CORROSION POR AGUA DE MAR PROF.: DR. ELSA CAMACHO ESCOBAR LIZBETH VELA LÓPEZ JOSÉ ENRIQUE
INTRODUCCION : CORROSIÓN MARINA Mientr! en e" e" #!$% #!$% !%"&ente !%"&ente "%! 'r(%! 'r(%! e in!t"(i%ne! #%rt)ri! e!t'n e*#)e!t! " +) $e &r, (t)"&ente "! e!tr)(t)r! &et-"i(! !e e*tien$en t%$! )e""! e&#"e$! en " e*#"%r(i/n , )!% 0 e*#"%t(i/n $e" &r 0 !) 1%n$% 2$i)e!, '%0!, #"t1%r&!, 3%tnte!, #nt"ne!, !)'&rin%! , t%rre $e #er1%r(i/n , in!t"(i%ne! , et(.4 , !in %"5i$r "! (%&#"e6! in!t"(i%ne! $e in+enier7 $e #%t'i"i8(i/n $e" +) $e &r.
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FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA CORROSIÓN MARINA
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Entre "%! << 0 ?<<<& =0 )n $i!&in)(i/n 0 #)e$e ""e+r ((G" , &0%re! #r%1)n$i$$e! e" e" )&ent O #er&ne(ien$% (%n!tnte ?<<. E" $i/*i$% $e (r'%n% $i!)e"t% !e ="" en e)i"i'ri% (%n "%! i%ne! 'i(r'%nt% 0 (r'%nt% !7 (%&% (%n e" (i$% (r'/ni(% e i%n =i$r%+en%: •
E!te e)i"i'ri% !e $ #%r " 1%r&(i/n $e !e$i&ent%! ("(-re%!, 0 )e " #re(i#it(i/n $e "%! (r'%nt%! $e ("(i% 0 &+ne!i% 0 e!tr%n(i% re$)(e e" ((e!% $e" %*i+en% " !)#er(ie &et-"i(. L% )e e! $e n%t%ri i&#%rtn(i #r "+)n%! 1en/&en%! $e (%rr%!i/n.
EL PROCESO DE CORROSION C%&% t%$% 1en/&en% e"e(tr%)7&i(% , !) 5e"%(i$$ e!t re"(i%n$ (%n : E" #r%(e!% n/$i(% , E" #r%(e!% (t/$i(% 0 " re!i!ten(i /=&i(.
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E" #r%(e!% n/$i(% $e $i!%")(i/n &et-"i( , #%$r- 5eri(r!e #)e! " ')n$n(i $e e"e(tr%"it% !e !)& " #ri(i/n $e )n "t% (%nteni$% $e i%n ("%r)r% "% )e e"e5 " 5e"%(i$$ n/$i( (%n #%( #%"ri8(i/n. En " re$)((i/n $e %*i+en% $i!)e"t% " ""e+$ $e &%"()"! $e %*i+en% #r%(e$ente! $e " t&%!1er " !)#er(ie &et-"i(, e!tr- (%n$i(i%n$ " te&#ert)r , e*i!ten(i $ (%rriente! (%ne(ti5! 0 5e"%(i$$ $e" "i&ite $e $i1)!i/n tre5e! $e " (# "i&ite
L (%rr%!i/n &rin t%& 1%r& $e t)e "%("i8$% en ter&in$! 8%n!: F%r&(i/n $e #i($)r!: C"%r)r%! C%rr%!i/n +"5-ni( C%rr%!i/n '6% ten(i/n 1ti+ : +r5$% #%r ("%r)r%! C%rr%!i/n #re1eren(i"2!e"e(ti54: $eter&in$ 1!e % &et" Mi(r%'i%"/+i(: Me$i% 15%r'"e #r " 5i$
EFECTO DE LA SALINIDAD •
E!t (%&#ren$i$ entre "%! 99 0 9 #rte! #%r &i".
Z%n! $%n$e " 5#%r(i/n #re$%&in !%'re #re(i#it(i%ne! ()%!! 2 !er- &! e"e5$ ()! $e (%n(entr(i/n $e" +)4, e (!% (%ntrri% " !"ini$$ $e!(ien$e $e'i$% " $i!%")(i/n . •
E!t% %()rre en #)ert%! 8%n! (%!ter! , e!t)ri%! $e "%! r7%! 0 &! (er(n! #%'"(i%ne! $%n$e " (%nt&in(i/n 0 " $i1)!i/n (%n$i(en 5rinte! en !) !"ini$$. •
L (%rr%!i/n )&ent " =(er"% " (%n(entr(i/n $e ? ?<+G".
A #rtir $e ?< =!t " !t)r(i/n , " (%rr%!i/n $i!&in)0e "% &i!&% )e "% =(e " (%n(entr(i/n $e %*i+en%
D'i"e! 5ri(i%ne! en " !"ini$$ $e" +) $e &r n% #re(en #r%$)(ir (&'i%! #re(i'"e! en " (%rr%!i/n $e" (er% !)&er+i$%. Sin e&'r+% 5ri(i%ne! e" " !"ini$$ #)e$en in3)ir #%r t)r')"en(i % (%rrr%!i%n> er%!i%n #r%'"e&! 1re()ente! "%! )e e!t-n !%&eti$%! "%! t)'%! , 5-"5)"! , '%&'! et(.,
EJEMPLOS
EFECTO DE LA TEMPERATURA •
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E!t 5ri en 1)n(i/n $e " e!t(i/n $e" % 0 ")+r. L te&#ert)r %!(i" 0 9KC, )n)e "! +)! !)#er(i"e! #)e$en "(n8r 5"%re! &! "t%!. P%r e" )&ent% $e ?< KC !e $)#"i( " 5e"%(i$$ en e" #r%(e!% )7&i(%, !in e&'r+% $e'i$% " !%")'i"i$$ $e" %*i+en% e"e&ent% ne(e!ri% #r e" #r%(e!% (t/$i(% $e (%rr%!i/n , " )&entr " te&#ert)r !e re+i!tr e" e1e(t% (%ntrri%.
