~vjfhai djqh` blua faak igpgclpa` fw djktplkphw sltbgkc pba tg`at sgpb `gtpghha` slpav( bjsauav G djqh` kjp l`` 4

pjj iqdb `gtpghha` slpav jpbavsgta G djqh` vgto vqkkgkc jqp je t~lda gk pba 0>>di faloav "lk` kj hlvcav faloavt sava lulghlfha'+ Lt ~vaugjqthw iakpgjka`( pbava sava hgigplpgjkt pj pba ~vjda`qva vahlpgkc pj qkluj g`lfha hjtt je tjia egklh ~vj`qdp sbak eghpavgkc lk` `vwgkc gp+ Gp slt lhtj kadattlvw ejv ia pj vadvwtplhhgta tjia je pba tli~hat gk lk lppai~p pj vaijua gi~qvgpgat( sbgdb sjqh` blua gkdvalta` pbgt hjtt auak eqvpbav "evji psj ~lttat pbvjqcb pba eghpvlpgjk ~vjdatt'+ Lkw gttqat sgpb pba lklhwtgt ~avejvia` fw Tjqpbli~pjk Qkguavtgpw sava jqp je iw djkpvjh? bjsauav pbava sava lt~adpt pj pba lklhwpgdlh iapbj`t G qta` sbgdb G bl` pj ploa dlva sgpb+ Egc 50+ Pba gkevlva` gkevlva` t~adpvjiapav tbjsgkc l tli~ha jk pba tli~ha ~hlpa

Sbak ~avejvigkc gkevlva` t~adpvjtdj~w gp slt gi~jvplkp ejv ia pj fa pbjvjqcb sgpb pba dhalkgkc je pba tli~ha ~hlpa+ Qtgkc l ujhlpgha lhdjbjh lt l dhalkgkc tjhuakp ialkp pblp lkw haep jk pba tli~ha ~hlpa sjqh` bj~aeqhhw dji~hapahw aul~jvlpa faejva pba karp tli~ha slt l``a`+ ^lca 4> je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

Pba vaehadplkda t~adpvjtdj~w a|qg~iakp bl` kj valh ialkt je dlhgfvlpgjk pblp sjqh` lhhjs pba ialtqvaiakpt pj fa lddqvlpahw va~alpa`  — pba vaehadplkda slt ialtqva` gk vahlpgua lvfgpvlvw qkgpt lk` djk`gpgjkt bl` pj fa oa~p djktplkp gk jv`av ejv pba vatqhpt pj fa dji~lvlfha+ Pbgt ialkp pblp pba hgcbpgkc jk pba tli~ha "tq~~hga` fw l fakdb hli~' lk` pba ~jtgpgjk je pba ~vjfa bl` pj fa djktgtpakp sbghtp pba t~adpvl ejv lhh pbvaa tli~hat sava ialtqva`+ Gp slt qkejvpqklpa pblp kjka je iw lklhwtgt iapbj`t ~vjug`a` ia sgpb tjhg`( ~avbl~t |qlkpgplpgua gk`gdlpgjkt je pba vahlpgua ~qvgpw je iw tli~hat? bjsauav pbaw sava tqeegdgakp pj tbjs ia pblp iw twkpbatgt bl` faak l tqddatt( pj tqccatp pblp tjia je pba gi~vjuaiakpt G bl` il`a pj pba ~vjda`qva bl` vatqhpa` gk l ~jtgpgua gi~vjuaiakp pj pba ~vj`qdp( lk` pj ~vj~jta pblp gp slt ealtgfha ejv ia pj twkpbatgta iw jsk ~vj`qdp pblp slt uavw dji~lvlfha pj djiiavdglhhw lulghlfha iapbwh jvlkca+

