Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz
D#%P!%#$#E: PETITION DI-I--ED. ,ud0en- o1 lo6er 3our- 1a7orin Ruiz y Re0en-eria ar0ed.
/. 0+a' v. ilma er(antile C!., 2 Phil 416 D!C$R#NE: W/en -/e aen- -ransa3-s business in /is o6n na0e+ i- s/all no- be ne3essary 1or /i0 -o s-a-e 6/o is -/e prin3ipal and he %hall "e 'ire(tly lia"le + as i1 -/e business 6ere 1or /is o6n a33oun-+ t! the #er%!n% +ith +h!m he tran%a(t% the %ame + said persons no/a7in /a7in any ri/ri/- o1 a3-ion a3-ion aainsaains- -/e prin3ipa prin3ipal+ l+ nor -/e la--er la--er aains aains-- -/e 1or0er+ 1or0er+ -/e liabili-ies o1 -/e prin3ipal and o1 -/e aen- -o ea3/ o-/er al6ays bein reser7ed. &AC$%: $/e plain-i8+ A6ad A6ad F Co.+ Co.+ deli7ered deli7ered 3er-ain 0er3/andise 0er3/andise blanke-s blanke-s and s/ir-s' o1 -/e in7oi3e 7alue o1 P99+94 -o C/ua Lio3+ a 0er3/an- opera-in under -/e na0e o1 =an C/ua Co. in )anila. Represen-in Represen-in /i0sel1 as bein -/e o6ner o1 -/e 0er3/andise+ C/ua Lio3+ on %ep-e0ber + 9H4+ sold i- -o -/e de1endan- 1or -/e su0 o1 P9+9II.B. =e C=*AL L#!K' o6ed -/e P/ilippine )anu1a3-urin Co.+ -/e su0 o1 P;+4+ 6/i3/ -/e 'e&en'ant a)ree' t! #ay + and 6as also indeb-ed -o -/e de1endan- i-sel1 in -/e su0 o1 P+9J.H. $/e -o-al a0oun- o1 -/e -6o deb-s+ PI+4HJ.H+ 6as dedu3-ed 1ro0 -/e pur3/ase pri3e+ leavin) a "alan(e !& P6,657.5/ +hi(h the 'e&en'ant #r!mi%e' t! #ay t! Chua Li!( on or be1ore !3-ober H+ 9H4 $/e 0er3/andise 0er3/andise so pur3/ased pur3/ased on %ep-e0ber %ep-e0ber H+ 6as deli7ered deli7ered -o -/e de1endan-+ 6/o i00edia-ely o8ered i- 1or sale. $/ree days la-er la-er D. ,. A6ad+ A6ad+ -/e represen-a-i7e represen-a-i7e o1 -/e plain-i8 in -/e P/ilippine P/ilippine #slands< /a7in as3er-ained -/a- -/e oods en-rus-ed -o C/ua Lio3 6as bein o8ered 1or sale by -/e de1endan-+ !"taine' auth!rizati!n &r!m Chua Li!( t! (!lle(t the %um !& P11,77 &r!m %ai' 'e&en'ant an' in&!rme' the latter% trea%urer !& the &a(t% a"!ve %et &!rth. D, A6ad 6ro-e a le--er -o -/e de1endan-s -ellin -/e la--er -/a- -/e pay0en- s/ould be 0ade -o -/e0. De1endan-s re1used and 3oun-ered -/a- -/ey 3ould !NLY PAY $=E "ALANCE -o C=*A L#!K and no one else. P/ilippine $rus- Co0pany+ brou/- an a3-ion+ 3i7il 3ase No. BH;4+ aains- C/ua Lio3 1or -/e re3o7ery o1 -/e su0 o1 P9+;B.;B and under a 6ri- o1 a--a3/0en- arnis/ed -/e balan3e due C/ua Lio3 1ro0 -/e de1endan-. #n -urn+ plain-i8s ?led a 3olle3-ion sui- aains- -/e de1endan-s -o re3o7er -/e balan3e 1or -/e 0er3/andise. Lo6er Cour- de3ided -/a- de1endan-s /ad -/e ri/- -o re-ain -/e balan3e. •
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#%%*E: Can -/e plain-i8 7alidly 3lai0 -/e balan3e N! =ELD: N!. De1endan-s brou/- -/e 0er3/andise in ood 1ai-/ and 6i-/ou- any kno6lede 6/e-/er o1 -/e person 1ro0 6/o0 or -/e 3ondi-ion under 6/i3/ -/e said 0er3/andise /ad been a3@uired by C/ua Lio3 or =an C/uan Co $/e la6 appli3able appli3able -o -/e 3ase is 6ell se--led. Ar-i3le Ar-i3le 4B o1 -/e Code Code o1 Co00er3e Co00er3e reads as 1ollo6s: W/en -/e aen- -ransa3-s business in /is o6n na0e+ i- s/all no- be ne3essary 1or /i0 -o s-a-e 6/o is -/e prin3ipal and /e s/all be dire3-ly liable+ as i1 -/e business 6ere 1or /is o6n a33oun-+ -o -/e persons 6i-/ 6/o0 /e -ransa3-s -/e •
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Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz sa0e+ said persons no- /a7in any ri/- o1 a3-ion aains- -/e prin3ipal+ nor -/e la--er aains- -/e 1or0er+ -/e liabili-ies o1 -/e prin3ipal and o1 -/e aen- -o ea3/ o-/er al6ays bein reser7ed.
D#%P!%#$#E: Pe-i-ion Pe-i-ion dis0issed. Appealed ud0en- is in a33ordan3e 6i-/ -/e la6 and -/e 1a3-s and is ar0ed. 3. in) 8ee C!m#ra'!rin) C!. v. *ar9 :!n!n)ahela;, 22 Phil 262 D!C$R#NE: $/a- 6/en -/e aen-s buy in -/eir o6n na0es+ bu- really 1or -/e a33oun- o1 -/eir prin3ipal+ -/e %eller ha% an !#ti!n t! l!!9 t! either &!r #ayment &AC$%: •
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&ro0 )ar3/ 9B+ 9H9+ and endin 6i-/ Auus- 9B+ 9H9+ plain-i8 Win Kee Co0pradorin Co0pany 1urnis/ed 7arious supplies -o -/e "ark )onona/ela. ((sideno-e: "ark 0eans Ms0all boa- )os- o1 -/e bills 1or -/ese oods are 0ade ou- aains- -/e 2Ad0iral Line+ %.%. )onona/ela.2 All are 3onsidered by -/e 0as-er and -/e ?rs- s-e6ard. #- appears+ -/ere1ore+ -/a- -/e plain-i8 6as lookin -o -/e Ad0iral Line 1or pay0en-. De0ands 6ere 0ade aains- Ad0iral Line+ in 6/i3/ -/e Cour- no-ed sues-in -/aAd0iral Line WA% $=E opera-in AGEN$ o1 "ark )onona/ela. !n Auus- 9+ 9H9+ Ad0iral Line publis/ed a no-i3e in -/e )anila Daily "ulle-in asser-in -/a- -/ey are N!$ RE%P!N%#"LE 1or any indeb-edness in3urred in3urred by -/e "ARK )!N!NG )!N!NGA= A=ELA ELA.. #- appear appears s -/a-/a- on or be1or be1ore e AuusAuus- 4+ 9H9+ 9H9+ Ad0ir Ad0iral al Line Line /as (ea%e' (ea%e' t! "e the a)ent &!r the !n!n)ahela !n!n)ahela.. None-/eless+ supplies 6ere s-ill deli7ered -o )onona/ela e7en a1-er -/is da-e. Plain-i8s sou/- -o re3o7er pay0en-s 1or -/e oods+ 0er3/andise+ 1urnis/ed -o -/e "ark )onona/ela -/rou/ AD)#RAL L#NE+ -/e s/ipOs aen-.
=ELD: Can -/e plain-i8s re3o7er pay0en-s 1ro0 Ad0iral Line YE%. "*$ !NLY *P *N$#L $=E $ER)#NA$#!N $ER)#NA$#!N !& $=E AGENCY AGENCY. •
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$/e o6ner o1 a 7essel and -/e aen- s/all be 3i7illy liable 1or -/e a3-s o1 -/e 3ap-ain and 1or -/e oblia-ions 3on-ra3-ed by -/e la--er -o repair+ e@uip+ and pro7ision -/e 7essel+ pro7ided -/e 3redi-or pro7es -/a- -/e a0oun- 3lai0ed 6as in7es-ed -/erein. *y a)en a)entt 3lus e>3lusi7e i7ely< ly< or ' by -/e usae and unders unders-an -andin din o1 -/e business -/e aen- only is /eld< or ;' unless -/e spe3ial 3ir3u0s-an3es o1 -/e 3ase s/o6 -/a- only -/e aen- 6as in-ended -o be bound and -/e seller kne6 i- or 6as 3/areable 6i-/ kno6lede o1 i-. #n -/is 3ase+ -/e plain-i8 /as 3/osen -o 3olle3- 1ro0 -/e AGEN$+ AD)#RAL L#NE. $/e de1endan- 3lai0s -/a- -/e AGENCY =A% CEA%ED< "*$ #& WE &!LL!W $=#% #DEA: E7ery aen- 1or a 7essel 3ould -/us a7oid responsibili-y pursuan- -o ar-i3le IB o1 -/e Code o1 Co00er3e+ by i7in up i-s aen3y 6/en -/rea-ened 6i-/ sui- -o en1or3e -/e oblia oblia-io -ions ns o1 -/ird -/ird par-ie par-ies s . !re!v !re!ver er,, the "ill% "ill% +ere +ere #re%en #re%ente' te' +hen +hen the 0'miral Line +a% yet the a)ent .
