[uiãrd` K^W[ K^ W[@ @ LN K@ K@ZD ZDHA HAND NDW@ W@
IÛL^B@ D - GÃ[DK@ LN K@ZDHAC
Dhstdt hstdtut` ut` ^hdvn hdvnrsc rscbb Grc Grcsdbn sdbndr` dr` Cl idhd Clid hdst st rcï rcïë` ë` Budz Bu dz Fn Fnrh rhch chl` l` Ld Ldhd hdzz Hc Hcs` s` J`sä J` sä Kc Kcrb rb`s `s Ld Ldhd hdzz Hc Hcs` s` Dhês Dh ês Ld Ldhd hdzz Hc Hcs` s` Onrnhtn On Onrnhtn Onrcb rcb I`lnst` I`l nst` Uch Uchtcbä tcbäcc Ldrn drnïë ïë` ` ln Crt Crtn n Kcrb Kc rb`s `s Nl Nluc ucrl rl`` U. Hc Hcs` s` Cs sdst Cssd st nht nhtn n Ju Jurél rél dk dkc c Wcfcn Wcf cnbc bc Hcs Hcs`` @bd @bdvnd vndrc rc Ur`luïë` Icrk Ic rk`s `s Ur Urcl cl`` ln Kc Kcrv rvcb cba` a` Wnvdsë` W`snbd W`s nbd Chc Chcstã stãkd` kd` [db [dbvc vc Icrkd Ic rkdcc I` I`rn rndr drcc ln Kc Kcrv rvcb cba` a` Kbcu Kb culd ldcc ln C. Ic Icrc rcha haë` ë` Ur Urns nsk` k`tt tt Hc Hcs` s` Lnsnha`s Wnhc Wn hctc tc ln @b @bdv dvnd ndrc rc
K``rlnhcïë` K``rlnhcïë ` Ldlã Ldlãtdkc tdkc _cbl`i _c bl`idr` dr` Wnkk Wnkkad ad Ldrnt`rc On Ldrnt`rc Onrcb rcb Drnhn Drn hn W`l W`lrdo rdoun unss ln @bd @bdvnd vndrc rc \ndx ndxndr ndrcc Wdg Wdgndr ndr`` Diconhs Cbnxchlrnn I`rs Cbnxchlr I`rsdbbc dbbc Icrdchc Icrdc hc Vn Vnkkad kkad Tcsid csidh h Kcr` Kcr`bdhc bdhc Kcvc Kcvcbbdh bbdhdd F`t`orcfdc W`gnr W` gnrt` t` Kcr Kcrb`s b`s Cbv Cbvns ns Wnhchh Vcsk` Wnhc csk`hknb hknb`s `s Nldt`rcïë` Dhstdtut` Dhstd tut` ^hdvn ^hdvnrscb rscb Grcsd Grcsdbndr` bndr` Diprnssë` D^GWC - Dh Dhlú lúst strd rdcc Or Orãf ãfdk dkcc n Nl Nldtdt`r `rcc Bt Btlc lc W`l` W` l`vd vdc c Ns Nstc tclu lucb cb G` G`dtdtuv uvcc - Dp Dpnr nrû, û, mi 3, 3,33 Kci Kc ip`s ln G`d `dtu tuvvc - G` G`dt dtuuvc - [U KNU 31>>5 - 555
Nbcg`rcïë` @ tr trcg cgcb cba` a` f` f`dd ln lnsn snhv hv`b `bvd vdl` l` pn pnb` b`ss cu cut` t`rn rnss L` L`rd rdvc vcbb l` l`ss [c [cht ht`s `s n Ic Icrk rkdc dc In Inrk rkcl clch chtn tn,, ju juht ht`` k` k`i ic nqudpn nqu dpn ldl ldlãtdk ãtdk`-pn `-pnlco lcoûod ûodkc kc l` Dhst Dhstdtut dtut` ` ^hdv ^hdvnrsc nrscbb Grcs Grcsdbn dbndr`, dr`, nsp nspnkdc nkdcbdzc bdzclc lc hc nb nbcg cg``rc rcïë ïë`` ln ictn ic tnrd rdcb cb pcrc Nl Nluk ukc cïë ïë` ` ln J` J`vn vnhs hs n Cl Club ubt` t`ss c ld ldst stçh çhkd kdc. c. Corcl Co rcl nkd nkdinh inh t` t`ss Nhonf``l L`knss \nhtc L`kn nhtcïë` ïë` Wuc Wu c l` l`ss Cu Cut` t`h` h`id idst stcs cs,, 37 37;; - [ë [ë` ` Kc Kcnt ntch ch` ` l` [u [ubb www.l`knstnhtckc`.k`i.gr
\`l `l`s `s `s ld ldrn rndt` dt`ss së së` ` rn rnsn snrvc rvcl` l`s. s. Hë` ä pn pnri ridtd dtdlc lc c rn rnpr pr`l `luï uïë ë` t`t t`tc cb `u pc pcrkd rkdc cb ln lnstn stn kur kurs` s`..
C UWN[NH\CÏË@ L@ K^W[@ Kcr` pcrtdkdpchtn, v`kê nstã dhdkdchl` ` kurs` ln K`zdhandr` l` Dhstdtut` ^hdv ^h dvnr nrsc scbb Gr Grcs csdbdbnd ndr` r` - D^ D^G! G!!! !! Nu s`u ` K`zdhandr` Ichlukc. Wnkngd nstn cpnbdl`, p`ds ichlukcr qunr ldzn ld znrr dh dhon onrd rdrr cb cbdi dinh nht` t`== k` k`in inr= r= ics icstdtdoc ocrr. Nstcrni`s juht`s lurchtn t`l`s `s iûlub`s n ocrcht` qun fcrni`s ui orchln orc hln suk suknss nss`!! `!!!! V`u cprnsnhtcr-b -baan ` h`ss` lnbdkd`s` kcrlãpd`, `u in inbba`r, h`ss` lnbdkd`s` kurs`!
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
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Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Hns nsttn kur urss` v`k `kêê vc vcdd dh dhoorn rnss sscr cr ni ui iu iuhl hl` ` iã iãod odkk`, `hl hln n cpr prnnhl hlnnrã uic h` h`vc vc pr` r`fdfdsssë`, knrkclc ln iudtcs lnbé békkdc dcss, ics, tcigäi, ln iudt dtc c rn rnssp`hscgdbdlcln: c pr` r`ffdssë` ln K`zdhandr`. Iãodk dk``, p`rqun c k`zdh dha ac ä knrkclc ln iudt dt` `s idstärd` d`ss, k`rns, `l`rn rnss, scg`rns qun vci` vc i`ss ln lnsv svnh nhlc lcrr p` p`uk uk`` c p` p`uk uk`. `. [niprn h`s bnigrci`s l`s ico`s k`i sucs p`ïþns, lcs v`vûs k`i sucs rnkndt dtccs ln lcr ãouc hc g`kc, ln adstûrd rdc cs ln h`dvcs qun snourcrci `s h`dv dv``s pnb` nstüico`, lcqunbn cido` qun fcz prct`s ldfnrnhtns h` fdi ln snichc, l` instrn-kukc qun prnpcrc cqunbcs lnbébékd ln kdcs cs,, nh nhfdfdi. i... .. h` h`ss sscc in iniû iûrd rdc c ä kn knrk rkcl clc c ln pn pnrs rs`h `hco conh nhss dh dhtn tnrn rnss ssch chtn tns, s, bdbdoc ocl` l`ss å k` k`zd zdha hac, c, n qu qun n ou oucr crlc lci i iu iudtdt`s `s sn snor ornl nl`s `s.. C` in insi si`` tn tnip ip`, `, ns nstn tn ä ui iu iuhl hl` ` qu qun n nh nhv` v`bv bvn n iu iudtdtc c rn rnsp sp`h `hsc scgd gdbdbdlc lcln ln,, p` p`ds ds ` k` k`zd zdha hand nd-r` bdbdlc lc ld ldrn rnttci cinh nhtn tn k` k`i i c cb cbdi dinh nhttcï cïë` ë` lc lcss pn pnss ss`c `css n ds dss` s` rn rnqu qunr nr ku kudl dlcl cl`s `s ns nspn pnkd kdcd cds. s. Cqud Cq ud,, vc vci` i`ss tr trct ctcr cr l` cs cssu suht ht` ` k` k`i i iu iudtdt` ` pr pr`f `fds dssd sd`h `hcb cbds dsi` i`,, sn sni, i, k` k`ht htul ul`, `, ln lndx dxcr cr ln bc bcl` l` ` nh nhkc kcht ht`. `.
Vnjc ` qun v`kê vcd nhk`htrcr h` kurs`!
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
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Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
N[\W N[ \W^\ ^\^W ^WC C L@ K^ K^W[ W[@ @ @ ku kurs rs` ` cp cprn rnsn snht htc c 5? Iû Iûlu lub` b`s. s. @ Iûlub` D ä ldvdldl` ni lucs pcrtns n ä `grdoctûrd` pcrc c rncbdz dzc cïë` l`s lnicds ds,, qun p`lnrë` snr kurscl`s ni qucbqunr `rlni.
Gãsd Gã sdk` k` ln K` K`zd zdha hac c Ucr crttn D
Cprnsn Cprn snht htcc `s ci cigd gdnh nhtn tns, s, cs nq nqud udpn pnss ln tr trcg cgcb cba` a`,, `s utnhsébd`s n `s nqudpcinht`s icds usucds. Hnstc fcsn fc sn dh dhdk dkdc dcb,b, v` v`kê kê vc vcdd k` k`ha hank nknr nr `s cs cspn pnkt kt`s `s di dip` p`rt rtch chtn tnss qunn fc qu fczn zni i pc pcrt rtnn l` iu iuhl hl`` l` K` K`zd zdha hand ndr` r`..
Gãsd Gã sdk` k` ln K` K`zd zdha hac c Ucrt Uc rtn n DD
\rc rctc tc l` l`ss ku kudl dlcl cl`s `s gã gãsd sdk` k`ss ln ad adod odnh nhnn n pr pr`f `fdbdbcx cxdc dc,, hnkn hn knss ssãr ãrd` d`ss c t` t`l` l`ss `s pr pr`f `fds dssd sd`h `hcd cdss qu qunn ct ctuc uci i hc ãr ãrnc nc ln cbdi cbdinhtc nhtcïë`. ïë`.
K`zd K` zdha hac c Fr Frdc dc
Cg`rlc ` rnkngdinht` n c cvcbdcïë` lc ictärdc prdi pr dic, c, c ic ichd hdpu pubc bcïë ïë`` n c pr prnp npcr crcï cïë` ë` ln bn bnou ouin inss pc pcrc rc sc scbc bc-lcs, ln i`ussns scboclcs, ln kcrhns fr frddcs n ln i`ba`s frd` fr d`s, s, gn gni i k` k`i` i` ln i` i`ht htco coni ni n lnk nk`r `rcï cïë` ë` l` guffnt frd`.
Icss Ic sscs cs n I` I`ba ba`s `s
\rc rcttc l` prn rnppcr cr`` ln ic icss sscs cs gãsd sdkkcs n ha ha``qu qunns, k`iuhs, k`i scg`r n k`b`rcïë`, rnkand`s scbocl`s n cord co rdl` l`kn kns, s, i`b `baa`s ld ldvn vnrs rs``s, tä täkh khdk dkcs cs ln k`k `kïë ïë`` n rn rnssfrdc fr dcin inht ht`, `, i` i`ht htco coni ni n ln ln-k -k`r `rcï cïë` ë` ln pr prct ct`s `s..
Kcrh Kc rhn n G` G`vd vdhc hc
Cg`rlc Cg`r lc c ld ldvd vdsë së`` lc pcr crtn tn ld ldch chtn tndr drcc n tr trcs csnd ndrc rc pcr crcc kcrhn g`vdhc, k`rtn tnss nspnkdcds, tä täkkhdkcs ln prnpcr`, pr`l pr `luï uïë` ë` ln ic icrd rdhc hclc lcss n i` i`ba ba`s `s,, ou oucr crhd hdïþ ïþns ns vc vcrd rdcl clcs cs,, i`ht i` htco coni ni n ln lnk` k`rc rcïë ïë` ` ln pr prct ct`s `s..
Kcrh Kc rhn n [u [uéh éhc c
Cg`rlc Cg`r lc c ld ldvd vdsë së`` lc pcr crtn tn ld ldch chtn tndr drcc n tr trcs csnd ndrc rc pcr crcc kcrh kc rhnn su suéh éhc, c, k` k`rt rtns ns ns nspn pnkd kdcd cds, s, tä täkh khdk dkcs cs ln pr prnp npcr cr`, `, pr pr``luïë` ln icrdhclcs n i`ba`s, oucrhdïþns vcrdclcs, i`ht i` htco coni ni n ln lnk` k`rc rcïë ïë` ` ln pr prct ct`s `s..
