HTKIG AW_FIA_KFE * TG]FT_KEC X[X_GI
1% 4% 8% ?%
7%
:%
3% 2%
;% 1=% 11%
X{ef}xkx Ftcaek~akfe ]tfjklg ]tfngh Fzgtzkgs X{xgi Aeal{xkx ?%1 Grkxkec X{xgi ?%4 ]tf}fxgo X{xgi ?%8 Jgaxkdklk{ Xwo{ ?%8%1 Ghfefikh Jgaxkdklk{ ?%8%4 _ghbekhal Jgaxkdklk{ ?%8%8 Dgbazkftal Jgaxkdklk{ ?%? _fflx * ]lajftix Wxgo Tgqwktgige Aeal{xkx 7%1 ]tfdlgi Tghfcekkfe 7%4 ]tfdlgi Gzalwakfe aeo X{ebgxkx 7%8 Ifoglkec X{xgi Ogxkce :%1 Oaa Ogxkce :%4 Athbkghwtal Ogxkce :%8 ]tfhgowtal Ogxkce :%? Kegtjahg Ogxkce Hfokec X{xgi _gxkec 2%1 _gxkec ]tfhgxx 2%4 Wek _gxkec 2%8 Kegctakfe _gxkec 2%? Zalkoakfe _gxkec Ki}lgigeakfe Ki}lgigeakfe ]tfhgowtgx ;%1 Xfjsatg Iakegeaehg Hfehlwxkfe A}}geokhgx A}}geokr A "OJO+ A}}geokr D "_adlgx+ A}}geokr H "Ke}w jftix aeo Fw}w jftix+
Dkdlkfcta}b{
X[EF]XKX
X[EF]XKX X{ef}xkx kx a cgegtal ofhwigeakfe ffl% D{ igaex fj a ifowlat xtwhwtg, k aoa}x f okjjgtge x{lgx fj gidgoogo ofhwigeakfe, okjjgtge }tfctaiikec laecwacgx aeo zatkfwx fw}w jftiax% K xhalgx sgll skb bg xk~g fj bg }tfngh d{ allfskec }tfhgxxkec f dg hfetfllgo d{ ia`kec jklgx% _bg Htkig Tghftox Iaeacgige X{xgi a}}lkgx f ]flkhg Xakfex all ahtfxx bg hfwet{ aeo x}ghkjkhall{ lff`x kef bg xwdngh htkig }tgzgekfe, ogghkfe, hfezkhkfe fj htkikealx og}geokec fe a bkcbl{ tgx}fexkzg dah`dfeg fj Kejftiakfe Iaeacgige%
Ifowlgx fj bg }tfngh
Aoikekxtaft‖x ifowlg skll dg jfhwxkec fe bg iakegeaehg lk`g Iaxgt Oaa
Iakegeaehg, Tgifzal fj flo aeo fwoago oaa jtfi bg xfjsatg gh% Xakfe ifowlg ogalx skb }tfhgxxkec fj hfi}lakex, htgakec JKT, gegtkec zkhki * skegxx ogaklx gh% All bg daxkh }tfhgxxkec fj a xakfe skll dg ofeg ke bkx ifowlg% Hkk~ge ifowlg kx jft bg }wdlkh wxgt, sbf bax a hfi}lake f tgckxgt% Htkig ifowlg kx wxgo jft gegtkec all ogaklx adfw bg htkig% K hfeakex bg oag, }flkhg xakfe sbgtg k kx tghftogo, }lahg, Eawtg fj Htkig gh% Xgathb ifowlg kx jft xgathbkec htkig ke xakfe skxg, eawtg fj htkig% Azfhakfe Ifowlg ogalx skb bg Las }at fj gzgt{ Htkig%
FTCAEK^A_KFE ]TFJKLG
FTCAEK^A_KFE ]TFJKLG Xfj Xflwkfex }tfzkogx sftloskog K_ xflwkfex jft Clfdal 1=== hft}ftakfex f xa{ adtgax fj bg hbaecgx ke foa{‖x gezktfeige% Fwt atgax fj gr}gtkxg kehlwog
ghbeflfc{ hfexwlkec, A}}lkhakfe Ogzglf}ige, Kejftiakfe Xghwtk{ aeo XA]% Sg atg bkcbl{ ifkzago, gr}gtkgehgo }tfjgxxkfealx hfiikgo f fwt hlkge‖x xw hhgxx%
Fwt ghbekhal gr}gtkxg geadlgx wx f keefzag, ogzglf}, aeo ki}lgige hwkec gocg ghbeflfc{ xflwkfex, tgxwlkec ke xkcekjkhae xazkecx jft hlkgex%
Bgtg a Xfj Xflwkfe, sg atg xkehgtgl{ hfiikgo f ia`kec a okjjgtgehg% Ax }at fj fwt hft}ftag xfhkal tgx}fexkdklk{ }tfctai, sg ofeag a }ftkfe fj fwt tgzgewgx f bg 7B ]tfctai, a xgtzkhg }tfngh ba kx xw}}ftgo d{ bg Kegteakfeal Axxfhkakfe Hft}ftag Xfhkal Tgx}fexkdklk{ “Sba okxkecwkxbgx Xfj Xflwkfe jtfi kx hfi}gkftx kx bg sft` hwlwtg fj grhgllgehg, sbkhb kx bg tgxwl fj fwt hfiikige f a ctgagt hawxg%’ ‘ ‘ It% It% Batkxb
Taiahbaeotae, HGF
A Xfj Xflwkfe, sg `efs ba xwhhgxx ogiaeox bg bkcbgx xaeoatox fj xfhkal, ghfefikh aeo gezktfeigeal tgx}fexkdklk{ ahtfxx fwt f}gtakfex sftloskog%
Xfj Xflwkfe‛x Xgtzkhgx
Sft`kec hlfxgl{ skb fwt hlkgex, sg hwxfik~g fwt xflwkfex f jk gahb aeo gzgt{ hlkge#x wekqwg eggox aeo iat`g}lahg% Lkxgo atg, dw a jgs fj Xfj Xflwkfe‖x
hfi}tgbgexkzg xwkg fj xgtzkhgx>
A}}lkhakfe Ogzglf}ige Kejftiakfe Xghwtk{ XA] Ki}lgigeakfe
]TFNGH_ FZGTZKGS
]TFNGH_ FZGTZKGS _bg Htkig Tghftox Iaeacgige X{xgi a}}lkgx f ]flkhg Xakfex all ahtfxx bg hfwet{ aeo x}ghkjkhall{ lff`x kef bg xwdngh htkig }tgzgekfe, ogghkfe, hfezkhkfe fj htkikealx og}geokec fe a bkcbl{ tgx}fexkzg dah`dfeg fj Kejftiakfe Iaeacgige% _bg gjjkhkgeh{ fj bg ]flkhg aeo bg gjjghkzgegxx skb sbkhb k ah`lgx htkig og}geo fe sba qwalk{ fj kejftiakfe k hae ogtkzg jtfi kx grkxkec tghftox aeo bfs jax k hae bazg ahhgxx f k% K bao ofeg bkx }tfngh wxkec AX]%EG_ ax jtfe geo aeo XQL Xgtzgt ax dah` geo gaxkec bg gjjft fj wxgt%
Ifowlgx fj bg ]tfngh
1+ Xakfe ifowlg
Gahb fj bg xakfe iwx jktx tgckxgt skb bg Xfjsatg% Jft bg tgckxtakfe }at gahb xakfe gegt bgkt ogaklx lk`g xakfe eaig, aootgxx, }bfeg ef, xakfe ke hbatcg gh% aeo cg a Wxgt Ko jtfi bg Xfjsatg% Fehg bg }tfx}ghkzg xakfe tgckxgtx skb bg xfjsatg bg{ hae azakl bg grkxkec tghftox%
4+ Hkk~ge ifowlg
Gahb fj bg hkk~gex, sbf bax a hfi}lake f tgckxgt, iwx jktx tgckxgt skb bg Xfjsatg% Jft bg tgckxtakfe }at gahb }gtxfe gegt bgkt ogaklx lk`g eaig, aootgxx, }bfeg ef%, G)Iakl KO gh% aeo cg a Wxgt Ko * }axxsfto jtfi bg Xfjsatg% Fehg bg tgckxtakfe kx hfi}lgg, bg hkk~ge hae xkce)ke f bg sgdxkg * tgckxgt bgkt hfi}lake%
8+ Htkig ifowlg
_bkx ifowlg kx wxgo jft gegtkec all ogaklx adfw bg htkig% K hfeakex bg oag aeo kig, }flkhg xakfe sbgtg k kx tghftogo, }lahg, Eawtg fj Htkig, Lfhakfe fj bg Htkig gh%
?+ Xgathb ifowlg
Ke bkx ifowlg sg hae xgathb bg htkig ke xakfe skxg, eawtg fj htkig%
7+ Aoikekxtaftx Ifowlg
_bg ifowlg skll dg }tfghgo d{ wxgt KO aeo }axxsfto% Ftokeat{ wxgtx fj bg xfjsatg skll ef dg }gtikgo f gegt kef bkx atga fj bg xfjsatg% _bg ifowlg skll dg jfhwxkec fe bg iakegeaehg lk`g Iaxgt Oaa Iakegeaehg, Tgifzal fj flo aeo fwoago oaa jtfi bg xfjsatg gh%
:+ Azfhakfe Ifowlg
_bkx Ifowlg ogalx skb bg Las }at fj gzgt{ Htkig%
ADFW_ _BG OGZGLF]KEC X[X_GI
_bg x{xgi bax ogzglf}go ke AX]%EG_ ax jtfe geo aeo XQL xgtzgt 4=== ax dah` geo%
AX]%EG_ "Ahkzg Xgtzgt ]acgx%eg+ SBA_ KX AX]%EG_> Ikhtfxfj AX]%EG_ kx a jtgg ghbeflfc{ ba allfsx
}tfctaiigtx f htgag h tgag o{eaikh sgd a}}lkhakfex%AX]%EG_ a}}lkhakfe x%AX]%EG_ hae dg wxgo wxg o f htgag ae{bkec jtfi xiall, }gtxfeal sgdxkgx btfwcb f latcg, gegt}tkxg)hlaxx sgd a}}lkhakfex% AX]%EG_ kx bg lagx zgtxkfe fj Ikhtfxfj#x Ahkzg Xgtzgt ]acgx ghbeflfc{ "AX]+%AX]%EG_ kx a }at fj bg Ikhtfxfj %EG_ jtaigsft`, aeo a }fsgtjwl ffl jft htgakec o{eaikh aeo kegtahkzg sgd }acgx% All sg eggo f cg xatgo skb AX]%EG_ kx bg jtgg %EG_ Jtaigsft` aeo bg jtgg Zkxwal Sgd Ogzglf}gt% AX]> AX] kx a xgtzgt xkog xhtk}kec ghbeflfc{ ba geadlgx xhtk}x "gidgoogo ke sgd }acgx+ f dg grghwgo d{ ae Kegteg xgtzgt
Adfw ZD%EG_ Ikhtfxfj%eg sax jftigtl{ `efse ax egr cgegtakfe skeofsx xgtzkhgx "ECSX jft xbft+%K kx a hfi}lggl{ egs }lajfti jft ogzglf}kec bg egr cgegtakfe fj skeofsx
&sgd a}}lkhakfex% _bgxg a}}lkhakfex sfwlo taexhgeo ogzkhg dfweoatkgx aeo jwll{ bategxx bg }fsgt fj kegteg% Bfsgzgt, bkx egs }lajfti tgqwktgo a laecwacg, sbkhb hfwlo a`g kx jwll{ aozaeacg0 bkx kx feg fj jahftx ba lgo f bg ogzglf}ige fj ZD% ZD bax gzflzgo jtfi QDAXKH laecwacg% _bg ZD hfi}klgt kx hfexkogtgo f dg bg ifx gjjkhkge hfi}klgt ke bg %eg jaikl{ aeo a ianft }at fj bg %eg daxgo hlaxxgx lkdtatkgx, kxglj atg stkge ke ZD%
XQL Xgtzgt 4===
Ikhtfxfj XQL Xgtzgt 4=== kx a tglakfeal oaadaxg iaeacgige x{xgi "TODIX+ }tfowhgo d{ Ikhtfxfj% Kx }tkiat{ qwgt{ laecwacg kx _taexah XQL, ae ki}lgigeakfe fj bg AEXK&KXF xaeoato XQL wxgo d{ dfb Ikhtfxfj aeo X{daxg% XQL
Xgtzgt
allfsx
iwlk}lg
hlkgex
f
wxg
bg
xaig
oaadaxg