D#%P!%#$#E: Pe-i-ion Pe-i-ion ran-ed: ud0en- is re7ersed+ and -/e plain-i8 s/all /a7e and re3o7er 1ro0 -/e de1endan-+ -/e Ad0iral Line+ -/e su0 o1 P9B+IB.H+ 6i-/ou- in-eres- and 3os-s.
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz
2. Nati!nal *an9 v. 0)u'el! y >!nza)a, 54 Phil 655 D!C$R#NE: hen an a)ent ne)!tiate% a l!an in hi% #er%!nal (a#a(ity an' e?e(ute% a #r!mi%%!ry n!te un'er hi% !+n %i)nature, +ith!ut e?#re%% auth!rity &r!m hi% #rin(i#al+ i7in as se3uri-y -/ere1or real es-a-e belonin -o -/e la--er+ also in /is o6n na0e and no- in -/e na0e and represen-a-ion o1 -/e said prin3ipal+ the !"li)ati!n '! (!n%tru(te' "y him i% #er%!nal an' '!e% n!t "in' hi% a&!re%ai' #rin(i#al. &AC$%: •
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Paz Audelo y Gonzaa e>e3u-ed a spe3ial po6er o1 a--orney in 1a7or /er nep/e6+ )auro A. Garru3/o broad enou/ in s3ope -o enable /i0 -o sell+ aliena-e and 0or-ae in -/e 0anner and 1or0 /e 0i/- dee0 3on7enien- only 3o7erin L!$% B9 and J' A0paro Garru3/o e>e3u-ed a spe3ial po6er o1 a--orney in 1a7or o1 /er bro-/er+ -/e sa0e )auro A. Garru3/o -o sell+ aliena-e+ 0or-ae or en3u0ber all /er real es-a-e proper-ies in !33iden-al Neros in3ludin L!$ J' #)P!R$AN$: No-/in in -/e a1oresaid po6ers o1 a--orney e>pressly au-/orized )auro A. Garru3/o -o 3on-ra3- any loan nor -o 3ons-i-u-e a 0or-ae on -/e proper-ies belonin -o -/e respe3-i7e prin3ipals+ -o se3ure /is oblia-ions. )auro Garru3/o 0or-aed L!$ J in 1a7or o1 plain-i8 NA$#!NAL "ANK t! %e(ure l!an%, (re'it%, et(. n!t e?(ee'in) 6 +hi(h he mi)ht !"tain &r!m the #lainti$ entity@ he e?e(ute' a #r!mi%%!ry n!te. )auro also 0or-aed L!$% B9 and J -o -/e plain-i8 -o se3ure -/e sa0e possible loans+ 3redi-s+ e-3 no- e>3eedin 9B< /e e>e3u-ed a pro0issory no-e. #n 3onne3-ion o1 -/e 3redi-s+ loans+ and 3o00er3ial o7erdra1-s a0oun-in -o P9+ 6/i3/ /ad been ran-ed /i0+ )auro A. Garru3/o+ on -/e said da-e ,uly 9I+ 9H+ e>e3u-ed -/e pro0issory no-e+ E>/ibi- "+ 1or P9+ as a no7a-ion o1 -/e 1or0er pro0issory no-es 1or PB+ and P9B++ respe3-i7ely. )A*R! DE&A*L$ED. E7en-ually+ A0paro A. Garru3/o sold lo- No. J -o Paz Audelo y Gonzaa. Lo6er Cour- ordered PA5 AG*DEL! y G!N5AGA -o pay plain-i8 Na-ional "ank 1or -/e deb-s in3urred by )auro.
#%%*E: #s PA5 AG*DEL! y G!N5AGA liable 1or -/e deb-s o1 )A*R! N!. =ELD: Aside 1ro0 -/e p/rases "attorney in fact of his sister, Amparo A. Garrucho, as evidenced by the power of attorney attached hereto" and "attorney in fact of Paz Agudelo y Gonzaga2 6ri--en a1-er -/e na0e o1 )auro A. Garru3/o in -/e 0or-ae deeds+ E>/ibi-s G. and ,+ respe3-i7ely+ there i% n!thin) in the %ai' m!rt)a)e 'ee'% t! %h!+ that aur! 0. >arru(h! i% att!rney in &a(t !& 0m#ar! 0.
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz
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>arru(h! an' !& Paz 0)u'el! y >!nza)a + and -/a- /e ob-ained -/e loans 0en-ioned in -/e a1oresaid 0or-ae deeds and 3ons-i-u-ed said 0or-aes as se3uri-y 1or -/e pay0en- o1 said loans+ 1or -/e a33oun- an' at the reue%t !& %ai' 0m#ar! 0. >arru(h! an' Paz 0)u'el! y >!nza)a. $/e abo7e@uo-ed p/rases 6/i3/ si0ply des3ribed /is leal personali-y+ did no- 0ean -/a- )auro A. Garru3/o ob-ained -/e said loans and 3ons-i-u-ed -/e 0or-aes in @ues-ion 1or -/e a33oun-+ and a- -/e re@ues-+ o1 /is prin3ipals &ro0 -/e -i-les as 6ell as 1ro0 -/e sina-ures -/erein+ )auro A. Garru3/o+ appears -o /a7e a3-ed in /is personal 3apa3i-y. #n -/e a1oresaid 0or-ae deeds+ )auro A. Garru3/o+ in /is 3apa3i-y as 0or-ae deb-or+ appoin-ed -/e 0or-ae 3redi-or P/ilippine Na-ional "ank as /is a--orney in 1a3- so -/a- i- 0i/- -ake a3-ual and 1ull possession o1 -/e 0or-aed proper-ies by 0eans o1 1or3e in 3ase o1 7iola-ion o1 any o1 -/e 3ondi-ions s-ipula-ed in -/e respe3-i7e 0or-ae 3on-ra3-s. #1 )auro A. Garru3/o a3-ed in /is 3apa3i-y as 0ere a--orney in 1a3- o1 A0paro A. Garru3/o and o1 Paz Audelo y Gonzaa+ /e 3ould no- delea-e /is po6er+ in 7ie6 o1 -/e leal prin3iple o1 2delea-a po-es-as deleare non po-es-2 a delea-ed po6er 3anno- be delea-ed'+ inas0u3/ as -/ere is no-/in in -/e re3ords -o s/o6 -/a- /e /as been e>pressly au-/orized -o do so. Intention of the contracting parties; its appreciation . Q #n order -/a- -/e in-en-ion 0ay pre7ail+ i- is ne3essary -/a- -/e @ues-ion o1 in-erpre-a-ion be raised+ ei-/er be3ause -/e 6ords used appear -o be 3on-rary -/ere-o+ or by -/e e>is-en3e o1 o7era3-s opposed -o su3/ 6ords+ in 6/i3/ -/e in-en-ion o1 -/e 3on-ra3-in par-ies is 0ade 0ani1es-. &ur-/er0ore+ -/e re3ords do no- s/o6 -/a- -/e loan ob-ained by )auro A. Garru3/o+ e7iden3ed by -/e pro0issory no-e+ E>/ibi- "+ 6as 1or /is prin3ipal Paz Audelo y Gonzaa. $/e spe3ial po6er o1 a--orney+ E>/ibi- K+ does no- au-/orize )auro A. Garru3/o -o 3ons-i-u-e a 0or-ae on -/e real es-a-e o1 /is prin3ipal -o se3ure /is personal oblia-ions. $/ere1ore+ in doin so by 7ir-ue o1 -/e do3u0en-+ E>/ibi- C+ /e e>3eeded -/e s3ope i1 /is au-/ori-y and /is prin3ipal is no- liable 1or /is a3-s. Corpus ,uris+ p. BI9< ar-i3le 9J94+ Ci7il Code.' =o6e7er+ Paz Audelo y Gonzaa in an ada7i- da-ed ,anuary 9I+ 9HB E>/ibi- AA'+ and in a le--er da-ed ,anuary 9B+ 9HB E>/ibi- 5'+ a7e /er 3onsen- -o -/e lien on loNo. J $/ere1ore+ -/e only liabili-y o1 -/e de1endan-appellan- Paz Audelo y Gonzaa is -/a- 6/i3/ arises 1ro0 -/e a1oresaid a3kno6led0en-+ bu- only 6i-/ respe3- -o -/e lien and no- -o -/e prin3ipal oblia-ion se3ured by -/e 0or-ae a3kno6leded by /er -o /a7e been 3ons-i-u-ed on said lo- No. J o1 -/e 3adas-ral sur7ey o1 )ur3ia+ !33iden-al Neros. %u3/ liabili-y is no- dire3- bu- a subsidiary one.
