681 Kosata Penting IELTS
Abu Maryam
Bonus: 45 Pertanyaan Speaking IELTS Yang Sering Diujikan
KATA PENGANTAR
Bahasa Inggris merupakan batu sandungan pertama yang harus Anda lewati sebelum bergerilya mencari beasiswa, bersekolah atau bekerja di luar negeri. Terdapat dua ujian kemampuan bahasa Inggris yang cukup populer saat ini, TOEFL (Test Of English Foreign Language) dan IELTS (International English Language Testing System). Tanpa memiliki salah satu sertifikasi kemampuan bahasa Inggris tersebut, langkah Anda hanya akan terhenti sampai pada proses administrasi kelengkapan dokumen.
Baik TOEFL dan IELTS ditujukan untuk menguji kemampuan bahasa Inggris para kandidat sebagai bahasa kedua mereka. Di Indonesia, IELTS belum menandingi popularitas TOEFL, akan tetapi beberapa tahun belakangan, IELTS semakin terkenal dan menggeser kepopuleran TOEFL. Beberapa institusi yang sebelumnya mensyaratkan TOEFL, sekarang sudah menerima IELTS sebagai syarat sertifikasi kemampuan bahasa Inggris. Jika Anda ingin melanjutkan pendidikan atau karier di negara yang berbahasa Inggris seperti United Kingdom, Australia, Kanada, dan beberapa negara Eropa, IELTS adalah sebuah kewajiban. Tes ini menguji kemampuan para peserta secara menyeluruh mulai dari mendengar (listening), membaca (reading), menulis (writing), dan berbicara (speaking). Ada dua jenis modul IELTS yang ditawarkan, yaitu modul General Training dan Akademik.
Penguasan vocabulary adalah modal dasar dalam kemampuan berbahasa asing. Sayangnya, mayoritas buku-buku IELTS di pasaran hanya menitikberatkan pada soal-soal latihan dan bukan pada vocabulary. Kosakata-kosakata yang sering keluar pada ujian IELTS umumnya berkisar pada topik yang sama. Seringkali, satu kata yang sebenarnya mudah, kerap divariasikan dengan berbagai macam persamaan maknanya yang sulit. Metode menghapalkan mentah-mentah kumpulan kosakata tersebut bukanlah cara yang bijak untuk meningkatkan nilai IELTS Anda. Oleh sebab itu, buku ini hadir memberikan Anda kosakata-kosakata penting yang sering keluar pada ujian IELTS dengan latihan yang komprehensif. Kami menyusun latihan tersebut dengan harapan agar kata-kata tersebut dapat diingat secara alami tanpa harus dihapalkan.
Besar harapan kami bahwa buku ini dapat membantu para pembaca sekalian yang akan mengikuti ujian IELTS untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal.
Jakarta, Agustus 2014
Penulis
Daftar Isi Apa Itu IELTS? Chapter 1 City & Town Chapter 2 Country & Village Chapter 3 Ownership & Borrowing Chapter 4 Technology Chapter 5 Obligation & Option Chapter 6 Arts Chapter 7 Geography Chapter 8 Men & Women Chapter 9 Education Chapter 10 Business & Industry Chapter 11 Social Tension Chapter 12 Natural Disaster Chapter 13 Money & Finance Chapter 14 Travel Chapter 15 Environment Chapter 16 Healthcare Chapter 17 Crime & Law Chapter 18 Family Chapter 19 Food & Diet Chapter 20 On The Road Chapter 21 Architecture Chapter 22 Politics Chapter 23 Work Lampiran 1 Daftar Irregular Verbs Lampiran 2 45 Pertanyaan Speaking IELTS Yang Sering Diujikan
4|Page
Apa itu IELTS?
IELTS merupakan ujian sertifikasi kemampuan berbahasa Inggris yang bergengsi dengan lebih dari 1.5 juta orang mengikuti ujian ini setiap tahunnya di seluruh penjuru dunia. Terdapat lebih dari 7,000 organisasi1 mulai dari institusi pendidikan sampai perusahaan korporasi di berbagai negara yang menggunakan IELTS untuk proses seleksi penerimaan mahasiswa atau pegawai baru. Apapun latar belakang pendidikan peserta tes, semua kandidat akan mengikuti ujian yang sama. Dokter, insinyur, dan akuntan tidak akan diuji berdasarkan jenis profesi mereka.
Ada Berapa Jenis IELTS? Ujian IELTS berlangsung total selama 2 jam 45 menit, terdiri dari 4 bagian: listening, reading, writing dan speaking. Terdapat dua versi IELTS yang dikenal saat ini; yaitu Akademik dan General Training.
Academic Modules ditujukan bagi mereka yang ingin melanjutkan studi atau bersekolah (S1/S2/S3), sedangkan General Trainig diperuntukkan bagi orangorang yang ingin bekerja dan berimigrasi ke negara-negara berbahasa Inggris atau melanjutkan perkuliahan sampai level diploma (D3). Sehingga isi dari IELTS versi Akademik lebih ditekankan pada topik-topik yang berhubungan dengan
1
www.britishcouncil.org
5|Page
dunia pendidikan atau perkuliahan. Sedangkan untuk General Training, topik berasal dari tema pembicaraan sehari-hari yang lebih umum.
IELTS versi Akademik dan General Training memiliki soal yang SAMA untuk bagian Listening dan Speaking. Namun pada bagian Reading dan Writing, soal diberikan berbeda. Pada IELTS versi akademik, kedua bagian ini relatif lebih sulit.
Overview Setiap Bagian Ujian IELTS Ujian IELTS memiliki 4 komponen sub-tes; mendengar/listening (30 menit ), membaca/reading (1 jam), menulis/writing (1 jam) and berbicara/speaking (12-15 menit). Secara keseluruhan, ujian IELTS berlangsung sekitar 2 jam 45 menit2.
Listening (30 Menit) Listening terdiri dari 4 bagian rekaman audio. Pada bagian ini, rekaman berisi percakapan monologue (satu arah) dan dua arah. Bagian 1 dan 2 merupakan soal yang relatif lebih mudah dibandingkan bagian 3 dan 4. Sebagian besar penutur dalam rekaman adalah native speaker seperti orang Inggris dan Australia. Meskipun demikian, terkadang juga terdapat penutur asing seperti dari India, Jepang atau Cina yang dilibatkan dalam rekaman.
Reading (60 Menit)
2
www.ielts.org
6|Page
IELTS versi Akademik berisi 3 teks panjang yang diambil dari buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan majalah. Teks tersebut biasanya meliputi informasi dari bidang spefisik tertentu dan sengaja ditujukan bagi para peserta dari berbagai latar belakang pendidikan. Pada IELTS modul General Training, teks diambil dari koran, iklan, dan buku umum. Materi yang disajikan adalah permasalahan sehari-hari yang familiar ditemukan di negara berbahasa Inggris.
Writing (60 Menit) Topik diambil dari tema umum yang cocok dan mudah dimengerti oleh para peserta ujian baik untuk yang ingin melanjutkan sekolah ataupun untuk keperluan karir profesional. Jawaban untuk kedua task di atas harus ditulis dalam format baku. Tes writing versi academic meliputi 2 tugas.
Tabel 1. Perbedaan writing test pada modul akademik dan general training Akademik
General Training
Para peserta diberikan grafik, tabel, atau diagram dan diminta untuk menuliskan informasi penting yang tersaji. Peserta harus mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan data atau proses dengan menggunakan bahasa sendiri.
Task 1
Peserta dihadapkan pada situasi yang diberikan dalam sebuah surat. Surat tersebut dapat bersifat pribadi atau formal. Peserta kemudian diminta untuk menuliskan surat balasan untuk merespons permintaan atau pesan yang tertera dalam surat tersebut.
7|Page
Para peserta diminta untuk menulis sebuah essay dengan memberikan argumen dari sudut pandangnya sendiri.
Task 2
Hampir sama dengan versi akademik, task 2 pada versi general training lebih sedikit bersifat personal dibandingkan dengan modul akademik.
Speaking (11-14 Menit) Pada bagian ini, pernyataan atau jawaban peserta akan direkam. Terdapat tiga bagian pada ujian Speaking IELTS. Bagian pertama adalah tentang perkenalan, biasanya pertanyaan seputar tempat tinggal, pekerjaan, dan keluarga. Di bagian kedua, peserta akan diberikan kartu yang berisi daftar pertanyaan. Anda mempunyai waktu satu menit untuk mempersiapkan jawaban. Setelah itu, Anda akan diminta untuk menjawab semua pertanyaan yang ada pada kartu tersebut dalam waktu dua menit. Di bagian ketiga, penguji akan menanyakan pertanyaan yang masih terkait dengan apa yang telah Anda jawab di bagian kedua. Kali ini, Anda diharapkan untuk dapat menjawabnya dengan lebih detail.
IELTS atau TOEFL TOEFL dan IELTS adalah suatu sistem sertifikasi yang dirancang untuk memastikan penguasaan bahasa Inggris bagi non-native speaker. Keduanya diciptakan seiring tumbuhnya kebutuhan terhadap sebuah tes bahasa Inggris yang comprehensive dan diakui secara internasional. Kebanyakan para perserta menggunakan hasil ujian TOEFL dan IELTS untuk kebutuhan imigrasi, pendidikan dan pekerjaan.
8|Page
TOEFL dipatenkan pertama kali pada pertengahan tahun 60an. Tes bahasa Inggris ini dirancang oleh Center of Applied Linguistic di bawah arahan Dr. Charles A. Ferguson3. TOEFL kemudian dikembangkan dan diselenggarakan oleh Educational Testing Service (ETS), sebuah lembaga non-profit di Amerika Serikat.
Sedangkan IELTS dikembangkan oleh kolaborasi para akademisi dan organisasi profesional yang berbasis di Inggris dan Australia. IELTS dimiliki bersama oleh British Council, IDP Australia dan Univeristy of Cambridge. Ketiga badan ini menjamin kualitas dan standar ujian IELTS di seluruh dunia. Dengan tersebarnya British Council dan IDP Australia di seluruh dunia, ditambah dengan dukungan keunggulan para ahli bahasa dari University of Cambridge, IELTS menjadi salah satu tes Bahasa Inggris terbaik dan terkenal di dunia. Tak heran, saat ini terdapat lebih dari 800 lokasi ujian IELTS yang tersebar di lebih dari 130 negara. Tabel 2. Head to Head Nilai IELTS dan TOEFL4
3
http://www.cityu.edu.hk/elc/study_preparation.html
4
English Language Centre, Sheffield University
9|Page
Berbeda dengan TOEFL yang memiliki format multiple choice, IELTS mempunyai beragam variasi tipe soal untuk setiap bagiannya. Akibatnya, ada beberapa kalangan yang berpendapat bahwa IELTS dianggap lebih sulit daripada TOEFL.
Apa Yang Menjadikan IELTS Begitu Popular Meskipun terkenal dengan kesulitannya, IELTS semakin diminati dari tahun ke tahun. Beberapa negara seperti Inggris dan Australia mengharuskan seseorang untuk memiliki nilai IELTS jika ingin mengajukan proses lamaran visa kerja, sekolah atau pindah kewarganegaraan.
Soal-soal IELTS bersifat universal tanpa memandang bangsa, agama, jenis kelamin, dan profesi para kandidat. IELTS mengakomodasi perbedaan Bahasa Inggris Amerika dan British dalam hal pengejaan (spelling) dan pilihan kata. Pada ujian bagian Listening misalnya, IELTS memberikan berbagai aksen bahasa Inggris mulai dari Ausralia, Kanada, Selandia Baru, Inggris dan Amerika Serikat.
IELTS bukan hanya sekedar ujian kemampuan Bahasa Inggris. Lebih dari itu, IELTS didesain oleh para ahli Bahasa Inggris di seluruh dunia untuk menguji empat aspek kemampuan berbahasa seseorang secara menyeluruh: Listening, Reading, Writing, dan Speaking. Di samping itu, format soal yang bervariasi mulai dari pilihan berganda, mencocokkan, fill in the blank, dan essay menjadikan
10 | P a g e
IELTS sebagai salah satu tes ujian kemampuan Bahasa Inggris yang paling komplit.
Dengan meningkatnya minat para pelajar asing untuk menuntut ilmu di negara berbahasa Inggris, permintaan terhadap IELTS pun semakin tinggi. Jumlah orang yang belajar dan bekerja di Inggris, Amerika Serikat, dan Australia telah melonjak drastis dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Bahkan di negara seperti Jerman dan Perancis sekalipun, permintaan terhadap program kuliah yang menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa pengantar juga semakin tinggi. Akibatnya, universitas yang menwarakan program internasional secara perlahan mulai mensyaratkan para calon mahasiswa baru untuk memiliki nilai IELTS. Hal ini telah merubah dunia pendidikan di seluruh dunia, menjadikan IELTS sebagai salah satu tes bahasa Inggris yang begitu terkenal.
Bagaimana nilai IELTS Diberikan Tidak ada istilah lulus atau gagal dalam ujian IELTS. Hasil ujian diberikan dalam skala antara 0-9, nilai tertinggi adalah 9 dan bukan 105. Nilai 0 diberikan bagi peserta yang tidak menikuti ujian sama sekali atau tidak hadir.
Para peserta akan menerima hasil IELTS 13 hari atau dua minggu setelah ujian dilangsungkan. Mereka akan mendapatkan rincian nilai setiap sesi dari Listening, Reading, Writing, dan Speaking. Overall band score adalah nilai ata-rata dari 5
http://hkcityu.netlanguages.com
11 | P a g e
keempat sesi tersebut yang dibulatkan ke atas atau ke bawah. Skema ilustrasinya diperlihatkan oleh tabel berikut:
Tabel 3. Contoh perhitungan nilai IELTS6 Listening Reading Writing Speaking
Average Scores
Overall Band Score (Setelah dibulatkan)
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.5
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.125
6.0
6.5
6.5
6.0
6.0
6.25
6.5
6.5
6.5
7.0
6.0
6.5
6.5
7.0
7.0
7.0
6.0
6.75
7.0
Para kandidat yang memenuhi semua kriteria diatas akan menjalani serangkaian proses rekrutmen seperti interview, training, dan sertifikasi. Semua pelamar harus melewati setiap bagian untuk melanjutkan ke proses berikutnya dan dapat gugur di setiap tingkatnya.
6
www.takeielts.britishcouncil.org
12 | P a g e
Chapter 1 City & Town No. Word/Phrase 1 Amenity
2 3 4 5 6 7
8
9
10 11
12 13 14
15
16
Explanation something such as a swimming pool or shopping center, that is intended to make life more pleasant or comfortable for the people in a town, or other place a large building that is divided into Block of Flats apartments conditions exist that will encourage Breed Crime criminal activity a piece of land on which a house or Building Sites other building is being built Central Business District (CBD) the main part of a city where most of its offices, stores are located a person who lives in a city City Dweller too crowded and causing difficulties, Congested describing roads and towns where there is too much traffic and movement is made difficult an amount of money that you have to Congestion Charge pay each day to drive into a city center, charged in order to reduce traffic a city that contains or has experience of Cosmopolitan City people and things from many different parts of the world the level of prices relating to a range of Cost of Living everyday items an event that relates to the ideas, Cultural Event customs, and social behaviour of a society the habitual taking of illegal drugs Drug Abuse the fact of someone being paid to work Employment for a company or organization an area containing a large number of Housing Estates houses or apartments built close together at the same time the basic systems and services, such as Infrastructure transport and power supplies, that a country or organization uses in order to work effectively the central part of a city where people Inner-City live and where there are few jobs and bad houses 13 | P a g e
17
Melting Pot
18
Metropolis
19
Peak Hours
20
Pedestrian Precinct
21
Pollution
22
Population Explosion
23 24
Poverty Premises
25
Urban Lifestyle
26
Urban Sprawl
a place where different peoples, styles, theories, etc. are mixed together a very large city, often the most important city in a large area or country periods at the beginning and end of the working day when large numbers of people are travelling to or from work an area with shops where vehicles aren’t allowed the presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance which has harmful or poisonous effects a sudden, large increase in the size of a population the condition of being extremely poor the land and buildings owned by someone, especially by a company or organization a busy working life in a city or built-up area the spread of a city into the area surrounding it, often without planning
14 | P a g e
Exercise City & Town (Part 1) Instruction: Find the words/phrases horizontally, vertically, and diagonally (backwards may be possible). Number 1 has been done for you.
Y
C
R
D
K
N
M
C
I
N
Z
V
J
M
S
T
I
K
G
E
N
D
O
B
R
L
C
H
E
T
I
T
R
X
M
T
K
N
G
V
Z
K
T
I
R
C
Y
B
K
M
F
S
G
Y
K
R
I
L
D
H
N
D
R
L
K
O
I
E
U
W
S
E
Y
U
T
A
W
B
P
O
D
U
S
G
G
E
V
T
Q
Z
T
E
X
A
B
C
X
T
N
N
Q
Y
I
K
R
I
L
Y
C
H
I
K
I
Z
V
O
K
N
E
F
L
L
J
O
Q
K
D
O
G
Q
N
C
E
N
V
O
E
G
R
H
L
Y
N
F
W
F
U
M
N
K
P
R
Y
W
I
V
A
C
Z
F
J
Q
A
A
Y
O
X
Z
U
G
W
O
H
V
M
L
X
I
H
J
M
W
B
A
V
F
F
A
N
X
L
A
I
B
V
S
A
V
A
T
F
M
R
O
B
S
X
T
Z
Z
O
R
Z
A
I
N
E
G
N
P
L
J
J
S
J
C
E
M
I
R
C
D
E
E
R
B
Q
P
M
U
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Breed Crime Amenity Block of Flats Building Sites CBD (Central Business District)
6. 7. 8. 9.
City Dweller Congested Congestion Charge Cosmopolitan City
15 | P a g e
City & Town (Part 2) Instruction: Find the words/phrases horizontally, vertically, and diagonally (backwards may be possible). Number 1 has been done for you.