Cvns
\rctc, lnsln c snbnïë` lcs cvns, cs täkhdkcs ln lns`sscinht`, ln k`rtns nspnkdcds, c pr`luïë` ln icrdhclcs n i`-ba`s, n cs täkhdkcs ln k`kïë`, ctä c i`ht i` htco coni ni n ln lnk` k`rc rcïë ïë` ` ln pr prct ct`s `s..
Undxns
\rctc, lnsln c snbnïë` ln pndxns, krustãkn`s n i`busk sk``s, ctä cs täkh khddkcs ln lns`sscinht` t`,, ln k`rt rtnns nsppnk ns nkdc dcds ds,, ln pr pr`l `luï uïë` ë` ln ic icrd rdhc hclc lcss n i` i`ba ba`s `s== lc lcss tä täkkhdkc hd kcss ln k` k`kï kïë` ë`,, ct ctää c i` i`ht htco conni n ln lnk` k`rc rcïë ïë`` ln pr prct ct`s `s..
Iûlu Iû lub` b` D
Iûlub` DD
Iûlub` DDD
Iûlub` DV
Iûlub` V
Iûlub` Iûlu b` VD
Iûlub` VDD
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
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Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
N[\WC\ÄODC[ H` ln lnk` k`rr rrnr nr l` l`ss Iû Iûlu lub` b`s, s, v` v`kê kê sn snrã rã dh dhkknh nhtdtdvc vcl` l` c ic icht htnr nr ui uic c pcr crttdk dkdp dpcï cïë` ë` gc gcst stch chttn ct ctdv dvcc h` pr pr`k `kns nss` s` ln cp cprn rnhl hldz dzco coni ni,, `u sn snjc jc,, hë hë` ` pr prnt ntnh nhln lni` i`ss qu qun n v` v`kê kê bn bndc dc n ln lnk` k`rn rn ` k` k`ht htnú núl` l`,, ic icss pnhs pn hsn n s` s`gr grnn nb nbnn n pr pr`k `kur urnn ci cipb pbdã dã-b -b`. `. Cs Cssd sdi i v` v`kê kê sn snrã rã ui pr pr`f `fds dssd sd`h `hcb cb ld ldfn fnrn rnhk hkdc dcl` l` h` in inrk rkcl cl`` ln trcgcba`. Lurc Lu rcht htnn ` ku kurs rs`` v` v`kê kê tn tnrã rã `r `rdn dnht htcï cïþn þnss pc pcrc rc rn rncb cbdz dzcr cr ct ctdv dvdl dlcl clns ns ld ldvn vnrs rscs cs,, k` k`i` i` pn pnsq squd udsc scs, s, vdsd vd sdtc tcss tä täkh khdk dkcs cs,, k` k`ht htct ct`s `s k`i pr` pr`fds fdssd` sd`hcd hcdss ntk ntk.. lnrh` rh` ln Ch`t Ch`tc cïþn ïþnss Ucrc Uc rc rn rncb cbdz dzãã-bc bcs, s, pr pr`k `kur urn n sn snou oudr dr h` h`ss sscs cs ld ldkc kcss n ut utdbdbdz dzn n sn snip iprn rn ` Kcln
qun qu n fc fczz pc pcrt rtnn l` ic ictn tnrd rdcb cb ln kc kclc lc Iû Iûlu lub` b`.. Hn Hnbn bn v` v`kê kê ln lnvn vn rn rnod odst strc rcrr su sucs cs di dipr prns nssþ sþns ns,, k` k`hq hqud udsstcs cs,, ld ldfdfdku kubl blcl clns ns,, gn gni i k` k`i` i` ln lnsk skrd rdïþ ïþns ns n rn rnbc bct` t`ss s` s`gr grn n ` qu qun n f` f`rr s` s`bdbdkd kdttcl cl`. `. lnrh rh` ` ln Ch Ch`t `tc cïþ ïþn ns pnridtdrã qun v`kê ck`ipchan snu prû Nstn Kcln rûpprd` pr`ornss`
h` kurs`. C` fdhcb ln kclc Iûlub`, v`kê tcigäi fcrã ui \nstn qu qunn cg cg`r `rlc lcrã rã `s k` k`ht htnú núl` l`ss trct tr ctcl cl`s `s.. \rc rcttcc-sn sn ln ui tn tnst stnn ln cu cut` t`cv cvcb cbdc dcïë ïë` ` n cs rn rnsp sp`s `sttcs sn snrë rë`` lc lclc lcss h` iû iûlu lub` b` sn snou oudh dh-tn,, pcr tn crc c qu qunn v` v`kê kê in insi si`` k` k`hf hfdr drc c sn snus us ck cknr nrt` t`s. s. Ln Lnst stc c f` f`ri ric c v` v`kê kê vc vcdd sn pr prnp npcr crch chl` l` pc pcrc rc c cv cvccbdcïë` bdc ïë` fdh fdhcb. cb. V`k `kê ê tci cigä gäi i vc vcdd rn rnppcr crcr cr qu qun n qu quch chl` l` cp cpcr crnk nkni ni pcb cbcv cvrc rcss h` h`vc vcss us uscl clcs cs pn pnb` b` k` k`zd zdha hand ndr` r`,, h`tc c ln nxpb xpbdkc dkcïë ïë` ` pcr acvn ac vnrã rã ui uicc h`t crc c k`h `htr trdg dgu udr hc su suc c k`i `ip prn rnnh nhsë së`. `. N ic icds ds.... c nxp xpbdbdkkcï cïë` ë`
sni nip prn ns nsttcr crãã lns nskr krdtdtcc ni uic kcd cdxxc ln tnxt xt` ` ns nspn pnkd kdc cb, k` k`i i ln lnsn snha ha`s `s qun tnha haci ci c vnr k` k`i i ` k` k`ht htnú núl` l` qu qunn ns nstã tã sn snhl hl`` ln lnsk skrd rdt` t`..
CVC CV C B DCÏË DCÏË@ @ Nxcin cin Fdhc Fdhcbb H` fdh dhccb l` Ku Kurs rs`, `, ln lnp` p`ds ds qu qun n tnr nrid idh hcr t` t`l` l`ss `s Iû Iûlu lub` b`s, s, v` v`kê kê rn rnkn kngn gnrã rã ` Nx
k`i qunstþns s`grn `s k`htnúl`s nstulcl`s, qun v`kê lnvnrã rnsp`hlnr n nhvdcr pcrc k`rrnïë`.
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
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Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Ã[DK@ [DK@ LN K@ZDHAC - U C CW\N W\N 3 G Ã
Kcr` cbuh` (c), co`rc vci`s dhdkdcr ` Iûlub` Gãsdk` ln K`zd K` zdha hac. c. Hn Hnbn bn v` v`kê kê ln lnsn snhv hv`b `bvn vnrã rã ` rn rnpn pnrt rtûr ûrd` d` hn hnkn knss ssãr ãrd` d` pcr crc c fc fczn znrr pcr crtn tn ln lnss ssn n ci cigd gdnh nhtn tn n dh dhdk dkdc dcrr sn snuu ln lnsn snhv hv`b `bvd vd-inht in ht` ` pr pr`f `fds dssd sd`h `hcb cb k` k`i` i` K` K`zd zdha hand ndr` r` (c (c). ). G` G`cc s` s`rt rtn! n!!! !! U`rr qu U` qun n dh dhdk dkdc dci` i`ss pn pnb` b` Iûlu ûlub` b` Gã Gãsdk sdk` ` ln K`z `zdha dhac c0 U`rq U` rqun un ns nstn tn Iû Iûlu lub` b` k` k`ht htrd rdgu gudd pcr crcc qu qunn v` v`kê kê sn fc fcid idbdbdcr crdz dznn k`i k` i ` ci cigd gdnh nhtn tn ln k` k`zd zdha hac, c, jã ln lnsn snhv hv`b `bvn vnhl hl`` ui uicc ct ctdtdtul ulnn pr`fdssd`hcb. Vci`s k`inïcr pnbc Ucrtn D, pcrc qun v`kê sn sdhtc å v`htcln h` cigdnhtn ni qun ` k`zdhandr` ctuc n sn fcidbdcrdzn k`i `s utnhsébd`s n `s nqudpcinht`s prûprd`s lnssn lns sn cig cigdnh dnhtn. tn.
\DU@ \D U@[ [ LN WN WN[\ [\C^W C^WCH\ CH\N[ N[ rnstc stcurc urchtn htnss , cf Vci` ci`ss k`i k`inïc nïcrr pnb pnb`s `s tdp`s ln rn cfdh dhcb cb,, ä bã qu qun n ` k` k`zd zdha hand ndr` r` nx nxnr nrkn kn su succ pr pr`f `fds dssë së`. `. lnrh` rh` ln Ch`t Ch`tc cïþn ïþnss (3): Unhsn chtns n nskrnvc h` snu Kcln Sunn tdtdp` Su p`ss ln rn rnst stcu curc rcht htns ns v` v`kê kê jã `u `uvd vdu u fc fcbc bcr0 r0 Ni qu qun n tdp dp`s `s ln rn rnst stcu curc rcht htns ns v` v`kkê jã ns nsttnv nvn0 n0 Nhkk`h Nh `httrn ui uicc rn rnvvds dsttc, j` j`rh rhcb cb `u ui ou oudc dc tur uréést stdk dk` ` qu qun n trc rco oc ld ldkkcs ln rn rnsstcu curc rcht htns ns n tnht htnn dicodhcr k`i` së`. [n v`kê tdvnr cknss` å Dhtnrhnt, bã tcigäi p`lnrã nhk`htrcr iudtcs dhf` dh f`ri ricï cïþn þnss s` s`gr grnn rn rnst stcu curc rcht htns ns.. [n [nbn bnkd kd`h `hn n pn pnb` b` in inh` h`ss tr três ês rn rnst stcu curc rcht htns ns.. lnrh` rh` ln Ch` Ch`tc tcïþn ïþnss (7) `s cspnkt`s qun v`kê Cpûûs ns Cp nsttc pns nsqu quds dsc, c, rn rno ods dsttrn h` snu Kcln cka`u cka `u icd icdss dht dhtnrn nrnssc sscht htns. ns. Vci ci`s `s vn vnrr k` k`i` i` së së` ` kb kbcs cssd sdfdfdkc kcl` l`ss `s rn rnst stcu curc rcht htns ns qu qun n v` v`kê kê k` k`ha hank nknn n ns nssn snss qu qunn pn pnsq squd uds` s`u0 u0
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Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
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Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
\DU@ \D U@[ [ LN WN WN[\ [\C^WCH\ C^WCH\N[ N[ Nxdstni ldvnrs`s tdp`s ln rn rnsstcurchtns. Kclc ui rnprnsnhtc ui k`hkndt` n nstã cigdnhtcl` ln f`ric c rnsp`hlnr c uic lnt lntnri nridhc dhclc lc lni lnichl chlc. c. Vnj njci ci`s `s `s ic icds ds k` k`iu iuhs hs::
Kcrlãpd` ä c bdstc, cprns cp rnsnh nhtcl tclcc ni rns rns-tcurc tc urchtn htns, s, k`h k`htnh tnhl` l` ` qun ä snrvdl` n ` prnï` ln kclc dtni. Dhf` Dh f`ri ricc, tcigäi, c nspnkdcbdlcln lc kcsc
Wnst nstcurc curchtn htn trcldkd`hcb Cprnsn Cprn snht htcc ui kcrlãpd` nx nxtn tnhs hs`, `, k` k`i i pr prnp npcr crcï cïþn þnss tr trcl cldk dkd` d`-hcd cdss n ln ckn kndtdtcï cïë` ë` on onrc rcb.b. Ä ldr drn nkd kd`h `hcl cl`` pcrc ui púg úgbdbdkk` gc gcsstch chttn vcr crdc dcl l`, ctnh nh-lnh nhl` l` lns nsln ln cs nx nxpn pnkktct ctdv dvcs cs ln ui uic c kr krdc dch hïc ctä cqu qunb nbcs cs ln uic ui c pn pnss ss`c `c dl dl`s `sc. c. [ u c l n k ` r c ï ë ` k ` s tu i c s n r s d i p b n s n t r c l d k d ` h c b . C s nhx`vcb,, ln ichndr b`uïcs n ` nhx`vcb drc c onr nrc cb, hë` së` bu buxxu`s`s, hni s`fdstdkcl`s.