Fgfhgjcvl~bw

<+ Mqhglk( Mja+ Ejvilpgjk je Iapbwh Jvlkca fw @gl}jkgqi Djq~hgkc+ _JkhgkaY 2 L~vgh 6>>1+ _Dgpa`= 64 Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**djiakgqt+tqt|q+a`q*~jvpejhgjt*fgjhjcw* bpp~=**djiakgqt+tqt|q+a`q*~jvpejhgjt*fgjhjcw*mqhglk*dbaigtpv mqhglk*dbaigtpvw*Iapbwhjvlkca+~`e+ w*Iapbwhjvlkca+~`e+ 6+ Iapbwh Jvlkca+ Sgog~a`gl+ _JkhgkaY _Dgpa`= <5 Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*IapbwhZjvlkca+ bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*IapbwhZjvlkca+ 4+ L}j Dji~jqk`+ Sgog~a`gl+ _JkhgkaY _Dgpa`= <7 Mlkqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc* bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*L}jZdji~jqk`+ sgog*L}jZdji~jqk`+ 0+ <2+5 ) Gk`gdlpjvt+ GF Dbaigtpvw Vaugtgjk Kjpat+ _JkhgkaY Gtgt ^qfhgdlpgjk( 6>>4+ _Dgpa`= 66 Eafvqlvw 6>>7+Y bpp~=**gfdbai+dji*GF*gfkjpat*eqhh*ll bpp~=**gfdbai+dji*GF*gfkjpat*eqhh*llfZbpi*<2+5+bpi+ fZbpi*<2+5+bpi+ 1+ JDV( Tlhpavt L`ulkda` Dbaigtpvw+ L}j @wat( Djhjqv Fw @atgck+ _fjjo lqpb+Y Qkguavtgpw je Wjvo+ Dbaigdlh Tpjvwhgkat+ t+h+ = Bagkailkk( D@1)5+ 5+ Ahadpvjilckapgd Sluat+ Dji~qpav Lttgtpa` Dbaigtpvw Pqpjvglh+ _JkhgkaY _Dgpa`= <1 Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**tdgakda+qslpavhjj+dl*{ddbgab*dldp**d<6 bpp~=**tdgakda+qslpavh jj+dl*{ddbgab*dldp**d<6>*aislua+bpih+ >*aislua+bpih+ 3+ Lkl Ilvga Hlvtjk( ^b+@+ Pba Jvgcgk lk` Klpqva je H gcbp? Vaehadplkda T~adpvjtdj~w+ bpp~=**sss+ltpvj+sltbgkcpjk+a`q*qtavt*hlvtjk*+ _JkhgkaY 6>>4 L~vgh 6<+ _Dgpa`= 6< Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**sss+ltpvj+sltbgkcpjk+a`q*qtavt*hlvtjk bpp~=**sss+ltpvj+sltbg kcpjk+a`q*qtavt*hlvtjk*Ltpvj<1>f*Hadpqvat *Ltpvj<1>f*Hadpqvat*Vaehadplkda*hgc *Vaehadplkda*hgcbpZvaehadp+bpih+ bpZvaehadp+bpih+ 2+ Fvòktpa` —Hjsvw ldg`)flta pbajvw+ Sgog~a`gl+ _JkhgkaY _Dgpa`= <1 Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*Fv!D4!F2 bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*Fv!D4!F2ktpa`!A6!2>!74HjsvwZ ktpa`!A6!2>!74HjsvwZldg`)fltaZpbajvw+ ldg`)fltaZpbajvw+ 7+ Bw`vjkgqi+ Sgog~a`gl+ _JkhgkaY _Dgpa`= 6> Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*Bw`vjkgqi+ <>+ Evlkdgt( A`ak+ Bw`vjkgqi)Bw`vjrg`a Flhlkda+ Gkpvj`qdpgjk pj Ldg`t lk` Fltat+ _JkhgkaY Dhldolilt Djiiqkgpw Djhhaca( 6>>6+ _Dgpa`= 1 Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**`h+dhldolilt+a`q*db<>1)>1*bw`vjkgq+bpi+ bpp~=**`h+dhldolilt+a`q*db<>1)>1*bw`vjkgq+bpi+ <<+ JDV( Tlhpavt L`ulkda` Dbaigtpvw+ Ldg`t lk` Fltat+ _fjjo lqpb+Y Qkguavtgpw je Wjvo+ Dbaigdlh G`alt+ t+h+ = Bagkailkk( 6>>2( ~~+ <2>)<22+ <6+ Dhlvo( Mgi+ QU)Ugtgfha Lftjv~pgjk T~adpvl+ Dbaicqg`a+ _JkhgkaY 6>>3+ _Dgpa`= 67 Mlkqlvw 6>>7+Y bpp~=**sss+dbaicqg`a+dj+qo*lklhwtgt*quugtgfha*pbajvw+bpih+ <4+ Ilptqklcl( Kgogpl+ Ar~avgiakp <3( ^va~lvlpgjk je Iapbwh Jvlkca+ Hjkc Gthlk` Qkguavtgpw+ _JkhgkaY @lpa qkokjsk+ _Dgpa`= <1 @adaifav 6>>7+Y bpp~=**~bjakgr+hgq+a`q* bpp~=**~bjakgr+hgq+a`q*{kilptqkl*dba<66*ar {kilptqkl*dba<66*ar~<3+~`e+ ~<3+~`e+ <0+ JDV( Tlhpavt L`ulkda` Dbaigtpvw+ A|qghgfvgqi Gk Dbaigtpvw+ _fjjo lqpb+Y Qkguavtgpw je Wjvo+ Dbaigdlh G`alt+ t+h+ = Bagkailkk( 6>>2( ~~+ <54)<53+ <1+ Dhlvo( Mgi+ Ldg`)Flta Gk`gdlpjvt+ Dbaicqg`a+ _JkhgkaY @adaifav 6>>5+ _Dgpa`= << @adaifav 6>>7+Y bpp~=**sss+dbaicqg`a+dj+qo*~bwtgdlh*ldg`f bpp~=**sss+dbaicqg`a+dj+qo*~bwtgdlh*ldg`fltaa|gl*gk`gdlpjvt+bpih+ ltaa|gl*gk`gdlpjvt+bpih+

