Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Consumer Behaviour Consumer Consum er behav behavior ior is th thee st stud udy y of in indi divi vidu dual als, s, gr grou oups ps,, or or orga gani nizat zatio ions ns an and d th thee processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. Consumer Behavior is a branch which deals with the various stages a consumer goes through before purchasing products or services for his end use. It blen blends ds eleme element ntss from from psych psycholo ology gy,, soci sociol ology ogy,, soci social al anth anthro ropo polo logy gy,, mark marketi eting ng and economics. It attempts to understand the decision-making processes of buyers, both indi indivi vidu duall ally y and and in grou groups ps such such as how how emot emotio ions ns affe affect ct buyin buying g beha behavi vior or.. It studi studies es characteristics of individual consumers such as demographics and behavioral variables in an attempt to understand peoples wants. It also tries to assess influences on the consumer from groups such as family, friends, sports, reference groups, and society in general. Customer behavior study is based on consumer buying behavior, with the customer playing the three distinct roles of user, payer and buyer. !esearch has shown that consumer behavior is diffic difficult ult to predic predict, t, even for experts experts in the field. field. "arket "arketing ing is an influent influential ial asset for customer behavior analysis as it has a keen interest in the re-discovery of the true meaning of marketing through the re-affirmation of the importance of the customer or buyer. # greater import importance ance is also placed placed on consum consumer er retenti retention, on, custom customer er relatio relationsh nship ip managem management ent,, personalization, customization and one-to-one marketing. $ocial functions can be categorized into social choice and welfare functions.
Online shopping Online shopping (sometimes shopping (sometimes known as e-tail e-tail from from "electronic retail" or e-shopping e-shopping)) is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. Alternative names are: e-web-store, e-sho, e-store, Internet sho, web-sho, web-store, online store, online storefront and virtual store. !obile commerce (or m-commerce) describes urchasing from an online retailers mobile otimi#ed online site or a. An online sho evokes the hysical analogy of buying roducts or services at a bricks-andmortar retailer or shoing center$ the rocess is called business-to-consumer (%&') online shoing. In the case where a business buys from another business, the rocess is called business-to-business (%&%) online shoing. he largest of these online retailing cororations are Alibaba, Ama#on.com, and e%ay.
Chapter 2
Summary of rti!le rti!less "ournal of Internet Ban#ing an$ Commer!e "ournal of Internet Ban#ing an$ Commer!e ugust 2%%&' vol( 1)' no(2 Su*ana $apa
%he current research paper examines the adoption of internet shopping patterns exhibited by Indian women currently residing in India and #ustralia emphasizing on the prevailing cultural dimensions. # conceptual framework has been developed based on the theoretical theoretica l background which links intention to shop over internet and &ofstede's cultural dimensions to adoption of internet shopping. In order to test the stated hypotheses, the proposed relationships between the variables were empirically verified. # web based survey was employed by using online (uestionnaire as a research instrument and the respondents were approached by posting the (uestionnaire to various newsgroups. %he results of the study reveal that intention of internet shopping as measured with the perceived attributes
significantly influences the actual adoption of internet shopping. )ith regard to the prevailing cultural dimensions in the country of origin *India+, the results obtained are as expected and significantly influence the internet purchases. )here as with regard to the prevailing cultural dimensions in the country of residence *#ustralia+, most of the results obtained are as predicted except for the dimension masculinity versus femininity. femininity. %he results obtained are promising for internet
CONSU+,R-S .,RC,.TION TO/RDS ON0IN, SO..IN3 T, CS, O4 .UN"B International Journal of Management & Information Technology Volume 1, No 1, May, 2012 Kanwal Gurleen India has more than million internet users out of which one half opt for online purchases and the number is rising sharply every year. %he growth in the number of online shoppers is greater than the growth in Internet users, indicating that more Internet users are becoming comfortable to shop online. %he capability of purchasing without leaving your place is of great interest to many consumers. ot only does online shopping offer really good deals, but also brings optimum convenience to the consumers. "oreover, the use of Internet tools for price searching and comparison provides an additional advantage in consumers' consumers' final decision, as they can purchase their desired products in the lowest available price. %his paper focuses on the understanding of demographic profiles of adopters and non-adopters of online shopping. /or this purpose the data from 0 respondents was collected in the form of (uestionnaires. %he study has been conducted in 1 cities of 2un3ab, a sample of urban respondents were selected from the 4alandhar, 5udhiana and #mritsar %he paper also analyses the various reasons for adoption and non-adoption of online shopping.