Wnstcurchtn ocstr`hüidk`
Nhx`vcb, hnst stnn kc kcs` s`,, rnfnrn-sn å r`upcrd rdcc nspnkéfdkc ln us` ni rnst rn stccurc rchhtns, k` k`i i` t`cbacs ln insc n ln gc h q u nt n , f u hl ` l n insc (fn fnbbtr tr``), k`grn rn-ichkac, pch` ln snrv sn rvdï dï`, `, fu fuhl hl`` ln gc gchhlnjc ln jc n ouc oucrlc rlchcp hcp`s. `s.
Kcr crck ckttnr nrdz dzcc-s -snn pn pnbc bc cs css` s`kd kdcï cïë` ë` ln ui kan anfn fn ln k` k`zd zdh hac ln rnh` rn h`in in n ln ui kc kcrl rlãp ãpd` d` k` k`i i or orch chln ln dh dhvn vnht htdv dvdl dlcl cln. n. Ä rn rnst stcu curc rcht htnn ln ld ldin inhs hsþn þnss rn rnlu luzd zdlc lcs, s, k` k`st stui uind ndrc rcin inht htn n icht ic htn nhl hl` ` ln 65 c 15 bu buoocr crns ns.. @ ci cigd gdnh nhtn tn ä lnk nk`r `rcl cl` ` k`i nb nbnnoçh çhkd kdc c n `s pr pr`f `fds dsssd` d`hhcd cdss ln sc scbc bc n k` k`zd zdha hac c së` iu iudtdt` ` gni trn rnddOcstr`h`idc ä c crtn ln k`zd k` zdhhacr ln ichndr drcc qun hcl`s. sn pr`p`rkd`hn ` icd`r Hnssn tdp dp`` ln rn rnsstcurc rchhtn, ` kanfn ln k`zd zdh hac k`stuic p r c z n r c q u ni k ` i n (H`v (H `v` ` Ld Ldkd kd`h `hãr ãrd` d` Cu Curä räbd bd` ` nsttcr sn ns snip iprn rn pr prns nsnh nhtn tn n, pc pcrc rc ln lni` i`hs hstr trcr cr su sucs cs ac acgd gdbdbdlc lcln lns, s, lc Béh Béhou ouc c U` U`rtu rtuou ounsc nsc)) cbä bäi i l` kcrl rlããpd` pnb` qucb ` kbdbdn nhtn p`ln nsk`ba ban nr cs prn rnp pcrcïþns, nbn cprnsnhtc c `pïë` l` in inhu hu k` k`hf hfdc dchk hkn n `u l` inhu in hu lä läoustc oustctd`h td`h . Inh nhu u lä läou oust stct ctd` d`h h ( i n h u l n o u s tc ï ë ` ) ä u i c snqò sn qòêh êhkd kdc c ln pr prct ct`s `s sn snrv rvdl dl`s `s ni pn pnqu qunh nhcs cs p` p`rï rïþn þnss (l (ln n Iudt Iu dtcs cs pcb cbcv cvrc rcss ut utdbdbdz dzcl clcs cs 5? c 3<, k` k`ip ip`s `sttcs p`r nh nhttrc rclc lcs, s, pr prc ct` t`ss qun unht htns ns n pnb` pn b`ss k` k`zd zdha hand ndr` r`ss së së`` fr frch ch-s`gr s` grni nins nscs cs)) pcr crcc sn snrn rni i cp cprn rnkd kdcl clcs cs ui uic c c ui uic, c, knscs, p`ds c Frchïc ä ` gnrï gn rï` ` lc oc ocst str` r`h` h`id idcc n, trc trc-f`ri f` rich chl` l`,, h` k` k`hj hjuh uht` t`,, ui uicc rn rnfn fndï dïë` ë` k` k`ip ipbn bnttc. ldkd`hcbinhtn, tnvn n tni Inhu In hu k`h `hfd fdch chkn kn (inhu k`hfdchïc) ä lnst ln stcq cqun un hc ãr ãrnc nc.. uic snquêhkd c ln pr ct`s, kuj c nsk`b ac ä k`hfdclc c` kanfn n qun ä snrv rvdl dlc c k`i` surprns pr nsc c c` kb kbdn dnht htn. n. Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
51
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Nsscss `p Nssc `pïþ ïþns ns k` k`st stui uici ci sn snrr ui uic c or orch chln ln nx nxpn pnrd rdêh êhkd kdc c l` l`ss sn snht htdl dl`s `s,, p` p`ds ds ` ka kanf nfn, n, hn hnss ssns ns inhus, nxpþn t`lc suc crtn n cdhlc suonrn ck`igdhcïë` l`s vdha`s, p`lnhl` tcigäi k`htcr k`i c fdourc ln ui s`iinbdnr . Hc Nu Nur` r`pc pc,, ns nssn snss rn rnst stcu curc rcht htns ns k` k`st stui uici ci fdfdkc kcrr cf cfcs cstc tcl` l`ss l` l`ss kn knht htr` r`ss ur urgc gch` h`ss n cp cpr` r`vn vnddtci tc i cb cbou ouhs hs nb nbni ninh nht` t`ss rn rnod od`h `hcd cdss ln cr crqu qudtdtnt ntur urc c n ln lnk` k`rc rcïë ïë` ` hc k` k`ip ip`s `sdï dïë` ë` ln sn snus us ci cigd gdnh nhtn tnss k`i`, p`r nxnipb`, ui i`dha` `u ui kcstnb`. H`s Nsttcl Ns cl`s `s ^h ^hdl dl`s `s,, p` p`ln lni i sn snrr nh nhk` k`ht htrc rcl` l`ss tch cht` t` ni kn knhh[`inbbdnr ä uic pcbcvrc frchknsc qun lnsdohc ` tr`s urgch`s, k`i` ni ãrncs icds ldspr`fds pr` fdssd` sd`hcb hcb k`h k`han anknl knl`r `r tchtns. Jã, h` Grc rcssdbdb,, nhk`htrc rci i-s -sn n h` h`ss ln vd vdhha`s, rn rnssp`hsã sãvn vnbb prdhkd prd hkdpc pcds ds knh knhtr` tr`ss urg urgch` ch`s. s. pnbc pn bc nbc nbcg`r g`rcïë cïë`` lc kcr kcrtc, tc, nst`qu nst` quns ns n vn vnhl hlcs cs ln lnst stnn pr`lut`.
Wnstc stcurc urchtn htn ln nspn spnkdc kdcbdlc bdlcln lnss Cprnsn Cprn snht htcc kc kcrl rlãp ãpd` d`ss rn rnst strd rdt` t`s, s, ln lnht htr` r` ln ui uic c lc lclc lc ns nspn pnkd kdcb cbdl dlcl clnn qu qunn p` p`ln ln ns nstc tcrr rn rnbc bckd kd``hclc c ui tdp` ln pr`lut`, c` i`l` ln prnpcr`, c` iät`l` ln k`kïë` , c ui pcés, rnodë` `u `utr `u tr` ` tdtdp` p` ln sn snoi oinh nhtc tcïë ïë`. `. [ë` kn [ë` knht htnh nhcs cs ln ns nspn pnkd kdcb cbdz dzcï cïþn þns. s. @s rn rnsstcu curc rcht htns ns K`kïë` ä ui tnri tn ri`` ic icds ds utdb utdbddnspn ns pnkd kdcb cbdz dzccl` l`ss ni k`i `idl dlcs cs tépd pdkc kcss n ni fru rutt`s l` icr së` iu iudtdt` ` pr pr``zcl` zcl` p`r p`r pr`f pr`fds ds-kur urc cl` l`ss, ic icss `s ic icds ds k` k`iu iuh hs rn rnffnr nrni ni-s -sn n ås pd pdzz zzcr crdc dcss n c` c`ss ordbbs. sd`h sd`hcd cds, s, pcrc pcrc lnlnsdohcr cr k`zdinht` k`zdinht`.. @ Ordbb ä ` rn rnst stcu curc rcht htn n ns nspn pnkd kdcb cbdz dzcl cl` ` ni or ornb nbac acl` l`s. s. Ni in incl cl`s `s l` l`ss sdoh ch` h`ss 15 tnv nvnn uic or orcchl hlnn nxp xpch chsë së` ` k` k`i i cs ka kaur urrc rcsskc kcrd rdc cs l` tdp dp`` r` r`lé lézzd` d`,, p`r `fnrnknr ui pr`lut` ldfnrnhkdcl`, ni cigdn dnh htn nbn bno ochtn n gni lnk`rcl`, k`i snrv rvddï` å bc kc kcrt rtn n n k` k`rt rtns ns h` h`gr grns ns.. Ns Nstn tnss së së` ` cp cprn rnsn snht htcl cl`s `s ni pn pnqu qunh nhcs cs pn pnïc ïcss fctdclcs å insc, k`i nspnt`s n oucrhdïþns gni trcgcbaclcs, cbäi Ordbb ä uic pc pcbcv bcvrc rc ln `rdon `rdoni i ln ui uicc fc fcrt rtcc in insc sc ln fr frd` d`s, s, k` k`i i dh dhor ornl nldn dnht htns ns fdfdh` h`ss n gn gni i cp cprn rnsn snht htcl cl`s `s,, dhob dhobns nscc qun qun sdoh sdohdddhkbudhl` frut`s l` icr, bnouins, prnsuht`s n f d k c o r n b a c , `u snjc, snj c, nq nqudp udpci cinh nh-qundj`s. t` utdbdzcl` pcrc Ctuc Ct ucbi binh nhtn tn,, cs ka kaur urrc rcsk skcr crdc dcss n `s or ordbdbbs bs p` p`ss ssun uni i kc kcrc rckt ktnr nrés éstdtdkc kcss csscr css cr kcrhn kcrhns. s. iudtdt` iu ` sn snin inba bach chtn tns, s, p` p`ds ds cs ka kaur urrc rcsk skcr crdc dcss ln lnsn snhv hv`b `bvn vnrc rci i snu nuss sn snrv rvdï dï`s `s pcr crc c p` p`ln lnrr k` k`ip ipnntdtdrr k`i cs h` h`vc vcss `fnr nrttcs l` in inrk rkcl cl`. `.
Fcst-F``l U`ln cp U`ln cprn rnsn snht htcr cr ld ldvn vnrs rscs cs kc kcrc rckt ktnr nrdz dzcï cïþn þns, s, p` p`rä räi i ns nstã tã sn snip iprn rn css`kdcl` å rcpdlnz l` snrvdï`, qun ä rnprnsnhtclc ni snu prûprd rd` ` h` h`in in - k` k`id idlc lc rã rãpd pdllc. @s pr pr`l `lut ut`s `s së së`` `f `fnr nrnk nkdl dl`s `s ln f` f`ri ric c sd sdip ipbn bns, s, sn sni i k` k`ip ipbdbdkc kcïþ ïþns ns,, vdsc vd schl hl`` fc fckd kdbdbdttcr n co codbdbdz dzcr cr ` pr pr`k `kns nss` s`..
Ä ln lnh` h`id idhc hc-l` snr snrvdï vdï`` å bc kcrtn, cqunbn ni qun sn fcz ` pnldl` n sn pco cocc sn snppcrclcinhtn kclc prc rctt` `u dtdtni ni l` kc kcrl rlããpd`.
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
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Cbou Cb ouhs hs k` k`hk hknd ndt` t`ss ln fc fcst st-f -f`` ``l l së së`: `: K`ffn `ffnn n [a`p (t (trc rclu luïë ïë`: `: B` B`jc jc ln Kc Kcfä fä): ):
. Cpr prns nsnh nhttc kc kcrl rlãp ãpd` d` ln fã fãkd kdbb pr prnp npc cr` r`,, snr nrvvdï dï` ` å bc kc kcrt rtn, n, k`i cpr prns nsnh nhttcï cïþn þnss sd sdip ipbn bnss n lnsk ln sk`h `htr trcé célc lcss qu qunn pn pnri ridtdtni ni ui sn snrv rvdï dï` ` rã rãpd pdl` l`,, sn sni i or orch chln lnss pr prnt ntnh nhsþ sþns ns oc ocst str` r`hü hüid idkc kcs. s. Ni snu kcrlãpd`, k`stuici k`hstcr scbocl`s, kcfäs, kaãs, suk`s, prc rctt`s orn rnbbacl`s, s`p s` pcs cs,, ic icss sscs cs n s` s`gr grni nins nscs cs k` k`i` i` s` s`rv rvnt ntns ns n t` t`rt rtcs cs.. Unri Un rich chnk nkni ni cg cgnr nrt` t`ss lu lurc rcht htn n 7< a` a`rc rcss n së së` ` h` h`ri ricb cbin inht htn n b` b`kc kcbdbdzc zcl` l`ss ni a` a`tä täds ds n cn cnr` r`p` p`rrt`s, p`ds së` p`ht`s ln vnhlc `hln sn p`ln k`inr, c qucbq bqu unr a`rc rc,, uic k`idlc bnvn n rã rãppdl dlcc.
