DAS Bootcamp Distributed Antenna Systems 101
Bryce Bregen, VP of Sales and Marketing Bryce Bregen has more than 20 years of sales management and channel development expertise in telecom and wireless. He manages all direct and indirect sales channels including enterprise, carrier and manufacturing/distribution partners partners. Since joining Connectivity Wireless, Wireless Bregen has aggressively expanded sales channels to extend in-building wireless services to all major markets across the U.S. Bregen is a BICSI Corporate member as well as presenter for the BICSI organization on DAS trends. He is also a t team member b ffor DAS standards t d d committee, itt a councilil member b off Th The DAS FForum, a presenter t ffor th the A American i Architect Institute, an ACUTA corporate member and presenter, and Carolinas and Atlanta Wireless Association member. Prior to Connectivity Wireless, Bregen held sales executive positions with several in-building wireless companies and was responsible for driving sales revenue growth and expansion into multiple distribution channels. He also previously managed nationwide sales for wireless and telecom companies, delivering services to Fortune 1000 companies across a wide range of industries including government and education, hospitality, healthcare, telecom and wireless and has overseen more than 2,500 DAS installations.
Tyler Boyd, Nationwide Performance Engineer As a performance RF engineer for Connectivity, Tyler applies his concentrated in-building wireless (DAS) knowledge to ensure best-in-class system performance and consistent RF engineering throughout the U.S. With project experience spanning several industries—including hospitality, higher education, commercial, i l and d sporting ti and d entertainment—Boyd t t i t B dh has d designed, i d engineered, i d commissioned i i d and d managed some the nation’s largest venues, while providing extensive customer support throughout the duration of each project. Boyd is certified in all major DAS technologies.
Learning Objectives • • • • • • • • •
About the Presenting Company What is a DAS? Wireless Industry Trends The Players in the DAS Ecosystem Drivers of DAS (Vertical Markets) DAS C Case St Study d DAS Engineering Basics Best Practices Q&A
About Connectivity Wireless CONNECTING EVERYONE, EVERYWHERE •
Headquartered in Georgia
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Nationwide service
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Services focus on Distributed Antenna Systems
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Proven service delivery model
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Founded in 2008 by wireless industry veterans
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2,500+ DAS solutions deployed 2,500
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More than 100+ talented team members
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Technology neutral
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Degreed engineers, certified project managers and technicians
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More than 100 million square feet of DAS coverage installed since 2012
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Single or multi-service systems
What is a DAS? Distributed Antenna System
What is a DAS? •
A distributed antenna system, or DAS, is a network of spatially separated antenna nodes connected to a common transport medium—typically coax or fiber-optic cable—that provides wireless service within an area, building or structure.
•
The DAS can be driven by a direct connection to a p / g radio base station of an “off-air” repeater/signal booster.
•
Why DAS? To extend cellular and public safety coverage and capacity to the inside of buildings.
DAS: How it Works Donor Antenna In-building In building Antennas
C Coax
Public Safety Donor Site
Coax Cabling Fiber Distribution Remote Unit
Fiber Distribution Head- End Equipment
Bi-directional A lifi or R Amplifier Repeater t Fiber Cabling
Head-end Equipment Room
Cellular Signal Source
Simple Comparison of Types of IBW Systems Feature
Passive DAS
Active DAS
Pico/Femto
Coverage and capacity
Coverage and capacity
Coverage and capacity
1-3 weeks
1-3 weeks
Few days
Carrier
Multi
Multi
Single
Band
Multi
Multi
Single
Scalability
Limited due to absence of active electronics
Fully scalable
Limited by handover
End Use
Med-large Med large buildings buildings, 100K -500K sq. ft.)
Very large buildings 100K-1 100K 1 million sq. ft.
Small/medium, residential Small/medium and SOHO
Coverage vs. Capacity Installation
Wireless Industry Trends In-building Wireless (IBW)
DAS Market Today • Wireless services driven by data, multimedia and voice • Businesses running operations on smartphones smartphones, tablets and aircards • 80% of voice calls and 90% of data usage is indoors • Commercial customers need coverage for multiple carriers and neutral-host environments- BYOD IT Strategy being implemented • DAS a necessity for businesses and their customers • Carriers are more challenged selling single-carrier DAS • Businesses B i are b budgeting d i ffor DAS
Wireless by the Numbers 2013 *Strong, continued growth in wireless usage, particularly data and multimedia services •
Mobile data traffic was 1.5 Exabytes per month in 2013, the equivalent of 372 million DVDs each month or 4,100 million text messages each second
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Global mobile data traffic grew 81 percent last year
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321.7 million subscriber connections (17% increase)
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101% of US population uses wireless; 34% are wireless-only households
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2.27 trillion SMS sent/received (9% increase) 56.6 billion MMS sent/received (64% increase)
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Data traffic on wireless networks exceeds 1.1 trillion megabytes 104% increase over previous 12 mo.)