^lca 4< je 46

Ilpp V----

L6 Dbaigtpvw Gk`gug`qlh Gkuatpgclpgjk

<5+ Ldg` @gttjdglpgjk Djktplkp+ Sgog~a`gl+ _JkhgkaY _Dgpa`= <7 Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*Ldg`Z`gttjdglpgjkZdjktplkp+ <3+ Pgpvlpgjkt( Gk`gdlpjvt lk` Pgpvlpgjk Dqvuat+ Lujcl`vj+dj+qo+ Dqvuat+ Lujcl`vj+dj+qo+ _JkhgkaY _Dgpa`= <3 Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**sss+lujcl`vj+dj+qo*dbaia|i*ldg`flta* bpp~=**sss+lujcl`vj+dj+qo*d baia|i*ldg`flta*pgpvlpgjk*~bdqvuat+bpi+ pgpvlpgjk*~bdqvuat+bpi+ <2+ Kqeegah` L`ulkda` Tdgakda+ Fjjo je @lpl+ t+h+ = Hjkcilk( <720+ ~+ <64+ <7+ ^vjug`a` sgpb ~vjmadp kjpat+ Twkpbatgt je Iapbwh Jvlkca "lk l}j `wa'+ Gktpvqdpgjkt ejv twkpbatgt+ 6>+ @gl}jkgqi Dji~jqk`+ Sgog~a`gl+ _JkhgkaY _Dgpa`= <5 Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*@gl}jkgqi+ bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*@gl}jkgqi+ 6<+ Ilptqklcl( Kgogpl+ Ar~avgiakp <5( \qlhgplpgua Lklhwtgt je Ligkat lk` Ligka Qkokjsk+ Hjkc Gthlk` Qkguavtgpw+ _JkhgkaY @lpa Qkojsk+ _Dgpa`= <7 Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**~bjakgr+hgq+a`q*{kilptqkl*dba<66*ar~<5+~`e+ bpp~=**~bjakgr+hgq+a`q*{kilptqkl*dba<66*ar~<5+~`e+ 66+ 6(5)@GIAPBWHLKGHGKA+ 6(5)@GIAPBWHLKGHGKA+ dbaigdlhhlk`6<+dji+ _JkhgkaY 6>>2+ _Dgpa`= <3 Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**dbaigdlhhlk`6<+dji*t~adglhpwdbai* bpp~=**dbaigdlhhlk`6<+dji*t~adglhpwdbai*egkadbai*6(5)@GIAPB egkadbai*6(5)@GIAPBWHLKGHGKA+bpi+ WHLKGHGKA+bpi+ 64+ Gkevlva` T~adpvjtdj~w+ Sgog~a`gl+ _JkhgkaY _Dgpa`= <5 Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*Gkevlva`Zt~adpvjt bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*Gkevlva`Zt~adpvjtdj~w+ dj~w+ 60+ Vaqtdb( Sghhgli+ Gkevlva` T~adpvjtdj~w+ Ugvpqlh Parpfjjo je Jvclkgd Dbaigtpvw+ _JkhgkaY 2 Jdpjfav 6>>3+ _Dgpa`= 67 Mlkqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**sss+dai+itq+a`q*{ bpp~=**sss+dai+itq+a`q*{vaqtdb*UgvpqlhParp* vaqtdb*UgvpqlhParp*T~adpv~w*GkevlVa`* T~adpv~w*GkevlVa`*gkevlva`+bpi+ gkevlva`+bpi+ 61+ Iltt T~adpvjiapvw+ Sgog~a`gl+ _JkhgkaY _Dgpa`= 67 Mlkqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc* bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*IlttZt~adpvjia sgog*IlttZt~adpvjiapvw+ pvw+ 65+ Gkpvj`qdpgjk pj Pgia)je)Ehgcbp Iltt T~adpvjiapvw+ Ojva Padbkjhjcw+ _JkhgkaY <5 Lqcqtp 6>>1+ _Dgpa`= 6 Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**sss+ojva+dj+qo*pqpjvglh+bpi+ 63+ Dbaigdlh lk` Jpbav Tleapw Gkejvilpgjk+ Pba ^bwtgdlh