CRIME AUTOMATION & REPORTING SYSTEM CONTENTS 1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
6.
7. 8.
9. 10. 11.
Synopsis Organization Profile Project Overview System Analysis 4.1 Existing System 4.2 Proposed System 4.3 Feasibility Study 4.3.1 Economic Feasibility 4.3.2 Technical Feasibility 4.3.3 Behavioral Feasibility 4.4 Tools & Platforms Used Requirement Analysis 5.1 Problem Recognition 5.2 Problem Evaluation and Synthesis 5.3 Modeling System Design 6.1 Data Design 6.2 Architectural Design 6.3 Procedural Design 6.4 Interface Design Coding System Testing 8.1 Testing Process 8.2 Unit Testing 8.3 Integration Testing 8.4 Validation Testing Implementation 9.1 Implementation Procedures Software Maintenance Conclusion Appendices Appendix A (DFD) Appendix B (Tables) Appendix C (Input forms and Output forms)
Bibliography
SYNOPSIS
SYNOPSIS Synopsis is a general documentation tool. By means of a modular structure, it adapts to different styles of embedded documentation, different programming languages and various output formats. It scales well with the size of the project by allowing processing to be controlled by making files. The Crime Records Management System applies to Police Stations all across the country and specifically looks into the subject crime prevention, detection, conviction of criminals depending on a highly responsive backbone of Information Management. Modules of the project Administrator’s module will be focusing on the maintenance like Master Data Maintenance, Removal of old and outdated data from the software etc. Station module deals with processing of complaints, creating FIR, entering victim & witness details etc. All the basic processing of a station will be done in this module. Citizen module is for the public user, who has a complaint to register. Crime module is used for entering all details about the crime. It contains the date, police station where it is recorded, place, Nature of Crime etc. Search module is for searching crime in station wise, nature of crime. Avocation Module deals with the Law part of every Crime.
ORGANIZATION PROFILE
ORGANIZATION PROFILE Soft Solutions provides worldwide IT solutions for Global 1000 corporations to stay abreast of the changes in today’s environment. Our areas of expertise include technology consulting, Application Development, Information Security and SAP. We are highly motivated, experienced professionals committed to our client’s success. Our technical expertise enables us to innovate, develop, and implement cutting edge technology solutions, resulting in significant savings for clients. Here at Soft Solution, we are sincerely committed to making a difference. As part of our corporate social responsibility program, we donate a portion of our revenues to the 5H Program, a service project that is supported by the International Association Corporate Social Responsibility “What distinguishes Soft Solution from its competitors is the work culture of excellence, which is the result of our commitment to a greater cause.” – Mr. Harish Ramachandran, CEO At Soft Solution, we know that success demands the highest standards of social, economic and environmental responsibility across our operations worldwide. Soft Solution’s Services Working closely with our clients, we customize our solutions to fit each and every client's unique needs and marketplace. Listed are, but a few of Soft Solution’s comprehensive suite of services: Application Development Information Security SAP Implementation
PROJECT OVERVIEW
PROJECT OVERVIEW The Crime Records Management System applies to Police Stations all across the country and specifically looks into the subject crime prevention, detection, conviction of criminals depending on a highly responsive backbone of Information Management. The efficiency of the Police and the effectiveness with which it tackles crime depend on what quality of information it can derive from its existing records and how fast it can have access to it. I had done this project using ASP.NET as front end and SQL Server as back end easing the effort of user. Modules of the Project 1) Station module Each of the station must first register with the Software. For the registration part each station enter their details like station name, address, phone no, station in charge etc. and get a User Id from the Software. Once the prospective station registers with the software they can avail the existing records. 2) Citizen module Each of the citizens, who has a complaint to register, must first register with the Software. For the registration part each person enter their details like name, address, phone no., E-Mail ID etc. and get a User Id & password from the Software. Once the registration is complete, the citizen can sign-in to the website & register their complaint. 3) Crime module This module is used for entering all details about the crime. It contains the date and time, police station where it is recorded, place, Nature of Crime, Location of the Crime etc. 4) Search module In this module we can search the crime in station wise, nature of crime.
5) Administrators Module The module will be protected by user ID and password. Ordinary users of the software will not be permitted to enter into this area of the software. The module will be focusing on the maintenance like Master Data Maintenance, Removal of old and outdated data from the software etc. 6) Avocation Module This Module deals with the Law part of every Crime. ABOUT THE DEVELOPING SYSTEM The system has developed in ASP.NET as front end and SQL server 2000 as back end. ASP.NET (Active Server Pages.net) WHAT IS ASP.NET: Microsoft ASP.NET is a free technology that allows programmers to create dynamic web applications.ASP.NET can be used to create anything from small, personal websites through to large, enterprise-class web applications. ASP.NET is the latest version of Microsoft's Active Server Pages technology (ASP).ASP.NET is a part of the Microsoft .NET framework, and a powerful tool for creating dynamic and interactive web pages. All we need to get started with ASP.NET is the free .NET Framework and the free Visual Web Developer. ASP: ASP is a server side scripting technology that enables scripts (embedded in web pages) to be executed by an Internet server
About VB.NET Microsoft.net was formerly known as next generation windows services (NGWS for short).It is a completely new platform for developing the next generation of windows
/web applications. These applications would transcend device boundaries and fully harness the power of internet. However, this new platform required a language, which could take its fully advantage; this is one of factors that led to the development of VB. VB has evolved from QBASIC language. The VB compiler is considered to be the most efficient compiler in the .net family and a major part of the .net based classes libraries, itself are written in VB. SQL Server 2000 Microsoft SQL Server 2000 is a relational database management system (RDBMS) produced by Microsoft. Its primary query language is Transact SQL, an implementation of the ANSI/ISO standard SQL used by both Microsoft and Sybase. SQL
Server
allows
multiple
clients
to
use
the
same
database
concurrently. SQL Server provides two modes of concurrency control: pessimistic and optimistic concurrency. When pessimistic concurrency control is being used, SQL Server controls concurrent access by using locks. Locks can be either shared or exclusive. Exclusive lock grants the user exclusive access to the data no other user can access the data as long as the lock is held. Shared locks are used when some data is being read-multiple users can read data locked with a shared lock, but not acquire an exclusive lock. SQL Server also provides the optimistic concurrency control mechanism, which is similar to the multiversion concurrency control used in other databases.
SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS The “Crime Reporting System” must use Microsoft SQL server 2000 as its database component.
Software Requirements
The software requirements include the software that is required for working. Software requirements are as follows:
Developments Tools •
ASP .NET uses the new ADO .NET.
•
ASP .NET supports full Visual Basic, not VBScript.
•
ASP .NET supports C# (C sharp) and C++.ASP .NET supports JScript
as before. Database
SQL Server
Application Server
Sun Microsystems
Operating System
Windows XP Professional
HARDWARE SPECIFICATION Hardware interfaces specifies the logical characteristics of each interface between the software product and the hardware components of the system. Many business type applications will not have hardware interfaces, since “Crime Reporting System” is an application it too will not require any particular hardware interface. Hardware Requirements
The hardware for the project should be selected in such a way that it should give the maximum optimal result .Hardware requirements are as follows: Server Side
Processor :Intel Pentium (II) or higher
128 MB RAM
2 GB Hard Disk or more
SVGA Color Monitor
104 Keyboard
Any Mouse
Any modem
Client Side
Processor :Intel Pentium (II) or higher
128 MB RAM
2 GB Hard Disk or more
SVGA Color Monitor
104 Keyboard
Any Mouse
Any Modem
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
SYSTEM ANALYSIS System Analysis works with users to identify goals and build systems to achieve them. System analysis is an important phase of any system development process. The system is studied to the minutest details and analyzed. The system analyst plays the role of an interrogator and dwells deep in to the working of the present system. In analysis, a detailed study of these operations performed by a system and their relationships within and outside of the system is done. A key question considered here is, “what must be done to solve the problem?” One aspect of analysis is defining the boundaries of the system and determining whether or not the candidate system should be considered. The system is viewed as a whole and the inputs to the system are identified. The outputs from the system are traced through the various processing that the input phases through in the organization. During analysis, data are collected on available files, decision points, and transaction handled by present system. Once analysis is completed the analyst has a firm understanding of what is to be done.
EXISTING SYSTEM In the existing crime management system, most of the operations are done manually like send complaints, taking actions against crimes, view status etc. So with the existing system if anybody wants to complaint against crimes he must do it through the police. If we are doing the system manually, so many minor errors will occur. Error detection in the previous entries made and data cross verification is another important function. These are done manually, and it would take time. Drawbacks of the existing system can be concluded as follows: The existing system is time consuming and not very user friendly. The FIR brought by a person hailing from a family beyond poverty, the existing system shows ignorance for the same
The officer dealing with a particular case cannot take decision by himself even when he is having the first hand knowledge/information about the case and he can expect obstructions from higher authorities/officials. Even an efficient officer cannot/may not able to handle more than one case at a time. As we all know, a covered truth, Bribery plays an important role in the existing system. Many cases are pilled up in the corners, which are not proved, due to lack of commitment in the job. In most of the cases, the innocent are accused in the existing system. As per our jurisdiction, “Let thousand criminals escape-not a single innocent be punished “. As a result of this and other factors that influence investigation, such as bribery, the innocent becomes accused in several situations in the eyes of Justice. The existing system could provide only investigation and there is no Advocating, Counseling facilities etc. hence no contact or control or co-ordination on these cell. They criticized it for being inefficient, time consuming, poorly managed, disparate and lacking flexibility. Evaluation requires monitoring crime before, during and after the initiative. Facts other than these initiatives may also impact on crime levels which makes evaluation particularly difficult. Because of the amount of serious crime, lesser crime goes unchecked. Many crimes become regarded as antisocial activities.
PROPOSED SYSTEM Our mission statement directs us to promote the public interest while balancing the Law. Obviously we’ll not rush to judgment, but will look at the facts and render a thoughtful decision based on these facts. Organization is an independent statutory body which was created to maintain an effective an effective and efficient police service for the public. Its primary task includes securing continuous needs of the public in an efficient manner. As part of the responsibility, ‘our committee’ is responsible for performance monitoring (performance planning and review formerly professional standards and performance monitoring) decided to look at the contribution and effectiveness of the organization within the public. We need the whole hearted support
of each and every individual member of the site and
cooperation of the users. The administrator, along with the investigators, lawyers, counselors, and other authorities statutory partners in our organization. Given their key role in these partnerships, we felt that an overview of strength and Weakness of the organization is needed. The aim of the project is to bring about improvement to the organization’s contributions; this report necessarily concentrates on overcoming weakness and raising standards. To avoid conducting and unfair evaluation efforts which are made to put this contribution into this context. It believes that partnership work is highly beneficial to the organization and that partnership work is the way forward to reduce crime and disorder. Advantages of the Proposed System: The scrutiny was carried out through the collection of written and oral evidence.
Better communication, better leadership, better training, more defined roles
in terms of contribution to contribution to the society.
Working with partners.
Reducing crime and disorder.
Confidently and anonymity issues.