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78.2 million active smartphones (57% increase) 270 million data-capable devices (5.3% increase)
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Wireless l enabled bl d tablets, bl llaptops and d modems: d 13.6 million (14.2% increase)
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$68.3 billion in wireless data revenue or (38% of total revenue)
*Sources: CTIA Semi-Annual Surveys and Cisco VNI
DAS Market Tomorrow This is Next •
Globally, mobile data traffic will reach 15.9 Exabytes per month by 2018, the equivalent of 3,965 million DVDs each month or 43,709 million text messages each second
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By 2018, 57 percent of IP traffic and 52 percent of consumer Internet traffic will originate from non-PC devices, up from 33 percent IP traffic and 15 percent consumer internet traffic in 2013.
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Mobile traffic per user will reach 3,049 megabytes per month by 2018, up from 356 megabytes per month in 2013, a CAGR of 54%. Global IP traffic by device
Considering this rapid growth, ABI Research predicts that DAS will be the most prevalent between 2014 and 2019, accounting for more than 60% of the in building wireless market in-building
DAS for Public Safety Mandates for radio service for public safety • ICC & NFPA codes mandate first first-responder responder coverage • 150+ local municipalities now mandate public safety coverage inside large buildings • Indoor cellular/PCS service required for E911 location • 700 & 800 MHz bands allocated for fire and police p • 400,000 E911 calls per day (CTIA Semi-Annual Survey, Jan-June 2012) •
According the FCC, 70% of E911 calls are made from wireless i l phones h
Players in the Value Chain The DAS Ecosystem
The Players in the DAS Ecosystem DAS OEMs
Wireless Carriers
Consultants A&E Firms
DAS Integrator
E d End-user Customer Cable Contractors
Distribution
Roles in the Ecosystem Customer
Drives demand for DAS
DAS OEMs
Manufactures the DAS components. Supports the integrators with product training.
Wireless Carriers
Set the design standards. Provides the RF source. Participates in funding.
Distributors
Supplies pp inventoryy locally. y Facilitates local trainingg and education. Works with partners to generate opportunities.
Cable Contractors
Installs DAS cable infrastructure. Leverages their GC/end-user relationships.
Consultants and A&E Firms
Educates the end-user and GC. Develops and publishes the bid spec. Evaluates bid responses.
DAS Integrators
Interfaces with all ecosystem players to ensure successful deployment of g implements p and supports pp the DAS. Coordinates carrier the DAS. Designs, funding and integration.
Ownership Models Carrier • 100% funded and operated by carrier
Neutral-Host
• Typically T i ll single i l carrier i
• 100% funded and operated by independent third party (i e tower company) (i.e.,
• Carriers may form consortium
• Owner leases space back to the carriers
• Neutral-host approach remains untested
• Neutral-host
Landlord • Funded by building owner • Deployed D l d and d operated t d by DAS integrator • Carriers/3rd / p parties mayy partially fund • Multi-carrier
Drivers of DAS Vertical Markets
Candidates for DAS • • • • • • • • •
Offices/Corporate Campus Retail/Shopping Malls Healthcare/Hospitals Airports/Train Stations Manufacturing/Industrial Hotels/Casinos/Convention Centers Sports Venues/Stadiums University Campuses Government/Municipalities
Low E Glass Low E Glass reflects or absorbs IR light (heat energy) AND radio waves, causing major inbuilding wireless coverage problems.
Drivers in Healthcare •
78% of Americans expressed interest in mobile health (Harris Interactive & CTIA)
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In 2013, mobile health monitoring was one of the 10 most popular mobile applications (Gartner Research)
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Clinicians are early adopters of wireless devices like smartphones and tablets
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Approximately 80% of physicians currently use smartphones, with that number expected to grow in the coming years
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Mobile access to patients’ electronic medical records (EMR)
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Mobile monitoring of patient vitals, lab results, imaging exams, etc.
