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@kf ~hg{ic qjl~k shklq rglnk~ }hkf ~j|lfm shjs) aknj{~k shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, ~jlc? ’Olaqkki nj`k sg `k jfc sgic `k sg skii `| ng`tjflgf~ jfc shg~k }hg jqk }lsh `k sg qjl~k shklq rglnk~ }hkf qknlslfm shk Sjial|jh&‐ Nij~~kc j~ ~jhkkh
a| jiJiajjfl lf ^jhkkh Jal Cj}ggc) :;<<& Jfc hk (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, ~jlc? ’Shk ak~s gb Hjoo l~ shjs lf }hlnh rglnk~ jqk qjl~kc lf shk Sjial|jh jfc shk aiggc gb shk ~jnqlblnlji jfl`ji big}~&‐ Nij~~kc j~ hj~jf a| ji Jiajjfl lf ^jhkkh jiOjj`l“) :::1& J }g`jf ~hg{ic qknlsk lf ~{nh j `jffkq shjs shg~k }hg jqk ak~lck hkq njf hkjq ls) {fik~~ shkqk l~ j `jf ak~lck hkq }hg l~ fgs gfk gb hkq `jhqj`~) lf }hlnh nj~k ~hk ~hg{ic qknlsk ls ~likfsi|& Lb shk tkq~gf }hg l~ kfskqlfm lhqjj` bkjq~ ~g`k ga~sjnik shjs `j| tqkrkfs hl` bqg` ng`tikslfm hl~ tlimql`jmk (~{nh j~ ~lnefk~~) jf kfk`|) aklfm ~sgttkc bqg` tqgnkkclfm jf| b{qshkq) ksn,) shkf hk ~hg{ic ~slt{ijsk j ngfclslgf }hkf kfskqlfm lhqjj` a| ~j|lfm) ’Lb L j` tqkrkfskc shkf `| kxlslfm lhqjj` l~ }hkqk L j` tqkrkfskc‐ „ l&k&) lb ~g`kshlfm tqkrkfs~ `k
bqg` ng`tikslfm `| tlimql`jmk ~{nh j~ ~lnefk~~ gq ckij| ksn) shkf L }lii kxls `| lhqjj`& Shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, ng``jfckc C{ajj“jh alfs ji _{aj|q) }hkf ~hk }jfskc sg kfskq lhqjj` a{s ~hk }j~ ~lne) sg ~slt{ijsk ~{nh j ngfclslgf) jfc hk ~jlc) ’\g{q ngfclslgf l~ rjilc }lsh |g{q Igqc&‐ Fjqqjskc a| ji A{ehjjql (;48<, jfc @{~il` (:14=,& Lb hk ~slt{ijsk~ shl~ ngfclslgf jfc ~g`kshlfm hjttkf~ sg tqkrkfs hl` bqg` ng`tikslfm hl~ tlimql`jmk) shkf hk njf kxls hl~ lhqjj` jfc cgk~ fgs hjrk sg cg jf|shlfm (l&k&) gbbkq j ~jnqlblnk lf ng`tkf~jslgf,& A{s shk gfk }hg cgk~ fgs bkjq shjs ~g`k ga~sjnik `j| tqkrkfs hl` bqg` ng`tikslfm hl~ tlimql`jmk cgk~ fgs hjrk sg ~slt{ijsk jf| ngfclslgf~) aknj{~k shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, clc fgs ~slt{ijsk ngfclslgf~ fgq clc hk ng``jfc krkq|gfk sg cg ~g& Qjshkq hk sgic C{ajj“jh alfs ji _{aj|q sg cg shjs aknj{~k ~hk }j~ ~lne& Shk `{hql` (tkq~gf }hg hj~ kfskqkc lhqjj`, ~hg{ic qknlsk shk Sjial|jh j mqkjs ckji) k~tknljii| }hkf nlqn{`~sjfnk~ jfc sl`k~ nhjfmk) ~{nh j~ }hkf mglfm {t sg j hlmh tijnk gq mglfm cg}f sg j ig} tijnk) gq }hkf flmhs gq cj| akmlf& Jbskq shjs hk ~hg{ic j~e Jiijjh bgq Hl~ mggc tikj~{qk jfc bgq Tjqjcl~k) jfc ~kke qkb{mk lf Hl~ @kqn| bqg` shk Blqk& Shk Sjial|jh l~ tqk~nqlakc lf ‘[`qjh bqg` shk `g`kfs gfk kfs kq~ lhqjj` {fsli gfk ~sjqs~
Sj}jjb& ]hkf hk ~sjqs~ Sj}jjb hk ~hg{ic ~sgt qknlslfm shk Sjial|jh& Mh{~i }hkf kfskqlfm @jeejh
]hkf shk tlimql` jttqgjnhk~ @jeejh) hk ~hg{ic cg mh{~i akbgqk kfskqlfm) lb tg~~laik) aknj{~k shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, clc mh{~i }hkf hk kfskqkc @jeejh& Fjqqjskc a| @{~il`) :1;<&
1& SJ]JJB Shkf }hkf hk kfskq~ ji@j~olc jiHjqjj` hk ~hg{ic cg ~g }lsh hl~ qlmhs bggs blq~s) jfc ~j|) ’Al~`liijjh }j“i~jijjs{ }j“i~jijj` ‘jij Qj~ggiJiijjh& Jiijjh{``j lmhblq il ch{fggal }jbsjh il ja}jja qjh`jslej& J“ggch{ Aliijjh li ‘Jkk` }j al }johlh li ejqkk` }j al ~{isjjflh li‘zjckk` `lf ji^hj|sjjf liqjokk` (Lf shk fj`k gb Jiijjh) jfc aik~~lfm~ jfc tkjnk ak {tgf shk @k~~kfmkq gb Jiijjh& G Jiijjh) bgqmlrk `k `| ~lf~ jfc gtkf sg `k shk mjsk~ gb \g{q `kqn|& L ~kke qkb{mk }lsh Jiijjh shk Ji`lmhs| jfc lf Hl~ fgaik Ng{fskfjfnk jfc Hl~ kskqfji tg}kq bqg` shk jnn{q~kc ^jsjf,&‐ Shkf hk ~hg{ic mg sg shk Aijne ^sgfk lf
gqckq sg ~sjqs sj}jjb& Hk ~hg{ic sg{nh shk ^sgfk }lsh hl~ qlmhs hjfc jfc el~~ ls5 lb hk njffgs el~~ ls shkf hk ~hg{ic sg{nh ls }lsh hl~ hjfc jfc el~~ hl~ hjfc& Lb hk njffgs sg{nh ls }lsh hl~ hjfc shkf hk ~hg{ic bjnk shk ^sgfk jfc tglfs sg ls }lsh hl~ hjfc jfc ~j| ’Jiijjh{ jeajq‐)
a{s hk ~hg{ic fgs el~~ hl~ hjfc& Shkf }hkf hk kfskq~ ji@j~olc jiHjqjj` hk ~hg{ic cg ~g }lsh hl~ qlmhs bggs blq~s) jfc ~j|) ’Al~`liijjh }j“i~jijjs{ }j“i~jijj` ‘jij Qj~ggiJiijjh& Jiijjh{``j lmhblq il ch{fggal }jbsjh il ja}jja qjh`jslej& J“ggch{ Aliijjh li ‘Jkk` }j al }johlh li ejqkk` }j al ~{isjjflh li‘zjckk` `lf ji^hj|sjjf liqjokk` (Lf shk fj`k gb Jiijjh) jfc aik~~lfm~ jfc tkjnk ak {tgf shk @k~~kfmkq gb Jiijjh& G Jiijjh) bgqmlrk `k `| ~lf~ jfc gtkf sg `k shk mjsk~ gb \g{q `kqn|& L ~kke qkb{mk }lsh Jiijjh shk Ji`lmhs| jfc lf Hl~ fgaik Ng{fskfjfnk jfc Hl~ kskqfji tg}kq bqg` shk jnn{q~kc ^jsjf,&‐ Shkf hk ~hg{ic mg sg shk Aijne ^sgfk lf
gqckq sg ~sjqs sj}jjb& Hk ~hg{ic sg{nh shk ^sgfk }lsh hl~ qlmhs hjfc jfc el~~ ls5 lb hk njffgs el~~ ls shkf hk ~hg{ic sg{nh ls }lsh hl~ hjfc jfc el~~ hl~ hjfc& Lb hk njffgs sg{nh ls }lsh hl~ hjfc shkf hk ~hg{ic bjnk shk ^sgfk jfc tglfs sg ls }lsh hl~ hjfc jfc ~j| ’Jiijjh{ jeajq‐)
a{s hk ~hg{ic fgs el~~ hl~ hjfc&
Shkqk l~ j mqkjs ckji gb rlqs{k lf sg{nhlfm shk Aijne ^sgfk) aknj{~k shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, ~jlc? ’Jiijjh }lii qjl~k {t shk Aijne ^sgfk gf shk Cj| gb Qk~{qqknslgf jfc ls }lii hjrk s}g k|k~ }lsh }hlnh ls }lii ~kk jfc j sgfm{k }lsh }hlnh ls }lii ~tkje) jfc ls }lii akjq }lsfk~~ bgq shg~k }hg sg{nhkc ls lf ~lfnkqls|&‐ Nij~~kc j~ ~jhkkh a| jiJiajjfl lf ^jhkkh jiSjqmhkka }j“iSjqhkka) ::33& Ls l~ aksskq fgs sg nqg}c jqg{fc jfc nj{~k jffg|jfnk sg tkgtik gq ak jffg|kc a| shk`) aknj{~k gb shk hjckksh lf }hlnh shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, ~jlc sg ‘[`jq? ’G ‘[`jq) |g{ jqk j ~sqgfm `jf) cg fgs nqg}c jqg{fc shk ^sgfk jfc cl~s{qa shk }kje& Lb |g{ blfc ~tjnk) shkf sg{nh ls) gshkq}l~k o{~s bjnk ls jfc ~j| ‘Jiijjh{ jeajq&“‐ Fjqqjskc a| Jh`jc) :<:5 nij~~kc j~ zj}l| a| jiJiajjfl lf Ql~jjijs @jfjj~le jiHj oo }j“i ‘[`qjh) t& 1:& Shkf hk ~hg{ic `grk sg}jqc~ shk qlmhs) }lsh shk Ej“ajh gf hl~ ikbs) jfc }hkf hk qkjnhk~