hfehwttgel{% XQL Xgtzgt }tfzkogx sf ifogx fj hfehwttgeh{ hfetfl> }gxxkikxkh aeo f}kikxkh hfehwttgeh{% Sbge }gxxkikxkh hfehwttgeh{ hfetfl kx dgkec wxgo, XQL Xgtzgt hfetflx hfehwttge ahhgxx d{ wxkec lfh`x% Lfh`x hae dg gkbgt xbatgo ft grhlwxkzg% Grhlwxkzg lfh` ctaex bg wxgt grhlwxkzg ahhgxx f bg oaa ef fbgt wxgt hae ahhgxx bg oaa ax lfec ax bg lfh` kx bglo% Xbatgo lfh`x atg wxgo sbge xfig oaa kx dgkec tgao)iwlk}lg wxgtx hae tgao oaa lfh`go skb a xbatgo lfh`, dw ef ahqwktg ae grhlwxkzg lfh`% XQL Xgtzgt alxf }tfzkogx bg f}kikxkh hfehwttgeh{ hfetfl ighbaekxi, sbkhb kx xkiklat f bg iwlkzgtxkfe hfehwttgeh{ hfetfl wxgo ke fbgt oaadaxgx%
X[X_GI X]GHKJKHA_KFEX
XFJ_SATG X]GHKJKHA_KFEX
_bg “Htkig Tg}ftkec X{xgi’ iwx wxg Ikhtfxfj XQL xgtzgt 4=== ax kx oaadaxg
hfi}fege%
Xfjsatg Tgqwktgigex
_bg xfjsatg tgqwktgigex kehlwog bg xfjsatg ba kx tgqwktgo jft sft`kec% Xfjsatg tgqwktgigex atg ax jfllfsx>
Ogzglf}igex _fflx
AX] %EG_ wxgx bg egs AOF %EG_%
AX] %EG_ xw}}ftx jwll Zkxwal Daxkh, ef ZDXhtk}% ZDXhtk} %
AX] %EG_ xw}}ftx H( "H xbat}+ aeo H%AX] %EG_ xw}}ftx NXhtk} ax dgjftg%
Oaadaxg
XQL Xgtzgt
A}}lkhakfe Xgtzgt
Xwe Ikhtfx{xgix
F}gtakec X{xgi
Skeofsx R] ]tfjgxxkfeal
BATOSATG X]GHKJKHA_KFE
Batosatg kegtjahgx x}ghkjkgx bg lfckhal hbatahgtkxkhx fj gahb kegtjahg dgsgge bg xfjsatg }tfowh aeo bg batosatg hfi}fegex fj bg x{xgi% Iae{ dwxkegxx {}g a}}lkhakfex skll ef bazg batosatg kegtjahgx, xkehg “Htkig Tg}ftkec X{xgi’ kx ae
a}}lkhakfe k ff skll ef tgqwktg ae{ }atkhwlat batosatg kegtjahg%
Batosatg Tgqwktgigex
_bg batosatg jft bg }tfngh xbfwlo dg xglghgo ke xwhb a sa{ ba k xbfwlo ckzg bg iarkiwi f}kial tgxwl %Batosatg tgqwktgigex atg ax jfllfsx> Xgtzgt Xkog
]tfhgxxft >Kegl ]gekwi "KK+ ft bkcbgt
142 ID TAI
4 CD Bato Okx` ft iftg
XZCA Hflft Ifekft
1=? @g{dfato
Ae{ Ifwxg
Ae{ ifogi
Hlkge Xkog
]tfhgxxft >Kegl ]gekwi "KK+ ft bkcbgt
142 ID TAI
4 CD Bato Okx` ft iftg
XZCA Hflft Ifekft
1=? @g{dfato
Ae{ Ifwxg
Ae{ Ifogi
X[X_GI AEAL[XKX
X[X_GI AEAL[XKX X{xgi Aeal{xkx sft`x skb wxgtx f kogekj{ cfalx aeo dwklo x{xgix f ahbkgzg bgi% X{xgi aeal{xkx kx ae ki}ftae }baxg fj ae{ x{xgi ogzglf}ige }tfhgxx% _bg x{xgi kx xwokgo f bg ikewgx ogaklx aeo aeal{~go% _bg x{xgi aeal{x }la{x bg tflg fj ae kegttfcaft aeo osgllx ogg} ke f bg sft`kec fj bg }tgxge x{xgi% Ke aeal{xkx, a ogaklgo xwo{ fj bgxg f}gtakfex }gtjftigo d{ a x{xgi aeo bgkt tglakfexbk}x skbke aeo fwxkog fj bg x{xgi kx ofeg% A `g{ qwgxkfe hfexkogtgo bgtg kx, “sba iwx dg ofeg f xflzg bg }tfdlgi6’ Feg ax}gh fj aeal{xkx kx ogjkekec bg
dfweoatkgx fj bg x{xgi aeo oggtikekec sbgbgt ft ef bg haeokoag x{xgi xbfwlo dg hfexkogtgo% _bg x{xgi kx zkgsgo ax a sbflg aeo bg ke}wx f bg x{xgi atg kogekjkgo% _bg fw}wx jtfi bg x{xgi atg tahgo btfwcb bg zatkfwx }tfhgxxkec ba bg ke}w }baxgx btfwcb ke bg ftcaek~akfe% Owtkec aeal{xkx, oaa atg hfllghgo fe azakladlg jklgx, oghkxkfe }fkex, aeo taexahkfe baeolgo d{ }tgxge x{xgi% Fehg aeal{xkx kx hfi}lggo bg aeal{x bax a jkti weogtxaeokec fj sba kx f dg ofeg%
GRKX_KEC X[X_GI
Ke bg grkxkec htkig iaeacgige x{xgi, ifx fj bg f}gtakfex atg ofeg iaewall{ lk`g xgeo hfi}lakex, a`kec ahkfex acakex htkigx, zkgs xawx gh% Xf skb bg grkxkec x{xgi kj ae{dfo{ saex f hfi}lake acakex htkigx bg iwx of k btfwcb bg }flkhg% Kj sg atg ofkec bg x{xgi iaewall{, xf iae{ ikeft gttftx skll fhhwt% Gttft ogghkfe ke bg }tgzkfwx getkgx iaog aeo oaa htfxx zgtkjkhakfe kx aefbgt ki}ftae jwehkfe% _bgxg atg ofeg iaewall{, aeo k sfwlo a`g kig%
Otasdah`x fj bg grkxkec x{xgi hae dg hfehlwogo ax jfllfsx>
_bg grkxkec x{xgi kx kig hfexwikec aeo ef zgt{ wxgt jtkgeol{%
_bg JKT dtfwcb d{ a }gtxfe baklkec jtfi a jaikl{ dg{feo }fzgt{, bg grkxkec
x{xgi xbfsx kceftaehg jft bg xaig
_bg fjjkhgt ogalkec skb a }atkhwlat haxg haeef a`g oghkxkfe d{ bkixglj gzge
sbge bg kx bazkec bg jktx baeo `efslgocg&kejftiakfe adfw bg haxg aeo bg hae gr}gh fdxtwhkfex jtfi bkcbgt awbftkkgx&fjjkhkalx%
Gzge ae gjjkhkge fjjkhgt haeef&ia{ ef adlg f baeolg iftg bae feg haxg a a
kig%
Ax sg all `efs, a hfzgtgo twb, Dtkdgt{ }la{x ae ki}ftae tflg ke bg grkxkec
x{xgi%
Iae{ haxgx atg }kllgo w} ke bg hftegtx, sbkhb atg ef }tfzgo, owg f lah` fj
hfiikige ke bg nfd%
Ke ifx fj bg haxgx, bg keefhge atg ahhwxgo ke bg grkxkec x{xgi%
Ax }gt fwt nwtkxokhkfe, “Lg bfwxaeo htkikealx gxha}g )ef a xkeclg keefhge dg
}wekxbgo “% Ax a tgxwl fj bkx aeo fbgt jahftx ba kejlwgehg kezgxkcakfe, xwhb ax
dtkdgt{, bg keefhge dghfigx ahhwxgo ke xgzgtal xkwakfex ke bg g{gx fj Nwxkhg%
_bg grkxkec x{xgi hfwlo }tfzkog fel{ kezgxkcakfe aeo bgtg kx ef Aozfhakec,
Hfwexglkec jahklkkgx gh% bgehg ef hfeah ft hfetfl ft hf)ftokeakfe fe bgxg hgll%
_bg{ htkkhk~go k jft dgkec kegjjkhkge, kig hfexwikec, }fftl{ iaeacgo, okx}atag
aeo lah`kec jlgrkdklk{%
Gzalwakfe tgqwktgx ifekftkec htkig dgjftg, owtkec aeo ajgt bg kekkakzg%
Jahx fbgt bae bgxg kekkakzgx ia{ alxf ki}ah fe htkig lgzglx sbkhb ia`gx
gzalwakfe }atkhwlatl{ okjjkhwl%
Dghawxg fj bg aifwe fj xgtkfwx htkig, lgxxgt htkig cfgx wehbgh`go% Iae{
htkigx dghfig tgcatogo ax aekxfhkal ahkzkkgx%
]TF]FXGO X[X_GI
Fwt ikxxkfe xagige oktghx wx f }tfifg bg }wdlkh kegtgx sbklg dalaehkec bg Las% Fdzkfwxl{ sg‖ll ef twxb f nwocige, dw skll lff` a bg jahx aeo tgeogt a
bfwcbjwl oghkxkfe daxgo fe bgxg jahx% Ftcaek~akfe kx ae keog}geoge xawft{ dfo{ sbkhb sax htgago f iakeake ae gjjghkzg ae gjjghkzg aeo gjjkhkge }flkhg xgtzkhg jft bg }wdlkh% Kx }tkiat{ ax` kehlwogx xghwtkec hfekewfwx eggox fj bg }wdlkh ke ae gjjkhkge iaeegt% Ax }at fj bg tgx}fexkdklk{, ―fwt hfiikgg‖ kx
tgx}fexkdlg jft }gtjftiaehg ifekftkec "}gtjftiaehg }laeekec aeo tgzkgs jftigtl{ }tfjgxxkfeal xaeoatox aeo }gtjftiaehg ifekftkec+ oghkogo f lff` a bg hfetkdwkfe aeo gjjghkzgegxx fj bg ftcaek~akfe skbke bg }wdlkh% Sg eggo bg sbflg bgatgo xw}}ft
fj gahb aeo gzgt{ keokzkowal igidgt fj bg xkg aeo
hff}gtakfe fj bg wxgtx% _bg aoikekxtaft, alfec skb bg kezgxkcaftx, las{gtx, hfwexglftx, aeo fbgt awbftkkgx xawft{ }ategtx ke fwt ftcaek~akfe% Ckzge bgkt `g{ tflg ke bgxg }ategtxbk}x, sg jgl ba ae fzgtzkgs fj xtgecb aeo Sga`egxx fj bg ftcaek~akfe kx eggogo% _bg aki fj bg }tfngh kx f dtkec adfw ki}tfzgige f bg ftcaek~akfe‖x
hfetkdwkfex0 bkx tg}ft eghgxxatkl{ hfehgetagx fe fzgthfikec sga`egxx aeo takxkec xaeoatox% _f azfko hfeowhkec aeo wejakt gzalwakfe gjjftx sbkhb atg iaog f }w bkx hfetkdwkfe kef bkx hfegr% K dglkgzgx ba }ategtxbk} sft` kx bkcbl{ dgegjkhkal f bg ftcaek~akfe aeo ba }ategtxbk} sft` kx bg sa{ jftsato f tgowhg htkig aeo okxftogt%
Aozaeacgx fj bg ]tf}fxgo X{xgi> _bg xhtwke{ sax hattkgo fw btfwcb bg hfllghkfe fj stkge aeo ftal gzkogehg%
Dggt hfiiwekhakfe, dggt lgaogtxbk}, dggt takekec, iftg ogjkego tflgx
ke gtix fj hfetkdwkfe f hfetkdwkfe f bg xfhkg{%
Sft`kec skb }ategtx%
Tgowhkec htkig aeo okxftogt%
Hfejkogel{ aeo aefe{ik{ kxxwgx%
_bg }tf}fxgo x{xgi bax hfetfl fzgt all kx hgllx aeo kx }gtjghl{ hfftokeago% Alxf bg hgllx hae ah keokzkowall{% _f a`g fwt ftcaek~akfe f bgkcbx sg eggo bg sbflgbgatgo hf)f}gtakfe fj bg }wdlkh%
Fdnghkzgx fj bg ]tf}fxgo X{xgi
Ke bg jax ifzkec sftlo, kj }gf}lg lah` xfigbkec, k kx kig% All atg dwx{ ke bgkt sftlo% K skll dg sglhfigo kj xgtzkhgx atg }tfzkogo a bgkt skll% Xf bg iake fdnghkzg fj fwt }tfowh kx dggt hfiiwekhakfe, dggt lgaogtxbk}, tgowhkec htkig aeo okxftogt gh% _bg }tfowh }tfzkogx a jtaigsft` skbke sbkhb a wxgt hae gaxkl{ sft` skb% _ba sax fw egr fdnghkzg% Sg `efs wxgtx atg fj iae{ hagcftkgx, lk`g wxgtx jtfi sbf `efs sft`kec skb hfi}wgtx zgt{ sgll f wxgtx sbf okoe‖ `efs adfw hfi}wgtx%