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Ubiquitous RF radio communications coverage for first responders to ensure public safety (police, fire and EMS)
Drivers in Hospitality •
Unlike a university or hospital, hotel or casino customers can stay/go elsewhere if they experience poor cellular coverage
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Travelers reliant on smartphones and data cards
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Customer satisfaction and retention is driving DAS in the hospitality sector
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A meeting planner that books a conference at a hotel with poor cellular coverage will only make that mistake once
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Resort properties − How many people l turn-off ff their h Blackberry l kb or iPhones h when h they’re on a short vacation? What corner of the property gets coverage?
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Similar to higher-education, hotel Wi-Fi deployment is likely a l di iindicator leading di t ffor ffuture t DAS deployments d l t
Drivers in Higher Education •
First-responders need reliable 2-way radio coverage in all buildings, tunnels, basements, etc.
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Student and faculty multi-carrier cell phone coverage is a matter of convenience and safety
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Demand for coverage in stadiums
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Parents want instant access to their kids
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Students use wireless as primary mode of voice and data communications
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Colleges/universities are decommissioning land lines in d dorms and db buildings ildi
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32% of wireless users are wireless-only (no landlines)
Drivers in Public Venues •
Stadiums, conference centers, malls and public transportation hubs have too many users trying to access the wireless network at the same time
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Large concentrations of people cause poor service, dropped calls
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Density of users affects venue directly AND wireless coverage and capacity in the surrounding areas
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Wireless network must support public safety and communications for security personnel
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Carriers eager to fund DAS in these venues to offload traffic from macro network
DAS in Action Case Studies
Turner Field – Atlanta, Ga. Challenge: • Fans, drivers on adjacent freeways and subscribers in surrounding areas could not make calls due to coverage and capacity issues Solution: •
DAS network covers 800,000 sq. ft. to serve stadium holding up to 50,096 fans
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DAS extends coverage to entire facility: upper/lower deck seating, all back-ofhouse area, locker rooms, press areas, concession stands and parking
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6 sectors, expandable to 14
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Collaborated with Andrew/CommScope on design and installed the complete system
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Met aggressive three-month deployment timeline with two, twelve-man crews working 24 hours for the last month before go-live on opening day in April 2010
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Designed to -65 dBm to overcome the existing macro network and ensure coverage throughout
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Service Provider: AT&T 2G and 3G service
University of Iowa – Hospitals and Clinics Challenge: • University of Iowa’s campus is the second largest city in Iowa and was challenged with wireless coverage and capacity issues • Physicians clinical and administrative staff demanded wireless coverage throughout Physicians, facility for cellular voice, data and healthcare applications to support delivery of highquality patient care services Solution: • DAS network provides 95% coverage for 13 buildings and approximately 3 million square feet • SOLiD DAS equipment utilized • DAS supports 700/800/900/1900/2100 MHz spectrum • Service Providers Supported: AT&T, Verizon, US Cellular, Sprint • Over 90,000 feet of coaxial cable with more than 60,000 feet of 12/48 strand SM fiber • 135 remote units with 870 in-building wireless antennas • I Installation ll i time i fframe – 12 months h • Administrators plan to expand the DAS to other areas of campus