C
W
Y
A
D
F
B
H
I
S
J
L
O
T
L
U
S
V
S
R
J
Y
J
M
E
C
V
C
O
M
L
B
B
C
U
O
K
N
R
T
K
O
M
P
N
T
E
O
B
G
X
W
A
L
A
S
U
L
G
E
U
T
V
K
A
A
G
L
O
T
R
Y
P
N
W
R
A
N
E
B
G
Q
O
O
S
S
C
B
I
T
A
B
P
F
U
R
N
F
P
E
B
R
G
T
R
L
Q
Y
Q
S
E
L
G
X
G
J
Z
W
L
A
E
J
F
W
E
I
L
E
B
N
Z
H
K
E
I
V
M
A
T
V
U
R
B
A
I
Y
N
T
M
K
E
C
U
I
I
Z
O
X
N
S
U
G
V
B
Q
N
I
N
F
R
A
S
T
R
U
C
T
U
R
E
T
G
K
J
T
N
E
M
Y
O
L
P
M
E
Q
Y
T
I
C
R
E
N
N
I
H
Q
P
K
X
R
M
E
T
R
O
P
O
L
I
S
Z
A
D
G
W
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Cost of Living Cultural Event Drug Abuse Employment Housing Estates
6. 7. 8. 9.
Infrastructure Inner-City Melting Pot Metropolis
16 | P a g e
City & Town (Part 3) Instruction: Find the words/phrases horizontally, vertically, and diagonally (backwards may be possible). Number 1 has been done for you. P
H
T
M
W
P
C
V
F
E
N
E
E
S
W
N
O
I
C
Y
E
U
F
R
A
O
R
S
R
U
U
D
V
B
U
D
V
B
N
Q
I
H
X
U
D
L
B
J
E
Z
E
R
O
I
X
S
O
N
O
J
J
U
G
E
R
S
I
G
M
N
O
O
R
H
L
Z
K
T
W
D
T
B
V
Z
I
L
G
F
K
Y
C
B
J
L
U
R
Y
Z
X
E
P
T
U
A
S
K
P
D
L
W
I
F
J
K
V
X
E
R
E
Y
S
Y
L
D
O
A
H
I
D
M
E
B
P
P
O
P
O
T
Y
V
N
R
J
C
X
N
Y
D
P
I
P
H
L
V
J
P
F
P
V
O
O
V
B
S
U
U
O
Q
E
I
R
C
T
S
R
I
R
V
L
J
P
I
I
R
W
E
D
M
U
N
T
C
C
W
D
X
G
Y
M
E
C
T
W
Y
Q
A
E
J
I
T
A
P
R
E
M
I
S
E
S
N
L
B
A
R
N
E
O
T
R
D
N
Z
X
H
F
U
D
R
P
W
S
J
X
A
E
C
K
U
S
H
P
L
R
U
M
E
O
G
W
R
T
L
T
G
F
O
D
A
V
R
G
E
Y
R
K
O
O
X
U
P
P
A
W
B
K
E
L
Y
T
S
E
F
I
L
N
A
B
R
U
B
17 | P a g e
1. 2. 3. 4.
Peak Hours Pedestrian Precinct Pollution Population Explosion
5. 6. 7. 8.
Poverty Premises Urban Lifestyle Urban Sprawl
18 | P a g e
Chapter 2 Country & Village No. 27 28 29
Word/Phrase Acre Arable Land Barley
30 31
Construction Country
32 33 34 35
Countryside Cultivation Depopulation Development
36
Facility
37 38 39
Hectare Migration Oats
40 41
Outskirts Pesticide
42 43 44
Property Prospect Resident
45 46
Residential Rural
47
Suburb
48 49
Unemployment the state of being unemployed a plant whose yellow-brown grain is used for making flour, or Wheat
Explanation a unit of land area equal to 4,840 square yards (0.405 hectare) land that can be used for growing crops a tall plant grown for its grain, or the grain from this plant which is used for food the action of building something, typically a large structure a nation with its own government, occupying a particular territory the land and scenery of a rural area the action of cultivating land, or the state of being cultivated the condition of having reduced numbers of inhabitants the process of converting land to a new purpose by constructing buildings or making use of its resources a place, amenity, or piece of equipment provided for a particular purpose a unit of measurement of an area of land (10,000 m2) movement from one part of something to another a tall plant grown for its grain, or the grain from this plant used for food the outer parts of a town or city a chemical substance used to kill harmful insects, small animals, wild plants, and other unwanted organisms a building or area of land, or both together the possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring a person who lives somewhere permanently or on a long-term basis designed for people to live in in, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town an area on the edge of a large town or city where people who work in the town or city often live
the grain itself
19 | P a g e
Exercise Country & Village (Part 1) Instruction: Fill in the crossword puzzle.
Across 7. designed for people to live in 8. the possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring 9. a plant whose yellow-brown grain is used for making flour, or the grain itself 10. a chemical substance used to kill harmful insects, small animals, wild plants, and other unwanted organisms 11. the outer parts of a town or city
20 | P a g e
Down 1. in, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town 2. a tall plant grown for its grain, or the grain from this plant used for food 3. a person who lives somewhere permanently or on a long-term basis 4. an area on the edge of a large town or city where people who work in the town or city often live 5. the state of being unemployed 6. a building or area of land, or both together
21 | P a g e
Country & Village (Part 2)
Across 3. a unit of land area equal to 4,840 square yards (0.405 hectare) 6. the land and scenery of a rural area 9. a place, amenity, or piece of equipment provided for a particular purpose 11. movement from one part of something to another 12. a nation with its own government, occupying a particular territory
22 | P a g e
Down 1. a unit of measurement of an area of land (10,000 m2) 2. the condition of having reduced numbers of inhabitants 4. the action of building something, typically a large structure 5. a tall plant grown for its grain, or the grain from this plant used for food 7. the process of converting land to a new purpose by constructing buildings or making use of its resources 8. the action of cultivating land, or the state of being cultivated 10. land that can be used for growing crops
23 | P a g e
Chapter 3 Ownership & Borrowing
No. Word/Phrase Explanation a personal item that one owns; a possession 50 Belonging something that is given to a charity, especially a sum of 51 Donation money a woman who rents out land, a building, or accommodation 52 Landlady a man who rents out land, a building, or accommodation 53 Landlord a person who owns land, especially a large amount of land 54 Landowner a thing that is borrowed, especially a sum of money that is 55 Loan expected to be paid back with interest an agreement that allows you to borrow money from a bank 56 Mortgage or similar organization, especially in order to buy a house or apartment, or the amount of money itself: someone who owns something 57 Owner the state of having, owning, or controlling something 58 Possession a person who owns a particular type of business, especially 59 Proprietor a hotel, a shop, or a company that makes newspapers a tenant’s regular payment to a landlord for the use of 60 Rent property or land a person who pays rent for the use of land or a building 61 Tenant to make a legal agreement by which money is paid in order 62 To Lease to use land, a building, a vehicle, or a piece of equipment for an agreed period of time
24 | P a g e
Exercise Ownership & Borrowing Instruction: Match the words in column A with the explanations in column B. A 1. Belonging
B A. to make a legal agreement by which money is paid in order to use land, a building, a vehicle, or a piece of equipment for an agreed period of time
2. Donation
B. a thing that is borrowed, especially a sum of money that is expected to be paid back with interest
3. Landlady
C. a person who owns a particular type of business, especially a hotel, a shop, or a company that makes newspapers
4. Landlord
D. someone who owns something
5. Landowner
E. a person who pays rent for the use of land or a building
6. Loan
F. something that is given to a charity, especially a sum of money
7. Mortgage
G. the state of having, owning, or controlling something
8. Owner
H. a man who rents out land, a building, or accommodation
9. Possession
I. a tenant’s regular payment to a landlord for the use of property or land
10. Proprietor 11. Rent
J. a woman who rents out land, a building, or accommodation K. an agreement that allows you to borrow money from a bank or similar organization, especially in order to buy a house or apartment, or the amount of money itself
12. Tenant
L. a person who owns land, especially a large amount of land
13. To Lease
M. a personal item that one owns; a possession
25 | P a g e
Chapter 4 Technology
No. Word/Phrase 63 Breakthrough 64
Chemistry
65
Cybernetics
66
Development
67
Discovery
68
Engineering
69
Experiment
70
Genetic
71
Genetic Engineering
72
Hardware
73 74
Innovation Invention
75
77
Life Expectancy Molecular Biology Nuclear
78
Physics
79
Research
76
Explanation an important discovery or event that helps to improve a situation or provide an answer to a problem the part of science which studies the basic characteristics of substances and the different ways in which they react or combine with other substances the science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things the process in which someone or something grows or changes and becomes more advanced the process of finding information, a place, or an object, especially for the first time, or the thing that is found the branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact belonging or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) received by each animal or plant from its parents the science of changing the structure of the genes of a living thing in order to make it healthier or stronger or more useful to humans the machines, wiring, and other physical components of a computer or other electronic system the use of a new idea or method something that has never been made before, or the process of creating something that has never been made before the length of time that a living thing, especially a human being, is likely to live the study of the structure and action of the molecules that make up living things being or using the power produced when the nucleus of an atom is divided or joined to another nucleus the scientific study of matter and energy and the effect that they have on each other the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions 26 | P a g e
80
Safeguard
81
Science
82
Software
83 84 85
Technophile Technophobe To React
a measure taken to protect someone or something or to prevent something undesirable the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment the programs and other operating information used by a computer a person who is enthusiastic about new technology a person who fears, dislikes, or avoids new technology to act in a particular way as a direct result of something else
27 | P a g e
Exercise Technology Instruction: Choose the correct answers. 1. The use of a new idea or method is called …… a. Invention b. Breakthrough c. Innovation d. Development 2. A person who fears, dislikes, or avoids new technology is called …… a. Technophobe b. Technophile c. Engineering d. Safeguard 3. The programs and other operating information used by a computer are called …… a. Science b. Cybernetics c. Hardware d. Software 4. The scientific study of matter and energy and the effect that they have on each other is called …… a. Science b. Physics c. Research d. Experiment 5. The process of finding information, a place, or an object, especially for the first time, or the thing that is found is called …… a. Discovery b. Experiment c. Development d. Breakthrough 6. The science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things is called …… a. Genetic b. Cybernetics c. Molecular Biology
28 | P a g e
d. Genetic Engineering 7. A measure taken to protect someone or something or to prevent something undesirable is called …… a. Breakthrough b. Development c. Experiment d. Safeguard 8. A person who is enthusiastic about new technology is called …… a. Safeguard b. Engineering c. Technophile d. Technophobe 9. A scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact is called …… a. Invention b. Experiment c. Development d. Breakthrough 10. Being or using the power produced when the nucleus of an atom is divided or joined to another nucleus is called …… a. Nuclear b. Software c. Hardware d. Cybernetics 11. The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions is called …… a. Safeguard b. Experiment c. Innovation d. Research 12. Something that has never been made before or the process of creating something that has never been made before is called …… a. Breakthrough b. Development c. Invention d. Discovery 13. Belonging or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) received by each animal or plant from its parents is called …… a. Genetic 29 | P a g e
b. Cybernetics c. Molecular Biology d. Genetic Engineering 14. The science of changing the structure of the genes of a living thing in order to make it healthier or stronger or more useful to humans is called …… a. Genetic b. Cybernetics c. Molecular Biology d. Genetic Engineering 15. The machines, wiring, and other physical components of a computer or other electronic system is called …… a. Science b. Software c. Hardware d. Cybernetics 16. An important discovery or event that helps to improve a situation or provide an answer to a problem is called …… a. Development b. Breakthrough c. Innovation d. Research 17. The process in which someone or something grows or changes and becomes more advanced is called …… a. Safeguard b. Discovery c. Development d. Breakthrough 18. The branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures is called …… a. Physics b. Chemistry c. Cybernetics d. Engineering 19. The part of science which studies the basic characteristics of substances and the different ways in which they react or combine with other substances is called …… a. Physics b. Chemistry c. Cybernetics 30 | P a g e
d. Engineering 20. The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment is called …… a. Science b. Research c. Discovery d. Development
31 | P a g e
Chapter 5 Obligation & Option
No . 86 87 88 89 90
Word/Phras e Compulsory Forced Liable For Mandatory Obliged
91 92 93 94
Optional Required To Exempt Voluntary
Explanation required by law or a rule; obligatory obtained or imposed by coercion or physical power legally obligated; responsible required by law or mandate; compulsory to be forced to do something or feel that you must do something available to be chosen but not obligatory officially compulsory, or otherwise considered essential to excuse someone or something from a duty, payment, etc. done, given, or acting of one’s own free will
32 | P a g e
Exercise Obligation & Option Instruction: Arrange the jumbled letters into the correct words/phrases based on the explanations. Word/Phrase l-y-m-s-C-r-p-o-u-o = …………………… d-o-r-c-F-e = …………………… l-i-L-b-a-e r-o-F = …………………… o- r-a-t-a-d-n-y-M = ……………………
Explanation required by law or a rule; obligatory
obtained or imposed by coercion or physical power
legally obligated; responsible
required by law or mandate; compulsory
b-e-l-i-g-O-d =
to be forced to do something or feel that you must do
……………………
something
p-a-t-O-n-i-l-o = …………………… d-i-u-R-e-r-e-q = ……………………
available to be chosen but not obligatory
officially compulsory, or otherwise considered essential
o-T p-E-m-t-e-x =
to excuse someone or something from a duty, payment,
……………………
etc.
r-o-V-u-n-a-t-y-l = ……………………
done, given, or acting of one’s own free will
33 | P a g e
Chapter 6 Arts No. 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113
114
Word/Phra Explanation se the writer of a book, article, play, etc. Author Autobiogra an account of a person’s life written by that person phy a type of dancing where carefully organized movements tell Ballet a story or express an idea Biography an account of someone’s life written by someone else a group of objects of one type that have been collected by Collection one person or in one place a musical performance given in public, typically by several Concert performers or of several compositions Exhibition a public display of works of art or items of interest a room or building for the display or sale of works of art Gallery a long printed story about imaginary characters and events Novel a person who writes novels Novelist a musical play in which most of the words are sung, or Opera plays and music of this type Performan an act of presenting a play, concert, or other form of entertainment ce a dramatic work for the stage or to be broadcast Play literary work in which the expression of feelings and ideas Poetry is given intensity by the use of distinctive style and rhythm a painting, drawing, photograph, or engraving of a person Portrait Publication a book, magazine, newspaper, or document in which information or stories are published a critical appraisal of a book, play, film, etc. published in a Review newspaper or magazine someone who creates sculptures Sculptor the art of forming solid objects that represent a thing, Sculpture person, idea, etc. out of a material such as wood, clay, metal, or stone, or an object made in this way a type of painting or drawing of an arrangement of objects Still Life that do not move, such as flowers, fruit, bowls, etc.
34 | P a g e
Exercise Arts (Part 1) Instruction: Find the words/phrases horizontally, vertically, and diagonally (backwards may be possible).
H
A
Y
E
G
C
N
V
P
D
M
F
K
W
V
O
R
T
X
N
Q
O
O
D
K
N
H
S
J
W
U
W
G
H
P
O
P
L
V
Z
U
D
R
K
Q
J
Y
E
I
D
T
S
I
L
E
V
O
N
V
R
X
R
V
B
O
S
N
S
A
E
L
H
B
O
A
P
I
S
I
C
Q
P
U
G
B
C
I
H
U
C
A
E
O
T
X
L
O
N
U
Y
O
T
V
P
D
L
D
W
I
B
N
H
T
Y
G
U
K
I
Q
G
A
U
T
O
B
I
O
G
R
A
P
H
Y
O
A
Q
C
W
N
M
N
Q
A
E
E
V
C
N
H
N
B
A
L
L
E
T
P
E
L
L
C
L
Y
F
P
Q
X
D
P
K
H
K
I
L
H
W
N
O
M
H
T
M
H
G
Y
Q
R
J
A
K
M
R
O
C
G
E
Z
C
S
S
D
V
F
G
D
C
J
L
C
F
Z
N
V
A
X
A
U
X
B
H
X
T
E
G
L
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Author Autobiography Ballet Biography Collection
6. Concert 7. Exhibition 8. Gallery 9. Novel 10. Novelist
35 | P a g e
Arts (Part 2) Instruction: Find the words/phrases horizontally, vertically, and diagonally (backwards may be possible).
