Josef Weigmann, Gerhard Kilian
Decentralizatio n with PROFIBUS DP/DPV1 Structure, configuration and use of PROFIBUS DP with SIMATIC S7
SIEMENS
Weigmann/Kilian Decentralization with PROFIBUS DP/DPV1
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ISBN 3-89578-218-1 Editor: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin and Munich Publisher: Publicis Corporate Publishing, Erlangen © Publicis KommunikationsAgentur GmbH, GWA Erlangen, 2003 This publication and all parts thereof are protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Any use of it outside the strict provisions of the copyright law without the consent of the publisher is forbidden and will incur penalties. This applies particularly to reproduction, translation, microfilming or other processing, and to storage or processing in electronic systems. It also applies to the use of extracts from the text. Printed in German y
Preface
In the last decade, rapid progress in the decentralized architecture of automated industrial plants and processes has made fieldbus systems increasingly popular. The reason for this development is obvious: installing I/O channels where they are actually needed - in the vicinity of the machine reduces installation and wiring work to a minimum. Significant cost savings are the result.
Standardized fieldbus systems with “open” communications interfaces enable the use of distributed inputs/outputs and also of intelligent, process signal-conditioning field devices from different manufacturers.
The architecture of a fieldbus system must be both transparent and open. These are important aspects for automation engineers when they have to depide which fieldbus to choose from among the wide range of components now available on thè market.
With its bus access procedure, PROFIBUS meets the important demand for data accessibility on the field level of the industrial plant. On the one hand it covers the communication re quirements in the sensor/actuator area, and on the other hand all networking functions for the so-called cell area. Particularly in the area of “distributed I/O,” PROFIBUS has become a de facto internationally accepted standard with a large selection of connectable field devices.
This book describes PROFIBUS (PROcessFIeldBUS), an open fieldbus system that complies with the EN (EuropaNorm) standard, Volume 2 [1]/IEC 61158 [10], and whose protocol has been specialized for decentralized peripherals (DP). We have written this book with the goal of making it as easy as possible for system engineers, programmers and commissioning engineers to familiarize themselves with the subject and implement automation tasks with PROFIBUS DP. The use of PROFIBUS DP/DPV1 is illustrated by many example projects based on the SIMATIC S7 automation system and STEP 7 Version
5.1 SP3.
In this second, revised, and updated edition, new interrupts and user program interfaces in the SIMATIC S7 are introduced with regard to the DPV1 expansion.
While it is advisable that you have a basic knowledge of the SIMATIC S7-300 and SIMATIC S7400 programmable controllers and the STL (statement list) programming language, this is not an essential requirement. Josef Weigmann, Gerhard Kilia
n
Contents
Erlangen, July 2003
1
PROFIBUS Fundamentals................................ ....................................13
1.1 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3
ISO/OSI Model....................................................................................................13 Architecture and Versions of the Protocol...........................................................14 PROFIBUS DP....................................................................................................15 PROFIBUS FMS.................................................................................................15 PROFIBUS PA....................................................................................................15
1.3 1.3.1
1.3.5
PROFIBUS Layer................................................................................................16 Physical Layer (Layer 1) for DP/FMS (RS 485)................................................................ 16 Physical Layer (Layer 1) for DP/FMS (Fiber Optic Cable)...............................................19 Physical Layer (Layer 1) for PA.........................................................................................21 Fieldbus Data Link (Layer 2).............................................................................................23 Application Layer (Layer 7)................................................................................25
1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3
Bus Topology.......................................................................................................27 RS 485 ............................................................................................................... 27 Fiber Optics.........................................................................................................29 Topology acc. to IEC 1158-2 (PROFIBUS PA)...................................................30
1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2
Bus Access Control in a PROFIBUS Network....................................................31 Token Bus Procedure...........................................................................................32 Master-Slave Procedure.......................................................................................33
1.6
Bus Parameters....................................................................................................33
1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4
2
Types of Bus Devices and Data Communication
with PROFIBUS DP.......................................................................................35 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4
Types of Bus Devices..........................................................................................37 DP Master (Class 1).............................................................................................37 DP Slave..............................................................................................................37 DP Master (Class 2).............................................................................................37 DP Combination Devices.....................................................................................38
2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2
Data Communication between the Various Types of DP Devices........................38 DP Communication Relationships and DP Data Exchange.................................38 Initialization Phase, Restait and User Data Communication...............................39
2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2
PROFIBUS DP Cycle..........................................................................................43 Setup of a PROFIBUS DP Cycle.........................................................................43 Setup of a Constant PROFIBUS DP Cycle..........................................................44
2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2
Data Exchange by means of Cross Communication............................................44 Master-Slave Relationship with Cross Communication......................................45 Slave-Slave Relationship with Cross Communication........................................46
2.5
DPV1 Functional Expansions.............................................................................46
3
PROFIBUS DP in SIMATIC S7 Systems..............................................48
3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2
PROFIBUS DP Interfaces in SIMATIC S7 Systems...........................................48 Other Communication Functions Using DP Interfaces........................................57 S7 Functions........................................................................................................57 FDL Services.......................................................................................................57
3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.3.6 3.3.7 3.3.8