shk \k`kfl Ngqfkq (jiQ{ef ji\j`jjfl) }hlnh }hlnh l~ shk shlqc ngqfkq jbskq shk Aijne ^sgfk, hk
~hg{ic sg{nh ls) }lshg{s el~~lfm hl~ hjfc gq ~j|lfm ’Jiijjh{ jeajq‐& Lb hk njffgs sg{nh ls shkf hk ~hg{ic `grk gf) jfc fgs nqg}c jqg{fc ls& Aks}kkf shk \k`kfl Ngqfkq jfc shk Aijne ^sgfk hk ~hg{ic ~j|) ’Qjaajfjj jjslfj bl“i c{f|j hj~jfjh }j bl“ijjehlqjh hj~jfjh }j zlffj ‘jchjja jiFjjq (G{q Igqc* Mlrk {~ lf shl~ }gqic shjs }hlnh l~ mggc jfc lf shk Hkqkjbskq shjs }hlnh l~ mggc) jfc ~jrk {~ bqg` shk sgq`kfs gb shk Blqk,&‐ Fjqqjskc a| Ja{
Cj}ggc jfc nij~~kc j~ hj~jf a| jiJiajjfl lf ^jhkkh Jal Cj}ggc) :222&
Krkq| sl`k hk tj~~k~ shk Aijne ^sgfk hk ~hg{ic bjnk l s jfc ~j| ‘Jiijjh{ jeajq“) jfc lf shk qk~s gb hl~ sj}jjb hk ~hg{ic qknlsk }hjskrkq hk ilek~ gb chleq) c{“jj“ jfc Z{q“jjf) aknj{~k sj}jjb jqg{fc shk Ej“ajh hj~ akkf k~sjail~hkc bgq shk qk`k`aqjfnk gb Jiijjh&
Lf Sj}jjb `kf ~hg{ic cg s}g s }g shlfm~? : „ [fngrkqlfm shk qlmhs ~hg{ickq (lcslajj“, bqg` shk akmlfflfm gb sj}jjb {fsli shk kfc& Shl~
l~ cgfk a| tijnlfm shk `lccik gb shk qlcj“ ({ttkq mjq`kfs, akfkjsh shk qlmhs jq`tls jfc shk kfc~ gb shk qlcj“ grkq shk ikbs ~hg{ickq& ]hkf shk tlimql` blfl~hk~ sj}jjb) hk ~h g{ic t{s hl~ qlcj“ ajne j~ ls }j~ akbgqk sj}jjb) aknj{~k shk sl`k bgq }kjqlfm ls }lsh gfk ~hg{ickq
{fngrkqkc l~ gfi| lf sj}jjb&
1 „ Qj`i lf shk blq~s shqkk nlqn{ls~ gfi|& Qj`i `kjf~ }jielfm z{lnei| }lsh ~hgqs ~skt~& Lf shk ij~s bg{q nlqn{ls~ shkqk l~ fg qj`i) q j`i) qjshkq shk tlimql` ~hg{ic }jie fgq`jii|& ]hkf shk tlimql` hj~ ng`tikskc ~krkf nlqn{ls~ gb sj}jjb) hk ~hg{ic ngrkq hl~ qlmhs ~hg{ickq jfc shkf mg sg shk ^sjslgf gb Laqjjhkk` (@jzjj` Laqjjhkk`, jfc qknlsk shk }gqc~ (lfskqtqksjslgf gb shk `kjflfm,? ’Jfc sjek |g{ (tkgtik, shk @jzjj` (tijnk, gb Laqjjhkk` (Jaqjhj`, Ugq shk ~sgfk gf }hlnh Laqjjhkk` (Jaqjhj`, ~sggc }hlik hk }j~ a{liclfm shk Ej‘ajhP j~ j tijnk gb tqj|kq (bgq ~g`k gb |g{q tqj|kq~) k&m& s}g Qje‘js jbskq shk Sj}jjb gb shk Ej‘ajh js @jeejh,)‐
UjiAjzjqjh 1?:1;P Shkf hk ~hg{ic tqj| s}g qje“jh~ akhlfc shk ^sjslgf5 lf shk blq~s qje“jh jbskq qknlslfm ji Bjjslhjh hk ~hg{ic qknlsk \jj j||jhj“iejjblqggf (^ggqjs jiEjjblqggf :4<, jfc lf shk
~kngfc Z{i H{}j Jiijjh{ jhjc (^ggqjs jiLehijj~ ::1,& ^lfnk shkqk jqk j igs gb tkgtik cglfm sj}jb ~g tqj|lfm js shk ~sjslgf }lii nj{~k lfngfrkflkfnk ~g gfk njf tqj| j ilssik bjq j}j| }hkqk tqj|lfm `js~ jqk shkqk& Shkf }hkf hk hj~ blfl~hkc shl~ tqj|kq hk ~hg{ic mg sg shk Aijne ^sgfk jfc sg{nh ls lb hk njf& Ls l~ tqk~nqlakc js shl~ tglfs sg sg{nh ls gfi|5 lb hk njffgs cg shjs shkf hk ~hg{ic mg j}j| jfc fgs tglfs sg ls&
>& ^J“JL Shkf hk ~hg{ic mg g{s sg shk @j~“jj (tijnk bgq ~jj“l, jfc }hkf hk ng`k~ fkjq sg ji ^jbj“
hk ~hg{ic qknlsk (lfskqtqksjslgf gb shk `kjflfm,?
’Rkqli|) J~^jbj jfc Ji@jq}jh (s}g `g{fsjlf~ lf @jeejh, jqk gb shk ^|`agi~ gb Jiijjh‐
UjiAjzjqjh 1?:;8P Jfc hk ~hg{ic ~j|? ’Fjacj“{ al`j ajcj“j Jiijjh alhl (]k ~sjqs }lsh shjs }lsh }hlnh Jiijjh ~sjqskc,&‐
Shkf hk ~hg{ic nil`a ji^jbj {fsli hk njf ~kk shk Ej“ajh) shkf hk ~hg{ic bjnk ls jfc qjl~k
hl~ hjfc~ jfc tqjl~k Jiijjh) jfc `jek c{“jj“ j~ hk }l~hk~& Shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, {~kc sg ~j|? ’Ijj lijjhj lii Jiijjh }jhcjh{ ijj ~hjqkkej ijh) ijh{“i`{ie) }j ijh{“ihj`c) }j h{}j ‘jij e{iil ~hj|“lf zjckkq& Ijj lijjhj lii Jiijjh }jhcjh) jfojj }j“cjh) }j fj~jqj ‘jacjh) }j hjj`jj ji jhjjaj }jhcjh (Shkqk l~ fg
mgc a{s Jiijjh jigfk) }lsh fg tjqsfkq gq j~~gnljsk5 Hl~ l~ shk Cg`lflgf) jii tqjl~k l~ c{k sg Hl`) jfc Hk l~ jaik sg cg jii shlfm~& Shkqk l~ fg mgc a{s Jiijjh jigfk5 hk b{ibliikc Hl~
tqg`l~k) mqjfskc rlnsgq| sg Hl~ ~ijrk) jfc ckbkjskc shk ngfbkckqjsk~ jigfk,&‐ Fjqqjskc a|
@{~il`) :1:8&
Hk ~hg{ic qktkjs shjs shqkk sl`k~) jfc `jek c{“jj“ lf aks}kkf& Hk ~hg{ic qknlsk shl~ chleq shkf `jek c{“jj“) shkf qknlsk ls jmjlf jfc `jek c{“jj“) jfc qknlsk ls j shlqc sl`k) shkf ng`k cg}f sg ji@jq}jh) jfc fgs `jek c{“jj“ jbskq shk shlqc sl`k&
]hkf hk qkjnhk~ shk mqkkf `jqekq hk ~hg{ic q{f j~ z{lnei| j~ hk njf }lshg{s cl~s{qalfm jf|gfk) aknj{~k ls }j~ tqgrkf shjs shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, clc ~jj“l aks}kkf ji ^jbj jfc ji@jq}jh) jfc hk ~jlc) ’Shk qlrkq akc l~ fgs nqg~~kc kxnkts }lsh rlmg{q&‐ Fjqqjskc a| Laf @jjojh jf c nij~~kc j~ ~jhkkh a| jiJiajjfl lf ^jhkkh Laf @jjojh) 13:<& Shk qlrkq akc Uls }j~ j cqlkc qlrkq akc lf shk sl`k gb shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`,P hl` ,P l~ shk jqkj aks}kkf shk s}g mqkkf `jqekq~ shjs ~sjfc shkqk fg}& ]hkf hk qkjnhk~ shk ~kngfc mqkkf `jqekq) hk ~hg{ic }jie fgq`jii| {fsli hk qkjnhk~ ji @jq}jh& Hk ~hg{ic nil`a {t ls jfc s{qf sg bjnk shk zlaijh) jfc qjl~k hl~ hjfc~ jfc ~j| ~j | }hjs hk ~jlc js ji^jbj& Shkf hk ~hg{ic ng`k cg}f bqg` ji@jq}jh jfc hkjc bgq ji^jbj) }jielfm lf shk tijnk gb }jielfm jfc q{fflfm lf shk tijnk gb q{fflfm& ]hkf hk qkjnhk~ ji ^jbj hk ~hg{ic cg }hjs hk clc shk blq~s sl`k) jfc shk ~j`k }hkf hk mgk~ ajne sg ji @jq}jh) {fsli hk hj~ ng`tikskc ~krkf nlqn{ls~5 mglfm bqg` ji ^jbj“ sg ji@jq}jh l~ gfk nlqn{ls) jfc ng`lfm ajne bqg` ji@jq}jh sg ji^jbj l~ jfgshkq nlqn{ls& C{qlfm hl~ ~jj“l hk njf ~j| }hjskrkq hk ilek~ gq chleq jfc c{“jj“) jfc qknlsk Z{q“jjf&
Fgsk? Shk rkq~k (lfskqtqksjslgf gb shk `kjflfm,?