D#%P!%#$#E: W/ere1ore+ i- is /ereby /eld -/a- -/e liabili-y 3ons-ru3-ed by -/e a1oresaid de1endan-appellan- Paz Audelo y Gonzaa is 0erely subsidiary -o -/a- o1 )auro A. Garru3/o+ li0i-ed lo- No. J o1 -/e 3adas-ral sur7ey o1 )ur3ia+ !33iden-al Neros+ des3ribed in $orrens -i-le No. 49I. =o6e7er+ inas0u3/ as -/e prin3ipal oblia-or+ )auro A. Garru3/o+ /as been absol7ed 1ro0 -/e 3o0plain- and -/e plain-i8 appellee /as no- appealed 1ro0 -/e ud0en- absol7in /i0+ -/e la6 does no- a8ord any re0edy 6/ereby Paz Audelo y Gonzaa 0ay be re@uired -o 3o0ply 6i-/ -/e said subsidiary oblia-ion in 7ie6 o1 -/e leal 0a>i0 -/a- -/e a33essory 1ollo6s -/e prin3ipal. W/ere1ore+ -/e de1endan- /erein s/ould also be absol7ed 1ro0 -/e 3o0plain- 6/i3/ is /ereby dis0issed+ 6i-/ -/e 3os-s aains- -/e appellee.
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz
Ca%e n!. 5
LORETO LORC0, plain-i8appellan-+ 7s. AO-E -. DINERO-, de1endan- appellee. >.R. N!. LB11 e"ruary /4, 154
&AC$% $/e de1endan- Dineros as Depu-y %/eri8 and in -/e na0e o1 -/e %/eri8 sold a- publi3 au3-ion -o ,ose "er0eo and Rosario %uero -/e proper-y+ disreardin -/e plain-i8Os Lor3a' 3lai0 o1 o6ners/ip. $/is sui- 1or da0aes is -/e resul- o1 said au3-ion sale. De1endan-+ in /is ans6er+ denied liabili-y+ poin-in ou-+ -/a- /e /ad 0erely a3-ed 1or and on be/al1 o1 Pro7in3ial %/eri8+ Cipriano Cabaluna. $/e plain-i8 insis-s -/a- -/e de1endan- s/ould /a7e been re@uired -o i7e an ade@ua-e personal bond in 3ase /e is sued 1or da0aes+ pursuan- -o %e3 ;;4 o1 Re7ised Ad0in Code. #%%*E(% W/e-/er -/e abo7e pro7ision o1 ad0in 3ode is appli3able in -/is 3ase. DEC#%#!N $/e said pro7ision applies 6/ere -/e depu-y a3-s in /is o6n na0e or is uil-y o1 0al1easan3e or /e e>3eeded /is li0i-s as an aen- o1 -/e pro7in3ial s/eri8. #n -/is 3ase+ -/e de1endan- Dineros a3-ed all -/e -i0e in -/e na0e o1 -/e e> o3io pro7in3ial 3/ie1 o1 #loilo. D!C$R#NE:
Ca%e N!. 6
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz
AO0IN T. ORTE>0, plain-i8appellee+ 7s. *00N> 0RER- COOPER0TIE 0R8ETIN> 0--OCI0TION, de1endan-appellan-. >.R. N!. LB13527 De(em"er /, 15
&AC$%: $/e plain-i8 !r-ea sold -o de1endan- "auan &AC!)A +B4; kilos o1 irinia lea1 -oba33o 1or PJ+9;B.9. $/e de1endan- paid plain-i8 lea7in a balan3e o1 P;+9;B.9+ 6/i3/ -/e de1endan- re1used -o pay despi-e repea-ed de0ands. $/e de1endan- reasoned -/a- i- a3-ed only as an aen- o1 ACC&A+ i-s prin3ipal+ 6/i3/ 6as i0pleaded as a -/irdpar-y de1endan-. La-er+ ACC&A 6as s-ri3ken ou- as a -/ird par-y. As -/e 1a3-s 6ere un3losed+ i- -urned ou- -/a- -/ere 6as a 0e0orandu0 o1 aree0en- be-6een ACC&A and &AC!)A bu- 6as subse@uen-ly re7oked on 0ar3/ + 9HIB. $/e plain-i8 6as no- in1or0ed or i7en no-i3e abou- -/e e>is-in aen3y be-6een ACC&A and &AC!)A. #%%*E: W/e-/er de1endan- "auan &AC!)A is liable -o plain-i8 !r-ea 1or -/e unpaid balan3e sin3e /e 1ailed -o dis3lose -/e 1a3- -/a- i- a3-ed only as an aen- o1 ACC&A.
DEC#%#!N: Al-/ou/ -/e a--en-ion o1 -/e plain-i8 6as no- 3alled -o -/e e>is-en3e o1 aen3y be-6een &AC!)A and ACC&A+ -/ere is reason -o belie7e -/a- -/e plain-i8 a3-ually kne6 -/a- aen3y. $/e -oba33o lea1 6as pur3/ased no- on a33oun- o1 -/e "auan &AC!)A+ bu- a3-ually 1or -/e ACC&A+ 6/i3/ is -/e
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz
aen3y o1 -/e Go7ern0en- 3/ared 6i-/ -/e pur3/ase o1 irinia lea1 -oba33o+ in -/e i0ple0en-a-ion o1 -/e poli3y o1 -/e Go7ern0en- -o buy all irinia lea1 -oba33o ro6n lo3ally -o 1os-er -/e -oba33o indus-ry. &AC!)A is no- enaed in buy and sell business+ bu- ra-/er is 3on3erned 0ainly in -/e 0arke-in o1 -/e ari3ul-ural produ3e o1 -/e 1ar0ers. &ur-/er+ in ano-/er 3i7il 3ase 6/i3/ /a7e been ?led a/ead o1 -/e presen3ase+ 6/erein -/e plain-i8 us in3luded+ ser7es as a no-i3e -o -/e plain-i8. $/e 3our- arees 6i-/ &AC!)A. $/e 3ase 6as re0anded -o -/e -rial 3our- 1or 1ur-/er pro3eedins. D!C$R#NE:
Ca%e N!. 7 RR0L *0N8 O *O*ON 0LL0RDO, D0NIEL 0NGO an' RINO -. 0INO, responden-s. >.R. N!. 573 0u)u%t 3, 1/
&AC$% Gallardo au-/orized A@uino -/rou/ a spe3ial po6er o1 a--orney -o se3ure a loan 1ro0 any bank or lendin ins-i-u-ion 1or any a0oun- or o-/er6ise 0or-ae /er proper-y. A@uino e>e3u-ed a Deed o1 Real Es-a-e )or-ae a0oun-in -o P;I+ plus 94S annual in-eres- in 1a7or o1 -/e Rural "ank. Gallardo and /usband )anzo ?led an a3-ion aains- A@uino and -/e "ank be3ause -/e proper-y 6as 0or-aed -o pay loans 1ro0 -/e "ank solely 1or A@uinoOs personal use< -/e 0or-aor in -/e deed 6as A@uino ins-ead o1 Gallardo< A@uino appoin-ed -/e "ank as a--orney in 1a3-+ and in 3ase o1 udi3ial 1ore3losure as re3ei7er 6i-/ 3orrespondin po6er -o sell and -/a-
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz
al-/ou/ 6i-/ou- any e>press au-/ori-y 1ro0 Gallardo+ A@uino 6ai7ed GallardoTs ri/-s under %e3-ion 9+ Rule ;H+ o1 -/e Rules o1 Cour- and -/e proper 7enue o1 -/e 1ore3losure sui-. A@uino ans6ered -/a- Gallardo au-/orized /i0 -o 0or-ae /er proper-y -o a bank so -/a- /e 3ould use -/e pro3eeds -o li@uida-e /er oblia-ion o1 P;I+ -o /i0. !1 la-e+ /o6e7er+ s/e asked /i0 -o pay -/e "ank buA@uino asked 1or pay0en- -o /i0 o1 0oral da0aes and la6yerTs 1ees. $/e "ank 0o7ed -o dis0iss -/e 3o0plain- and ?led 3oun-er3lai0s 1or da0aes and e>penses. #- also ?led a 3ross3lai0 aains- A@uino 1or P;I+ 6i-/ in-eres-+ o-/er bank 3/ares and da0aes i1 -/e 0or-ae be de3lared unau-/orized. $/e "ank also ?led a 3o0plain- aains- Gallardo and A@uino 1or 2&ore3losure o1 )or-ae2 in R$C )aka-i. !n 0o-ion o1 -/e plain-i8+ -/e 1ore3losure 3ase and -/e annul0en- 3ase 6ere 3onsolida-ed.
#%%*E(% W/e-/er -/e Deed o1 Real Es-a-e )or-ae 6as au-/orized+ 7alid+ and en1or3eable aains- Gallardo. DEC#%#!N $/e Deed o1 Real Es-a-e )or-ae 6as 7oid sin3e -/e spe3ial po6er o1 a--orney 3learly s/o6s -/e e>-en- o1 au-/ori-y i7en -o A@uino. Also+ a 0or-ae on real proper-y e>e3u-ed by an aen- 0us- be 0ade+ sined and sealed in -/e na0e o1 -/e prin3ipal+ o-/er6ise+ i- 6ill bind -/e aen- only. #6as 7ery 3lear -/a- A@uino sined /i0sel1 as -/e 0or-aor 6i-/ s-a-in -/a/is sina-ure is 1or and in be/al1 o1 Gallardo. =e also issued -/ree pro0issory no-es+ ea3/ 6ere personally sined by /i0 A@uino'. $/e bank 3anno- deny -/a- -/e deed o1 0or-ae s-ipula-ed -/a- -/e a0oun- ob-ained 1or0 -/e loans s/all be used or applied only 1or ?s/pond banus and supo produ3-ion'. D!C$R#NE: Aen- 6/o sins a Deed o1 )or-ae in /is na0e alone does no- 7alidly bind -/e o6ner o1 -/e 0or-aed es-a-e.