Waldorf Astoria Orlando® and Hilton o Orlando O a do Bonnet o e Creek ee Challenge: • Needed to ensure reliable coverage for cell phones, smartphones/iPhones and aircards for guests and road warriors at new premium Waldorf Astoria and adjacent Hilton brand property Solution: • DAS network covers two hotels with 1,000 rooms and suites on 482 acres of woodlands an waterways • Reliable broadband wireless coverage for common areas, restaurants shops and meeting spaces restaurants, • Met aggressive 3-month deployment timeline with two, 12man crews working 24 hours for the last month before go-live on opening day in April 2010 • Full-service, Full service turnkey solution including planning planning, design design, carrier coordination, and installation • Service Providers: AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile and Verizon
Athens Regional Medical Center Challenge: • Physicians, clinical and administrative staff demanded wireless i l coverage th throughout h t ffacility ilit ffor cellular ll l voice, i d data t and healthcare applications to support delivery of highquality patient care services Solution: • DAS network covers 500,000 sq. ft. to serve most of the buildings on campus; additional buildings to follow • DAS extends coverage most of the buildings and work areas including main hospital, emergency department and parking structures • five five-month month deployment timeline • Service Providers: AT&T, Sprint and Verizon
Daytona International Speedway • DAS Application – Installed for leading neutral host provider to support full MIMO - Verizon Wireless and AT&T – 22 million+ square foot speedway – Covers all indoor suite and outdoor areas of the facility
• SOLiD – 65 low power Alliance ROUs & 14 high power Titan ROUs – Efficient technology for this particular application – More than 80,000 feet of coaxial cable and 40,000 feet of 12 strand fiber – 76 Omni and 156 oDAS Panel Antennas
Daytona International Speedway Installation Photos
DAS Case Study: Tampa Convention Center & Raymond y James Stadium
DAS Engineering Basics Distributed Antenna Systems
The DAS Life Cycle
Why is Indoor Coverage Poor? • The building is acting as an RF shield – – – –
Fortified construction: hospitals, government buildings, etc. Highly g y tinted windows: energy-efficient, gy , green g buildingg efforts Lack of coverage in below grade floors Elevators and center areas of the building
• High g rise buildings g ((typically yp y more than 15 floors))
– High levels of RF interference from cell towers degrade service – Lower level and below-grade floors are often shadowed from towers (roof tops)
• The buildingg is blocked from the tower byy other buildings g • The WSP/PS Network Cell Site Tower is too far away – Some WSP tower locations may be closer than others
• New technologies are being broadcast on higher frequencies
Is a Coverage System Required? Wireless Service Provider (WSP) Commercial Services • • • •
Is there often less than 3 “BARS” on a phone? Do people complain about poor cellular coverage indoors? Do people need to stand next to a window to make a call? D Does th the owner wantt tto guarantee t ffullll coverage??
Public Safetyy Services (police, (p , fire,, rescue)) • • • •
Does the city have a first-responder in-building coverage ordinance? Do first responders complain about poor 2-way radio coverage? Is there coverage in the stairwells and elevators? Do you have liability concerns?
DAS System Configurations Passive DAS - Coax used to distribute RF signals • Only active component – BDA/Repeater/Small Cell • Ideal Id l solution l ti ffor smaller ll venues <150K 150K sq. ft. ft • Limited growth or expansion capability • Parallel systems required for carrier and public safety • Do D nott ttypically i ll offload ffl d th the carriers’ i ’ macro network t k Active DAS - Adds RF FO conversion, fiber, and distributed amplifiers • Commonly driven by cell site base stations • Scalable – Single to multi-band/operator installations • Cost-effective multi-carrier coverage over 150,000 sq. ft. • Flexible for growth and expansion • One system for cellular carriers and 700/800/900 public safety • Offloads the carriers macro network if driven by BTS sources