Xf all bg hagcft{ hae wxg bg xfjsatg% Xf k xbfwlo dg wxgt jtkgeol{% _bg }tfowh }tfzkogx a jtaigsft`, sbkhb kx gttft jtgg% Sg `efs a htkig iaeacgige x{xgi kx ahwall{ a htkkhal }tfhgxx bazkec iae{ halhwlakfex aeo f}gtakfex% Xf gahb xki}lg gttft lako f dkc }tfdlgi% Xf k xbfwlo dg gttft jtgg aeo fwt fdnghkzg kx f dwklo gttft jtgg xfjsatg%
JGAXKDKLK_[ X_WO[
A jgaxkdklk{ xwo{ kx a gx fj x{xgi }tf}fxal ahhftokec f kx sft`adklk{, ki}ah fe bg ftcaek~akfe, adklk{ f igg wxgt eggox aeo gjjghkzg wxg fj tgxfwthgx% A}at jtfi bgxg, ae kekkal kezgxkcakfe kx lawehbgo f xwo{ bg }tgxge x{xgi, gzalwag bg }fxxkdlg a}}lkhakfe fj hfi}wgt daxgo fj igbfox% Xglghkec a geakzg x{xgi, gzalwag bg hfx aeo gjjghkzgegxx fj bg }tf}fxgo x{xgi, gzalwag bg ki}ah fj bg }tf}fxgo x{xgi, grkxkec }gtxfeal aeo axhgtake bg eggo fj egs }gtxfeal%
_f ogjkeg ae ki}tfzgo kejftiakfe x{xgi, bg xwo{ ctfw} iwx weogtxaeo bg kejftiakfe tgqwktgigex fj bg ftcaek~akfe% _bkx weogtxaeokec ia{ dg fdakego d{ oggtikekec sba kx hwttgel{ dgkec ofeg aeo fj kezgxkcakec btfwcb kegtzkgsx aeo aeal{xkx sba kejftiakfe kx eggogo f dg }tfzkogo ba kx ef dgkec jwtekxbgo d{ bg grkxkec x{xgi % Oaa fe bg hfx fj f}gtakec bg hwttge x{xgi eggox f dg hfllghgo ke ftogt f ia`g a hfx dgegjk jft a egs x{xgi%
_bg fdnghkzg fj jgaxkdklk{ xwo{ kx ef f xflzg bg }tfdlgi, dw f ahqwktg a xgexg fj kx xhf}g% Owtkec bg xwo{, bg }tfdlgi ogjkekkfe kx ht{xallk~go aeo ax}ghx fj bg }tfdlgi f dg kehlwogo ke bg x{xgi atg oggtikego, hfexgqwgel{ hfxx aeo dgegjkx atg gxkiago skb ctgagt ogakl a bkx xacg% _bg tgxwl fj bg jgaxkdklk{ xwo{ kx a x{xgi jftial }tf}fxal% _bkx kx a xki}l{ a jfti fj ofhwigekec ft ogaklkec bg eawtg aeo xhf}g fj }tf}fxgo xflwkfex% _bg }tf}fxal xwiiatk~gx sba kx `efse aeo sba kx cfkec f dg ofeg% _btgg `g{ hfexkogtakfex kezflzgo ke bg jgaxkdklk{ aeal{xkx>
Ghfefikh jgaxkdklk{
_ghbekhal jgaxkdklk{
Dgbazkftal jgaxkdklk{
GHFEFIKH JGAXKDKLK_[>
Ghfefikh aeal{xkx kx bg ifx jtgqwgel{ wxgo igbfo jft hfi}atkec bg hfx
skb bg dgegjk ft kehfig ba kx gr}ghgo jtfi ogzglf}go x{xgi%
Ke bg grkxkec x{xgi, iae{ }gf}lg atg kezflzgo ke bg }tfhgxx dw ke bg
}tf}fxgo x{xgi, ewidgt fj }gtxfex kezflzgo dg tgowhgo otaxkhall{% Xf bg }tf}fxgo x{xgi kx ghfefikh%
Ke bg grkxkec x{xgi, xftacg fj all bgxg tghftox xbfwlo dg attaecgo aeo
xghwtk{ xbfwlo dg }tfzkogo jft bg tghftox% Ke bg }tf}fxgo x{xgi, xg}atag xghwtk{ attaecgige kx ef eggogo xkehg bg xfjsatg }tfzkogx xghwtk{ aeo iakegeaehg kx xki}l{ aeo batol{ eggox feg ft sf }gtxfe f f}gtag bg x{xgi%
_GHBEKHAL JGAXKDKLK_[>
_bg jgaxkdklk{ hgegt fe bg grkxkec hfi}wgt x{xgi "xfjsatg, batosatg+ aeo
f sba grgeo k hae xw}}ft bg }tf}fxgo aookkfe%
Ke bg }tf}fxgo x{xgi, oaa hae dg gaxkl{ xftgo aeo iaeacgo ke oaadaxg
iaeacgige x{xgi xfjsatg%
_bg tgxwlx jft zatkfwx qwgtkgx hae dg cgegtago gaxkl{%
_bgtgjftg, bg x{xgi kx ghbekhall{ jgaxkdlg
DGBAZKFTAL JGAXKDKLK_[>
]gf}lg atg kebgtgel{ tgxkxae f hbaecg aeo hfi}wgt bax `efse f jahklkag
hbaecg% Ae gxkiag xbfwlo dg iaog fj bfs xtfec a tgahkfe bg wxgt xajj lk`gl{ f bazg fsatox bg ogzglf}igex fj hfi}wgtk~go x{xgi%
Ke bg grkxkec x{xgi iftg iae}fsgt kx tgqwktgo aeo kig jahft kx iftg dw ke bg }tf}fxgo x{xgi, iae}fsgt aeo kig jahftx atg tgowhgo %Xf, bg tgiakekec ewidgtx atg gecacgo skb xfig fbgt ki}ftae sft`x%
Ae XTX kx daxkhall{ ae ftcaek~akfe#x weogtxaeokec "ke stkkec+ fj a hwxfigt ft }fgekal hlkge#x x{xgi tgqwktgigex aeo og}geogehkgx a a }atkhwlat }fke ke kig "wxwall{+ }tkft f ae{ ahwal ogxkce ft ogzglf}ige sft`% K#x a sf)sa{ kexwtaehg }flkh{ ba axxwtgx ba dfb bg hlkge aeo bg ftcaek~akfe weogtxaeo bg fbgt‖x tgqwktgigex jtfi ba }gtx}ghkzg a a ckzge }fke ke kig%
_FFLX * ]LA_JFTIX WXGO _FFLX * ]LA_JFTIX
F}gtakec X{xgi
> Skeofsx E_&4==8 Xgtzgt
Jtfe Geo
> AX]%Eg skb ZD
Dah` Geo
> XQL XGTZGT 4==7
Jgawtgx fj xfjsatg wxgo Adfw Skeofsx 4==8
Skeofsx 4==8 Xgtzgt kehlwogx ki}tfzgo egsft`, a}}lkhakfe aeo Sgd xgtzkhgx% K }tfzkogx kehtgaxgo tglkadklk{ aeo xhaladklk{, lfsgtx {fwt hfx fj hfi}wkec skb }fsgtjwl, jlgrkdlg iaeacgige xgtzkhgx, aeo }tfzkogx bg dgx jfweoakfe jft tweekec dwxkegxx a}}lkhakfe% _bg Skeofsx CWK
_bg jaiklkat cta}bkhal wxgt kegtjahg k }tgxgex f bg sftlo% Hfi}wkec Ifogl
Skeofsx 4==8 Xgtzgt f}gtakfex atg daxgo fe a hlkge)xgtzgt hfi}wkec ifogl% _bkx kx a ifogl ke sbkhb bg hfi}wkec sft`lfao kx xbatgo dgsgge bg xgtzgt aeo bg hlkge% K kx a hf)f}gtakzg tglakfexbk} ba okzkogx bg sft`lfao gzgel{ dgsgge iahbkegx ft }tfhgxxgx fe a xkeclg iahbkeg% Zkxwal Xwokf %EG_
Zkxwal Xwokf %Eg kx bg ta}ko a}}lkhakfe ogzglf}ige ffl jft DAXKH% Zkxwal Xwokf %Eg fjjgtx hfi}lgg kegctakfe skb AX]%EG_ aeo geadlgx f otac aeo otf} xgtzgt hfetflx aeo ogxkce Sgd Jftix ax bg{ xbfwlo a}}gat sbge wxgt zkgsx bgi%
_bg %EG_ Jtaigsft` kx a iwlk)laecwacg gezktfeige jft dwklokec, og}lf{kec, aeo tweekec RIL Sgd xgtzkhgx aeo a}}lkhakfex% K hfexkxx fj jfwt iake }atx> Hfiife Laecwacg Twekig> Ogx}kg kx eaig, bg twekig ahwall{ bax a
tflg ke dfb a hfi}fege#x twekig aeo ogzglf}ige kig gr}gtkgehgx% Sbklg bg hfi}fege kx tweekec, bg twekig kx tgx}fexkdlg jft iaeackec igift{ allfhakfe, xatkec w} aeo xf}}kec btgaox aeo }tfhgxxgx, aeo gejfthkec xghwtk{ }flkh{, ax sgll ax xakxj{kec ae{ og}geogehkgx ba bg hfi}fege ikcb bazg fe fbgt hfi}fegex% A ogzglf}ige kig, bg twekig#x tflg hbaecgx xlkcbl{0 dghawxg k awfiagx xf iwhb "jft grai}lg, igift{ iaeacgige+, bg twekig ia`gx bg ogzglf}gt#x gr}gtkgehg zgt{ xki}lg, gx}ghkall{ sbge hfi}atgo f HFI ax k kx foa{% Ke }atkhwlat, jgawtgx xwhb ax tgjlghkfe otaiakhall{ tgowhg bg aifwe fj hfog a ogzglf}gt iwx stkg ke ftogt f wte dwxkegxx lfckh kef a tgwxadlg hfi}fege%
Wekjkgo }tfctaiikec hlaxxgx> K kx a hfi}lggl{ egs }lajfti jft ogzglf}kec
bg egr cgegtakfe fj skeofsx &sgd a}}lkhakfex% _bgxg a}}lkhakfex sfwlo taexhgeo ogzkhg dfweoatkgx aeo jwll{ bategxx bg }fsgt fj kegteg% Bfsgzgt, bkx egs }lajfti tgqwktgo a laecwacg, sbkhb hfwlo a`g kx jwll{ aozaeacg0 bkx kx feg fj jahftx ba lgo f bg ogzglf}ige fj ZD% ZD bax gzflzgo jtfi QDAXKH laecwacg% _bg ZD hfi}klgt kx hfexkogtgo f dg bg ifx gjjkhkge hfi}klgt ke bg %eg jaikl{ aeo a ianft }at fj bg %eg daxgo hlaxxgx lkdtatkgx, kxglj atg stkge ke ZD% Xfig fj bg fbgt aozaeacgx fj htgakec DAXKH a}}lkhakfex ke Zkxwal Xwokf %Eg atg>
Zkxwal Xwokf %Eg kx a Ta}ko A}}lkhakfe "TAO+ ffl% Kexgao fj aookec gahb hfetfl f bg Sgd Jfti }tfctaiiakhall{, k bgl}x f aoo bgxg hfetflx d{ wxkec ffldfr, xazkec }tfctaiikec gjjftx%
Zkxwal Xwokf %Eg xw}}ftx hwxfi aeo hfi}fxkg hfetflx% Hae htgag hwxfi hfetflx ba geha}xwlag a hfiife jwehkfealk{ ba ikcb eggo f wxg ke a ewidgt fj a}}lkhakfex%
Zkxwal Xwokf %Eg ofgx a sfeogtjwl nfd fj xki}lkj{kec bg htgakfe aeo hfexwi}kfe fj Sgd Xgtzkhgx% Iwxb fj bg }tfctaiigt)jtkgeol{ xwjj "htgakec all bg RIL)daxgo ofhwigex+ ba}}gex awfiakhall{, skbfw iwhb gjjft fe bg }tfctaiigt‖x xkog% Atkdwg)daxgo }tfctaiikec kx a }fsgtjwl hfehg} ba geadlgx
Zkxwal Xwokf %Eg f awfiag a lf fj }tfctaiigt)wejtkgeol{ ax`x%
%EG_ }tfctaiikec laecwacgx> _bg %EG_ Jtaigsft` }tfzkogx a xg fj fflx
ba bgl} f dwklo hfog ba sft`x skb bg %EG_ Jtaigsft`% Ikhtfxfj }tfzkogx a xg fj laecwacgx ba atg altgao{ %EG_ hfi}akdlg% DAXKH kx feg fj bfxg laecwacgx%