M
U
F
C
E
P
Q
Z
Y
V
A
D
X
P
N
A
I
M
S
C
U
L
P
T
U
R
E
H
O
W
D
L
S
Z
N
S
T
A
Y
U
G
F
I
R
T
L
K
P
G
A
B
T
H
C
O
B
T
U
T
C
H
B
O
T
M
T
Q
I
C
O
A
F
Q
R
E
H
I
P
M
R
X
A
M
L
C
O
Y
H
A
N
Y
R
T
E
O
P
V
E
I
L
U
Q
B
I
J
B
P
Y
I
F
L
B
L
S
W
L
E
G
T
A
A
E
H
L
R
Z
B
C
Y
D
E
I
J
W
A
R
G
K
M
E
U
U
A
E
C
K
I
F
L
V
E
Z
K
Q
P
L
L
Y
P
W
R
R
V
E
C
P
L
V
Z
P
P
D
R
J
U
O
H
H
E
D
O
R
N
T
V
V
W
U
Y
Z
A
N
I
I
R
S
J
O
D
G
J
O
S
K
M
N
U
L
T
V
T
R
B
Q
I
F
F
T
K
V
T
H
X
L
Z
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Opera Performance Play Poetry Portrait
6. Publication 7. Review 8. Sculptor 9. Sculpture 10. Still Life
36 | P a g e
Chapter 7 Geography No. Word/Phrase Explanation the land alongside or sloping down to a river or lake 115 Bank an area of sand or small stones near the sea or another area 116 Beach of water such as a lake a very large piece of land sticking out into the sea 117 Cape a high area of rock with a very steep side, often on a coast 118 Cliff the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or 119 Climate over a long period the land next to or close to the sea 120 Coast the particular shape of the coast, especially as seen from 121 Coastline above, from the sea, or on a map 122 Conurbation a city area containing a large number of people, formed by various towns growing and joining together an area or region with regard to its physical features 123 Country an area of low, flat land, sometimes shaped like a triangle, 124 Delta where a river divides into several smaller rivers before flowing into the sea different or including many different types 125 Diverse describes land that can produce a large number of good 126 Fertile quality crops having a level surface; without raised areas or indentations 127 Flat a large mass of ice that moves slowly 128 Glacier a mountainous area of a country 129 Highlands a naturally raised area of land, not as high or craggy as a 130 Hill mountain having many hills 131 Hilly a narrow road in the countryside or in a town 132 Lane a raised part of the Earth's surface, much larger than a hill, 133 Mountain the top of which might be covered in snow 134 Mountainous having many mountains an opening or entrance to a hollow, concave, or enclosed 135 Mouth structure a very large expanse of sea, in particular each of the main 136 Ocean areas into which the sea is divided geographically the pointed top of a mountain 137 Peak a piece of land almost surrounded by water or projecting 138 Peninsula out into a body of water an area of fairly level high ground 139 Plateau a long, narrow hilltop, mountain range, or watershed 140 Ridge 37 | P a g e
141 Shore 142 Source 143 Stream 144 Summit 145 Track 146 Tributary 147 Valley 148 Vegetation 149 Waterfall
the land along the edge of a sea, lake, or other large body of water the place something comes from or starts at, or the cause of something water that flows naturally along a fixed route formed by a channel cut into rock or ground, usually at ground level the highest point of a hill or mountain a path or rough road that is made of soil rather than having a surface covered with stone or other material a river or stream that flows into a larger river or a lake a low area of land between hills or mountains, typically with a river or stream flowing through it plants in general, or plants that are found in a particular area water, especially from a river or stream, dropping from a higher to a lower point, sometimes from a great height
38 | P a g e
Exercise Geography (Part 1)
Across 1. a city area containing a large number of people, formed by various towns growing and joining together 4. the weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period 5. an area or region with regard to its physical features 8. describes land that can produce a large number of good quality crops 10. a very large piece of land sticking out into the sea
39 | P a g e
Down 1. the land next to or close to the sea 2. area of sand/small stones near the sea or another area of water such as a lake 3. an area of low, flat land, sometimes shaped like a triangle, where a river divides into several smaller rivers before flowing into the sea 5. particular shape of the coast as seen from above, from the sea, or on a map 6. different or including many different types 7. a high area of rock with a very steep side, often on a coast 9. the land alongside or sloping down to a river or lake
40 | P a g e
Geography (Part 2)
Across 3. having many mountains 4. a piece of land almost surrounded by water or projecting out into a body of water 5. having many hills 8. a raised part of the Earth's surface, much larger than a hill, the top of which might be covered in snow 10. a large mass of ice that moves slowly 11. the pointed top of a mountain
41 | P a g e
Down 1. a mountainous area of a country 2. having a level surface; without raised areas or indentations 3. an opening or entrance to a hollow, concave, or enclosed structure 6. a narrow road in the countryside or in a town 7. a naturally raised area of land, not as high or craggy as a mountain 9. a very large expanse of sea, in particular each of the main areas into which the sea is divided geographically
42 | P a g e
Geography (Part 3)
Across 3. the place something comes from or starts at, or the cause of something 5. a long, narrow hilltop, mountain range, or watershed 8. a path or rough road that is made of soil rather than having a surface covered with stone or other material 9. water, especially from a river or stream, dropping from a higher to a lower point, sometimes from a great height 10. a river or stream that flows into a larger river or a lake Down 1. an area of fairly level high ground 2. water that flows naturally along a fixed route formed by a channel cut into rock or ground, usually at ground level 3. the highest point of a hill or mountain 4. plants in general, or plants that are found in a particular area 6. the land along the edge of a sea, lake, or other large body of water 7. a low area of land between hills or mountains, typically with a river or stream flowing through it
43 | P a g e
Chapter 8 Men & Women
No. Word/Phrase 150 Astute 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166
167 168 169 170
Explanation having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one’s advantage the disagreements and fight for power that exist between Battle of the men and women Sexes the member of a family who earns the money that the Breadwinner family needs Child-Rearing the work of taking care of children until they are old enough to look after themselves believing that all people are equally important and Egalitarian should have the same rights and opportunities in life the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or Equality opportunities the use of something in order to get an advantage from it Exploitation the public image of being male or female that a person Gender Role presents to others a house and its occupants regarded as a unit Household the work of keeping a house clean and tidy Housework a man whose behavior and attitude toward women Male indicate a belief that they are innately inferior to men Chauvinist subspecies of Homo sapiens; includes all modern races Modern Man having many different parts Multifaceted Power Struggle an unpleasant or violent competition for power not thinking or worrying about any pain caused to Ruthless others; cruel a person considered inferior in status or rights in Second-Class comparison with some others Citizens a law to prevent unfair treatment of someone because of Sex Discrimination their sex, especially in employment and education Act a person regarded by another only in terms of their Sex Object sexual attractiveness or availability discriminatory on the basis of sex (usually said of men's Sexist attitude toward women) a fixed idea that people have about what someone or Stereotype something is like, especially an idea that is wrong to live together and have a sexual relationship without To Cohabit being married
44 | P a g e
171 To Discriminate 172 Unisex 173 Weaker Sex
to make an unjust or prejudicial distinction in the treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, sex, or age intended for use by both males and females used to refer to women in general
45 | P a g e
Exercise Men & Women (Part 1) Instruction: Match the words in column A with the explanations in column B. A 1. Astute 2. Battle of the Sexes 3. Breadwinner 4. Child-Rearing
5. Egalitarian
6. Equality 7. Exploitation 8. Gender Role
9. Household 10. Housework
B A. the public image of being male or female that a person presents to others B. the work of taking care of children until they are old enough to look after themselves C. the work of keeping a house clean and tidy D. a man whose behavior and attitude toward women indicate a belief that they are innately inferior to men E. having or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one’s advantage F. the disagreements and fight for power that exist between men and women G. subspecies of Homo sapiens; includes all modern races H. believing that all people are equally important and should have the same rights and opportunities in life I. the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities J. the use of something in order to get an advantage from it
11. Male Chauvinist 12. Modern Man
K. a house and its occupants regarded as a unit L. the member of a family who earns the money that the family needs
46 | P a g e
Men & Women (Part 2) Instruction: Match the words in column A with the explanations in column B. A 1. Multifaceted 2. Power Struggle 3. Ruthless 4. Second-Class Citizens 5. Sex Act
Discrimination
6. Sex Object
7. Sexist 8. Stereotype 9. To Cohabit
B A. a person considered inferior in status or rights in comparison with some others B. a person regarded by another only in terms of their sexual attractiveness or availability C. used to refer to women in general D. having many different parts E. a fixed idea that people have about what someone or something is like, especially an idea that is wrong F. to make an unjust or prejudicial distinction in the treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, sex, or age G. to live together and have a sexual relationship without being married H. intended for use by both males and females I. a law to prevent unfair treatment of someone because of their sex, especially in employment and education
10. To Discriminate
11. Unisex 12. Weaker Sex
J. not thinking or worrying about any pain caused to others; cruel K. discriminatory on the basis of sex (usually said of men's attitude toward women) L. an unpleasant or violent competition for power
47 | P a g e
Chapter 9 Education
No. 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191
Word/Phrase Bursary
Explanation an amount of money given to a person by an organization, such as a university, to pay for them to study a set of classes or a plan of study on a particular subject, Course usually leading to an exam or qualification education below the level of a university degree for people Further who are older than school age Education a sum of money given by a government or other Grant organization for a particular purpose education at a college or university where subjects are Higher studied at an advanced level Education Kindergarten an establishment where children below the age of compulsory education play and learn the ability to read and write Literacy a student at a college or university who is older than the Mature usual age Student the ability to understand and work with numbers Numeracy a place for the special use of young children Nursery Opportunity a time or set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something an informal nursery group taking preschool children in Playschool half-day sessions a school for children from the ages of about five to nine, Primary or an elementary school School a planned series of future events or performances Programme a grant or payment made to support a student’s education, Scholarship awarded on the basis of academic or other achievement a high school Secondary School the ability to do something well; expertise Skill to take the examination To Sit the Examination
48 | P a g e
Exercise Education 1. A sum of money given by a government or other organization for a particular purpose is called …… a. Grant b. Bursary c. Programme d. Scholarship 2. A school for children from the ages of about five to nine, or an elementary school is called …… a. Playschool b. Kindergarten c. Primary School d. Secondary School 3. A place for the special use of young children is called …… a. Primary School b. Kindergarten c. Numeracy d. Nursery 4. An informal nursery group taking preschool children in half-day sessions is called …… a. Nursery b. Playschool c. Primary School d. Secondary School 5. An amount of money given to a person by an organization, such as a university, to pay for them to study is called …… a. Grant b. Course c. Bursary d. Scholarship 6. A planned series of future events or performances is called …… a. Course b. Programme c. Literacy d. Opportunity 7. The ability to understand and work with numbers is called …… a. Numeracy b. Literacy 49 | P a g e
c. Course d. Skill 8. A grant or payment made to support a student’s education, awarded on the basis of academic or other achievement is called …… a. Grant b. Course c. Bursary d. Scholarship 9. The ability to do something well is called …… a. Skill b. Course c. Literacy d. Numeracy 10. The ability to read and write is called …… a. Skill b. Course c. Literacy d. Numeracy 11. A time or set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something is called …… a. Course b. Literacy c. Programme d. Opportunity 12. A set of classes or a plan of study on a particular subject, usually leading to an exam or qualification is called …… a. Grant b. Course c. Programme d. Opportunity 13. An establishment where children below the age of compulsory education play and learn is called …… a. Playschool b. Kindergarten c. Primary School d. Secondary School 14. Education below the level of a university degree for people who are older than school age is called …… a. Primary School 50 | P a g e
b. Secondary School c. Further Education d. Higher Education 15. Education at a college or university where subjects are studied at an advanced level is called …… a. Primary School b. Secondary School c. Further Education d. Higher Education
51 | P a g e
Chapter 10 Business & Industry
No. Word/Phrase Explanation the use or introduction of automatic equipment in a 192 Automation manufacturing or other process or facility the total amount by which money spent is more than money 193 Deficit received the desire of consumers, clients, employers, etc. for a 194 Demand particular commodity, service, or other item Gross Domestic Product: the total value of goods and 195 GDP services produced by a country in a year Gross National Product: the total value of goods and 196 GNP services produced by a country in one year, including profits made in foreign countries an occasion when a company stops employing someone, 197 Lay off sometimes temporarily, because the company does not have enough money or enough work provided or owned by an individual or an independent, 198 Private commercial company rather than the state a period when the economy of a country is not successful 199 Recession and conditions for business are bad the income that a government or company receives 200 Revenue regularly the ordinary workers in a factory, or the place where they 201 Shop Floor work a stock or amount of something supplied or available for 202 Supply use to give work to someone and pay them for it 203 To Employ to send goods or services to another country for sale 204 To Export to buy or bring in products from another country 205 To Import
52 | P a g e
Exercise Business & Industry Instruction: Arrange the jumbled letters into the correct words/phrases. Word/Phrase t-i-n-A-o-m-u-t-a-o = …………………… c-e-D-i-t-i-f = …………………… n-D-e-d-a-m = …………………… P-D-G = …………………… N-P-G = …………………… a-L-y f-o-f = ……………………
r-e-t-i-v-a-P = …………………… s-R-o-e-n-s-e-i-c = …………………… n-e-v-u-e-R-e = …………………… p-o-S-h o-F-r-o-l = …………………… p-u-S-y-l-p = …………………… o-T p-y-E-l-o-m = …………………… o-T t-o-p-x-E-r = …………………… o-T p-r-I-t-o-m = ……………………
Explanation the use or introduction of automatic equipment in a manufacturing or other process or facility the total amount by which money spent is more than money received the desire of consumers, clients, employers, etc. for a particular commodity, service, or other item the total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year the total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year, including profits made in foreign countries an occasion when a company stops employing someone, sometimes temporarily, because the company does not have enough money or enough work provided or owned by an individual or an independent, commercial company rather than the state a period when the economy of a country is not successful and conditions for business are bad the income that a government or company receives regularly the ordinary workers in a factory, or the place where they work a stock or amount of something supplied or available for use to give work to someone and pay them for it to send goods or services to another country for sale to buy or bring in products from another country
53 | P a g e
Chapter 11 Social Tension No.
Word/Phras e 206 Asylum
Explanation
the protection granted by a state to someone who has left their home country as a political refugee a person who continues working when fellow workers are 207 Blackleg on strike 208 Community a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common 209 Discriminati the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex on essentially different in kind; not able to be compared 210 Disparate a person who publicly disagrees with and criticizes their 211 Dissident government the mass expulsion or killing of members of one ethnic or 212 Ethnic religious group in an area by those of another Cleansing 213 Exploitation the action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their work the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially 214 Genocide those of a particular nation or ethnic group 215 Harassment behaviour that annoys or upsets someone without a home, and therefore typically living on the streets 216 Homeless the basic rights that it is generally considered all people 217 Human should have, such as justice and the freedom to say what Rights they think 218 Intimidation the action of intimidating someone, or the state of being intimidated travelling from one place to another, usually to work for a 219 Itinerant short period relating to or containing several cultural or ethnic groups 220 Multiwithin a society Cultural 221 Multi-Racial made up of or relating to people of many races a person who has been rejected or ostracized by their 222 Outcast society or social group the state of being extremely poor 223 Poverty an unpleasant or violent competition for power 224 Power Struggle an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially 225 Prejudice when formed without enough thought or knowledge
54 | P a g e
226 Racism
227 Rebel 228 Refugee
229 Riot 230 Sectarian 231 Squatter 232 Unorthodox 233 Unrest
the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics, abilities, or qualities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races a person who shows their disagreement with the ideas of people in authority or of society by behaving differently a person who has escaped from their own country for political, religious, or economic reasons or because of a war a violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd strongly supporting a particular religious group, especially in such a way as not to be willing to accept other beliefs a person who lives in an empty building without permission different from what is usual or expected in behaviour, ideas, methods, etc. disagreements or fighting between different groups of people
55 | P a g e
Exercise Social Tensions (Part 1)
C
E
N
R
T
M
C
U
I
F
D
T
E
J
G
O
B
X
W
S
G
N
J
M
I
A
Y
D
N
A
M
B
H
P
S
L
V
X
S
E
J
I
I
T
U
M
G
T
P
L
K
I
P
X
C
X
S
C
W
P
U
M
X
T
U
O
A
X
Y
B
N
P
O
K
V
N
J
B
F
D
R
I
S
K
A
X
A
N
L
N
I
G
F
K
A
M
O
T
E
P
W
E
E
E
C
T
S
E
T
U
Y
K
L
A
A
B
Q
G
F
H
Y
M
E
L
T
W
C
N
O
T
Q
E
W
A
C
R
H
Y
G
K
C
T
N
E
D
I
S
S
I
D
B
S
C
C
I
C
U
Y
H
L
I
O
S
Z
M
A
V
P
N
J
L
A
W
X
I
D
I
N
C
J
R
G
H
A
N
I
A
L
S
U
W
S
Z
K
Y
S
T
P
X
T
S
Q
W
B
A
U
A
H
H
S
E
D
I
S
C
R
I
M
I
N
A
T
I
O
N
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Asylum Blackleg Community Discrimination Disparate
6. 7. 8. 9.
Dissident Ethnic Cleansing Exploitation Genocide
56 | P a g e
Social Tensions (Part 2)
L
S
N
C
L
Z
L
C
O
I
L
O
L
H
O
R
T
V
O
G
S
T
C
U
A
A
E
G
O
U
H
H
A
Z
I
V
J
J
I
P
L
Q
O
M
G
Y
G
V
Z
D
T
Z
C
A
A
M
V
W
E
E
Z
I
P
H
A
R
A
S
S
M
E
N
T
L
E
R
R
T
J
Y
R
R
D
A
M
Q
W
Z
E
F
Z
N
O
I
I
W
Y
Y
I
V
E
X
H
S
L
P
A
A
T
N
X
Z
F
T
M
S
O
A
S
B
G
M
L
S
L
E
N
F
A
R
I
H
Y
D
E
M
U
R
K
F
A
R
K
P
U
E
T
Z
P
W
M
H
V
R
H
O
L
A
V
E
J
V
N
B
E
T
S
A
C
T
U
O
S
N
H
W
J
O
I
U
L
A
R
U
T
L
U
C
I
T
L
U
M
P
I
G
A
K
Y
B
Z
U
G
H
B
L
A
X
P
X
H
D
W
L
Z
P
E
X
W
H
K
H
S
D
B
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Harassment Homeless Human Rights Intimidation Itinerant
6. 7. 8. 9.