,ffe!t of shopper attributes on retail format !hoi!e behaviour for foo$ an$ gro!ery retailing in In$ia International "ournal of Retail 5 Distribution +anagement 6ol( )7 No( 1' 2%11 Cheru#uri "ayasan#ara .rasa$ n#isetti Rama!han$ra ryasri
2urpose 6 !etailing in India is an unchartered territory. /ood and grocery is the most promising area for setting up retail business in India. #n #n understanding of shopper retail format choice behaviour will enable retailers to segment their market and target specific consumer groups with strategies premeditated to meet their retail needs. %he purpose of this paper is to make a detailed study on the effect of shoppers' demographic, geographic and psychographic dimensions in terms of format choice behaviour in the the fast growing Indian food and grocery retailing. 7esign8methodology8approach 6 7escriptive research design is adopted applying mall intercept survey method using structured (uestionnaire for data collection. Both descriptive
*mean and standard deviation+ and inferential statistical tools like x 9, factor analysis and multivariate analysis are used to analyse the data collected from ,0 food and grocery retail customers from upgraded neighbourhood kirana stores, convenience stores, supermarkets and hypermarkets in con3oint cities of $ecunderabad and &yderabad in #ndhra 2radesh in India. /indings 6 %he findings suggest that shoppers' s hoppers' age, gender, occupation, education, monthly household income, family size and distance travelled to store have significant association with retail format choice decisions. %he choice decisions are also varied among shoppers' demographic attributes. %he findings from shoppers' s hoppers' psychographic dimensions like values, lifestyle factors and shopping orientations resulted in segmentation of food and grocery retail consumers into hedonic, utilitarian, autonomous, conventional and socialization type. 2ractical implications 6 %he study has practical implications for food and grocery retailers for better understanding the shopper behaviour in the context context of changing consumer demographic and psychographic characteristics in an emerging Indian retail market. %he findings may help the retailers to segment and target the food and grocery retail consumers and, as a conse(uence, to undertake more effective retail marketing strategies for competitive advantage. :riginality8value 6 ;iven the absence of published academic literature and empirical findings relating to store format choice behaviour in food and grocery retailing in India, this study may serve as a departure point for future studies in this area of concern. %he research is also relevant to retail marketers in terms of format development and reorientation of marketing strategies in the fastest growing Indian retail market.
/ebsite !hara!teristi!s' Trust an$ pur!hase intention in online stores8 3 n ,mpiri!al stu$y in the In$ian !onte9t "ournal of Information S!ien!e an$ Te!hnology "IST :;2< 2%%7 Bou$hayan anguly Satya Bhusan Dash
5ack of trust in online transactions has been cited, by past scholars, as the main reason for the abhorrence of online shopping. In this paper we proposed a model and provided empirical evidence on the impact of the website characteristics on trust in online transactions in Indian context. In the first phase, we identified and empirically verified the relative importance of the website factors that develop online trust in India. In the next phase, we have tested the mediator effect of trust in the relationship between the website factors and purchase intention *and perceived risk+. %he present study for the first time provided empirical evidence on the mediating role of trust in online shopping among Indian customers.