Bchka`hntn
. U`ssud uic cigdnhtcïë` cdhlc icds sdipbns l` qun ` k` k`ff ffnn nn sa sa`p `p n snrvdï` gni dhf`ri ric cb, `hln ` kbdnhtn p`ln sn snhtcr å insc `u ju juh ht` c`s gcbk bkþ þns. [nu kcrlãpd` prdvdbnodc schlué sch luékan kanss n pnt pntdsk dsk`s. `s. ^ic vcrdcïë` l` k`hkndt` ln bchka`hntn, iudt` nhk`htrclc h` dhtnrd`r, ä ` trcdbnr k`i nqud nq udp pci cinh nht` t`ss cl clcp cpttcl cl`s `s pcr crcc c pr pr`l `luï uïë` ë` ln cb cbdi dinh nht` t`s. s. Ä, k` k`iu iuin inht htn, n, p` p`ht ht`` ln nh nhk` k`ht htr` r` ln j`vnhs qun sn rnúhni chtns n/`u lnp`ds lcs fnstcs n gcdbns. U`ss U` ssud ud cb cbttc r` r`ttct ctdv dvdl dlcl clnn ln cs cssn snht ht`s `s n ui oc ocst st` ` iä iäld ld` ` rn rnbc bctdtdvc vcin inht htnn gc gcdx dx`. `.
(trcl rcluïë uïë`: `: Jch Jchtc tcrr Kcs Kcsucb ucb) Kcsuc csucbb Ldhh Ldhhdho dho (t
. K` i
k cr ck tn r és td k cs ln k` f f n n sa `p , i ns kb c l ` k`i f u s d ` h f ` ` l n ordbb. Cprnsnhtc ui kcrlãpd` icds rnprns rnp rnsnht nhtct ctdv` dv` ni tnr tnri`s i`s ocs ocstr` tr`hüi hüidk` dk`s, s, k`i prn prnpc pcrcï rcïþns þns bnvns n rã rãp pdlcs, k`i `pïþns tcht` pcrc quni lnsnjc uic rnffnd rn ndïïë` icd cdss k`i `ipb pbnt ntcc n su sugs gsttch chkkd` d`ssc, k` k`i` i` pcr crc c qun uni i prnf pr nfnr nrn n pn pntdtdsk sk`s `s `u pn pnqqunhcs nhtrclcs. ^tdbdbdzzc nbninht`s ln ld ldvn vnrs rscs cs ku kubtbtur urcs cs n p` p`ss ssud ud sn snrv rvdï dï` ` ct ctnh nhkd kd`s `s` ` n nf nfdk dkdn dnht htn. n.
Fusd Fu sd`h `h f` f``l `l ä ui
tnri` utd tnri` utdbdz bdzcl cl`` pc pcrc rc lnsd ln sdoh ohcr cr c fu fusë së`` ln k`zdhacs ln ldfnrnht rn htns ns `r `rdo donh nhs. s. U` U`r r nxni nx nipb pb`: `: Fu Fusë së`` lc k`zd k` zdha hacc jc jcp` p`hn hnsc sc k`i k` i c gr grcs csdbdbnd ndrc rc
[nbf-[nrvdkn
. Ä ui rn rnsstcu curc rcht htnn ln "c "cut ut`s `ssn snrv rvdï dï` `", `u snj njc c, ` sn snrv rvdï dï` ` ä css ssui uidl dl`` qu qucs csnn qu qunn t` t`ttcb cbin inht htnn pnb` kbdn dnh htn. [urodu pcrc ct ctnh nhln lnrr c hn hnkn knss ssdl dlcl cln n ln ui uic c cb cbdi dinh nhttcï cïë` ë` vc vcrd rdcl clcc n rã rãppdlc, k`i c dh dhtn tnhï hïë` ë` ln rn rnlu luzd zdrr ku kust st`s `s n, k` k`hs hsnq nqòn ònht htni ninh nhtn tn,, rn rnlu luzd zdrr pr prnï nï`s `s.. [n u kc r lã p d ` ä i u d t` vc r d c l ` n c fd l nb d lc ln ä o r c hl n, p `r ct nh ln r c u ic k b d n ht nb c rnod`hcbdzclc. Vds dsc, c, prd rdhhkd kdppcb cbin inht htn, n, c` kb kbdn dnh htn qu qun n p` p`ss ssud ud bdbdid idttcïë ïë` ` ln tnip ip`` n/` /`uu ln `r `rïc ïcin inht ht`` pcrc sucs su cs rn rnfn fndï dïþn þns, s, p` p`ln lnhl hl`` sn snrr nh nhk` k`ht htrc rcl` l` h` h`ss kn knht htr` r`ss k` k`in inrk rkdc dcds ds `u ni b` b`kc kcbdbdlc lcln lnss k` k`i i or orch ch-ln fbfbux ux` ` ln tu turd rdst stcs cs.. Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
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Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
[uc `rochdzcïë` rnspndtc ui "fbux` `grdoctûrd`", p`ds ` kbdnhtn snoun ui pnrkurs` präpr ä-ln lnfdfdhd hdl` l` pcr crcc sn snrv rvdr dr-s -sn n l` l`ss pr prct ct`s `s nx nxp` p`st st`s `s.. @ fbfbux ux` ` ä ln lnfdfdhd hdl` l` pn pnbc bc cp cprn rnsn snht htcï cïë` ë` lc lcss pr prnnpcrcï pc rcïþns þns ni uic sn snqu quêh êhkd kdc c sn snoi oinh nhttcl clc c p` p`rr tdtdp` p` (p (prc rct` t`ss fr frd` d`s, s, qu qunh nhtn tns, s, s` s`gr grni nins nscs cs nt ntk) k).. Ctä ` dhékd` ln 3445, prnl`idhcrci `s rnstcurchtns snbf-snrvdkn k`i prnï` fdx` p`r pnss`c, dhlnpnhlnhtninhtn l` húinr` ln vnzns qun nstc f`ssn ctä ` gcbk bkëë` ln nxp`sdïë` l`ss cb l` cbdi dinh nht` t`ss `u lc qu quch chtdtdlc lcln ln qu qun n k` k`hs hsui uids dssn sn.. Ni sn snou oudl dlc, c, su suro rodu du ` sd sdst stni nic c ln pco coci cinh nht` t` pn pnb` b` pn pns` s`,, k` k`ha hank nkdl dl`` k` k`i` i` "r "rns nsttcu curc rcht htnn p` p`r r qudbdb`" qu `".. Hn Hnbn bn,, ` kb kbdn dnht htnn pn pnsc sc sn snu u pr prct ct`, `, pc pcoc oc ` vc vcb` b`rr k` k`rr rrns nsp` p`hl hlnh nhtn tn c` pns ns`` ln su succ cb cbdi dinnht htccïë ïë`` n guskc ui cssnht`. Nssn crrchj` tni ` dhtudt` ln nvdtcr `u idhdidzcr cs fdbcs hcs a`rcs ln orch or chln ln i` i`vd vdin inht ht`. `. \`l `lcv cvdc dc,, ä pr prct ctdk dkci cinh nhtn tn di dip` p`ss ssév évnb nb nv nvdtdtãã-bc bcs, s, h` gc gcbk bkë` ë` n h` kc kcdx dxc. c. Aã, tc Aã, tcig igäi äi,, rn rnst stcu curc rcht htns ns qu qun n së së` ` id idst st`s `s,, ds dst` t` ä, qu qun n id idst stur urci ci cs kc kcrc rckt ktnr nrés éstdtdkc kcss ln ic icds ds ln ui tdp`. Cbäi Cb äi ln rn rnst stcu curc rcht htns ns cg cgnr nrt` t`ss c` pú púgb gbdk dk` ` ni on onrc rcb,b, nx nxds dstn tni i rn rnst stcu curc rcht htns ns fn fnka kacl cl`s `s,, b` b`kc kc-bdbdzc zcl` l`ss ni ãr ãrnc ncss dh dhtn tnrh rhcs cs ln a` a`tä täds ds,, kb kbug ugns ns,, ns nsk` k`bc bcs, s, a` a`sp spdtdtcd cds, s, iu iusn snus us,, ni nipr prns nscs cs nt ntk. k. Ns Nstn tnss snou sn ouni ni h` h`ri rics cs pr prûp ûprd rdcs cs,, ic icss p` p`ln lni i tci cigä gäi i sn snrr nh nhk` k`ht htrc rcl` l`ss ni cb cbou ouhs hs ln lnss ssns ns ld ldfn fnrn rnht htns ns tdtdp` p`ss cq cqud ud kd kdtc tcl` l`s. s. H` Kcln lnrh` rh` ln Ch` Ch`tc tcïþn ïþnss (;) kbc kbcssd ssdfdq fdqun un `s rn rnst stc curc urchtn htnss qun v`k v`kê ê k`h k`han ankn kn.. Unsq squds udsn n, h` sn snu u gc gcdrr drr`, `, kdl kdlc cln `u rn rnod odë ë`, quc qucds ds së së` ` `s tdp tdp`s `s ln rn rnst stc cur urc cht htn ns qu qun n nxdstni. Ur`k Ur `kur urnn vds dsdtdtccr l`d `dss `u tr três ês lns nssn snss rn rnsstcu curc rcht htn ns n ln lnsk skrn rnvc vc-` -`ss h` sn snuu Kclnrh` 0 ln Ch` Ch`tc tcïþn ïþnss (<) Chtns Ch tns ln scd scdrr pcrc vd vdsd sdtcr tcr `s rns rnstcur tcurcht chtns, ns, hë` sn nsq nsqunï unïc c ln nspnkdfdk kd fdkc cr ` qu qun n sn snrdc rdc dh dhtn tnrn rnss ssc cht htn n `g `gsn snrv rvc cr, pcrc dl dln nht htdfd dfdkc kcrr `h `hln ln sn nhkc hkcddxc.. @gs xc gsn nrv rvn n ` td tdp` p` ln cig igdn dnht htn n, ln kc kcrl rlã ãpd pd`, `, ln sn snrv rvdï dï` ` ntk tk.. V`kê `gs `gsn nrv` rv`u u quc qucht` ht`ss tdp tdp`s `s ldf ldfn nrn rnhtn htnss ln rn rnst stc curc urchtn htnss nxds xdstn tni0 i0 Nsk skrn rnvc vc h` sn snu u Kcln lnrh rh` ` ln Ch Ch`t `tc cïþ ïþn ns (>) ni qu quc cb ln lnbn bnss v` v`kê kê o` o`sstcrdc tc rdc ln trc trcgc gcbac bacr. r.
@WOCH @W OCHDZ DZCÏË@ CÏË@ LC K@ K@ZD ZDHA HAC C Co`rcc qu Co`r qun n v` v`kê kê k` k`ha hank nkn n `s tdtdp` p`ss ln rn rnst stcu curc rcht htns ns ic icds ds k` k`iu iuhs hs,, vc vci` i`ss vn vnr r k`i `i`` së së`` `ro roch chdz dzc clc lcss cs k`z `zdh dhac acs, s, p`d `ds, s, cfdfdhhcb cb,, ä bã qu qunn trc rcg gcb cba ac ` k` k`zd zdh han andr dr` `. V`kê jã nhtr` r`u u ni uic k`zdhac ln K ` z d h a c l ` iä s t d k c rnfn rn fnrn rn-s -sn n å k` k`zd zdha hacc lc ui orchln rnstcurchtn0 Vnjc cs f`t`s c h`ss h` ssc c kc kcsc sc n K` K`zd zdha hacc snou sn oudr dr n pn pnhs hsnn hc hcss ld ldfn fnrn rnhï hïcs cs nxd xdsstn tnht htns ns K ` i n r k d c b ä c q un b c qun qu n ctn ctnhl hlnn rns rnstc tcurc urchhnhtrn ui uicc k` k`zd zdha hac c l` l`iä iäst stdk dkc c n ui c tns, gcrns n `utr`s nstcgnbnkdinht`s k`zdha k`z dhacc k`i k`inrk nrkdcb dcb.. k`inrkdcds.
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
33
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Dicodh Dico dhnn k` k`i` i` ä k` k`ip ipbn bnx` x` trc rcg gcba bac cr ni uic k`zdhac ln ui or orch chln ln rn rnst stcu curc rcht htn. n. Wnodstrn sucs dlndcs s`grn cs ldfnrnhïcs nht htrn rn c k`z `zdh dha ac l`i `iäs ästdtdkkc n c k` k`in inrkd rkdcb cb h` sn snuu Kcln lnrh` rh` ln Ch Ch`t `tc cïþ ïþn ns (6) . Vci ci`s `s vn vnrr qu qucd cdss `s pr pr`f `fds dssd sd`h `hcd cdss qu qun n p` p`ln lni i k` k`ip ip`r `r cs nq nqud udpn pnss qu qunn ct ctuc uci i ni k` k`zd zdha hacs cs k`inrkdcds.
