Lo, Tiffany Ann Picart
4LM3
Criminal Law: Light Threats (Art. 283 28!"
1
Art. 283: Light Threats # A threat to commit a wrong not constit$ting a crime, ma%e in the manner e&'resse% in s$%i)ision * of the ne&t 'rece%ing article (Art. 284", shall e '$nishe% y arresto mayor. 2
Art. 283 was ta+en from art. 4! of the ol% Penal Co%e. -lac+mail or chantage chantage 3 not falling falling $n%er $n%er art.3! art.3! wo$l% e '$nisha '$nishale le $n%er art. 283. /n or%er to con)ict a 'erson who threatens another another with a wrong, the commission of which %oes not amo$nt to a crime which of light threats, it m$st e 'ro)e% that the offen%er has ma%e the threats %eman%ing money or im'osing any other con%ition, e)en tho$gh not $nlawf$l. -lac+ -lac+mai maill is '$nis '$nishe he% % $n%er $n%er this this articl article e of money money is %eman %eman%e %e% % $n%er $n%er threa threats ts of e&'os$re. 4
0lements:
*. That That the offen offen%er %er ma+es ma+es a threat threat to commi committ a wrong1 wrong1 2. That That the wrong wrong %oes %oes not not constit constit$te $te a crime crime11 3. That That there there is %eman% %eman% for money or that other other con%iti con%ition on is im'ose im'ose%, %, e)en tho$gh not $nlawf$l1 4. That That the offen%er offen%er has attaine attaine% % his '$r'ose '$r'ose or, that that he has not attaine% attaine% his '$r'ose. 5 /n light threats, the wrong threatene% %oes not amo$nt to a crime. e$ires that there e a %eman% of money or that other con%ition e im'ose% -lac+mailing may e '$nishe% $n%er this 'ro)ision 6
Art. 28!: Other The 'ena 'enalty lty of arresto mayor in its minim$m Other Light Threat Threats s – The 'erio% or a fine not e&cee%ing 2 'esos shall e im'ose% $'on:
1 Essentials of Criminal Law by Sergio A.F Apostol 2 The e!ise" #enal Co"e by amon C. A$%ino an" Carolina C. &rino'A$%ino ( F%n"amentals of Criminal Law e!iewer by ®orio 4 Essentials of Criminal Law by Sergio A.F Apostol 5 https)**www https)**www.s+rib".+om*"o+*2( .s+rib".+om*"o+*2((224,4*Criminal'Law'A (224,4*Criminal'Law'Art'2(-'(65 rt'2(-'(65 6 Essentials of Criminal Law by Sergio A.F Apostol
*. Any Any 'ers 'erso on who, ho, witho itho$t $t eing eing incl incl$% $%e% e% in the the 'ro) 'ro)is isio ions ns of the the ne&t e&t 'rece%ing article, shall threaten another with a wea'on, or %raw s$ch wea'on in a $arrel, $nless it e in lawf$l self5%efense. 2. Any 'erson 'erson who, who, in the heat of anger, anger, shall shall orally orally threat threaten en with some some harm not constit$ting a crime, an% who y s$se$ent acts shows that he %i% not 'ersist in the i%ea in)ol)e% in his threat, 'ro)i%e% that the circ$mstances of the offense shall not ring it within the 'ro)isions of Arti)le 282 of this co%e. 3. Any 'erson 'erson who who shall orally orally threaten threaten to %o another another any harm not consti constit$ti t$ting ng felony. ,
Art, 28! was ta+en ta+en from 'arts 'arts 2, 3 an% 4 of art. !8 of the ol% ol% Penal Co%e.