T, 4OR,CSTIN O4 ) +R=,T IN INDI BS,D ON R,6IS,D T,CNO0O> CC,.TNC, +OD,0 International International "ournal of Ne9t3eneration Ne9t3eneration Net?or#s ;I"NN< 6ol(2' No(2' "une 2%1% Dr( Su$ha Singh Dr( D( =( Singh Dr( +( =( Singh Su*eet =umar Singh
1;, processor of 9; services, is a family of standards for mobile telecommunications defined by the International %elecommunication %elecommunication
. 1; services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, video calls, and wireless data, all in a mobile environment. It allows simultaneous use of speech and data services and higher data rates.1; is defined to facilitate growth, increased bandwidth and support more diverse applications. %he focus of this study is to examine the factors affecting the adoption of 1; services among Indian people. %he study adopts the revised %echnology #cceptance #cceptance "odel by adding five antecedents-perceived risks, cost of adoption, perceived service (uality, sub3ective norms, and perceived lack of knowledge. 7ata have collected from more than 0 school8college8Institution students ? employees of various ;overnment82rivate sectors using interviews ? various convenience sampling procedures and analyzed using "$ excel and "#%5#B. "#%5#B. !esult shows that perceived usefulness has the most significant influence on attitude towards using 1; services,:f the five antecedents, perceived risk and cost of adoption are found to be significantly influencing attitude towards use. %he outcome of this study would be beneficial to private and public telecommunication organizations, various service providers, business community, banking services and people of India. !esearch findings and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
%o 5ocalize or to $tandardize on the )eb@ Ampirical Avidence from Italy, India, etherlands, $pain, and $witzerland The+ultinationalBusinessRevie? 6olume 12 Number 1' Spring 2%%@ Nitish Singh Olivier 4urrer +assimiliano Ostinelli
)ith the growth of worldwide e-commerce, companies are increasingly targeting foreign online consumers. &owever, there is a dearth of evidence as to whether global consumers prefer to browse and buy from standardized global web sites or web sites adapted to their their local cultures. %his study provides evidence from five different countries as to whether global consumers prefer local web content or standardized web content. %he study also measures how the degree of cultural adaptation on the web web affects consumer perception of site effectiveness.
,3shopping8 n nalysis nalysis of the Uses an$ ratifi!ations Theory +o$ern pplie$ S!ien!e 6ol( :' No( A +ay 2%12 /eng +ar! 0im Ding ooi Ting
%he Internet has experienced an exponential growth in the number of users and has created enormous increases in its marketing and communication applications during a considerably short period of time. #lthough both scholars and practi tioners have 3ointly acknowledged the capabilities of the Internet as a marketing tool that offers great potentials and advantages, there remains a scarcity of knowledge pertaining to the motivations for using the Internet and associated online consumer behaviours in more web-specific scenarios. %he uses and gratifications theory *
n nalysis nalysis of 4a!tors ffe!ting ffe!ting on Online Shopping Behavior of Consumers International International "ournal of +ar#eting Stu$ies 6ol( @' No( A 2%12 +ohamma$ ossein +oshref "ava$i ossein Reaei Dolataba$i +o*taba Nourba#hsh mir .oursaee$i hma$ Rea sa$ollahi
one of the most important issues of e-commerce and marketing field. &owever, there is very limited knowledge about online consumer behavior because it is a complicated socio-technical phenomenon and involves too many factors. :ne of the ob3ectives of this study is covering the shortcomings of previous studies that didnt examine main factors that influence on online shopping behavior. %his goal has been followed by using a model examining the impact of perceived risks, infrastructural variables and return policy on attitude toward online
shopping behavior and sub3ective norms, perceived behavioral control, domain specific innovativeness and attitude on online shopping behavior as the hypotheses of study. %o %o investigate these hypotheses 9 (uestionnaires dispersed among online stores of Iran. !espondents to the (uestionnaire were consumers of online stores in Iran which randomly selected. /inally regression analysis was used on data in order to test hypothesizes of study. %his study can be considered as an applied research from purpose perspective and descriptive-survey with regard to the nature and method *type of correlation+. %he study identified that financial risks and non-delivery risk negatively affected attitude toward online shopping. !esults also indicated that domain specific innovativeness and sub3ective norms positively affect online shopping behavior. /urthermore, /urthermore, attitude toward online shopping positively affected online shopping behavior of consumers.
Impa!t of Utilitarian an$ e$oni! Shopping 6a 6alues on In$ivi$ual-s .er!eive$ Benefits an$ Ris#s in Online Shopping International +anagement Revie? 6ol( No( 1 2%11 bhigyan Sar#ar
#n individual's overall perceived shopping value has two dimensions 6 utilitarian and hedonic.