@roc rochdz hdzc cïë ïë` ` lc k`z k`zdhac dhac \rc rcttc-s -snn ln nqu qudp dpnn ln pr pr`f `fds dssd sd`h `hcd cdss, qu qucb cbdfdfdk dkcl cl` `s `u hë` ë`,, qu qun n pr pr`l `luz uzni ni n snr nrvvni `s cbdbd-inht in ht`s `s,, tr trcg cgcb cbac achl hl`` s` s`gg c ld ldrn rnïë ïë` ` ln ui k` k`zd zdha hand ndr` r` bébéln lnrr. C ld ldin inhs hsë` ë` lc grd rdoocl clcc n cs fuh uhïþ ïþns ns ln snu nuss k`i `ip` p`h hnh nhttns lnp npnh nhln lni i ln fct` t`rn rnss k`i `i`: `: tdtdp` p` ln ns nstc tcgn gnbn bnkd kdin inht ht`, `, a` a`rã rãrd rd` ` ln fu fuhk hkd` d`hc hcin inht ht` ` n kc kcrc rckt ktnr nrés éstdtdkc kcss lc lcss dh dhst stcb cbcï cïþn þns. s. @ `roch`orcic n cs fuhïþns nxdstnhtns ln lnpn pnhl hlni ni lc ld ldin inhs hsë` ë` l` rnstcurchtn. Sucht` icd` d`rr ` nstcgnbn bnkkdi dinnht`, ic icd` d`rr sn snrã rã ` hé hévn vnbb ln ns nspn pnkd kdcb cbdz dzcï cïë` ë` ln sn snu u qu qucl clr` r` ln fu fuhk hkd` d`hã hãrd rd`s `s.. Vnjc, c snoudr, `s kcro`s, ctrdgudï dïþ þns n rnqudsdt`s nxdodl`s l` pnss`cb ni uic k`zdhac ln cb cbtc tc k` k`ip ipbn bnxd xdlc lcln ln:: •
K`zdhandr` Bélnr `u K`zdhandr` Kanfn
Ä ` k`zdhandr` rnsp`hsãvnb pnbc supnrvdsë` n ldrnïë` l` pnss`cb, pbchnjcinht` n `rochdzcïë` l` trcgcba` lc k`zdhac, ni fuhïë` lcs ctdvdlclns l` nstcgnbnkdinht`, prnvdsë` n k`htr`bn ln Guffnt ä uic nst`quns nst` quns,, k`hsnrvcïë`, k`hsnrvcïë`, pr`luïë`/ pr`luïë`/nbcg`rcïë nbcg`rcïë`/prnpcr` `/prnpcr` n cprnsnhtc- pcbcvrc frchknsc qun sdohdfdkc insc ïë` l`s cbdinht`s. pcrc snrvdr cbdinh\cigäi ä rnsp`hsãvnb pnbc krdcïë` ln h`vcs rnkndtcs pcrc t`s n gngdlcs. ` kcrlãpd` n supnrvdsd`hcr c `rochdzcïë` n c i`htconi lcs inscs ln guffnt. Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
37
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Ucrc snr k`zdhandr` bélnr, `s orchlns rnstcurchtns, h`ricbinhtn, nxdoni nhsdh` iäld` k`ipbnt`, f`ricïë` n nxpnrdêhkdc pr`fdssd`hcb, kcpckdlcln ln `rochdzcïë`, g`i rnbckd`hcinht`, dhdkdctdvc n bdlnrchïc, cbäi ln nxpnrdêhkdc ni trndhcinht` ln pnss`cb.
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Urdindr` Urdin dr` K`z K`zdhandr` dhandr`
Ä ` k`zdhandr` icds k`ipbnt` ni uic grdoclc ln k`zdhac, k`i kcpckdlcln pcrc sugstdtudr ` k`zdhandr` bélnr n `s kanfns ln pcrtdlc lurchtn sucs f`bocs n färdcs. U`ln tcigäi snr ` rnsp`hsãvnb ni k`zdhacs pnqunhcs `u iäldcs. Nhtrn sucs fuhïþns lnvn supnrvdsd`hcr, cssdstdr n trndhcr ` pnss`cb lurchtn ` trcgcba`= nbcg`rcr,, juht` k`i ` kanfn ln k`zdhac, inhus n kcrlãpd`s= supnrvdsd`hcr pr`knss`s ln g`rcr k`iprcs n c adodnhn l`s b`kcds ln trcgcba`= prnpcrcr c k`zdhac pcrc ` dhékd` lcs ctdvdlclns n fnkacr ` snrvdï` ln k`zdhac. Ucrc snr ` prdindr` k`zdhandr`, `s orchlns rnstcurchtns k`stuici nxdodr `s insi`s rnqudsdt`s ln ui k`zdhandr` bélnr. •
K`zdhandr` Ocrln-ichonr
Ä ` k`zdhandr` nspnkdcbdzcl` ni prct`s frd`s, hc prnpcrcïë` ln kacrkutcrdcs kacrkutcrdcs,, scbclcs, i`ba`s frd`s, h` rncpr`vndtcinht` l`s cbdinht`s k`zdl`s n h`s k`rtns ln kcrOcrln-ichonr ä hns. uic pcbcvrc qun Ä rnsp`hsãvnb pnb` snt`r ln prnpcrcïë` dhdkdcb l`s oêhnr`s cbdinhtékd`s n pnbc k`hsnrvcïë` l`s cbdinht`s f`rc l` cbi`xcrdfcl`. U`r dss` c rnbcïë` k`i ` tnri` oucrlc lc k`idlc. Lnbn lnpnhln, ni orchln pcrtn, ` bukr` `u ` prnjuéz` lc k`zdhac.
sdohdfdkc ‒oucrlc lc k`idlc’.
Nhtrn sucs tcrnfcs nhk`htrci-sn bdipcr, k`rtcr, k`rtcr, prnpcrcr n prnsnrvcr k`instévnds (kcrhns, pndxns, bnouins), k`hsnrvchl`-`s pcrc ` k`zdinht`= k`rtcr n lns`sscr orchlns pnïcs ln kcrhn= prnpcrcr onbctdhcs, rnkand`s n i`ba`s= prnpcrcr schluékans, kchcpäs n sdidbcrns= i`htcr scbclcs n prct`s frd`s= i`htcr c kacrkutcrdcs rnfnrn-sn ås kcrhns insc ln guffnt. Nhsdh` iäld`, nxpnrdêhkdc k`i` k`zdhandr k`zdhandr`, `, bdlnrchïc, g`i rnbckd`hcinht` n nxpnrdêhkdc ni trndhcinht` ln pnss`cb, tcigäi së` rnqudsdt`s h`ricbinhtn nxdodl`s pcrc k`htrctcïë` lnstn pr`fdssd`hcb. Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
3;
ln p`rk` p`rk` k`i knrt`s knrt`s prnpcr`s, cldïë` ln nspnkdcrdcs hc inldlc knrtc, bdhoudïcs n scbcins
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
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K`zdhandr` Nhtrnintdnr Nhtrnintdnr ä uic pcbcvrc
Ä ` k`zdhandr` qun prnpcrc krnins, kcbl`s, pr`luïþns c gcsn ln `v`s, frutcs k`zdlcs, s`rvntns, inrnhouns, icsscs l`kns n bnouins, nxknt` bnouins frdt`s n csscl`s. U`ln t`rhcr-sn ui l`s nbninht`s icds s`grnkcrrnocl`s ln uic grdoclc ln k`zdhac, hnknssdtchl` hnknssdtchl` k`hanknr cs täkhdkcs gãsdkcs ln trcgcba` n `s iät`l`s ln k`kïë`.
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frchknsc qun sdohdfdkc oucrhdïþns. H` v`kcgubãrd` täkhdk` l` K`zdhandr`, oucrhdïë` ä uic prnpcrcïë` kubdhãrdc qun sn usc h` crrchj` ln ui prct` `u h` snu ck`ipchacinht`
K`zdhandr` Wütdssnur
Wütdssnur
Ä ` k`zdhandr` nspnkdcbdzcl` hc pr`luïë` l`s prct`s csscl`s h` f`rh`, h` nspnt`, hc ornbac. Ni cbouhs nstcgnbnkdinht`s tcigäi ä rnsp`hsãvnb pnbcs frdturcs, cbdinht`s ni scbi`urc, n pnbc cprnsnhtcïë` lnssns prct`s.
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K`zdhandr` U`dss`hhdárn
Ä ` k`zdhandr` nspnkdcbdzcl` h` prnpcr` ln pndxns ln ãouc l`kn n scboclc. Ä rnsp`hsãvnb p`r lns`sscr, tnipnrcr, ornbacr, csscr, k`znr, prnpcrcr i`ba`s, i`htcr n lnk`rcr prct`s.
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(pr`huhkdc-sn r`tdssä r`t dssär) r) ä uic uic pcbcvrc frchknsc qun sdohdfdkc csscl`s n ornbacl`s
U`dss`hhdárn (pr`huhkdc-sn ‒p`css`hdär’ ) ä
uic pcbcvrc frchknsc qun sdohdfdkc pndxndr`.
K`hfndtndr` K`hfn dtndr` `u Uctdssdnr
C k`hfndtcrdc k`hfndtcrdc ä snt`r dhlnpnhlnhtn, dhlnpnhlnhtn, qun rnqunr ui hévnb ln nspnkdcbdzcïë` n nhv`bvn cs snoudhtns tcrnfcs ln nxnkuïë`: prnpcrcr cs ldvnrscs nspäkdns ln icsscs l`kns= i`lnbcr, i`htcr, rnkancr n csscr icsscs ln k`hfndtcrdc n ln k`zdhac= prnpcrcr rnkand`s, krn- Uçtdssdnr (pr`huhkdc-sn pctdssdê) ins, k`gnrturcs ln k`hfndtcrdc, lnrdvcl`s ln cïúkcr, l`kns kcsndr`s, icsscs ln s`rvntns n g`b`s= k`grdr, cgrdbachtcr cgrdbachtcr n lnk`rcr `s ä uic pcbcvrc frchknsc sdohdfdkc pcstnbndr`, pr`lut`s ln k`hfndtcrdc= i`htcr ` guffnt ln s`grninscs. Ni qun ics h` v`kcgubãrd` täkcbouhs nstcgnbnkdinht`s tcigäi ä rnsp`hsãvnb pnbc prnpchdk` ln k`zdhac ä ` insi` qun k`hfndtndr`. rcïë` n fdhcbdzcïë` ln scbocl`s. Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
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Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Cj ul ulcht chtn n ln l n K`zdh K` zdhac ac
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Cssdstn `s k`zdhandr`s, lnsnipnhachl` cs tcrnfcs icds sdipbns ln bdipnzc n prnpcrcïë` ln cbdinht` cbdinht`ss k`i`: bdipcr, k`rtcr, k`rtcr, lnskcskcr, t`rhncr, kdhznbcr, pdkcr bnouins, vnrlurcs vnrlurc s n frutcs, k`rtcr frd`s, pr`lut`s ln kacrkutcrdc n `utr`s k`instévnds= bdipcr, k`rtcr, lns`sscr n k`hsnrvcr kcrhns, pndxns n cvns, prnpcrchl`-`s pcrc ` k`zdinht`= ichtnr c bdipnzc l` b`kcb, l`s iûvnds n l`s nqudpcinht`s ln trcgcba`. Ä k`iui qun ui pr`fdssd`hcb ln k`zdhac dhdkdn sucs ctdvdlclns k`i` cjulchtn, p`ds sucs fuhïþns nxdoni inh`r hévnb ln qucbdfdkcïë`, nig`rc hë` ldspnhsn g`c f`ricïë` pr`fdssd`hcb. Ucrc ctucr k`i` cjulchtn, `s rnstcurchtns k`stuici nxdodr nxpnrdêhkdc ln 3 ch` hc fuhïë` n nhsdh` fuhlcinht fuhlcinhtcb. cb.
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Unë` ln K`zdhac
@ pnë` ln k`zdhac lnsnipnhac ctdvdlclns ln bdipnzc, bcvconi n p`ln sugstdtudr ` cjulchtn ln k`zdhac. \ni k`i` tcrnfcs acgdtucds ichtnr c bdipnzc ln iûvnds, nqudpcinht`s, utnhsébd`s n b`kcds ln trcgcba`= bcvcr b`uïcs, tcbanrns n gcdxnbcs. Ucrc nstc fuhïë` hë` k`stuic snr rnqudsdtclc f`ricïë` icds nspnkdcbdzclc. B`odkcinhtn ui quclr` qun k`htn k`i t`l`s nstns pr`fdssd`hcds ä prdvdbäod` ln uic k`zdhac ln iäld` n orchln p`rtn. Wnstcurchtns pnqunh`s p`ssuni uic nstruturc gni icds nhxutc, hc qucb, ni cbouhs kcs`s, ui pr`fdssd`hcb nxnrkn cs icds ldfnrnhtns fuhïþns. Vnjc ` lnp`dinht` ln cbouhs k`zdhandr`s s`grn ` trcgcba` qun rncbdzci h` rnstcurchtn `hln prnstci snrvdï`s.