The proposed system has control over all its cells and is perfectly coordinated. Also the cells can act individually. To take our organization to heights we need the wholehearted co-operation of the public.
Objectives of the Proposed System
In the fast moving world, if people lack something, it is time. All are busy in their world. It will be welcomed if services are provided at their will. So the main objective of our product is better communication, better leadership, reducing crime and disorder etc. The product provides a framework within which a user can easily work with. That was out next objective. We know users are of many categories, like users from who know working with computers very well to users who didn’t know about computers. So all the category can use the software. So it should be user friendly. The product provides a framework, which is error free. We know a crime management system is actually a critical process having many calculations and operations. So each simple error laid to big problem. So it should be error free and our objective is to build error free software.
FEASIBILITY STUDY A feasibility study is a test of system proposal according to its workability, impact on the organization, ability to meet user needs and effective use of resources. Apart from these, an initial investigation is launched to study the present system, evaluate the possible application of computer based of methods. Selecting a tentative system, evaluate the cost and effectiveness of the proposed system, evaluate the impact of the proposed system, existing personal and ascertain the need of new personal. To define an improved information system, the study group must understand the information requirements of the organization. This understanding may be obtained by determining what is currently being done and of investigating through interviews and analysis what information is needed to be provided that is not being furnished by the existing system . Data on the cost of operating the current system needs to be collected in order to make a cost benefit for a new system. The objective of feasibility study is not to solve the problem, but to acquire a sense of its scope. During the study, the problem definition is crystallized and aspects of the problem to be included in the system are determined, consequently costs and benefits are estimated with greater detail at this stage. The result of the feasibility study is a system formal proposal. This is a simply a form of documenting or detailing the nature and scope of proposed solutions. The proposal summarizes what is known and what is going to be done. Three key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis: Economic feasibility Technical feasibility Behavioral feasibility
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY: Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for comparing the cost with the benefit or income that is expected from developed system. In the existing system, many people are involved in the process but in the proposed system, number of persons involved be reduced drastically. So the proposed system is economic. In the existing system, storage of all these records should be arranged and security should be provided for the records. In the proposed system, separate security arrangement is not needed since the software provides security and maintenance is simply and hardly needs one or two person to operate the system.
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY: The feasibility center on the existing computer system (software, hardware) and to what extend it can support the proposed addition. In the proposed system, data can be easily stored and managed in database management system software. The results for various queries can be generated easily. Therefore, the system is technically feasible
BEHAVIORAL FEASIBILITY: People are inherently resistant to change and computer has known to facilitate change. An estimate should be made of how strong a reaction the user staff likely to have towards the developments of computerized system.
In the existing system more manpower is required and time factor is more but in the proposed system, manpower and time factors are reduced .So, the remaining numbers are engaged with some other important works. An SRS is basically an organization's understanding (in writing) of a customer or potential client's system requirements and dependencies at a particular point in time (usually) prior to any actual design or development work. It's a two-way insurance policy that assures that both the client and the organization understand the other’s requirements from that perspective at a given point in time.
TOOLS & PLATFORMS USED TOOLS & PLATFORMS Operating System
: Windows NT/2003 Server
Front End
: ASP.Net with VB
Back End
: SQL SERVER 2005
Features of software used About Windows 2003 Windows 2003 Server includes improved network, application and Web services. It provides increased reliability and scalability, lowers your cost of computing with powerful, flexible management services, and provides the best foundation for running business application. The Windows GUI The familiar graphical user interface it presents to the world. Computing Model Windows 2003 Server operations are based on a client-server computing model. This is a model in which the computing workload is shared between the server and the client. It is a co-operative relationship that divides the workload evenly between machines or processes on a single machine.
Visual Studio .NET Visual Studio .Net is the rapid application development tool for BASIC. Visual Studio .Net offers complete integration with ASP.NET and enables to drag and drop server controls and design Web Forms as they should appear when user views them. The .NET Framework is a multi-language environment for building, deploying, and running XML Web services and applications. It consists of four main parts: •
Common Language Runtime: Despite its name, the runtime actually has a role in both a component's runtime and development time experiences. While the component is running, the runtime is responsible for managing memory allocation, starting up and stopping threads and processes, and enforcing security policy, as well as satisfying any dependencies that the component might have on other components. At development time, the runtime's role changes slightly; because it automates so much (for example, memory management), the runtime makes the developer's experience very simple, especially when compared to COM as it is today. In particular, features such as reflection dramatically reduce the amount of code a developer must write in order to turn business logic into a reusable component. • Unified programming classes: It is a completely new platform for developing the next generation of windows /web applications. These applications would transcend device boundaries and fully harness the power of internet. However, this new platform required a language, which could take its fully advantage; this is one of factors that led to the development of VB. VB has evolved from QBASIC language. The VB compiler is considered to be the most efficient compiler in the .net family and a major part of the .net based classes libraries, itself are written in VB. Some of the other advantages of creating BASIC applications in Visual Studio .Net are:
•
Visual Studio .Net is a Rapid Application (RAD) tool. Instead of adding each control to the Web Form programmatically, it helps to add these controls by using toolbox, saving programming efforts.
•
Visual Studio .Net supports custom and composite controls. Can create custom controls that encapsulate a common functionality that might need to use in a number of applications. Visual Studio .Net does a wonderful job of simplifying the creation and
consumption of Web Services. Mush of the programmer-friendly stuff (creating all the XML-based documents) happens automatically, without much effort on the programmer’s side. Attribute-based programming is a powerful concept that enables Visual Studio .Net to automate a lot of programmer-unfriendly tasks. •
.NET programming languages: The .NET Framework provides a set of tools that help to build code that works with the .NET Framework. Microsoft provides a set of languages that are already .NET compatible. BASIC is one of those languages.