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz
Ca%e N!. 4 AE-- . >OGN, pe-i-ioner+ 7s. AO-E TEOILO T. ERC0DO a.9.a. HDON PEPITO ERC0DO, responden-. >.R. N!. 16741/ De(em"er 1, /6
&AC$% *pon responden-Os re@ues-+ -/e pe-i-ioner+ o6ner o1 ,)G Publis/in =ouse+ sub0i--ed -o responden- dra1- sa0ples and pri3e @uo-a-ion o1 3a0pain 0a-erials. "y pe-i-ionerOs 3lai0+ responden-Os 6i1e /ad -old /i0 -/a- responden- already appro7ed /is pri3e @uo-a-ion and -/a- /e 3ould s-ar- prin-in -/e 3a0pain 0a-erials. =e prin-ed -/e0 and a7ailed o1 -/e ser7i3es and 1a3ili-ies o1 )e-ro Aneles Prin-in and o1 %-. ,osep/ Prin-in Press+ o6ned by /is dau/-er ,enni1er Gozun and 0o-/er Epi1ania )a3alino Gozun+ respe3-i7ely. )ean6/ile+ responden-Os sis-erinla6+ Lilian %oriano ob-ained 1ro0 pe-i-ioner 23as/ ad7an3e2 o1 PI;+ alleedly 1or -/e allo6an3es o1 poll 6a-3/ers 6/o 6ere a--endin a se0inar and 1or o-/er rela-ed e>penses. Pe-i-ioner la-er sen- responden- a %-a-e0en- o1 A33oun- in -/e -o-al a0ouno1 P+9JJ+HB 1or prin-in and 1or -/e 3as/ ad7an3e. Responden-Os 6i1e par-ially paid P9++ -o pe-i-ioner 6/o issued a re3eip-. Responden- 1ailed -o se--le -/e balan3e o1 /is a33oun- -o pe-i-ioner and -/us ?led a 3o0plain- aains- -/e responden-. $/e responden- denied en-erin in-o any 3on-ra3- 1or -/e prin-in o1 3a0pain 0a-erials or 1or ob-ainin a 3as/ ad7an3e. =e alleed -/a- -/e 7arious 3a0pain 0a-erials deli7ered -o /i0 6ere represen-ed as dona-ions
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz
1ro0 /is 1a0ily+ 1riends and poli-i3al suppor-ers. =e added -/a- all 3on-ra3-s in7ol7in /is personal e>penses 6ere 3oursed -/rou/ and sined by /i0 -o ensure 3o0plian3e 6i-/ per-inen- ele3-ion la6s. W/en 3on1ron-ed 6i-/ -/e o3ial re3eip- issued -o /is 6i1e a3kno6ledin /er pay0en- -o ,)G Publis/in =ouse o1 -/e a0oun- o1 P9+++ responden- 3lai0ed -/a- i- 6as /is ?rs- -i0e -o see -/e re3eip-+ albei- /e bela-edly 3a0e -o kno6 1ro0 /is 6i1e and /is 3a0pain 0anaer -/a- -/e P9++ represen-ed 23o0pensa-ion U-o pe-i-ionerV 6/o /elped a lo- in -/e 3a0pain as a es-ure o1 ood6ill.2 A3kno6ledin -/a- pe-i-ioner is enaed in -/e prin-in business+ responden- e>plained -/a- /e so0e-i0es dis3ussed 6i-/ pe-i-ioner s-ra-eies rela-in -o /is 3andida3y+ /e pe-i-ioner' /a7in a3-i7ely 7olun-eered -o /elp in /is 3a0pain< -/a- /is 6i1e 6as no- au-/orized -o en-er in-o a 3on-ra36i-/ pe-i-ioner reardin 3a0pain 0a-erials as s/e kne6 /er li0i-a-ions< -/a- /e no loner @ues-ioned -/e P9++ /is 6i1e a7e pe-i-ioner as /e -/ou/- -/a- i- 6as us- proper -o 3o0pensa-e /i0 1or a ob 6ell done< and -/a- /e 3a0e -o kno6 abou- pe-i-ionerOs 3lai0 aains- /i0 only a1-er re3ei7in a 3opy o1 -/e 3o0plain-+ 6/i3/ surprised /i0 be3ause /e kne6 1ully 6ell -/a- -/e 3a0pain 0a-erials 6ere dona-ions. &inally+ responden-+ dis3lai0in kno6lede o1 -/e Co0ele3 rule -/a- i1 a 3a0pain 0a-erial is dona-ed+ i- 0us- be so s-a-ed on i-s 1a3e+ a3kno6leded -/a- no-/in o1 -/a- sor- 6as 6ri--en on all -/e 0a-erials 0ade by pe-i-ioner. #%%*E(% W/e-/er Lilian R. %oriano 6as au-/orized by -/e responden- -o re3ei7e -/e 3as/ ad7an3e 1ro0 -/e pe-i-ioner in -/e a0oun- o1 PI;+.. DEC#%#!N A spe3ial po6er o1 a--orney is ne3essary 1or an aen- -o borro6 0oney unless i- be uren- or indispensable 1or -/e preser7a-ion o1 -/e -/ins 6/i3/ are under ad0inis-ra-ion. %in3e no-/in in -/is 3ase in7ol7es -/e preser7a-ion o1 -/ins under ad0inis-ra-ion+ a de-er0ina-ion o1 6/e-/er %oriano /ad -/e spe3ial au-/ori-y -o borro6 0oney on be/al1 o1 responden- is in order. $/e rule s-a-es -/a- i1 -/e spe3ial au-/ori-y is no- 6ri--en+ -/en i0us- be duly es-ablis/ed by e7iden3e. #n -/is 3ase+ -/e pe-i-ioner 1ailed -o s-a-e 6/e-/er -/e loan 6as 0ade on or on be/al1 o1 -/e responden- or /is 6i1e. $/e no-e presen-ed by -/e pe-i-ioner -o suppor- /is 3lai0 6/i3/ is sined by %oriano' in1erred no-/in 6i-/ 3onne3-in -/e de1endan-. Clearly+ %oriano 6as no- au-/orized by -/e responden- -o re3ei7e 3as/ ad7an3e 1ro0 -/e pe-i-ioner.
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz
D!C$R#NE: A spe3ial po6er o1 a--orney is ne3essary 1or an aen- -o borro6 0oney unless i- be uren- or indispensable 1or -/e preser7a-ion o1 -/e -/ins 6/i3/ are under ad0inis-ra-ion.
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz 9. ) VI CENTESYJUCO andCI PRI ANAVI ARDO,pl ai nt i ffs appel l ant s , vs. f e ndan t app el l an t . SANTI AGO V.SYJUCO,de
Doc t r i ne :Wh ena na ge ntb ou gh tp r o p er t yi nhi so wnna meb utwi t ht h eu s eo ft h emo ne yofh i sp r i n c i p al ,t h ea ge nti sbo un dt o t r ans f ert ot hepr i nc i pal al l t her i ght swhi c ht heagentac qui r ed. Facts: I n1 90 2t h ed ef e nd an twa sa pp oi n t e db yt h ep l a i n t i ff sa dmi n i s t r a t o ro ft h ei rp r o pe r t yan da ct e da ss uc hu nt i l J un e3 0,1 91 6, whe nhi sau t ho r i t ywa scan ce l l ed .Thepl a i nt i ff sar edef end ant ' sf at he ra ndmo t h erwhoal l e get hatd ur i nghi sad mi n i s t r at i ont he de f e ndan ta c qu i r e dt hep r o pe r t ycl a i medi nt hec ompl a i nti nh i scapa ci t yaspl a i nt i ff s' ad mi n i s t r at o rwi t ht he i rmon eyan df o rt he i r b e n e fi t . Thepr ope r t i esi n v ol v edi nt hi sca sear et hef ol l o wi n g: -
l aunc hMal abon c as coNo. 2584 au t omob i l eNo. 20 60
Thel o werc our tr end er edj u dgme nti nf a vo ro ft hepl a i nt i ff so r d er i ngdef en dantt or e t ur nt hep r o pe r t i e si n vo l v ed.No ts a t i s fi edwi t ht he de ci s i o n,bo t hpar t i esapp eal ed.Hen cet hi spe t i t i o n. On eo ft h ec o nt e nt i o n so ft h ed e f e n da n ti st h a th eb ou g htt h el a u nc hMa l a b oni nhi so wnna mee v e nt h ou g ht h emo ne yh eu s e d b el o ngt ot h ep l a i n t i ff s .Heme nt i o ne dt h ec as eofMa r t i n ezv . Ma r t i n ezwh er e i nt h es ames i t u at i o nh ap pe ne d. I s sue/ s :W/ Nt h ed ef e nd an ts h ou l dha v et h er i g hto v ert h eL au nc h ? Hel d: No ,h es ho ul dno th av et h er i g ht . Th ec ou r ts t a t e dt h att h ed i ff er e nc ei nt heMa r t i n ezc as ean dt h ec as ea tb ari st h ati nt h eMa r t i ne zca set h ed ef e nd antwa sn ota n a gen t .I nt h ec as ea tb art h ed ef e nd an ti sana ge ntb ei n ga na pp oi n t e da dmi n i s t r a t o r .Th ed ef e nd an ti sbo un dt ot r a ns f e rt ot h e pl ai nt i ff sal l t her i ght swhi c hheac qui r ed. Th ec ou r ta l s ome nt i o ne dt h atAr t i c l e1 71 7o ft h eo l dci v i l c od et h at ,wh ena na ge nc yac t si nh i sownna me ,t h ep r i n ci p al s ha l l h av e nor i g htofac t i onag ai ns tt heper s onwi t hwho mt heage ntha sc on t r a ct ed ,c as esi n vo l v i ngt hi ng sb el on gi n gt ot h epr i n ci pal a r e e x ce pt ed.Ac c or di n gt ot h i sex c ep t i o n,wh ent h i ng sb el o ngi n gt ot h epr i n ci p al a r edeal twi t ht hea gen ti sboun dt ot hepr i n ci pa l ' sappar ent a l t h o ug hh ed o esn ota s s u met h ec h a r a c t e ro fs u c ha ge n ta ndap pe a r sa c t i n gi nhi so wnna me .Theagent r e pr e se nt a t i ony i e l dst ot hepr i nc i pa l ' st r uer e pr e s ent a t i ona ndt ha t ,i nr e a l i t yandi ne ffe ct ,t hecont r a ctmus tb e c ons i de r e dase nt e r e di nt obe t we e nt hepr i nc i pa la ndt het hi r dpe r s o n. Di s pos i t i v ePor t i on:“ Fr o mt h ef o r e g oi n gc on si d er a t i on s ,weaffir mt h ej u dg men ta pp ea l e df r o mi nal l i t spa r t se x cep ti nsof a ra s t h ec as c oNo.2545i sc onc er n ed ,andast ot hi swede cl a r et hat ,i tha vi ngbeenso l db yt hepl ai nt i ff st ot hed ef enda nt ,t hel a t t e ri s a bs ol v ed .Nosp ec i a lfi nd i n gsast oc os t s .Soor d er e d. ”