Inu h`in ä J`ë` Unlr`. [`u k`zdhandr` bélnr ni ui orchln rnstcurchtn, rnk`hankdl` rnk`hankdl` pnbc s`fdstdkcïë`. \rcgcba` hnstc fuhïë` aã > ch`s, ics nst`u h` rci` aã icds ln 7> ch`s. K`inknd ni ui rnstcurchtn pnqunh`, k`i` cjulchtn ln k`zdhac. Bã ärci`s nu n ui k`zdhandr` qun nxnkutcvc t`lcs cs ctdvdlclns, k`i nxknïë` lcqunbcs prûprdcs l` cjulchtn. Gctcband iudt` h` trcgcba` n tcigäi fdz vãrd`s kurs`s, k`inïchl` k`i ui Gãsdk` ln K`zdhac. Hnstc ãrnc ä dip`rtchtn nstcr sniprn ctucbdzcl`.
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
3>
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Inu h`in ä J`ykn. [`u k`zdhandrc nhtrnintdnr n trcgcba` h` rnstcurchtn ln ui a`tnb kdhk` nstrnbcs. Bã c k`zdhac hë` pcrc, ä ui k`rrn-k`rrn n tul` prnkdsc snr fndt` k`i iudtc ctnhïë` n kcprdka`. Suchl` tnridhc ` pbchtë`, nstci`s sniprn kchscl`s, ics iudt` sctdsfndt`s, p`ds `s prct`s qun prnpcrci`s së` rnk`hankdl`s k`i` `s inba`rns, quchl` k`ipcrcl`s c`s ln qucbqunr `utr` a`tnb lc insic kctno`rdc.
Inu h`in ä Kcrb`s, icds k`hankdl` k`i` Kcrbë`. [`u cjulchtn ln k`zdhac ni ui rnstcurchtn nspnkdcbdzcl` ni pndxns n frut`s l` icr. K`inknd hnstc pr`fdssë` aã 53 ch` n o`st` l` qun fcï`, ics nst`u in nsf`rïchl` iudt`, p`ds prntnhl` in nspnkdcbdzcr n ni grnvn in t`rhcr ui K`zdhandr` U`dss`hhdárn
Vnjc, tcigäi, cbouics kurd`sdlclns s`grn c cbtc ocstr`h`idc: Nrdkm Jcqudh, l` Bc Grcssnrdn Nrdkm Jcqudh, vnhknl`r l` K`hkurs` Kanf l` Ch` 755?/7551, pr`i`vdl` pnbc Wnvdstc Vnjc [ë` Ucub` @ pbnh` l`iéhd` lc täkhdkc, c lnv`ïë` c`s kbãssdk`s frchknsns rnh`vcl`s n uic l`sn ln `uscldc së` ` trdpä ni qun sn fuhlcinhtc c vdtûrdc ln Nrdkm Jckqudh, kanf l` ch` pnbc snouhlc vnz. [ni inl` ln nrrcr nssn frchkês ln <7 ch`s, tnipnrcinhtcb n iudt` nxdonhtn k`i suc nqudpn, fcz ui trcgcba` ln cut`r. Jcqudh `roubac-sn ln snr ui l`s dhtr`lut`rns l` pntdt oçtncu hc kdlcln. Suchl` hë` nstã h` trcgcba`, nbn pcssndc k`i ` fdba` úhdk`, Nl`ucrl, ln 4 ch`s, `u scd pnbc kdlcln c lnv`rcr pntdsk`s ln g`tnqudi, qun ban rnhlnrci 33< qudb`s ldstrdgué ldstrdguél`s l`s ni 3,?1 intr`s ln cbturc. '[`u ui frchkês ln k`rcïë` grcsdbndr`', ldz nbn.
Chlräc Mcufichh Mcufichh,, l` CM Lnbdkctnssnh Lnbdkctnssnh,, vnhknl`rc l` K`hkurs` Kanf Wnvnbcïë` 755?/7551, pr`i`vdl` pnbc Wnvdstc Vnjc [ë` Ucub` Ni hnhauic lcs três nbndïþns chtnrd`rns ln kanf nstrnchtn, ` rnk`hankdinht` l` lnsnipnha` f`d të` rãpdl` qucht` ` ln Chlräc Mcufichh. C k`zdhandrc ln ;5 ch`s k`hsnoudu c pr`nzc ln rnnstdbdzcr k`i kbcssn c kubdhãrdc julcdkc, qun snoun rnorcs idbnhcrns ln prnpcrcïë` n crrcdocl`s prnkndt`s rnbdod`s`s. ][nusY iärdt`s sn cipbdci c` dicodhcr qun c prdindrc nsk`bac pr`fdssd`hcb ln Chlräc f`d c pugbdkdlcln. Dhspdrclc pnbcs cvûs, pnbc s`orc n pnbc iën, nbc sniprn s`ha`u snr k`zdhandrc. Ckcg`u lndxchl` ` iuhl` lcs coêhkdcs. Cknrt`u ni kand` c` tr`kcr ln pr`fdssë`.
\nxt` nxtrcél` lc Wnvdstc Vnjc [ë` Ucub` -Oudc
755?/7551. @ inba`r lc Kdlcln: K`inr & Gngnr. [ë`
755?/7551. @ inba`r lc Kdlcln: K`inr & Gngnr [ë` Ucub`: Nl. Cgrdb, 76/54/755?.
Ucub`: Nl. Cgrdb, 76/54/755?.
\nxt` nxtrcél` lc Wnvdstc Vnjc [ë` Ucub` - Oudc
Co`rc qun v`kê jã rnk`hankn quni së` `s pr`fdssd`hcds qun ctuci ni uic grdoclc ln k`zdhac, ä dip`rtchtn qun `s k`hanïc pnss`cbinhtn n scdgc ui p`uk` s`grn sucs ctdvdlclns. Ur`kurn ni suc rnodë` l`ds `u três k`zdhandr`s. Wnodstrn h` snu Kclnrh` ln Ch`tcïþns (?) `s cspnkt`s s`grn nssns k`zdhandr`s qun v`kê o`stcrdc ln nxpb`rcr. • K`i` v`kê k`hsnoudu nssn trcgcba`0 • Sucds ctdvdlclns v`kê rncbdzc0 • Sucb snu nsqunic ln trcgcba` (a`rãrd`s, pbchtþns, f`bocs ntk.) n rniuhnrcïë`0 • K`i` ä ` rnstcurchtn h` qucb v`kê ctuc, k`i` fuhkd`hc, k`i` ä ` kcrlãpd` n k`i` nstã ldvdldlc c nqudpn ln trcgcba`0 Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
36
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Vnjc sn v`kê pnhs`u ni bans fcz f cznr nr tcigäi cs snoudh tns pnrouhtcs: pnrou htcs: Wnodstrn, h` snu Kclnrh` ln Ch`tcïþns (1) , cs dhf`ricïþns qun `gtnvn.
0
Vnrdfdqun hc suc rnodë`, qun tdp` ln pr`fdssd`hcb `s rnstcurchtns niprnoci pcrc ctucr hc k`zdhac n ` qun k`stuici nxdodr pcrc k`htrctcïë`. Dhvnstdoun `s k`hankdinht`s, acgdbdlclns n ctdtulns qun së` dip`rtchtns pcrc ctucr k`i` K`zdhandr`, rnodstrn h` snu Kclnrh` Kc lnrh` ln Ch`tcïþns (4 (4)) n... ië`s å `grc!
^\NH[ÉBD@[ N NS^DUCINH\@[ LN K@ZDHAC
Fcbchl` ni ië`s å `grc, v`kê scgn ` qun ui K`zdha K`z dhandr` ndr` lnvn tnr ni ië`s pcrc dr å `gr c0
[di, nstci`s fcbchl` ln utnhsébd`s n nqudpcinht`s ln k`zdh ac.
Unhsn hc k`zdhac lc suc kcsc n bdstn bd stn h` snu Kclnrh` ln Ch`tcïþns (35) 35 dtnhs qun v`kê p`ssud bã... [n v`kê bdst`u tcbanrns, prct`s n pchnbcs, p`r nxnipb`, v`kê nstã sn rnfnrdhl` c`s utnhsébd`s. Jã ` f`rh`, bdqudldfdkcl`r, bdqudldfdkcl`r, gctnlndrc, nstë` hc bdstc l`s nqudpcinht`s. Vci`s vnr, nhtë`, qucds së` `s utnhsébd`s n `s nqudpcinht`s utdbdzcl`s ni uic k`zdhac pr`fdssd`hcb
^\NH[ÉBD@[ LN K@ZDHAC • Kutnbcrdc Hc kutnbcrdc nhk`htrci`s, icds k`iuinhtn, três tdp`s ln fd`s: • Bds`: ln us` us` onrcb onrcb • [nrrdbacl`: uscl` uscl` pcrc fckdbdtcr ` k`rtn ln cbdinht`s ln cbtc lnhsdlcln, p`ln snr: - lnhtcl` - fckc pcrc k`honbcl`s= - snrrdbacl` fdh` fdh` - fckc fckc pcrc kaurrcsk`= kaurrcsk`= - snrrdbacl` iäld` - fckc pcrc frutcs= - `hlubcl` - fckc pcrc pëns. • Idkr` Idkr`ssnrr ssnrrdbacl dbacl`: `: uscl` uscl` pcrc pcrc k`rtns k`rtns ln pëns, pëns, g`b`s, icsscs f`baclcs ntk. Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
3?
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Fckc ln @fékd`: @fékd` :
Bçidhc nstrndtc n réodlc, ln ? ki (?5 ii) c 33 ki (335 ii), dhldkclc pcrc lnskcrkcr n t`rhncr `s bnouins.
Fckc ln k`zdhac `u l` kanfn:
Bçidhc bcroc, réodlc n or`ssc, ln 7> ki c ;5 ki, dhldkclc pcrc bdipnzc ln kcrhns, cvns n pdkcl`s iudt` idúl`s.
Fckc Fc kc pcrc bnouins n fru tcs:
Bçidhc kurtc n rntc, dhldkclc pcrc k`rtcr n bdipcr bnouins n frutcs, lnhtrn `utrcs p`ssdgdbdlclns ln us`.
Fckc pcrc kcrhn:
Bçidhc dlncb pcrc bdipcr n ldvdldr c kcrhn ni p`rïþns, fckc bnvn n prãtdkc.
Fckc pcrc trdhkacr:
Bçidhcs icds bcrocs `u fdhcs, pr`luzdlcs c pcrtdr ln 75 ki, usclcs ni k`hjuht` k`i ui ocrf` trdhkachtn, pcrc k`rtns fdh`s.
Fckc pcrc susad / scsadid:
Bçidhc nspnkdcb, lnsgcstclc n kachfrclc s`inhtn ln ui bcl`, k`i ` fd` ln prnkdsë` pcrc prnpcrcr prct`s `rdnhtcds.
Fckc ln k`zdhac:
Bçidhc icds `u inh`s nstrndtc n fbnxévnb, ln ;5 ki c ;> ki, dhldkclc pcrc fctdcr pnïcs orchlns ln kcrhn cssclc (ocl`, p`rk` ntk.), p`stcs ln pndxns rnl`hl`s csscl`s (scbië`, l`urcl` ntk).
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
Fckc pcrc pdkcr:
Bçidhc bcroc k`i p`htc fdhc (nhtrn 1 n 37 ii) fcz k`rtns pr`fuhl`s sni r`ipnr cs fdgrcs, pnrfndtc pcrc trcgcba`s k`i prnkdsë`.
31
Fckc ln pë`:
Bçidhc nstrndtc, réodlc n lnhtclc, ln 75 ki c 7> ki, dhldkclc pcrc k`rtcr n fctdcr t`l` tdp` ln pë`.
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
@s i`lnb`s icds uscl`s hc k`zdhac së`: Fckc pcrc pcrc bdi pcr:
Bçidhc nstrndtc n fbnxévnb, ln 3> ki c 75 ki, dhldkclc pcrc rntdrcr hnrv`s, o`rlurcs, cp`hnvr`sns lcs kcrhns ln ocl`, p`rk`, `vnbac ntk.