6$'reme Co$rt %ecisions: -
acc$se% threatene% threatene% to re'ort 6al$stiana 6al$stiana 7ee to People vs. Hao Chao # The two acc$se% the -$rea$ of /nternal e)en$e for ta& e)asion if she %i% not gi)e them P*,. 6al$stiana ga)e them P*, in the 'resence of two Manila %etecti)es, who arrest arreste% e% the the acc$s acc$se% e% as soon soon as they they recei) recei)e% e% the sai% sai% amo$n amo$ntt an% an% who who reco)ere% it from the,. The acc$se% were charge% with light threats. 2. 9People vs. Cervera - /n the case at ar, the co$rt of first instance seeme% to elie)e that %efen%ants %efen%ants ac$ittal in criminal case 9o. 82 of the m$nici'al m$nici'al co$rt, for slight %efamation, necessarily im'lie% his ac$ittal for the threatening remar+s allege% in the com'laint in that case, for, a'art from setting forth the ins$lts hea'e% hea'e% $'on $'on the com'l com'lai aina nant, nt, it was was a)err a)erre% e% there therein in that that the the acc$ acc$se% se% ha% ha% a%%e%: ;o$ will fight< (=ill yo$ fight<" Answer. / will shoot yo$ an% throw yo$r o%y into the ri)er, an% wor%s of similar im'ort. The concl$sion th$s reache% y the co$rt of first instance is $ntenale. 1 3. Pena Pena vs. Aparici Aparicio o 5 /n this a%ministrati)e com'laint, the res'on%ent lawyer is charge% with )iolation of $le *.* of Canon * of the Co%e of Professional es' es'ons onsi iili ility ty for writi writing ng a %ema %eman% n% lette letterr the the conte contents nts of which which thre threate atene% ne% com'lainant with the filing of criminal cases for ta& e)asion an% falsification of %oc$ments. 4. 11UA vs. !g"ia # Lo$ano 5 /n or%er to 're)ent f$rther occ$rrences of this +in%, as far as may e %one y >$%icial action, we are all strongly of the o'inion that the >$%gment of the lower co$rt m$st e re)erse%, an% that the %efen%ant an% 1.
, The e!ise" #enal Co"e by amon C. A$%ino / Carolina C. &rino'A$%ino - The e!ise" #enal Co"e by amon C. A$%ino an" Carolina C. &rino'A$%ino 0 http)**www http)**www.lawphil.net*%"%ris*%ri106 .lawphil.net*%"%ris*%ri1060*no!1060*grl'26(05 0*no!1060*grl'26(051060.html 1060.html 1 http)**attylaserna.blogspot.+om*20*1*e3tortion.html 11 http)**www http)**www.lawphil.net*%"%ris*%ri101,*o .lawphil.net*%"%ris*%ri101,*o+t101,*grl'1(54 +t101,*grl'1(54101,.html 101,.html
a''ellant a''ellant 6al)a%or 0g$ia is %eser)ing %eser)ing of the ma&im$m 'enalty 'ermitte% y law, an% accor%ingly is sentence% to si& months im'risonment in case of insol)ency, an% that the %efen%ant %efen%ant an% a''ellant a''ellant 6eastian Lo?ano, while c$l'ale in a less %egree, is also %eser)ing of an increase% 'enalty, an% accor%ingly is sentence% to three months im'risonment, to 'ay a fine of P*, or to s$ffer s$si%iary im'risonment im'risonment in case of insol)ency. insol)ency. 0ach %efen%ant shall 'ay one5half one5half the costs of oth instances. 6o or%ere%. 12 !. %atola&on 'etition on is @ran @rante% te%.. The The %ecis %ecision ion of the Co$rt Co$rt of %atola&on v. Leorente 5 'etiti A''eals in CA5@. CA5@. . 6P 9o. *44 *44 'rom$lgate% 'rom$lgate% on B$ly 3*, *! is set asi%e. asi%e. /n lie$ thereof, the Co$rt re)erses the %ecision of the egional Trial Co$rt an% recogni?es as )ali% the %ecree of %i)orce grante% in fa)or of the %ecease% Loren?o 9. Llorente y the 6$'erior Co$rt of the 6tate of California in an% for the Co$n Co$nty ty of 6an 6an 7iego 7iego,, ma%e ma%e final final on 7ece 7eceme merr 4, *!2. *!2.