•
ASP.NET environment: Active Server Pages were released by Microsoft to enable the creation of dynamic pages based on user input and interaction with a Web site. ASP.NET improves upon the original ASP by providing code-behind. With ASP.NET and
code-behind,
the
code
and
HTML
can
be
separated. ASP.NET Web services are XML-based services that are exposed on the Internet that can be accessed by other Web services and Web service clients. ASP.NET ASP.NET is more than the next version of Active Server Pages (ASP); it is a unified Web development platform that provides the services necessary for developers to build enterprise-class Web applications. While ASP.NET is largely syntax compatible with ASP, it also provides a new programming model and infrastructure for more secure, scalable, and stable applications. ASP.NET is a compiled, .NET-based environment; you can author applications in any .NET compatible language, including VisualBasic.NET, BASIC, and
JScript.NET.
Additionally,
the
entire
.NET
Framework
is
available
to
any ASP.NET application. Developers can easily access the benefits of these technologies, which include the managed common language runtime environment, type safety, inheritance, and so on. ASP.NET has been designed to work seamlessly with WYSIWYG HTML editors and other programming tools, including Microsoft Visual Studio .NET. Not only does this make Web development easier, but it also provides all the benefits that these tools have to offer, including a GUI that developers can use to drop server controls onto a Web page and fully integrated debugging support. Developers can choose from the following two features when creating an ASP.NET application, Web Forms and Web services, or combine these in any way they see fit. •
Web Forms allows you to build powerful forms-based Web pages. When building these pages, you can use ASP.NET server controls to create common UI elements, and program them for common tasks. These controls allow you to
•
Rapidly build a Web Form out of reusable built-in or custom components, simplifying the code of a page.
•
An XML Web service provides the means to access server functionality remotely.
ASP.NET ARCHITECTURE .NET ARCHITECTURE
As
the
illustration
shows,
all
Web
Administrators
communicate
with ASP.NET applications through IIS. IIS deciphers and optionally authenticates the request. If Anonymous is turned on, no authentication occurs. IIS also finds the requested resource (such as an ASP.NET application), and, if the client is authorized returns the appropriate resource. In addition to the built-in ASP.NET security features, an ASP.NET application can use the low-level security features of the .NET Framework. Features Reliable Interoperability Employ code to call native Windows APIs, use pre-built COM components, and leverage existing ActiveX controls to seamlessly integrate existing applications and components. Modern, Component-Oriented Language Take advantage of inherent support for properties, indexers, delegates, single and multidimensional arrays, advanced inheritance, attributes, versioning, and XML comments. Powerful Debugging and Testing Tools ASP .NET includes a powerful remote and multi-language debugger, enabling developers to test applications and build reliable multi-tier solutions that span process boundaries and are written in multiple programming languages. NET Framework Class Library Gain mature and powerful, built-in functionality, including a rich set of collection classes, networking support, multithreading support, string and regular expression classes, and broad support for XML, XML schemas, XML namespaces, XSLT, XPath, and SOAP.
Robust Web Development Environment Create Web-based solutions in VB using the shared Web Forms Designer and XML Designer. Developers can also use IntelliSense features and tag completion or choose the WYSIWYG editor for drag-and-drop authoring to build interactive Web applications. Integrating with IIS IIS is the web server is used here. IIS 5.0 or above is essential for the ASP.NET for the environment. This release of ASP.NET uses IIS 5.0 as the pre Kim host environment. When considering ASP.NET authentication, you should understand the interaction with IIS authentication services. IIS always assumes that a set of credentials maps to a Windows NT account and uses them to authenticate a user. There are three different kinds of authentication available in IIS 5.0: BASIC, DIGEST, and INTEGRATED WINDOWS Authentication (NTLM or Kerberos). You can select the type of authentication to use in the IIS administrative services. If you request a URL containing an ASP.NET application, the request and authentication information are handed off to the application.. Web Service Web service is arguably the most exciting and innovate features of Microsoft’s. NET initiative and they are likely to profoundly affect the way business interact using computer application. List of possible Web services is as varies as the list of possible business opportunities. Web service would typically perform a core business service such as user authentication, credit card validation, pricing a derivates security, placing a purchase order for a stock or pricing a same-day shipment. A web service is a component that performs a function or service. A component is a piece of software that has a well-defined interface, hidden internals, and the capability of being discovered. By “discovered” means that you can determine what the component does without needing to see the code within it. A component is similar to a
method since we can call it with arguments that fit a set of parameters, and it has the capability of returning results. A web service may also return information to the caller. This service resides somewhere on the Web and can be accessed from other locations on the Web. For this service to be called, there are a number of elements that must be in place. First, the caller must know how to call the service. Second, the call must be made across the Web. Finally, the web service must know how to respond. Introduction to VB. NET Microsoft Visual BASIC. Net is the most creative tool, which helps a programmer to create a user interface than writing several lines of code. The predecessor of Visual BASIC.net was BASIC (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code). BASIC was mainly interpreter-based whereas Visual BASIC. Net is that it is a rapid Application Development tool. This is the main reason why Visual BASIC. Net is widely used as a prototyping language. VB. Net is object oriented, whereas each object possesses some properties like size, position, color, appearance etc. This means that we can compartmentalize different aspects of our application as object and develop test those object independently of the rest of the application. By modifying certain properties and invoking the methods of these objects, we exert a great deal of control over the user’s interaction with the VB.net program we have written. Each object has its own event handling procedures. Visual BASIC.net is a member of Visual Studio. One of the merits of VB.Net is that it insulates the user from having to deal with lowlevel message handling. This allows as to quickly creating powerful applications without having dealing with unnecessary data. Microsoft has developed VB. NET as a complete Windows applications development system.