Multi-Cultural Multi-Racial Outcast Poverty
57 | P a g e
Social Tensions (Part 3)
A
D
F
R
Q
I
P
K
F
J
R
R
D
G
E
F
O
I
N
K
Q
O
F
T
U
E
E
M
R
P
J
O
R
N
A
G
W
B
N
V
T
B
I
I
Q
T
W
B
J
W
I
E
O
K
Z
T
E
I
D
K
Y
D
Z
H
G
K
R
Y
M
S
A
L
G
V
R
U
W
S
Y
Y
T
S
A
L
B
U
W
P
H
E
L
N
I
Q
H
E
T
A
T
G
Q
I
E
E
A
F
X
R
O
H
G
R
B
W
C
S
Z
G
U
X
C
H
D
E
Z
B
U
O
F
O
E
U
R
C
A
E
O
B
M
S
E
G
Z
Z
V
F
S
H
U
L
X
Z
I
C
H
T
G
Q
I
E
O
R
D
X
V
F
Z
L
I
U
I
L
H
R
A
C
I
S
M
N
E
C
I
D
U
J
E
R
P
H
U
H
M
Y
R
N
J
J
B
L
Q
T
O
Z
A
D
E
C
B
C
F
P
X
P
S
E
D
H
B
P
Z
P
Q
G
W
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Power Struggle Prejudice Racism Rebel Refugee
6. Riot 7. Sectarian 8. Squatter 9. Unorthodox 10. Unrest
58 | P a g e
Chapter 12 Natural Disaster No. Word/Phrase Explanation something bad that happens that is not expected or intended 234 Accident and that often damages something or injures someone a person injured or killed in a serious accident or war 235 Casualty great destruction or damage 236 Devastation an illness of people, animals, plants, etc., caused by 237 Disease infection or a failure of health rather than by an accident a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a 238 Drought shortage of water the appearance of a particular disease in a large number of 239 Epidemic people at the same time a sudden, often violent outburst 240 Eruption a violent shattering or blowing apart of something, as is 241 Explosion caused by a bomb a situation in which there is not enough food for a great 242 Famine number of people, causing illness and death, or a particular period when this happens an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal 243 Flood limits, especially over what is normally dry land something that causes difficult or unpleasant conditions of 244 Hardship life without a home, and therefore typically living on the streets 245 Homeless a violent wind that has a circular movement 246 Hurricane a disease of the body or mind 247 Illness harmed, damaged, or impaired 248 Injured a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever and 249 Plague delirium a feeling of reassurance and relaxation following release 250 Relief from anxiety or distress physical or mental pain that a person or animal is feeling 251 Suffering a person who is able to continue living their life 252 Survivor successfully despite experiencing difficulties used to refer to very heavy rain 253 Torrential a violent wind that has a circular movement 254 Typhoon a person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, 255 Victim accident, or other event or action a mountain with a large, circular hole at the top through 256 Volcano which lava, gases, steam, and dust have been forced out suffering from physical injury 257 Wounded 59 | P a g e
Exercise Natural Disaster (Part 1)
Across 3. a situation in which there is not enough food for a great number of people, causing illness and death, or a particular period when this happens 5. a sudden, often violent outburst 6. something bad that happens that is not expected or intended and that often damages something or injures someone 7. a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water 9. a person injured or killed in a serious accident or war 10. something that causes difficult or unpleasant conditions of Life
60 | P a g e
Down 1. an illness of people, animals, plants, etc., caused by infection or a failure of health rather than by an accident 2. great destruction or damage 3. an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is normally dry land 4. the appearance of a particular disease in a large number of people at the same time 5. a violent shattering or blowing apart of something, as is caused by a bomb 8. without a home, and therefore typically living on the streets
61 | P a g e
Natural Disaster (Part 2)
Across 2. a violent wind that has a circular movement 7. used to refer to very heavy rain 8. physical or mental pain that a person or animal is feeling 9. harmed, damaged, or impaired 10. a disease of the body or mind 11. a mountain with a large, circular hole at the top through which lava, gases, steam, and dust are or have been forced out
62 | P a g e
Down 1. a violent wind that has a circular movement 3. a contagious bacterial disease characterized by fever and delirium 4. a person harmed or killed as a result of a crime, accident and event or action 5. a feeling of reassurance and relaxation following release from anxiety 6. suffering from physical injury 8. a person who is able to continue living their life successfully despite experiencing difficulties
63 | P a g e
Chapter 13 Money & Finance No. Word/Phrase Explanation a sum of money paid regularly to a person to meet needs 258 Allowance or expenses an arrangement with a bank in which the customer puts in 259 Bank and removes money and the bank keeps a record of it account a printed record of the money put into and removed from a 260 Bank bank account statement having no money 261 Bankrupt something on sale at a lower price than its true value 262 Bargain having completely run out of money 263 Broke a financial organization which pays interest on 264 Building investments by its members and lends capital for the society purchase or improvement of houses money in the form of notes and coins, rather than cheques 265 Cash or credit cards a printed form, used instead of money, to make payments 266 Cheque from your bank account 267 Corporation tax paid by businesses on their profits Tax 268 Cost of living the amount of money that a person needs to live a small plastic card issued by a bank, building society, 269 Credit Card etc., allowing the holder to purchase goods or services on credit the money that is used in a particular country at a 270 Currency particular time a bank account that a person can take money from at any 271 Current time and that usually earns little or no interest account the official department that administers and collects the 272 Customs duties levied by a government on imported goods something, especially money, that is owed to someone 273 Debt else, or the state of owing something reduction of the general level of prices in an economy 274 Deflation a sum of money paid into a bank or building society 275 Deposit account a bank account that pays interest and is usually not able to 276 Deposit be drawn on without notice or loss of interest account a reduction in the usual price 277 Discount (a part of) the profit of a company that is paid to the 278 Dividend people who own shares in it
64 | P a g e
279 Economical 280 Excise duty 281 Exorbitant 282 Expenditure 283 Extravagant 284 Frugal 285 Income Tax 286 Inflation 287 Inheritance tax 288 Inland Revenue 289 Interest 290 Investment
291 Loan
292 Loss 293 Mortgage
294 Negative Equity 295 On credit 296 Overdraft
297 Overdrawn 298 Overpriced 299 Priceless
not using a lot of money, fuel, etc. a tax on some types of goods such as alcohol, cigarettes, or petrol paid to a national or state government unreasonably high the total amount of money that an organization or person spends spending or costing a lot of money careful to use only as much money, food, etc. as is necessary a tax on the money that a person earns from working or that a company earns from the sale of products or services an increase in prices over time, causing a reduction in the value of money a tax paid on the value of the property, money, and other assets of someone who has died public revenue consisting of income tax and some other direct taxes money that is charged by a bank or other financial organization for lending money the act of putting money into a business to buy new stock, machines, etc., or a sum of money that is invested in a business in this way money that someone borrows from a bank or other financial organization for a period of time during which they pay interest a situation in which a business or an organization spends more money than it earns, or loses money in another way a legal agreement to borrow money from a bank or other financial organization, especially to buy a house or other property, or the amount of money borrowed a situation in which a house, etc. has become less valuable than the amount that is owed to the bank that lent the money to buy it with an arrangement to pay later an amount of money that a customer with a bank account is temporarily allowed to owe to the bank, or the agreement which allows this having taken more money out of a bank account than the account contained used to describe something that costs more than it is worth used to describe something with such a high value that its price cannot be calculated, especially because it is rare
65 | P a g e
300 Profit
301 Receipt 302 Reduction 303 Shares
304 Social Security 305 Stocks 306 To borrow
307 To credit 308 To debit 309 To Economise 310 To invest
311 To lend
312 To save 313 To withdraw 314 Wealthy 315 Worthless
money that is earned in trade or business, especially after paying the costs of producing and selling goods and services the total amount of money received by a business or government an amount by which the price of something is reduced one of the units that the ownership of a company, fund, etc. is divided into and which can be bought by members of the public a system of payments by the government to people who are ill, poor, or have no job part of the ownership of a company that people have as an investment in the form of shares to take money from a bank or other financial organization with the intention of paying it back over a period of time, usually with interest added on to add (an amount of money) to an account to remove (an amount of money) from a customer’s account to try to save money by reducing the amount that you are spending to put money into financial schemes, shares, property, or a commercial venture with the expectation of achieving a profit to allow a person or organization the use of a sum of money under an agreement to pay it back later, typically with interest to keep and store up (something, especially money) for future use to take money out of an account having a great deal of money, resources, or assets; rich having no value in money
66 | P a g e
Exercise Money & Finance (Part 1)
Instruction: Match the words in column A with the explanations in column B. A B 1. Allowance 2. Bank account
3. Bank statement 4. Bankrupt
5. Bargain 6. Broke 7. Building society
8. Cash 9. Cheque 10. Corporation Tax
11. Cost of living 12. Credit Card
13. Currency 14. Current account
15. Customs
A. having no money B. a small plastic card issued by a bank, building society, etc., allowing the holder to purchase goods or services on credit C. money in the form of notes and coins, rather than cheques or credit cards D. a financial organization which pays interest on investments by its members and lends capital for the purchase or improvement of houses E. tax paid by businesses on their profits F. the amount of money that a person needs to live G. a printed form, used instead of money, to make payments from your bank account H. the money that is used in a particular country at a particular time I. a sum of money paid regularly to a person to meet needs or expenses J. the official department that administers and collects the duties levied by a government on imported goods K. something on sale at a lower price than its true value L. a bank account that a person can take money from at any time and that usually earns little or no interest M. a printed record of the money put into and removed from a bank account N. an arrangement with a bank in which the customer puts in and removes money and the bank keeps a record of it O. having completely run out of money
67 | P a g e
Money & Finance (Part 2) Instruction: Match the words in column A with the explanations in column B. A 1. Debt 2. Deflation
3. Deposit
B A. careful to use only as much money, food, etc. as is necessary B. a tax on the money that a person earns from working or that a company earns from the sale of products or services C. an increase in prices over time, causing a reduction in the value of money
4. Deposit account 5. Discount 6. Dividend
7. Economical 8. Excise duty 9. Exorbitant 10. Expenditure
11. Extravagant 12. Frugal 13. Income Tax
D. unreasonably high E. reduction of the general level of prices in an economy F. a tax on some types of goods such as alcohol, cigarettes, or petrol paid to a national or state government G. spending or costing a lot of money H. something, especially money, that is owed to someone else, or the state of owing something I. a tax paid on the value of the property, money, and other assets of someone who has died J. a bank account that pays interest and is usually not able to be drawn on without notice or loss of interest K. not using a lot of money, fuel, etc. L. (a part of) the profit of a company that is paid to the people who own shares in it M. a sum of money paid into a bank or building society account
14. Inflation 15. Inheritance tax
N. a reduction in the usual price O. the total amount of money that an organization or person spends
68 | P a g e
Money & Finance (Part 3) Instruction: Match the words in column A with the explanations in column B. A
B
1. Inland Revenue A. used to describe something that costs more than it is worth 2. Interest B. an amount of money that a customer with a bank account is temporarily allowed to owe to the bank, or the agreement which allows this 3. Investment C. with an arrangement to pay later 4. Loan
D. an amount by which the price of something is reduced
5. Loss
E. a situation in which a house, etc. has become less valuable than the amount that is owed to the bank that lent the money to buy it F. money that is earned in trade or business, especially after paying the costs of producing and selling goods and services G. used to describe something with such a high value that its price cannot be calculated, especially because it is rare H. a legal agreement to borrow money from a bank or other financial organization, especially to buy a house or other property, or the amount of money borrowed I. money that someone borrows from a bank or other financial organization for a period of time during which they pay interest J. money that is charged by a bank or other financial organization for lending money K. the total amount of money received by a business or government L. a situation in which a business or an organization spends more money than it earns, or loses money in another way M. the act of putting money into a business to buy new stock, machines, etc., or a sum of money that is invested in a business in this way N. public revenue consisting of income tax and some other direct taxes O. having taken more money out of a bank account than the account contained
6. Mortgage
7. Negative Equity 8. On credit
9. Overdraft
10. Overdrawn 11. Overpriced 12. Priceless 13. Profit
14. Receipt 15. Reduction
69 | P a g e
Money & Finance (Part 4) Instruction: Match the words in column A with the explanations in column B. Word/Phrase 1. Shares
2. Social Security
3. Stocks 4. To borrow 5. To credit 6. To debit 7. To Economise 8. To invest 9. To lend 10. To save 11. To withdraw 12. Wealthy
13. Worthless
Explanation A. to take money from a bank or other financial organization with the intention of paying it back over a period of time, usually with interest added on B. to allow a person or organization the use of a sum of money under an agreement to pay it back later, typically with interest C. having no value in money D. having a great deal of money, resources, or assets; rich E. to keep and store up (something, especially money) for future use F. to take money out of an account G. part of the ownership of a company that people have as an investment in the form of shares H. a system of payments by the government to people who are ill, poor, or have no job I. to remove (an amount of money) from a customer’s account J. to add (an amount of money) to an account K. to try to save money by reducing the amount that you are spending L. one of the units that the ownership of a company, fund, etc. is divided into and which can be bought by members of the public M. to put money into financial schemes, shares, property, or a commercial venture with the expectation of achieving a profit
70 | P a g e
Chapter 14 Travel No.
Word/Phras e 316 Bed and Breakfast 317 Cruise
Explanation
sleeping accommodation for a night and a meal in the morning, provided in guest houses and hotels a journey on a large ship for pleasure, during which you visit several places a feeling of confusion felt by someone visiting a country or 318 Culture place that they do not know Shock 319 Ecotourism tourism directed towards exotic natural environments, intended to support conservation efforts and observe wildlife 320 Emigration the act of leaving one’s own country to settle permanently in another; moving abroad a short journey or trip, especially one taken as a leisure 321 Excursion activity a person who lives outside their native country 322 Expatriate provision of accommodation and all meals at a hotel or 323 Full-Board guest house 324 Half-Board provision of bed, breakfast, and one main meal at a hotel or guest house 325 Illegal Alien someone who goes to live or work in another country when they do not have the legal right to do this 326 Immigration the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country group travel to a destination for purposes of leisure 327 Mass Tourism a small traveling bag to carry clothing and accessories for 328 Overnight staying overnight Bag 329 Persona Non a person who is not wanted or welcome in a particular country, because they are unacceptable to its government Grata (Latin) a person who has escaped from their own country for 330 Refugee political, religious, or economic reasons or because of a war an expedition to observe or hunt animals in their natural 331 Safari habitat offering facilities for people to cook their own meals 332 SelfCatering a short journey by air 333 Short-Haul Flight
71 | P a g e
334 Sightseeing Holiday 335 Suitcase 336 To Acclimatise 337 To Deport
338 To Disembark 339 Travel Agency
the activity of visiting interesting places, especially by people on holiday a large, rectangular case with a handle for carrying clothes and possessions while travelling to become accustomed to a new climate or new conditions; adjust to force someone to leave a country, especially someone who has no legal right to be there or who has broken the law to leave a ship, aircraft, etc. after a journey a company or shop that makes travel arrangements for people
72 | P a g e
Exercise Travel Instruction: Choose the correct answers. 1. A large, rectangular case with a handle for carrying clothes and possessions while travelling is called …… a. Safari b. Cruise c. Suitcase d. Overnight bag 2. The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country is called …… a. Excursion b. Emigration c. Ecotourism d. Immigration 3. A person who lives outside their native country is called …… a. Refugee b. Expatriate c. Illegal Alien d. Persona Non Grata 4. An expedition to observe or hunt animals in their natural habitat is called …… a. Safari b. Cruise c. Excursion d. Ecotourism 5. Provision of accommodation and all meals at a hotel or guest house is called …… a. Full-Board b. Half-Board c. Self-Catering d. Bed and Breakfast 6. Provision of bed, breakfast, and one main meal at a hotel or guest house is called …… a. Full-Board b. Half-Board c. Self-Catering d. Bed and Breakfast 7. Group travel to a destination for purposes of leisure is called …… a. Safari 73 | P a g e
b. Excursion c. Ecotourism d. Mass Tourism 8. Someone who goes to live or work in another country when they do not have the legal right to do this is called …… a. Refugee b. Expatriate c. Illegal Alien d. Persona Non Grata 9. A small traveling bag to carry clothing and accessories for staying overnight is called …… a. Safari b. Cruise c. Suitcase d. Overnight bag 10. Offering facilities for people to cook their own meals is called …… a. Full-Board b. Half-Board c. Self-Catering d. Bed and Breakfast 11. The act of leaving one’s own country to settle permanently in another is called …… a. Excursion b. Emigration c. Ecotourism d. Immigration 12. A short journey or trip, especially one taken as a leisure activity is called …… a. Excursion b. Emigration c. Ecotourism d. Immigration 13. A journey on a large ship for pleasure, during which you visit several places is called …… a. Safari b. Cruise c. Excursion d. Ecotourism 14. Sleeping accommodation for a night and a meal in the morning, provided in guest houses and hotels is called …… 74 | P a g e
a. Full-Board b. Half-Board c. Self-Catering d. Bed and Breakfast 15. A short journey by air is called …… a. Ecotourism b. Mass Tourism c. Short-Haul Flight d. Sightseeing Holiday 16. The activity of visiting interesting places, especially by people on holiday is called …… a. Sightseeing Holiday b. Short-Haul Flight c. Mass Tourism d. Ecotourism 17. A person who has escaped from their own country for political, religious, or economic reasons or because of a war is called …… a. Refugee b. Expatriate c. Illegal Alien d. Persona Non Grata 18. A person who is not wanted or welcome in a particular country, because they are unacceptable to its government is called …… a. Refugee b. Expatriate c. Illegal Alien d. Persona Non Grata 19. Tourism directed towards exotic natural environments, intended to support conservation efforts and observe wildlife is called …… a. Safari b. Excursion c. Ecotourism d. Mass Tourism 20. A feeling of confusion felt by someone visiting a country or place that they do not know is called …… a. Illegal Alien b. Culture Shock c. Full-Board d. Half-Board
