Descripción: Informe medición y análisis de viscosidad de fluidos.
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Problemas aplicados sobre viscosidad (Mecánica de Fluidos)
Descripción: viscosidad de fluidos
Descripción: Problemas aplicados sobre viscosidad (Mecánica de Fluidos)
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Descripción: Laboratorio
MuestreoDescripción completa
Descripción: quimica
ensayo simple de viscosidadDescripción completa
quimicaFull description
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MuestreoFull description
INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL N ACIONAL ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA E INDUSTRIAS EXTRACTIVAS INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL ESIQIE LABORATORIO LABORATORIO DE FUNDAMENTOS DE FENÓMENOS DE TRANSPORTE Práctica:
“DETERMINACIÓN DE LA L A VISCOSIDAD VISCOSIDAD DE FLUIDOS” PROFESOR: •
Benjamn Marc!" Marn Santi#á$e%
ALUMNO: •
Q&ir!% 'árate Bran(!n )e"*"
+RUPO: ,IM-.
OBJETIVO E/ !#jeti0! (e e"ta 1ráctica e" !#tener e/ c!m1!rtamient! en 2/&j! ! re!/34ic! (e 2/&i(!" a tra05" (e "&" c&r0a" (e 2/&j!6 &ti/i%an(! &n 0i"c!"metr! r!taci!na/ (e ci/in(r!" c!nc5ntric!"7
INTRODUCCIÓN
Se m&e"tra &na "it&aci3n (e 2/&j! c!rtante "im1/e7 A8& "e tiene &n /8&i(! entre (!" 1/aca" "e1ara(a" &na (i"tancia L7 La 1/aca "&1eri!r "e m&e0e a &na 0e/!ci(a( c!n"tante 0 (e#i(! a /a acci3n (e &na 2&er%a F7 E/ e"2&er%! (e c!rte 9 8&e ejerce /a 1/aca "&1eri!r a/ /8&i(! e"tá (e2ini(! 1!r: F τ = A
D!n(e A e" e/ área (e /a 1/aca "&1eri!r en /a c&a/ "e a1/ica /a 2&er%a7 La" &ni(a(e" (e/ e"2&er%! en e/ Si"tema Internaci!na/ SI; "!n /!" Pa"ca/e" 3 N
D!n(e = e" e/ (e"1/a%amient! (e/ materia/ > L e" e/ e"1aciamient! entre /a 1/aca "&1eri!r > /a in2eri!r7 P!r e//!6 e" 8&e en /!" 2/&i(!" e" má" *ti/ e/ c!nce1t! (e ra1i(e% (e (e2!rmaci3n6 8&e re1re"enta a /a 0ariaci3n (e /a (e2!rmaci3n re"1ect! (e/ tiem1!7 γ =
d γ dt
La" &ni(a(e" (e /a ra1i(e% (e (e2!rmaci3n "!n "?@7 Si /a (i"tancia L "e mantiene c!n"tante6 ent!nce": γ =
dx 1 = v L dt L 1
D!n(e 0 e" /a 0e/!ci(a( (e /a 1/aca "&1eri!r7
En /!" "3/i(!"6 e/ m3(&/! (e c!rte e" &na 1r!1ie(a( caracter"tica (e/ materia/ 8&e re1re"enta /a re"i"tencia a "er (e2!rma(! > "e e=1re"a c!m! /a ra%3n entre e/ e"2&er%! (e c!rte > /a (e2!rmaci3n &nitaria7 A/ 4rá2ic! (e/ e"2&er%! (e c!rte > /a ra1i(e% (e (e2!rmaci3n "e /e c!n!ce c!m! c&r0a (e 2/&j! ! re!4ráma7
MARCO TEÓRICO Ley de ne!"n de #$ %&'("'&d$d Para ciert!" 2/&i(!" e/ e"2&er%! c!rtante "!#re &na inter2a% tan4ente a /a (irecci3n (e 2/&j!6 e" 1r!1!rci!na/ a /a ta"a (e cam#i! (e /a 0e/!ci(a( c!n re"1ect! a /a (i"tancia7 τ = μ∗γ
τ
e"2&er%! (e c!rte
μ
0i"c!"i(a( (e c!rte (e/ 2/&i(!
γ
ra1i(e% (e (e2!rmaci3n ! (e c!rte
De"cri#e e/ c!m1!rtamient! #aj! 2/&j! (e &n c!nj&nt! (e 2/&i(!" //ama(!" Net!nian!"