Public Safety • NFPA Guidelines – NFPA 72 2010 – Issued I d iin A Aprilil off 2009 – Only applicable if the municipality adopts this portion of the code
• Require Public Safety coverage inside facilities – Fire, Police, First Responders
– No building size is identified – defines coverage – If the municipality adopts the codes - it would be enforceable for new buildings and major renovations
• Includes discussion on retransmission agreements • Public Safety officials want permission before rebroadcasting
– Poor designs can harm coverage
Public Safety • 99% coverage in critical areas include command center, elevator lobbies, and exit stairs • 90% coverage for remaining areas • Component enclosures in NEMA 4/4X type enclosure • Repeater equipment shall be FCC approved and certification • UPS requirements – Primary is dedicated branch circuit – Secondary is 12-hour battery backup
• Annual A l ttesting ti required i d ffor active ti components t and d system t
The Correct Tools are Critical for Success • Site Surveys and Needs Analysis – – – –
iBwave Mobile Si l G Signal Generators t Spectrum Analyzers ZK Cell Test, Agilent, and/or SeeGull Ambient Signal Testers
• Design – iBwave (equipment layout and propagation analysis) – AutoCAD (for construction drawing sets)
• Commissioning – – – –
iOLM or similar OTDR test equipment Spectrum Analyzers Signal Generators JDSU and/or PCTEL software
Coverage Needs Analysis
Coverage Needs Analysis • Two main factors that demonstrate signal: – RSSI – Received Signal Strength Indicator • • • •
Measured in dBm -85 dBm is the typical threshold Lower dBm ( e.g. e g -95 95 dBm) = lower signal No longer is -85 dBm a standard in the carrier world –Today’s DAS built on Dominance
– Quality • Typically a Signal to Noise based ratio – Ec/Io, SQE, C/I • Thresholds vary per service provider • Noisy N i room example l (hi (high h rise) i )
Coverage Needs Analysis • Methodology +
– Measure multiple service providers and technologies – Test signals are used to determine internal wall losses and propagation characteristics – Log data layer on top of floor plan layer – Analyze log data with indoor mapping analysis software – Data is collected and post-processed • RSSI , RSRP, SQE and Quality • Overlay of floor plans • DAS enhancement recommendations are provided based on data
– Public Safety – Spectrum Analyzer Methods
Coverage Needs Analysis University of Iowa Benchmark Campus Drive All Reports PDFs PDF Raw Data
Site Survey
Construction Site Survey • • • • •
• • •
Equipment Room (ER Identification) RF Obstacles such as stairs and elevators Interior wall materials – Concrete vs. drywall Ceiling heights and type – Drop-tile or hard ceiling Cable pathways – Vertical chases – Horizontal cabling supports (conduit, cable trays, J-hooks, etc.) Existing RF systems Power and Wall Space MDF and IDF locations
Site Survey
Site Survey Spectrum Analyzer A Ref Level : -30.0 30 0
-30
M1: -97.46 dBm @ 899.0 MHz
dB dBm
dB / Div :
-40
10.0 dB
-50 -60 dBm
-70 -80 80 -90 -100 -110 -120 M1
-130 864.5
868.0
871.5
CF: 881.5 MHz RBW: 30 kHz Std: Min Sweep Time: 1.00 Milli Sec Date: 08/27/2009 Model: MS2711D
875.0
878.5 882.0 885.5 889.0 892.5 896.0 Frequency (864.0 - 899.0 MHz) SPAN: 35.00 MHz Attenuation: 1 dB VBW: 10 kHz Detection: Pos. Peak
Time: 07:33:24 Serial #: 00844195
Site Survey • RF Obstacles such as stairs and elevators • Interior wall materials – Concrete vs. drywall
• Ceiling heights and type – Drop-tile Drop tile or hard ceiling
• Purpose of building – Dense or open environment
• Vertical chases – Between floors
Site Survey: Additional Questions • • • • • •
Existing RF systems Roof Mount Area Headend Equipment Room Power and Wall Space MDF and IDF locations Type of cable – fire vs. plenum
Head End Room Planning (BTS) • Space for wireless carrier Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) – Minimum of 200 square feet per wireless carrier – 800 to 1,000 1 000 square feet to accommodate all carriers – Typically utilize existing MDF, but rooms can be retrofit to accommodate head end equipment
• Power requirements for the head-end room – 100 to 150 Amps 208 VAC three phase per carrier
• Environmental requirements for the head-end – 2 tons HVAC per wireless carrier
• Floor Fl LLoading di – 125 PSF for BTS equipment
In-building Design
Design •