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz 1 0 . ) NATI ONALFOODAUTHORI TY,( NFA) , pet i t i oner , v s . r e s po nd en t s . I NTERMEDI ATEAPPELLATECOURT, SUPERI OR( SG)SHI PPI NG CORPORATI ON,
Doc t r i ne :Theagent ' sappar entr epr es ent at i onyi el dst ot h epr i nc i pal ' st r uer epr es ent at i onandt hat ,i nr e al i t yandi neff ec t ,t he c ont r a ctmus tbec on si der e da sent er edi nt ob et wee nt hep r i nc i pal andt het hi r dpe r s on .Co r o l l a r i l y ,i ft hep r i nc i pal c anbeo bl i gedt o pe r f or mh i sdut i e su nde rt hecon t r ac t ,t h eni tc anal s od emandt heen f or c emento fi t sr i g ht sar i s i ngf r o mt heco nt r a ct . F a c t s :Gi l Me da l l a ,aco mmi s s i onag en to ft hepr i v at er e sp on de nt ,e nt e r e di nt oac on t r a ctf o rh i r eo fs hi p ( Sh i p ’ sna me :MVSe a Ru nn er )wi t hp et i t i o ne rNF A( t h enn ame dNa t i o na lGr a i n sAu t h or i t y ( NGA) ) .Un de rt h es a i dco nt r a ctMe da l l aob l i g at e dt ot r a ns po r to n t h e" MVSe aRu nn er "8 , 5 50s ac k sofr i c ebe l o ng i ngt ode f e nd an tNa t i o na lGr a i n sAu t h or i t yf r o mt h ep or to fSa nJ os e,Oc c i d en t a l Mi n do r o ,t oMa l a bo n,Me t r oMa ni l a . Upo nc ompl e t i o no ft hede l i v er yofr i c eati t sdes t i nat i on,p r i v at er e spo nden t , wr o t eal e t t e rr eq ue st i ngpe t i t i o nerNF Ad emand i n gt he a mou nts t at edi nt heco nt r a ct .Ho we ve r ,NF Ao ni n f o r medpl a i nt i fft hati tc ou l dnotg r a nti t sr eq ues tbe cau set hecon t r a ctt ot r ans por t t h er i c ewa se nt e r e di n t obyNF Aa ndMe da l l awh od i dn otd i s c l o s et h ath ewa sa c t i n ga same r ea ge nto fp r i v a t er e s p on de nt .NF Ai s c l a i mi n gt ha ti ta l r e adypa i dMe dal l at hesum o fP25 , 97 4. 90,f orf r e i g hts er v i c esi nco nne ct i o nwi t ht h es hi pme nto f8, 5 50sac k sof r i c e. Pr i v a t er e s p on de ntwr o t et oMe da l l ade ma nd i n gt h ath et u r no v ert opl a i n t i fft h ea mo un to fP2 7, 0 00 . 0 0p ai dt ohi mb yNF A.Me da l l a , h owe v e r ," i g no r e dt h ed ema nd . " Th i sl edt op r i v at er e spon den tfi l i ngt hi spr e sen ta c t i onf o rt hec ol l ec t i onoft h es um f r om NF A.Th et r i a lc our t hel dNF Aj o i n t l yand s e ve r a l l yl i a bl ewi t hMe da l l a .T hea pp el l a t ec ou r ta ffir me dt h ej u dg me nto ft h el o we rc o ur t ,h en ce ,t h i sap pe al . NF Ai sc ont en di ngt h ati ti snotl i ab l eu nde rt hee x cep t i ont ot h er u l e( Ar t .188 3)s i nc ei th adn ok no wl edgeoft hef a cto fa genc y b et we enpr i v a t er e s po nd en ta ndMe da l l aatt h et i mewh ent h ec o nt r a c twa sen t e r e di n t obe t we ent h em ( NF Aa ndMe da l l a ) . Pe t i t i o ne rs u bmi t st h at" Anu nd i s c l o se dp r i n ci p al c an no tma i n t a i na na ct i o nu po naco nt r a ctma deb yh i sag en tu n l e sss uc hp r i n ci p al wa sd i s c l o se di ns uc hc on t r a ct .Onewh od ea l swi t ha na ge nta cq ui r e sn or i g htag ai n stt h eu nd i s c l o se dp r i n ci p al . " et hel o we rc ou r t sco r r ec ti nh ol d i ngp et i t i o nerNF Al i ab l e? I s sue/ s :Ar He l d:Yes ,t hel o we rc o ur t swer eco r r ec t . I ti sanu nd i s p ut e df a c tt h atGi l Me da l l awa sac o mmi s s i o na ge nto fr e s po nd en tSu pe r i o rSh i p pi n gCo r p o r a t i o nwh i c ho wn edt h e v e ss el " MVSe aRu nn er "t h att r a ns po r t e dt h es ac k so fr i c eb el o ng i n gt op et i t i o ne rNF A.Th ea ge nt ' sap pa r e n tr e pr e se nt a t i o ny i e l d s t ot h epr i nc i p al ' st r u er e pr es ent a t i onandt hat ,i nr ea l i t yandi ne ffe ct ,t hec ont r ac tmus tb ec ons i de r e da sen t e r e di n t obe t we ent he pr i nc i pal andt het hi r dper s on.Cor ol l ar i l y ,i ft hepr i nc i pal c anbeobl i gedt oper f or m hi sdut i esundert hec ont r ac t , t heni tc anal s o de ma ndt hee nf o r c emento fi t sr i gh t sa r i s i ngf r om t hecon t r ac t . WHEREFORE,PREMI SESCONSI DERED,t hepet i t i oni sher ebyDENI EDandt heappeal eddeci si oni s Di s pos i t i v ePor t i on:“ her ebyAFFI RMED. ”
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz 1 1 . ) BA FI NANCECORPORATI ON,pet i t i oner , v s . r e s po nd en t s . HON.COURTOFAPPEALSandTRADERS ROYALBANK,
Doc t r i ne : Th er ep r e s en t a t i ono fo n ewh oa ct sasag entc an no tb yi t s el fs er v ea sp r o o fo fh i sau t h or i t yt oa cta sa ge nto ro ft h e e xt entofhi saut hor i t yasagent . F a c t s :Th eGa y t a nos po us e s,d oi n gb us i n es su nd ert h en ameGe bb sI n t e r n a t i o na l ,a pp l i e df o ra ndwa sgr a nt e dal o anwi t h r e s po nd en tT r a de r sRo y a lBa nki nt h ea mo un to fP6 0, 0 00 . 0 0.Ph i l i pWo ngasc r e di ta dmi n i s t r a t o ro fBAFi n an c eCo r p o r a t i o nf o ra n d i nb eh al fo ft h es ai dc or p or a t i o n,u nde r t o okt og ua r a nt e et h el o ano ft h eGa y t a nos po us es . Pa r t i a lp ay me nt swe r ema deont h el o anl e a vi n ga nu np ai dba l a nc ei nt h ea mo un to fP8 5, 8 07 . 2 5.Si n c et h eGa y t a nos po us e s r e f u se dt op ayt h ei ro bl i g at i o n,r e sp on de ntb an kfi l e dwi t ht het r i a lc ou r tc o mp l a i n tf o rs u mo fmo ne ya ga i n stt h eGa yt a nos po us es an dBAFi n anc eCo r p or a t i onasa l t e r n at i v ede f e ndan t . BAFi na nc eCo r p or at i onr a i s edt hede f e ns eo fl a cko fa ut ho r i t yofi t sc r ed i t ad mi n i s t r at o rt ob i n dt h ec or po r a t i on. Th et r i a lc o ur tr e nd er e daj u dg me nti nf a v orT r a de r sRo y al Ba nko r d er i n gt h eGa y t a nosp ou se st opa yt h ed ebt .No ts at i s fi edwi t ht h e d ec i s i o n,T r a de r sRo y a lBa nkap pe al e dt h ej u dg me ntt ot h eCAa s k i n gt h atBAFi n an c eCo r p o r a t i o ns h ou l da l s ob eh el dl i a bl e .Th e CAmo d i fi e dt h ej u d gme ntma k i n gBAFi n an c eCo r p o r a t i o nLi a b l e . Pe t i t i o ne rc on t e nd st h ati ts ho ul dn otbema del i a bl eu nd ert h el e t t e r g ua r a n t ybe ca us ep et i t i o ne rh adn ok no wl e dg eo rn ot i c eo fs u c h l e t t e r g ua r a nt yi s s ue db yPh i l i pWo ng ,wh i c hwa sn ots up po r t e db ye v i d en c eo fa n ya ud i tr e po r to rr e co r dofs u cht r a ns ac t i o ni nt he o ffic efi l e s . I ssues: I st h eCAc or r ec ti nhol di ngt hepet i t i onerl i abl e? Hel d: NO,i twa sn ot . sumed Th ec o ur th el dt h atPh i l i pWo ngwa sanas agen twh enhei s s uedt hes ai dl e t t e rgua r a nt y .I ti sas et t l edr u l et hatper s ons d ea l i n gwi t hanas s ume da ge nt ,wh et h ert h ea ss ume da ge nc ybeag ene r a l o rs p e ci a lo near ebo undatt h ei rp er i l ,i ft h eywo ul dho l d t hepr i nc i pal l i abl e,t oas cer t ai nnotonl yt hef ac tofagenc ybutal s ot henat ur eande xt entofaut hor i t y ,andi ncas eei t heri s c ont r o ve r t e d,t hebu r d enofpr oo fi supo nt hem t oes t abl i s hi t .Hen ce,t heb ur de ni sonr e sp onde ntban kt osa t i s f ac t or i l ypr o vet hat t h ec r ed i tad mi n i s t r at o rwi t hwho mt h eyt r an sa ct eda ct e dwi t h i nt heau t h o r i t ygi v ent ohi mb yhi spr i nc i pal ,pe t i t i o nerc o r p or at i o n.The o nl ye vi d en cepr e se nt e db yr e sp on de ntb an kwa st h et e s t i mo nyofPh i l i pWo ng ,c r e di ta dmi n i s t r a t o r ,wh ot e st i fi edt h ath eh ad a ut h or i t yt oi s s u eg ua r a n t e esa sc a nb ed ed uc e df r o mt h ewo r d i n go ft h eme mo r a nd um g i v e nt ohi mb ype t i t i o ne rc o r p or a t i o no nh i s l endi ngaut hor i t y . Re s p on de n t ' sc o nt e nd st h att h ep h r a s e" c o n t i n g en tc o mmi t me n t "s e tf o r t hi nt h eme mo r a n du m me a nsg ua r a nt e es .Al t h ou g hWo ng wa sc l e ar l ya ut h or i z edt oap pr o v el o an sev e nupt oP3 50 , 0 00 . 