Ejempl: L 1%r&(i/n $e $e#/!it%! #r%te(t%re! ("(-re%! , p!"#$"p%lme#&e 'e $%!(#%&) 'e $%l$" * m%#e)" )e !)e"en #r%$)(ir!e en t)'er7! 0 %tr%! (%&#%nente! &et-"i(%! " %l$%#,%!)e en e""%! "t! te&#ert)r! ./-01C34 t&'in &%ti5 )e " 5e"%(i$$ $e (%rr%!i/n $i!&in)0 en 1%r& #re(i'"e.
L! #re5i!i'"e! &! e"e5$! 5e"%(i$$e! $e (%rr%!i/n $e +)! ("iente! tr%#i("e! !e 5en, !i&i!&% , &%rti+)$! #%r " e*i!ten(i en e!e ti#% $e +)! $e ')n$nte (re(i&ient% $e %r+ni!&%! &rin%! "% )e ""e5 )n re$)((i/n en e" ((e!% $e" %*i+en% " !)#er(ie &et-"i(. En +)! 1r7! , $%n$e e" (re(i&ient% $e %r+ni!&%! e &en%r 0 &0%r " !%")'i"i$$ $e" %*i+en% , !e %'!er5 )n (e"er(i/n $e" #r%(e!% $e
EFECTO DE LA 5ELOCIDAD DEL FLU6O •
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E" &%5i&ient% $e" +) $e &r, " 1e(tr " trn!#%rte $e %*i+en% "! 8%n! (t/$i(! 0 " e"i&in(i/n $e "%! #r%$)(t%! $e (%rr%!i/n, #)e$e (%ntri')ir $e(i!i5&ente en " &+nit)$ $e" #r%(e!% (%rr%!i5%. De#en$ien$% $e " ("!e $e &teri" )n )&ent% en " 5e"%(i$$ $e 3)6% % t)r')"en(i #)e$e (e"err % retr$r " (%rr%!i/n.
EFECTO DE LA PROFUNDIDAD M-*i& (%rr%!i/n, #%r e!tr e" &et" (%ntin)&ente &%6$% 0 "i+er&ente ire$% <<>?<<<& M7ni&% $e (%rr%!i/n , #%r ire(i/n $i1eren(i" entre " 8%n2(t%$%4 0 " in&er!i/n (%ntin) 2-n%$%4 &en%! %*i+en$.
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C%n1%r&e )&ent " #r%1)n$i$$ " (%rr%!i/n 5)e"5e (re(er LA (%rr%!i/n $e!(ien$e 0 )e " 1"t $e (%n5e((i/n re$)(e e*tre&$&ente e" !)&ini!tr% $e %*i+en% "
EFECTO DE LA CONTAMINACIÓN •
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E!t! 8%n! (%&% "%! e!t)ri%! $e "%! r7%! 1)rente&ente (%nt&in%! (!)! $e +)! re!i$)"e! n% trt$! (%ntienen &teri %r+-ni(, % $e 3)ente! e!#e(7(%! #r%(e$ente! $e #"nt! )7&i(! 15%re(e " #re!en(i $e (%n$i(i%ne! %#%e!7("$%) &e$i% i$e" #r e" $e!rr%""% $e '(teri! !)"1%rre$)(t%r! )e "i'ern (nti$$e! i&#%rtnte! 'e %$"' )8l9!""'!"$;
L +rn &%5i"i$$ $e "%! i%ne! $e =i$r/+en%! 0 e" $e!#"8&ient% $e +! =i$r%+en% e5itn " e*i!ten(i $e 1en/&en%! $e #%"ri8(i/n $e (%n(entr(i/n , en "e (!% $e &%"()"! $e %*i+en% "i&itn e" #r%(e!% $e (%rr%!i/n
MECANISMOS PRINCIPALES $e!)"1%5i'ri% $e!)"1)ri(n! trn!1%r&n "%! !)"1t%! en (i$% !)"1ri(% 2 SH4 1e(tn &! en -re! e!tn($! #r%"i1ern +rn 5e"%(i$$. Prin(i#"&ente "e(i%ne! $e C) 2NH9,NO>9 NO>4 < #.#.& in(")!% &0%r, <. #.#.&. •
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'(teri! !)"1%rre$)(t%r!.: S)&ini!trn %*i+en% , #r " re((i/n (t/$i(.
INCRUSTACIONES
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Se entien$e #%r " e*i!ten(i !%'re !)#er(ie !)&er+i$! $e %r+ni!&% ni&"e! % 5e+et"e! )e !e 6n (%&% e!#%r! % "r5! 0 (re(en !%'re e!%! !)!trt%! =!t "(n8r 1%r&! $)"t!. Se #r%$)(en ()n$% " 5e"%(i$$ $e" %'6et% &et-"i(% (%n re"(i/n " &r e! in1er7%! ?&G! !in e&'r+% )n 5e8 " 6(i/n !e #r%$)(e ni "t! 5e"%(i$$e! !%n (#(e! $e $e!#ren$er"!.