75 | P a g e
Chapter 15 Environment No. Word/Phrase 340 Acid Rain
341 Bottle Bank
342 Captivity 343 Carbon Dioxide 344 CFC Gas
345 Climate Change 346 Conservation
347 Degradation 348 Ecosystem 349 Emission 350 Endangered Species 351 Environmentalist
352 Erosion 353 Extinct 354 Fossil Fuel 355 Genetically Modified (GM) 356 Global Warming
Explanation rain that contains large amounts of harmful chemicals as a result of burning substances such as coal and oil a large container into which people put empty bottles and other glass objects so that the glass can be used again the situation in which a person or animal is kept somewhere and is not allowed to leave the gas formed when carbon is burned, or when people or animals breathe out a gas used in fridges and, in the past, in aerosols (= a metal container in which liquids are kept under pressure and forced out in drops) the way the world's weather is changing the protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and interesting and important structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effects of human activity the process in which the beauty or quality of something is destroyed or spoiled all the living things in an area and the way they affect each other and the environment the production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation a species of animal or plant that is seriously at risk of extinction a person who studies the environment or believes that it must be protected from damage by human activities the gradual reduction or destruction of something no longer in existence a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms describes a plant or animal that has had some of its genes changed scientifically a gradual increase in world temperatures caused by gases such as carbon dioxide that are collecting in the air around the Earth and stopping heat escaping into space
76 | P a g e
357 Green Belt 358 Greenhouse Effect
359 Overfishing 360 Ozone Layer
361 Rain Forest 362 Sea Level 363 To Recycle
364 To Reuse 365 Waste 366 Waste Disposal
367 Wildlife
a strip of countryside round a city or town where building is not allowed an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere that is believed to be the cause of a gradual warming of the surface of the Earth catching too many fish in an area of the sea so that there are not many fish left there a layer of air containing ozone high above the Earth that prevents harmful ultraviolet light from the sun from reaching the Earth a forest in a hot area of the world that receives a lot of rain the average height of the sea where it meets the land to collect and treat used objects and materials that are ready to be thrown out in order to produce materials that can be used again to use something again unwanted or unusable material, substances, or byproducts an electrical machine, connected to a kitchen sink, that cuts up food waste so that it will flow easily through the pipes animals and plants that grow independently of people, usually in natural conditions
77 | P a g e
Exercise Environment (Part 1) Word/Phrase d-A-i-c n-a-R-i = …………………… t-e-t-B-l-o k-a-n-B = ……………………
Explanation rain that contains large amounts of harmful chemicals as a result of burning substances such as coal and oil a large container into which people put empty bottles and other glass objects so that the glass can be used again the situation in which a person or animal is kept somewhere and is not allowed to leave
v-y-p-i-t-a-C-i-t = …………………… b-a-r-C-o-n x-i-e-i-d-o-D = the gas formed when carbon is burned, or when …………………… people or animals breathe out C-C-F s-a-G = …………………… a gas used in fridges and, in the past, in aerosols
l-a-m-i-t-e-C g-a-h-n-e-C = the way the world's weather is changing …………………… v-e-n-o-r-a-n-s-i-C-t-o = the protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and …………………… interesting and important structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effects of human activity g-i-r-o-D-a-d-a-t-e-n = the process in which the beauty or quality of …………………… something is destroyed or spoiled c-E-t-o-s-e-m-s-y = all the living things in an area and the way they affect …………………… each other and the environment s-i-s-i-m-o-n-E = the production and discharge of something, especially …………………… gas or radiation n-E-r-g-e-d-a-n-d-e a species of animal or plant that is seriously at risk of c-e-S-i-p-e-s extinction = …………………… n-i-m-o-l-E-v-i-r-s-n-e-n- a person who studies the environment or believes that t-a-t = …………………… it must be protected from damage by human activities s-E-n-o-i-r-o = the gradual reduction or destruction of something …………………… x-i-t-c-E-n-t = no longer in existence ……………………
78 | P a g e
Environment (Part 2) Word/Phrase
Explanation
o-s-F-l-i-s l-u-F-e = ……………………… e-c-e-n-i-G-t-a-l-y-l f-o-d-i-M-i-e-d = ……………………… b-o-G-l-a-l m-W-a-g-n-ir= ………………………
a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms
G-e-n-r-e l-e-B-t = ……………………… n-u-G-h-e-r-e-s-e-o c-E-f-t-e-f = ……………………… O-h-i-r-g-e-f-v-s-i-n = ……………………… z-O-e-n-o r-e-y-a-L = ……………………… n-a-R-i r-e-s-t-o-F = ……………………… e-S-a v-e-L-e-l = ……………………… o-T c-e-c-y-R-e-l = ……………………… o-T e-s-e-R-u = ……………………… t-e- s-a-W = ……………………… s-a-t-e-W p-l-i-s-o-D-a-s = ……………………… d-i-l-f-l-i-W-e = ………………………
describes a plant or animal that has had some of its genes changed scientifically a gradual increase in world temperatures caused by gases such as carbon dioxide that are collecting in the air around the Earth and stopping heat escaping into space a strip of countryside round a city or town where building is not allowed an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere that is believed to be the cause of a gradual warming of the surface of the Earth catching too many fish in an area of the sea so that there are not many fish left there a layer of air containing ozone high above the Earth that prevents harmful ultraviolet light from the sun from reaching the Earth a forest in a hot area of the world that receives a lot of rain the average height of the sea where it meets the land to collect and treat used objects and materials that are ready to be thrown out in order to produce materials that can be used again to use something again unwanted or unusable material, substances, or byproducts an electrical machine, connected to a kitchen sink, that cuts up food waste so that it will flow easily through the pipes animals and plants that grow independently of people, usually in natural conditions 79 | P a g e
Chapter 16 Healthcare No. Word/Phrase 368 Aromatherap y 369 Artery 370 371
372 373
374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389
Explanation the use of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils for healing and cosmetic purposes one of the thick tubes that carry blood from the heart to other parts of the body a disease causing painful inflammation and stiffness of Arthritis the joints the red liquid that is sent around the body by the heart, Blood and carries oxygen and important substances to organs and tissue, and removes waste products a measure of the pressure at which the blood flows Blood through the body Pressure a serious disease that is caused when cells in the body Cancer grow in a way that is uncontrolled and not normal, killing normal cells and often causing death a substance containing a lot of fat that is found in the Cholesterol body tissue and blood of all animals movement to and from or around something, especially Circulation that of fluid in a closed system a person who provides expert advice professionally Consultant able to be cured Curable an act or instance of reducing something Cutback the food and drink usually eaten or drunk by a person or Diet group an illness that disrupts normal physical or mental Disorder functions treatment that deals with the whole person, not just the Holistic injury or disease Medicine a disease of the body or mind Illness the cells and tissues in the body that make it able to Immuneprotect itself against infection System not able to be cured Incurable a disease in a part of your body that is caused by bacteria Infection or a virus Inflammation a red, painful, and often swollen area in or on a part of the body a place in the body where two bones are connected Joint Mental Health the condition of someone's mind and the fact that they are suffering from any mental illness or not a chemical that your body needs to stay healthy Mineral 80 | P a g e
390 Muscle 391 Operating Theatre 392 Overweight 393 Pill 394 Prescription 395 Prevention 396 Protein
397 Remedy 398 Rheumatism 399 Specialist 400 Strain 401 Stress-related 402 Substance 403 Surgeon 404 Surgery
405 Tablet 406 Therapeutic 407 Therapy 408 To Cure 409 To Relieve 410 Underfunding 411 Virus
one of many tissues in the body that can tighten and relax to produce movement a special room in which people are operated on in a hospital above a weight considered normal or desirable a small solid piece of medicine that a person swallows without chewing a piece of paper on which a doctor writes the details of the medicine or drugs that someone needs the act of stopping something from happening or of stopping someone from doing something one of the many substances found in food such as meat, cheese, fish, or eggs, that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong a successful way of curing an illness or dealing with a problem or difficulty a medical condition that causes stiffness and pain in the joints or muscles of the body doctor with special training and knowledge in a particular area of medicine an injury to a muscle or similar soft part of the body caused by using that part too much associated with or caused by stress or mental fatigue material with particular physical characteristics a doctor who is specially trained to perform medical operations the treatment of injuries or diseases in people or animals by cutting open the body and removing or repairing the damaged part a small, solid piece of medicine causing someone to feel happier and more relaxed or to be more healthy a treatment that helps someone feel better, grow stronger, etc., especially after an illness to relieve (a person or animal) of the symptoms of a disease or condition to cause (pain, distress, or difficulty) to become less severe or serious a situation in which something is given less money than it needs a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms
81 | P a g e
412 Vitamin 413 Vulnerable 414 Welfare State
415 WHO
any of a group of natural substances that are necessary in small amounts for the growth and good health of the body able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked a system that allows the government of a country to provide social services such as healthcare, unemployment benefit, etc. to people who need them, paid for by taxes World Health Organization
82 | P a g e
Exercise Healthcare (Part 1)
E
H
C
D
G
N
Z
U
D
Y
P
M
J
A
R
Q
R
O
O
P
F
S
Y
A
P
L
S
L
R
E
Y
E
U
T
N
D
E
I
A
A
S
O
T
T
C
X
R
K
S
J
S
O
G
H
R
R
C
P
H
N
X
L
E
O
S
O
U
G
Z
E
N
X
N
R
A
M
N
B
T
B
E
C
L
T
H
F
M
X
I
C
R
B
X
Q
R
U
R
S
T
T
D
I
E
T
K
G
I
S
M
R
A
E
P
D
A
M
R
C
I
L
I
D
X
A
S
L
Y
O
D
M
N
K
Y
S
E
X
V
B
A
O
F
O
I
B
O
X
T
X
I
Y
B
L
N
H
P
L
J
I
A
R
O
G
Y
Z
H
E
K
C
A
B
T
U
C
F
A
H
L
X
C
F
Y
C
I
R
C
U
L
A
T
I
O
N
B
E
U
U
N
W
U
Y
X
Z
O
M
B
U
Z
E
M
F
P
O
R
V
N
V
E
Q
E
V
J
M
Q
S
D
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Aromatherapy Artery Arthritis Blood Blood Pressure Cancer
7. Cholesterol 8. Circulation 9. Consultant 10. Curable 11. Cutback 12. Diet
83 | P a g e
Healthcare (Part 2)
P
B
F
U
R
K
P
L
S
O
K
J
Z
X
I
H
F
X
C
A
N
B
O
E
V
G
W
S
T
Y
O
T
N
L
X
Z
X
K
A
V
U
I
O
R
C
L
H
N
M
S
X
I
B
C
P
A
W
G
Q
N
I
U
O
N
M
Y
R
O
W
H
O
F
C
G
D
S
F
I
A
B
M
E
N
T
A
L
H
E
A
L
T
H
T
H
J
D
E
R
T
A
E
H
T
G
N
I
T
A
R
E
P
O
Z
I
U
S
T
L
K
O
C
R
M
D
D
L
I
K
W
E
N
N
Y
W
A
M
X
M
N
I
S
C
N
S
Y
P
I
C
D
S
E
R
A
X
S
L
J
S
F
H
H
O
W
O
U
D
E
L
E
O
W
L
A
U
E
O
J
L
G
L
I
R
F
N
R
N
D
P
J
M
C
M
C
Q
O
C
E
N
A
D
U
N
I
F
L
Y
T
A
J
K
I
A
I
G
E
B
V
M
W
M
L
W
I
M
P
N
B
M
G
R
R
G
L
D
M
X
C
B
O
T
E
S
S
E
N
L
L
I
M
E
I
I
O
Y
N
W
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Disorder Holistic Medicine Illness Immune-System Incurable Infection
7. Inflammation 8. Joint 9. Mental Health 10. Mineral 11. Muscle 12. Operating Theatre
84 | P a g e
Healthcare (Part 3)
G
R
P
I
L
L
N
P
Z
C
T
N
S
L
F
D
R
H
M
H
I
D
F
L
H
Y
O
P
Y
X
T
E
L
E
A
N
N
S
G
A
S
I
E
D
Y
D
K
T
R
U
I
O
I
Z
U
M
T
C
E
L
N
U
T
A
I
M
E
E
B
O
J
P
I
M
V
S
S
B
C
L
W
A
S
G
E
B
I
A
E
B
I
Z
M
I
R
E
T
T
Y
R
E
R
L
R
V
Y
S
O
E
F
A
R
P
I
N
U
C
I
Z
O
Y
N
V
Z
N
W
H
S
Z
S
L
S
S
Z
I
T
O
S
C
Q
L
U
T
S
J
M
E
T
A
Z
N
I
E
T
O
R
P
S
H
E
C
R
F
R
Q
I
S
U
Z
R
G
J
M
A
F
R
P
T
V
N
P
R
E
V
E
N
T
I
O
N
E
T
V
W
A
H
W
Y
F
J
U
U
H
S
N
T
C
S
M
V
Y
K
D
F
F
R
I
A
S
O
S
B
K
H
L
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Overweight Pill Prescription Prevention Protein Remedy
7. Rheumatism 8. Specialist 9. Strain 10. Stress-related 11. Substance 12. Surgeon
85 | P a g e
Healthcare (Part 4)
V
R
T
W
V
H
J
U
V
F
T
G
O
R
G
U
R
T
D
D
K
J
R
A
E
P
I
F
N
T
L
I
A
H
H
E
G
F
L
E
J
N
I
O
X
N
U
V
O
E
A
Z
B
P
J
O
D
R
V
B
E
C
D
D
K
R
A
P
G
E
N
E
G
I
O
R
W
W
P
N
T
A
M
C
U
L
O
Y
W
M
A
H
O
P
E
G
K
P
F
I
X
V
P
S
N
B
O
W
E
L
F
A
R
E
S
T
A
T
E
I
L
C
G
Y
S
J
E
V
O
U
V
C
B
I
M
E
O
V
J
P
D
E
F
B
A
T
G
D
W
A
U
O
N
I
N
A
A
W
Z
U
C
I
K
L
T
G
E
V
U
R
I
R
F
P
A
P
F
C
R
I
W
C
U
U
A
U
M
E
L
S
W
B
N
H
V
X
Z
X
B
E
K
S
N
H
Z
U
V
K
B
S
Y
R
E
G
R
U
S
B
F
T
O
C
U
R
E
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Surgery Tablet Therapeutic Therapy To Cure To Relieve Underfunding
8. Virus 9. Vitamin 10. Vulnerable 11. Welfare State 12. WHO (World Health Organization)
86 | P a g e
Chapter 17 Crime & Law
No. Word/Phrase 416 Attorney 417 Barrister 418 Burglar 419 Burglary 420 Conviction
421 Court
422 Deed 423 Defendant 424 Deterrent 425 Espionage 426 Evidence 427 Forger 428 Forgery 429 Hijacker 430 Hooligan 431 Hooliganism 432 Innocent 433 Judge 434 Jury
435 Law-Abiding
Explanation a person, typically a lawyer, appointed to act for another in business or legal matters a person called to the bar and entitled to practise as an advocate, particularly in the higher courts a person who illegally enters buildings and steals things the crime of illegally entering a building and stealing things the fact of officially being found to be guilty of a particular crime, or the act of officially finding someone guilty a place where trials and other legal cases happen, or the people present in such a place, especially the officials and those deciding if someone is guilty an action that is performed intentionally or consciously an individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law a thing that discourages or is intended to discourage someone from doing something the practice of spying or of using spies, typically by governments to obtain political and military information one or more reasons for believing that something is or is not true a person who produces fraudulent copies or imitations the action of forging a copy or imitation of a document, signature, banknote, or work of art a person who hijacks a violent person who fights or causes damage in public places disruptive or unlawful behavior such as rioting, bullying, and vandalism not guilty of a crime or offence a public officer appointed to decide cases in a law court a group of people who have been chosen to listen to all the facts in a trial in a law court and to decide if a person is guilty or not guilty, or if a claim has been proved obedient to the laws of society
87 | P a g e
436 Lawyer 437 Lenient 438 Misdeed 439 Murder 440 Murderer 441 Offender 442 Parole
443 Piracy 444 Pirate 445 Proof 446 Punishment 447 Rape
448 Rapist 449 Retribution 450 Revenge 451 452 453 454
Robber Robbery Shoplifter Shoplifting
455 Smuggler 456 Solicitor
457 Spy 458 Statement 459 Terrorism 460 Terrorist
someone whose job is to give advice to people about the law and speak for them in court not as severe or strong in punishment or judgment as would be expected an act that is criminal or bad the crime of intentionally killing a person someone who illegally and intentionally kills another person a person who commits an illegal act permission for a prisoner to be released before their period in prison is finished, with the agreement that they will behave well the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea a person who attacks and robs ships at sea evidence or argument establishing a fact or the truth of a statement the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offence the crime, typically committed by a man, of forcing another person to have sexual intercourse with the offender against their will a man who commits rape punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act the action of hurting or harming someone in return for an injury or wrong suffered at their hands a person who commits robbery the crime of stealing from somewhere or someone a person who commits shoplifting the illegal act of taking goods from a shop without paying for them someone who takes things or people to or from a place secretly and often illegally a type of lawyer in Britain and Australia who is trained to prepare cases and give advice on legal subjects and can represent people in lower courts a person who secretly collects and reports information about the activities of another country or organization a formal account of events given by a witness, defendant, or other party to the police or in a court of law the unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims a person using terrorism in the pursuit of political aims 88 | P a g e
461 To Accuse 462 To Acquit 463 To Admit 464 To Arrest 465 To Charge 466 To Convict 467 To Deny 468 To Hijack 469 To Prosecute
470 To Punish
471 To Rearrest 472 To Reform 473 To Rehabilitate 474 To Release 475 To Sentence 476 Vandal 477 Vandalism 478 Victim 479 Witness 480 Wrongdoer
to charge someone with an offence or crime to decide officially in a law court that someone is not guilty of a particular crime to confess to a crime or fault, or one’s responsibility for it to seize (someone) by legal authority and take them into custody to formally accuse (someone) of something, especially an offence under law to decide officially in a law court that someone is guilty of a crime to say that something is not true to take over something and use it for a different purpose to officially accuse someone of committing a crime in a law court, or (of a lawyer) to try to prove that a person accused of committing a crime is guilty of that crime to cause someone who has done something wrong or committed a crime to suffer, by hurting them, forcing them to pay money, sending them to prison, etc to arrest (someone) again to cause (someone) to relinquish an immoral, criminal, or self-destructive lifestyle to return someone or something to a good or healthy condition, state, or way of living to give freedom or free movement to someone or something to declare the punishment decided for an offender a person who intentionally damages property belonging to other people the crime of intentionally damaging property belonging to other people a person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or other event or action a person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident, take place a person who behaves illegally or dishonestly; an offender
89 | P a g e
Exercise Crime & Law (Part 1)
Across 1. the crime of illegally entering a building and stealing things 6. a person who produces fraudulent copies or imitations 7. an action that is performed intentionally or consciously 9. one or more reasons for believing that something is or is not true 10. a place where trials and other legal cases happen, or the people present in such a place, especially the officials and those deciding if someone is guilty 11. the fact of officially being found to be guilty of a particular crime, or the act of officially finding someone guilty
90 | P a g e
Down 1. a person called to the bar and entitled to practise as an advocate, particularly in the higher courts 2. a lawyer, appointed to act for another in business or legal matters 3. a person who illegally enters buildings and steals things 4. the practice of spying or of using spies, typically by governments to obtain political and military information 5. an individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law 8. a thing that discourages someone from doing something
91 | P a g e
Crime & Law (Part 2)
Across 1. a violent person who fights or causes damage in public places 5. disruptive or unlawful behavior such as rioting, bullying, and vandalism 6. not as severe or strong in punishment or judgment as would be expected 7. the action of forging a copy or imitation of a document, signature, banknote, or work of art 8. a group of people who have been chosen to listen to all the facts in a trial in a law court and to decide if a person is guilty or not guilty, or if a claim has been proved 9. the crime of intentionally killing a person 10. someone who illegally and intentionally kills another person
92 | P a g e
Down 2. not guilty of a crime or offence 3. a person who hijacks 4. an act that is criminal or bad 6. someone who give advice to people about the law and speak for them in court 8. a public officer appointed to decide cases in a law court
93 | P a g e