Back end About MS SQL Server 2005 SQL Server 2005 exceeds dependability requirements and provides innovative capabilities that increase employee effectiveness, integrate heterogeneous IT ecosystems, and maximize capital and operating budgets. SQL Server 2005 provides the enterprise data management platform your organization needs to adapt quickly in a fastchanging environment. With the lowest implementation and maintenance costs in the industry, SQL Server 2000 delivers rapid return on your data management investment. SQL Server 2005 supports the rapid development of enterprise-class business applications that can give your company a critical competitive advantage. Benchmarked for scalability, speed, and performance, SQL Server 2000 is a fully enterprise-class database product, providing core support for Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Internet queries.
Easy-to-Use Business Intelligence (BI) Tools Through rich data analysis and data mining capabilities that integrate with familiar applications such as Microsoft Office, SQL Server 2005 enables you to provide all of your employees with critical, timely business information tailored to their specific information needs. Every copy of SQL Server 2005 ships with a suite of BI services.
Self-Tuning and Management Capabilities Revolutionary self-tuning and dynamic self-configuring features optimize database performance, while management tools automate standard activities. Graphical tools and wizards simplify setup, database design, and performance monitoring, allowing database administrators to focus on meeting strategic business needs.
Data Management Applications and Services Unlike its competitors, SQL Server 2005 provides a powerful and comprehensive data management platform. Every software license includes extensive management and development tools, a powerful extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL) tool, business intelligence and analysis services, and new capabilities such as Notification Services. The result is the best overall business value available.
SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Edition (64 bit) Enterprise Edition (64-bit) provides the most scalable data platform to take advantage of the class of Intel Itanium-based servers. Addressing more memory than any other edition of SQL Server, it scales to the performance levels required to support the largest Data warehousing and analysis applications, ecommerce websites and Enterprise business systems. Supporting up to 8 nodes in failover clustering, SQL Server 2005 (64-bit) provides a high level of reliability and availability for your mission-critical applications.
SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Edition Enterprise Edition includes the complete set of SQL Server data management and analysis features and is uniquely characterized by several features that make it the most scalable and available edition of SQL Server 2005. It scales to the performance levels required to support the largest Web sites, Enterprise Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) systems and Data Warehousing systems. Its support for failover clustering also makes it ideal for any mission critical line-of-business
application. Additionally, this edition includes several advanced analysis features that are not included in SQL Server 2005 Standard Edition. There are four main areas in which the additional features of SQL Server 2005 Enterprise Edition are most evident: Scalability Availability/uptime Performance Advanced analysis.
SQL Server 2005 Standard Edition Standard edition is an affordable option for small and medium-sized organizations. It includes the core functionality needed for non-mission-critical ecommerce, data warehousing, and line-of-business solutions. For instance, all of the XML features present in Enterprise Edition are also included in Standard Edition. And while a handful of advanced OLAP features are reserved for Enterprise Edition, all data mining features and the core OLAP functionality are included in SQL Server 2005 Analysis Services in Standard Edition.
Similarly, components that other database vendors charge
for as separate add-on products for their highest-end editions are included in Standard Edition: Data Transformation Services (DTS) Replication (snapshot, transactional, and merge) Full-Text Search English Query Stored procedure development and debugging tools SQL Profiling and performance analysis tools.
SQL Server 2005 Replication Overview SQL Server offers three types of replication:
1. Snapshot. It copies an entire view of data to another computer. The destination database view is overwritten with the new version. Snapshot replication distributes data exactly as it appears at a specific moment in time and does not monitor for updates to the data. Snapshot replication is best used as a method for replicating data that changes infrequently or where the most up-to-date values, low latency, is not a requirement. When synchronization occurs, the entire snapshot is generated and sent to Subscribers.
2. Transactional. Transactions, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements, executed on one computer are replicated to another computer. With transactional replication, an initial snapshot of data is applied at subscribers, and then when data modifications are made at the Publisher, the individual transactions are captured and propagated to Subscribers. Transactional replication is helpful when: Incremental changes need to be propagated to subscribers as they occur.
Transactions need to adhere to the Atomic, Consistency, Isolation, and
Durability (ACID) properties. Subscribers are reliably and/or frequently connected to the Publisher.
3. Merge. Updates on any computer will be replicated to another computer at a later time. Merge replication is the process of distributing data from Publisher to Subscribers, allowing both the Publisher and Subscribers to make updates while connected or disconnected, and then merging the updates between sites when connected. Merge replication allows various sites to work autonomously. At a later time, merge updates produce single, uniform result. The initial snapshot is applied to Subscribers, and then you have tracked changes to published data at the Publisher and at the Subscribers. The data is synchronized between servers continuously, at a scheduled time, or on demand. Because updates are made at more than one server, the same data may have been updated by the Publisher, or by more than one Subscriber. Thus, conflicts can occur when updates are merged. Merge replication includes default and custom choices for conflict resolution that the user can define while configuring a merge publication. When a conflict occurs, a resolver is invoked by the Merge Agent and determines which data will be accepted and propagated to other sites. Merge replication is helpful when: Multiple Subscribers need to update data at various times and propagate those changes to the Publisher and to other Subscribers. Subscribers need to receive data, make changes offline, and later synchronize changes with the Publisher and other
Subscribers. Not many conflicts are expected when data is updated at multiple sites. This is because the data is filtered into partitions and then published to different Subscribers, or due to the uses of the application. However, if conflicts do occur, violations of ACID properties are acceptable.
