Conditional sentence sentencess - type I Use
It is possible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause. Form if clause
Simple Present
main clause will-future or infinitive or Modal + infinitive
Examples
If I study, I will pass the exams. If you see ohn ohn tonight, tonight, tell him to e-mail e-mail me. If !en !en get getss up up earl early y, he can can cat catch ch the the bu bus. "he if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. If I study, I will pass the exams. I will will pass pass the exam examss if I study study..
Use
It is theoretically possible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause. Form if clause
Simple Past
main clause would + infinitive
or could + infinitive or might + infinitive
Examples
If I studied, If I studied,
I would pass ass the exams. I could pass the exams.
If I studied,
I might pass the exams. ams.
"he if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. If I studied, I would pass the exams. I would would pass pass the exams exams if I studi studied. ed.
Conditional sentences - type III #onditional sentences $if-clauses, main clauses% Use
It is impossible to fulfil a condition which is given in the if-clause. Form if clause
Past Perfect
main clause would + have + past participle
or could + have + past participle or might + have + past participle
Examples
If I ha had st studied, If I ha had st studied, If I ha had st studied,
I wo would ha have pa passe ssed th the ex exams. ams. I co could ha have pa passed the ex exams. I mi might ha have pa passed sed th the ex exams.
"he if-clause can be at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. If I had studied, I would have passed the exams. I would would have have passed passed the the exams exams if I had had studied. studied.
Conditional sentences, type I, statements - Exercise 1 Explanaton: Conditonal senences - ype I
Pu he verbs in brackes ino he gaps. Form a Conditonal senence - ype I. nly use he willfuure in he main clauses.
!oggle example
(to study)% I
"# I$ I &# I$ he sun
(to pass) he exams.
(to shine)% 'e
(to walk) o he o'n.
(to have) a emperaure% he
(# I$ he )# I$ my $riends
(to come)% I
*# I$ she
(to earn) a lo o$ money% she
# I$ 'e
(to travel) o ondon% 'e
(to see) he docor. (to be) very happy. (to fy) o +e' ,ork. (to visit) he museums.
/# I$ you
(to wear) sandals in he mounains% you
(to slip) on he rocks.
0# I$ 1ia
(to orget) her home'ork% he eacher
(to give) her a lo' mark.
2# I$ hey
(to go) o he disco% hey
"3# I$ you
(to wait) a minue% I
(to listen) o loud music. (to ask) my parens.
Conditional sentences, type II, statements - Exercise 1 Explanaton: Conditonal senences - ype II
Pu he verbs in brackes ino he gaps. Form a Conditonal senence - ype II.
!oggle example
(to come) home earlier% I
"# I$ I
(to prepare) dinner.
(to live) in 1ome% Francesco
&# I$ 'e (# I$ !im and !om
(to be) older% hey (to be) my $riend% I
)# I$ he *# I$ 4usan # I$ hey /# I$ you 0# I$ 6ichael
(to visit) us. (to play) in our hockey eam. (to invite) him o my birhday pary.
(to study) harder% she
(to be) be5er a school.
(to have) enough money% hey (to do) a paper round% you
(to buy) a ne' car. (to earn) a li5le exra money.
(to get) more pocke money% he
(to ask) 7oris ou $or dinner.
2# I$ 'e
(to hurry)% 'e
(to catch) he bus.
"3# I$ i
(to rain)% +ina
(to take) an umbrella 'ih her.
Conditional sentences, type III, Negations - Exercise Explanaton: Conditonal senences - ype III
Pu he verbs in brackes ino he gaps. Form a Conditonal senence - ype III. 6ind he negatons in he senences.
!oggle example
"# I$ you
(to check) he car% i
(not/to break) do'n in he
middle o$ he deser. &# I$ i (# I$ my parens
(not/to rain)% he children (not/to be) so tred% hey
(to play) ouside. (to watch) he
8lm on !9. )# I$ she
(to buy) a ne' hard disk% she
(not/to lose) all
daa. *# I$ 'e # I$ !om /# I$ he police 0# I$ his older broher
(to use) he o'n map% 'e
(not/to get) los.
(to eat) more salad% he
(not/to catch) a cold.
(not/to stop) me% I
(to reach) you in tme.
(not/to drive) so $as% he
(not/to
(not/to cheat) a he es% his eacher
(not/to
crash) ino he oher car. 2# I$ Fred
phone) his $aher. "3# I$ I he second goal.