/ebsite $esign' trust' satisfa!tion /ebsite sat isfa!tion an$ e3loyalty8 The In$ian e9perien!e 2urpose@ )ith rapid expansion of global online markets including India, researchers and practitioners are challenged to understand drivers of customer website satisfaction, trust, and loyalty. In this research, website design is expected to influence if customers revisit an online vendor. 7esign8"ethod@ Based on surveys and interview data collected in India, participants evaluated a local and foreign website of the same online vendor. /indings@ /indings@ !esults indicate significant preferences for the local website for almost all design categories. /urther, the local site instilled 7ata collected for this study are compared with parallel work conducted in four other countries using the same procedures. !esearch 5imitations8Implications@ %he current investigation is relevant for researchers who aim to expand knowledge concerning the impact of website design related to user trust, satisfaction, and loyalty. %he work also has implications for )eb designer or managers who seek to enhance market attraction and retention to online websites. 5imitation of the investigation is that both the local and foreign websites used are $amsung websites, and that only a single task *searching for a cell phone+ was used.
To?ar$ an Integrate$ 4rame?or# for f or Online Consumer Behavior an$ De!ision +a#ing .ro!ess8 Revie? .S>CO0O> ND +R=,TIN 4,BRUR> 2%1% /illiam =( Darley Charles Blan#son Denise "( 0uethge
%his paper presents a comprehensive review of recent empirical studies dealing with online consumer behavior and decision-making processes. %o that end, the paper adapts and extends Angel, ollat, and Blackwell's *DE+ and Angel, Blackwell, and "iniard's *EF+ decisionmaking model as backdrop in the review of the literature. %he vast ma3ority of studies examine the link between external factors and one or more components of the decisionmaking process. %he findings of this study show a paucity of research on a number of components of decision making, as well as inconsistencies in the way the online environment is characterized. /inally, the findings show thatstudent samples are prevalent among the studies identified and the research method is biased toward the survey method as opposed to
experimentation. 7iscussion and conclusions are provided, and directions for future research are presented. G 9 )iley )iley 2eriodicals, Inc.
!!eptan!e of ,3ban#ing among $ult Customers8 n ,mpiri!al Investigation in In$ia "ournal of Internet Ban#ing an$ Commer!e ugust 2%1%' vol( 1A' no(2 Neha Di9it Dr( Saro* =( Datta
Internet banking is a form of self service technology. %he numbers of Internet users have increased dramatically, but most of them are reluctant to provide sensitive personal information to websites because they do not trust e-commerce security. %his paper investigates the factors which are affecting the acceptance of e-banking services among adult customers and also indicates level of concern regarding security and privacy issues in Indian context. 2rimary data was collected from 9 respondents, above the age of 1H, through a structured (uestionnaire. $tatistical analysis, descriptive statistics was used to explain demographic profile of respondents and also /actor and !egression analyses were used to know trend of internet use and factors affecting e-banking services among adult customer in India. %he finding depicts many factors like security ? privacy, trust, innovativeness, familiarity, awareness level increase the acceptance of ebanking services among Indian customers. %he finding shows that in spite of their security and privacy concern, adult customers are willing to adopt online banking if banks provide him necessary guidance. Based on the results of current study, study, Bank's Bank's managers would segment the market on the basis of age group and take their opinion and will provide them necessary guidance regarding use of online banking.