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
Requirement analysis task is a process of discovery, refinement, modeling and specification. Both the developers and customers take an active role in requirement analysis. Requirement analysis is a communication intensive activity. Requirement analysis can be divided into:
Problem Recognition
Problem Evaluation & Synthesis
Problem Recognition The goal of this step is recognition of basic problem elements as indicated by the customer. The basic purpose of this activity is to obtain a thorough understanding of the needs of the client and the user, what exactly is desired from the software and what are the constraints on the solution. Problems of the existing system:
Security can’t assured
Delay in storing and retrieving information
Possibility of human errors
Problem Evaluation & Synthesis In this step analyst must define all externally observable objects, evaluate flow and control of the information, define and elaborate all software functions, understand. Software behavior and design constraints etc. Evaluation and synthesis continues until both analyst and customer field confident about the product. Once the problems are identified, evaluation process begins. After evaluation of the current problem and desired in formations, the analyst synthesis one or more solutions.
Security can be assured
Cost effective
No chance of errors
MODELING During the evaluation and solution synthesis activity, the analyst creates models of the system in an effort to better understand data and control flow. The model serves as foundation for software design and as the basis for the creation of specification for the software. For the better understanding of data and control flow we use Data Flow Diagram.
Data Flow Diagrams
Data Flow Diagram is used to define the flow of the system and its resources such as information’s. DFDs are a way of expressing systems requirements in graphical manner. DFD represents one of the most ingenious tools used for structured analysis. It has the purpose of clarifying system requirements and identifying major transformations that will become programs in the system design. It is the major starting point in the design phase that functionalities decompose the requirement specification to the lowest level of detail.
DFD of “Crime Reporting System” is as shown in Appendix A.
SYSTEM DESIGN
SYSTEM DESIGN
The most creative and challenging phase of the system life cycle is system design. The term design describes a final system and the process by which it is developed. It refers to the technical specifications that will be applied in implementing the proposed system. It also includes the construction of program and designing of output, input, menu, code, database and process of the system. System output may be report, document or a message. In on-line applications, information is displayed on the screen. The layout sheet for displayed output is similar to the layout chart used for designing output. On-line data entry makes use of processor that accepts commands and data from the operator through a keyboard or a device such as touch screen or voice input. Designing the code depends on the programming language chosen and mostly they are not specified while outlining the design of the system. The goal of coding is to translate the design of the system in to code in a programming language. The aim of the code design is to implement the system in best possible manner. Database design is used to define and specify the structure of objects used in the system. A wide array of design information must be developed during the database design. A database is the collection of interrelated data stored with minimum redundancy to serve many users quickly and efficiently. The general objective of data base design is to make information access easy, quick, inexpensive, and flexible for the user. Databases of “Crime Reporting System” is as shown in Appendix B.
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN a) Program Structure The product entitled “Crime Reporting System” follows bottom up program structure. Description about bottom up approach:In a bottom-up approach the individual base elements of the system are first specified in great detail. These elements are then linked together to form larger subsystems, which then in turn are linked, sometimes in many levels, until a complete top-level system is formed. This strategy often resembles a "seed" model, whereby the beginnings are small, but eventually grow in complexity and completeness. However, "organic strategies", may result in a tangle of elements and subsystems, developed in isolation, and subject to local optimization as opposed to meeting a global purpose. PROCEDURAL DESIGN Procedural design occurs after data, architectural, and interface designs must be translated in to operational software. The procedural design for each component, represented in graphical, tabular or text based notation, is the primary work product produced during component level design. Begin If ((User name is valid)) and corresponding password is correct) then The user is an authorized person & can access the system Else Display invalid user End If End
INTERFACE DESIGN External machine interface:- We need a high quality modem to connect to the internet. NIC i.e. network interface card is also required to access the internet.TCP/IP and http are the protocols used. If we want some hard copy of any receipts, we need a printer for that. External system interface:- Since Crime Reporting System requires a database and is working as online, the client machines requires proper connection with the server machine. Human interface:- In project work entitled “Crime Reporting System” the user will interacts with product through Graphical User Interface (GUI) which will be developed in front pages. Since GUIs are the interface, workings with GUIs are very simple and not at all complicated. So any user who had no knowledge about softwares and computers can use this “Crime Reporting System” very simply. The input and output forms of “Crime Reporting System” are provided in Appendix C.
CODING
CODING Coding in “Crime Reporting System” was done with ASP as front end and SQL Server as back end. A professional coding standard and style is followed to ensure the internationalization of the software code. Different naming conventions are used for the easy evaluation of code for future tome. This makes the code for reuse and easy debugging for a third person. It also enhance to the international style of coding.