’Rkqli|) J~^jbj jfc Ji@jq}jh (s}g `g{fsjlf~ lf @jeejh, jqk gb shk ^|`agi~ gb Jiijjh‐
UjiAjzjqjh 1?:;8P ~hg{ic ak qknlskc a| shk tlimql` }hg }jfs~ sg tkqbgq` ~jj“l }hkf hk jttqgjnhk~ ji ^jbj js shk akmlfflfm gb ~jj“l gfi|& Ls l~ fgs `{~sjhjaa sg qktkjs ls krkq| sl`k hk jttqgjnhk~ ji
^jbj jfc ji@jq}jh) j~ ~g`k tkgtik cg&
3 „ ^hjrlfm shk hkjc gq n{sslfm shk hjlq ]hkf hk hj~ ng`tikskc ~krkf nlqn{ls~ (gb ~jj“l, hk ~hg{ic ~hjrk hl~ hkjc lb hk l~ j `jf)
gq n{s ~g`k gb hl~ hjlq& Lb hk ~hjrk~ hl~ hkjc hk `{~s ~hjrk hl~ kfslqk hkjc) jfc lb hk n{s~ hl~ hjlq hk `{~s n{s bqg` jii grkq hl~ hkjc& ^hjrlfm l~ aksskq shjf n{sslfm aknj{~k shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, `jck c{“jj“ shqkk sl`k~ bgq shg~k
}hg ~hjrkc shklq hkjc~ jfc gfnk bgq shg~k }hg n{s shklq hjlq& Fjqqjskc a| @{~il`) :>4>& ]g`kf ~hg{ic n{s shk ikfmsh gb j blfmkqslt bqg` shklq hjlq&
]lsh shk~k jnslgf~) ‘[`qjh l~ ng`tiksk& ^g ‘[`qjh ngf~l~s~ gb lhqjj`) sj}jjb) ~jj“l jfc ~hjrlfm shk hkjc gq n{sslfm shk hjlq&
@L^SJEK^ SHJ @L^SJEK^ SHJS S J @[HQL @[HQL@ @ ^HG[IC ^H G[IC JRGLC Shk shlfm~ }hlnh jqk bgqalcckf lf lhqjj` jqk shlfm~ }hlnh j tkq~gf `{~s qkbqjlf bqg` cglfm aknj{~k gb aklfm lf lhqjj`& Shk| jqk? : „ ^hjrlfm shk hjlq gb shk hkjc) aknj{~k Jiijjh ~j|~ (lfskqtqksjslgf gb shk `kjflfm,? ’jfc cg fgs ~hjrk |g{q hkjc~ {fsli shk Hjc| U~jnqlblnlji jfl`jiP qkjnhk~ shk tijnk gb ~jnqlblnk‐UjiAjzjqjh 1?:<2P
Shk ~nhgijq~ jcckc sg shk tqghlalslgf gf ~hjrlfm shk hkjc shk tqghlalslgf gf ~hjrlfm jf| hjlq gf shk agc|) jfc gf sql``lfm gq n{sslfm shk fjli~& Ji~g Z{jqqkilfm) blmhslfm) ja{~lfm) n{q~lfm }lshlf shk `j~olc ji hjqj` gq c{qlfm lhqj` gq {`qjh l~ tqghlalskc ~sqlnsi|&
1 „ [~lfm tkqb{`k jbskq kfskqlfm lhqjj`) }hkshkq gf gfk“~ nigshk~ gq agc|) gq lf gfk-~ bggc gq }hkf }j~hlfm shk cknkj~kc `{hql` gq lf jf| }j| }hjs~gkrkq& [~lfm tkqb{`k l~ bgqalcckf lf lhqjj` aknj{~k shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, ~jlc ngfnkqflfm j `jf }hg~k nj`ki sqj`tikc hl` sg ckjsh) ’]j~h hl` }lsh }jskq jfc igs{~ ikjrk~ jfc ~hqg{c hl` lf hl~ s}g mjq`kfs~) a{s cg fgs ngrkq hl~ hkjc gq tkqb{`k hl` }lsh hjfggs&‐ Hjfggs l~ j `lxs{qk gb tkqb{`k~ shjs l~ {~{jii| jttilkc sg shk cknkj~kc&
> „ Lfskqng{q~k) aknj{~k Jiijjh ~j|~ (lfskqtqksjslgf gb shk `kjflfm,? ’^g }hg~gkrkq lfskfc~ sg tkqbgq` Hjoo shkqklf (a| j~~{`lfm Lhqjj`,) shkf hk ~hg{ic fgs hjrk ~kx{ji qkijslgf~ (}lsh hl~ }lbk,) fgq ng``ls ~lf) fgq cl~t{sk {fo{~si| c{qlfm shk Hjoo‐Uji
Ajzjqjh 1?:<=P 3 „ Sg{nhlfm gfk“~ }lbk }lsh ck~lqk) aknj{~k shl~ ng`k~ {fckq shk mkfkqji `kjflfm gb shk thqj~k ’hk ~hg{ic fgs hjrk ~kx{ji qkijslgf~ (}lsh hl~ }lbk,‐) jfc aknj{~k ls l~ fgs tkq`l~~laik bgq shk `{hql` (tkq~gf lf lhqjj`, sg mks `jqqlkc gq sg tqgtg~k `jqqljmk „ ~g ls
l~ `gqk ileki| shjs ls l~ fgs tkq`l~~laik bgq hl` sg sg{nh hl~ }lbk }lsh ck~lqk& ; „ Eliilfm mj`k (h{fslfm,) aknj{~k Jiijjh ~j|~ (lfskqtqksjslgf ( lfskqtqksjslgf gb shk `kjflfm? ’G |g{ }hg akilkrk* Elii fgs shk mj`k }hlik |g{ jqk lf j ~sjsk gb Lhqjj` Ubgq Hjoo gq ‘[`qjh (tlimql`jmk,P‐
Uji@jj-lcjh ;?<;P J~ bgq n{sslfm cg}f shk sqkk~) shjs l~ fgs hjqjj` bgq shk `{hql`) kxnkts bgq shg~k sqkk~ }lshlf shk j`|jji) l&k&) shk ag{fcjqlk~ gb shk ~jfns{jq|) n{sslfm }hlnh l~ bgqalcckf }hkshkq gfk l~ lf lhqjj` gq f gs& Hkfnk ls l~ tkq`l~~laik sg n{s cg}f sqkk~ lf ‘Jqjbjjh krkf lb gfk l~ lf lhqjj`) aknj{~k shk tqghlalslgf gf n{sslfm cg}f sqkk~ l~ ngffknskc sg shk Hjqj` (~jfns{jq|,) fgs lhqjj`& 2 „ J tqghlalslgf }hlnh jttilk~ kxni{~lrki| sg `kf l~ }kjqlfm ~hlqs~) hggckc hggc kc qgak~) sqg{~kq~) s{qajf~ jfc ikjshkq ~ilttkq~) aknj{~k shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, }j~ j~ekc jag{s }hjs shk `{hql` ~hg{ic }kjq& Hk ~jlc? ’Hk ~hg{ic fgs }kjq j ~hlqs) hggckc qgak (a{qfg{~,) sqg{~kq~) j s{qajf gq ikjshkq ~ilttkq~&‐ A{s hk (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~
gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, `jck jf kxnktslgf bgq gfk }hg njffgs blfc jf ljjq (ig}kq mjq`kfs gq }jl~s }qjttkq,) }hg `j| }kjq sqg{~kq~) jfc gfk }hg njffgs blfc ~jfcji~) }hg `j| }kjq ikjshkq ~ilttkq~& Shk~k blrk shlfm~ jqk ck~nqlakc a| shk ~nhgijq~ j~ }kjqlfm ~k}f mjq`kfs~) ~g shk ng``gf bgie l`jmlfk shjs }kjqlfm ~k}f mjq`kfs~ `kjf~ }kjqlfm nigshk~ shjs hjrk ~slsnhlfm lf shk`) a{s shjs l~ fgs shk nj~k& ]hjs shk ~nhgijq~ `kjfs a| shjs l~ }kjqlfm nigshk~ shjs l~ sjligqkc sg bls shk agc| gq tjqs gb ls) ~{nh j~ ~hlqs~ jfc sqg{~kq~& Shl~ l~ }hjs shk| `kjfs&
Hkfnk lb j tkq~gf }kjq~ j qlcj“ ({ttkq mjq`kfs, gq ljjq (ig}kq mjq`kfs, }lsh tjsnhk~ gf ls)
shjs l~ g&e&) a{s lb hk }kjq~ j }grkf ~hlqs }lsh fg ~slsnhlfm) shjs l~ hjqjj`& = „ Gfk gb shk tqghlalslgf~ gb lhqjj` shjs jttilk~ gfi| sg }g`kf l~ flzjja qkbkq~ sg j rkli shjs ngrkq~ shk bjnk jfc ikjrk~ shk k|k~ {fngrkqkc) aknj{~k shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, bgqajck shjs& J ~l`lijq tqghlalslgf jttilk~ sg shk a{qzj “& ]hkf j }g`jf kfskq~ lhqjj`) ~hk ~hg{ic fgs }kjq j flzjja gq a{qzj“& Ls l~ tqk~nqlakc bgq
hkq sg ikjrk hkq bjnk {fngrkqkc kxnkts }hkf j fgf`jhqj` `jf tj~~k~ a| hkq) }hkf ~hk `{~s ngrkq hkq bjnk jfc ls cgk~ fgs `jsskq lb shl~ ngrkq sg{nhk~ hkq bjnk& ]lsh qkmjqc sg shk gfk }hg cgk~ jf| gb shk~k bgqalcckf shlfm~ g{s gb bgqmksb{ifk~~ gq lmfgqjfnk gq aknj{~k hk l~ bgqnkc sg cg ~g) hk cgk~ fgs hjrk sg gbbkq jf| kxtljslgf) aknj{~k Jiijjh ~j|~? ’Jfc shkqk l~ fg ~lf gf |g{ ngfnkqflfm n gfnkqflfm shjs lf }hlnh |g{ `jck j `l ~sjek kxnkts lf qkmjqc sg }hjs |g{q hkjqs~ ckilakqjski| lfskfc‐
UjiJhjja >>?;P ^g`k Gshkq @l~sjek~ }hlnh ~ngqk~ gb tkgtik `jek ?@l~sjek : 6 ]hlik kfskqlfm @j~olc Ji Hjqj` el~~lfm jfc sg{nhlfm jfc q{aalfm gf slik~ sg mjlf aik~~lfm l~ jf lffgrjslgf jfc fg}hkqk sg ak bg{fc lf ~hjqljh& @l~sjek .1& ’El~~lfm‐ shk aijne ~sgfk bqg` bjq j}j| jfc ~sgttlfm lf `lc sj}jjb sg cg ~g?