Crime & Law (Part 3)
Across 2. evidence or argument establishing a fact or the truth of a statement 6. a man who commits rape 8. the action of hurting or harming someone in return for an injury or wrong suffered at their hands 9. permission for a prisoner to be released before their period in prison is finished, with the agreement that they will behave well 10. a person who secretly collects and reports information about the activities of another country or organization 11. the crime, typically committed by a man, of forcing another person to have sexual intercourse with the offender against their will 12. punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act
94 | P a g e
Down 1. the crime of stealing from somewhere or someone 2. a person who attacks and robs ships at sea 3. a person who commits robbery 4. a person who commits an illegal act 5. the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea 7. the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offence
95 | P a g e
Crime & Law (Part 4)
Across 3. the crime of intentionally damaging property belonging to other people 7. a person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident, take place 9. a person who uses terrorism in the pursuit of political aims 10. the unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims 11. a formal account of events given by a witness, defendant, or other party to the police or in a court of law Down 1. the illegal act of taking goods from a shop without paying for them 2. a person who behaves illegally or dishonestly; an offender 3. a person who intentionally damages property belonging to other people 4. a person who commits shoplifting 5. someone taking things or people to or from a place secretly and often illegally 6. a type of lawyer in Britain and Australia who is trained to prepare cases and give advice on legal subjects and can represent people in lower courts 8. a person hamed or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or other event
96 | P a g e
Chapter 18 Family
No. Word/Phrase 481 Adolescence 482 Birth Rate 483 Broken Home 484 Childcare
485 Dependant 486 Divorced 487 Juvenile Delinquency 488 Kin 489 Lenient 490 Minor 491 492 493 494
Relationship Relative Sibling Single-Parent
495 Split Up 496 Supervision 497 To Abuse 498 To Nurture
499 To Rear Up 500 Upbringing 501 Well-Adjusted
Explanation the period of time in a person's life when they are developing into an adult the number of births that happen during a period of time in a particular place a family in which the parents are divorced or separated care for children provided by either the government, an organization, or a person, while parents are at work or are absent for another reason a person who relies on another, especially a family member, for financial support married in the past but not now married a young person who commits crimes family and relations not as severe or strong in punishment or judgment as would be expected having little importance, influence, or effect, especially when compared with other things of the same type the way in which two things are connected a person connected by blood or marriage a brother or sister someone who has a child or children but no husband, wife, or partner who lives with them an occasion when two people end their relationship the act of watching a person or activity and making certain that everything is done correctly, safely, etc. to use something for the wrong purpose in a way that is harmful or morally wrong to take care of, feed, and protect someone or something, especially young children or plants, and help them to develop to bring up and care for (a child) until they are fully grown the treatment and instruction received by a child from its parents throughout its childhood mentally and emotionally stable
97 | P a g e
Exercise Family (Part 1) Instruction: Match the words in column A with the explanations in column B. A 1. Adolescence 2. Birth Rate 3. Broken Home
4. Childcare 5. Dependant 6. Divorced 7. Juvenile Delinquency 8. Kin
9. Lenient 10. Minor
B A. a young person who commits crimes B. a person who relies on another, especially a family member, for financial support C. having little importance, influence, or effect, especially when compared with other things of the same type D. married in the past but not now married E. not as severe or strong in punishment or judgment as would be expected F. family and relations G. a family in which the parents are divorced or separated H. care for children provided by either the government, an organization, or a person, while parents are at work or are absent for another reason I. the period of time in a person's life when they are developing into an adult J. the number of births that happen during a period of time in a particular place
98 | P a g e
Family (Part 2) Instruction: Match the words in column A with the explanations in column B. A 1. Relationship
2. Relative
3. Sibling 4. Single-Parent 5. Split Up 6. Supervision
B A. the act of watching a person or activity and making certain that everything is done correctly, safely, etc. B. to take care of, feed, and protect someone or something, especially young children or plants, and help them to develop C. the treatment and instruction received by a child from its parents throughout its childhood D. to use something for the wrong purpose in a way that is harmful or morally wrong E. a person connected by blood or marriage F. mentally and emotionally stable
7. To Abuse 8. To Nurture 9. To Rear Up
G. a brother or sister H. an occasion when two people end their relationship I. someone who has a child or children but no husband, wife, or partner who lives with them
10. Upbringing 11. Well-Adjusted
J. the way in which two things are connected K. to bring up and care for (a child) until they are fully grown
99 | P a g e
Chapter 19 Food & Diet
No. Word/Phrase 502 Anorexia
503 Anorexic 504 Bulimia
505 Calorie 506 Carbohydrate
507 Cholesterol 508 Consumption 509 Eating Disorder 510 Fast Food
511 Fat
512 Fibre
513 Food
514 Food Poisoning 515 GM 516 Malnourished 517 Malnutrition
Explanation a serious illness often resulting in dangerous weight loss, in which a person does not eat, or eats too little, for psychological reasons suffering from or relating to anorexia a mental illness in which someone eats in an uncontrolled way and in large amounts, then vomits intentionally a unit of energy, often used as a measurement of the amount of energy that food provides one of several substances, such as sugar or starch, that provide the body with energy, or foods containing these substances such as bread, potatoes, pasta, and rice a substance containing a lot of fat that is found in the body tissue and blood of all animals the act of using, eating, or drinking something a mental illness in which people eat far too little or far too much food and are unhappy with their bodies hot food such as burgers that is quick to cook or is already cooked and is therefore served very quickly in a restaurant a natural oily substance occurring in animal bodies, especially when deposited as a layer under the skin or around certain organs dietary material containing substances such as cellulose, lignin, and pectin, that are resistant to the action of digestive enzymes any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink or that plants absorb in order to maintain life and growth illness caused by bacteria or other toxins in food, typically with vomiting and diarrhoea written abbreviation for GRAM (a unit of mass equal to 0.001 kilograms) suffering from malnutrition lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat
100 | P a g e
518 Mineral 519 Monounsaturated Fat 520 Nutrition 521 Nutritional 522 Nutritionist 523 Nutritious 524 Obese 525 Overweight 526 Polyunsaturated Fat 527 Protein
528 Roughage 529 Salmonella 530 Saturated Fat 531 Scarcity 532 To Consume 533 Underweight 534 Unsaturated Fat
535 Vegan 536 Vegetarian
537 Vitamin
a chemical that your body needs to stay healthy a fat or oil such as olive oil that is thought to be healthier than saturated fat because its chemical structure contains one double bond the substances that you take into your body as food and the way that they influence your health relating to nutrition a person who studies or is an expert in nutrition containing many of the substances needed for life and growth extremely fat above a weight considered normal or desirable a fat or oil with a chemical structure that does not easily change into cholesterol because it contains several double bonds one of the many substances found in food such as meat, cheese, fish, or eggs, that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong fibre a bacterium that occurs mainly in the gut, especially a serotype causing food poisoning a type of fat found in meat, eggs, milk, cheese, etc. that is thought to be bad for health a situation in which something is not easy to find or get to eat, drink, or ingest (food or drink) below a weight considered normal or desirable a fat or oil that is either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated, found in plants, vegetable oil, and fish, and thought to be better for health than saturated fat a person who does not eat or use animal products a person who does not eat meat or fish, and sometimes other animal products, especially for moral, religious, or health reasons any of a group of natural substances that are necessary in small amounts for the growth and good health of the body
101 | P a g e
Exercise Food & Diet (Part 1) 1. Any of a group of natural substances that are necessary in small amounts for the growth and good health of the body is called …… a. Fibre b. protein c. vitamin d. Carbohydrate 2. A person who does not eat meat or fish, and sometimes other animal products, especially for moral, religious, or health reasons is called …… a. Vegan b. Dietician c. Nutritionist d. Vegetarian 3. A person who does not eat or use animal products is called …… a. Vegan b. Dietician c. Vegetarian d. Nutritionist 4. A fat or oil found in plants, vegetable oil, and fish is called …… a. Saturated Fat b. Unsaturated Fat c. Polyunsaturated Fat d. Monounsaturated Fat 5. Below a weight considered normal or desirable is called …… a. Fat b. Obese c. Overweight d. Underweight 6. A type of fat found in meat, eggs, milk, cheese, etc. that is thought to be bad for health is called …… a. Saturated Fat b. Unsaturated Fat c. Polyunsaturated Fat
102 | P a g e
d. Monounsaturated Fat 7. A bacterium that occurs mainly in the gut, especially a serotype causing food poisoning is called …… a. Fibre b. Roughage c. Salmonella d. Cholesterol 8. One of the many substances found in food such as meat, cheese, fish, or eggs, that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong is called …… a. Fibre b. protein c. vitamin d. mineral 9. A fat or oil with a chemical structure that does not easily change into cholesterol because it contains several double bonds is called …… a. Saturated Fat b. Unsaturated Fat c. Polyunsaturated Fat d. Monounsaturated Fat 10. Above a weight considered normal or desirable is called …… a. Fat b. Obese c. Overweight d. Underweight 11. Extremely fat is called …… a. Fat b. Obese c. Overweight d. Underweight 12. Containing many of the substances needed for life and growth is called …… a. Nutrition b. Nutritious c. Nutritional d. Nutritionist
103 | P a g e
13. A person who studies or is an expert in nutrition is called …… a. Dietician b. Nutritious c. Nutritional d. Nutritionist 14. The substances that you take into your body as food and the way that they influence your health is called …… a. Calorie b. Nutrition c. Cholesterol d. Carbohydrate 15. A fat or oil such as olive oil is called …… a. Saturated Fat b. Unsaturated Fat c. Polyunsaturated Fat d. Monounsaturated Fat 16. A chemical that your body needs to stay healthy is called …… a. Fibre b. Calorie c. Mineral d. Vitamin 17. Lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat is called …… a. Anorexia b. Malnutrition c. Food Poisoning d. Eating Disorder 18. Illness caused by bacteria or other toxins in food, typically with vomiting and diarrhea is called …… a. Anorexia b. Malnutrition c. Food Poisoning d. Eating Disorder
104 | P a g e
19. Any nutritious substance that people or animals eat or drink or that plants absorb in order to maintain life and growth is called …… a. Food b. Mineral c. Vitamin d. Nutrition 20. Dietary material containing substances such as cellulose, lignin, and pectin, that are resistant to the action of digestive enzymes is called …… a. Fibre b. protein c. vitamin d. mineral 21. A natural oily substance occurring in animal bodies, especially when deposited as a layer under the skin or around certain organs is called …… a. Fat b. Fibre c. protein d. vitamin 22. Fibre is also called …… a. Fat b. Calorie c. Mineral d. Roughage
23. A mental illness in which people eat far too little or far too much food and are unhappy with their bodies is called …… a. Bulimia b. Malnutrition c. Food Poisoning d. Eating Disorder 24. The act of using, eating, or drinking something is called …… a. Scarcity b. Nutritional c. Consumption
105 | P a g e
d. Malnourished 25. A substance containing a lot of fat that is found in the body tissue and blood of all animals is called …… a. Calorie b. Protein c. Cholesterol d. Carbohydrate 26. One of several substances, such as sugar or starch, that provide the body with energy, or foods containing these substances such as bread, potatoes, pasta, and rice is called …… a. Calorie b. Protein c. Cholesterol d. Carbohydrate 27. A unit of energy, often used as a measurement of the amount of energy that food provides is called …… a. Calorie b. Protein c. Cholesterol d. Carbohydrate 28. A mental illness in which someone eats in an uncontrolled way and in large amounts, then vomits intentionally is called …… a. Bulimia b. Malnutrition c. Food Poisoning d. Eating Disorder 29. A serious illness often resulting in dangerous weight loss, in which a person does not eat, or eats too little, for psychological reasons is called …… a. Bulimia b. Anorexia c. Malnutrition d. Eating Disorder
106 | P a g e
30. Suffering from or relating to anorexia is called …… a. Bulimia b. Anorexic c. Malnutrition d. Food Poisoning
107 | P a g e
Chapter 20 On The Road
No. Word/Phrase Explanation a place on a road that is considered to be dangerous 538 Black Spot because several accidents have happened there a post that is put in the middle or at the end of a road to 539 Bollard keep vehicles off or out of a particular area a device for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, 540 Brake typically by applying pressure to the wheels 541 Carriageway one of the two halves of a main road the strip of land between the carriageways of a motorway 542 Central or other major road Reservation describes roads and towns where there is too much traffic 543 Congestion and movement is made difficult a place where two roads meet and cross each other 544 Crossroads a type of heavy oil used as fuel 545 Diesel the crime of driving a vehicle with an excess of alcohol in 546 Drinkthe blood Driving a death caused by an accident or by violence, or someone 547 Fatality who has died in either of these ways a sum of money required to be paid as a penalty for an 548 Fine offense a hardened strip alongside a motorway for stopping on in 549 Hard an emergency Shoulder a public road, especially an important road that joins cities 550 Highway or towns together the official set of rules and guidance for road users 551 Highway Code physical harm or damage to someone's body caused by an 552 Injury accident or an attack a place where things, especially roads or railways, come 553 Junction together the edge of a raised path nearest the road 554 Kerb a large vehicle used for transporting goods 555 Lorry a dual-carriageway road designed for fast traffic, with 556 Motorway relatively few places for joining or leaving a path with a hard surface on one or both sides of a road, 557 Pavement that people walk on a person who is walking, especially in an area where 558 Pedestrian vehicles go
108 | P a g e
559 Pedestrian Crossing 560 Pelican Crossing 561 Slip Road 562 Speeding 563 To Accelerate 564 To Cut In 565 To Dominate 566 To Overtake 567 To Skid 568 569 570 571
To Subsidise To Swerve Traffic Traffic Cone
572 Van 573 Zebra Crossing
a special place in a road where traffic must stop to allow people to walk across a pedestrian crossing with traffic lights operated by pedestrians a short road on which vehicles join or leave a main road driving faster than is allowed in a particular area to begin to move more quickly to pull in too closely in front of another vehicle after having overtaken it to have control over a place or person to come from behind another vehicle or a person and move in front of them to slide on slippery ground or as a result of stopping or turning too quickly to pay part of the cost of something to change or cause to change direction abruptly vehicles moving on a public highway a plastic cone-shaped object that is used to separate off or close sections of a road a covered motor vehicle, typically without side windows, used for transporting goods or people an area of road painted with broad white stripes, where vehicles must stop if pedestrians wish to cross
109 | P a g e
Exercise On the Road (Part 1) Word/Phrase c-B-l-k-a t-o-p-S = .............................. d-o-l-B-l-a-r = .............................. k-e-B-a-r = .............................. r-a-g-i-C-r-e-y-a-a-w = .............................. l-a-n-t-e-r-C v-i-t-e-s-e-n-a-R-o-r = .............................. s-o-g-e-t-n-o-n-i-C = .............................. s-C-a-r-s-o-r-d-o-s = .............................. e-l-i-s-e-D = .............................. r-D-k-n-i g-r-i-v-i-n-D = .............................. t-y-a-F-l-i-t-a = .............................. n-i-F-e = .............................. d-H-r-a d-o-S-r-u-l-e-h = .............................. y-h-a-w-H-g-i = .............................. w-H-a-y-i-h-g d-o-e-C = .............................. j-I-r-u-y-n = .............................. u-c-t-i-n-J-o-n = .............................. r-L-y-o-r = ..............................
Explanation a place on a road that is considered to be dangerous because several accidents have happened there a post that is put in the middle or at the end of a road to keep vehicles off or out of a particular area a device for slowing or stopping a moving vehicle, typically by applying pressure to the wheels one of the two halves of a main road the strip of land between the carriageways of a motorway or other major road describes roads and towns where there is too much traffic and movement is made difficult a place where two roads meet and cross each other a type of heavy oil used as fuel the crime of driving a vehicle with an excess of alcohol in the blood a death caused by an accident or by violence, or someone who has died in either of these ways a sum of money required to be paid as a penalty for an offense a hardened strip alongside a motorway for stopping on in an emergency a public road, especially an important road that joins cities or towns together the official set of rules and guidance for road users physical harm or damage to someone's body caused by an accident or an attack a place where things, especially roads or railways, come together a large vehicle used for transporting goods
110 | P a g e
On the Road (Part 2) Word/Phrase y-o-M-w-a-t-o-r = .............................. m-a-t-e-v-P-e-n = .............................. d-a-n-t-e-r-s-e-P-i = .............................. s-e-P-e-n-t-a-d-i-r s-C-o-r-s-i-n-g = .............................. n-i-P-l-a-c-e n-C-g-o-r-si-s = .............................. p-l-i-S d-o-R-a = .............................. d-e-e-p-S-i-n-g = .............................. o-T c-A-t-l-e-e-r-a-c-e = .............................. o-T t-u-C n-I = .............................. o-T i-D-a-o-n-t-e-m = .............................. o-T t-O-v-a-k-e-e-r = .............................. o-T k-i-d-S = .............................. o-T u-d-i-S-s-i-s-e-b = .............................. o-T r-e-v-S-e-w = .............................. f-r-a-c-f-i-T = .............................. c-a-r-T-f-i-f neCo = .............................. a-n-V = ..............................
Explanation a dual-carriageway road designed for fast traffic, with relatively few places for joining or leaving a path with a hard surface on one or both sides of a road, that people walk on a person who is walking, especially in an area where vehicles go a special place in a road where traffic must stop to allow people to walk across a pedestrian crossing with traffic lights operated by pedestrians a short road on which vehicles join or leave a main road driving faster than is allowed in a particular area to begin to move more quickly to pull in too closely in front of another vehicle after having overtaken it to have control over a place or person to come from behind another vehicle or a person and move in front of them to slide on slippery ground or as a result of stopping or turning too quickly to pay part of the cost of something to change or cause to change direction abruptly vehicles moving on a public highway a plastic cone-shaped object that is used to separate off or close sections of a road a covered motor vehicle, typically without side windows, used for transporting goods or people
111 | P a g e
Chapter 21 Architecture No.
