Dinamit Nobel Defence

Dynamit Nobel Defence

International Developments of Infantry Weapons for Missions in Urban Areas – l an Industrial View Dr. Herbert P. Weisshaupt Head of Business Development Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

DIN ISO 16016

Urban Scenarios – the new challenge to Infantry • what has changed • observations • why direct-fire SLM

Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

DIN ISO 16016

Due to change of scenarios the requirements have changed

Urban Scenarios


DIN ISO 16016

Afghan compound

Inner walls and house walls (before rendering) Compound walls left: with rendering made of 25% straw and 75% clay


DIN ISO 16016

Some major trends for Short-Range ShoulderLaunched Munitions (SR-SLM)

- dedicated, small market for SR-SLM anti-tank - Short range SLM should be multi-purpose and have a limited anti-tank capability - Ranges in urban operations are generally below 250m - Range requirements up to 800m are motivated by volley firings of RPG7 etc.


DIN ISO 16016

SZENARIOS (Open Field Attack) OPEN SPACE ATTACKS

→ Range requirement for 800 to 900m → No point target, groups of adversaries

“Certain AT and special teams had as many as 50-80% of their personnel armed with RPGs, carrying as many as 15 of these. In situations where artillery was insufficient in numbers or impossible to use, they were also utilized to provide 'artillery' support for combat, sometimes even with more effect than real artillery would have achieved. This also explains the fact that, since the Iran-Iraq war, the Iranian armed forces issue two RPG-7s for an 11-man squad.” Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

DIN ISO 16016

SZENARIOS (MOUT)


DIN ISO 16016

SZENARIOS (MOUT)

For unguided projectiles, direct fire is generally more accurate and of higher velocity and thus is better for penetrating hardened targets and for quickly destroying small, discrete targets. As a general rule, direct fire - especially that from foot soldiers - is required to dislodge enemy units from an area; indirect fire can repress a target area as soldiers and armored vehicles close in on it, but indirect fire cannot capture a target on its own.[


DIN ISO 16016

Guided Missiles Guided Short Range Missiles in the Market The French ERYX uses command-to-lineof-sight wire guidance to deliver effective firepower at ranges of 50 – 600 meters. ERYX is designed for urban warfare, and it can even be fired from inside a building (needs 2meter space behind it), but the wire guidance system doesn't work too well in terrain with trees and telephone/electric wires where the cable can get caught. The range of max 600m is not too good and rocket speed is too slow for an ATGM so users are now looking for new medium range AT alternatives.

AT3 Malyutka (SAGGER) is a very old manual command to line of sight ATGM with command wire and very low speed (~120m/s). Today mainly used by terrorists. Ranges from 500m to 3000m.


DIN ISO 16016

Guided Missiles (current developments) The 4.4 kg ‘Enforcer' missile is fired from the 3.4 kg ‘Thumper' shoulder-launcher, capable of hitting targets 2.5 km away in the direct fire role and up to 5 km away in the indirect fire role. Types of warhead considered include infrared-guided, dual mode penetrator and blast fragmentation rounds. MBDA added that it is also working on a tripod for Enforcer.

A modular, low-cost, high precision missile capable of engaging 'asymmetric aggressors' in complex terrain, at ranges exceeding 2 miles, with high precision, and minimal risk of collateral damage. The missile was designed as very low cost weapon, with unit cost goal of US$5,000. The Spike weighs about 2.26 kg, and is 63.5 cm long. It uses fire and forget guidance using a general purpose strap-down electro-optical seeker. It was designed as a shoulder fired tactical missile Spike-SR, the short range version of the weapon, is a single shot, fire and forget, disposable weapon. It is a 9kg weapon whose minimum range is 50 m while the maximum range is 800 m. The company positions the new weapon at a level well above RAFAEL’s own Matador rocket system, Talley SMAW or Saab AT4, as well as the Saab MBT LAW. According to Rafael, despite the much improved precision, performance and probability of kill, Spike SR will be slightly more expensive than those other unguided rockets. Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

DIN ISO 16016

Guided Missiles (Javelin)

USMC anti-armor manual : The manual, as does ST 7-10-1, includes more emphasis on the ability of the Javelin to support MOUT operations. This capability is largely due to its soft launch ability. The manual does fail to highlight the fact that Javelin has significant limitations of use within a MOUT environment if used in densely built-up areas, due to the long duration (10 to 40 seconds depending on gunner experience) it may take a gunner to achieve a lock on the target before being able to reliably fire the missile. In complex terrain, such a long tracking time may be difficult to achieve.


DIN ISO 16016

SZENARIOS (Open Field) ATTACKING MBTs

Short range ATGMs are useful in cases of a clear firing range with armored vehicles, e.g. in the case of tanks approaching a city (latest examples can be observed in Syria).