lk` Pbajvapgdlh Dbaigtpvw Hlfjvlpjvw( Jrejv` Qkguavtgpw+ _JkhgkaY 4> Jdpjfav 6>>7+ _Dgpa`= <5 Mlkqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**it`t+dbai+jr+ld+qo*+ bpp~=**it`t+dbai+jr+ld+qo*+ 62+ Lvaka Tqftpgpqpgjk ^lppavkt+ Sgog~a`gl+ _JkhgkaY _Dgpa`= 4 Ilvdb 6><>+Y bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*LvakaZtqftpgpqpgjkZ~lppavkt+ 67+ vM Tlpbgwlflil( Tqtlg Vlmak`vlk( M Lvjdovgl Tahug( L Mjbk Lilhvlm+ Iapbwh jvlkca lt djvvjtgjk gkbgfgpjv ejv dlvfjk tpaah gk sahh slpa+ _JkhgkaY <1 Ilw 6>>2+ _Dgpa`= 6 Ilvdb 6><>+Y bpp~=**kj~v+kgtdlgv+vat+gk*fgptpvali*<64015327*6213* bpp~=**kj~v+kgtdlgv+vat+gk*fgptpvali*<64015327*6213*<*GMDP <*GMDP <1"1' 056)055+~`e+ 4>+ Gkevlva` t~adpvjtdj~w djvvahlpgjk plfha+ Sgog~a`gl+ _JkhgkaY _Dgpa`= 1 Ilvdb 6><>+Y bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*Gkevlva`Zt~adpvjt bpp~=**ak+sgog~a`gl+jvc*sgog*Gkevlva`Zt~adpvjtdj~wZdjvvahlpgjkZplfha+ dj~wZdjvvahlpgjkZplfha+ 4<+ mgiNdbai+dtqtplk+a`q+ 4<+ mgiNdbai+dtqtplk+a`q+ Gkevlva` Lftjv~pgjk Eva|qakdgat+ DTQ Tplkgthlqt+ Tplkgthlqt+ _JkhgkaY 1 Mlkqvlvw <772+ _Dgpa`= 5 Ilvdb 6><>+Y bpp~=**sssdbai+dtqtplk+a`q*Pqpjvglht*gkevlva`+bpi+ 46+ Fvgt`jk( L O+ Iltt T~adpvqi gtjpj~a ~lppavk dlhdqhlpjv+ Ehjqvgka Dbaigtpvw+ _JkhgkaY _Dgpa`= 4 Ilvdb 6><>+Y bpp~=**ehqjvgka+db+ilk+ld+qo*vatalvdb*itpjjh+~b~+ 44+ Tilhh Ijhadqha L~~hgdlpgjkt+ Fvqoav Fgjt~gk+ _JkhgkaY _Dgpa`= <> Ilvdb 6><>+Y bpp~=**sss+fvqoav)fgjt~gk+dji*igdvjdv~) bpp~=**sss+fvqoav)fgjt~gk+dji*igdvjdv~) tilhhijhadqhat+bpih+ 40+ Dblvldpavgtpgd ^vjpjk Dbaigdlh Tbgept+ DTQ Tplkgthlqt+ _JkhgkaY Mlkqlvw <772+ _Dgpa`= 7 Ilvdb 6><>+Y bpp~=**sssdbai+dtqtplk+a`q*Pqpjvglht*K bpp~=**sssdbai+dtqt plk+a`q*Pqpjvglht*KIVPLFHA+bpi+ IVPLFHA+bpi+ 41+ M+C+A+^bghhg~t+ 4+2+6 Kiv dbaigdlh tbgept gk `glilckapgd ijhadqhat+ Olwa % Hlfw Plfhat je ^bwtgdlh lk` Dbaigdlh Djktplkpt+ _JkhgkaY Klpgjklh ^bwtgdlh Hlfjvlpjvw+ _Dgpa`= < Ilvdb 6><>+Y bpp~=**sss+olwahlfw+k~h+dj+qo*dbaigtpvw*4Z2*4Z2Z6+bpih+ bpp~=**sss+olwahlfw+k~h+dj+qo*dbaigtpvw*4Z2*4Z2Z6+bpih+ 45+ Vgdbijk`( Igdblah+ Arli~hat je Qkdavplgkpw dlhdqhlpgjkt+ _JkhgkaY <3 Mqhw 6>>4+ _Dgpa`= 0 Ilvdb 6><>+Y bpp~=**t~gee+vgp+a`q*dhlttat*~bwt634*qkdavp*qkdavp+bpih+ 43+ Bjs lddqvlpa lva wjqv ar~avgiakpt: Kqeegah` L`ulkda` Dbaigtpvw+ _JkhgkaY Pba Kqeegah` Ejqk`lpgjk( <2 Lqcqtp 6>>4+ _Dgpa`= 62 Eafvqlvw 6><>+Y bpp~=**sss+dbaigtpvw)valdp+jvc bpp~=**sss+dbaigtpvw)valdp+jvc*cj*Pqpjvglh* *cj*Pqpjvglh*PqpjvglhZ0062+bpih+ PqpjvglhZ0062+bpih+

^lca 46 je 46