iBwave (RF-Vu + RF-Propagation) – Industry standard software that predicts wireless coverage for all major wireless technologies (LTE, CDMA, GSM, WiMAX, 802.11b/g/a) for a variety i t off DAS ttechnologies h l i used d tto produce: d – Design Drawings – highly detailed & accurate depiction of equipment placement including riser diagrams and floor by floor layouts – “Heat” Heat Maps – color coded representation of predicted received RF levels
• •
Bill of Materials Development – determining accurate material quantities and types based upon technical requirements and cost Design g Package g – Scope p of Work,, Bill of Materials,, Link Budgets g & Design g Drawings g
Design: Typical Frequencies & Technologies •
AT&T – 700/850/1900/2100 MHz (LTE, GSM and UMTS)
•
Verizon – 700/850/1900/2100 MHz (LTE, CDMA and EVDO)
Spectrum Analyzer A Ref Level : -30.0
-30
M1: -97.46 dBm @ 899.0 MHz
dBm
dB / Div :
-40 40
10.0 dB
Sprint PCS – 800/1900 MHz (CDMA, LTE)
-60 -70 dBm
•
-50
-80 -90 -100 -110 -120 M1
•
•
T-Mobile – 1900/2100 (GSM and UMTS) Public Safety – 450/700/800 MHz
-130 864.5
868.0
871.5
CF: 881.5 MHz RBW: 30 kHz Std: Min Sweep Time: 1.00 Milli Sec Date: 08/27/2009 Model: MS2711D
875.0
878.5
882.0
885.5
889.0
Frequency (864.0 - 899.0 MHz) SPAN: 35.00 MHz VBW: 10 kHz
Time: 07:33:24 Serial #: 00844195
892.5
896.0
Attenuation: 1 dB Detection: Pos. Peak
Carriers and Wireless Frequencies System Type
AT&T
Verizon
Sprint Nextel
T-Mobile
GSM (Voice)
850, 1900
1900
EDGE (2G data)
850, 1900
1900
UMTS (3G data)
850, 1900
2100
HSDPA (3G)
850, 1900
2100
HSUPA (3G+)
850, 1900
2100
Metro PCS
Cricket
2100
2100
Public Safety
HSPA+ (3G++) LTE (4G data)
700
700, 2100
Wi-Max (4G data)
1900 , 2600 2600
150, 450, 700, 800 900 800,
Public Safetyy CDMA2000 (Voice)
850, 1900
800, 1900
1900
1900
EV-DO (3G data)
850, 1900
1900
1900
1900
700, 850, 1900, 2100
800, 900, 1900, 2100
2100, 1900
2100, 1900
Spectrum Owned
700, 800, 1900, 2100
2100, 1900
Design • We know the scope, carriers and donor signals – Now what?
• Type of DAS – Coax vs. Fiber
• Head End Location • Equipment manufacturers – CommScope, TE, Corning, JMA/Teko or SOLiD
What is PIM and Why is it Important? • PIM should be considered during the design phase • PIM = Passive Intermodulation – Spurious RF noise and 3rd order products that are difficult to detect
• Exists when two or more signals are present in a passive device (coax (coax, connector) that exhibits a nonlinear response • Carriers are requiring PIM-rated PIM rated components • Rigorous field test procedure to ensure DAS PIM levels meet carrier p specifications
Design: Link Budget
Design: Keys to Link Budget • • • • • • •
Power output at repeater or fiber remote # of channels per service provider Splitter and cable loss Free Space Path Loss # of wall penetrations Fade Margin U link Use li k b budget d as guide id ffor RF d design i
Design: Link Budget
Design: Clutter Loss
3D Model
Prediction and Propagation
Floor Plan Layout
Logical Design
Design: Wireless Thresholds Old World -85 85 dBm mobile RSSI over 90-95% 90 95% of the area for voice technologies -70 dBm for data centric technologies (EVDO, LTE, etc.)
New World 6 8 dB stronger than the macro network 6-8 coverage bleeding into the building
• Applies to 700/800/850/900/1900/2100 MHz • Typical yp radius can varyy from 50 ft. in dense environments to 100+ ft in open p areas • Limiting technology/frequency determines design • MIMO or SISO?
Leading DAS Equipment OEMs
Installation Distributed Antenna Systems
Installation Photos – United Center United Center is a neutral host DAS recently installed by Connectivity Wireless
Installation – Potential Assumptions • No core boring is required to properly install this distributed antenna system. • End-user will allow use of existing 110 VAC for all DAS equipment. Any b k back-up power (UPS or generators)) will ill b be provided id d b by the h customer or the end-user. • If Carrier C i FFunded/Neutral d d/N t l H Hostt – DC power plants l t utilized tili d and d will ill nott use existing AC Power in the IDFs • EEnd-user d will ill allow ll use off allll existing i ti cable bl ttrays and d other th cabling bli support structures (J-Hooks, etc.)
Installation – Potential Assumptions • Customer/end-user has secured landlord and all other necessary approvals l prior to installation. ll • An existing roof penetration is available for donor antenna cabling. In the event that rooftop cabling cannot utilize existing penetrations, the owner of the roof system warranty must create an additional penetration.