SYSTEM TESTING
SYSTEM TESTING System testing is a critical aspect of Software Quality Assurance and represents the ultimate review of specification, design and coding. Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error. A good test is one that has a probability of finding an as yet undiscovered error. The purpose of testing is to identify and correct bugs in the developed system. Nothing is complete without testing. Testing is the vital to the success of the system. In the code testing the logic of the developed system is tested. For this every module of the program is executed to find an error. To perform specification test, the examination of the specifications stating what the program should do and how it should perform under various conditions. Unit testing focuses first on the modules in the proposed system to locate errors. This enables to detect errors in the coding and logic that are contained within that module alone. Those resulting from the interaction between modules are initially avoided. In unit testing step each module has to be checked separately. System testing does not test the software as a whole, but rather than integration of each module in the system. The primary concern is the compatibility of individual modules. One has to find areas where modules have been designed with different specifications of data lengths, type and data element name. Testing and validation are the most important steps after the implementation of the developed system. The system testing is performed to ensure that there are no errors in the implemented system. The software must be executed several times in order to find out the errors in the different modules of the system. Validation refers to the process of using the new software for the developed system in a live environment i.e., new software inside the organization, in order to find out the
errors. The validation phase reveals the failures and the bugs in the developed system. It will be come to know about the practical difficulties the system faces when operated in the true environment. By testing the code of the implemented software, the logic of the program can be examined. A specification test is conducted to check whether the specifications stating the program are performing under various conditions. Apart from these tests, there are some special tests conducted which are given below: 1. Peak Load Tests: This determines whether the new system will handle the volume of activities when the system is at the peak of its processing demand. The test has revealed that the new software for the agency is capable of handling the demands at the peak time. 2. Storage Testing: This determines the capacity of the new system to store transaction data on a disk or on other files. The proposed software has the required storage space available, because of the use of a number of hard disks. 3. Performance Time Testing: This test determines the length of the time used by the system to process transaction data. The testing steps performed in “Crime Reporting System” are given below:
Unit testing
Integration testing
Validation testing
Unit testing In unit testing different modules are tested against the specifications produced during the design of the modules. Unit testing is essential for the verification of the code produced during the coding phase, and hence the goal is to test the internal logic of the modules. The testing is carried out during the programming itself. After designing and coding each form they are run to see whether there are any anomalies. Some of the various test cases used to test the system are as follows:
Test cases are given for testing against requirements of the unit being tested.
Test case for path or branch covering.
Test case for data flow coverage.
Testing with classes of bad data
In unit testing the program unit that make up the system are tested individually. Unit testing focuses first on the modules, independent of one another to locate errors. Here in “Crime Reporting System” unit testing contains testing like user registration test, login test, user updating test, agent registration test, policy registration test, customer request test, premium calculation test etc. This enables to detect in coding and the logic with in the module alone. This testing is also used to ensure the integrity of data stored temporarily. Integration testing Integration testing is systematic technique for constructing the program structure, while at the same time conducting test to uncover errors associated with interfacing. That is the program is constructed and tested in small segments, which makes it easier to isolate and correct. Invalid modules are invariably related to one another and interact in a total system. Each portion of the system is tested against the entire module with both testing and live data before the entire system is ready to be implemented. When the individual modules were found works satisfactory, the system integration test was carried out. Data was collected in such a way that all program paths could be covered. Using these data a complete test was made. All outputs were generated. Different users were allowed to work on the system to check its performance. So here in “Crime Reporting System” integration testing contains administrative module, customer module and login with administrative and customer module.
Validation testing
At the culmination of the integration testing, the software was completely assembled as package, interfacing errors have been uncovered and a final series of software validation testing began. Here we test the system functions in manner that can be reasonably expected by customer, the system was tested against system requirement specification. Different unusual inputs that the users may use were assumed and the outputs were verified for such unprecedented inputs. Deviation or errors discovered at this step are corrected prior to the completion of this project with the help of user by negotiating to establish a method for resolving deficiencies. Thus the proposed system under consideration has been tested by using validation testing and found to be working satisfactorily.
TEST RESULTS The primary goal of software implementation is the production of source code that is easy to read and understand. Clarification of source code helps in easier debugging, testing and modification. Source code clarification is enhanced by structural coding techniques, by good coding style, by appropriate supporting documents, by good internal comments and by the features provided in the modern programming language. In our implementation phase, source code contains both global and formal variables. It contains predefined functions as well as the user defined functions. The result of the new system is compared with the old system and supposes the result is wrong the error must be debugged. After the acceptance of the system by the user, the existing system must be replaced by this new system. Any user can work in this package very easily. It does not require any intensive training for the user. Procedures and functions in the system are very simple that any one can understand and correspondingly act to the system with no difficulty.
Test Cases User Authentication:
Functions Tested
Expected Result
User should enter both User Name and password Logout when user wants to discontinue login section
Test Result When the user enters only one or none login As screen will displayed with error message expected Displaying the user logout successfully
As expected
Integer Field Check: Checking whether a particular text field, which is supposed to receive only integers, is receiving any other characters. Input Value
Expected Result
Result
123 Dqwe
Display Doesn’t Display
Pass Pass
$#*>.)
Doesn’t Display
Pass
Field Checking: Function Tested
Expected Result
Name
The name of the user is entered here. It can contain only characters and blank space
Mobile-Phone, Zip code, Date of Birth
This should only contain numbers.
Test Result Test Successful Test successful
IMPLEMETATION
IMPLEMENTATION The next stage after testing is implementation. Generally implementation is referred to conversion of a new system design to an operational one. It also deals with the training of operators. An implementation plan is to be made before starting the actual implementation of the system. Implementation is the stage where the theoretical design is converted into a working system. The newly proposed system is implemented after the successful testing of the system. Implementation Methods The term implementation has different meanings, ranging from the conversion of a basic application to a complete replacement of a computer system. The procedure, however, is virtually the same. Implementation is used here to mean the process for converting a new or revised system into an operational one. Conversion is one aspect of implementation. The other aspects are the post implementation review and software maintenance. There are three types of implementation:
Implementation of a computer system to replace a manual system.
Implementation of a new computer system to replace an existing one.
Implementation of a modified application to replace an existing one.
Conversion means changing from one system to another. That is data in the old format is run through a program, or a series of programs, to convert it into the new format. Conversion can also be from one hardware medium to another. The objective is to put the tested system into operation while holding costs, risk and personnel irritation to a minimum. It involves :
Creating computer compatible files.
Training the operating staff.
Installing terminals and hardware.