AX]%EG_ gezktfeige> Ahkzg Xgtzgt ]acgx sgtg tglgaxgo d{ Ikhtfxfj f
geadlg bg htgakfe fj o{eaikh }acgx daxgo fe wxgt ke}w aeo kegtahkfe skb a Sgd xkg% AX]%EG_ ki}tfzgx w}fe bg ftkckeal AX] d{ }tfzkokec hfog)dgbkeo % Skb AX]%EG_ aeo
hfog)dgbkeo,
bg
hfog
aeo
B_IL
hae
dg
xg}atago% AX]%EG_ Sgd xgtzkhgx atg RIL)daxgo xgtzkhgx ba atg gr}fxgo fe bg Kegteg ba hae dg ahhgxxgo d{ fbgt Sgd xgtzkhgx aeo Sgd xgtzkhg hlkgex% AX]%EG_
AX]%EG_ kx iftg bae bg egr zgtxkfe fj Ahkzg Xgtzgt ]acgx "AX]+0 k kx a wekjkgo Sgd ogzglf}ige }lajfti ba }tfzkogx bg xgtzkhgx eghgxxat{ jft ogzglf}gtx f dwklo gegt}tkxg)hlaxx Sgd a}}lkhakfex% Sbklg AX]%EG_ kx latcgl{ x{ear hfi}akdlg skb AX], k alxf }tfzkogx a egs }tfctaiikec ifogl aeo kejtaxtwhwtg jft iftg xghwtg, xhaladlg, aeo xadlg a}}lkhakfex% AX]%EG_ kx a hfi}klgo, %EG_)daxgo gezktfeige0 {fw hae awbft a}}lkhakfex ke ae{ %EG_ hfi}akdlg laecwacg, kehlwokec ZkxwalDaxkh%EG_, DAXKH, aeo NXhtk}%EG_%
Aookkfeall{,
bg
gektg
%EG_
Jtaigsft`
kx
azakladlg
f
ae{ AX]%EG_ a}}lkhakfe% Ogzglf}gtx hae gaxkl{ ahhgxx bg dgegjkx fj bgxg ghbeflfckgx, sbkhb kehlwog bg iaeacgo hfiife laecwacg twekig gezktfeige, {}g xajg{, kebgtkaehg, aeo xf fe% AX]%EG_ bax dgge ogxkcego f sft` xgailgxxl{ skb S[XKS[C B_IL gokftx aeo fbgt }tfctaiikec fflx, kehlwokec Ikhtfxfj Zkxwal Xwokf %EG_% Ef fel{
ofgx bkx ia`g Sgd ogzglf}ige gaxkgt, dw k alxf }tfzkogx all bg dgegjkx ba bgxg fflx bazg f fjjgt, kehlwokec a CWK ba ogzglf}gtx hae wxg f otf} xgtzgt hfetflx fef a Sgd }acg aeo jwll{ kegctago ogdwcckec xw}}ft% Ogzglf}gtx hae hbffxg jtfi bg jfllfskec sf jgawtgx sbge htgakec ae AX]%EG_ a}}lkhakfe, Sgd Jftix aeo Sgd xgtzkhgx, ft hfidkeg bgxg ke ae{ sa{ bg{ xgg jk%
Sgd Jftix allfsx {fw f dwklo }fsgtjwl jftix)daxgo Sgd }acgx% Sbge dwklokec bgxg }acgx, {fw hae wxg AX]%EG_ xgtzgt hfetflx f htgag hfiife WK glgigex, aeo }tfctai bgi jft hfiife ax`x% _bgxg hfetflx allfs {fw f
Ta}kol{ dwklo a Sgd Jfti fw fj tgwxadlg dwkl)ke ft hwxfi hfi}fegex, xki}lkj{kec bg hfog fj a }acg%
Ae RIL Sgd xgtzkhg }tfzkogx bg igaex f ahhgxx xgtzgt jwehkfealk{ tgifgl{%
AX]%EG_ ATHBK_GH_WTG %EG_ ATHBK_GH_WTG
Ax
bg
kllwxtakfe
xbfsx,
all
Sgd
Aoikekxtaftx
hfiiwekhag
skb AX]%EG_ a}}lkhakfex btfwcb KKX% KKX oghk}bgtx aeo f}kfeall{ awbgekhagx bg tgqwgx% Kj Aefe{ifwx kx wtego fe, ef awbgekhakfe fhhwtx% KKX alxf jkeox bg tgqwgxgo tgxfwthg "xwhb ax ae AX]%EG_ a}}lkhakfe+, aeo, kj bg hlkge kx awbftk~go tgwtex bg a}}tf}tkag tgxfwthg%
Ke aookkfe f bg dwkl)ke AX]%EG_ xghwtk{ jgawtgx, ae AX]%EG_ a}}lkhakfe hae wxg bg lfs)lgzgl xghwtk{ jgawtgx fj bg %EG_ Jtaigsft`% Jgawtgx Tglkadlg Kegtf}gtadklk{
Gi}lf{ hfog f hall eakzg Skeofsx A]Kx, wxg }tg)dwkl HFI hfi}fegex, aeo lgzgtacg grkxkec AhkzgR hfetflx f xgailgxxl{ kegctag grkxkec a}}lkhakfex aeo hfi}fegex% Ifogte, Hfi}fege)Ftkgego Laecwacg
_a`g aozaeacg fj kebgtge xw}}ft jft }tf}gtkgx, keogrgtx, oglgcagx, xkeclg aeo iwlkokigexkfeal atta{x, aozaehgo kebgtkaehg, atkdwgx, zgtxkfekec, aeo RIL hfiigex% ]fsgtjwl Ogdwcckec aeo _gxkec _fflx
AX] %EG_ kehlwogx a }fsgtjwl tgifg aeo iwlk)laecwacg ogdwccgt, geadlkec ogzglf}gtx f gx a}}lkhakfex aeo dwklo tglkadlg iwlk)kgt xflwkfex ba x}ae }tfhgxx dfweoatkgx aeo atg stkge ke iwlk}lg }tfctaiikec laecwacgx% EG_ Jtaigsft` Hlaxx Lkdtat{
Cake iawtg aeo }fsgtjwl, dwkl)ke jwehkfealk{, kehlwokec a tkhb xg fj hfllghkfe hlaxxgx, egsft`kec xw}}ft, iwlkbtgaokec xw}}ft, xtkec aeo tgcwlat gr}tgxxkfe hlaxxgx, aeo dtfao xw}}ft jft RIL, RIL xhbgiax, RIL eaigx}ahgx, RXL_, R]ab, aeo XFA]% Tfdwx Sgd Ogzglf}ige Gezktfeige
Htgag Sgd)daxgo xflwkfex ke ZD wxkec bg xbatgo Sgd Jftix Ogxkcegt aeo RIL Ogxkcegt% Ogzglf}gtx hae alxf wxg KegllkXgexg jgawtgx aeo ac hfi}lgkfe ft hbffxg bg S[XKS[C gokft jft otac)aeo)otf} awbftkec f dwklo kegtahkzg Sgd a}}lkhakfex%
Kegctakec skb KKX
KKX kx bg sgd xgtzgt kx wxgo bgtg% KKX 7%= ft adfzg kx gxxgekal jft bg AX]%EG_ jft bg gezktfeige% _bkx tglgaxg fj AX]%EG_ fj AX]%EG_ wxgx KKX 7%= ax bg }tg @ki bfx gezktfeige% Sbge hfexkogtkec AX]%EG_ awbgekhakfe, {fw xbfwlo weogtxaeo bg kegtahkfe skb KKX awbgekhakfe xgtzkhgx% KKX alsa{x axxwigx ba a xg fj htgogekalx ia}x f a Skeofsx E_ ahhfwe aeo wxgx bgi f awbgekhag a wxgt% _bgtg atg btgg okjjgtge `keox fj awbgekhakfe azakladlg ke KKX 7%=> DAXKH, OKCGX_, aeo KE_GCTA_GO SKEOFSX Awbgekhakfe "E_LI ft @gtdgtfx+% [fw hae xglgh bg {}g fj awbgekhakfe f wxg ke bg KKX aoikekxtakzg xgtzkhgx% Kj {fw tgqwgx a WTL hfeakekec ae AX]%EG_ a}}lkhakfe, bg tgqwgx aeo awbgekhakfe kejftiakfe atg baeogo fjj f bg a}}lkhakfe%% Sgd Xgtzkhg Sgd xgtzkhg kx atcwadl{ bg ifx grhkkec aeo keefzag jgawtgx fj Ikhtfxfj‖x%
EG_ kekkakzg aeo bg{ atg lk`gl{ f }tfjfweol{ ajjgh bg sa{ dwxkegxx kegtah wxkec hfi}wgt a}}lkhakfe% Lkx fj }fxxkdlg Sgd xgtzkhgx kx ax zatkgx ax bg lkx fj }fxxkdlg dwxkegxx f}}ftwekkgx% Sgd xgtzkhg sfwlo {}khall{ }gtjfti a hftg dwxkegxx xgtzkhg xwhb ax wxgt awbgekhakfe, htgok hato zalkoakfe, }tkhkec a ogtkzagx xghwtk{, }lahkec a }wthbaxg ftogt jft a xfh` ft }tkhkec a xaig)oa{ xbk}ige% A sgd xgtzkhg kx a hfi}fege ba }gtjftix a jwehkfe ft xgtzkhg% A hfi}fege kx a }kghg fj xfjsatg ba bax a sgll)ogjkego kegtjahg, bkooge kegtealx, aeo bg ha}adklk{ fj dgkec okxhfzgtgo% D{ “okxhfzgtgo’ igaex ba {fw hae oggtikeg sba bg hfi}fege ofgx skbfw eggokec f xgg bg hfog skbke k% A hfi}fege kx xkiklat f a igbfo xkehg sg hae hall k skb atcwigex ba jk a xg fj }ataiggtx, aeo k bax bg ha}adklk{ fj tgwtekec tgxwlx% A sgd xgtzkhg ia{ alxf tgwte kejftiakfe f bg hallgt% _bkx xgtzkhg tgxkogx xfigsbgtg fe bg Sgd aeo hae dg ahhgxxgo jtfi fbgt lfhakfex fe bg Sgd% Jft bkx xgtzkhg f dg hallgo, bgtg atg a ewidgt fj glgigex ba iwx dg ke }lahg% Jktx, bg hallgt iwx `efs bfs f hall bg xgtzkhg% Xghfeo, bg hall iwx dg iaog ahtfxx bg Sgd% Jkeall{, bg sgd xgtzkhg iwx `efs bfs f tgx}feo%
Ketfowhkfe f ZD% EG_
Ikhtfxfj Zkxwal DAXKH% Eg kx bg ifx htgakzg ffl, sbkhb bgl}x a }tfctaiigt f htgag a wxgt kegtjahg bae stkkec xgzgtal lkegx fj hfog% _bg }tgoghgxxft fj Zkxwal DAXKH%eg sax DAXKH "Dgckeegtx All ]wt}fxg X{idflkh Kextwhkfe Hfog+% DAXKH sax iakel{ kegt}tggt)daxgo sbgtgax Zkxwal DAXKH% Eg kx ba k kx a ta}ko A}}lkhakfe Ogzglf}ige ffl% _bkx kx bg iake tgaxfe sb{ Zkxwal DAXKH% Eg kx skogl{ wxgo ax a }tff{}kec laecwacg%
ZD% Eg kx fdngh ftkgego, sbgtgax gahb fdngh }fxxgxxgx xfig }tf}gtkgx lk`g xk~g, }fxkkfe, hflft, a}}gataehg gh% _bkx igaex ba sg hae hfi}atigealk~g okjjgtge ax}ghx fj fwt a}}lkhakfe ax fdngh aeo ogzglf} gx bfxg fdngh keog}geogel{ fj bg tgx fj bg a}}lkhakfe% D{ ifokj{kec hgtake }tf}gtkgx aeo kezf`kec bg igbfox fj bgxg fdnghx, sg grgt a ctga ogal fj hfetfl fzgt bg wxgt‖x kegtahkfe skb bg ZD%eg }tfctai sg bazg stkge% Gahb fdngh bax kx fse gzge baeolkec }tfhgowtgx% Zkxwal DAXKH%eg kx a igidgt fj Zkxwal Xwokf%
Feg fj bg igtkx fj ZD%Eg kx ba k kexwlagx bg wxgt jtfi bazkec f ogal skb lfs) lgzgl igxxacg baeolkec% _bkx allfsx ax f qwkh`l{ htgakec }fsgtjwl a}}lkhakfex skbfw bazkec ogalkec skb weeghgxxat{ oaa% Ikhtfxfj bax ogzglf}go ZD% EG_ ax a hfi}lgg Skeofsx a}}lkhakfex ogzglf}ige x{xgi%
Dah` geo
Adfw IX XQL Xgtzgt 4==7
