Composition and formulation formulation of mineral mixture mixture for feeding of dairy animals.
Manoj Sharma Deputy Director (Training) Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kendra, Kapurthala Kapurthala , 144 144 620,Punjab 620,Punjab ( India)
[email protected] The total mineral requirement of an animal is partially met through the daily ration being fed by the dairy farmer. However, in order to get optimum production from the domestic animals , the ration must be supplemented with the mineral mixt mixtur ure. e. The The mine minera rals ls requ require ired d by the the anim animal al body body are are calc calcium ium,, phos phosph phor orus us,, magnesium, magnesium, potassium, potassium, zinc, zinc, manganes manganese, e, sodium, sodium, chlorine, chlorine, iron, copper, copper, cobalt, cobalt, iodine, sulphur and molybdenum. According According to Bureau Bureau of Indian Standard Standards, s, at least 90 per cent of material material (min (miner eral al mixtu mixture re)) shou should ld pass pass thro throug ugh h 1.18 1.18 mm IS siev sieve e and and shou should ld have have the the following specifications. Parameter
Limit
Moisture
Max. 7.0 %
Calcium
Min. 32.0 %
Phosphorus
Min. 15.0 %
Crude fat
Max. 1.0 %
Fluorine
Max. 0.06 %
Acid Acid ins insol olub uble le ash ash Max. Max. 1.0 1.0 % The meal should be free from Salmonella and Anthrax spores. The other specifications are given in Table 2.
Table 2. BIS Specifications for mineral mixtures containing salt (Type I) and without salt ( Type II) for supplementing cattle feeds. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sr.No. Characteristic Type I Type II ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Moisture, % by mass ,max. 5.0 5.0 2. Calcium, % by mass ,min. 18.0 23.0 3. Phosphorus, % by mass ,min. 9.0 12.0 4. Magnesium, % by mass ,min. 5.0 6.5 5. Salt , % by mass ,min. 22.0 6. Iron, % by mass ,min. 0.4 0.5 7. Iodine as (KI) , % by mass ,min. 0.02 0.026 8. Copper, % by mass ,min. 0.06 0.077 9. Manganese, % by mass ,min. 0.1 0.12 10. Cobalt, % by mass ,min. 0.09 0.012 11. fluorine, % by mass ,max. 0.05 0.07 12. Zinc, % by mass ,min. 0.3 0.38 13. Sulphur, % by mass ,max. 0.4 0.5 14. Acid insoluble ash, % by mass ,max. 3 2.5 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A formulae is given as under in order to formulate mineral mixture at domestic level, a dairy farmer can make use of this formulation by taking care of the quantities mentioned of each chemical salt. Table 3. Formulation of mineral mixture without salt for dairy animals. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sr. No. Ingredient Kg./100 Kg. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Di calcium Phosphate Lime stone powder Magnesium Sulphate Ferrous Sulphate Copper Sulphate Manganese Sulphate Zinc Oxide Cobalt Sulphate Potassium iodide Sodium thiosulphate
55.0 30.0 10.0 2.0 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.08 0.10 1.57
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rate of feeding mineral mixture to different categories of animals. Type of animal For growing animal
Rate of feeding 15-20 g/d
Low milk producers (less than 5 Kg.)
20-30 g/d
Medium milk producers ( 6-10 kg.)
30-50 g/d
High milk producers (11-20 kg.)
50-70 g/d
Pregnant animals
about 100 g/d
Method of feeding of mineral mixture 1. Mix 2-3 kg. of minera minerall mixture mixture per 100 kg. of concentrate concentrate.. 2. In case a deficiency is noticed , feed mineral mixture @ 50 g /d in the daily
morning and evening diet. 3. Try to feed green green fodder fodder throughout throughout the the year by following following a suitable suitable croppin cropping g scheme.