El~~lfm shk aijne ~sgfk l~ j akj{slb{i ^{ffjh) jfc jf hgfgq lfckkc bgq shk gfk }hg l~ jaik sg cg ~g& Hg}krkq) c{k sg shkÁ l``kf~k nqg}c~) j rkq| ijqmk f{`akq gb tkgtik jqk fgs jaik sgÁ qkjnh ls& ^g j ijqmk f{`akq gb tkgtik sq| sg ’el~~‐ ls bqg` bjq j}j|& ]hkf shk| jqk ilfk }lsh shk aijne ~sgfk) shk| ~sgt ckjc lf shklq sqjne~ lf `lcsj}jjb) ~sjfc bjnlfm shk aijne ~sgfk) t{s {t agsh hjfc~ gf shk ~lck gb shklq hkjc jfc ’el~~‐ shk aijne ~sgfk lf `lc jlq)Á j~ lbÁ shk aijne ~sgfk l~ qlmhs lf bqgfs gb shk`& Gq shk| shqg} ’bi|lfm el~~k~‐Á js shk aijne ~sgfk bqg` bjq j}j|) a| el~~lfm shklq hjfc~ jfc shkf ’shqg}lfm‐ shk~k el~~k~Á lf shk clqknslgf gb shk aijne ~sgfk& Ak~lck~ aklfm }qgfm) ~sgttlfm shk big} gb sj}jb nj{~k~ cl~q{tslgf jfc {ffknk~~jq| nqg}clfm lf shjs jqkj) jfc jÁ IGS gb lfngfrkflkfnk sg bkiig} Hjjol~& ’Cl~sjfnk el~~lfm‐ l~Á fgs bqg` shk ^{ffjh gb ng{q~k& Jii shk Tqgthks (^ji Jiijjh{ Jijl|hl }j ~jiij`, clc }hlik cglfm sj}jjb) }j~ sg el~~Á shk aijne ~sgfkÁ lb hk kj~li| ng{ic cg ~g) gq sg{nh ls }lsh hl~ hjfc jfc el~~Á hl~ hjfc&Á A[S) }hkf shkqk }j~ j nqg}c) jii hk clc }j~Á tglfs sg ls bqg` bjq j}j| jfc ~j| ’Jiijjh{ Jeajq‐& Á Shjs-~ ls&
Ls }j~ fjqqjskc shjs Ja{ S{bj|i (`j| JiiĊh ak tikj~kc }lsh hl`, ~jlc? L ~j} shk @k~~kfmkq gb JiiĊh (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb JiiĊh ak {tgf hl`, tkqbgq`lfm Sj}jjb jqg{fc shk Hg{~k) sg{nhlfm shk ngqfkq U}hkqk shk ^sgfk l~P }lsh j nqggekc ~sjbb }hlnh hk hjc }lsh hl`) shkf el~~lfm shk ~sjbb& U@{~il`) :1=;P Ls }j~ fjqqjskc shjs Laf á₩˙Jaajj~ ~jlc? Shk @k~~kfmkq gb JiiĊh JiiĊh (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gbJiiĊh ak {tgf hl`, tkqbgq`kc Sj}jjb gf hl~ nj`ki) jfc krkq| sl`k hk nj`k sg shk ngqfkq U}hkqk shk ^sgfk l~P hk }g{ic tglfs sg ls jfc ~j| á₩ŞJiijjh{ jeajq&á₩‡ UjiA{ehĊql) 3<8=P
Jfc shjs-~ }hjs }k fkkc sg cg& Lb |g{ jqk bjq j}j| bqg` shk aijne ~sgfk) jiiÁ |g{ cg l~ sg tglfs sg ls JiiĊh Jeajq Jeajq jfc `grk gf& Fg bjnlfm shk Ej-ajh) fg ’cl~sjfnk el~~lfm‐) fg }lsh |g{q qlmhs hjfc) ~j| JiiĊh ~sgttlfm ckjc lf |g{q sqjne~& Ekkt `grlfm jfc cgf-s cl~q{ts shk big} gb shk sj}jjb& @l~sjek .>& ^hg{slfm g{s c{j~ lf {fl~gf
^g`k tkgtik ~hg{s js shk sgt gb shklq rglnk~) lf {fl~gf) }hlikÁ `jelfm c{j c{qlfmÁ sj}jjb& Shk| bgiig} jf l`jj` gq j ikjckq }hgÁ ~j|~ g{s clbbkqkfsÁ c{j~ jig{c) jfc shkf shk bgiig}kq~ jii qktkjs jbskq hl` lf {fl~gf& Shl~ nj{~k~ j igs gbÁ ngfb{~lgf jfc cl~s{qa~ gshkq~ kfmjmkc lf shklq g}f c{j~) Á `jelfm shk` ig~k bgn{~ jfc eh{~hgg -&-& Jfc garlg{~i|) ls l~ ji~g fgs akblsslfm shjs gfk ~hg{ic ~hg{s jfc qjl~k hl~ rglnkÁ lf j tijnk ~g ~jnqkc j~ shk Hjqqj` & Shk qlmhs shlfm sg cg l~ sg efg}) akbgqk |g{ mg bgq sj}jjb) shk c{j~ shjs |g{ }lii ak `jelfm) shk Z{q-jjf |g{ }lii ak qknlslfm) ksn& ~g shjs |g{ cgf-s hjrk sg bgiig} jf|agc|& Qjshkq |g{ }lii ak `jelfm |g{q |g{q g}f g}f c{j) lf |g{q g}f ijfm{jmk) bqg` |g{q g}f hkjqs& Shl~ }lii mlrk |g{ aksskq ngfnkfsqjslgf jfc ~jsl~bjnslgf& TijfÁ |g{q c{j~Á jhkjc gb sl`k) qktkjs shk` sg |g{q~kib) }lsh h{`lils| jfc eh{~hgg e h{~hgg-& Jbskq jii) |g{-qk `jelfm c{j sg shk Gfk ]hg hkjq~ jii jfc ~kk~ jii& Shk Tqgthks (^ji Jiijjh{ Jijl|hl }j ~jiij`, ~jlc? Kjnh gfk gb |g{ l~ ngfrkq~lfm }lsh hl~ Igqc) ~g cg fgs cl~s{qa gfk jfgshkq gq qjl~k |g{q rglnk~ grkq gfk jfgshkq }hkf qkjclfm Ugq hk ~jlcP }hkf tqj|lfm& UJa{ Cj}ggc) ~jhkkh a| jiJiajjflP
@l~sjek .3&Á Ck~lmfjslfm ~tknlbln c{j~ bgqÁ ~tknlbln qg{fc~?
Shkqk jqk ~g`k tkgtik }hg `jek ~tknlbln c{j~ bgq kjnh qg{fc jfc shkqk jqk krkfÁ agge~ shjs hjrk ~tknlbln c{j~ }qlsskf bgq kjnh ~tknlblnÁ qg{fc) }lsh c{j .: sg ak qkjc bgqÁ qg{fc .: jfc ~g gf& Shl~ l~ fgs ~g`kshlfm bqg` shk ^hjqkk-jh&Á ^hjqkk-jh&Á Shk Tqgthks (^ji Jiijjh{ Jijl|hl }j ~jiij`, clc fgs qknlsk jf| ~tknlbln c{j lf jf| gb shk qg{fc~) jfc fklshkq clc hl~ ng`tjflgf~&Á Lb shkqk }j~ ~{nh j shlfm) shkf hk }g{ic hjrk sgic {~ jag{s ls) jfc hk }g{ic hjrk cgfk ~g hl`~kib blq~s& Shk gfi| c{j shjs hk clc ~tknlb| c{qlfm Sj}jjb) }j~ }hkf hk qkjnhkcÁ js shk kfc gb kjnh nlqn{ls aks}kkf shk \k`kfl Ngqfkq jfc shk Aijne ^sgfk) jfcÁ hk }g{icÁ ~j|? ’QjaajfjÁ jslfj- blcc{f|j
hj~jfjsjf }j blijehlqjsl hj~jfj }j zlfj jchjajf fjq& ’Á (G{q Igqc) mlrk {~ mggc lf shl~ }gqic jfc mggc lf shk Hkqkjbskq jfc ~jrk {~ bqg` shk t{fl~h`kfs gb shk Blqk&, @l~sjek .;& Cglfm Sj}jjb gf ~g`kgfk ki~k-~ akhjib?
@jf| tkgtik `jek shl~ `l~sjek& Shk| nlqn{`j`a{ijsk shk Ej-ajh = sl`k~ jfc shkf shk| cgfjsk shk qk}jqc gb shl~ sj}jjb Á sg shklq igrkc gfk~) shklq bj`li| `k`akq~ gq shklq qkijslrk~ }hg hjrk tj~~kc j}j|& Ji~g) }hkf tkgtik mg bgq Hjoo gq [`qjh) shklq qkijslrk~ jfc bqlkfc~ ~tknlblnjii| j~e shk` sg ’cgÁ gfk sj}jjb gf shklq akhjib‐& Shl~ l~ fgs rjilc jfcÁ shkqk l~ fg krlckfnk bgq ls~ tkq`l~~lalils|& \g{ ~kk) Sj}jjb l~ j elfc gb tqj|kq jfcÁ |g{ njffgs tqj| gf ~g`kgfk ki~k-~ akhjib& Njf |g{7 ^l`lijqi|) |g{ njffgs cgÁ o{~s sj}jjbÁ a| ls~kib gf ~g`kgfk ki~k-~ akhjib klshkq& Hg}krkq) lb |g{ }kqk cglfm jf kfslqk Hjoo gq [`qjh gf ~g`kgfk-~ akhjib) shkf shk sj}jb }g{ic ak j{sg`jslnjii| ak gf shk gshkq tkq~gf-~ akhjib jf|}j|&Á A{s sg cg sj}jjb a| ls~kib ) `kjflfm = qg{fc~ jqg{fc shk Ej-ajh jfc cgfjslfm shk qk}jqc sg ~g`kgfk ki~k l~ fgs ngqqkns&
@l~sjek .2& Mglfm sg Sjf-kk` jmjlf jfc jmjlf bgq `{isltik [`qjh~?