What Typically gets Installed with a DAS? Base Stations – Head-end radio equipment, provided by the wireless carriers, that provides the RF signal source to drive the DAS Fiber Head Head-End End – Converts the RF signal to RF-over-fiber RF over fiber (RFoF) (RFoF), then transmits the signal via single-mode fiber-optic cable to the fiber remote unit Multi-band Remote Unit – Converts the RFoF transmission back to an RF signal, which is then transmitted down coax cable to the coverage antenna Fiber Optic Cable – Transports the converted RF signals from the head-end equipment to the remote units Plenum Cable – Transports p the RF signals g from the fiber remote unit―to the coverage g antenna Splitter – Splits the RF signals, which is then delivered to multiple inputs/elements Coverage g Antennas – emits multi-band RF signals g to the coverage g area
Donor Antenna General Specifications yp Antenna Type
Directional
Operating Frequency Band
1710 – 2700 MHz | 698 – 960 MHz
Brand
Cell-Max™
Color
White
Interface
7-16 DIN Female
Package Quantity
1
Radome Color
White
Radome Material
PVC, UV resistant
Donor Antenna General Specifications Antenna Type Includes
Yagi V-bolts 806 – 869 MHz
Operating Frequency Band
Electrical Specifications Frequency Band, MHz
806–869
Beamwidth, Horizontal, degrees
60
Gain, dBd
10.0
Gain, dBi
12.1
Beamwidth, Vertical, degrees
30.0
Beam Tilt, degrees
0
Front-to-Back Ratio at 180°, dB
15
VSWR | Return Loss, db
1.5:1 | 14.0
Input Power, maximum, watts
150
Polarization
Vertical
Impedance, ohms Lightning Protection
50 dc Ground
Omni Coverage Antenna General Specifications Antenna Type
Omnidirectional
Operating Frequency Band
698 – 2700 MHz
Brand Color Interface
TRU-Omni R727 White N Female
Mounting
Recess Mounting in Non-Metallic Ceiling Tile
Pigtaill Cable bl
Included, l d d Plenum l Rated d
Radome Color
White
Radome Material
ABS
½” Coax Plenum Distribution Cable Construction Materials Jacket Material
PVC
Dielectric Material
PE spline
Flexibility
Standard
Inner Conductor Material
Copper-clad aluminum wire
Jacket Color
Off white
Outer Conductor Material
Corrugated aluminum
Dimensions Nominal Size
1/2 in
Cable Weight
0.21 kg/m | 0.14 lb/ft
Electrical Specifications Cable Impedance
50 ohm ±2 ohm
Capacitance
76.0 pF/m | 23.0 pF/ft
Operating Frequency Band
1 – 8800 MHz
Peak Power
40.0 kW
Power Attenuation
2.325
Splitter General Specifications Device Type Interface C l Color
Splitter N Female Bl k Black
Electrical Specifications Operating Frequency Band
698 – 2700 MHz
Average Power, maximum
50 W
Dissipative Loss at q y Band Frequency
0.3 dB @ 698–2500 MHz | 0.4 dB @ 2500–2700 MHz
Impedance
50 ohm
Insertion Loss at Frequency Band
0.3 dB @ 698–2500 MHz | 0.4 dB @ 2500–2700 MHz
Return Loss Split Loss VSWR
20.8 dB 3.0 dB 1.2:1
Coupler General Specifications Device Type Interface C l Color
Coupler N Female Bl k Black
Electrical Specifications Operating Frequency Band
698 – 2700 MHz
3rd Order IMD
-140 dBc (relative to carrier)
3rd Order IMD Test Method
Two +43 dBm carriers
Average Power, maximum
200 W
Coupling
10 0 dB 10.0
Coupling Tolerance
±1.0 dB
Impedance
50 ohm
Peak Power, maximum
1 kW
Reflected Power, maximum
100 W
Return Loss VSWR
20.8 dB 1.2:1
12-Fiber Plenum Single-Mode Distribution Cable General Specifications Cable Type
Distribution
Construction Type
Armored
Subunit Type
Gel-free
Construction Materials Fiber Type Solution Total Fiber Quantity
TeraSPEED®, zero water peak single-mode fiber 12 General Specifications
Fiber Type
TeraSPEED®, zero water peak single-mode fiber
Fiber Type, quantity
12
Jacket Color
Yellow
Dimensions Cable Weight
101.0 lb/kft | 151.0 kg/km
Diameter Over Jacket
12.80 mm | 0.50 in
Repeater/BDA
• Universal Multi-Operator/Multi-Band “Class A” Off-Air Boosters Platform – Supports up to 7 different frequency bands – Incrementally expandable through scalable architecture – Supports public safety and commercial technologies
• Advance Digital Signal Processing – Supports mix band-segment & channel selective configurations – Filter characteristics set locally & remotely changeable on the fly
Fiber Head-End •
Fiber optics enables:
– Wide bandwidth to support multiple wireless carriers – Long distance with minimal loss – Minimum design and installation costs – Uniform signal strength throughout the building – Flexibility for future evolution •
Modular architecture enables scalable investment and flexible configuration