+o$el of Trust in Online Relationship Ban#ing INT,RNTION0 "OURN0 O4 BN= +R=,TIN E 4,BRUR> 2%%) vinan$an +u#her*ee .rith?ira* Nath
%he role of trust encompasses the exchanges and interactions of a retail bank with its customers on various dimensions of online banking. $pecifically lays stress on the bank-tocustomer exchanges taking place through the technological interface. &ypothesizes shared value, communication and opportunistic behaviour as antecedents to trust. %rust %rust and commitment also have a causal relationship. 2roposes and empirically tests five hypotheses with a sample of H Internet users of various profiles in India. 7evelops a structural
e(uation model *5isrel+ and establishes all hypotheses. :bserves that shared value is most critical to developing trust as well as relationship commitment. Communication has a moderate influence on trust, while opportunistic behaviour has significant negative effect. #lso finds higher perceived trust to enhance significantly customers' commitment in online banking transaction. #n #n important contribution concerns how trust is developed developed and sustained over different levels of customer relationship in online banking. %he future commitment of the customers to online banking depends on perceived trust
I+.CT O4 D,+OR.IC 4CTORS O4 CONSU+,RS ON ON0IN, SO..IN SO..I N B, B ,6 6IOUR8 STUD> O4 CONSU+,RS IN INDI International International *ournal of engineering an$ management s!ien!es 6O0();1< 2%128 @)3A2 Dahiya Ri!ha
:n-line shopping is a recent phenomenon in the field of A-Business and is definitely going to be the future of shopping in the world. world. "ost of the companies are running their on-line portals to sell their products8services on-line. %hough online shopping shopping is very common outside India, its growth in Indian "arket, which is a large and strategic consumer market, is still not in line with the global market. %he potential growth of on-line shopping has triggered the idea of conducting a study on on-line shopping in India. %he present research paper has used ualitative and uantitative research methods to study the impact of 7emographic factors of consumers on on-line shopping parameters like satisfaction with on-line shopping, future purchase intention, fre(uency of on-line shopping, numbers of items purchased, and overall spend on on-line shopping. %he data was collected through uestionnaires on a sample of HE respondents from fro m 7elhi, "umbai, Chennai, &yderabad and Bangalore. %he results of study reveal that on-line shopping in India is significantly affected by various 7emographic factors like age, gender, marital status, family size and income. %he results of the study could be further used by the researchers and practitioners for conducting future studies in the similar area.
Internet Ban#ing $option $option in an ,merging ,!onomy8 In$ian Consumer-s .erspe!tive International rab "ournal of e3Te!hnology 6ol( 2' No( 1' "anuary 2%11 Rahmath Safeena ema Date b$ullah =ammani
Information technology $ervices is considered as the key driver for the changes taking place around the world. Internet banking *IB+ is the latest and most innovative service and is the new trend among the consumers. %he shift from the formal banking to e-banking has been a leap change. %his study determines the factors influencing the consumer's adoption of internet banking in India and hence investigates the influence of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived risk on use of IB. It is an essential part of a bank's strategy formulation process in an emerging economy like India. $urvey based (uestionnaire design with empirical test was carried out. %he results have supported the hypothesis.
,3Commer!e8 ,3Commer!e8 Stu$y on Online Shopping in +alaysia F =amla3Ra* 2%%: "( So!( S!i(' 1);)<8 2)132@2 $eline Chua .hai# arn li(=hatibi ishamu$$in bin Ismail
7espite the high potential of online shopping in "alaysia, there is still a lack of understanding concerning the sub3ect matter and its potential impact on consumer marketing. %his study aims to establish a preliminary assessment, evaluation and understanding of the characteristics of online shopping in "alaysia. %he Chis(uire test was used to determine the relationship between current online shoppers and demographic variables. $amples t-test was then used to compare the mean differences between current online shoppers and non-online shoppers. %hen, correlation coefficient matrix was employed to determine the degree of correlation between future online shopping and issues concerning online shopping. %he study revealed that online shopping in "alaysia is significantly associated with the Chinese ethnic
group, university degree holders and credit cards or che(uebooks owners. %he results also indicated a significant mean difference between online shoppers and non-online shoppers in gathering product information and comparing price of goods and services before a purchase decision. !esults also indicate that this group of non-online shoppers constitutes more than FJ of the total number of online consumers in "alaysia, implying a huge potential of shopping online consumers in "alaysia still lack confidence and trust in utilizing the Internet as a shopping channel. %hey are mainly concerned about issues related to privacy and trust when dealing with online retailers. %hese issues, if left unchecked, will have a detrimental effect on the future growth of online shopping in "alaysia.