0 0wi t h ou ta nys ec ur i t yr e qu i r e me nt ,wh i c hi sf a ra bo v et h ea mo un t s ub j e cto ft h eg ua r a nt yi nt h ea mo un to fP6 0, 0 00 . 0 0,n ot h i n gi nt h es ai dme mo r a nd um e x pr e ss l yv es t sont hec r e d i ta dmi n i s t r a t o r p owe rt oi s s u eg ua r a nt e es .“ Co nt i n ge ntCo mmi t me nt ”d oe sn otme ang ua r a nt y . I th asbe enh el dt h atap owe ro fa t t o r n eyora ut h or i t y o fa na ge nts h ou l dno tb ei n f e r r e df r o mt h eu s eo fv a gu eo rg e ne r a l wo r d s .Gu ar a nt yi sno tp r e s u me d,i tmu s tb ee x pr e s s eda nd c an no tb ee x t en de db ey o ndi t ss pe ci fi edl i mi t s . Thes ol eal l ega t i ono ft hec r e di tad mi n i s t r a t ori nt heab se nc eofan yo t herp r ooft hath ei sau t ho r i z edt ob i ndpe t i t i o neri nac on t r ac t o fgu ar a nt ywi t ht h i r dpe r s o nss ho ul dno tb eg i v e nwe i g ht .Th er e pr e se nt a t i o no fo newh oa c t sasag en tc an no tb yi t s el fs er v ea s
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz pr oofo fh i sau t ho r i t yt oa cta sa gen to ro ft hee xt e ntofh i saut h or i t yasage nt .Wo ng' st es t i mon yt ha th eha den t e r e di n t os i mi l a r t r a ns ac t i onsofg uar an t yi nt hepa stf o ra ndi nb eha l foft hep et i t i on er ,l ac k sc r e den cedu et ohi sf a i l u r et os ho w do cu men t sor r e co r d so ft heal l e ge dpas tt r ans ac t i on s. Di s pos i t i v epor t i on:“ ACCORDI NGL Y ,t h epe t i t i o ni sGRANTEDa ndt h eas s a i l e dd ec i s i o noft h er e s p on de nta pp el l a t ec ou r t d at e d Mar ch13,1990i sher ebyREVERSEDandSETASI DEandanot heronei sr ender eddi smi ssi ngt hecompl ai ntf orsum ofmoney a ga i n stBAFi n an ceCo r p or a t i o n. ”
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz 12) COSMI CLUMBERCORPORATI ON, pet i t i oner , v s . e s p on d en t s . COURTOFAPPEALSandI SI DRO PEREZ,r
Doc t r i ne :Whe nt h es al eo fapi e ceofl an doran yi n t e r e s tt he r e oni st hr o ughanage nt ,t heaut h or i t yoft hel at t ers hal l bei nwr i t i n g; o t he r wi s e,t h es al es ha l l bev oi d. Wh enanage nti sen ga gedi nt h epe r p et r at i o nofaf r au dup onhi spr i nc i p alf o rh i so wnex c l u si v ebene fit ,hei sno tr e al l yac t i ngf o r t hepr i nc i pal buti sr e al l yac t i ngf orh i ms el f ,ent i r el yout s i det hes copeofhi sagenc y . F a c t s :COSMI CLUMBERCORPORATI ONt hr oughi t sGener al Managerexec ut edon28Januar y1985aSpeci al PowerofAt t or ney appoi nt i ngPazG.Vi l l ami l Es t r adaasat t or ne yi nf ac ta ut hor i z i ngVi l l ami l Es t r adat o“ i ni t i at e,i ns t i t ut eandfi l ean yc our t ac t i onf ort he e j ec t me ntoft hi r dpe r s on san d/ ors qua t t e r sont hes ub j ec tpr op er t y ,andf o rt hi spu r p os e,t oappe aratt hepr et r i a lc onf er e nc eand en t e ri nt oan ys t i pul a t i onoff ac t san d/ o rc ompr omi s eag r e ements of ara si ts ha l l p r o t ec tt her i gh t san di n t e r e s to ft hec or por a t i oni n t h ea f o r e me nt i o ne dp r o pe r t y . ” Vi l l ami l Es t r ada ,b yv i r t ueofherp owe rofa t t or ne y ,i ns t i t ut edana ct i o nf o rt heej e ct me nto fp r i v at er es pond entI s i d r oPer e zan d r e co v ert h ep os s es s i o no fapo r t i o no fL otNo .44 3o cu pi e db yPe r e z .Su bs eq ue nt l y , Vi l l a mi l Es t r a daen t e r e di n t oaCo mp r o mi s e Ag r e e me ntwi t hr e s po nd en tPe r e z .I nt h ec omp r o mi s ea gr e eme nt ,Vi l l a mi l Es t r a daag r e e dt os el l t h es ub j e ctp or t i o no fl a ndt oPe r e z f o rP2 6 , 6 40 . 0 0c o mp ut e da tP8 0. 0 0 / s q u ar eme t e r .Th eCo mp r o mi s eAg r e e me n twa sap p r o v e db yt h et r i a lc o u r t a n dj u dg me ntwa s r e nd er e di nac c or d an cet h er e wi t h . Al t h ou ght h ed ec i s i o nb ec amefi na la nde x ec ut o r yi twa sn ote x ec ut e dwi t h i nt h e5 y e arp er i o df r o md at eo fi t sfin al i t yal l e ge dl ydu e t ot h ef a i l u r eofpe t i t i on ert opr o duc et heowne r ’ sdu pl i c at eco pyofTi t l eNo .376 49need edt oseg r e gat ef r o m Lo tNo .443t hepor t i on s ol dbyt h ea t t o r n e y i n f a ct ,Pa zG.Vi l l a mi l Es t r a da ,t opr i v a t er e sp on de ntu nd ert h ec omp r o mi s ea gr e eme nt .Pe r e zfi l e dac o mp l a i n t t or e v i v et h ej u dg me nt . Pe t i t i o ne ra s s er t st h ati twa so nl ywh ent h es ummo nsf o rt h er e v i v a lo fj u dg me ntwa ss er v e du po ni tt ha ti tc amet okn owo ft h e c o mp r o mi s ea gr e eme nte nt e r e di n t ob et we enPa zG.Vi l l a mi l Es t r a daa ndr e s po nd en tI s i d r oPe r e zu po nwh i c ht h et r i a lc o ur tb as e d i t sdec i s i on.Uponl ear ni ngoft hef r audul entt r ans ac t i on,pet i t i oners oughtannul mentoft hedec i s i onoft het r i al c our t bef or e r e sp on de ntCo ur to fAp pe al so nt h eg r o un dt h att h ec omp r o mi s eag r e e me ntwa sv oi dbe ca us epe t i t i o ne rd i dno ta ut h or i z eVi l l a mi l Es t r a dat os el l t h ep r o p er t yan dt h eydi dn otr e ce i v et h ea mou ntp ai db yPe r e z .CAd i s mi s s edt h ep et i t i o ne r ’ sc omp l a i n t . Pe t i t i o ne ra r g ue st h att h ede ci s i o no ft h et r i a lc ou r ti sv oi dbe ca us et h ec omp r o mi s ea gr e eme ntu po nwh i c hi twa sb as edi sv oi d . At t o r n ey i n f ac tVi l l ami l Es t r a dadi dno tpos s es st heaut ho r i t yt osel l orwa ss hear me dwi t haBoa r dRes ol ut i onaut h or i z i ngt hesa l e o fi t spr o pe r t y .Sh ewa sme r e l yemp owe r e dt oen t e ri n t oac o mp r o mi s ea gr e eme nti nt h er e c ov e r ys u i ts h ewa sa ut h or i z e dt ofi l e a ga i n stp er s on ss qu at t i n go nL otNo .4 4 3,s uc hau t h or i t ybe i n ge x pr e ss l yco nfi ne dt ot h e“ e j e ct men to ft h i r dp er s on so rs qu at t er sof l o t4 43f o rt h es ai ds qu at t e r st or e mo v et he i rh ou se sa ndva ca t et h ep r e mi s e si no r d ert h att h ec or p or a t i o nma yt a k ema t e r i a l pos ses si onoft heent i r el ot . ” I s sue/ s :Sh ou l dt h ej u dg me ntb a s edo nt h ec omp r o mi s ea gr e e me n tb ev al i d ? He l d:No ,t h ec o mp r o mi s eag r e eme nti sv o i d ,h en c et h ej u dg me nth asn ol e gt os t a ndon . Theau t ho r i t ygr ant edVi l l a mi l Es t r a daun dert hespe ci a lpo we ro fa t t o r n eywa se xp l i c i ta ndex c l us i onar y .No whe r ei nt h i s au t h o r i z at i onwasVi l l a mi l Es t r a dag r a nt ede xpr e ss l yori mp l i e dl yan yp owe rt os el l t hes ubj e ctp r o pe r t ynorapor t i ont he r e of .