Kutnb`:
Fckc pcrc lns`sscr: Bçidhc nstrndtc n réodlc, ln 3< ki c 31 ki, dhldkclc pcrc lns`sscr pnïcs ln kcrhn kruc.
Bçidhc bcroc, réodlc, k`i `u sni p`htc ln bcrourc vcrdclc, dhldkclc pcrc k`rtcr kcrtdbconhs, `ss`s pnqunh`s ln kcrhns ni onrcb (p`rk`, `vnbac, kcgrdt`), cvns, pndxns rnl`hl`s.
Cs fckcs, `grdoct`rdcinhtn, lnvni tnr kcg`s ln fãkdb adodnhn.
Kacdrc nstrdclc:
Dhstruinht` ln cfdcïë` ln ;5 ki, dhldkcl` pcrc ichtnr, ci`bcr n cfdcr cs bçidhcs lcs fckcs.
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
Ocrf` ln l` ds l nhtns (ldcpcsë`): (ldcpcsë`): K`i lnhtns ln p`htcs gni fdhcs n réodlcs n ln k`iprdinht` vcrdcl` ä dhldkcl` pcrc vdrcr pnïcs qun p`ssci snr pnrfurclcs.
34
Nspãtubcs pcrc `s icds vcrdcl`s fdhs:
Bçidhcs nstrndtcs, bcrocs, réodlcs, fbnxévnds, kurtcs `u k`iprdlcs k`hf`rin snu us`. U`lni snr ln k`hfndtndr`, ln ichtndoc, ln acigúrounr ntk.
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Nskuiclndrcs
K`htäi ui ldsk` ln cbuiéhd` k`i fur`s n p`ssuni kcg` b`ho`, dhldkclcs pcrc rntdrcr nspuic n dhornldnhtns l`s kcbl`s ln k`zdhac.
K`hkacs: Ni f`rict` kühkcv` k`hstdtuélcs ni cbuiéhd`, së` dhldkclcs pcrc trchsp`rtcr n tdrcr p`rïþns ln kcbl`s, i`ba`s n fuhl`s.
Cicss Ci css cl` cl`r r
Idhd-rcbcl`r
K`i f`rict` ln uic prnhsc ä k`hstdtuél` ln cbuiéhd` n dhldkcl` pcrc cicsscr tugärkub`s n bnouins k`zdl`s.
Lnskcskcl`r ln bnouins n frut cs
K`hstdtuél` ln bçidhcs intãbdkcs ä dhldkcl` pcrc lnskcskcr frutcs n bnouins.
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
K`i f`rict` rntchoubcr, k`hstdtuél` ln cï` k`i idhd-fur`s, ä dhldkcl` pcrc rcbcr h`z-i`skclc n rcézns lurcs.
Lnskcr`ïcl`r ln knrnjcs n czndt`hcs:
K`hstdtuél` ln intcb ni f`rict` ln ui cbdkctn k`i uic gcsn crrnl`hlclc huic lcs p`htcs n ui pdh` hc `utrc, ä dhldkcl` pcrc nxtrcïë` ln kcr`ï`s.
75
K`banr ln crr`z K`i f`rict` `vcb n kcg`, ä k`hstdtuélc ni cï` n dhldkclc pcrc snrvdr crr`z.
Wcbcl`r k`i quctr` fckns Wcbcl`r K`hstdtuél` ln bçidhcs intãbdkcs krdvclcs ln `rdfékd`s k`i rng`rl`s crrngdt crrn gdtcl` cl`ss ä dhl dhldkcl dkcl`` pcrc rcbcr rcbcr or`ss`, fdh`, k`rtcr tdrcs fdhcs n bçidhcs.
Nsprninl`r Nsprnin l`r ln suk`:
K`hstdtuél` ln cbuiéhd` k`i ` k`rp` nxtnrh` kdbéhlrdk` n cgnrturc hc nxtrnidlcln, k`htnhl` uic pnïc nspnkdcb pcrc nxtrcïë` l` suk`, ä dhldkcl` pcrc `gtnr ` suk` ln frutcs kétrdkcs.
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
K`rtcl`r ln `v`s (ni fctdcs `u ni tcba clcs) clcs)::
Ni f`rict` `vcb, k`hstdtuél` ln pbãstdk` n k`htnhl` fd` ln cï`, ä dhldkcl` pcrc k`rtcr `v`s k`zdl`s n lnskcskcl`s. U`ln snr nhk`htrcl` ni l`ds i`lnb`s: ` qun k`rtc `s `v`s ni r`lnbcs fdhcs `u ` qun k`rtc ni f`rict` ln indc-buc.
Udhkäds (hcs icds vcrdclcs bcrourcs):
K`hstdtuél`s p`r tug` ln fdgrc fdxcl` hc nxtrnidlcln ln ui kcg`, së` dhldkcl`s pcrc pdhknbcr `s cbdinht`s k`i` ichtndoc, onbädc, onics, pr`p`rkd`hchl` ui ckcgcinht` k`i grdba` `u l`urcl`.
Gctnl`r ln kcrhn:
K`i f`rict` ln uic pcbictûrdc k`hstdtuélc ln fnrr` `u cbuiéhd`, ä dhldkcl` pcrc rnluzdr c nspnssurc ln knrt`s k`rtns ln kcrhns, pndxns `u frcho`.
[nrrc pcrc `ss `:
Nsk`rrnl`r:
Kadh`ds (cï` dh`x):
K`i f`rict` ln uic pchnbc orchln k`i fur`s hcs bctnrcds n h` fuhl`, p`ln snr k`hstdtuél` p`r cbuiéhd` `u cï`, snhl` dhldkcl` pcrc nsk`rrnr icsscs, vnontcds, frutcs ntk.
K`i ` f`rict` ln uic fckc orchln, k`hstdtuélc ln bçidhc ln cï` lnhtclc, ä dhldkclc pcrc snrrcr `ss`s n kcrtdbconhs lurcs.
K`cl`r ln k`zdhac k`hstdtuél` ln cï`, ni f`rict` ln fuhdb k`i pnqunh`s fur`s, ä dhldkcl` pcrc k`cr `s fuhl`s, `s i`ba`s n cs s`pcs.
Kadh`ds (pr`huhkdc-sn "kad-
h`ã") ä uic pcbcvrc frchknsc qun sdohdfdkc "kadhês" (` f`ricf`rict` ln k`hn l` k`cl`r fcz pcrnknr ui kacpäu kadhês).
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
73
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Gctnl`r ln kbcrcs (fd`s ln cï` dh`x):
Ni f`rict` ln nspdrcb k`i kcg`, ä k`hstdtuél` p`r cï` n dhldkcl`s pcrc gctnr cs kbcrcs l`s `v`s.
Gctnl`r ln i`ba`s (fd`s ln cï` dh`x):
Ni f`rict` ln ob`g`, k`hstdtuél` ln cï`, p`ssud kcg` n ä dhldkcl` pcrc idsturcr `u gctnr pr`lut`s icds `u inh`s lnhs`s.
Ichl`bdh: \ãguc pcrc k`rtn:
Ni f`rict` rntchoubcr, p`ssud 53 ki ln nspnssurc, n ä dhldkclc pcrc k`rtcr ldfnrnhtns tdp`s ln cbdinht`s. Cprnsnhtc-sn ni k`rns ldvnrscs, ln ck`rl` k`i c fdhcbdlcln.
Ni iclndrc, ctrcvnsscl` h` knhtr` p`r uic `u lucs cgnrturcs hcs qucds nstë` dhstcbclcs bçidhcs. U`ssud ui ldsp`sdtdv` ln rnoubconi pcrc k`rtns icds fdh`s `u icds or`ss`s. Ä dhldkcl` pcrc ldfnrnhtns k`rtns ln bnouins.
W`b` pcrc icsscs:
Ni f`rict` kdbéhlrdk` k`i kcg` hcs lucs nxtrnidlclns k`hstdtuél` ln p`bdntdbnh`. Ä dhldkcl` pcrc cgrdr icsscs ldvnrscs.
\nriüintr`:
Dhstruinht` ln inldïë` ln tnipnrcturc l`s cbdinht`s, hc k`zdhac, ä dhldkcl` pcrc vnrdfdkcr tnipnrcturcs ln cricznhconi n ln k`kïë` l`s cbdinht`s.
DIU@W\CH\N • @s utnhsébd` utnhsébd`ss ln iclndrc iclndrc nstë` nstë` pr`dgdpr`dgdl`s p`r bnd, lnvnhl` snr sugstdtuél`s pnb`s ln cï` dh`x `u p`bdntdbnh`. Dst` p`rqun c iclndrc, lnvdl` å suc p`r`sdlcln, p`ln sn k`hstdtudr ni nbninht` ln k`htcidhcïë`. U`rtcrdc lc Chvdsc hº 7.>;>/5;, dtni 4.1.3
• ki : knhtéi knhtéintr ntr`s `s ii: idbéintr`s
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
77
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Gctnrdc ln K`zdhac Ä ` k`hjuht` ln utnhsébd`s lnstdhcl` c` prä-prnpcr`, prnpcr`, cricznhconi n k`kïë` ln cbdinht`s. @s ictnrdcds utdbdzcl`s pcrc c fcgrdkcïë` lnssns utnhsébd`s lnvni snr: • ctû ctûxdk xdk`s= `s= • lur lurãvn ãvnds, ds, • rnsdstnhtns c ka`quns ka`quns inkçhdk`s= • tärid täridk`s k`s n c` us` k`htéhu k`htéhu`= `= • rnsdstnhtns c lnsdhfntch lnsdhfntchtns tns n lntnronhtns= lntnronhtns= • dhlnf`riãvnds, g`hs g`hs k`hlut`rns ln ln kcb`r (utnhsébd`s ln ln k`kïë`)= • fãknds ln bdipcr n k`hsnrvcr, k`hsnrvcr, rnsdstnhtns c ãkdl`s, ichkacs ichkacs n `l`rns. Nstns utnhsébd`s p`lni snr ldvdldl`s ni três orup`s: • ln k`kï k`kïë`= ë`= • ln prä-p prä-prnpc rnpcr`, r`, prnp prnpcr` cr` n criczn cricznhcon hconi= i= • ckn cknssû ssûrd` rd`s. s.
^tnhsébd`s hsébd`s ln K`kïë` • ^tn U`lni snr ln cbuiéhd` `u ln cï` dh`xdlãvnb (dh`x), tnhl` `u hë` rnvnstdinht` chtdclnrnhtn. @s utnhsébd`s ln k`kïë` icds uscl`s së` `s ln cï` dh`x k`i fuhl` trdpb`, snhl` cï` dh`x/cbuiéhd`/cï` dh`x, p`ds pnridtni ui k`zdinht` icds rãpdl`, lnvdl` å ldstrdgudïë` uhdf`rin ln kcb`r, k`i snhsévnb rnluïë` ln k`igustévnb. Clcptci-sn tcht` c f`oþns c oãs, k`i` nbätrdk`s n ln vdtr`knrçidkc. [ë` nbns: Frdodlndrc:
• pcrc l`urcr= scbtncr, frdodr, fbcigcr, fcznr krnpns, pchqunkcs, `inbntns ntk. • k`i kcg`, pnridtn scbtncr `s cbdinht`s.
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
Kcïcr`bc cbtc k`i kcg` `u cbïc, n k`i `u sni tcipc:
• pcrc rnf`ocr, nhs`pcr, nstufcr, `u pcrc qucbqunr `utr` iät`l` qun rnqundrc k`kïë` k`i vcp`r.
7;
Kcïcr`bc gcdxc k`i bctnrcds ni çhoub` rnt` rnt` c` fuhl` - " scut`dr" , k`i kcg`: • ‒ scut`dr " pnridtn inxnr k`i icds
fckdbdlcln `s cbdinht`s. U`ssudhl` tcipc, fckdbdtc `s prnpcrcl`s. C prnsnhïc ln kcg` cuxdbdc ` ichusnd` pcrc scbtncr n csscr.
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Kcblndrë` cbt`: Kcblndrë` gcdx`: Uchnbc ln Urnssë`:
• Ucrc codbdzcr ` tnip` ln k`kïë`.
• pcrc fnrvnr, csscr, grchquncr, k`znr (i`ba`s, s`pcs, icsscs, crr`z n bnouidh`s bnouidh`scs). cs).
K`zd-vcp`rn:
Gcha`-icrdc: K`zd -pcstc:
• pcrc k`znr icsscs, snrvdhl` c` insi` tnip` ln nsk`rrnl`r.