XQL Xgtzgt 4==7 grhggox og}geoadklk{ tgqwktgigex aeo }tfzkogx keefzakzg ha}adklkkgx ba kehtgaxg gi}lf{gg gjjghkzgegxx, kegctag bggtfcgegfwx K_ ghfx{xgix, aeo iarkik~g ha}kal aeo f}gtakec dwocgx% XQL Xgtzgt 4==7 }tfzkogx bg gegt}tkxg oaa iaeacgige }lajfti {fwt ftcaek~akfe eggox f aoa} qwkh`l{ ke a jax) hbaeckec gezktfeige% Skb bg lfsgx ki}lgigeakfe aeo iakegeaehg hfxx ke bg keowxt{, XQL Xgtzgt 4=== oglkzgtx ta}ko tgwte fe {fwt oaa iaeacgige kezgxige% XQL Xgtzgt 4==7 xw}}ftx bg ta}ko ogzglf}ige fj gegt}tkxg)hlaxx dwxkegxx a}}lkhakfex ba hae ckzg {fwt hfi}ae{ a htkkhal hfi}gkkzg aozaeacg% Dgehbiat`go jft xhaladklk{, x}ggo, aeo }gtjftiaehg, XQL Xgtzgt 4=== kx a jwll{ gegt}tkxg)hlaxx oaadaxg }tfowh, }tfzkokec hftg xw}}ft jft Grgexkdlg Iat`w} Laecwacg "RIL+ aeo Kegteg qwgtkgx%
Gax{)f)Wxg Dwxkegxx Kegllkcgehg
"DK+ _fflx _btfwcb tkhb oaa aeal{xkx aeo oaa ikekec ha}adklkkgx ba kegctag skb jaiklkat a}}lkhakfex xwhb ax Ikhtfxfj Fjjkhg, XQL Xgtzgt 4==7 geadlgx {fw f }tfzkog all fj {fwt gi}lf{ggx skb htkkhal, kigl{ dwxkegxx kejftiakfe aklftgo f bgkt x}ghkjkh kejftiakfe eggox% Gzgt{ hf}{ fj XQL Xgtzgt 4==7 xbk}x skb a xwkg fj DK xgtzkhgx%
Xglj)_wekec aeo Iaeacgige Ha}adklkkgx
Tgzflwkfeat{ xglj)wekec aeo o{eaikh xglj)hfejkcwtkec jgawtgx f}kik~g oaadaxg }gtjftiaehg, sbklg iaeacgige fflx awfiag xaeoato ahkzkkgx% Cta}bkhal fflx aeo sk~atox xki}lkj{ xgw}, oaadaxg ogxkce, aeo }gtjftiaehg ifekftkec, allfskec oaadaxg aoikekxtaftx f jfhwx fe iggkec xtagckh dwxkegxx eggox%
Oaa Iaeacgige A}}lkhakfex aeo Xgtzkhgx
Welk`g kx hfi}gkftx, XQL Xgtzgt 4==7 }tfzkogx a }fsgtjwl aeo hfi}tgbgexkzg oaa iaeacgige }lajfti% Gzgt{ xfjsatg lkhgexg kehlwogx grgexkzg iaeacgige aeo ogzglf}ige fflx, a }fsgtjwl grtahkfe, taexjftiakfe, aeo lfaokec
"G_L+ ffl, dwxkegxx kegllkcgehg aeo aeal{xkx xgtzkhgx, aeo egs ha}adklkkgx xwhb ax Efkjkhakfe Xgtzkhgx% _bg tgxwl kx bg dgx fzgtall dwxkegxx zalwg azakladlg%
XQL Xgtzgt 4==7 Gegt}tkxg Gokkfe ":? dk+
Gegt}tkxg Gokkfe ":?)dk+ }tfzkogx bg ifx xhaladlg oaa }lajfti f a`g aozaeacg fj bg hlaxx fj Kegl Kaekwi)daxgo xgtzgtx% Aootgxxkec iftg igift{ bae ae{ fbgt gokkfe fj XQL Xgtzgt, k xhalgx f bg }gtjftiaehg lgzglx tgqwktgo f xw}}ft bg latcgx Oaa satgbfwxkec aeo aeal{xkx a}}lkhakfex, ghfiigthg sgdxkgx aeo Gegt}tkxg dwxkegxx x{xgix% Xw}}ftkec w} f 2 efogx ke jaklfzgt hlwxgtkec, XQL Xgtzgt 4==7 ":?)dk+ }tfzkogx a bkcb lgzgl fj tglkadklk{ aeo azakladklk{ jft {fwt ikxxkfe)htkkhal a}}lkhakfex%
XQL Xgtzgt 4==7 Gegt}tkxg Gokkfe
Gegt}tkxg Gokkfe kehlwogx bg hfi}lgg xg fj XQL Xgtzgt oaa iaeacgige aeo aeal{xkx jgawtgx aeo kx wekqwgl{ hbatahgtk~go d{ xgzgtal jgawtgx ba ia`g k bg ifx xhaladlg aeo azakladlg gokkfe fj XQL Xgtzgt 4==7% K xhalgx f bg }gtjftiaehg lgzglx tgqwktgo f xw}}ft bg latcgx Sgd xkgx, Gegt}tkxg Felkeg _taexahkfe ]tfhgxxkec "FL_]+ x{xgix aeo Oaa Satgbfwxkec x{xgix% Kx xw}}ft jft jaklfzgt hlwxgtkec alxf ia`gx k kogal jft ae{ ikxxkfe htkkhal lkeg)fj)dwxkegxx a}}lkhakfe% Aookkfeall{, bkx gokkfe kehlwogx xgzgtal aozaehgo aeal{xkx jgawtgx ba atg ef kehlwogo ke XQL Xgtzgt 4==7 Xaeoato Gokkfe% _bgtg atg jfwt iake atgax ke sbkhb bg aookkfeal jgawtgx fj XQL Xgtzgt 4==7 Gegt}tkxg Gokkfe atg ifx gzkoge> Xhaladklk{ Azakladklk{&w}kig ]gtjftiaehg Aozaehgo aeal{xkx%
XQL Xgtzgt 4==7 Xaeoato Gokkfe
Xaeoato gokkfe kx ae ajjftoadlg f}kfe jft xiall aeo igokwi)xk~go ftcaek~akfex% K kehlwogx bg hftg jwehkfealk{ eggogo jft efe)ikxxkfe)htkkhal g) hfiigthg, oaa satgbfwxkec, aeo lkeg)fj)dwxkegxx xflwkfex% Jft kexaehg, all fj bg RIL jgawtgx }tgxge ke Gegt}tkxg Gokkfe atg alxf kehlwogo ke Xaeoato Gokkfe% Aeo sbklg a baeojwl fj aozaehgo FLA] jgawtgx atg tgxgtzgo jft Gegt}tkxg Gokkfe, all oaa ikekec jgawtgx aeo bg hftg FLA] jwehkfealk{ atg kehlwogo ke XQL Xgtzgt 4==7 Aeal{xkx Xgtzkhgx ke Xaeoato Xaeoato Gokkfe% Gokkfe%
Xkiklatl{, hfi}fegex ba fbgt oaadaxg zgeoftx hbatcg hbatcg
jft ax xg}atag aoo)fe }tfowhx jft bgkt bkcbgx)geo gokkfex atg kehlwogo ke Xaeoato Gokkfe> Oaa _taexjftiakfe _taexjftiakfe Xgtzkhgx Xgtzkhgx "O_X+ Tg}lkhakfe "xea}xbf, "xea}xbf, taexahkfeal, aeo igtcg+ Jwll)_gr Xgathb Geclkxb Qwgt{ Xftgo }tfhgowtg ogzglf}ige aeo ogdwcckec fflx XQL ]tfjklkec aeo }gtjftiaehg aeal{xkx fflx%
XQL Xgtzgt 4==7 Tg}lkhakfe Fzgtzkgs
XQL Xgtzgt fjjgtx btgg {}gx fj tg}lkhakfe>
1% Xea}xbf%
K hf}kgx ae gektg zkgs fj oaa f aefbgt hfi}wgt% _bg ogxkeakfe oaadaxg zkgs kx fzgtstkge skb bg egs zgtxkfe% Xea}xbf tg}lkhakfe okxtkdwgx oaa grahl{ ax k a}}gatx a a x}ghkjkh ifige ke kig aeo ofgx ef ifekft jft w}oagx f bg oaa% Xea}xbf tg}lkhakfe kx dgx wxgo ax a igbfo jft tg}lkhakec oaa ba hbaecgx kejtgqwgel{ ft sbgtg bg ifx w})f)oag zalwgx, lfs lageh{, kx ef a tgqwktgige% Sbge x{ehbtfek~akfe fhhwtx, bg gektg xea}xbf kx cgegtago aeo xge f Xwdxhtkdgtx%
4% _taexahkfeal%
_taexahkfex, KEXGT_, W]OA_G, ft OGLG_G xagigex, grghwgo fe feg hfi}wgt atg tg}lkhago f aefbgt hfi}wgt% Skb taexahkfeal tg}lkhakfe, ae kekkal xea}xbf fj oaa kx a}}lkgo a xwdxhtkdgtx, aeo bge sbge oaa ifokjkhakfex atg iaog a bg ]wdlkxbgt, bg keokzkowal taexahkfex atg ha}wtgo aeo }tf}acago f Xwdxhtkdgtx% _taexahkfeal tg}lkhakfe kx bgl}jwl sbge> sbge> Kehtgigeal hbaecgx hbaecgx eggo f dg }tf}acago f xwdxhtkdgtx xwdxhtkdgtx ax bg{ fhhwt%
_taexahkfex eggo f aobgtg f bg Afikh, Hfexkxgeh{, Kxflakfe, Kxflakfe, aeo
Owtadklk{ "AHKO+ "AHKO+ }tf}gtkgx% Xwdxhtkdgtx atg tglkadl{ aeo&ft jtgqwgel{ hfeeghgo f bg ]wdlkxbgt%
8% Igtcg%
W}oagx fe ae{ hfi}wgt skll dg tg}lkhago f aefbgt hfi}wgt a a lagt kig% Igtcg tg}lkhakfe kx bg }tfhgxx fj okxtkdwkec oaa jtfi ]wdlkxbgt f Xwdxhtkdgtx, allfskec dfb bg ]wdlkxbgt aeo Xwdxhtkdgtx f ia`g w}oagx sbklg hfeeghgo ft okxhfeeghgo, aeo bge igtckec bg w}oagx dgsgge xkgx sbge hfeeghgo% hfeeghgo% Igtcg tg}lkhakfe allfsx allfsx zatkfwx xkgx f sft` awfefifwxl{% A a lagt kig, igtcg w}oagx }tfowhg xkeclg, wekjfti tgxwl% _bg
kekkal xea}xbf kx a}}lkgo f Xwdxhtkdgtx, aeo bge {fw bazg tah`go hbaecgx f }wdlkxbgo oaa a bg ]wdlkxbgt aeo a bg Xwdxhtkdgtx% _bg oaa kx x{ehbtfek~go dgsgge xgtzgtx hfekewfwxl{, a a xhbgowlgo kig, ft fe ogiaeo% Dghawxg w}oagx atg iaog a iftg bae feg xgtzgt, bg xaig oaa ia{ bazg dgge w}oago d{ bg ]wdlkxbgt, ft d{ iftg bae feg Xwdxhtkdgt% _bwx, hfejlkhx hae fhhwt sbge w}oagx w}oagx atg igtcgo% igtcgo% Igtcg tg}lkhakfe tg}lkhakfe kehlwogx ogjawl ogjawl aeo hwxfi hwxfi hbfkhgx jft hfejlkh tgxflwkfe ba bg wxgt hae ogjkeg sbklg hfejkcwtkec a igtcg }wdlkhakfe% Sbge a hfejlkh fhhwtx, a tgxflzgt kx kezf`go d{ bg Igtcg Acge aeo oggtikegx sbkhb oaa skll dg ahhg}go aeo }tf}acago f fbgt xkgx% Igtcg tg}lkhakfe kx bgl}jwl sbge> Iwlk}lg Xwdxhtkdgtx eggo f w}oag oaa a zatkfwx kigx aeo }tf}acag bfxg hbaecgx f bg bg ]wdlkxbgt aeo f fbgt fbgt Xwdxhtkdgtx% Xwdxhtkdgtx eggo f tghgkzg tghgkzg oaa, ia`g hbaecgx fjjlkeg, aeo lagt x{ehbtfek~g hbaecgx skb bg ]wdlkxbgt aeo fbgt Xwdxhtkdgtx% Ef iae{ hfejlkhx atg gr}ghgo sbge sbge oaa kx w}oago a iwlk}lg xkgx% xkgx% _bkx kx dghawxg bg oaa kx jklgtgo kef }atkkfex aeo bge b ge }wdlkxbgo f okjjgtge Xwdxhtkdgtx, ft owg f bg wxgx fj bg b g a}}lkhakfe% Bfsgzgt, kj hfejlkhx of fhhwt, zkflakfex fj AHKO }tf}gtkgx atg ahhg}adlg%
TGQWKTGIGE_ AEAL[XKX
TGQWKTGIGE_ AEAL[XKX