Word/Phrase
574 Architect 575 Art Deco 576 Attic 577 Basement 578 Bungalow 579 Castle 580 Cellar 581 Concrete 582 Cottage 583 Derelict Detached House 585 Elegant Energy586 Efficient 587 Eyesore 584
Explanation a person whose job is to design new buildings and make certain that they are built correctly a style of decoration that was especially popular in the 1930s and uses simple shapes and lines and strong colours the space or room at the top of a building, under the roof, often used for storing things a part of a building consisting of rooms that are partly or completely below the level of the ground a house that has only one storey (= level) a large strong building, built in the past by a ruler or important person to protect the people inside from attack a room under the ground floor of a building, usually used for storing things a very hard building material made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones, and water a small house, usually in the countryside describes buildings or places that are not cared for and are in bad condition a house that is not connected to any other building graceful and stylish in appearance or manner
using little electricity, gas, etc. a thing that is very ugly, especially a building the front of a building, especially a large or attractive 588 Façade building the level of a building that is at the same level as the 589 First Floor (US) street the structures below the surface of the ground that 590 Foundations support a building a hard, transparent material, used to make windows, 591 Glass bottles, and other objects the level of a building that is at the same level as the 592 Ground Floor street 593 High-Tech very modern looking or made with modern materials 594 Low-Cost relatively inexpensive; cheap
112 | P a g e
595 Maisonette 596 Manor House 597 Mansion 598 Palace 599 Porch 600 Prefabricated 601 Preservation 602 Renovation 603 Roof 604
Semi-Detached house
605
Shopping Centre
Shopping Mall (US) 607 Skyscraper 608 Slum 609 Staircase 606
610 Steel
a set of rooms for living in, typically on two storeys of a larger building and having a separate entrance a large country house with lands a large, impressive house a large house that is the official home of a king, queen, or other person of high social rank a covered structure in front of the entrance to a building describes buildings or objects built from parts that have been made in a factory and can be put together quickly the act of keeping something the same or of preventing it from being damaged the act of repairing and improving something, especially a building the covering that forms the top of a building, vehicle, etc. a house that is joined to another similar house on only one side a group of shops with a common area for cars to park, which usually provides goods and services for local people a large usually covered shopping area where cars are not allowed a very tall modern building, usually in a city a house or building unfit for human habitation a set of stairs and its surrounding walls or structure a strong metal that is a mixture of iron and carbon, used for making things that need a strong structure, especially vehicles and buildings
the hard, solid substance found in the ground that is often used for building, or a piece of this 612 Terraced House a house that is joined to the houses on either side of it by shared walls a long piece of wood used for building, especially 613 Timber houses and ships to build something or put together different parts to 614 To Construct form something whole designed so as to look attractive or to serve its purpose 615 Well-Designed well 611 Stone
113 | P a g e
Exercise Architecture (Part 1)
H
X
J
Z
E
W
C
E
S
C
G
Q
C
C
K
I
I
K
T
N
D
T
I
S
O
I
A
A
F
Z
Y
F
W
O
N
E
V
X
T
T
S
B
P
J
M
V
U
H
L
R
E
E
N
I
T
Z
P
B
J
D
O
G
Q
C
A
T
M
Q
L
A
A
K
F
D
I
E
W
N
R
T
R
B
E
X
G
T
B
W
R
A
N
O
Q
Y
W
W
T
M
S
E
R
P
A
Y
V
C
U
P
X
E
O
F
D
R
A
L
L
E
C
F
S
U
L
P
R
L
U
W
E
C
B
Z
T
S
U
U
E
D
N
R
A
L
Y
P
C
F
T
G
F
A
P
L
R
P
F
G
Q
I
C
L
O
Z
H
Q
Y
N
X
I
H
F
N
T
C
E
T
I
H
C
R
A
W
N
S
F
J
U
Z
X
H
M
R
Z
T
Z
P
B
I
H
Z
N
B
M
N
O
C
X
D
K
U
I
D
E
R
E
L
I
C
T
N
Q
I
M
Z
P
P
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Architect Art Deco Attic Basement Bungalow
6. Castle 7. Cellar 8. Concrete 9. Cottage 10. Derelict
114 | P a g e
Architecture (Part 2)
E
V
R
E
Y
E
S
O
R
E
S
F
D
E
H
W
N
Y
O
W
L
Q
Y
R
C
O
U
E
Z
C
W
O
E
O
O
Q
O
R
I
U
X
T
T
C
E
G
X
T
R
S
L
W
W
N
W
S
T
A
F
T
L
T
I
I
G
L
F
D
C
K
J
T
C
E
H
A
F
L
O
G
Y
A
T
K
O
N
S
H
I
G
S
E
D
P
E
T
E
Q
S
A
S
X
E
W
I
S
V
L
I
I
K
C
F
G
R
K
T
D
S
H
T
N
S
O
F
F
T
E
F
Q
I
X
H
V
T
E
P
N
A
Q
H
L
H
G
I
J
F
O
C
I
Z
S
Y
O
T
E
T
W
F
P
C
V
U
T
I
R
O
O
L
F
D
N
U
O
R
G
I
S
Y
U
F
G
Q
N
X
X
T
I
C
P
C
O
E
F
F
U
D
R
L
N
R
C
M
S
L
S
R
A
N
E
A
T
C
J
O
B
P
O
D
H
N
I
F
A
T
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Detached House Elegant Energy-Efficient Eyesore First Floor
6. Foundations 7. Glass 8. Ground Floor 9. High-Tech 10. Low-Cost
115 | P a g e
Architecture (Part 3)
P
S
F
L
M
I
Y
K
O
E
D
Z
N
C
P
X
R
D
U
K
A
R
T
L
M
S
B
L
O
R
X
O
E
T
T
E
N
O
S
I
A
M
R
O
E
F
Z
S
F
P
A
J
S
J
D
R
C
T
C
S
I
C
U
S
A
U
S
T
I
O
H
B
U
F
E
J
F
O
X
N
B
A
F
K
O
F
O
O
R
R
O
J
H
Y
C
D
R
X
O
T
N
Z
L
G
V
B
X
R
B
F
W
R
I
N
U
K
O
S
Z
A
S
H
O
P
P
I
N
G
C
E
N
T
R
E
T
Z
P
N
A
I
C
Z
W
A
A
T
W
Z
R
I
B
P
A
L
C
S
B
I
U
D
T
N
G
O
O
I
Q
M
A
U
H
M
Q
X
C
Y
E
U
U
N
L
E
N
C
T
M
O
A
I
O
X
R
D
V
C
R
L
Q
E
R
A
M
N
H
Q
G
K
C
C
R
B
Z
J
K
L
R
E
N
O
V
A
T
I
O
N
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Maisonette Manor House Mansion Palace Porch
6. Prefabricated 7. Preservation 8. Renovation 9. Roof 10. Shopping Centre
116 | P a g e
Architecture (Part 4)
L
E
O
F
X
N
L
M
L
Y
T
W
K
I
Z
S
O
S
C
X
O
U
R
S
O
V
E
J
D
W
C
H
S
A
P
A
D
I
C
Z
O
L
R
K
W
S
U
O
P
C
Y
P
O
P
C
W
L
W
F
I
J
L
C
P
I
R
N
Y
Y
M
K
D
J
X
B
H
W
U
Z
P
S
I
G
A
G
L
E
G
X
K
D
D
T
M
T
I
L
A
M
C
X
S
S
C
A
W
U
Y
R
N
E
N
K
T
D
J
I
B
Q
H
P
Q
U
T
E
V
T
G
D
S
H
G
A
R
R
W
C
X
T
E
M
A
D
M
O
W
N
N
E
X
T
Z
S
V
F
Q
Y
X
H
A
M
E
M
B
O
R
E
P
A
R
C
S
Y
K
S
L
D
Y
M
A
N
K
S
T
O
N
E
L
N
G
R
L
O
I
R
T
E
R
R
A
C
E
D
H
O
U
S
E
T
M
L
I
P
L
M
R
J
W
E
V
K
G
R
Q
L
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Shopping Mall Skyscraper Slum Staircase Steel
6. Stone 7. Terraced House 8. Timber 9. To Construct 10. Well-Designed
117 | P a g e
Chapter 22 Politics
No. Word/Phrase Explanation 616 Ambassador an important official who works in a foreign country representing his or her own country there, and who is officially accepted in this position by that country 617 Authoritarian demanding that people obey completely and refusing to allow them freedom to act as they wish 618 Bureaucracy a system for controlling or managing a country, company, or organization that is operated by a large number of officials employed to follow rules carefully someone working in a bureaucracy 619 Bureaucrat an election that happens at a different time from a main 620 By-Election election, to choose a Member of Parliament to replace one who has died or left his or her job a person who is nominated for election 621 Candidate 622 Constituency a group of voters in a specified area who elect a representative to a legislative body the belief in freedom and equality between people, or a 623 Democracy system of government based on this belief, in which power is either held by elected representatives or directly by the people themselves 624 Dictatorship a country ruled by a dictator a time when people vote in order to choose someone for a 625 Election political or official job the group of people who represent their country in a 626 Embassy foreign country an election in which the people living in a country vote to 627 General choose the government Election a legislative or deliberative assembly 628 House a set of beliefs or principles, especially one on which a 629 Ideology political system, party, or organization is based 630 Independenc freedom from being governed or ruled by another country e a person who is elected or chosen to be the leader of the 631 Mayor group who governs a town or city a person who has been elected to the parliament of a 632 Member of country Parliament (MP) a country that has a king or queen 633 Monarchy strong disagreement 634 Opposition 118 | P a g e
635 Parliament 636 Party
637 Policy
638 Referendum
639 Representati ve 640 Republic 641 Revolution 642 Sanctions
643 Scandal 644 Technocrats
645 The House of Lords 646 To Elect 647 To Vote
648 Totalitarian
649 VicePresident
the group of elected politicians or other people who make the laws for their country a formally constituted political group that contests elections and attempts to form or take part in a government a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed officially by a group of people, a business organization, a government, or a political party a vote in which all the people in a country or an area are asked to give their opinion about or decide an important political or social question someone who speaks or does something officially for another person or group of people a country without a king or queen, usually governed by elected representatives of the people and a president a change in the way a country is governed, usually to a different political system and often using violence or war measures taken by a state to coerce another to conform to an international agreement or norms of conduct, typically in the form of restrictions on trade or official sporting participation an action or event that causes a public feeling of shock and strong moral disapproval a person with a lot of scientific or technical knowledge who has an important position in a government or in an industry one of the two parts of the UK parliament, whose members are not elected but have a high social position, or its members, or the place where it meets to choose (someone) to hold public office or some other position by voting to express your choice or opinion, especially by officially writing a mark on a paper or by raising your hand or speaking in a meeting of or being a political system in which those in power have complete control and do not allow people freedom to oppose them the person who has the position immediately below the president in some countries, and who is responsible for the president's duties if he or she is unable to do them
119 | P a g e
Exercise Politics (Part 1)
Across 1. a person who is nominated for election 7. voters in a specified area electing a representative to a legislative body 8. the belief in freedom and equality between people, or a system of government based on this belief, in which power is either held by elected representatives or directly by the people themselves 9. someone working in a bureaucracy 10. demanding that people obey completely and refusing to allow them freedom to act as they wish
120 | P a g e
Down 2. an important official who works in a foreign country representing his or her own country there, and who is officially accepted in this position by that country 3. a country ruled by a dictator 4. a time when people vote to choose someone for a political or official job 5. the group of people who represent their country in a foreign country 6. a system for controlling or managing a country, company, or organization that is operated by a large number of officials employed to follow rules carefully
121 | P a g e
Politics (Part 2)
Across 3. a legislative or deliberative assembly 4. freedom from being governed or ruled by another country 7. strong disagreement 9. a person who is elected or chosen to be the leader of the group who governs a town or city 10. a formally constituted political group that contests elections and attempts to form or take part in a government
122 | P a g e
Down 1. a vote in which all the people in a country or an area are asked to give their opinion about or decide an important political or social question 2. a set of beliefs or principles, especially one on which a political system, party, or organization is based 5. a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed officially by a group of people, a business organization, a government, or a political party 6. a country that has a king or queen 8. the group of elected politicians or other people who make the laws for their country
123 | P a g e
Politics (Part 3)
Across 3. a change in the way a country is governed, usually to a different political system and often using violence or war 5. measures taken by a state to coerce another to conform to an international agreement or norms of conduct, typically in the form of restrictions on trade or official sporting participation 6. a country without a king or queen, usually governed by elected representatives of the people and a president
124 | P a g e
Down 1. action or event that causes a public feeling of shock and strong moral disapproval 2. of or being a political system in which those in power have complete control and do not allow people freedom to oppose them 3. someone who speaks or does something officially for another person or group of people 4. a person with a lot of scientific or technical knowledge who has an important position in a government or in an industry
125 | P a g e
Chapter 23 Work
No. 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669
670 671
Word/Phrase Explanation describes people who do work needing strength or Blue-Collar physical skill rather than office work a person who is competing to get a job or elected position Candidate needing a lot of time, attention, or energy Demanding someone who is paid to work for someone else Employee a person or organization that employs people Employer an act of removing someone from their job Firing used to describe investments such as bonds that pay the Fixedsame amount of money every month, year, etc. Income an act of starting to employ someone Hiring something, especially money, that encourages a person or Incentive organization to do something a regular increase in the amount that someone is paid Increment the people and activities involved in one type of business Industry that produces goods or offers services a person who answers questions in an interview to see Interviewee whether they are suitable for a job or course the person who asks the questions in an interview to find Interviewer out if someone is suitable for a job or course Job Security the fact of your job being permanent, so that you will probably not lose it a period of time that someone is allowed away from work Leave for holiday, illness, or another special reason a person whose job involves physical work Manual Worker Manufacturi an industry that produces goods rather than services, or these industries considered as a group ng Industry time spent working after the usual time needed or Overtime expected in a job an increase in the amount of money you earn for doing Pay Rise your job a regular income paid by a government or a financial Pension organization to someone who no longer works, usually because of their age or health an advantage or extra thing, such as money or goods, Perk which you are given for doing your job the process or fact of giving someone a higher or more Promotion 126 | P a g e
672
Recruitment
673
Salary
674
678
SelfEmployed Semi-Skilled Service Industry Sickness Benefit Steady Job
679 680
Unskilled Wage
681
White-Collar
675 676 677
important job the process of employing new people to work for a company or organization the total amount of money that an employee is paid every year to do their job, or one of the payments they receive each month as part of this working for oneself as a freelance or the owner of a business rather than for an employer having or needing only a small amount of training all the businesses that provide services, or a particular group of these businesses time away from work for illness or extra money to help with illness that a company offers to workers work that is likely to continue for a long time and for which you will be paid regularly not having or requiring special skill or training a fixed regular payment earned for work or services, typically paid on a daily or weekly basis relating to people who work in offices, doing work that needs mental rather than physical effort
127 | P a g e
Exercise Work (Part 1) Instruction: Match the words in column A with the explanations in column B. A
B
1. Blue-Collar
6. Firing 7. Fixed-Income
A. an act of removing someone from their job B. a person who answers questions in an interview to see whether they are suitable for a job or course C. a regular increase in the amount that someone is paid D. something, especially money, that encourages a person or organization to do something E. used to describe investments such as bonds that pay the same amount of money every month, year, etc. F. a person whose job involves physical work G. someone who is paid to work for someone else
8. Hiring 9. Incentive
H. needing a lot of time, attention, or energy I. a person or organization that employs people
10. Increment
J. the person who asks the questions in an interview to find out if someone is suitable for a job or course K. describes people who do work needing strength or physical skill rather than office work L. the fact of your job being permanent, so that you will probably not lose it M. an act of starting to employ someone
2. Candidate
3. Demanding 4. Employee 5. Employer
11. Industry 12. Interviewee 13. Interviewer 14. Job Security
15. Leave 16. Manual Worker
N. a period of time that someone is allowed away from work for holiday, illness, or another special reason O. a person who is competing to get a job or elected position P. the people and activities involved in one type of business that produces goods or offers services
128 | P a g e
Work (Part 2) Word/Phrase 1. Manufacturing Industry 2. Overtime 3. Pay Rise 4. Pension
5. Perk 6. Promotion
7. Recruitment 8. Salary
9. Self-Employed 10. Semi-Skilled 11. Service Industry
12. Sickness Benefit
13. Steady Job
14. Unskilled 15. Wage 16. White-Collar
Explanation A. an advantage or extra thing, such as money or goods, which you are given for doing your job B. the process of employing new people to work for a company or organization C. having/needing only a small amount of training D. the total amount of money that an employee is paid every year to do their job, or one of the payments they receive each month as part of this E. working for oneself as a freelance or the owner of a business rather than for an employer F. time away from work for illness or extra money to help with illness that a company offers to workers G. an increase in the amount of money you earn for doing your job H. relating to people who work in offices, doing work that needs mental rather than physical effort I. work that is likely to continue for a long time and for which you will be paid regularly J. time spent working after the usual time needed or expected in a job K. a regular income paid by a government or a financial organization to someone who no longer works, usually because of their age or health L. a fixed regular payment earned for work or services, typically paid on a daily or weekly basis M. an industry that produces goods rather than services, or these industries considered as a group N. the process or fact of giving someone a higher or more important job O. not having or requiring special skill or training P. all the businesses that provide services, or a particular group of these businesses
129 | P a g e
LAMPIRAN 1 DAFTAR IRREGULAR VERBS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Infinitive abide arise awake be bear beat become befall beget begin behold bend beseech bet/R bid bite bleed blend blow break breed bring build burn burst buy cast catch chide choose cleave cling come cost creep crow cut deal
Past abode arose awoke was, were bore beat became befell begot began beheld bent besought bet bid bit bled blent blew broke bred brought built burnt / burned burst bought cast caught chid chose cleft clung came cost crept crowed / crew cut dealt
Past Participle abode arisen awoke been born beaten become befallen begotten begun beheld bent besought bet bid bitten bled blended blown broken bred brought built burnt burst bought cast caught chidden chosen cleft clung come cost crept crowed / crew cut dealt
Meaning tinggal,mematuhi bangkit, timbul bangun,sadar ada, adalah lahir pukul menjadi menimpa memperanakkan mulai melihat lihat membengkokkan memohon bertaruh menawar menggigit berdarah mencampur meniup merusak, pecah menternakan membawa membangun membakar meledak membeli melempar menangkap memarahi memilih melekat menganut datang berharga merangkak berkokok memotong menyepakati 130 | P a g e
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
dig do draw dream drink drive dwell eat fall feed feel fight find flee fling fly forbid Forget forgive forsake freeze get gild give got grind grow hang have hear heave hew hide hit hold hurt input inset keep kneel knit know lay
dug did drew dreamt drank drove dwelt / dwelled ate fell fed felt fought found fled flung flew forbade forgot forgave forsook froze got gilt gave Got ground grew hung had heard heaved hewed hid hit held hurt input inset kept knelt knit knew laid
dug done drawn dreamt drunk driven dwelt / dwelled eaten fallen fed felt fought found fled flung flown forbidden forgotton forgiven forsaken frozen got gilt given got ground grown hung had heard heaved hewn hidden hit held hurt input inset kept knelt knit known laid
menggali mengerjakan menarik, menggambar bermimpi meminum mengendarai menghuni memakan jatuh memberi makan merasakan berkelahi menemukan melarikan diri melempar menerbangkan melarang lupa memaafkan melalaikan membeku mendapatkan menyepuh memberikan mendapatkan mengasah tumbuh menggantung mempunyai mendengar mengangkat menebang menyembunyikan memukul memegang melukai memasukkan menyisipkan menjaga berlutut merajut mengetahui menaruh 131 | P a g e
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lead lean leap learn leave lend let lie light lose make mean meet partake pay picnic prove put quit read rid ride ring rise run saw say see seek sell send set sew shake shall shave shed shine shoot show shrink shut sit
led leaned leapt learned left lent let lay lighted lost made meant met overrtook paid picknicked proved put quit read rid rode rang rose ran sawed said saw sought sold sent set sewed shook should shaved shed shone shot showed shrank shut sat
led leaned leapt learned left lent let lain lighted lost made meant met partaken paid picknicked proved put quit read rid ridden rung risen run sawed said seen sought sold sent set sewn shaken shaved shed shone shot shown shrunk shut sat
memimpin bersandar melompat belajar meninggalkan meminjamkan membiarkan berbaring Menyalakan Kehilangan Membuat Berarti Bertemu Menyusul Membayar berlibur, bertamasya Membuktikan Menaruh pergi keluar Baca Mengusir Menunggang Bordering Terbit Berlari Menggergaji Berkata Melihat Mencari Menjual Mengirim Menata Menjahit Mengocok Dapat Mencukur Melepaskan Berkilau Menembak Mempertunjukan Mengkerut Menutup Duduk 132 | P a g e
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
slay sleep slide sling slink slit smell smite sneak sow speak speed spell spend spill spin spit split spoil spread
. spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
stand steal stick sting stink strew stride strike string strive swear sweat sweep swell swim swing take teach tear tell
slew slept slid slung slunk slit smelled smote sneaked sowed spoke sped / US speeded spelled spent spilled spun spat split spoiled spread
slain slept slid slung slunk slit smelled smitten sneaked sowed spoken sped spelled spent spilled spun spat split spoiled / spoilt spread
sprang
sprung
stood stole stuck stung stank / stunk strewed strode struck strung strove / strived swore sweat / sweated swept swelled swam swung took taught tore told
stood stolen stuck stung stunk strewn stridden stricken strung striven sworn sweat swept swollen swum swung taken taught torn told
Membantai Tidur Meluncur Melempar Menyelinap Membelah Berbau mengambil hati Menyelinap menebar benih Berbicara Mempercepat Mengeja Membelanjakan Menumpahkan Berputar Meludah Membelah Memanjakan menyebarkan, mengoles meretakkan, melepaskan Berdiri Mencuri Menempelkan Menyengat berbau busuk Menaburkan Melangkahi Menyerang Menalikan Berjuang Bersumpah Berkeringat Menyapu Membengkak Berenang Berayun Mengambil Mengajar Merobek Menceritakan 133 | P a g e
. . . . . . . . .
think thrive throw thrust tread understand undo upset wake
thought thrived / US throve threw thrust trod understood undid upset woke / waked
thought thrived / US thriven thrown thrust trodden / trod understood undone upset woken
. . . . . . . . . . . .
wear weave wed weep wet win wind withdraw withhold withstand wring write
wore wove wed wept wet won wound withdrew withheld withstood wrung wrote
worn woven wed wept wet won wound withdrawn withheld withstood wrung written
Berfikir Berkembang Melempar Mendorong Menempuh Mengerti mengerjakan kembali sedih, mengecewakan bangun, membangunkan Memakai Menenun Mengawini Menangis Basah Memenangkan Menggulung Menarik Mencegah Bertahan memeras, meremas Menulis
134 | P a g e
LAMPIRAN 2 45 TOPIK PERTANYAAN SPEAKING IELTS YANG SERING DIUJIKAN Part 1 Introduction 1. Warm-up
Could you show me your identification card please?