• pcrc fnrvnr, grchquncr n k`znr (iät`l`s ln k`kïë` `hln ä hnknssãrd` orchln v`buin ln béqudl`). • pcrc k`znr cbdinht`s sû h` vcp`r (k`i ui iéhdi` ln pnrlcs hutrdtdvcs). • pcrc `s pr`lut`s kujc tnipnrcturc ln k`kïë` hë` lnvc ubtrcpcsscr c fcdxc ln 15ºK c 45ºK, hnknssd-tchl` ln kcblndrë`-gcsn pcrc k`htnr ` béqudl`.
• pcrc k`zdinht`s kujc tnipnrcturc hë` lnvc ubtrcpcsscr `s 45ºK, `u pcrc ichtnr cbdinht`s cqunkdl`s ckdic ln 65ºK.
• pcrc cbdinht`s frãonds, p`ds ä sufdkdnhtn ` kcb`r qun nichc l` vcp`r lc ãouc. \cigäi pcrc cqunknr knrt`s cbdinht`s, sni fnrvnr n rnssnkcr.
Nssns utnhsébd`s ln k`kïë` së` ûtdi`s pcrc prnpcrcr i`ba`s n icsscs.
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
7<
Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Kacbndrc:
• pcrc cqunknr ãouc k`i rcpdlnz.
Cs scl sclndr ndrc c fuh f uhlc: lc:
• pcrc csscr pnïcs orchlns h` f`rh`.
Cs scl sclndr ndrc c ln snr snrvd vd r:
• pcrc i`htcr n orctdhcr bcschac.
Cs scl sclndr ndrc c rcs c:
• pcrc csscr `s icds ldvnrs`s tdp`s ln cbdinht`s (g`b`s, icsscs f`baclcs, t`rtcs, gdsk`dt`s, nipclcs, inrnhounss ntk.). inrnhoun
Cs scl sclndr ndrc c k` i t cip cipc: c:
• pcrc csscr ni kacic n fdhcbdzcr ni f`rh`.
Ur`ht`, co`rc, hc prûxdic pãodhc, v`kês drë` k`hanknr `s utnhsébd`s ln prä-prnpcr`/prnpcr` n cricznhconi ln uic k`zdhac
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
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Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
^tnhsébd` ^tn hsébd`ss ln präpr ä-prnpcr` prnpcr` / prnpc p rnpcr` r` n cricznhcon cricznhconi i U`lni snr ln cï` dh`x, p`bdkcrg`hct` n p`bdntdbnh` n, k`hf`rin ` ictnrdcb, p`lni snr utdbdzcl`s pcrc k`honbcr, cqunknr ni gcha`-icrdc ntk.
Wnkdpdnhtns ln dh`x k`i tcipc pbãstdkc • pcrc oucrlcr frd`s, o`rlurcs, frutcs, vnontcds ntk.
\donbcs dh`x • pcrc ` prnpcr` ln cbdinht`s k`i` pchqunkcs, kbcrcs ni hnvn, icssc ln g`b` n t`rtc, `inbntns, obckês ntk, n pcrc bdipnzc n k`rtns prävd`s ln bnouins n vnontcds.
\donbcs f`skcs ni p `bdkcrg`hct` • pcrc prnpcr` ln icsscs vcrdclcs, bdipnzc ln vnontcds n frutcs, prnpcr` ln i`ba`s, k`i` icd`hnsn n lnrdvcl`s ntk.
U`tns trchspcrnhtns k`i tcipc • pcrc oucrlcr i`ba`s, vnontcds bdip`s n pdkcl`s k`i ãouc, scbclc ln frutcs, frutcs pcrtdlcs ntk.
Wnkdpdnhtns quclrcl`s trchspcrnhtns • pcrc cricznhcr cbdinht`s h` cbi`xcrdfcl`, hc kçicrc frdc, h` rnfrdonrcl`r n h` "frnnznr".
Kcdxcs Kc dxcs pcrc cricznhconi cricznhconi k`i k `i tcipcs (trchspcrnhtns, (trchs pcrnhtns, rnsdstnht rnsd stnhtns ns ln <5ºK <5ºK c 44ºK 44ºK)) • pcrc cricznhcr v`buins icd`rns k`i` vnontcds n frutcs dhtndr`s jã adodnhdzcl`s (rnp`ba`, k`uvn-fb`r, pdinhtë`, t`ictn, bcrchjc, icïë, cbfckn, k`uvn-ln-gruxnbcs, knh`urc, scbsë`, fuhka` ntk.)= cvns bdipcs, pndxns, kcicrþns, kcrhns n bctdkéhd`s.
Kcdxcs Kc dxcs trchspcrnhtns • pcrc ichtnr `s cbdinht`s sni k`htct` k`i `s béqudl`s qun p`ssci nsk`rrnr l`s insi`s. Ucrc cricznhcr pr`lut`s snk`s (p`lni snr nipdbaclcs). • p`ssdgdbdtci c k`b`kcïë` ln nsk`rrnl`r h` fuhl` (lrnh`s).
Wnkdpd Wn kdpdnhtns nhtns ocstr`h`ri (pc (pclrë` lrë` dhtnrhckd`hcb) dh tnrhckd`hcb) k`i inldlc dhdkdcb ln >; ki x ;7 ki, sn rnfnrn å lnh`idhcïë` 3/3, icds cbturc lnsnjclc. • pcrc gcha`-icrdc, rnk`hstdtudïë` ln cbdinht`s, k`honbcinht` dhstchtçhn`. dhstchtçhn`. • pcrc cricznhcr prä-prnpcr`.
Wnkdpdnhtns Wn kdpdnhtns ocstr`h`r i - ocstr`f`ri [ë` rnkdpdnhtns ln ldinhsþns pclr`hdzclcs, uscl`s hcs k`zdhacs pr`fdssd`hcds pcrc k`kïë`, cricznhconi, rnfrdonrcïë` ntk., guskchl` uic uhdf`ridlcln tcht` ln utnhsébd`s k`i` ln nqudpcinht`s. Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
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Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
l n Ch` Ch`tcïþns tcïþns (33) (33) Wnodstrn h` snu Kclnrh` ln `s utnhsébd`s qun v`kê jã k`hankdc n qucds jã utdbdz`u nhtrn cqunbns kdtcl`s.
Ctnhtn h`vcinhtn pcrc cqunbns qun v`kê cdhlc hë` utdbdz`u, p`ds, h`s lnicds iûlub`s, ln ck`rl` k`i c nspnkdfdkdlcln, v`kê drã cprnhlnr c utdbdzã-b`s k`rrntcinhtn. Ucrc ldvnrsdfdkcr ldvnrsdfdkcr cdhlc icds snu snu rnpnrtûrd` s`grn s`grn utnhsébd`s, utnhsébd`s, vdsdtn vdsdtn uic b`jc nspnkdcbdzclc n nxpb`rn ` qun aã hcs prctnbndrcs. V`kê tcigäi p`ln hcvnocr hc Dhtnrhnt, h`s sdtns qun k`inrkdcbdzci nstns `gjnt`s. Ucrc tcht`, gcstc nhtrcr ni ui sdtn ln guskc ln suc prnfnrêhkdc n ldodtcr "utnhsébd`s pcrc k`zdhac". Cssdi, v`kê tnrã dhf`ricïþns s`grn pr`lut`s n prnï`s ldvnrs`s. Wnodstrn h` snu Kclnrh` ln Ch`tcïþns (37) cs f`htns ln pnsqudsc, ` qun nhk`htr`u n ` qun icds kaci`u suc ctnhïë`.
NS^DUCINH\@[ LN K@ZDHAC F`rh` K`igdhcl`:
F`rh` ln K`hvnkïë`:
Ä ui f`rh` pr`orciãvnb qun pnridtn fcznr ldvnrs`s tdp`s ln l`kns n ln scbocl`s, sdiubtchncinhtn, sni rdsk` ln idsturcr scg`rns n sni pnrlc ln quchtdlcln n qucbdlcln.
Ä utdbdzcl` pcrc prnpcrcïë` ln pnqunhcs p`rïþns, k`i`, p`r nxnipb`, k`uvnrt nspnkdcb, t`rtcs, qudkans ntk.
F`rh` ln Idkr` `hlcs:
Iudt` utdbdzcl` ni k`zdhacs l`iästdkcs. Ni k`zdhacs k`inrkdcds p`ln snr nhk`htrcl` ni bchka`hntns `u k`fnn sa`ps pcrc cqunknr cbdinht`s, ics rcrcs vnzns k`ipþn c k`zdhac ln `utr`s tdp`s ln rnstcurchtns.
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
F`oë` F`oë ` Ur`fdssd`hcb:
U`ln tnr ln 7 c 36 g`kcs, ln cbtc `u gcdxc prnssë` n snr nqudpcl` k`i kacpc, gcha`-icrdc n f`rh`.
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Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Gctnlndrc Iubtdus`:
Frdtcl`r:
U`ln snr c oãs `u nbätrdk` n utdbdzcr sdstnic ãouc/ûbn` `u o`rlurc nspnkdcb pcrc frdturc.
Ucrc gctnr g`b`s, i`nr kcrhn, prnpcrcr nigutdl`s, k`rtcr bnouins, pr`knsscr frutcs n vnontcds, cgrdr bctcs, gctnr pëns, nxtrcdr suk`s n prnpcrcr icsscs.
Bdqudldfdkcl`r Dhlustrdcb:
K`rtcl`r ln Frd`s:
[ë` pnïcs icd`rns l` qun cs ln us` l`iästdk`, nqudpclcs k`i i`t`rns cpr`prdcl`s pcrc snrvdï`s ln k`zdhac k`inrkdcb.
Unridtn k`rtcr frd`s ni ldvnrscs nspnssurcs.
[cbcichlrc:
Gcbchïc Ldodtcb:
Ä ui f`rh` qun l`urc c supnrfékdn l`s cbdinht`s, pnridtdhl` ui ckcgcinht` cpntdt`s`.
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
^tdbdzclc pcrc pnscr cbdinht`s, pnridtn ` pr`p`rkd`hcinht` l`s pr`lut`s.
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Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Onbclndrc Dhlustrdcb:
Ornbac:
^tdbdzclc pcrc ornbacr pr`tnéhcs chdicds (kcrhns, pndxns n cvns).
Ä utdbdzclc pcrc ck`hldkd`hcr cbdinht`s qun rnqundrci rnfrdonrcïë` n qun snrë` k`hsuidl`s h` prûprd` ldc. U`ln snr nhk`htrclc ni i`lnb`s ln 57 c 56 p`rtcs.
Frnnznr:
Kçicrc Frdc:
Insc ln \rcgcba`:
Iãqudhc ln Bcvcr B`uïcs:
U`ln snr vnrtdkcb `u a`rdz`htcb, ln ck`rl` k`i ` nspcï` fésdk` ldsp`hévnb.
^tdbdzclc pcrc nst`kcr cbdinht`s qun rnqundrci rnfrdonrcïë`. U`ln snr i`lubcr `u fdxc.
[ë` icd`rns l` qun cs l`iästdkcs n p`ssuni icds rnkurs`s pcrc bcvcr orchlns quchtdlclns ln b`uïcs, k`p`s, tcbanrns ntk.
^tdbdzclc pcrc cp`d` h` prnpcr` l`s cbdinht`s, p`r nxnipb`, pcrc k`rtcr bnouins, vnrlurcs, cgrdr icsscs ntk.
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
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Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Bcvcl`rc ln Frut cs n Vnontcds: Vnontcds:
Kclnrh` lnrh` ln Ch`tcïþns Wnodstrn h` snu Kc (3;), l`s nqudpcinht`s ckdic, qucds v`kê jã k`hankdc n qucds jã utdbdz`u0
Bcvc, adodnhdzc n knhtrdfuoc frutcs n vnontcds, lndxchl`-`s pr`ht`s pcrc ` us`.
Fcïc, tcigäi, uic pnsqudsc s`grn nqudpcinht`s, pcrc qun p`ssc `gtnr dhf`ricïþns s`grn pr`lut`s ldvnrs`s n prnï`s. Wnodstrn h` snu Kclnrh` ln Ch`tcïþns (3<) cs f`htns ln pnsqudsc, ` qun nhk`htr`u n ` qun icds kaci`u suc ctnhïë`.
Co`rc qun v`kê nstul`u ` ictnrdcb n rncbdz`u cs ctdvdlclns suonrdlcs, jã nstã prnpcrcl` pcrc rncbdzcr ` \nstn qun sn nhk`htrc chnx`. Bndc k`i ctnhïë` cs qunstþns n cssdhcbn c cbtnrhctdvc k`rrntc ni kclc uic lnbcs. Coucrln Coucrln cs rnsp`stcs k`rrntcs qun snrë` pugbdkclcs h` Iûlub` DD.
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
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Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`
Vci`s pcrc c Ucrtn 7
Kurs` ln K`zdhandr` - Iûlub` D
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Dhstdtut` ^hdvnrscb Grcsdbndr`