(not/to switch o) he radio% I
(to know) abou
Present Perfect Progressive - Use 1) Actions beginning in the past and still continuing (focus is on the action) - mostly ith since (point of time) or for (period of time)
I have been waiting for you for three hours. $It was a long time.%
!) "ecently completed actions (focus is on the action)
She has been watching too many videos. $It was too much time.%
#ignal ords
all day, the whole day, since, for &uestions with how long
Form
have'has + been + infinitive + -ing
$%amples Afirmative sentences:
I have been playing handball. I&ve been playing handball.
(ou have been playing handball. (ou)ve been playing handball.
Negative sentences:
I have not been playing handball. I)ve not been playing handball. I haven)t been playing handball.
(ou have not been playing handball. (ou)ve not been playing handball. (ou haven)t been playing handball.
Questions:
'ave I been playing handball*
ave you been playing handball*
"here are no unambiguous signal ords for the Present Perfect Progressive. e often use expressions of time with this tense. "he following words'phrases can indicate that the Present Perfect Progressive should be used all day the hole day since for uestions ith ho long $$"CI#$
%Put in the verbs in Present Perfect Progressive and form negative sentences.
"oggle example
% #arl
to the teacher for the last ten minutes. (not/to listen)
/% "he students 0% 1im
to learn the new words. (not/to try) crossword pu22les. (not/to do)
3% "he teachers 4% I 5% "he doctor 6% "hey 7% e 8% My father 9% :ac;
in the sun. (not/to lie) in the last lesson. (not/to sleep) the patients. (not/to examine) loudly. (not/to laugh) the whole evening. (not/to phone) dinner. (not/to prepare) the whole evening. (not/to dance)
Past Perfect - Use 1) *ogether ith the #imple Past
Mary had read the boo; before she watched a film.
!) the past e+uivalent of the Present Perfect
e had played hoc;ey.
#ignal ords
no unambiguous ones
Form
had + past participle
$%amples Afirmative sentences:
I had played hoc;ey. (ou had played hoc;ey. I)d played hoc;ey. (ou)d played hoc;ey. Negative sentences:
I had not played hoc;ey. I)d not played hoc;ey. I hadn)t played hoc;ey.
(ou had not played hoc;ey. (ou)d not played hoc;ey. (ou hadn)t played hoc;ey.
Questions:
ad you played hoc;ey* ad you played hoc;ey*
Attention Past Perfect - #imple Past
"he match had started when he arrived.
#imple Past - #imple Past
"he match started when he arrived.
$$"CI#$ !)Put in the verbs in brac;ets into the gaps and form sentences in Past Perfect .
"oggle example
% She
in Sweden before she went to =orway. (to live)
/% >fter we
the cornfla;es, enry came in. (to eat)
0% !efore 1en ran to 1erry)s house, he 3% >fter they
him. (to phone)
their ruc;sac;s, they rode away on their bi;es. (to pack)
4% ?erry helped his grandma in the house because his father
him so. (to tell)
5% "he cat hid under the chair because the children
so loud. (to be)
6% !efore the students started to write, the teacher
their mobile phones. (to collect)
7% >fter Max
his brea;fast, he left the flat. (to finish)
8% @aura repaired her glasses because her brother 9% !y the time the show began, all friends
them. (to break) . (to arrive)
Conditional sentences, type I, negations - Exercise Explanaton: Conditonal senences - ype I
Pu he verbs in brackes ino he gaps. Form a Conditonal senence - ype I. nly use he willfuure in he main clauses. 6ind he negatons in he senences.
!oggle example
"# I$ i &# I$ she
(to rain)% he children (not/to read) he novel% she
(not/to go) $or a 'alk. (not/to pass) he lieraure
es. (# I$ I )# I$ 'e
(not/to argue) 'ih my $aher% he (to take) he bus% 'e
(to lend) me his moorbike. (not/to arrive) in tme.
*# I$ 7ick
(not/to buy) he book% his $riends
(to be) angry 'ih him.
# I$ !om
(not/to dy up) his room% 9icoria
(not/to help) him 'ih
he muns.
(not/to play) $ooball% he girls
/# I$ he boys
(not/to come) o he
$ooball pich. 0# I$ you 2# I$ I
(to eat) oo much ;unk $ood% you
(not/to lose) 'eigh.
(not/to make) break$as omorro' morning% my girl$riend
(not/to love) me anymore. "3# I$ hey
(not/to hurry)% hey
(not/to catch) he rain.