,3Ti!#eting as a Ne? /ay /ay of Buying Ti!#ets8 +alaysian .er!eptions F =amla3Ra* 2%%& "( So!( S!i(' 1;2<8 1@731A inin Sulaiman "osephine Ng Suhana +ohear
%he main aim of the study is to identify e-ticketing trends among urban communities particularly in uala 5umpur. %his study investigates the usage trends and patterns of eticketing. In addition, the study also focused on the customers' perspectives towards eticketing in terms of its usefulness, reliability, security, convenience and efficiency. %he %he study also examines the impact of demographic variables on e-ticketing adoption towards eticketing. # survey was carried out among Internet users in uala 5umpur. uestionnaires were distributed randomly to H people. uala 5umpur was chosen as it has the highest number of Internet users. %he study found that e-ticketing is not a new phenomenon as nearly fifty percent of the respondents have been buying tickets online for the past two years and purchasing airline tickets seems to dominate the online ticketing services. It was also discovered that convenience and ease of use are among the factors that motivated the respondents to purchase tickets online. %he study also revealed that online ticket purchasers are the young, educated and with higher income bracket.
Chapter3)
R,S,RC +,TODO0O>
Ob*e!tives . %o study the consume consumerr behavior behavior at online online shoppin shopping. g. 9. 1. 0. H.
%o study consume consumers rs buying buying tactic, shoppin shopping g priority priority online online shopping. shopping. %o study consumers consumers shopping shopping experience experience at online online websites. websites. %o find out out the consumers consumers percepti perception on towards towards online online shoppin shopping. g. %o analysis analysis different different attributes attributes of layout layout ? ambience, ambience, $ervices, $ervices, $ales personne personnell and
2romotional ? Andorsement tool in online shopping website. F. %o find the Axpectatio Axpectation n of customers customers 7esirable8wish 7esirable8wishful ful factors factors in future they they want in online shopping.
+,TODS O4 DT DT CO00,CTION
%here are two sources of data collection- 2rimary source and $econdary source
S+.0IN .ROC,DUR, ND S+.0IN SIH,
%he entire data collection is done from the various places in #hmadabad. %his data collection is done for knowing the behavior of the consumers towards shopping malls in #hmadabad. 7ata collection is done randomly and it does not have any bias. %he sample size of my pro3ect is units.
DT N0>SIS TOO0S TO O0S
• •
• • •
In this research process two analysis tools are used to analyse the primary data. $2$$ is used to store data, where all variables are recorded and it was very easy to analyse and compare all variables. "icrosoft office excel is also used to make table and related graph. %hese tools were used to analyse the primary data and helped to make the report. # mixture of (uantitative methods was used to analyse the data, namely the Chis(uared test.
.ROB0,+S 4C,D DURIN .RO",CT • •
• • •
ot all the respondents were fully interested in filing the (uestionnaire. 7ue to sample size of it was difficult to find whole population data as study is done in limited area. %he answers given by the respondents have taken as final as per their perception. $ome of the respondents were unable to understand the (uestions. !espondents were in hurry and some of them were neglecting.
0,RNIN 4RO+ .RO",CT •
%he $tudy of this pro3ect report gave me brief knowledge about the consumer buying
•
behaviour in online shopping and what they want in future from :nline shopping. shopping. It helped me to deal with the respondents and to know about their views and believes. %he preparation of the pro3ect report gave me an opportunity to deal with different
•
types of respondents and to observe their behaviour. $ome of them were rude and some of them were very kind and cooperative.
Chapter3@
DT DT N0> N0>SI SIS S Univariate ender
*re+uency
!ale
*emale
Gender
Male
33% 33%
Female 67% 67%
Interpretation8 #s we can conclude that the online shopping is more preferred by "ale rather than /emale.
Age/re
*re+uency
uto &0
&1-
1
2-
2&
3 4 above
2
otal
5
ge!re
upto 24
11% 11%
25-30
13% 13%
37% 37%
31-36 37 & above
39% 39%
Interpretation8 %he above figure it shows that most of the respondent *Consumers+ belong to the age group 9H-1 years *1J+ followed by 1DJ of upto 90 years and 1J of 1-1F years and a very small percentage of respondent belong to the age group of 1D and #bove years.