^g`k tkgtik tkqbgq` `{isltik [`qjh~ jbskq blfl~hlfm shklq g}f) mglfm g{s~lck @jeejh klshkq sg @j~olc Jjl~hj (Sjf-kk`, gq gshkq `kkzjjs tglfs~) t{s gf j fk} Lhqjj` jfc qktkjs [`qjh~ jmjlf jfc jmjlf& ^g`k gb shk` cg jf [`qjh j cj|) ~g`k krkf `gqk* Shl~ l~ ji~g FGS bqg` shk ^{ffjh& Jfc FGSÁ shk tqjnslnk gb shk ^jhjjajh& Lb ls }j~ mggc sg cg `{isltik [`qjh~ jii lf gfk sqlt) ~{qki| shk Tqgthks (^ji (^ji Jiijjh{ Jijl|hl }j ~jiij`, }g{ic hjrk cgfk ~g hl`~kib jfc shk ^jhjjajh }g{ic hjrk cgfk ~g sgg& A{s }k ~kk shjs jishg{mh shk Tqgthks (^ji Jiijjh{ Jijl|hl }j ~jiij`, ~sj|kc lf @knnj bgq :< cj|~ jbskq shk ngfz{k~s gb @knnj) |ks hkÁ clcÁ FGS ikjrk @knnj sgÁ cg d[`qjh) krkf shg{mh hk ng{ic hjrk kj~li| cgfk ~g& ^hkleh jid[shj|`kkf ~jlc? ’Laf Sj|`l|jh `kfslgf~ shjs shk ^jijb jqk jmqkkc shjs `jelfm `{isltik d[`qjh~ l~ cl~ilekc& Lf jf| nj~k) ikjrlfm @knnj jfc mglfm sg shk ag{fcjq| gb shk ~jnqkc tqknlfns~ sg `jek j ~kngfc gq shlqc d[`qjh l~ jf {fbg{fckc tqjnslnk shjs }j~ {fefg}f c{qlfm shk sl`k gb shk Tqgthks (tkjnk ak {tgf hl`,& Shk gfi| kxnktslgf sg shl~ }j~ shk nj~k }hkqk dJá₩℡l~hjh ~g{mhs tkq`l~~lgf sg `jek j ~lfmik d[`qjh jbskq Hjoo aknj{~k gb ~tknlji nlqn{`~sjfnk~& Lb ls }j~ mkfkqjii| qkng``kfckc sg ikjrk @knnj sg tkqbgq` d[`qjh lf shl~ }j|) shk Tqgthks (tkjnk ak {tgf hl`, }g{ic hjrk kfng{qjmkc hl~ Ng`tjflgf~ sg cg ~g&‐ Jns{jii|) lf~skjc gb `jelfm `{isltik [`qjh~) shk aksskq shlfm sg cg jfc shk }gq~hlt shjs }lii kjqf `gqk qk}jqc~ ) al lchfliijjh) l~ sg tkqbgq` j~ `jf| sj}jjb j~ |g{ njf bgq |g{q~kib& Ilek L ~jlc akbgqk) sj}jjb l~ jf Lajjcjh shjs njffgs ak cgfk jf|}hkqk ki~k kxnkts @jeejh jfc shl~ l~ j mgickf gttgqs{fls|&
@l~sjek .8& Sg{nhlfm gq }ltlfm grkq shk Ej-ajh) jf| tjqs gb @j~olc jiHjqjj` gq @j~ol jf Fjaj}l?
^g`k tkgtik sq| jfc sg{nh jf| tjqs gb shk Ej-ajh gq @jzjj`k Laqjjhkk` )Á )Á shlfelfm shjs shkqk l~ aik~~lfm gq ajqjejh lf ls& Gq shk| sg{nh gq }ltk shklq hjfc~ gf shk clbbkqkfs tjqs~ gb @j~olc jiHjqjj` gq @j~olc jfFjaj}l) jfc shkf shk| }ltk grkq shk`~kirk~) shlfelfm shjs shl~ l~ ~g`kshlfm mggc gq ls }lii ak ~g{qnk gb aik~~lfm bgq shk`& A{s jmjlf) shl~ l~ jfgshkq jfgshkqÁ Á jns }lsh fg aj~l~ lf shk ^hjqkk-jh gb L~ij`& Shk TqgthksÁ (^ji Jiijjh{ Jijl|hl }j ~jiij`,Á clc fgs sg{nh jf| tjqs gb Ej-ajh kxnkts shk Aijne ^sgfk jfc shk \k`kfl Ngqfkq& Lb ls }j~ mggc) hk }g{ic hjrk cgfk ~g& A{s hk clcf-s jfc ~g }k cgf-s klshkq Fgsk ? Sg ~sjfc js Ji-@{isjzj` akfkjsh shk cggq gb shk Ejjaj sg gbbkq ~{ttilnjslgf l~ ji~g qkng``kfckc aknj{~k c{j l~ jf~}kqkc shkqk a{s shk }g`kf ~hg{ic `jek ~{qk shjs shk| cg fgs cg jf|shlfm sg ~slne sg `kf gq ng`k lf qlmlc ngfsjns }lsh `kf fg `jsskq }hkqk ls l~ ( aijne ~sgfk) cggq ksn, @l~sjek .<& Shlfelfm shjs tqj|lfm bgqs| tqj|kq~ lf @jckkfjh l~ ng`t{i~gq|?
^g`k tkgtik shlfe shjs |g{ hjrk sg ng`tiksk bgqs| tqj|kq~Á lf shk Tqgthks-~ @j~olc jfc shjs shl~ l~ fknk~~jq| jfc tjqs gb Hjoo & Ls-~ fgs& Shl~ l~ aj~kc gf j }kje hjckksh& Fklshkq l~ ls fknk~~jq| sg ng`tiksk bgqs| tqj|kq~ shkqk fgq l~ rl~lslfm @jckkfjh j tjqs gb Hjoo& Garlg{~i| ls l~ mggc lb |g{ njf ~tkfc j~ `{nh sl`k j~ |g{ njf lf @jckkfjh jfc tqj| j~ `{nh j~ |g{ njf lf @j~olc jfFjaj}l& A{s sg shlfe shjs gfk hj~ sg ng`tiksk bgqs| tqj|kq~ shkqk l~ fgs ngqqkns& \g{ njf tqj| gfk cj| gq gfk hg{qÁ gq gfk `gfsh gq }hjskrkq l~ jnngqclfm sg |g{q hjoo tqgmqj`& Ls cgk~ fgs hjrk sg ak bgqs| tqj|kq~
NJF ]K CG [@QJH QKTKSKCI\ AJNE SG AJNE GFK JBSKQ SHK GSHKQ7 Shkqk l~ fgshlfm }qgfm }lsh cglfm ‘{`qjh ~krkqji sl`k~ lf shk |kjq& Shjs }j~ fjqqjskc bqg` ‘Jil) Laf ‘[`jq) Laf ‘Jaajj~) Jfj~) ‘Jj“l~hjh) ‘Jsj“) Sj}gg~) ‘Leql`jh jfc ji -^hjjbj“l) aknj{~k ‘Jj“l~hjh clc ‘{`qjh s}lnk lf gfk `gfsh
gf shk ng``jfc gb shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`,& Jfc shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`, ~jlc? ’Bqg` gfk ‘{`qjh sg jfgshkq l~ jf kxtljslgf bgq }hjskrkq (~lf~, ng`k aks}kkf shk`&‐ Jmqkkc {tgf & Lb j tkq~gf cgk~ ‘{`qjh shqkk gq bg{q sl`k~
LF J @GFSH
shkf shkqk l~ fgshlfm
}qgfm }lsh shjs& Js shk sl`k gb shk Tqgthks (tkjnk jfc aik~~lfm~ gb Jiijjh ak {tgf hl`,) js shk Bjqk}kii Tlimql`jmk) ‘Jj“l~hjh (`j| Jiijjh ak tikj~kc }lsh hkq, clc ‘{`qjh s}lnk }lshlf j ~tjnk gb ik~~ shjf s}kfs| cj|~&
fgsk ? `kkzjs k jl~hj ( shk `g~z{k gb jl~hj, }hlnh l~ sjekf a| `jf| tkgtik j~ j `kkzjs tglfs sg ~sjqs jfgshkq jfgshkq gq fk} {`qjh l~ }qgfm& ls l~ fgs j `kkzjs tglfs jfc shkqk l~ j igfm hjclsh jfc sjb~lq qkmjqclfm shjs lfnlckfs }hkqk qj~ggi ~&j&} j~ekc jl~hj (q&j, aqgshkq sg mg }lsh hkq jfc ~sjqs shk {`qjh bqg` shjs tglfs& shjs }j~ gfi| lfskfckc bgq hkq j~ j ~tknlji nj~k gfnk jfc gfi| gfnk & krkf c{qlfm shk qk`jlflfm tjqs gb hkq ilbk ~hk tkqbgq`kc {`qjh jfc hjo a{s fkrkq sgge shjs j~ j `kkzjs tglfs&
^G@K @L^SJEK^ JFC @L^[FCKQ^SJFCLFM @JCK A\ ]G@KF C[QLFM TLIMQL@JMK @l~sjek .:? Shlfelfm shjs shklq
lḫqĊ` l~ shk -njt- shk| }kjq grkq shklq hkjc
^g`k @{~il`jh~ cg fgs efg} }hjs lḫqĊ` `kjf~ jfc shk| shlfe ls-~ shk njt shjs shk| t{s gf grkq shklq hjlq) Shk| cgf-s sjek ls gbb fg `jsskq }hjs) shlfelfm shk| }lii ’aqkje shklq lḫqĊ`‐& LḫqĊ` l~ j~sjsk shjs |g{ kfskq lfsg jfc t{sslfm gf jf| lsk` gb nigshlfm }hkf |g{ kfskq lfsg shk ~sjsk gb lḫqĊ` cgk~ fgs `kjf shjs |g{ njffgs sjek ls gbb ijskq& Jfc sjelfm ls gbb cgk~ FGS `kjf shjs |g{ kfckc |g{q lḫqĊ`& Shjs-~ }h| shk -{ik`Ċ- ~j| }k njf nhjfmk g{q lḫqĊ` (`kjflfm g{q nigshk~,) jfc krkf }j~h ls lb ls mks~ clqs|& ’Ls l~ tkq`l~~laik bgq shk tlimql` lf lḫqĊ` bgq Hjoo gq -[`qjh sg nhjfmk hl~ lḫqĊ` nigshk~ jfc t{s gf jfgshkq ~ks gb lḫqĊ` nigshk~) jfc shjs cgk~ fgs jbbkns hl~ lḫqĊ` bgq Hjoo gq -[`qjh&‐ (^sjfclfm Ng``lsskk bgq Jnjck`ln Qk~kjqnh jfc L~~{lfm Bjs}j~) Bjsjj}j jiIjofjh) ::':8;,