US-Army Handbook MOUT : “Light and medium recoilless weapons obtain their most effective short-range antiarmor shot by firing from upper stories, or from the flanksand rear.”

Attacking a MBT down a straight alley is extremely hazardous tothe gunner due to the risk of direct counter-fire from other tanks moving down the same street.


DIN ISO 16016

Controlled Flight Missiles PREDATOR

The Predator SRAW, is a lightweight, close range missile system produced by Lockheed Martin, developed by Lockheed Martin and Israel Military Industries. It is designed to complement the Javelin anti-tank missile. In 2003 the US Army decided not to adopt a version of the USMC Predator as its MPIM/SRAW (Multipurpose Individual Munition - Short Range Assault Weapon) candidate and further procurement of the Predator was canceled. And as of 2005, all the FGM172A missiles supplied previously to the USMC have been retrofitted with the FGM-172B multi-purpose blast warhead to replace the top attack anti-armor warhead Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

MBT LAW

“Since it's inertial - if the firer moves even one click, the accuracy is severely degraded, two+ and it goes down further. Moral - it's a good defensive weapon, or if used to stalk victims, taking the shot at the halt. Not so good if the gunners have to move & shoot.”

DIN ISO 16016

Guided Munitions on UAVs (Alternatives) The miniature guided weapon from ATK weighs about six pounds. Fitted with three folding air surfaces and moving tail fins for flight control, the weapon uses laser and GPS to home in on targets designated by the UAV or by supported ground forces. The weapon weighs about 2.7 kg. The Hatchet features a miniaturized Laser JDAM Seeker warhead, made by Elbit Systems, and can be guided on to a target by GPS or an inertial guidance system.

Aerovironment has also been working on a project it calls "Switchblade" since 2007, which is to deliver a portable, tubelaunched "loitering munition" of the sort now becoming trendy in some nations' artillery units. The system can be carried in a backpack (6 pounds) and can be deployed and launched within 30 seconds.

The weapon of the MBDA system is the 80mm ‘Gladius’ type miniature gliders weapons. The Armatus launcher will be able to carry eight Gladius weapons along with a single Caelus. After being released from the launcher, the 80 cm long Gladius will be boosted to subsonic speed and expand the wings over 44 cm span, to continue on an unpowered glide to the target up to 30 km range. Each Gladius will weigh up to seven kg and be equipped with an Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP) weighing up to one kilogram.


DIN ISO 16016

..... NOW THE TRENDS : (1) High precision munition with multi-purpose warheads (breaching, anti-armor, fragmentation) in the range 20 to 800m (2) „ Designing a portable weapon that will providing a significant effect yet, remain compact and lightweight enough for dismounted combat poses a great challenge for designers. Some favor the 'smart ammunition' strategy while others opt for 'smart launcher' approach.” Most of the ballistic weapons suppliers (DND, SaaB Bofors, Instalaza, Talley-SMAW) are offering fire-control sights. (3) Guided Missile Suppliers take efforts to offer a “low cost short range” missile to enter the lower end of heavy infantry weapons (Rafael, MBDA,Diehl, US Navy Spike) (4) For precision strikes with limited warhead effect a serious competition is arising from UAV suppliers with adapted submunitions (US spike, Hatchet, Switchblade) (5) Customers : - Germany puts its money on medium range ATGM (Spike) and short range ballistic weapons with FCS (fire control sight) - Netherlands puts its money on medium range ATGM (Spike) and short range ballistic weapons with FCS - Italy puts its money on medium range ATGM (Spike) and short range ballistic weapons with FCS - UK puts its money on medium range ATGM (Javelin) and short range ballistic weapons (ASM) - France puts its money on medium range ATGM (Javelin) and short range ballistic weapons with FCS - Singapore puts its money on medium range ATGM (Spike) and short range guided missile (Spike SR) - Japan puts its money on medium range ATGM (own development) and short range ballistic weapons (CG and Pzf3) - South Korea puts its money on medium range ATGM (own development) and short range ballistic weapons (Pzf3, future?) - Peru puts its money on medium range ATGM (Spike) and short range ballistic weapons with FCS (Pzf3 and Alcotan) Proprietary Information of Dynamit Defence GmbH, Germany (6) Cost : short range Nobel guided/flight-controlled systems

are at 30k$+, fire-controlled balistic weapons are at 10k$DIN ISO 16016

Shoulder-Launched weapons are of growing importance High value for Infantry

Requirements changed for Shoulder Launched Weapons


DIN ISO 16016

Industry approach to engage new challenges in MOUT

Saab Bofors Dynamics Carl Gustaf

Nammo Talley SMAW D

Saab Bofors Dynamics AT4 CS AST

Talley M 72 ASM Instalaza Alcotan 100 ABK


DIN ISO 16016

Development from AT to MP weapons

Non-disposable weapons: cartridge + firing device/FCS

Pzf 3 Pzf 3-T Bkf Pzf 3-IT600 Fully disposable MP-weapons with add-on devices

RGW 60 RGW90 HEAT/HESH

RGW90 AS Effector 90 mm Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

DIN ISO 16016

MOUT-Scenarioes •complex situation • low possibility for detection/recognition/identification • close-packed area with • covers of substantial stopping power • no use of typical fire arms • ambush situations

Requirement for weapons that • can destroy structure as well as vehicles • clear machine gun positions •…


DIN ISO 16016

Adobe wall 800 mm


DIN ISO 16016

„Reduce the burden“

1.