6ccuation
*re+uency
business
&
7ob
&8
student
0
housewife
1
otal
5
#ccu$ation
business
6% 26% 26%
job job student
38% 38%
ouse!i"e 31% 31%
Income/re
*re+uency
2&-&
2
&0-
2
2-8
22
5-2
5
Income!re
18% 18%
12000-23000 24000-30000
27% 27%
31000-38000 39000-100000
22% 22% 33% 33%
9ave you ever had online shoing
*re+uency
yes
5
%ae you y ou eer had online 'ho$$ing (
F#e$uen
100%
&ow many times did you have online shopping during last year K
*re+uency
2- 1
8
-2
28
22-21
2
2-&
otal
5
%ow many time' did you ha&e online 'ho$$ing during la't year (
1-5
1% 3%
6-10
20%
11-15 16-20 76%
;hich of these websites have you already used or visited ama#on
*re+uency
flikart
&8
ebay
28
3
other
3
otal
5
)hich of the'e we*'ite' ha&e you already u'ed or &i'ited(
ote#( 8% eba&( 20%
ama'on( 41%
)ip*a#t( 31%
;hich online shoing website is roviding cheaer deals ama#on
*re+uency
flikart
&8
ebay
&8
shoclues
1
snadeal
&
otal
5
)hich online 'ho$$ing we*'ite i' $ro&iding chea$er deal' ( ama'on )ip*a#t eba& soplues snapdeal
;hat tye of roduct do you urchase through online shoing electronic
*re+uency
clothing
25
shoes
3
babyroduct
0
traveling
1
other
&
otal
5
&5
)hat ty$e of $roduct do you $urcha'e through online 'ho$$ing ( elet#oni lotin+ 29%
soes
32%
bab&p#odut t#avelin+
6% 4%
ote# 8% 21%
*re+uency
yes
83
no
otal
5
+o you nd $roduct of your choice ea'ily (
es es no
;hich ayment method do you use
*re+uency
'6<
8
debit card
28
net banking
25
credit card
21
otal
5
)hich $ayment method do you u'e (
,.
17% 17%
debit a#d net ban*in+
42% 42%
#edit a#d
21% 21%
20% 20%
;hich are advantage of online shoing
*re+uency
9aving comarison shoing
&2
;ide variety of brand choice
0
!oney saving
0
other
2
otal
5
)hich are adantage ad antage of online 'ho$$ing(
/avin+ ompa#ison soppin+
1% 23% 23% 38% 38%
ide va#iet o" b#and oie Mone savin+ ote#
38% 38%
9ave you felt any roblem while conducting online urchase yes
*re+uency
no
10
otal
5
%a&e you felt any $ro*lem while conducting online $urcha'e (
&es no
If yes, what kind of roblems did you faced
*re+uency
23
'hea +uality of roduct
2
=on-delivery
otal
>ystem
10 5
If ye', what -ind of $ro*lem' did you faced ( .ela in delive# ,eap $ualit o" p#odut .ama+ed p#odut p#odut on-delive# otal stem
Bi3variate gender ? 9ow many times did you have online shoing during last year 2
&
0
1
3
8
2
21
&
!ale
&
23
2&
5
2
1
&
*emal
&
5
&
2
2
e
gender . %ow many time' did you ha&e online 'ho$$ing during la't la't year ( 18 16 14 12
Male
10
Female
8 6 4 2 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
15
20
age/re ? ;hich of these websites have you already used or visited ama#on
flikart
ebay
other
uto &0
2&
2&
8
2
&1-
2
8
3
0
1
2-
1
0
&
2
2&
3 4 above
0
0
2
2
2
age!re . )hich )h ich of the'e we*'ite' we*'ite' ha&e you already u'ed or &i'ited( 18 16 14
upto 24
12
25-30
10
31-36 37 & above
8 6 4 2 0
a m a 'o n
)ip*a#t
eba
ote#
age/re ? ;hich online shoing website is roviding cheaer deals uto &0
2
2
&
&
&1-
2&
5
2
2
1
2-
1
2
2&
3 4 above
&
2
2
2
age!re . )hich online 'ho$$ing we*'ite we*'ite i' $ro&iding chea$er deal' ( 14 12 upto 24
10
25-30
8
31-36
6
37 & above
4 2 0
a m a 'o n
)ip*a#t
eba
sop%lues
snapdeal
gender ? ;hat tye of roduct do you urchase through online shoing electronic
clothing
shoes
babyroduct
traveling
other
!ale
&1
5
0
2
*emale
0
2
2
0
2
2
gender . )hat ty$e of $roduct do you $urcha'e through online 'ho$$ing ( 30 25 20
Male Female
15 10 5 0
ele%t# e %t#on onii%
%loti o tin+ n+
soe soess
bab babp# p#od odu% u%tt t#a t#avvelin+
ote ote##
'6<
debit card
net banking
credit card
occuation ? ;hich ayment method do you use business
1
&
7ob
2
1
3
&8
student
23
3
0
0
housewife
1
1
occu$ation . )hich $ayment method do you u'e ( 18 16 14
business
12
job job
10
student ouse!i"e
8 6 4 2 0
,-.