@l~sjek .1& Kxnk~~lrk bkjq gb aqkjelfm shklq hjlq
^g`k }g`kf hjrk jf kxnk~~lrk bkjq gb aqkjelfm shklq hjlq& ^g `{nh ~g shjs shk| cgf-s sjek gbb shklq ~njqb'c{tjssj' hloĊa) krkf }hkf shk|-qk a| shk`~kirk~ gq j`gfm o{~s }g`kf& Shk| jqk ~g }gqqlkc jag{s shklq hjlq aqkjelfm) shjs shk| cgf-s krkf sjek gbb shklq hkjctlknk bgq `jelfm }{Ḁť- & Shl~ l~ j sqlne gb shk ^hj|sĊf& Shlfe jag{s ls& Lb |g{ cgf-s cg }{Ḁť- tqgtkqi|) }g{ic |g{q tqj|kq ak rjilc7 ]g{ic |g{q sj}Ċb ak rjilc7 Cg |g{ qkjii| shlfe JiiĊh }g{ic hgic |g{ jnng{fsjaik lb |g{ clc ~g`kshlfm shjs }j~ fgs lf |g{q ngfsqgi7 Fg gb ng{q~k fgs& Hk l~ Shk @g~s @kqnlb{i& Hk l~ shk @g~s Bgqmlrlfm& Shkf) }h| }g{ic Hk }g{ic f{iilb| |g{q lḫqĊ` o{~s aknj{~k j bk} hjlq bkii g{s gf shklq g}f) ~g`kshlfm shjs }j~ g{s gb |g{q ngfsqgi* Shk tqghlalslgf l~ bgq shk hjlq sg ak n{s) ti{nekc) ~hjrkc) ksn& gf t{qtg~k& Fgs lfrgi{fsjqli|&
@l~sjek .>? Mksslfm shklq hjlq n{s GFI\ a| ~g`kgfk }hg hj~ kxlskc
lḫqĊ`
@jf| }g`kf shlfe shjs GFI\ shk gfk }hg l~ FGS lf lḫqĊ` njf n{s shklq hjlq) gfnk shk|-rk blfl~hkc }lsh shklq qls{ji~& Jfc shk| qkb{~k sg n{s shklq g}f hjlq sg kxls lḫqĊ` fgq cg shk| jiig} jfgshkq ~l~skq }hg hj~ fgs |ks kxlskc lḫqĊ` sg n{s ls bgq shk`) shlfelfm shjs ~hk l~ fgs jiig}kc sg cg shjs bgq shk`& Shl~ l~ j }qgfm fgslgf& Jns{jii|) lb |g{ shlfe jag{s ls) |g{ jqk ~{ttg~kc sg n{s |g{q hjlq }hkf |g{ blfl~h }lsh jii shk qls{ji~& Shk Tqgthks (ṮjiijiiĊh{ -jij|hl }j ~jiij`, ng``jfckc hl~ ng`tjflgf~) c{qlfm shk Bjqk}kii Tlimql`jmk? ’Iks hl` n{s hl~ (`kjflfm) hl~ g}f, hjlq shkf
kxls lḫqĊ`&‐ (jiA{ehĊql) @{~il`,
@l~sjek .;? Nqg}clfm }lsh shk `kf
Ak}jqk gb nqg}clfm }lsh `kf lf jii shk qls{ji~ gb Hjoo) k~tknljii| c{qlfm Ṡj}Ċb jfc js shk Aijne ^sgfk) c{qlfm ^j-l jfc }hkf ~sgflfm shk Oj`jqjs& Nhgg~k sl`k~ }hkf shkqk l~ ik~~ nqg}clfm& Shlfe jag{s ls& Sg{nhlfm shk Aijne ^sgfk l~ j akj{slb{i ^{ffjh ) a{s ls l~ j ~{ffjh & Jfc tqgsknslfm |g{q~kib jfc |g{q hj|Ċ- bqg` ng`lfm lf {ffknk~~jq| ngfsjns }lsh jii fgf `jhqj` `kf l~ j BJQCH & Shk @gshkq gb Akilkrkq~) -Ą-l~hjh {~kc sg cg Ṡj}Ċb lf jf jqkj j}j| bqg` shk `kf) jfc ~hk clc fgs sg{nh shk Aijne ^sgfk gq shk \k`kfl Ngqfkq lb shkqk }j~ nqg}clfm& Ls }j~ fjqqjskc shjs -Jsj- ~jlc? -Ą-l~hjh {~kc sg cg Ṡj}Ċb bjq j}j| bqg` shk `kf) fgs `lxlfm }lsh shk`&‐ J }g`jf ~jlc? ’G @gshkq gb shk Akilkrkq~) iks {~ mg jfc sg{nh shk Aijne ^sgfk*‐ ^hk ~jlc? ’Mg |g{q~kib)‐ jfc ~hk qkb{~kc sg mg
@l~sjek . 2? Q{~hlfm shqg{mh - laĊcjh& Qk`k`akq ls-~ jag{s z{jils|)
FGS z{jfsls|
Qk`k`akq shjs JiiĊh }lii igge js shk z{jils| gb |g{q }gq~hlt) FGS |g{q z{jfsls|& Jfc shjs-~ }h| g{q ckkc~ }lii ak }klmhkc gf shk Cj| gb O{cm`kfs jfc fgs ng{fskc & Lb |g{ tqj| o{~s s}gqjeʷjh }lsh eh{~hť- ) ngfnkfsqjslfm gf }hjs |g{ jqk ~j|lfm) ak~kknhlfm JiiĊh }lsh h{`lils|) }g{icf-s shjs ak aksskq jfc `gqk jnnktsjaik sg JiiĊh shjf krkf ;4 gq krkf j :44 qjeʷjh z{lnei| tknelfm shk mqg{fc) }lshg{s efg}lfm j }gqc gb }hjs |g{ jqk ~j|lfm7 Krkq| sl`k |g{ cg jf| - laĊcjh ) nhkne sg ~kk }hkshkq |g{ hjrk eh{~hgg gq fgs7 Jqk |g{ bgn{~kc lf }hjs |g{ jqk cglfm7 Cg |g{ efg} shk `kjflfm gb }hjs |g{ jqk ~j|lfm gq j~elfm7 Jqk |g{ `grlfm js j ~ig}) `kj~{qkc tjnk gq jqk |g{ q{~hlfm shqg{mh ls7
Qk`k`akq }hjs shk Tqgthks ( ṮjiijiiĊh{ -jij|hl }j ~jiij` ,) ~jlc? ’Shk }gq~s s|tk gb shlkb l~ shk gfk }hg ~skji~ bqg` hl~ tqj|kq*‐ Shk Ng`tjflgf~ j~ekc) ’Gh @k~~kfmkq gb JiiĊh* Hg} cgk~ gfk ~skji bqg` hl~ tqj|kq~7‐ Shk Tqgthks ( ṮjiijiiĊh{ -jij|hl }j ~jiij` ,) ,) qk~tgfckc) ’Hk cgk~ fgs ng`tiksk hl~ ag}lfm) fgq hl~ tqg~sqjslgf~&‐ Gq hk ~jlc ’Hk cgk~ fgs ~sqjlmhskf hl~ ajneagfk }hlik ag}lfm jfc tqg~sqjslfm&‐ (Jh`kc) Ji ṩjajqjfl) gshkq~„ j{shkfsln,
@l~sjek .=? @l~akhjrlfm lf shk @j~olc gb shk Tqgthks
Gfk gb shk }gq~s `l~sjek~ shjs L ~kk shk ~l~skq~ `jelfm l~ js shk Tqgthks-~ ( ṮjiijiiĊh{ -jij|hl }j ~jiij` , @j~olc & ]hkf shk cggq~ jqk gtkfkc) lf shk `gqflfm jfc krkflfm) bgq shk ~l~skq~ ~g shjs shk| njf rl~ls shk Qj{cjh gb shk Tqgthks ( ṮjiijiiĊh{ -jij|hl }j ~jiij`,) shk| sgsjii| ig~k jii ~kf~k gb }hg shk| jqk) }hkqk shk| jqk jfc }hjs shk| jqk cglfm& Shk| q{f ilek }lic jfl`ji~ iks igg~k) ~hg{slfm jfc ~nqkj`lfm lf lmfgqjfnk) t{~hlfm kjnh gshkq) sqj`tilfm jf|gfk jfc krkq|gfk shjs ng`k~ lf shklq }j|& ~l~skq~* L~ shl~ }hjs shk Tqgthks ( ṮjiijiiĊh{ -jij|hl }j ~jiij`,) sj{mhs {~7* L~ shl~ shk }j| |g{ akhjrk lf j @j~olc ) iks jigfk shk Tqgthks ( ṮjiijiiĊh{ -jij|hl }j ~jiij` ,-~@j~olc 7* 7* L~ shl~ shk qk~tkns hk (ṮjiijiiĊh{ -jij|hl }j ~jiij`,) ck~kqrk~ bqg` |g{7 ^{aḫĊfJiiĊh
Qk`k`akq }hkf rl~lslfm shk Tqgthks (ṮjiijiiĊh{ -jij|hl }j ~jiij`,)-~ @j~olc) sg akhjrk }lsh hgfgq jfc clmfls|) }lsh shk hj|jj - shjs JiiĊh hj~ jcgqfkc |g{ }lsh) j~ j akilkrlfm @{~il` }g`jf }g{ic& Qk`k`akq sg ekkt |g{q rglnk ~gbs jfc |g{q }jie tjnkc& Cgf-s ~hgrk) t{~h) hjq` gq h{qs |g{q bkiig} @{~il` ~l~skq~& Krkf lb |g{ clcf-s mks j nhjfnk sg tqj| lf shjs jqkj) lb |g{ iks |g{q ~l~skq tqj| shkqk bgq shk ~jek gb JiiĊh o{~s aknj{~k ~hk l~ |g{q @{~il` ~l~skq) JiiĊh }lii qk}jqc |g{) jfc Hk efg}~ ak~s) tkqhjt~ krkf `gqk shjf Hk }g{ic hjrk) hjc |g{ |g{q~kib hjc j nhjfnk sg tqj| shkqk& BGQ CKSJLIKC IL^S GQ @GQK @L^SJEK^ 6 hsst?''l~ij`zj&lfbg'kf'njs'3=1
^G@K AKJ[SLB[I JFC TG]KQB[I C[J C[J^ ^ LF JQJALN ]HLNH GFK NJF QKNLSK C[QLFM SJ]JB'^JL '^[OGGC KSN BGQ JQJALN L^ J TG]KQB[I IJFM[JMK Shk Tqgthks (~j}~, ~jlc) -Shk nig~k~s gfk gb |g{ ng`k~ sg hl~ Igqc l~ }hlik hk l~ tqg~sqjslfm5 (shkqkbgqk, `jek `jf| ~{ttilnjslgf~ shkqklf&- Jfc hk (~j}~, ji~g ~jlc) -L hjrk tqghlalskc |g{ bqg` qknlslfm (shk Z{qjf, }hlik ag}lfm (Q{e{“, gq tqg~sqjslfm (^{oggc,& C{qlfm shk ag}lfm) Migqlb| shk Igqc& C{qlfm shk tqg~sqjslgf~) ~sqlrk |g{q hjqck~s lf `jelfm ~{ttilnjslgf~ (C{j,& @g~s ileki|) |g{ }lii ak il~skfkc sg&! Fjqqjskc lf shk hjclsh agge~ ng`tlikc a| L`j` Jh`jc jfc L`j` @{~il`&