Conditional sentences, type II, negations - Exercise Explanaton: Conditonal senences - ype II
Pu he verbs in brackes ino he gaps. Form a Conditonal senence - ype II. 6ind he negatons in he senences.
!oggle example
"# I$ liver &# I$ hey
(to nd) money% he
(not/to keep) i.
(not/to wear) pullovers in he mounains% i
(to be) oo
cold during he nigh. (# I$ !ony
(to know) her phone number% he
(not/to give) i o
Frank. )# I$ 'e
(not/to visit) his museum% you
(not/to write) a good
repor. *# I$ i # I$
(not/to be) so lae% 'e
(to play) a game o$ chess.
(not/to like)
(not/to buy) her an ice-cream. (not/to go) o Eric>s pary.
0# I$ you
(to drop) his bo5le% i
2# I$ she
(not/to bully) her classmaes% she
(not/to break). (to have) more
$riends. "3# I$ he
(not/to print) he documen% I
(not/to correct) i.
Conditional sentences, type III, Negations - Exercise Explanaton: Conditonal senences - ype III
Pu he verbs in brackes ino he gaps. Form a Conditonal senence - ype III. 6ind he negatons in he senences.
!oggle example
"# I$ you
(to check) he car% i
(not/to break) do'n in he
middle o$ he deser. &# I$ i (# I$ my parens
(not/to rain)% he children (not/to be) so tred% hey
(to play) ouside. (to watch) he
8lm on !9. )# I$ she
(to buy) a ne' hard disk% she
(not/to lose) all
daa. *# I$ 'e # I$ !om /# I$ he police 0# I$ his older broher
(to use) he o'n map% 'e
(not/to get) los.
(to eat) more salad% he
(not/to catch) a cold.
(not/to stop) me% I
(to reach) you in tme.
(not/to drive) so $as% he
(not/to
(not/to cheat) a he es% his eacher
(not/to
crash) ino he oher car. 2# I$ Fred
phone) his $aher. "3# I$ I he second goal.
(not/to switch o) he radio% I
(to know) abou
!ind t"e correct conditions - Exercise 1 Explanaton: Conditonal senences
Find he correc conditons ?ypes o$ i$-clauses#. 6ind he underlined verb $orms.
"# If i rains, I'll wear a raincoa. ype I ?probable conditon# ype II ?improbable conditon# ype III ?impossible conditon# &# If we had aken enough waer, we wouldn' have been hirsy. ype I ?probable conditon# ype II ?improbable conditon# ype III ?impossible conditon# (# If he children were older, hey would go o he pary. ype I ?probable conditon# ype II ?improbable conditon# ype III ?impossible conditon# )# Harry could y o Helsinki if he had ore oney. ype I ?probable conditon# ype II ?improbable conditon# ype III ?impossible conditon# *# If !ark does he washing up, his oher will have ore te for hi. ype I ?probable conditon# ype II ?improbable conditon# ype III ?impossible conditon# # "ha would you do if you saw a burglar# ype I ?probable conditon# ype II ?improbable conditon# ype III ?impossible conditon# /# "e igh have had a glass of ho chocolae if you had bough soe ilk. ype I ?probable conditon# ype II ?improbable conditon# ype III ?impossible conditon# 0# If I were you I should keep he secre. ype I ?probable conditon#
ype III ?impossible conditon# 2# $on would undersand ore if he eacher spoke clearly. ype I ?probable conditon# ype II ?improbable conditon# ype III ?impossible conditon# "3# If %oris had go up earlier, she wouldn' have been lae for school. ype I ?probable conditon# ype II ?improbable conditon# ype III ?impossible conditon#
Conditional sentences, type I, statements - Exercise 1
"# I$ I sudy% I will pass he exams. &# I$ he sun shines% 'e will walk o he o'n. (# I$ he has a emperaure% he will see he docor. )# I$ my $riends coe% I will be very happy. *# I$ she earns a lo o$ money% she will y o +e' ,ork. # I$ 'e ravel o ondon% 'e will visi he museums. /# I$ you wear sandals in he mounains% you will slip on he rocks. 0# I$ 1ia forges her home'ork% he eacher will give her a lo' mark. 2# I$ hey go o he disco% hey will lisen o loud music. "3# I$ you wai a minue% I will ask my parens.
