These are workouts Based on the principle of Magneto Geometrical Application.
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Descripción: qUIRATES
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These are workouts Based on the principle of Magneto Geometrical Application.Full description
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DATA RATES IN GSM TECHNOLOGY by SHEBIN.A.KHALAM
History In 1st G AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) developed in U.S in 1983 In 2nd G there was introduction of CDMA, TDMA and GSM Between 2nd and 2.5th G of GPRS Between 2.5 th and 3rd G there was an introduction introduction EDGE TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY
Topics of Discussion
Mobile evolution Data rates in 3G 2.5G HSCSD (High-speed circuit-switched data ) GPRS (General Packet Radio Service ) EDGE (Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution) HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access ) UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access )
Mobile Evolution
1st generation mobile communication 2nd generation mobile communication 2.5th generation mobile communication 3rd generation mobile communication 3G and above
GSM Data Rates are Global
GSM data rates with GPRS are in all operator cases across the globe are between 30-40kb/s CDMA 1X user data rates vary from up to 90kb/s in a fragmented Korean market where they have a mixture of proprietary solutions to 43kb/s in the US, which has been measured by Nokia GSM/EDGE user data rates will be 80-100kb/s with the first handsets handsets and then 160 to 200kb/s 200kb/s by end of 2003 WCDMA networks are already in working trials and the terminals have passed regulatory type approval (dual mode) in Europe and Japan Immediacy of service will have the biggest impact on the network load and impact costs
2.5G
HSCSD (High-Speed Circuit Switched Data) GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) 144 kbps data only EDGE (Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution) 384 kbps data HSDPA (High-speed downlink packet access) Asymmetric. 2 Mbps+ downlink.
3G Technologies
Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA): Next Generation GSM. Uses 5 MHz channel width ⇒ 2 Mbps CDMA2000: Next Generation CDMA (IS-95) 1.25 MHz Channels ⇒ 144 kbps 3x, 6x, 9x, and 12x in future 3x (3XRTT): 3.75 MHz channel ⇒ 2 Mbps UWC-136: Next Generation TDMA (IS-136) 200 kHz Channels ⇒ 384 kbps or 1.6 MHz Channels ⇒ 2 Mbps Developed by Universal Wireless Communications Communications Consortium Consortium (UWCC) Goal: Provide high-speed packet based Voice and Data
HSCSD
High-Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD) First attempt to get high-speed hi gh-speed data over GSM Allows data users to get 1 to 8 slots Data rates up to 115 kbps Circuit switched ⇒ Constant data rate Not suitable for bursty data Not widely implemented GPRS is more widely implemented
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Standard GSM has 8 slots per 200 kHz channel ⇒ 9.6 kbps data GPRS allows any number of slots to a user
4 different codings used depending upon channel condition 9.05 kbps to 21.4 kbps per slot 76-171 kbps using all 8 slots.
GPRS user can hop channels (as in CDPD). 2.5G Technology
EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
Can increase the capacity and data throughput typically to 3-4-fold over GPRS Theoretical maximum speeds of up to 473 kilobits per second (kbps) Average recognizable data rates between 80 and 130 kbps TDMA carriers must still convert to GSM, then add GPRS before deploying EDGE technology
HSDPA
High-Speed Downlink Packet Access for WCDMA Improved spectral efficiency for downlink ⇒ Asymmetric Up to 10 Mbps in theory, 2Mbps+ in practice Announced by Siemens, then by Ericsson, Alcatel, Fujitsu Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) Multi-code (multiple CDMA channels) channels) transmission Fast physical layer (L1) hybrid ARQ (H-ARQ) Packet scheduler moved from the radio network controller (RNC) to the Node-B (base station) ⇒ advanced packet scheduling techniques ⇒ user data rate can be adjusted to match the instantaneous radio channel conditions.
DATA RATES Technology
Bandwidth
Data Rate/User (Theory)
Data Rate/User (Realistic)
GSM
200 kHz
9.6 kbps
9.6 kbps
GPRS
200 kHz
172 kbps
40 kbps
EDGE
200 kHz
474 kbps
100 kbps
CDMA2000 3x
3.75 MHz
2 Mbps
384 kbps
WCDMA
5 MHz
2 Mbps
1 Mbps
UMTS
Currently six bands that are specified for the use for UMTS/WCDMA. Much of the focus on UMTS is currently on frequency allocations around 2GHz. Uplink Frequency: 1885- 2025 MHZ Down Downli link nk Fre Frequ quen ency cy:: 2110 2110-- 2200 2200 MHz MHz The channels are spaced by 5MHz. The downlink uses quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) for all transport channels. Uplink used two separate channels so that the cycling of the transmitter on or off does not cause interference to the audio lines.
