Discussion saponification of soap

4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Result

Condition

Observation

1.So 1.Soap ap + 3mL 3mL dis distil tille led d wate waterr

Foam Foam pro produ duced ced afte afterr we sha shake ke for for 15 15 seco second ndss

2. Mixture from No.1 + 

#.2mL of foam produced and there are cloud$ solution at the

drops of !" calcium chloride

 %ottom of that

solution

3.Mixture from No.2 + #.5& of 

3mL of white precipitate form and there are cloud$ solution at

trisodium phosphate

the %ottom of that precipitate. 'he foam that produced is #.1ml.

4.2 Disussion

'here are lots of o%(ecti)es from the experiment that we run. 'hat is to s$nthesi*e the sample of hard soap and to test the soap produced were successfull$ achie)ed. 'hen the theor$ state that saponification is a process %$ which tri&l$cerides are reacted with sodium or potassium h$droxide to produce &l$cerol and a fatt$ acid salt called ,soap,. -hen sodium h$droxide is used a hard soap is produced. sin& potassium h$droxide results in a soft soap. Lipids that contain fatt$ acid ester linka&es can under&o h$drol$sis. 'his reaction is catal$*ed %$ a stron& acid or %ase. /n this anal$sis when the mixture No. 1 was shaken there are white foam produced when mixture No.2 was shaken foam and cloud$ solution produced and mixture no. 3  produced white preci pitate and cloud$ solution. 'here are three condition that can %e explained %ased on the theor$. Sodium and potassium salts of most car%ox$lic acids are water  solu%le. 0owe)er the calcium ma&nesium and iron s alts are not. 'hats wh$ when soaps are  placed in hard water the white precipitate forms. 'his process remo)es soap ions from solution and decreases the cleanin& effecti)eness of soaps. Soap does not react excellentl$ as it does not work well in hard water that contains a2+. For the last mixture the trisodium  phosphate act as water softener and that was the reason white precipitate and milk$ solution form. fter anal$sed the mixture the sample was scanned %$ usin& Fourier transform infrared spectroscop$ 4!TIR . 6ased on the F'/7 scannin& the presence of car%ox$lic acid and alcohol howe)er are cant %e detected in our sample %ased on the peak of transmittance  percenta&e. 'he assumption was pro)ed when we refer the peak of 331.89 that is the peak of  alcohol on the /7 orrelation ta%le.

Furthermore we ha)e to impro)ise our experiment in order to &et the accurate result. First thin& to do is to make sure that all the chemicals needed in the experiment is measured accuratel$ %ased on what is stated in the la%orator$ manual. Next run the experiment %ased on the correct procedure. /n conclusion we achie)ed our o%(ecti)e to s$nthesi*e the sample of hard soap and test the soap produced.