Different Types of Cross ExaminationFull description
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Essay
Different types of bus bar arrangementFull description
20/21 Mar’09
Different types of Steering Systems & Examples
1 SRK
20/21 Mar’09
DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM
Steering systems/mechanisms in use
STEERING
MANUAL
PREV
RACK & PINION
POWER
WORM & ROLLER
RECIRCULATING BALL & NUT
NEXT
HYDRAULIC
RA CK CK & PI PINION
W ORM & RO ROL LE LE R
RECIRCULATING BALL & NUT
HYDROSTATIC ( GEROTOR )
ELECTRICAL / ELECTRO-HYD
RACK & PINION ON
COLUMN DRIVEN EPS
PINION DRIVEN EPS
RACK DRIVEN EPS
2 SRK
1
20/21 Mar’09
DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM
Steering systems/mechanisms in use
STEERING SYSTEM SL. NO
STEERING MECHANISMS IN USE
MANUAL
STEERING RATIO
POWER-ASSISSTED Hy dr au li c
El ec tr o- hyd
E lec tr ic
1
SCREW & NUT
X
X
2
CAM & LEVER
X
X
3
WORM & ROLLER
X
X
4
R EC I RC UL AT IN G BA LL SC RE W & N UT
?
?
5
RACK & PINION
6
GEROTOR
CONSTANT VARIABLE
X
X
X
3 SRK
20/21 Mar’09
MANUAL STEERING SYSTEMS
4 SRK
2
20/21 Mar’09
Steering Systems
Typical Mechanical Steering Systems ( for “on-road vehicles )
Cars / UVs
Trucks / Bus
UVs/LCVs
5 SRK
20/21 Mar’09
POWER-ASSISSTED STEERING SYSTEMS
6 SRK
3
20/21 Mar’09
Need for Power Steering
7 SRK
20/21 Mar’09
NEED FOR POWER STEERING
The need to achieve the greatest possible road safety under :
PREV
NEXT
INCREASING TRAFFIC DENSITY
8
SRK
4
20/21 Mar’09
NEED FOR POWER STEERING
The need to achieve the greatest possible road safety under :
PREV
NEXT
HIGH AXLE LOADS
9
SRK
20/21 Mar’09
NEED FOR POWER STEERING
The need to achieve the greatest possible road safety under :
PREV
POOR ROAD CONDITIONS
10
SRK
5
20/21 Mar’09
NEED FOR POWER STEERING
All of the above situations force the driver to operate the vehicle at slow speeds ,increasing steering effort causing FATIGUE TO DRIVERS. Judgment of a fatigued driver will be poor. PREV
Poor judgment in driving means increased potential for accidents.
NEXT
LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF POWER STEERING
11
SRK
20/21 Mar’09
Benefits of Power Steering
12 SRK
6
20/21 Mar’09
BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING 15 mkg G N I K R A P T A S T R O F F E G N I R E E T S
3 mkg 2 mkg 1 mkg HCV
CAR
HCV
MANUAL STEERING
CAR
POWER STEERING
EFFORTLESS STEERING
13
SRK
20/21 Mar’09
BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING LOCK TO LOCK MANUAL STEERING TOTAL TURNS 6 TO 7 LOCK TO LOCK POWER STEERING TOTAL TURNS 3 TO 4 ) G E D ( E L G N A T U P T U O
40 30
20
10
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
INPUT TURNS LH TURN
RH TURN SAP
PRECISE & QUICK RESPONSE
14
SRK
7
20/21 Mar’09
BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING
Vehicle fitted with Manual Steering
Vehicle fitted with Power Steering
ABSORBS ROAD SHOCKS
15
SRK
20/21 Mar’09
BENEFITS OF POWER STEERING
GREATER SAFETY AND CONTROLLABILITY UNDER CRITICAL SITUATIONS 16 SRK
8
20/21 Mar’09
HYDRAULIC POWER STEERING SYSTEMS
17 SRK
20/21 Mar’09
Steering Systems
SYSTEM LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL POWER STEERING
Power Steering Reservoir R e tu r n Li ne PREV
Suction Line
NEXT
Power Steering Pump
r e s s u e r P e L i n
Power Steering FI Gear
18
SRK
9
20/21 Mar’09
Typical Box-type Power Steering System for CVs ( Tie rod behind the axle )
Steering Column Reservoir Intermediate Shaft Power Steering Pump
Tie Rod Tube
Integral Power Steering Gear Pitman Arm
Tie Rod End
Draglink
Integral (Box type) Power Steering System
19
SRK
1
20/21 Mar’09
Steering Systems
Typical Cylinder-type Power Steering System for CVs ( Tie rod behind the axle )
(Manual)
Cylinder type Power Steering System 20 SRK
10
20/21 Mar’09
Steering Systems
Typical Box-type Power Steering System for UVs ( Tie rod behind the axle )
Integral (Box type) Power Steering System 21 SRK
20/21 Mar’09
Steering Systems
Non-typical Cylinder-type Power Steering System for UVs ( Tie rod behind the axle ) (Manual)
Cylinder type Power Steering System 22 SRK
11
20/21 Mar’09
Steering Systems
Typical R&P Power Steering System for Cars ( Tie rod ahead of the axle ) Steering Wheel Rack &Pinion Steering Gear
Steering Column Tie Rods
Intermediate Shaft
Steering Lever
23 SRK
20/21 Mar’09
Steering Systems
Typical R&P type Power Steering System for Cars / UVs
Integral Rack & Pinion type Power Steering System 24 SRK
12
20/21 Mar’09
HYROSTATIC STEERING SYSTEMS
25 SRK
20/21 Mar’09
Steering Systems
Typical Hydrostatic Steering System (for “off-road vehicles”)
Farm Tractors / Earthmovers
26 SRK
13
20/21 Mar’09
Need for Electro-Hydraulic / Electric Power Steering Systems
27 SRK
Need for EHPS / EPS
20/21 Mar’09
•Fuel efficiency. •Emission control @ engine idle. •Control flexibility thro’ S/W change instead of H/W change. •Integration with other electronic controls on vehicle e.g., ABS, TCS, ESP, etc.
28 SRK
14
20/21 Mar’09
Energy Consumption of Different Power Steering Systems
• Energy Saving – Reduced Fuel Consumption (1 to 3 % Reduction) – High System Efficiency – Flow on demand and according to Vehicle Speed ( speed-pro feel ) – Low energy consumption, in idle less than 50 Watt – Engine independent operation (Engine Shut Off) • Future
Application Criteria
– Interaction with other Chassis/Vehicle Control and Driver Assist Systems – Migration of EPHS-technology into EHS- and SBW-Applications – MPU-Utilization beyond Steering Applications (e.g. Active and Semi active Chassis, Braking, Power Train (Automated Clutches and Transmissions)
33 SRK
20/21 Mar’09
Steering Systems
EPHS Benefits (cont‘d)
• Cost & Quality – – – – – – –
Component Assembly (HPS ) Module Assembly (EPHS) Final Test in Car (HPS) Pre-tested System (EPHS) Engine Independence (vs. Belt-Drive-Pump@ HPS) Fail-Safe Operation incl. Protection Measures System Responsibility lies with one Supplier Simplified Supply Chain Lower Maintenance and Warranty Cost
• Time to Market – Steering System Tuning Flexibility in Development Process – Similar Packaging to existing Steering – Variable Position of Motor-Pump-Unit