A problem for management is discovering, at integration time, that pieces of modules simply do not fit together. Such problem will arise when charge is made to only one copy of the design document. When integration is completed, the product as whole is tested, this is termed product testing. When the developers are confident about the correction of every aspect of product, it is handled over to the client for acceptance testing. Implementation Plan The implementation plan includes a description of all the activities that must occur to implement the new system and to put it into operation. It identifies the personnel responsible for the activities and prepares a time chart for implementing the system. The implementation plan consists of the following steps.
List all files required for implementation.
Identify all data required to build new files during the implementation.
List all new documents and procedures that go into the new system.
The implementation plan should anticipate possible problems and must be able to deal with them. The usual problems may be missing documents; mixed data formats between current and files, errors in data translation, missing data etc.
SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE
SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE Security Any system developed should be secured and protected against possible hazards. Security measures are provided to prevent unauthorized access of the database at various levels. An uninterrupted power supply should be so that the power failure or voltage fluctuations will not erase the data in the files. Threats to System’s Security The lists of potential threats are :
Disgruntled and dishonest users
Fire
Errors and omissions
Natural disasters
External attacks
System Security Measurements Identification It is scheme for identifying persons to the system based on ‘something you know’ such as password. In the Smart College system, the student, staff, and the librarian are given passwords for identification purpose during registration process. Access Control
Controlling access to computer databases is essential. In the Smart College system only the administrator has given the access to the tables. Audit Control Auditing must be supported at all levels of management. Audit controls protect system from external security breaches and internal fraud or embezzle men. Various software programs are available to help in the audit function. System Integrity This line of defense safeguards the functioning of the hardware, software, physical security and operating procedures. Proper backup of hardware and software are extremely important. Password protection and simple procedures to change the unauthorized access are provided to the users. The system allows the user to enter the system only through login.
We may define Software Maintenance by describing for activities that are undertaken after a program is released for use. 1. Corrective Maintenance The first maintenance activity occurs since it is unreasonable to assume that software testing will uncover all errors in a large software system. 2. Adaptive Maintenance This activity that contributes to the definition of maintenance occurs since rapid change is encountered in every aspect if computing. 3. Perceptive Maintenance This activity involves recommendation for new capability modifications to the existing functions and general enhancements when software is used. 4. Preventive Maintenance This activity occurs when software is changed to improve further maintainability and reliability.
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT Anything cannot be ended in a single step. It is the fact that nothing permanent in this world. So this utility also has some future enhancements in the evergreen and booming IT industry. Change is inevitable. The project entitled “Crime Reporting System” was successfully designed developed and tested. The system and the architecture is a compatible one, so addition of new modules can be done without much difficulty. Since this module has its unique properties it can extend further to make this system a complete one. Scope of further development The various Future Enhancement which shall include in this software are: We look forward to working with the Government in implementing the recommendations and seeing an improvement in the effectiveness of the organization The method of video conferencing can be added to make the project more lively An intercom facility will add a little more flexible communication between the Master and Branch In Charge, Master and Members, etc. Not withstanding this drive and progress, the Panel believes that more fundamental changes are needed. It hopes that the recommendation made in this report will assist in changing the culture around partnership.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION The Software developed is found to be working efficiently and effectively. It results in regular and timely action against crime reported. It can be observed that the information can be obtained easily and accurately. The Software is made user friendly to the maximum so that any lay man can run the software provided he could access to the system via the login password. It believes that partnership work is highly beneficial to the organization and that partnership work is the way forward to reduce crime and disorder Hence, we wish to remind that its culture should fully endorse partnership work; we urge to ensure the attention they require.
Appendix A (DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS) Level 0 DFD
Crime Automation
login
users
request
crimereport
& Reporting details
response
System
Level 1.0 DFD (admin)
admin
request
details
login
registration
username
password
station processe s
login
details
station
request
complaints
details details
crimedescription assignstation
Level 1.1 DFD (citizen)
citizen
request
details
login
registration
username
login
password
details
complaints
crimedescription
Level 1.2 DFD (station)
station
request
details
login
registration
username
password
crime processe s
login
details
crimedescription fir criminaldetails newteamregister teammember victim
request
witness
close crime
details crimedescription
advocate crimeclose
Level 2.0 DFD (admin)
admin
request
station approval
view complaints
response
details
station
complaints
details
assign station
crimeid
assignstation
crimedescription
Level 2.1 DFD (citizen)
citizen
request
send complaints
details
crimedescription
details
view accepted complaints
response crimeid
crime status
crimeclose
Level 2.2.0 DFD (station)
Level 2.2.1 DFD (station)
station
request
view complaints
details
crimedescription
criid response
avocation processes
crimeid
close crime
details
crimedescription assignstation
criminaldetails advocate
Appendix B (TABLES)
Appendix C (INPUT & OUTPUT FORMS)
Login Page
Citizen Registration Form
Citizen Login
Citizen Home Page
Citizen Profile Page
Send Complaints
Case Status
Station Registration Form
Admin Login
View Station
Station Approval
View Complaints
Assign Station
Station Login
Station Home Page
Station Profile
View Complaints
Criminal Details Entry
FIR
Team Registration
Team Members Entry
Victim Details Entry
Witness Details Entry
Arrest Details
Avocation Details
Close Crime
Search Crime
FIR Quest
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAGHY
Reference Books
1. Active Server Pages for Dummies. IDG Books worldwide, 2001 2. Scott Stabbert, Authentication and Security for Internet developers 3. All India Reporter 4. Kerala Law Times Journal 5. Indian Law Reporter
Reference Sites 1. Howard, Michael. “Microsoft Internet Information Server Security”
URLs http://www.highcourtofkerala.com/ http://www.casecitation.com/