debit %a#d
net ban*in+
%#edit %a#d
ypothysis gender * How many times did you have online shopping during last year ?Crosstabulation +&/re 2- 1 gender
!ale
'ount @ within gender
*emale
'ount @ within gender
otal
'ount @ within gender
-2
otal 22-21
2-&
0
22
3.3@
28.@
.@
1.@
2.@
&&
3
2
3.@
&.@
.@
.@
2.@
8
28
2
5
31.@
&.@
2.2@
.@
2.@
Chi-Square Tests alue Bearson 'hi->+uare Cikelihood Datio Cinear-by-Cinear Association = of alid 'ases
df
Asym. >ig. (&-sided)
.335a
.&8
0.5
.235
.1
2
.8&
5
a. 0 cells (1.@) have eEected count less than 1. he minimum eEected count is ..
9 gender * What type of produt do you purhase purhase through online shopping shopping ? Crosstabulation ;ha ;hat ty tye e of of ro rodu duct ct do you you urc urcha hase se thro throug ugh h on online line sho shoi ing ng
gender
!ale
electroni
clothin
c
g
'ount @
shoes
babyroduc
travelin
t
g
otal tal
other
&1
5
0
2
02.3@
21.@
2.
.@
.3@
&.3
2.
@
@
within
@
gende r *emal
'ount
e
@
0
2
2
0
2
2
2.@
.@
.@
2.@
.@
.
2.
@
@
within gende r otal
'ount @
&5
25
3
0
1
&
5
&.&@
&2.2@
3.8@
0.0@
1.@
&8.5
2.
@
@
within gende r
Chi-Square Tests alue
df
Asym. >ig. (&-sided)
Bearson 'hi->+uare
28.28a
1
.
Cikelihood Datio
25.&0
1
.2
Cinear-by-Cinear Association
2.5&
2
.21
= of alid 'ases
5
a. cells (1.@) have eEected count less than 1. he minimum eEected count is 2..
1 oupation * Whih payment method do you use ? Crosstabulation Whih payment method do you use ? CO!
oupatio
business
n
Count ' within
Total
debit
net
redit
ard
ban"ing
ard
#
#
#
$
%&
%#()'
%#()'
%#()'
%)('
)++(+
oupation ,ob
'
Count ' within
)+
$
#
%
&$('
)(.'
%$(+'
%)(/'
)++(+
oupation student
'
Count ' within
)
#
/
&/
$+(+'
%+(#'
)(#'
))('
)++(+
oupation housewif
Count
e
' within
Total
' $
+
+
+
$
)++(+
+(+'
+(+ '
+(+ '
)++(+
oupation
'
Count
&
)
).
)$
.+
/%(%'
%+(+'
%)() '
)#('
)++(+
' within
'
oupation
'
Chi-Square Tests alue
df
Asym. >ig. (&-sided)
Bearson 'hi->+uare
22.020a
5
.&08
Cikelihood Datio
2.08
5
.203
.53
2
.8
Cinear-by-Cinear Association = of alid 'ases
5
a. 8 cells (1.@) have eEected count less than 1. he minimum eEected count is .8.