Fiber Optic Remote Unit-Andrew Multi-Operator Solution: Public Safety, Verizon, Sprint, AT&T, USCC, Alltel, T-Mobile, MetroPCS, Cricket, etc. • Multi-Band remote units supporting 700/800 MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, and 1900 MHz in a single cabinet • Only two optical fibers required to support all frequency bands • All frequency bands combined to a single antenna connector – External RF splitters p mayy be used to support pp multiple p antennas for the greatest flexibility
• AC or DC mains power
Fiber Optic Remote Unit-Corning Multi-Operator Solution: Public Safety, Verizon, Sprint, AT&T, USCC, Alltel, T-Mobile, MetroPCS, Cricket, etc. • Multi-Band remote units supporting 700/800 MHz, 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1700 MHz, and 1900 MHz in a single cabinet • Only two optical fibers required to support all frequency bands • All frequency bands combined to a single antenna connector – External RF splitters p mayy be used to support pp multiple p antennas for the greatest flexibility
• AC or DC mains power
Commissioning •
Coaxial cable and fiber testing – Coaxial cable sweeps – Fiber iOLM/OTDR results
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Active component commissioning – – – – – – –
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Baseline noise floor measurement CW testing Fiber DAS commissioning Uplink / Downlink testing Additive noise calculation and testing Wireless service provider turn-up turn up RF validation testing
Wireless carrier specific checklists
Maintenance Services •
Preventive Maintenance Routines – – – – –
•
Quarterly, semi-Annual, or annual Cable sweeps and OTDR testing Comparison of baseline RF to current RF environment Equipment inventorying and labeling Update as-built documentation
Response & Repair – – –
24x7x365 Customized SLAs and maintenance contracts Regular Updates •
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System Monitoring – – – – –
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Ticket received, in-route, on-site, problem isolated, problem fixed
Monitor In In-Building Building DAS elements from all vendors System impairment communication management Personnel dispatch 24x7x365 Customized monitoring contracts
Demand Drivers – –
Mandated by public safety code Often critical/required for carrier approval
Carrier Coordination
Repeater VS BTS • The Cellular Repeater – Is it Dead? • As carriers require higher levels of dependability and capacity – New technology can no longer be driven over the air
• Carrier Coordination is a full time job – If you are part time in DAS you will be full time in coordination
Typical Carrier RF Sources Bidirectional Amplifier (BDA) – – – – –
Also called signal booster or repeater Small footprint, p , low power p usage g Repeats over the air donor signal from neighboring sites Wireless carriers beginning to throttle back usage Use Case: 1 to 50 wireless devices per carrier, depends on location
Enterprise Femtocell (E-Femto) – – – –
Small footprint, low power usage Utilizes enterprise customer or other internet connection Wireless carriers beginning to increase deployment Use Case: 1 to 150 wireless devices per carrier
Base Transceiver Station (BTS) – A cell site built in a secure room such as an MDF – Typically installed in a rack configuration – Typically utilizes T-1 provided by carriers back to their switch
Carrier Coordination • Necessary to obtain permission from wireless service providers • Purchased frequencies from FCC/US Government • Re-transmission agreements – Repeaters p or microcell
• Potential RF issues generated – Noise floor, oscillation, frequency-specific, etc
• Carrier monitoring/database • Public Safety
Carrier Coordination The Federal Communications Commission released a new order for use of Enterprise DAS amplifiers (repeaters or signal boosters) February 20th, 2013, FCC Report and Order 13-21 Maintains that signal boosters require an FCC license or express licensee consent to install in commercial and industrial space The authorization process ensures that devices are operated only by licensees or with licensee consent and are adequately labeled to avoid misuse by consumers
Wireless Carrier Coordination Wireless carrier coordination is critical to the success of the DAS project
Q&A Thank you!
Contact Bryce Bregen VP off Sales S l and dM Marketing k ti
[email protected] Tyler Boyd Nationwide Performance Engineer
[email protected]
2707 Main Street, Suite 1 Duluth, GA 30096 678.584.5799