Tgqwktgige aeal{xkx ax` kx a }tfhgxx fj okxhfzgt{, tgjkegige, ifoglkec aeo x}ghkjkhakfe% Dfb bg ogzglf}gtx aeo hwxfigtx a`g ae ahkzg tflg ke tgqwktgige aeal{xkx% Tgqwktgige aeal{xkx kx a hfiiwekhakfe kegexkzg ahkzk{% Tgqwktgige aeal{xkx hae dg okzkogo kef>
]tfdlgi Tghfcekkfe
]tfdlgi Gzalwakfe * X{ebgxkx
]tfdlgi Tghfcekkfe
_bg cfal fj bkx xg} kx tghfcekkfe fj daxkh }tfdlgi glgigex ax keokhago d{ bg hwxfigt% _bg daxkh }wt}fxg fj bkx ahkzk{ kx f fdake a bftfwcb weogtxaeokec fj bg eggox fj bg hlkge aeo bg wxgt, sba grahl{ kx ogxktgo jtfi bg xfjsatg aeo sba atg bg hfextakex fe bg xflwkfe% ]tfdlgix fj bg grkxkec x{xgi>
Xghwtk{ hae‖ axxwtgo
Ogla{ ke xftkec aeo tgtkgzkec kejftiakfe
]fxxkdklk{ fj bwiae gttftx
]tfdlgi Gzalwakfe * X{ebgxkx
Ke bkx xg} aeal{x iwx ogjkeg all grgteall{ fdxgtzadlg fdnghx, gzalwag jlfs aeo hfetfl fj bg kejftiakfe, ogjkeg aeo gladftag all xfjsatg jwehkfex, weogtxaeo% Xfjsatg dgbazkft aeo ogxkce hfextakex gh% Gzalwakfe aeo x{ebgxkx hfekewgx wekl dfb aeal{x aeo hwxfigt jkglo hfejkoge adfw bg }tfowh% Fehg bg }tfdlgix atg kogekjkgo, gzalwakfe }tfhgxx dgckex% Ajgt gzalwakfe fj bg hwttge }tfdlgi aeo ogxktgo ke jftiakfex, bg aeal{x x{ebgxkx feg ft iftg xflwkfex%
Xghwtk{ hae dg axxwtgo
Hfx gjjghkzg
Ef hbaehg fj gttftx
IFOGLKEC
Owtkec bg gzalwakfe aeo xflwkfe x{ebgxkx ahkzk{, bg aeal{x htgagx ifoglx fj bg x{xgi ke ae gjjft f dggt weogtxaeo oaa aeo hfetfl jlfs% _bg ifogl xgtzgx ax jfweoakfe jft xfjsatg ogxkce aeo ax bg daxkx jft bg htgakfe fj x}ghkjkhakfe jft bg xfjsatg% Jft bg dggt weogtxaeokec fj oaa aeo hfetfl jlfs sg wxg Oaa Jlfs Okactai%
Oaa Jlfs Okactaix
Oaa Jlfs Okactai kx wxgo f ogjkeg bg jlfs fj bg x{xgi aeo kx tgxfwthgx xwhb ax kejftiakfe‖x% OJOx atg a sa{ fj gr}tgxxkec x{xgix tgqwktgigex ke cta}bkhal
iaeegt% OJO tg}tgxgex feg fj bg ifx kecgekfwx fflx wxgo jft xtwhwtgo aeal{xkx% K bax bg }wt}fxg fj hlatkj{kec x{xgi tgqwktgigex aeo kogekj{kec ianft taexjftiakfex ba skll dghfig }tfctaix ke bg x{xgi ogxkce% K kx bg ianft xatkec }fke ke bg ogxkce }baxg ba jwehkfealkkgx oghfi}fxg bg tgqwktgige x}ghkjkhakfe f bg lfsgx lgzgl fj ogakl%
OJO fj “Htkig Tg}ftkec X{xgi’ kx ax xbfse ke A}}geokr A%
X[X_GI OGXKCE
X[X_GI OGXKCE
_bg ifx htgakzg aeo hballgeckec }baxg fj bg x{xgi lkjg h{hlg kx x{xgi ogxkce% _bg gti ogxkce ogxhtkdgx a jkeal x{xgi aeo bg }tfhgxx d{ sbkhb k kx ogzglf}go% K tgjgtx f bg ghbekhal x}ghkjkhakfex ba skll dg a}}lkgo ke ki}lgigekec bg }tf}fxgo x{xgi% K alxf kehlwogx bg hfextwhkfe fj }tfctai aeo ogxkcekec fj fw}w, ke}w, igew, hfog, oaadaxg aeo }tfhgxx fj bg x{xgi%
X{xgi fw}w ia{ dg tg}ft, ofhwige ft a igxxacg% Ke fe)lkeg a}}lkhakfex, kejftiakfe kx okx}la{go fe bg xhtgge% _bg la{fw xbgg jft okx}la{go fw}w kx xkiklat f bg la{fw hbat wxgo jft ogxkcekec fw}w%
Fe)lkeg oaa get{ ia`gx wxg fj }tfhgxxft ba ahhg}x hfiiaeox aeo oaa jtfi bg f}gtaft btfwcb a `g{dfato ft a ogzkhg xwhb ax fwhb xhtgge ft zfkhg ke}w%
Ogxkcekec bg hfog og}geox fe bg }tfctaiikec laecwacg hbfxge aeo ifxl{ bg{ atg ef x}ghkjkgo sbklg fwlkekec bg ogxkce fj bg x{xgi% _bg cfal fj hfokec kx f taexlag bg ogxkce fj bg x{xgi ke f hfog ke a }tfctaiikec laecwacg% _bg aki fj bg hfog ogxkce kx f ki}lgige bg x{xgi ke dgx }fxxkdlg iaeegt%
Oaadaxg ogxkce kx wxgo f ogjkeg aeo x}ghkj{ bg xtwhwtg fj fdnghx wxgo ke bg x{xgi% A skog atta{ fj ogxkce kejftiakfe iwx dg ogzglf}go owtkec bg oaadaxg ogxkce% A oaadaxg kx bg hfllghkfe fj kegttglago oaa xftgo skb ikekiwi tgoweoaeh{ f xgtzg iae{ wxgtx qwkh`l{ aeo gjjkhkgel{% _bg cgegtal fdnghkzg fj oaa daxg ogxkce kx f ia`g kejftiakfe ahhgxx gax{, qwkh`, kegr}gexkzg, aeo jlgrkdlg jft bg wxgt%
Oaadaxgx fj “Htkig Tg}ftkec X{xgi’ kx ax xbfse ke A}}geokr D%
ATHBK_GH_WTAL OGXKCE
a+ ]tfctai Xtwhwtg
_bg }tfowh geklgo “Htkig Tg}ftkec X{xgi’ jfllfsx dffi w} }tfctai xtwhwtg% Ogxhtk}kfe adfw dffi w} a}}tfahb>)
Ke a dffi)w} a}}tfahb bg keokzkowal daxg glgigex fj bg x{xgi atg jktx x}ghkjkgo ke ctga ogakl% _bgxg glgigex atg bge lke`go fcgbgt f jfti latcgt xwdx{xgix, sbkhb bge ke wte atg lke`go, xfigkigx ke iae{ lgzglx, wekl a hfi}lgg f})lgzgl x{xgi kx jftigo% _bkx xtagc{ fjge tgxgidlgx a $xggo$ ifogl, sbgtgd{ bg dgckeekecx atg xiall, dw gzgewall{ ctfs ke hfi}lgrk{ aeo hfi}lggegxx% Bfsgzgt, $ftcaekh xtagckgx$, ia{ tgxwl ke a aeclg fj glgigex aeo xwdx{xgix, ogzglf}go ke kxflakfe, aeo xwdngh f lfhal f}kik~akfe ax f}}fxgo f iggkec a clfdal }wt}fxg%
]TFHGOWTAL OGXKCE
]tfhgowtal ogxkce fhhwtx ajgt oaa, athbkghwtal, aeo kegtjahg ogxkcex iwx dg taexlago ke f f}gtakfeal xfjsatg% _bg }tfhgowtal ogxkce jft gahb hfi}fege, tg}tgxgego ke cta}bkhal, adwlat ft gr daxgo efakfe, kx bg }tkiat{ sft` }tfowh }tfowhgo owtkec hfi}fege lgzgl ogxkce%
Dgcke Kj ""Wxgt eaig kx zalko++ aeo hfttgx}feokec }axxsfto kx hfttgh+ bge _bg wxgt kx ae awbftk~go }gtxfe * hae ahhgxx bg x{xgi Glxg Okx}la{ kezalko wxgt Geo Kj Geo
KE_GTJAHG OGXKCE
Grgteal iahbkeg kegtjahg>) Sg eggo a bkcb qwalk{ ifogi f hfeegh f bg
kegteg% EKH k%g% egsft` kegtjahg hato kx alxf tgqwktgo f ahhgxx bg kegteg%_H]&K] aeo b} atg bg }tffhflx wxgo% Kj sg sae xfig bato hf}{ fj ae{ tghgk}x, sg eggo a }tkegt jft ba%
Grgteal x{xgi kegtjahg>) Xkehg Htkig Tg}ftkec X{xgi tgqwktgx a oaadaxg aeo
kx sft`kec ax felkeg, bg hlkge iahbkegx tgqwktgx }tf}gt hfeeghkfe skb bg xgtzgt iahbkeg%
Bwiae kegtjahg>) Ke }tfngh sft` geklgo “Htkig Tg}ftkec X{xgi’ bg wxgt skll
kegtahx skb }tfowh btfwcb Cta}bkhal Wxgt Kegtjahg "CWK+ sbkhb skll dg ogzglf}go ke jtfe }acgx% Xkehg CWKx atg bg kegtjahg, sft`kecx skb CWKx atg zgt{ xki}lg aeo ef a all hfi}lkhago% Xf ae{ wxgt sbf bao ef `efslgocg adfw xfjsatgx aeo hfi}wgtx hae wxg bkx “Htkig Tg}ftkec X{xgi’ zgt{ xki}l{% _bg ke}w aeo fw}w jftix fj “Htkig Tg}ftkec X{xgi’ atg }tfzkogo ke A}}geokr
H%
HFOKEC
HFOKEC Hfokec ke “Htkig Tg}ftkec X{xgi’ sax ofeg skb AX] ax jtfe geo aeo XQL Xgtzgt ax dah` geo% A }tfjgxxkfeal hfokec xaeoato aeo x{lg kx jfllfsgo f gexwtg bg kegteakfealk~akfe fj bg xfjsatg hfog% Okjjgtge eaikec hfezgekfex atg wxgo jft bg gax{ gzalwakfe fj hfog jft jwwtg fig% _bkx ia`gx bg hfog jft tgwxg aeo gax{ ogdwcckec jft a bkto }gtxfe% K alxf gebaehg f bg kegteakfeal x{lg fj hfokec%
X[X_GI _GX_KEC
X[X_GI _GX_KEC X{xgi gxkec kx a htkkhal ax}gh fj Xfjsatg Qwalk{ Axxwtaehg aeo tg}tgxgex bg wlkiag tgzkgs fj x}ghkjkhakfe, ogxkce aeo hfokec% _gxkec kx a }tfhgxx fj grghwkec a }tfctai skb bg kege fj jkeokec ae gttft% A cffo gx kx feg ba bax a }tfdadklk{ fj jkeokec ae ax {g weokxhfzgtgo gttft% _bg }wt}fxg fj gxkec kx f kogekj{ aeo hfttgh dwcx ke bg ogzglf}go x{xgi% Efbkec kx hfi}lgg skbfw gxkec% _gxkec kx bg zkal f bg xwhhgxx fj bg x{xgi%
Ke bg hfog gxkec bg lfckh fj bg ogzglf}go x{xgi kx gxgo% Jft bkx gzgt{ ifowlg fj bg }tfctai kx grghwgo f jkeo ae gttft% _f }gtjfti x}ghkjkhakfe gx, bg graikeakfe fj bg x}ghkjkhakfex xakec sba bg }tfctai xbfwlo of aeo bfs k xbfwlo }gtjfti weogt zatkfwx hfeokkfex%
Wek gxkec jfhwxgx jktx fe bg ifowlgx ke bg }tf}fxgo x{xgi f lfhag gttftx% _bkx geadlgx f oggh gttftx ke bg hfokec aeo lfckh ba atg hfeakego skbke ba ifowlg alfeg% _bfxg tgxwlkec jtfi bg kegtahkfe dgsgge ifowlgx atg kekkall{ azfkogo% Ke wek gxkec xg} gahb ifowlg bax f dg hbgh`go xg}atagl{%