$ $rth rther er,, the the Co$rt Co$rt 0MA976 the cases to the co$rt of origin for %etermination of the intrinsic )ali )ali%i %ity ty of Lore Loren? n?o o 9. Llor Lloren ente teDs Ds will ill an% an% %ete %eterrmina minati tion on of the the 'arti arties esDD s$ccessional rights allowing 'roof of foreign law with instr$ctions that the trial co$rt co$rt shall shall 'roc 'rocee ee% % with with all all %eli %eliera erate te %is'a %is'atch tch to settle settle the estat estate e of the the %ecease% within the framewor+ of the $les of Co$rt. 1( . People vs. 'ontanilla 5 *4/n or%er for self5%efense to e a''reciate%, he ha% to 'ro)e 'ro)e y clear clear an% con)incing con)incing e)i%ence e)i%ence the followi following ng element elements: s: (a" $nlawf$ $nlawf$ll aggression on the 'ar tof the )ictim1 (" reasonale necessity of the means em'loye% to 're)ent or re'el it1 an% (c" lac+ of s$fficient 'ro)ocation on the 'art of the the 'ers 'erson on %efen %efen%i %ing ng himse himself. lf. Enlaw Enlawf$l f$l aggr aggress ession ion is the in%is' in%is'en ensa sale le element of self5%efense, for if no $nlawf$l aggression attri$te% to the )ictim is esta estal lis ishe he%, %, self self5% 5%ef efen ense se is $na) $na)ai aili ling ng,, for for ther there e is noth nothin ing g to re'e re'el. l. Fn 7ecemer *, 2, in Criminal Case 9os. E5*28 an% E5*2, the egional Trial Co$rt of Er%aneta City, -ranch 4, fo$n% a''ellant re%%ie ontanilla g$ilty of ra'e an% im'ose% $'on him the 'enalty of %eath. 15 (. People People v. Aveci Avecilla lla 5 6C %ismisse% the case. Friginally he co$l% ha)e een con)icte% of illegally 'ossessing a firearm se'arately from his con)iction on the +illing that occ$rre% as a conse$ence thereof, which ha''ene% in **. =ith the 'assage of A 824 in * amen%ing P7*8, the 'ossession of an $nlicense% firearm has ecome merely an aggra)ating circ$mstance to a m$r%er or homic homici%e i%e char charge. ge. As a gener general al r$le, r$le, 'ena 'enall laws laws ha)e ha)e 'ros 'ros'ec 'ecti) ti)e e effe effect ct 12 http)**s+.%"i+iary http)**s+.%"i+iary.go! .go!.ph*%rispr%"en+e*2*no!2*124 .ph*%rispr%"en+e*2*no!2*124(,1.htm (,1.htm 1( http)**s+.%"i+iary http)**s+.%"i+iary.go! .go!.ph*%rispr%"en+e*2(*a%g2(*14 .ph*%rispr%"en+e*2(*a%g2(*14,6626(.htm ,6626(.htm 14 https)**www https)**www.s+rib".+om*"o+*120 .s+rib".+om*"o+*120222*people' 222*people'!s'fontanilla !s'fontanilla 15 https)**lawphilre!iew https)**lawphilre!iewer er.wor"pr .wor"press.+om*212*1*24*+riminal'law ess.+om*212*1*24*+riminal'law'"igests'febr%ary' '"igests'febr%ary' 21*
0GC0PT where the new law will e a%)antageo$s to the acc$se%, as in this case, s'aring him of two se'arate con)ictions . 16 ). People vs. *avarra 5 The acc$se%5a''ellants were charge% an% fo$n% g$ilty y the TC of illegal recr$itment committe% in a large scale res$lting to economic saotage an% sentence% to life im'risonment.
16 https)**lawphilre!iew https)**lawphilre!iewer er.wor"pr .wor"press.+om*212*1*24*+riminal'law ess.+om*212*1*24*+riminal'law'"igests'febr%ary' '"igests'febr%ary' 21*