FGSK ? J^ TKQ J[SHKFSLN HJCLSH FJQQJSKC A\ JIL (QJ, JFC GSHKQ^ ]K EFG] SHJS LF ^[OGGC JFC Q[E[ LS L^ BGQALCCKF SG QKNLSK Z[QJF'JF\ C[J BQG@ Z[QJF'JF\ RKQ^K & GFK @J\ ^[TTILNJSK JF\SHLFM SG HL^ IGQC LF ^[OGGC (GFI\ LF JQJALN, BQG@ C[J^ SHJS JQK BG[FC LF HJCLSH GQ ^KIB @JCK C[J KSN& SHKQK JQK J IGS GB AKJ[SLB[I C[J^ BG[FC LF SHK HJCLSH J^ ]KII
C[J FG&:
&!هٍ ٚ ٔ ه نو ن ن ٔ نه نو نٍ ئ نٔ ه نوء ن وٚ نوخن ؉ه ٚ ةٔ ه نو ٚ أ ؉ه ٚ ه ٔ ّ نش ٔ ّ ٔ ؿ ّ ح ٚ هٚح ح! Jiijjh{``jmhblq ikk shjfakk e{iijh{) clzzjh{ }j oliijh{) }j -j}}jijh{ }j -jjehlqjh{ }j -jijjfl|jsj h{ }j ~lqqjh{&
G Jiijh) bgqmlrk `k jii `| ~lf~) mqkjs jfc ~`jii) shk blq~s jfc shk ij~s) shg~k shjs jqk jttjqkfs jfc shg~k shjs jqk hlcckf& Qkbkqkfnk? @{~il` :'>;4& C[J FG& 1
؉ٔ ّ غهرّ نوح؉ٔ ٔي نو ن؉ٔ ّ ه ةّ نوح؉ٔ ٔ ّ نوح؉ٔ ّ غ نّ نوح؉ٔ ّ ٔ ؿ ّ ح ٚ هٚح ح! &! ٔ ّ غينّ نوح G Jiijh bgqmlrk `k) hjrk `kqn| gf `k) m{lck `k) ~{ttgqs `k) tqgskns `k) tqgrlck bgq `k jfc kikrjsk `k& Qkbkqkfnk? Ja{ Cj}{c) Laf @jojh) JsSlq`lshl& ^kk ji~g JiJiajfl) ^jhlh JsSlq`lshl :'<4 jfc ^jhlh Laf @jojh :':38& Fgsk ? Ls l~ j ~{ffj sg qknlsk shl~ C{j aks}kkf s}g tqg~sqjslgf~) a{s hg}krkq j~ tkq shk hjclsh `kfslgfkc lf shk ~sjqs) }k njf qknlsk jf| C{j lf shk ~{oggc&
C[J FG&>
Jiijjh{``j -lffkk -j-ggsh{ alej `lf -jshjjalizjaql) }j `lf -jshjjal ojhjffj`j) }j `lf blsfjsli`jh|jj }ji`j`jjsl) }j `lf ~hjqql blsfjsli`j~kkhlccjoojji&
G Jiijh) L ~kke qkb{mk lf \g{ bqg` shk t{fl~h`kfs gb shk mqjrk) jfc bqg` shk t{fl~h`kfs gb Hkiiblqk) jfc bqg` shk sqlji~ gb ilbk jfc ckjsh) jfc bqg` shk krli gb shk sqlji gb shk Bji~k @k~~ljh& JiA{ehjql 1':41) @{~il` :'3:1) @{~il`-~ }gqclfm&
C[J FG& 3
Jiijjh{``j -j-lffkk -jijj shleqlej) }j ~h{eqlej) }j h{~fl -lajjcjslej&
G Jiijh) hkit `k sg qk`k`akq \g{) sg mlrk \g{ shjfe~) jfc sg tkqbgq` \g{q }gq~hlt lf shk ak~s `jffkq Ja{ Cj}{c 1'82) JfFj~j-l >';>& ^kk ji~g JiJiajfl ^jhlh Ja{ Cj}{c :'183
/// C[J^ C[J^ GB SHK SH K TQGTHKS^ /// :& C{“jj gb Jcj` ً حكؾ ُؼ
(jfc hl~ }lbk,?
ٍ
ٔ ن ٔ ّن ح نٔ ٚ ن ن ه ن ن ّ ن ّ نو ن ن ن ّ ٔ ّ ن ّ ٚ قٔ نوث ن نن هخن ن ّ ن ن ظ ن ٚنغ ’G{q Igqc* ]k hjrk }qgfmkc g{q~kirk~& Lb \g{ bgqmlrk {~ fgs) jfc ak~sg} fgs {tgf {~ \g{q @kqn|) }k ~hjii nkqsjlfi| ak gb shk ig~kq~&‐ (^{qjh ji J“qjjb? 1>,
ً حكؾ ُؼ 1& C{“jj gb Fggh ٍ
ٔ ن ٔأّ ه ّ ٔ نو م ٔأّ ه نٔ ّ ن نا نئ ن ّ نٔ نوُٚ نٔ ح نٔ نو ٔ ّ ٔ ؿّ ب ح نغ دٔ ن ٔأّ ّه نو ح ٔ نٔ ٚح مغحن ن ٚٔ ث ا حٔ ٔ ن نون ’@| Igqc* bgqmlrk `k jfc `| tjqkfs~) jfc } hgkrkq kfskq~ `| hg{~k j~ j akilkrkq) jfc bgqmlrk jii
akilkrkq~) agsh `kf jfc }g`kf) jfc cg fgs lfnqkj~k shk }qgfm-cgkq~ lf jf|shlfm kxnkts tkqclslgf&‐ (^{qjh Fggh? 18,
ً حكؾ ُؼ >& C{“jj gb \{f{~ ٍ
jbskq hk }j~ ~}jiig}kc a| j bl~h?
ٔ نٔ ٚح ح نٔ ه ه ٔ ث ن ّ هن ن خنٚٔن ث ن ٔ ثٚ ن ن ’Fgfk hj~ shk qlmhs sg ak }gq~hlttkc } gq~hlttkc a{s \g{ (G Jiijh,P) Migqlblkc (jfc Kxjiskc, jqk \g{ Ujagrk jii shjs
(krli, shk| j~~gnljsk }lsh \g{P& Sq{i|) L hjrk akkf gb shk }qgfm-cgkq~&‐ (^{qjh ji Jfal|jj? 8=,
ً حكؾ ُؼ 3& C{“jj gb J||gga
(jbskq kfc{qlfm liifk~~ bgq `jf| |kjq~,?
ٍ
ٔ ن ٔ ححٚ ح هغ نّ خنن ن نوخن ح ح نٔ ٚ ن ه خن ٚ نغ ’Rkqli|) cl~sqk~~ hj~ ~klzkc `k) jfc \g{ jqk shk @g~s @kqnlb{i gb jii shg~k }hg ~hg} `kqn|&‐ (^{qjh ji
Jfal|jj? 8>,
; C{“jj gb @gg~j ً حكؾ ُؼ
ٍ
}hkf hk }j~ j ~sqjfmkq lf shk ijfc gb @jc|jf?
ٔين ـ ّئ ن ّ ٔ ٚ ن ٔ ث ّن ن نخن نٔ ٔب ث نغ ’@| Igqc* Sq{i|) L j` lf fkkc gb } hjskrkq mggc shjs \g{ ak~sg} gf `k*‐ (^{qjh ji Zj~j~? 13,
ً حكؾ ُؼ 2 C{“jj gb @gg~j ٍ
bgq kigz{kfnk gb ~tkknh?
ن مج ن ّ ه ّ ه ّ ُ نوح ٔ ّ خن ٔ ّ ٔ ن نؤُغ ّ ػ ن ٔ ؠّ س نّ ب ح نغ ٔ ّ ن ح ه ن ّ ن -ngfblckfnk) ngfskfs`kfs) jfc agicfk~~,& ’Jfc kj~k ‐G `| Igqc* Gtkf bgq `k `| nhk~s (mq jfs `k ~kib -ngfblckfnk) `| sj~e bgq `k5 ’Jfc `jek igg~k shk efgs (shk ckbkns, bqg` `| sgfm{k) (l&k& qk`grk shk lfngqqknsfk~~ bqg` `| ~tkknh, ’Shjs shk| {fckq~sjfc `| ~tkknh)‐ (^{qjh Sjhj? 1;-18,
ً حكؾ ُؼ =& C{“jj a| \jzgga ٍ ~gf \{~{b?
jbskq hkjqlfm shk ~jc fk}~ gb hjrlfm ig~s hl~
ٔ نق ه ٔ ن ن ٌن ٴ هق ن ن ن ّ ّهه ح ٚح نوح ين ن نة ّ ’^g Akj{slb{i Tjslkfnk& Ls l~ Jiijh“~ hkit jigfk shjs L ~kke jmjlf~s }hjs |g{ {sskq‐ (^{qjh \{~{b? :8,
ً حكؾ ُؼ 8& C{“jj gb \{~{b ٍ
م ٔ ّ ه ٔ ٚ ي نن جٔ ئ نٔ نوح ن هح ح ٔي ٔ نون نز خنٔ غّ ند نوحٔ نوح نح ٚ ح ؽ نٔ ين ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٚ ّ ّ نوخن ن ’Shk (gfi|, Nqkjsgq gb shk hkjrkf~ jfc shk kjqsh* \g{ jqk `| ]jil (Tqgsknsgq) Hkitkq) ^{ttgqskq)
M{jqcljf) ksn&, lf shl~ }gqic jfc lf shk Hkqkjbskq) nj{~k `k sg clk j~ j @{~il` jfc oglf `k }lsh shk qlmhskg{~&‐ (^{qjh \{~{b? :4:,
ً حكؾ ُؼ <& C{“jj gb I{{s ٍ
ن ٔ ٔ ّ ّهح
ًٔ ّ ٌّن ح ن ن ٔ ّ ح هب ح نغ
’@| Igqc) ~{ttgqs `k jmjlf~s shk ngqq{tslfm tkgtik&‐ (^{qjh ji Jfejaggs? >4,
ً حكؾ ُؼ :4& C{“jj gb ^h{jla ٍ
ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ن ح ئ ن خ و ّ ن ّحي ن ٚنغ ّ ن ّ ن هّ ن ن ن ن ن ّ ن ن ّ ن نو ن ن ّ ن ’G{q Igqc* O{cmk aks}kkf {~ jfc g{q tkgtik lf sq{sh) bgq \g{ jqk shk Ak~s gb s hg~k }hg mlrk o{cm`kfs&‐ (^{qjh ji J“qjjb? 8<,
ً حكؾ ُؼ ::& C{“jj gb ^{ij|`jf ٍ
قّ نوخنُٚ نٔ نوح ٌن ٴ نو ن ٚ ن ن ن ّ ن ّ خن ٔ ٚ ح ن ن ن ّ ٔ ن س ه ّ ق خنّ خن ٔ ّ رٔوّ ب خن نغ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ن ح ح َ ا ي ئ ا خ و ٍ ّ ن ٚ ن ّ ن ن ن نّ ن ه نّ م نػ ن نّ خن ن ’@| Igqc* Hgic `k {fckq (\g{q, ngfsqgi shjs L `j| qkfckq shjfe~ bgq shk bjrg{q }hlnh \g{ hjrk
ak~sg}kc gf `k jfc gf `| tjqkfs~) tjqk fs~) jfc shjs L `j| jns qlmhskg{~i| lf j `jffkq shjs }g{ic tikj~k \g{& Lfni{ck `k) g{s gb \g{q @kqn|) j`gfm \ g{q qlmhskg{~ ~kqrjfs~&‐ (^{qjh jf-Fj`i? :<,
ً حكؾ ُؼ :1& C{“jj : gb _jejql||j ٍ
akmmlfm Jiijh bgq mggc nhlicqkf?