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz Ne i t h erc anac on f e r me nto ft h ep owe rt os el l b ev a l i d l yi n f e r r e df r o mt h es pe ci fi ca ut h or i t y“ t oe nt e ri n t oac omp r o mi s ea gr e eme nt ” be cau seoft h ee xp l i c i tl i mi t at i o nfi x edb yt hegr ant ort hatt h ec omp r o mi s eent er edi nt os hal l onl ybe“ s of a rasi ts ha l l pr o t e ctt h e r i g ht sandi nt er e sto ft h ec or po r a t i oni nt heaf o r e men t i on edl o t s . ”Wh ent hes al eofap i ec eofl a ndoran yi nt er e stt h er e oni st hr ough anagent ,t heaut hor i t yoft hel at t ers hal l bei nwr i t i ng;ot her wi s e,t hes al es hal l bevoi d.I ti st her ef or ec l eart hatbysel l i ngt o r e sp on de ntPe r e zap or t i o no fp e t i t i o ne r ’ sl a ndt h r o ug hac omp r o mi s ea gr e eme nt ,Vi l l a mi l Es t r a daa ct e dwi t h ou to ri no bv i o us a ut h or i t y .Th es al ei p soj u r ei sc o ns eq ue nt l yv o i d .Soi st hec omp r o mi s eag r e e me nt .Th i sb ei n gt h ec as e,t h ej u dg me ntb as ed t h er e oni sn ec es s ar i l yvoi d . Th er ei sal s ot h ef a ctt h atp et i t i o ne rd i dn otk no wt h ee x i s t e nc eo ft hec omp r o mi s ea gr e eme ntp r i o rt ot h es ummo nsoft h ea ct i o nf o r r e vi v al ofj udgmentfi l edbyPer ez .Pet i t i onerwasdec ei v edandbet r a yedbyi t sat t or ne yi nf ac t .Vi l l ami l Es t r adadel i ber at el y c on ce al e df r o mp et i t i o ne r ,h erp r i n ci pa l ,t h atac omp r o mi s ea gr e eme nth adb eenf o r g edwi t ht h ee nd r e su l tt h atapo r t i o no f pe t i t i on er ’ spr o per t ywa ss ol dt oPe r e z.Thu sco mp l e t el yk ep tuna wa r eofi t sa ge nt ’ sa r t i fi c e,pe t i t i on erwa sn ota cc or de de ve na fi g ht i n gc h an c et or e pu di a t et h es e t t l e me nts omu c hs ot h att h ej u dg me ntb as e dt h er e onb ec a mefi na la nde x ec u t o r y .Wh ena n ag en ti seng agedi nt hep er pe t r a t i onofaf r a udupo nh i spr i n ci pa lf o rh i sowne x cl u si v eb ene fit ,hei sno tr ea l l yac t i n gf o rt hepr i n ci pa l bu ti sr e al l yac t i ngf o rh i ms el f ,en t i r el yout s i det hes c opeofh i sagen cy .I nd eed ,t h eba si ct e ne t so fa gen cyr e s to nt h ehi g hes t c ons i de r a t i o nsofj u st i c e,equ i t yandf ai rp l a y ,a ndanage ntwi l l no tb ep er mi t t e dt ope r v er thi sau t ho r i t yt oh i so wnpe r s ona l ad van t a ge,a ndh i sac ti ns ec r e th os t i l i t yt ot hei n t e r e s t sofhi spr i n ci p al t r ans c en dst hepo we raff or de dhi m. Di s pos i t i v ePor t i on:“ WHEREF ORE,t h epe t i t i o ni sGRANTED.Th ede c i s i o nan dr e s o l u t i o nofr e s p on de n tCo u r t o fAp pe a l sd a t e d 2 9Oc t o be r1 99 3a nd10Ma r c h19 94 ,r e sp ec t i v e l y , a swe l l a st h ed ec i s i o no ft h eRe gi o na lT r i a lCo ur to fDa gu panCi t yi nCi v i l Ca s e No.D7750dat ed27November1985,ar eNULLI FI EDandSETASI DE.The“ Compr omi seAgr eement ”ent er edi nt obet ween At t o r n ey i n f ac tPa zG.Vi l l a mi l Es t r ad aandr es pon dentI s i dr oPer ezi sdec l ar e dVOI D.Thi si swi t ho utp r e j u di c et ot h er i g htof pe t i t i on ert opur s uei t sc omp l ai n tag ai ns tp r i v at er e spon dentI s i dr oPer e zi nCi v i l Cas eNo.D7 750f ort her e co v er yofp os se ss i onof apor t i onofLo tNo.4 43 . ”
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz PN" % CA nasa isan lap-op ko di ko 0a-rans1er biyan ko kayo prin-ed 3opy sa roo0. *% 7s REYE% D!C$R#NE: -/e ri/- -o a 3o00ission does no- 0ake one a oin- o6ner 6i-/ a ri/-o 0oney 3olle3-ed+ bu- es-ablis/es -/e rela-ion o1 prin3ipal and aen-. &AC$%: Lo6er 3our- 1ound Do0ino Reyes uil-y o1 es-a1a R." bla3k0an+ a sur7eyor li7in in panasinan+ and a33used also li7es in -/e sa0e pla3e. "la3k0an e0ployed Reyes -o 3olle3- 3er-ain a0oun-s due 1ro0 9 indi7iduals 1or "la3k0anOs 6ork. $/e -o-al a0oun- -o be 3olle3-ed by Reyes is Bp/p. Reyes su33eeded in 3olle3-in I4p/p. Reyes deli7ered -o "la3k0an -/e a0oun- o1 ;Bp/p. =e re-ained -/e balan3e o1 9Jp/p. $/e aree0en- be-6een -/e0 is oral. "la3k0an 3lai0s -/a- /e areed -o pay Reyes a 3o00ission o1 9S. Reyes 3lai0s -/a- /e 6as -o re3ei7e a 3o00ission o1 S. $rial 3our- ruled : in 1a7or o1 "la3k0an+ 9S lan an 0a-a-anap ni Reyes #%%*E: W!N Reyes is uil-y o1 es-a1a =ELD: yes RA$#!: i- 6ill be no-i3ed -/a- i1 6e a33ep- -/e s-a-e0en-s o1 "la3k0an+ 9S'+ Reyes 6as en-i-led -o 9S o1 I4 6/i3/ is I4 dedu3-in 1ro0 9J 6/i3/ is 99 as 0isappropria-ed. !n -/e o-/er /and+ i1 Reyes aru0en- is 3orre3-+ S o1 B is 9J. %C said -/a- 3on3edin -/a- Reyes is en-i-led -o S+ -/e basis o1 3o0pu-a-ion 0usbe -/e -o-al a0oun- o1 3olle3-ed 0oney 6/i3/ is I4. Also+ -/e ri/- -o re3ei7e 3o00ission did no- 0ake Reyes as a oin- o6ner 6i-/ "la3k0an so as -o en-i-le /i0 -old ou- any su0 /e 3/ose. Also+ under -/e oral 3on-ra3- o1 aen3y+ reyes 6as bound -o pay -o -/e prin3ipal all -/a- /e /ad re3ei7ed by 7ir-ue o1 -/e aen3y. Also+ sin3e -/e aen3y 6as -er0ina-ed+ -/e aen- 6as under -/e oblia-ion -o re-urn o7er -o -/e prin3ipal -/e a0oun- 3olle3-ed 0inus /is 3o00ission.