F#)&d"' Ne!"n&$n"' La ten"i3n (e c!rte e" (irectamente 1r!1!rci!na/ a /a (e2!rmaci3n (e 2/&i(!7
F#)&d"' n" Ne!"n&$n"' E" &na "&"tancia 8&e (e#i(! a "& 1!ca c!e"i3n interm!/ec&/ar6 carece (e 2!rma 1r!1ia > a(!1ta /a 2!rma (e/ reci1iente 8&e /! c!ntiene7 C&>a 0i"c!"i(a( re"i"tencia a 2/&ir; 0ara c!n e/ 4ra(iente (e ten"i3n 8&e "e /e a1/ica6 e" (ecir6 "e (e2!rma en /a (irecci3n (e /a 2&er%a a1/ica(a7 C!m! re"&/ta(!6 &n 2/&i(! n!net!nian! n! tiene &n 0a/!r (e 0i"c!"i(a( (e2ini(! > c!n"tante6 a (i2erencia (e &n 2/&i(! net!nian!7 De /!" 2/&i(!" n! net!nian!" "a/en (!" ti1!" (e 2/&i(!"6 A(e/4a%ante" ! P"e&(!1/á"tic!" 8&e "!n a8&e//!" c&>a 0i"c!"i(a( (e c!rte (i"min&>e c&an(! /a ra1i(e% (e c!rte a&menta7 /!" 2/&i(!" e"1e"ante" ! (i/atante" "!n c&>a 0i"c!"i(a( a&menta c!n e/ increment! (e /a ra%3n (e c!rte7
Ejem1/i2ica /a" c&r0a" (e 2/&j! t1ica" 8&e 1ermiten m!"trar a/4&na" (i2erencia" entre /!" 2/&i(!" net!nian!" > /!" n! net!nian!"7 E" (e menci!nar6 8&e /a
1en(iente (e e"ta" c&r0a" re1re"enta e/ c!m1!rtamient! 0i"c!"! en 2&nci3n (e /a ra1i(e% (e (e2!rmaci3n7 Medición de la viscosidad
En /a in(&"tria (e /a 1int&ra e=i"te &n 4ran n*mer! (e m5t!(!" (e me(i(a6 (e"(e /a" "enci//a" c!1a" (e 2/&i(e% a"ta /!" 0i"c!"metr!" r!taci!na/e" c!ntr!/a(!" 1!r !r(ena(!r6 8&e an "i(! e"ta#/eci(!" 1ara /a (eterminaci3n (e /a 0i"c!"i(a(7 B +ar(ner !2rece &na /nea c!m1/eta (e in"tr&mentaci3n (e me(i(a (e /a 0i"c!"i(a(7 Copas de fluidez
Para m&ca" a1/icaci!ne" n! e" nece"ari! c!n!cer /a 0i"c!"i(a( a#"!/&ta (e &n "i"tema (e 1int&ra7 E" "&2iciente c!n &n 1arámetr! 8&e (etermine &na re/ati0a e"timaci3n7 E/ tiem1! (e ca(a ! 2/&i(e%6 me(i(! en "e4&n(!"6 e" &na me(ici3n 1ráctica7 Se (etermina c!n c!1a" (e (i2erente" m!(e/!" "e4*n n!rma" naci!na/e" e internaci!na/e"7 E"ta" c!1a" retienen &n 0!/&men (e2ini(! (e /8&i(!6 e/ c&a/ 2/&>e a tra05" (e &n !ri2ici! ! #!8&i//a7 La re1eti#i/i(a( (e e"te ti1! (e me(ici!ne" (e1en(e (e G La 1reci"i3n (e /a" (imen"i!ne" (e /a c!1a G Una tem1erat&ra c!n"tante (&rante /a me(ici3n G E/ c!m1!rtamient! Net!nian! (e/ /8&i(! Viscosímetros rotacionales
Se &"an 0ari!" ti1!" (e 0i"c!"metr!" r!taci!na/e" 1ara (eterminar /a 0i"c!"i(a( (e /8&i(!" n!Net!nian!"7 E"te ti1! (e materia/e" m&e"tran 0i"c!"i(a(e" (i2erente" (e1en(ien(! (e /a 0e/!ci(a( (e ci%a//a a1/ica(a7 B+ar(ner !2rece &na 4ama c!m1/eta (e 0i"c!"metr!" 1ara c&a/8&ier a1/icaci3n: St!rmer6 C!n! P/aca6 r!taci!na/e" c!n (i2erente" ci/in(r!"6 t&#!" > !tr!" acce"!ri!"7
Copas de inmersión
E"ta c!1a (e 0i"c!"i(a( e" a1ta 1ara &na me(ici3n rá1i(a > a1r!=ima(a (e/ tiem1! (e ca(a (e 1int&ra" > /8&i(!" 1areci(!"6 1ara /!" 2a#ricante" > a1/ica(!re" (e 1int&ra"7 En /!" aceite" (e m!t!r "e &ti/i%a /a 1a/a#ra SAE 8&e e" e/ n(ice (e c/a"i2icaci3n (e /a 0i"c!"i(a( (e /a S!ciet> !2 A&t!m!ti0e En4ineer" (e EUA7 E"te n!" in(ica e/ 4ra(! (e 0i"c!"i(a( rea/ (e/ aceite a /a tem1erat&ra (e !1eraci3n (e/ m!t!r7 Una 0e% 8&e e/ 1r!1&/"!r arranc3 > "e a ca/enta(!6 e/ aceite tra#aja c!m! &n 4ra(! SAE H6 e"t! e"J /a 0i"c!"i(a( c!n /a 8&e "e 1r!te4e a/ m!t!r /a ma>!r 1arte (e/ tiem1!7 N*mer!" má" a/t!"6 "i4ni2ican &n mej!r (e"em1e$! en a/ta" tem1erat&ra"7