X{xgi gxkec ofgx ef gx bg xfjsatg ax a sbflg, dw tabgt bae kegctakfe fj gahb ifowlg ke bg x{xgi% _bg }tkiat{ hfehgte kx bg hfi}akdklk{ fj keokzkowal ifowlgx% Feg bax f jkeo atgax sbgtg ifowlgx bazg dgge ogxkcego skb okjjgtge x}ghkjkhakfex fj oaa lgecbx, {}g aeo oaa glgige eaig%
_gxkec aeo zalkoakfe atg bg ifx ki}ftae xg}x ajgt bg ki}lgigeakfe fj bg ogzglf}go x{xgi% _bg x{xgi gxkec kx }gtjftigo f gexwtg ba bgtg atg ef gttftx ke bg ki}lgigego x{xgi% _bg xfjsatg iwx dg grghwgo xgzgtal kigx ke ftogt f jkeo fw bg gttftx ke bg okjjgtge ifowlgx fj bg x{xgi%
Zalkoakfe tgjgtx f bg }tfhgxx fj wxkec bg egs xfjsatg jft bg ogzglf}go x{xgi ke a lkzg gezktfeige k%g%, egs xfjsatg kexkog bg ftcaek~akfe, ke ftogt f jkeo fw bg
gttftx% _bg zalkoakfe }baxg tgzgalx bg jaklwtgx aeo bg dwcx ke bg ogzglf}go x{xgi% K skll dg hfig f `efs adfw bg }tahkhal okjjkhwlkgx bg x{xgi jahgx sbge f}gtago ke bg twg gezktfeige% D{ gxkec bg hfog fj bg ki}lgigego xfjsatg, bg lfckh fj bg }tfctai hae dg graikego% A x}ghkjkhakfe gx kx hfeowhgo f hbgh` sbgbgt bg x}ghkjkhakfex xakec bg }tfctai atg }gtjftikec weogt zatkfwx hfeokkfex% A}at jtfi bgxg gxx, bgtg atg xfig x}ghkal gxx hfeowhgo sbkhb atg ckzge dglfs>
1% ]ga` Lfao _gxx> _bkx oggtikegx sbgbgt bg egs x{xgi skll baeolg bg zflwig fj ahkzkkgx sbge bg x{xgi kx a bg }ga` fj kx }tfhgxxkec ogiaeo% _bg gx bax tgzgalgo ba bg egs xfjsatg jft bg acgeh{ kx ha}adlg fj baeolkec bg ogiaeox a bg }ga` kig%
4% Xftacg _gxkec> _bkx oggtikegx bg ha}ahk{ fj bg egs x{xgi f xftg taexahkfe oaa fe a okx` ft fe fbgt jklgx% _bg }tf}fxgo xfjsatg bax bg tgqwktgo xftacg x}ahg azakladlg, dghawxg fj bg wxg fj a ewidgt fj bato okx`x%
8% ]gtjftiaehg _kig _gxkec> _bkx gx oggtikegx bg lgecb fj bg kig wxgo d{
bg x{xgi f }tfhgxx taexahkfe oaa% _bg gxkec xg}x }gtjftigo ke “Htkig Tg}ftkec X{xgi’ atg ckzge dglfs>
Wek gxkec
Kegctakfe gxkec
Zalkoakfe gxkec
Wek gxkec
Ke wek gxkec okjjgtge ifowlgx atg gxgo acakex bg x}ghkjkhakfex }tfowhgo owtkec bg ogxkce fj bg ifowlgx% Wek gxkec kx gxxgekal jft bg zgtkjkhakfe fj bg hfog }tfowhgo owtkec bg hfokec }baxg, aeo bgehg bg cfal kx f gx bg kegteal lfckh fj bg ifowlgx%
_bg gxkec kx hattkgo fw owtkec bg }tfctaiikec kxglj% Ajgt ogxkcekec aeo hfokec gahb jfti bg{ atg twe f xgg sbgbgt bgtg atg ae{ aefialkgx% Xfig fj bg zatkfwx gx haxgx wxgo f gx bg x{xgi atg ax jfllfsx>
_gx haxgx atg ckzge jft gxkec acakex tgqwktgigex fj bg wek dgkec gxgo%
_gx haxg jft }ab ft dtaehb hfzgtkec%
_gx haxg jft oaa jlfs hfzgtacg%
_gxkec skb hlaxxgx fj dao oaa
Ke wek gxkec bg }tfctai wek ba ia`g w} bg x{xgi atg gxgo keokzkowall{% Wek gxkec jfhwxgx jktx fe bg ifowlgx, keog}geoge fj feg aefbgt f lfhag gttftx% Bgtg ke “Htkig Tg}ftkec X{xgi’ wek gxkec hfeakex gxkec lk`g wxgt tgckxtakfe gx,
lfcke gx, wxgt w}oakec gx, acge tgckxtakfe gx, }flkh{ tgckxtakfe gx, hwxfigt tgqwgx gx, }tgikwi halhwlakfe gx gh% _bkx geadlgx f oggh ke hfokec aeo bg lfckh skb ke bg ifowlg alfeg% _bkx gxkec kx alxf wxgo f gexwtg bg kegctk{ fj oaa xftgo gi}ftatkl{%
Kegctakfe gxkec
Kegctakfe gxkec kx x{xgiakh ghbekqwg jft hfextwhkec bg }tfctai xtwhwtg, sbklg a bg xaig kig hfeowhkec gx f wehfzgt gttftx axxfhkago skb kegtjahkec% _ba kx bg }tfctai kx hfextwhgo aeo gxgo ke xiall xgcigex, sbkhb ia`gx k gaxkgt f kxflag aeo hfttgh% Kezalko ifowlgx atg kezatkadl{ tglago f feg aefbgt aeo kegtah ke a fal x{xgi% Gahb }ftkfe fj bg x{xgi kx gxgo acakex bg gektg ifowlg skb dfb gxkec aeo lkzg oaa dgjftg bg gektg x{xgi kx tgao{ f dg ki}lgigego% Sbge bg keokzkowal ifowlgx sgtg jfweo sft`x xakxjahft{, bg x{xgi kegctakfe gx sax hattkgo fw% Oaa sax hfllghgo ke xwhb a sa{ ba all }tfctai }abx hfwlo dg hfzgtgo% Wxkec bgxg oaa a hfi}lgg gx sax iaog% All fw}wx sgtg cgegtago% Okjjgtge wxgtx sgtg allfsgo f sft` fe bg x{xgi f hbgh` kx }gtjftiaehg% Xf bgtg ke “Htkig Tg}ftkec X{xgi’ kegctakfe gxkec hfeakex aoikekxtakzg
ifowlg, hwxfigt ifowlg aeo lfcke skb aoikekxtakzg aeo hwxfigt ifowlg%
Zalkoakfe gxkec
A bg hwlikeakfe fj bg kegctakfe gxkec, bg xfjsatg sax hfi}lggl{ axxgidlgo ax }ah`acg, kegtjahkec gttftx bazg dgge wehfzgtgo aeo a jkeal xgtkgx fj xfjsatg zalkoakfe gxkec dgcae% Bgtg sg gx bg x{xgi jwehkfex ke iaeegt ba hae dg tgaxfeadl{ gr}ghgo d{ hwxfigt, bg x{xgi sax gxgo acakex x{xgi tgqwktgige x}ghkjkhakfe% Okjjgtge wewxwal ke}wx ba bg wxgtx ia{ wxg sgtg axxwigo aeo bg fw}wx sgtg zgtkjkgo jft xwhb we}tghgogego ke}wx% Ogzkakfe ft gttftx okxhfzgtgo a bkx xg} atg hfttghgo }tkft f bg hfi}lgkfe fj bkx }tfngh skb bg bgl} fj wxgt d{ egcfkakec f gxadlkxb a igbfo jft tgxflzkec ogjkhkgehkgx% _bwx bg }tf}fxgo x{xgi weogt hfexkogtakfe bax dgge gxgo d{ wxkec zalkoakfe gxkec aeo jfweo f dg sft`kec xakxjahftkl{%
_GX_ TGXWL_X
_bg }tkiat{ cfal fj xfjsatg ki}lgigeakfe kx bg }tfowhkfe fj xfwthg hfog ba kx gax{ f tgao aeo weogtxaeo% Hlatkjkhakfe fj xfwthg hfog bgl}x ke gaxkgt ogdwcckec, gxkec aeo ifokjkhakfe% ifokjkhakfe% Xfwthg hfog hlatkjkhakfe kx gebaehgo d{ xtwhwtal hfokec ghbekqwgx, d{ cffo hfokec x{lg, d{ a}}tf}tkag xw}}ftkec ofhwigex, d{ cffo kegteal hfiigex aeo d{ bg jgawtgx }tfzkogo ke bg ifogte }tfctaiikec laecwacg% Ke fwt ki}lgigeakfe }baxg, xfwthg hfog hfeakex dfb clfdal aeo jftial zatkadlgx% K hfeakex }tgogjkego jwehkfex ax sgll ax bg wxgt ogjkego jwehkfex% _bg tgxwl fj bg egs x{xgi kx hfi}atgo skb bg flo x{xgi aeo xw}}fxgx bg tgxwl kx stfec bg gttft iwx dg ogdwccgo% Ajgt bg ahhg}aehg fj bg x{xgi d{ bg wxgt, bg grkxkec x{xgi iwx dg tg}lahgo d{ bkx egs x{xgi% Ae{ wxgt hae sft` ke bkx }ah`acg zgt{ gaxkl{% K ofgx ef tgqwktg ae{ kegexkzg takekec jft bg wxgt% ]tfhgowtgx aeo jwehkfex ke bg x{xgi atg zgt{ xki}lg ba ae{ feg hae weogtxaeo aeo hfttgx}feokecl{ ah f bg x{xgi skb ef okjjkhwl{%
_gx Haxgx Wxgt Awbgekhakfe> Jwehkfex _gxgo _gxgo
Gr}ghgo Tgxwl Tgxwl
Wxgt xbfwlo gegt dfb Wxgt Eaig aeo }axxsfto Lfcfw sbge wxgt saex f okxhfekewg lfcke xghkfe
_gx Tgxwl Sbge bg wxgt gegtx fel{ feg ft efeg lfcke Ax xhtgge skll okx}la{go skb gttft igxxacg gr}ghgo
Okx}la{kec bg wxgt lfcfw xwhhgxxjwll{
Ax gr}ghgo
Kegcgt Jkglo Hbgh`> Hbgh`kec sbgbgt a }atkhwlat gr jkglo, sbkhb kx xw}}fxgo f tghgkzg fel{ kegcgtx, kx tghgkzkec ae{ fbgt hbatahgtx% Ke}wt Zalwg
Gr}ghtgo Tgxwlt
Tgxwlt
148
Okx}la{
]axx
Oqsg
Ofgxe‖ Okx}la{
]axx
/(.5%+
Ofgxe‖ Okx}la{
]axx
Jkglo Hbgh`kec> Jwehkfe _gxgo
Gr}ghgo Tgxwl Tgxwl
Eaig
_bg eaig fj bg wxgt kx gegtgo bgtg% K hae _gx hfeake fel{ hbatahgtx aeo dlae` x}ahg Xwhhgxxjwl
Ifdklg)]bfeg, ^k} hfog, Oag fj Dktb
_bkx xbfwlo fel{ hfeake ewidgtx%
_gx Tgxwl
_gx xwhhgxxjwl
KI]LGIG_A_KFE
KI]LGIGE_A_KFE _bg egr xacg ajgt gxkec kx ki}lgigeakfe% Cgegtall{ ki}lgigeakfe kx tgjgttgo f hfezgtxkfe fj a egs x{xgi ogxkce f ae f}gtakfeal feg% K alxf ogalx skb bg takekec fj f}gtaftx% Ae ki}lgigeakfe }lae kx f dg iaog dgjftg xatkec bg ahwal ki}lgigeakfe fj bg x{xgi% Ki}lgigeakfe kx bg xacg sbgtg bg bgftgkhal ogxkce kx hfezgtgo kef a sft`kec x{xgi% _bg egsl{ }tf}fxgo x{xgi kx ki}lgigego ajgt bg xwhhgxxjwl gxkec fj bg x{xgi%
Ki}lgigeakfe Igbfox