Reduce weight and length

1. 2.

Firing from eclosures/narrow streets Ruggedness and reliability

Make it better 1. Increase range 2. Ensure close range suitable for UO 3. Increase accuracy

The challenge down to 10 kg/1m

1200 m all-arm at 10 m SRM (Sustainer Rocket Motor): cross wind effects neutralized

„Make it more universal“ 1. Variety of targets 2. Multi-target capability, scalability 3. Taking care of collateral damage

multi-purpose warheads mode selection of w/h accuracy and mode selection

Increase the value 1. Add-on equipment 2. Night fighting capabilities

Fire Control Units to be adapted adapting existing NV devices

3.

Platform integration


21

DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 Recoilless Grenade Weapon 90mm the baseline for current and future customers‘ needs

Fully disposable, light-weight anti-armour / anti-structure weapon True FFE/CS capability Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 Urban Warfare Weapons – the answer RGW 90 HH

RGW 90 AS

RGW 90 MP

RGW 90 WBR RGW 90 AD


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 family of weapons - Common features -


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90

DND RECOILLESS WEAPONS – True CS capability

15 m3 (Minimum Room Size) >2,5 m

In MOUT scenarios: Firing in narrow streets!


DIN ISO 16016

DND RECOILLESS WEAPONS – Davis Gun Principle projectile launch tube propellant counter charge mass

Davis Gun =

= m

m

Examples: Pzf 3, RGW 60, RGW 90 Projectile Propellant Charge Countermass

Typical Propellant Weight Davis Gun

60 - 75 gr

Rocket

300 - 600 gr

Recoilless Gun

300 - 400 gr

Recoilless Gun

xamples: Carl-Gustaf, RPG 7, AT4 Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

Rocket

Examples: M 72, LAW 80, Apilas, FT 5 DIN ISO 16016

The basic weapon: RGW 90 HEAT/HESH calibre

90 mm

length transportation mode anti-bunker mode anti-tank mode *)

1.0 m 1.0 m 1.15 m

weight

8.9 kg

effective range

500 m

minimum range

20 m

initial velocity (+20°C)

240 m/s

mean velocity (500 m)

220 m/s

penetration performance: armoured steel masonry

confined space firing Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

min 500 mm RHA triple brick wall, ~400 mm x 400 mm hole 3 m x 2.5 m x 2 m room DIN ISO 16016

DND RECOILLESS WEAPONS - Constant

Gusts of cross-minimizes effect of side wind winds from side Hit Pattern streets 200m compensated! Hit Pattern 200 m +71°C 300 250

wind

wind

flight velocity

Hit Pattern 500 m Ambient Temperature

Hit Pattern 500m 300 250

200

200

150

150

100

100

50

50

0 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 -50 -100

50 100 150 200 250 300

-300 -250 -200 -150 -100

0 -50 0 -50

50

100

150

200

250

300

-100 -150

-150 -200

-200 -250

-250 -300

-300

Acceleration

Constant velocity


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 HEAT/HESH

HEAT Mode

HESH Mode

Dual Purpose : Instant and delayed fuzing modes Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 HEAT/HESH

Target Effects


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 HESH 300 mm triple brick wall

before

after, front side

after, rear side

RGW 90 HEAT vs 420 mm RHA + 150 mm mild steel Marks on capture plate 2 m behind target


DIN ISO 16016

Conclusion: • RGW 90 HEAT/HESH is a highly effective dual-mode weapon • Highly effective against structural targets • Highly effective against armoured vehicles with penetration of >420 mm RHA + >150 mm mild steel (> 550 mm RHA) • Off-the shelf product • In service (Singapore, Slowenia)


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 AS Recoilless Grenade Weapon 90mm Anti Structure RGW 90 AS: specialized in structure defeat

In Service with:

- UK (1st delivery March 2010) - IL - GE


DIN ISO 16016

Main features  Multi-target defeat capability with tandem warhead  Selectable fuze mode  Enhanced blast explosive  Fully disposable  Fully operational from within an enclosed space  Davis gun launcher  Weight: 10kg; Length: 1 meter


Effectiveness:  Behind wall incapacitation  Bunker (ETF) defeat  Light armor defeat  Wall breaching effect  Effective range: 400m