Could you tell me your full name please?
What shall I call you?
Does your name have any special meaning?
Why do so many people change their names?
Is your name important to you?
2. Hometown or birth place
Where do you come from?
Where do you live?
Can you tell me something about your hometown?
Can you tell me some famous landscapes or scenic spots in your hometown?
Can you tell me some history of your hometown?
3. Personal background and information
Are you a student or do you have a job?
What do you like most about your study?
What kind of job do you prefer after graduation?
What is your major?
What do you do for living?
Could you tell me a typical day of yours? 135 | P a g e
How do you get your job?
Are you satisfied with your job?
What do you like most about your job?
What kind of job do you prefer in the future?
4. Hobby or inclination
What do you usually do in your spare time?
Do you prefer to stay alone or with your friends?
What do you usually do on weekends and weekdays?
What do you usually do when you go out?
What do you usually do with your friends?
Do you like reading?
What kind of books do you like best?
Do you like English? Why or why not?
What do you think of the importance of English?
What are good hobbies and bad hobbies? Why?
5. Future plan
Why do you take the IELTS test?
What are you planning to do in the next five years?
What are you planning to do in the next ten years?
What is the first thing you will do when you arrive at the new place?
6. Traveling
Do you like traveling?
Do you like travel alone or with your friends?
136 | P a g e
Have you traveled to other places? Where are they?
What do you usually do when you first arrive in a new place?
What are the benefits of traveling?
Why do so many people like traveling nowadays?
7. Friends
Do you have many friends?
Are they casual acquaintances or close friends?
Do you prefer to stay with your family or with your friends?
Do you prefer one or two close friends or many friends?
Can you talk about your best friend?
What do you usually do with your friends?
Is the time you spend with your friends as much as that you spend with your family?
8. Music
Do you like music?
What are the benefits of listening to music?
What kind of music do you like best?
Why do you like this kind of music?
9. Transportation
Can you say something about the transportation in your hometown?
What is the common means of transport in your country?
Do traffic jams often occur in your hometown or in the city where you live?
How to solve the problem?
137 | P a g e
What changes in transportation have taken place in the past several years in your country?
Part 2 Topic Card 10. Describe a museum
How often do you visit the museum?
Which type of museum is popular in your country?
Why do you want to visit the museum?
11. Describe your favorite photograph
Where was the photo taken?
Who took the photo?
What can be seen from the photo?
Explain why it is the favorite photograph for you.
12. The important historic place
What is the place?
Where is it located?
Why do you think it is important?
13. Describe a party
What is the party?
Why was the party held?
Who attended the party?
What did you do for that party?
138 | P a g e
14. Describe a subject taught in your school
Who teaches it?
How is it taught?
What do you learn from the class?
15. Describe an invention
What is the invention?
Why do you think it is very important?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the invention?
16. Describe a foreign country you have never been to
Where is the country?
When will you go there?
Why would you like to go there?
17. Describe your favourite movie
What’s the name of the film?
What’s the theme of the film?
Why do you like it?
18. Describe a newspaper or magazine
What’s your habit for reading?
What are the benefits of reading?
What's the main difference between newspaper and magazine?
19. Describe a children’s game 139 | P a g e
How is it played?
What can you learn from the game?
What impact does it bring on your growth?
20. Describe a happy event in your life
When did it happen?
Where did it happen?
What was it?
21. Describe a thing which is important to you
Who gave it to you?
What is the thing?
What does the thing mean to you?
22. Describe one of your neighbours
When did you become neighbours?
Do you often meet?
State whether your neighbour is a good one.
23. Describe one of the shopping centers you often go to
Where is the shopping center?
How often do you go to the center?
Why do you often go to it and its characteristics?
24. Describe your favourite animal
What kind of animal is it? 140 | P a g e
Describe it briefly
Why do you like the animal?
25. Describe a historical place
What is the place?
Where is it located?
What is the historical meaning of the place?
26. Describe an advertisement
What are the forms of advertisement?
What are the functions of advertisement?
What is the effect of advertisement to people?
27. Describe an important letter
When did you receive the letter?
From whom did you receive the letter?
Explain the reasons why it is important
28. Describe the best present you have received
Who sent it to you?
When did you receive it?
Give detailed information about the present.
29. Describe your holidays
Where do you go for the holidays and how long do them last?
141 | P a g e
Who do you go with?
Talk about any interesting thins happening during your holidays.
Part 3 Discussion Describing People 30. Describe a well-known person
Who he/she is?
What makes him/her famous?
Why you admire him/her?
Do you want to become famous?
How to become a well-known person in Indonesia?
What kind of people can become famous in Indonesia?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of being famous?
What do you think of the privacy of a well-known person?
What do you think of the relationship between a well-know person and advertising?
Would you be influenced by the well-known persons in TV commercials?
Do you often talk about singers with your friends? What do you often talk about?
1. Describing a friend in your school time/ you like most.
Who he/she is?
When did you became friends?
Why do you like him/her or why do you think that he/she is important to you?
How he/she influences you. Discussion:
142 | P a g e
What are the differences between adults and children in terms of making friends?
Can adults make friends with children?
What do you think are the most important factors when making friends?
What are the possible factors that cause the break-up of friendship?
Why is it difficult for adults to make friends?
What will the friendship become like when getting old?
2. Describing a person whom you like to work or study with.
Who is he/she?
When did you work/study together?
What do you often do together?
Why do you like to work with him/her?
What can you learn from him/her?
Why is he/she particular?
Do you like to work alone or with a partner?
What do you think of teamwork and team spirit?
What kind of people are good to work with?
Do you like group work or group learning?
9. What are the advantages of studying by yourself?
Describing Places 1. Describe a restaurant or a café.
Where it is?
What it looks like?
What kind of services is provided?
143 | P a g e
What kind of food you like there/ What kind of food is famous?
Why you like it?
Do you like cooking?
Will you cook for your friends when they visit you?
Who cooks in a Indonesian family?
What do you think of the advantages and disadvantages of fast food?
Why is fast food so popular?
Where would Indonesian go when they eat out?
What changes would take place in terms of Indonesian eating habits?
What food is popular?
What is the difference between fresh food and canned food?
What can we do to solve the problem of food shortage?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of family food?
31. Describing an interesting building.
Where it is located.
What it looks like.
What services are provided?
How you like it.
What role do old buildings and new buildings play in modern society?
What changes have taken place in architecture in the past two decades?
Do you think it necessary to protect old buildings?
Describing Media and Communication 32. Describing a kind of book you like.
144 | P a g e
What kind of books you like most.
What they are about.
Why you like them most.
What effect have books brought on you?
What is the difference between men and women when choosing what to read?
What kind books do children like?
Why do they like reading?
What is the difference between reading and watching TV?
What is the relationship between reading and computer?
What are the advantages of reading books?
Why do children like pictorials?
What books are popular in Indonesia?
33. Describing one of your favorite books.
What kind of books you like.
What is your favorite book?
What it is about.
When did you get it?
Why you like it.
Do you like other books?
What kind of books do Indonesian people like?
What kind of books do you recommend to others?
34. Describing a letter.
When you received it. 145 | P a g e
Who sent it to you?
What it is about?
Whether it is important to you?
Why?
What is the difference between letter and e-mail?
Do you often keep diaries?
What is the difference between diary and letter?
What is the difference in the past and at the present as regards communications?
What is the role of letter 50 years ago and at the present?
What do you think of the role 50 years later?
What do you think of creative writing?
Would post office disappear 50 years later?
What role does computer play in our society?
What changes have been brought by the computer?
35. Describing a kind of music.
Do you like music.
Why or why not?
What kind of music you like best?
What role music plays in people’s life?
How long do you listen to music everyday?
Why is it easier for children to learn playing a musical instrument?
What are the benefits of learning to play musical instruments?
Discuss the impact of western music on the world music?
146 | P a g e
Describing Celebration and Leisure Time 36. Describe a traditional festival.
When is it celebrated?
How to celebrate?
what you usually do on that day.
What you like and what you don’t like.
What is the concept of holiday in Indonesia?
Why is holiday so important to modern people?
Do you think it is necessary to observe the traditional customs?
What changes in terms of spending festivals and holidays have taken place in the past decade?
What is the difference as regards celebration in different part of the country?
37. Describing a perfect trip/ holiday
Where you would go.
When would you go.
Whom you would go with.
What you are going to do.
What you think it perfect.
What is the difference in the past and at the present as regards travelling?
How would the tourist industry develop in the future?
What should the government do to attract tourists?
What should the people do to attract tourists?
38. Describing an interesting trip you have taken.
Where you went. When you went there. 147 | P a g e
Whom you went with.
What you did there.
Why you like it.
What is the difference in the past and at the present as regards traveling?
How would the tourist industry develop in the future?
What should the government do to attract tourists?
What should the people do to attract tourists?
39. Describing an interesting hobby.
What it is.
When began to do it.
How long you spend on it.
How often you do it.
Why you like it.
Do you think that surfing the Internet, watching TV, listening to music or keeping a pet are interesting hobbies?
Do you think it will cost too much time to do them?
Do you like hobbies requiring teamwork?
Why do people usually do in their spare time?
40. Describe an environmental problem.
What it is?
How long it has existed.
What effect it has brought to people’s life?
What it happens?
What we can do to solve it.
148 | P a g e
What causes environmental problems?
What should the government do to protect the environment?
What should we do to protect the environment?
What other measures can you think of to protect the environment?
How should we educate children to protect environment?
What’s the difference between the old and the young as regards environmental protection?
41. Describing a kind of extreme weather.
What it is?
When did it happen?
Where you were.
How you felt at that time.
What should you do in a bad weather?
Will bad weather mould or change people’s personality?
What is the relationship between weather and culture?
The climate has changed these 50 years.
Have you noticed the changes?
What changes do you predict in the following years?
Are the people interested in gathering the weather information in your place?
How does weather influence people’s personalities in your country?
42. Talking about learning English.
When and where you began studying English.
What is the most interesting thing in an English class?
What is the most effective way of learning English?
149 | P a g e
What difficulties you have when learning English.
What are the advantages of learning English?
What problems do you have when studying English?
Do you think that English is the most important language in the world?
Can English take the place of Indonesian in Indonesia?
What other languages are taught in Indonesia?
Do you think that age is the most important factor of learning English? Why?
What difficulties would a foreigner have when he learns your native language?
What problems would Indonesian people have when communicating with foreigners?
When would be most suitable for children to learn English?
How will translation and interpretation develop in the future?
43. Describing the way of getting news.
Do you get news everyday?
Whether the news is national or international?
How you get news (via newspaper, TV, Internet, radio or other people?)
How do most Indonesian people think about the importance of getting update news everyday?
Do you think the information on the Internet believable or not?
What is the most effective way of getting news?
How do reporters gather information?
What do you think of the importance of privacy?
How do journalists entertain their customers?
What role do media play in people’s life?
How do Indonesian people gather information? 150 | P a g e
What are the advantages and disadvantages of different media?
Do you think it necessary to control the news coverage?
What kind of news do you think should be controlled?
44. Describing a skill you want to learn.
What it is.
Why you think it is important.
How you are going to learn it.
What role it will play in you future life.
What do you think of the traditional skills?
What skill do you think the university has provided for your job?
What skills can you learn in school?
What kind of skills have your parents learned?
What do you think of the role of family for children to learn skills?
What is the most popular skill that people want to learn?
What kind of school would you send your children to? Why?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of school education and family education
45. Describing a piece of equipment you often use at home or at work.
What is it?
What you do with it/ How to use it?
How long you have had it?
How important it is to you?
What are the impacts of electrical equipment on human’s life in the past ten years?
What are the differences of the life in the past and at the present?
151 | P a g e
What role does technological development play in people’s life?
How will technology develop in the future?
Do you have a mobile phone? What are its advantages?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of computer and internet?
152 | P a g e
Daftar Pustaka Wyatt, R, 2004, Check Your Vocabulary For IELTS, Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, London. Hawkey, R, 2006, Impact Theory and Practice: Studies of the IELTS test and Progetto Lingue 2000, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Mickan, P, 2003, ‘What's your score? An investigation into language descriptors for rating written performance’ in IELTS Research Reports, Volume 5, IELTS Australia Pty Ltd, Canberra, pp 125-157. Mickan, P, 2008, ‘Making sense of tests: the social semiotics of assessment’, paper presented at ALTE Conference, Cambridge, April 2008. Council of Europe (2001) The Common European framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lim, G S, Geranpayeh, A, Khalifa, H & Buckendahl, C (2013) Standard setting to an international reference framework: Implications for theory and practice, International Journal of Testing, 13(1), 32-49. Milanovic, M (2009) 'Cambridge ESOL and the CEFR', Research Notes, 37, 2-5. Saville, N (2005) 'An interview with John Trim at 80', Language Assessment Quarterly, 2 (4), 263–288. Taylor, L (2004a) 'Issues of test comparability', Research Notes, 15, 2-5. Taylor, L (2004b) 'IELTS, Cambridge ESOL examinations and the Common European Framework', Research Notes, 18, 2-3. Weir, C J (2005) 'Limitations of the Common European Framework for developing comparable examinations and tests',Language Testing, 22, 281-300. http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/media/departmental/internationalenglishcentre/englishla nguagerequirements/Compare-IELTS,-TOEFL-and-TOEIC.pdf
153 | P a g e
BACK COVER
IELTS telah menjadi sebuah bisnis yang sangat besar di seluruh dunia. Setiap minggu, puluhan ribu orang berpartisipasi mengikuti ujian ini di berbagai kotakota besar dunia. Untuk menfasilitasi kebutuhan yang besar tersebut, berbagai kursus persiapan untuk mengikuti ujian IELTS menjamur dimana-mana. Dengan pertumbuhan yang pesat, buku-buku mengenai tips dan strategi menghadapi ujian IELTS juga menjamur di berbagai toko buku.
Sayangnya, mayoritas buku-buku IELTS di pasaran hanya menitikberatkan pada soal-soal latihan dan bukan pada vocabulary. Kosakata-kosakata yang sering keluar pada ujian IELTS umumnya berkisar pada topik yang sama. Seringkali, satu kata yang sebenarnya mudah divariasikan dengan berbagai macam persamaan maknanya yang sulit. Metode menghapalkan mentah-mentah kumpulan kosakata tersebut bukanlah cara yang bijak untuk meningkatkan nilai IELTS Anda. Oleh sebab itu, buku ini hadir memberikan Anda kosakata-kosakata penting IELTS dengan latihan yang komprehensif. Kami menyusun latihan tersebut dengan harapan agar kata-kata tersebut dapat diingat secara alami tanpa harus dihapalkan.
Mempelajari kosakata-kosata yang ada di buku ini bukan hanya membantu Anda sukses mendapatkan nilai IELTS yang tinggi. Lebih dari itu, ratusan vocabulary yang diberikan di dalamnya juga sangat bermanfaat untuk memahami bahasa Inggris baik dalam dunia pendidikan, kerja, maupun untuk percakapan sehari-hari. 154 | P a g e
BIOGRAFI PENULIS
Penulis menempuh pendidikan bahasa Inggris di Burlington School, London UK setelah menamatkan kuliah di Institut Teknologi Bandung tahun 2007. Alumni SMA 78 ini kemudian melanjutkan pendidikan postgraduate di King’s College, University of London. Beberapa profesi dijalani penulis selama menetap di UK. Mulai dari seorang pegawai sebuah perusahaan distributor di daerah Arsenal, London Utara sampai menjadi staf pada sebuah drugstore di daerah Fulham, London Selatan. Pekerjaan lain yang penulis geluti adalah sebagai chef di sebuah take-away restaurant di kawasan yang tak jauh dari markas klub sepakbola Chelsea, Stamford Bridge.
Sekembalinya ke Indonesia, selain menjadi dosen teknik mesin, penulis giat menulis buku dan beberapa artikel di media massa. Di samping itu, penulis juga mengajar IELTS serta aktif sebagai instruktur bahasa Inggris di sejumlah institusi dan perguruan tinggi. Penulis dapat dihubungi lewat alamat email:
[email protected].
155 | P a g e