_bg gti ki}lgigeakfe bax okjjgtge igaekecx, taeckec jtfi bg hfezgtxkfe fj a daxkh a}}lkhakfe f a hfi}lgg tg}lahgige fj a hfi}wgt x{xgi% _bg }tfhgowtg, bfsgzgt, kx zktwall{ bg xaig% Ki}lgigeakfe kx wxgo bgtg f igae bg }tfhgxx jft hfezgtkec a egs ft tgzkxgo x{xgi kef ae f}gtakfeal feg% Hfezgtxkfe kx feg ax}gh fj ki}lgigeakfe% _bg fbgt ax}ghx atg bg }fx ki}lgigeakfe tgzkgs aeo xfjsatg iakegeaehg%
_bgtg atg btgg {}gx fj ki}lgigeakfe>
Ki}lgigeakfe fj a hfi}wgt x{xgi f tg}lahg a iaewal x{xgi%
Ki}lgigeakfe fj a egs hfi}wgt x{xgi f tg}lahg ae grkxkec feg%
Ki}lgigeakfe fj a ifokjkgo a}}lkhakfe f tg}lahg ae grkxkec feg%
Hfezgtxkfe igaex hbaeckec jtfi feg x{xgi f aefbgt% _ba kx oaa ke bg flo jftia kx twe btfwcb a }tfctai, ft a xgtkgx fj }tfctaix, f hfezgt k kef bg egs jftia% Hfezgtxkfe hae alxf dg jtfi feg batosatg igokwi f aefbgt% _bg fdnghkzg kx f }w bg gxgo x{xgi kef f}gtakfe sbklg bflokec hfxx, tkx` aeo }gtxfeegl kttkakfe f a ikekiwi% K kezflzgx >)
Htgakec hfi}wgt hfi}akdlg jklgx%
_takekec bg f}gtakec xajj%
Kexallkec gtikealx aeo batosatg%
A }tfdlgi jft iaeacgige kx okxhfzgtkec, a kegctakfe kig, ba }kghgx fj ifowlgx xki}l{ of ef jk fcgbgt% Xwhb }tfdlgi skll atkxg sbge hbatcg kx iaog f fel{ feg hf}{ fj bg ogxkce ofhwige% Sbge kegctakfe kx hfi}lggo, bg }tfowh ax sbflg kx gxgo, bkx kx gtigo }tfowh gxkec% Sbge bg ogzglf}gtx atg hfejkoge adfw bg hfttghkfe fj gzgt{ ax}gh fj }tfowh, k kx baeolgo fzgt f bg hlkge jft ahhg}aehg gxkec% Ki}lgigeakfe ]lae
_bg ki}lgigeakfe }lae kehlwogx a ogxhtk}kfe fj all bg ahkzkkgx ba iwx fhhwt f ki}lgige bg egs x{xgi aeo f }w k kef f}gtakfe% K kogekjkgx bg }gtxfeegl tgx}fexkdlg jft bg ahkzkkgx aeo }tg}atgx a kig hbat jft ki}lgigekec bg x{xgi% _bg ki}lgigeakfe }lae hfexkxx fj bg jfllfskec xg}x%
Lkx all jklgx tgqwktgo jft ki}lgigeakfe%
Kogekj{ all oaa tgqwktgo f dwklo egs jklgx owtkec bg ki}lgigeakfe%
Lkx all egs ofhwigex aeo }tfhgowtgx ba cf kef bg egs x{xgi%
_bg ki}lgigeakfe }lae xbfwlo aekhk}ag }fxxkdlg }tfdlgix aeo iwx dg adlg f ogal skb bgi% _bg wxwal }tfdlgix ia{ dg ikxxkec ofhwigex0 ikrgo oaa jftiax dgsgge hwttge aeo jklgx, gttftx ke oaa taexlakfe, ikxxkec oaa gh%
XFJ_SATG IAKE_GEAEHG
XFJ_SATG IAKE_GEAEHG
Xghwtk{
Ae{ x{xgi ogzglf}go xbfwlo dg xghwtgo aeo }tfghgo acakex }fxxkdlg ba~atox% Xghwtk{ igaxwtgx atg }tfzkogo f }tgzge weawbftk~go ahhgxx fj bg oaadaxg a zatkfwx lgzglx% Ae wekegttw}go }fsgt xw}}l{ xbfwlo dg xf ba bg }fsgt jaklwtg ft zflacg jlwhwakfex skll ef gtaxg bg oaa ke bg jklgx%
_btgax f X{xgi‛x Xghwtk{
_bg lkxx fj }fgekal btgax atg >
Okxctwelgo aeo okxbfegx wxgtx
Jktg
Gttftx aeo fikxxkfex
Eawtal okxaxgtx
Grgteal aah`x
X{xgi Xghwtk{ Igaxwtgigex
Kogekjkhakfe
K kx xhbgig jft kogekj{kec }gtxfex f bg x{xgi daxgo fe ―xfigbkec {fw `efs‖ xwhb ax }axxsfto% Ke bg Xiat Hfllgcg x{xgi, bg xwoge, xajj, aeo bg
lkdtatkae atg ckzge }axxsftox jft kogekjkhakfe }wt}fxg owtkec tgckxtakfe }tfhgxx%
Ahhgxx Hfetfl
Hfetfllkec ahhgxx f hfi}wgt oaadaxgx kx gxxgekal% Ke bg Xiat Hfllgcg x{xgi fel{ bg aoikekxtaft bax ckzge bg ahhgxx f bg adlgx%
Awok Hfetfl
Awokkec iwx dg xw}}ftgo a all lgzglx fj iaeacgige% Awok hfetflx }tfgh x{xgi jtfi grgteal xghwtk{ dtgahbgx aeo kegteal jtawo ft gidg~~lg ige% Zatkfwx xfjsatg }tfctaix atg azakladlg f bgl} ke bg awok jwehkfe%
X{xgi Kegctk{
_bkx lkeg fj ogjgexg xajgcwatox bg jwehkfekec fj bg batosatg, xfjsatg, }b{xkhal xghwtk{ aeo f}gtakec }tfhgowtgx% ]tf}gt dah`w} fj batosatg aeo xfjsatg atg grtgigl{ ki}ftae% ]axxsfto }tfghkfe aeo xki}lg }tfhgowtgx f hbaecg bg weawbftk~go ahhgxx atg }tfzkogo f bg wxgtx% _bg x{xgi allfsx bg wxgt f gegt bg x{xgi fel{ btfwcb lfcke%
Sg ia{ ogjkeg Xfjsatg Iakegeaehg d{ ogxhtkdkec jft ahkzkkgx ba atg weogta`ge ajgt a }tfctai kx tglgaxgo jft wxg%
1% Hfttghkzg Iakegeaehg
_bg jktx iakegeaehg ahkzk{ fhhwtx xkehg k kx wetgaxfeadlg f axxwig ba xfjsatg gxkec skll wehfzgt all gttftx ke a latcg xfjsatg x{xgi%
4% Aoa}kzg Iakegeaehg
_bkx ahkzk{ ba hfetkdwgx f bg ogjkekkfe fj iakegeaehg fhhwtx xkehg ta}ko hbaecg kx gehfwegtgo ke gzgt{ ax}gh kj hfi}wkec%
8% ]gthg}kzg Iakegeaehg
_bkx ahkzk{ kezflzgx tghfiigeoakfe jft egs ha}adklk{ ifokjkhakfex f bg grkxkec jwehkfex aeo cgegtal gebaehgigex sbge xfjsatg kx wxgo%
?% ]tgzgekzg Iakegeaehg
_bkx ahkzk{ fhhwtx sbge xfjsatg kx hbaecgo f ki}tfzg jwtbgt iakeakeadklk{ aeo tglkadklk{%
JW_WTG GEBAEHGIGE_
Ae{bkec haeef dg geogo ke a xkeclg xg}% K kx bg jah ba efbkec }gtiaege ke bkx sftlo% Xf bkx wklk{ alxf bax xfig jwwtg gebaehgigex ke bg gzgtctgge aeo dffikec K_ keowxt{% Hbaecg kx kegzkadlg% _bg }tfngh geklgo “Htkig Tg}ftkec X{xgi’ sax xwhhgxxjwll{ ogxkcego ogzglf}go aeo gxgo% _bg x{xgi aeo bg
athbkghwtg kx a hfi}akdlg feg, xf aookkfe fj egs ifowlgx hae dg ofeg skbfw iwhb okjjkhwl{% Xkehg bkx ifowlg bax kx wekqwg }tf}gtkgx k hae grgeo jwtbgt f ia`g bkx x{xgi a hfi}lgg feg%
Xhf}g fj jwtbgt ogzglf}ige
_bg zatkfwx Jwwtg Gebaehgige sbkhb xball kehlwog ke bkx xfjsatg atg>
Sg lff` jftsato f sft`kec skb bg Cfzgteige ke ki}lgigekec bg
tghfiigeoakfex aeo xggkec ae ki}tfzgige ke bg gjjghkzgegxx fj bg ftcaek~akfe
_bg igbfo fj zkogf hfejgtgehkec hae dg aoogo f ia`g bg }tfngh iftg lkzgl{
Ae kegthfi jahklk{ skll aoo a lklg iftg jlgrkdlg hfiiwekhakfe dgsgge bg
Iaxgt aeo Dtaehb Ke Hbatcg, Iaxgt aeo Igidgtx, gh%
Ef skbxaeokec bkx otkzg aeo }tfctgxx, bg ]aegl dglkgzgx ba iftg jweoaigeal hbaecgx atg eggogo% K bf}gx ba bg tghfiigeoakfe iaog ke bkx tg}ft skll axxkx ke hbaeckec bg hwlwtg atfweo }ategtxbk}%
HFEHLWXKFE
HFEHLWXKFE _bg Xfjsatg ogzglf}go kx jfweo f dg sft`kec gjjkhkgel{ aeo gjjghkzgl{% K tgxwlx ke tgcwlat aeo kigl{ ahkfe acakex htkig tg}ftgo% K hae dg fdxgtzgo ba bg kejftiakfe hae dg fdakego gaxkl{ aeo ahhwtagl{%
_bg Xfjsatg kx iaog wxgt jtkgeol{ f bg iarkiwi xf ba ae{ la{ iae hae twe bg xfjsatg }tfzkogo bg hfwlo ahhgxx f bg x{xgi zka bg lfcke }axxsfto%
K dglkgzgx ba }ategtxbk} sft` kx bkcbl{ dgegjkhkal f bg ftcaek~akfe aeo ba }ategtxbk} sft` kx bg sa{ jftsato f tgowhg htkig aeo okxftogt
Bgehg, sg skxb f tgikeo ba kx hwlwtg xbfwlo jwll{ geoftxg }ategtxbk} sft`0 sg wtcg f gexwtg bg agekfe bg{ tgqwktg%
A}}geokr A "OA_A JLFS OKACTAIX+
Lgzgl = OJO
Htkig Awfiakfe lfcke
wxgtx
tgqwgx
* Tg}ftkec
htkigtg}ft
X{xgi
ogaklx
tgx}fexg
Lgzgl 1%= OJO "aoike+
aoike
tgqwgx
ogaklx
tgckxtakfe
lfcke
wxgteaig axxsfto
ogaklx
lfcke
xakfe }tfhgxxgx
xakfe
tgqwgx
hfi}lakex
ogaklx
htkigogxhtk}kfe ogaklx
axxkcexakfe
Lgzgl 1%1 OJO "hkk~ge+
hkk~ge
tgqwgx
ogaklx
tgckxtakfe
lfcke
wxgteaig axxsfto
lfcke
hfi}lakex
ogaklx
htkigogxhtk}kfe
Lgzgl 1%4 OJO "xakfe+
xakfe
tgqwgx
ogaklx
tgckxtakfe
lfcke
wxgteaig axxsfto
ogaklx
lfcke
htkig }tfhgxxgx
htkigogxhtk}kfe jkt htkikealogaklx egsgaitgckxgt gaiigidgt zkhki
tgqwgx
skegxx
hlfxg htkig
ogaklx
htkigogxhtk}kfe aozfhag htkighlfxg
Lgzgl 4%= OJO "aoike+
aoike
tgqwgx
xakfe a}}tfzal
zkgs hfi}lakex
tgx}fexg
ogaklx
xakfe
hfi}lakex
ogaklx
axxkce xakfe
htkigko
axxkcexakfe
htkigogxhtk}kfe
Lgzgl 4%1 OJO "hkk~ge+
hkk~ge
tgqwgx
xgeo hfi}lakex
ogaklx
htkigogxhtk}kfe
ogaklx
zkgs ahhg}go hfi}lakex
tgx}fexg
htkigko
htkig xawx
htkighlfxg
Lgzgl 4%4%= OJO "xakfe+
Lgzgl 4%4%1 OJO "xakfe+
xakfe
tgqwgx
zkgs hfi}lakex
ogaklx
htkigogxhtk}kfe
htkko tgx}fexg
azfhakfe }tfhgxxgx
hlfxg htkig
htkigko
ogaklx
htkigogxhtk}kfe axxkcexakfe
htkikealogaklx aozfhag