نٚٔم ث ن ن م ؽ ٚ غ شه تٔ نح هؼ ح ٔ ن ّ ن ن ه ّ ٔ ٔ ّ ب ن نغ “G Igqc* Mqjfs `k bqg` \g{q~kib g{s gb \g{q mqjnk shk mlbs gb j mggci| gbb~tqlfm) bgq lfckkc \g{ jigfk hkkc jii Tqj|kq~&“ (^{qjh Jji L`qjf? >8,
ً حكؾ ُؼ :>& C{“jj 1 gb _jejql||j ٍ nhlicik~~?
tikjclfm Jiijh fgs sg ikjrk hl`
غإٔ نٔ حّن ح هّ نئ نّ ماح نوخن ّ ين ٔغّ ن ن ب ن نغ ‐Igqc* Ikjrk `k fgs ~gilsjq| (}lshg{s jf| l~~{k,& \g{ jqk s hk Ak~s Lfhkqlsgq&‐ (^{qjh ji Jfal|jj? 8<,
ً حكؾ ُؼ :3& C{“jj gb Laqjhkk` ٍ tg~skqls|?
~kkelfm hgfgqjaik `kfslgf j`gfm
ئ ٔ ن ٔ ّ ح ٔ ـف ي ّ ػ ٔ نق نٔ ٔ ّ ة ن ّ نوح ’
jfc mqjfs `k jf hgfg{qjaik qkt{sj slgf j`gfm tg~skqls|‐(^{qjh J~h^h{“jqjj? 83,
:;& C{“jj > gb _jejql||j (J&^, kxtqk~~lfm hl~ }kjefk~~ jfc j~elfm Jiijh sg aik~~ hl` }lsh elc~?
ّ ن نو م ّ هؾ نسّخحٚ ح ن ن ن سّ نوح ٔ هّ ّنح ٔ س ن
ن نو ن ٔب ث نغ آٔ ن ن هٔ ّ خن ه ب نغ
ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ن ّ ٔ ٔ ي ح خ ح و آ ح غ و ح ح ئ ّ ن ن ن ّ ّ ن ن م نّ ن ن نّ ه ن ن ن ٔنوث ٔ نو نّ ن ه ‐@| Igqc* @| agfk~ hjrk mqg}f bkkaik jfc `| hkjc l~ mil~skflfm }lsh jmk5 |ks) fkrkq hjrk `| tqj|kq~
sg \g{) `| Igqc) akkf {fbq{lsb{i& L bkjq krli bqg` `| elf~`kf jbskq L j` mgfk5 jfc `| }lbk l~ ajqqkf) ~g mqjfs `k jf hklq g{s gb \g{q ~tknlji mqjnk‐ (^{qjh @jq|j`? 3 " ;,
ً حكؾ ُؼ :2& C{“jj gb Kk~j ٍ
bgq ~tknlji tqgrlckfnk?
ن ٔ ئ ٔ نوء ن ٔ وٚنٔ ح م ٔ ن ن هق ن ه تٔ نح ٚ ح نٔ مج نٔآ ن ن ّن ك نّ ٔ ّ خن ن ٚ نغ ٚ هٚح ح ٔ ٔ نرٔ ححٚ ح هّ نئ نّ نوخن ن ّغهرّ نوح نّ م ن نوء ’G Jiijh) g{q Igqc) ~kfc cg}f sg {~ j sjaik U~tqkjc }lsh bggcP bqg` shk hkjrkf sg ak bgq {~ j bk~slrji bgq shk blq~s gb {~ jfc shk ij~s gb {~ jfc j ~lmf bqg` \g{& Jfc tqgrlck bgq {~) jfc \g{ jqk shk ak~s gb tqgrlckq~&‐ (^{qjh ji @jj“lcjh? ::3,
:=& C{“jj gb Laqjhkk` ً حكؾ ُ~ ؼkkelfm bgqmlrkfk~~ bgq hl`~kib) hl~ ٍ tjqkfs~ jfc jii shk Akilkrkq~ gf shk Cj| gb O{cmk`kfs?
ٔ ن ٔأّ ه ّ ٔ نوُٚ نٔ ح نٔ نو ٔ ّ ٔ ؿّ ح ن ٚنغ هب نّٔ ح ً ه ه ن ًن ّ ن ’G{q Igqc* Bgqmlrk `k jfc `| tjqkfs~ jfc shk akilkrkq~ gf shk Cj| }hkf shk qknegflfm }lii sjek tijnk&‐ (^{qjh Laqjhkk`? 3:,
ُ
ً حكؾ ؼjbskq shk| :8& C{“jj gb Laqjhkk` jfc L~`jkki) bjshkq jfc ~gf ng`tikskc shk ngf~sq{nslgf gb Ej“ajh?
ٔ ه ّن هؼ ح ٔ ح نٚثٔ ٚ ٔ ّ ٚ ن ن ن ٚنغ ٚ ح نّ خن ن ن ٔ ن ن نغٔ نوخن نن م ن ٔ ّ م ه ٚ خه ن ٔ ٚ غ شه ّ ٔ نو نن ٔ ّ ن ٔ ّ ه ن ّ ن ةّ نوح ن ٚنغ ٔ ٔ ن ٚ ن ح ح ب ح ح ح خ ث ّن ن ے ٚ ٚ ّ ٚ ن ن ه ّ ه و ن ه ‐G{q Igqc) jnnkts shl~ ~kqrlnk bqg` {~5 \g{ jqk Jii Hkjqlfm jfc JiiEfg}lfm& G{q Igqc) `jek {~ \g{q @{~il`~ (~{a`l~~lrk ~kqrjfs~, jfc ji~g qjl~k bqg` g{q gbb~tqlfm j ng``{fls| }hlnh ~hg{ic ak @{~il` (~{a`l~~lrk sg \g{q ]lii,& ^hg} {~ shk }j|~ gb \g{q }gq~hlt jfc bgqakjq g{q ~hgqsng`lfm~? \g{ jqk Bgqmlrlfm jfc @kqnlb{i& (^{qjh ji Ajzjqjh? :1= " :18,
ُ
ً حكؾ ؼkxtqk~~lfm :<& C{“jj gb Cj}ggc jfc ^{ij|`jf) bjshkq jfc ~gf shklq mqjsls{ck bgq hjrlfm aik~~kc }lsh efg}ikcmk?
ٔ ن ٔأّ ّهٍٔ ح أ ن ٔ ّ ٔ ـ ٔ ن ٌن ٴ ن ن ن ٚ يُن ٔ ٚ ح ٔ ٚ ٔ ه ّ ّنح ‐Jii tqjl~k ak sg Jiijh ]hg hj~ kxjiskc {~ jagrk `jf| gb Hl~ akilkrlfm ~kqrjfs~*‐ (^{qjh jfFj`i? :;,
14& C{“jj gb Laqjhkk` ً حكؾ ُ ؼshjfelfm Jiijh bgq aik~~lfm hl` }lsh s}g ٍ ~gf~) gfk jbskq shk gshkq) c{qlfm hl~ gic jmk?
ٔ ن نّ ٔ ث ٔ ن ّٔ ٌ ح ن ن ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٚ ٚ ق نغٚ ٔ نف ث ن ّ ٔ نوث و ُ ح ه ّ ّنح نن ن تٔ نح هؼ ح ٔ ن ن ’Jii tqjl~k ak sg Jiijh ]hg) ck~tlsk `| gic jmk) hj~ mlrkf `k L~`jkki jfc L~hjjz& ^{qki| `| Igqc hkjq~ jii tqj|kq~‐& (^{qjh Laqjhkk`? ><,
1:& C{“jj gb Laqjhkk` ً حكؾ ُ ؼj~elfm Jiijh sg `jek shk Nls| gb @jeejh j ٍ Nls| gb Tkjnk) jfc ji~g sg ekkt hl` jfc hl~ tqgmkf| ~jbk jfc ~kn{qk bqg` }gq~hlttlfm shk lcgi~?
ًن ن ػّ نّ ح ه ن ّ ن قّ خن ٚ ٔ ن نو ٔ ّه ة ّ نوح م ٔ ء ن ن ّن ح ح ن ٴن ّ ة ن ّ ب ح نغ ‐@| Igqc* @jek shl~ nls| ~kn{qk) jfc ekkt `k jfc `| ~gf~ j}j| bqg` }gq~hlttlfm shk lcgi~& (^{qjh Laqjhkk`? >;,
ً حكؾ ُ~ ؼkkelfm efg}ikcmk jfc }l~cg`) jfc ji~g 11& C{“jj gb Laqjhkk` ٍ shk aik~~kc ng`tjf| gb shk qlmhskg{~?
ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ٔ ن خ و ّ ٚ ّ ّ ه م ن ّ ب ن نغ ن ’@| Igqc) kfcg} `k }lsh efg}ikcmk jfc }l~cg` jfc oglf `k }lsh shk qlm hskg{~‐ (^{qjh J~h^h{“jqjj? 8>,
1>& C{“jj gb Laqjhkk` ً حكؾ ُؼ ٍ jcgts ngf~l~skfn| lf ^jijh?
j~elfm Jiijh sg `jek hl` jfc hl~ bj`li|
ٔ ن ه ٔ ّ ن ةّ ب ح نغ تٔ ها ن ّ ٚ ن نو ن ن ٚے نغ ٔ ٚ غ شه ّ ٔج نؤ نح ٚ ح ’@| Igqc* Kfjaik `k jfc `| gbb~tqlfm sg k~sjail~h Tqj|kq) jfc cg jnnkts) g{q Igqc) shl~ tqj|kq gb `lfk‐& (^{qjh Laqjhkk`? 34,