System Response of the DP Interfaces in SIMATIC S7 Controllers.....................58 Startup Behavior of DP Master Interfaces in the SIMATIC S7...........................58 Failure/Recovery of DP Slave Stations................................................................58 Insert/Remove Interrupt for DP Slave Stations....................................................58 Diagnostic Interrupts Generated by DP Slave Stations........................................59 Process Interrupts Generated by DP Slave Stations................. ..........................59 Status Interrupt of DP Slave Stations...................................................................59 Update Interrupt of DP Slave Stations.................................................................59 Vendor-Specific Interrupt of DP Slave Stations...................................................60
3.4 DP Slave Types in SIMATIC S7 Systems.............................................................60 3.4.1 Compact DP Slaves.............................................................................................60
3.4.2 3.4.3
Modular DP Slaves..............................................................................................60 Intelligent Slaves (I Slaves).................................................................................61
4
Programming and Configuring PROFIBUS DP with STEP 7...........62
4.1 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 5 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.2.7 5.2.8 5.2.9 5.2.10 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.4.5 5.4.6 5.4.7 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2
STEP 7 Fundamentals..........................................................................................63 Example Project with PROFIBUS DP.................................................................64 Creating a New STEP 7 Project...........................................................................65 Inserting Objects in the STEP 7 Project...............................................................65 PROFIBUS Network Settings.............................................................................66 Configuring the Hardware Using the HW Config Program.................................72 Configuring DP Slaves........................................................................................74 DP User Program Interfaces...................................................................................83 Basics of DP User Program Interfaces................................................................ 83 Organization Blocks (OBs).....................................................................................83 DP-Related System Functions (SFCs)....................................................................84 Basics of SIMATIC S7 Data Records.....................................................................87 Organization Blocks................................................................................................89 Cyclically Processed Main Program (OBI).............................................................89 Process Interrupts (OB40 to OB47).................................................................. 90 Status Interrupt (OB55)..........................................................................................91 Update Interrupt (OB56).........................................................................................91 Vendor-Specific Interrupt (OB57)...........................................................................92 Diagnostic Interrupts (OB82).................................................................................93 Insert/Remove Module Interrupts (OB83)..............................................................95 Program Sequence Error (OB85)............................................................................97 Rack Failure (OB86)...............................................................................................99 I/O Access Error (OB 122)................................................................................ 103 DP User Data Communication and Process Interrupt Functions........................ 104 Exchange of Consistent DP Data with SFC14 DPRD_DAT and SFC15 DPWRJDAT.................................................................................... 104 Control Commands SYNC and FREEZE Transmitted with SFC11 DPSYC_FR............................................................................................. 106 Triggering a Process Interrupt on the DP Master with SFC7 DP_PRAL . . . . 110 Reading DP Diagnostic Data.............................................................................. 112 Reading the Standard Diagnostic Data of a DP Slave with SFC13 DPNRM_DG.......................................................................................... 112 Interrupt from a DP Slave Received with SFB54 RALRM................................113 DP-Related System State List (SZL)................................................................. 120 Layout of a System Status Sublist..................................................................... 121 Reading System Status Sublists with SFC51 RDSYSST.................................... 121 Available System Status Sublists....................................................................... 124 Special Features of SFC51 RDSYSST................................................................ 125 Reading and Writing Data Records/Parameters................................................. 125 Writing Dynamic Parameters with SFC55 WR_PARM...................................... 125 Writing a Predefined Data Record/Parameter from the SDB with SFC56 WRJDPARM........................................................................................... 128
5.5.3 5.5.4 5.5.5 5.5.6 5.5.7
6
Writing All Predefined Data Records/Parameters from the SDB with SFC57 PARM_MOD.......................................................................................... 129 Writing a Data Record/Parameter with SFC58 WRJREC..................................130 Reading Data Record with SFC59 RD_REC..................................................... 133 Read Data Set with SFB52 RDREC................................................................... 134 Write Data Set with SFB53 WDREC................................................................. 135
Example Projects for Data Communication with
7.................................................PROFIBUS DP.................................... ...................................................141 7.1
Data Communication with I/O Access Commands............................................ 141
7.2
Exchanging Consistent Data with SFC14 DPRDJDAT and SFC15 DPWRJDAT..................................................................................... 143 7.2.1 User Program for I-Slave (S7-300 with CPU315-2DP).....................................144 7.2.2 User Program for DP Master (S7-400 with CPU416-2DP)...............................147 7.2.3 Testing the Data Exchange between DP Master and I Slave..............................148 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2
Handling Process Interrupts.............................................................................. 149 Generating Process Interrupts on the I Slave (S7-300)...................................... 149 Processing Process Interrupts on the DP Master (S7-400)................................. 151
7.4 7.4.1
Transferring Data Records and Parameters........................................................ Layout of the Data Record (DR1) for the Analog Input Modules of SIMATIC S7-300 .......................................................................................... Example: Changing the Parameters of Analog Input Modules Using SFC55 WRJPARM.............................................................................................. Testing the Parameters for the Analog Input Module Changed with SFC55 WR_PARM.............................................................................................. User Program for Changing the Parameter Set for the Analog Input Module Using SFC56 WRJDPARM.................................................................... Testing the Parameters for the Analog Input Module Changed with SFC56 WR_DPARM...........................................................................................