Conditional sentences, type II, statements - Exercise 1
"# I$ I cae home earlier% I would prepare dinner. &# I$ 'e lived in 1ome% Francesco would visi us. (# I$ !im and !om were older% hey would play in our hockey eam. )# I$ he was my $riend% I would invie him o my birhday pary. *# I$ 4usan sudied harder% she would be be5er a school. # I$ hey had enough money% hey would buy a ne' car. /# I$ you did a paper round% you would earn a li5le exra money. 0# I$ 6ichael go more pocke money% he would ask 7oris ou $or dinner. 2# I$ 'e hurried% 'e would cach he bus. "3# I$ i rained% +ina would ake an umbrella 'ih her.
Conditional sentences, type III, Negations - Exercise
"# I$ you had checked he car% i would no have broken do'n in he middle o$ he deser. &# I$ i had no rained% he children would have played ouside. (# I$ my parens had no been so tred% hey would have wached he 8lm on !9. )# I$ she had bough a ne' hard disk% she would no have los all daa. *# I$ 'e had used he o'n map% 'e would no have go los. # I$ !om had eaen more salad% he would no have caugh a cold. /# I$ he police had no sopped me% I would have reached you in tme. 0# I$ his older broher had no driven so $as% he would no have crashed ino he oher car. 2# I$ Fred had no cheaed a he es% his eacher would no have phoned his $aher. "3# I$ I had no swiched o& he radio% I would have known abou he second goal.
Conditional sentences, type I, negations - Exercise
"# I$ i rains% he children will no go $or a 'alk. &# I$ she does no read he novel% she will no pass he lieraure es. (# I$ I do no argue 'ih my $aher% he will lend me his moorbike. )# I$ 'e ake he bus% 'e will no arrive in tme. *# I$ 7ick does no buy he book% his $riends will be angry 'ih him. # I$ !om does no tdy up his room% 9icoria will no help him 'ih he muns. /# I$ he boys do no play $ooball% he girls will no coe o he $ooball pich. 0# I$ you ea oo much ;unk $ood% you will no lose 'eigh. 2# I$ I do no ake break$as omorro' morning% my girl$riend will no love me anymore. "3# I$ hey do no hurry% hey will no cach he rain.
Conditional sentences, type II, negations - Exercise
"# I$ liver found money% he would no keep i. &# I$ hey did no wear pullovers in he mounains% i would be oo cold during he nigh. (# I$ !ony knew her phone number% he would no give i o Frank. )# I$ 'e did no visi his museum% you would no wrie a good repor. *# I$ i was no so lae% 'e would play a game o$ chess. # I$ s pary. 0# I$ you dropped his bo5le% i would no break. 2# I$ she did no bully her classmaes% she would have more $riends. "3# I$ he did no prin he documen% I would no correc i.
Conditional sentences, type III, Negations - Exercise
"# I$ you had checked he car% i would no have broken do'n in he middle o$ he deser. &# I$ i had no rained% he children would have played ouside. (# I$ my parens had no been so tred% hey would have wached he 8lm on !9. )# I$ she had bough a ne' hard disk% she would no have los all daa. *# I$ 'e had used he o'n map% 'e would no have go los. # I$ !om had eaen more salad% he would no have caugh a cold. /# I$ he police had no sopped me% I would have reached you in tme. 0# I$ his older broher had no driven so $as% he would no have crashed ino he oher car. 2# I$ Fred had no cheaed a he es% his eacher would no have phoned his $aher. "3# I$ I had no swiched o& he radio% I would have known abou he second goal.
!ind t"e correct conditions - Exercise 1
"# I$ i rains% I>ll 'ear a raincoa. ype I probable conditon( &# I$ 'e had aken enough 'aer% 'e 'ouldn> have been hirsy. ype III ipossible conditon( (# I$ he children 'ere older% hey 'ould go o he pary. ype II iprobable conditon( )# @arry could Ay o @elsinki i$ he had more money. ype II iprobable conditon( *# I$ 6ark does he 'ashing up% his moher 'ill have more tme $or him. ype I probable conditon( # Bha 'ould you do i$ you sa' a burglar ype II iprobable conditon( /# Be migh have had a glass o$ ho chocolae i$ you had bough some milk. ype III ipossible conditon( 0# I$ I 'ere you I should keep he secre. ype II iprobable conditon( 2# 1on 'ould undersand more i$ he eacher spoke clearly. ype II iprobable conditon( "3# I$ 7oris had go up earlier% she 'ouldn> have been lae $or school. ype III ipossible conditon(