DIN ISO 16016

RGW90 ASM - 2 Warhead Modes


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 AS


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 AS


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 AS


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 AS


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 AS


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 AS


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 AS


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 AS free-field firings Target Description

target before

front side

rear side

Triple brick wall

Adobe wall, 80 cm

160 mm concrete wall + concrete garage


DIN ISO 16016

Scalability: Bunkerfaust-RGW 90 AS • single mode of action fragments

• lethal in the room hit • but taking cover is possible • small wall opening • efficient also in free-field

BkF

• enhancements by using DYNARANGE/FCU No effect in neighbouring rooms

Long delay

High blast effect also in adjacent rooms

Hohe Blastwirkung (auch in Nachbarräumen)

• modified firing device and sight

• lethal effects over several rooms • defeat of cover in closed buildings

• taking cover not possible

RGW 90 AS

• small wall opiening • reduced blast effect, non-lethal

Short delay

Reduced blast effect behind wall, but big hole

• taking cover not possible • highly efficient in confined space • big hole in wall


DIN ISO 16016

Aspects of scalability: short delay: high load outer side of wall only

1,9 bar/3,12 ms

0,7 bar/2,79 ms


DIN ISO 16016

Conclusion RGW 90 AS • Hier Multi-purpose due to mode-select eine Tabelle aller Waffen • Adaptable to target type mit key data • Behind-wall incapacitation • Highly effective against a variety of structural targets • Effective against IFV/LAV • Off-the shelf product • Combat proven Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 WB (Matador WB)

Wall Breaching Round

Patented Warhead Technology Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

DIN ISO 16016

Requirement: „Move through obstacles“


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 WB firings Target Description

target before

entry side

exit side

Triple brick wall

Adobe wall, 80 cm preliminary shot

Adobe wall, second hit


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 AD

Requirement: Range up to 1200m (enemy HMG position‘s range)

1. Detonation on Impact

2. Airburst

3. Delayed Detonation


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 AD – meeting the challenge of precision ballistic flight to target

Disposable weapon (Ammunition)

Reusable Ballistic Computer Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 with Dynahawk and NSV 600 Dynahawk

NSV 600


DIN ISO 16016

RGW 90 AD operation in airburst mode vs. dismounted and spread troops


Lethal area: 16x8 m Criterion of lethality: 3 fragments/m² to penetrate 1.5 mm mild steel plate

DIN ISO 16016

Multi Purpose

Target Practice incl. Flash / Smoke effect

Fog

Illumination (IR) Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

DIN ISO 16016

RGW mobile trainer, scenario-creator, mobile device classroom/outside


DIN ISO 16016

Conclusions Shoulder-Launched weapons for UOP 1. warhead aspects/weapons effects • Multi target effectiveness a) Dismounted troops, HMG positions, at high distance b) structures • wall penetration (breaching capability) various types • behind-wall incapacitation • mobility corridors c) Vehicles • (limited) MBT defeating capabilities • LAV, IFV defeat • technicals 2. Operational requirements Hit Pattern 200 m +71°C

a) accuracy, effectiveness, collateral damage

300 250 200 150 100

• High accuracy, short range (10 m) to medium (100-500m) and long range (100m+)

50 0 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 -50

50 100 150 200 250 300

-100 -150 -200

• use of Fire Control Systems

-250 -300

• low weight, single-soldier operation • Firing From Enclosure (FFE) capability • Night fighting capability b) Others • training, ergonomics, platform integration, vehicle integration kits


DIN ISO 16016

Filme bei den Waffen,

Goggles for Night sightResidual Light Amplifier

IR night sight

IR Laser LRF

HESH HEAT

MPR HEAT = high explosive anti tank HESH = high explosive squash head MPR = multi purpose round (blast) ASM = anti structure munition WBR = wall breaching round LRMP = long range multi-purpose

LRMP ASM land ….and sea

Dynasim Mobile Trainer WBR

223 m


Terror Boat Defeat

DIN ISO 16016

Conclusion RGW 90 family Structure defeat • Effective against various types of structures – wall penetration – behind-wall incapacitation – mobility corridors

Vehicle defeat • MBT-capability • LAV, IFV defeat Proprietary Information of Dynamit Nobel Defence GmbH, Germany

DIN ISO 16016

Still open questions, answers needed, by R&D

Blast vs. structures

• suitability of weapons and structural behaviour (avoid overkill)

• scalability of effects (Blast, fragments, less-lethal effectors….) • vulnerability models and application • supply of such data • reduce collateral damage by • high accuracy (Fire Control Systems, guidance,…) • limited or scalable effects (w/h mode selection, munition selection) Blast vs. Human body

fragments vs. Human body


DIN ISO 16016

Dinamit Nobel Defence

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