7.4.2 7.4.3 7.4.4 7.4.5
152 153 155 157 157 158
7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2
Triggering the DP Control Commands SYNC/FREEZE...................................158 Example of SYNC/FREEZE with DP Master IM 467 ...................................... 160 Generating the User Program for the SYNC/FREEZE Function.......................165
7.6 7.6.1
Exchanging Data Using Cross Communication................................................. 168 Example Project for Cross Communication with I Slaves (CPU 315-2DP). . . 168
8
Diagnostic Functions for PROFIBUS DP...........................................179
8.1
Diagnosis by means of LEDs on the SIMATIC S7 CPUs, the DP Master Interfaces and the DP Slaves....................................................... 180 8.1.1 LEDs of the S7-300........................................................................................... 180 8.1.2 LEDs of the S7-400 CPUs Equipped with a DP Interface................................. 182 8.1.3 LEDs of the DP Slaves.............. ....................................................................... 184 8.2 Diagnosis by means of Online Functions of the STEP 7 Program..................... 185 8.2.1 Display Accessible Nodes in SIMATIC Manager...............................................185 8.2.2 ONLINE, Function in SIMATIC Manager......................................................... 189 8.2.3 Module Information in SIMATIC Manager....................................................... 190 8.2.4 Diagnose Hardware in SIMATIC Manager...................................................... 196 8.3 Diagnosis by means of the User Program.......................................................... 198 8.3.1 DP-Slave Diagnosis Using SFC13 DPNRM_DG.............................................. 199 8.3.2 Diagnosis Using SFC51 RDSYSST in OB82..................................................... 201 8.3.3 Diagnostics Using SFB54 RALRM....................................................................203 8.4 8.4.1 8.5 8.6 8.6.1 8.6.2 8.6.3
Diagnosis Using the SIMATIC S7 Diagnostic Block FB125 ........................... 205 Diagnostic Block FB 125 .................................................................................. 206 Diagnosis Using a PROFIBUS Bus Monitor.....................................................207 Diagnostics with the Diagnostic Repeater.........................................................209 Determining the Topology............................................ ...................................210 Tracing Faults....................................................................................................211 Requirements for Operating the Diagnostic Repeater.......................................212
9
Setting Up and Commissioning a PROFIBUS DP System................214
9.1 9.1.1 9.1.2 9.1.3 9.1.4
Tips on Setting Up a PROFIBUS DP System....................................................214 System Setup with Grounded Reference Potential............................................214 System Setup with Ungrounded Reference Potential........................................216 Installing the PROFIBUS Cable........................................................................216 Shielding the PROFIBUS Cable........................................................................217
9.2 Tips on the Initial Start-Up of a PROFIBUS DP System...................................217 9.2.1 Bus Cables and Bus Plug Connectors................................................................217 9.2.2 Checking the PROFIBUS Bus Cable and the Bus Plug Connectors..................217 9.2.3 Bus Termination.................................................................................................221 9.3 9.3.1 9.3.2 9.3.3 9.3.4 9.3.5
BT 200 Test Device for the Bus Physics of PROFIBUS DP.............................221 Wiring Test........................................................................................................222 Station Test (RS 485)......................................................................................... 222 Branch Test........................................................................................................223 Distance Measurement.......................................................................................223 Reflection Test...................................................................................................223
9.4
Signal Test of the DP Inputs and Outputs...........................................................224
10
Other DP-Related STEP 7 Functions..................................................226
10.1 GSD Files..........................................................................................................226 10.1.1 Installing a New GSD File.................................................................................226 10.1.2 Importing a Station GSD File............................................................................226 10.2
Assigning and Changing the PROFIBUS Address............................................227
10.3
NETPRO...........................................................................................................228 10.4 PG Online Functions.......... • • . ............................................................229 10.5 NCM Diagnostics....................................................................................229
Glossary........................................................................................................................ 231 Abbreviation.................................................................................................................244 Standards and Regulation...........................................................................................247 Index 248