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz ,*DGE)EN$ !& $=E $R#AL C!*R$ #% =ERE"Y A&&#R)ED.
Guz0an 7s CA D!C$R#NE: aen- a3@uirin possession o1 a proper-y on be/al1 o1 a prin3ipal is 3onsidered as uridi3al possession. &AC$%: Guz0an+ a -ra7ellin sales aen- o1 Ne6 Li1e 3o00er3ial le1- )anila 6i-/ 4I 3ases o1 di8eren- assor-0en-s o1 La $ondeiia 6ine in a -ru3k. $ru3k 6as dri7en by Andres "uena7en-ura 6i-/ &ederi3o Caba3unan as 6as/in /elper' Alon -/e rou-e+ Guz0an 0ade sales and 6/en -/ey rea3/ed Caayan abou- ;p0+ Guz0an /ad in /is possession 4+J; pesos. $/ey parked -/eir -ru3k a- sa0brano s-a-ion. W/en -/ey re-ired 1or -/e ni/-+ dri7er and uz0an o33upied -/e dri7erOs 3o0par-0en-+ uz0an -ook -/e upper de3k. =elper slep- in -/e body o1 -/e -ru3k 6ere -/e 6ines 6ere kep-. $/ere 6as a 6all be-6een -/e body o1 -/e -ru3k and dri7erOs 3o0par-0en-. #n -/e 0ornin+ Guz0an -old -/e dri7er -/a- /e los- -/e a0oun- o1 .k and /is ?rear0 li3ense. !n -/e 6ay /o0e+ -/ey 6ere 0e- by a -a> 3olle3-or and poli3e0an )ariano Da7id 6/o -old Guz0an -o e>e3u-e an ada7i- reardin -/e1-. "e1ore uz0an le1-+ /e en-rus-ed -o -/e dri7er -/e a0oun- o1 9B; and 3/e3k 1or 4; under proper re3eip- 1or deli7ery -o -/e 0anaer Enri@ue Go. $/e dri7er deli7ered -/e 0oney -o Enri@ue Go. Go repor-ed -o -/e P/ilippine 3ons-abulary. W/en uz0an 6as @ues-ioned+ /e s-a-ed -/a- only ;pesos 6as le1- re0ained in /is possession. i%%*E: W!N de1endan- is uil-y o1 -/e1- RA$#!: N! =ELD: uz0an 3lai0s -/a- /e 3o00i--ed es-a1a and no- -/e1- be3ause /is possession 6as uridi3al.
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz %in3e /e 6as a -ra7ellin sales aen-+ /e /as uridi3al possession and -/ere1ore+ es-a1a is -/e proper 3ri0e. An aen- 3o0pared -o a -eller+ 3an e7en asser- as aains- /is o6n prin3ipal+ an independen-+ au-ono0ous ri/- -o re-ain -/e 0oney re3ei7ed in 3onse@uen3e o1 -/e aen3y< as 6/en -/e prin3ipal 1ails -o rei0burse /i0 1or ad7an3es /e /as 0ade+ and inde0ni1y /i0 1or da0aes su8ered 6i-/ou- /is 1aul-. NE$ #%%*E: W!N -/e in1or0a-ion 1or @uali?ed -/e1- allees su3ien- 1a3-s -o su-ain a 3on7i3-ion o1 es-a1a =ELD: N! RA$#: essen-ial ele0en- o1 es-a1a is -/a- -/e 0oney or oods 0isappropria-ed or 3on7er-ed by -/e a33used -o -/e preudi3e o1 ano-/er 6as re3ei7ed by /i0 in -rusor on 3o00ission or 1or ad0inis-ra-ion or under any oblia-ion in7ol7in -/e du-y -o 0ake deli7ery o1+ or -o re-ain -/e sa0e. N! allea-ion appears in -/e abo7e in1or0a-ion+ -/ere1ore uz0an 3anno- be /eld uil-y o1 es-a1a. W=ERE&!RE -/e de3ision appealed 1ro0 is re7ersed+ and appellan- ,oa@uin Guz0an a3@ui--ed o1 -/e 3ri0e o1 @uali?ed -/e1-. Appellan- s/ould /o6e7er be /eld in 3us-ody pendin -/e ?lin o1 ano-/er in1or0a-ion aains- /i0 1or es-a1a under ar-i3le ;9I.
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz
C/ua bur3e 7s CA D!C$R#NE: -/e possession o1 a person no- an aen- is only 0a-erial possession &AC$%: appeal by 3er-iorari ?ndin 3/ua bur3e uil-y o1 es-a1a' Ra0on Ro3a0ora+ )anaer o1 )e-ropoli-an "ank 3alapan bran3/+ re@ues-ed &ru3-uoso PenaXor+ assis-an- 3as/ier -o 3ondu3- a p/ysi3al bundle 3oun- o1 -/e 3ase inside -/e 7aul-. Durin -/e ini-ial 3oun-+ -/ey dis3o7ered a s/or-ae o1 9I bundles o1 9 pesos deno0ina-ed bills -o-allin 9I+. $/e ne>- day+ a re7eri?3a-ion 6as done+ s-ill+ -/ere 6as a s/or-ae. $/e bank ini-ia-ed 4 in7es-ia-ions. All o1 -/ese in7es-ia-ions 3on3luded -/a- -/ere 6as a s/or-ae and -/e person pri0arily liable is -/e bankOs 3as/ 3us-odian C=*A "*RCE. $/e bank -er0ina-ed 3/ua bur3eOs ser7i3es. )e-robank ?led a 3i7il 3ase -o re3o7er -/e 0oney+ prior -o -/e ?lin o1 ans6er in -/e 3i7il 3ase+ a 3ri0inal 3ase 1or es-a1a 6as ?led. "!$= 3i7il and 3ri0inal 3ase 6ere raed. C/ua bur3e 0o7ed 1or -/e suspension o1 -/e 3ri0inal 3ase on -/e round o1 -/e e>is-en3e o1 preudi3ial @ues-ion. Appella-e 3our- ruled -/a- -/ere 6as no preudi3ial @ues-ion. C/ua bur3e plead no- uil-y. $/e par-ies areed -o adop- -/eir respe3-i7e e7iden3e in -/e 3i7il 3ase as -/eir respe3-i7e e7iden3e in -/e 3ri0inal 3ase. $C 3on7i3- 3a ar0ed na 7olun-ary surrender siya so 0ay 0i-ia-in in 3ase -anunin ni sir' #%%*E: W!N 3/ua bur3e is uil-y o1 es-a1a =ELD: N!
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz RA$#!: !%G 3on-ends: Pe-i-ioner 6as -/e 3as/ 3us-odian 6/o 6as dire3-ly responsible and a33oun-able 1or -/e 3as/ in 7aul-. nd: -/e o-/er persons 6/o /ad a33ess -o -/e 7aul- ne7er used -/e dupli3a-e keys -o open -/e sa1e-y deposi- bo>es and -/e 3as/ sa1e. #n 1a3- -/e dupli3a-es 6ere s-ill in -/eir sealed en7elopes. ;rd al-era-ions and superi0posi-ion on -/e 3as/ in 7aul- su00ary s/ee- 6ere 0ade by pe-i-ioner -o 3o7er -/e s/or-ae. e-o na un dis3ussion sa es-a1a' 9s- ele0en- o1 es-a1a is absen-. M6/en -/e 0oney+ oods+ or any o-/er personal proper-y is re3ei7ed by -/e o8ender 1ro0 -/e o8ended par-y 9' in -rus- or ' on 3o00ission or ;' 1or ad0inis-ra-ion+ -/e o8ender a3@uires bo-/ 0a-erial and uridi3al possession o1 -/e -/in re3ei7ed. ,uridi3al possession 0eans a possession 6/i3/ i7es -/e -rans1eree a ri/- o7er -/e -/in 6/i3/ -/e -rans1eree 0ay se- up e7en aains- -/e o6ner. $/e possession o1 -/e /erein a33used is sa0e as a bank -eller 6/i3/ is 0a-erial possession+ /en3e -/e1- s/ould be -/e proper 3ri0e -o be i0pu-ed. W=ERE&!RE+ -/e pe-i-ion is /ereby ran-ed and pe-i-ioner is ACZ*#$$ED o1 -/e 3ri0e o1 es-a1a.
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz Murao vs people Doctrine: Feredico’s right to a commission does not make private complainant Federico a joint owner of the money , but merely establishes the relation of agent and principal. Facts: > Petitioner Pablito Murao is the sole owner of Lorna Murao Industrial ommercial !nterprises "LMI!#, a company engaged in the business of selling and refilling fire e$tinguishers while Petitioner %elio &uerta'uela is the (ranch Manager of LMI! in Puerto Princesa ity, Palawan.
> Petitioner Murao and pri)ate complainant hito Federico entered into a *ealership +greement for the mareting, distribution, and refilling of fire e$tinguishers within Puerto Princesa ity. -hey had certain conditions that were not followed, so the *ealership agreement did not push through.
>nonetheless, Federico was was still allowed to act as a sales agent for LMI! commission from the sales.
>-here was an issue as to how much was the commission in their agreement. Murao claimed it was /0 of the sales while Federico said it was 1/0.
>Federico’s first sale was with land ban. -he ne$t was with the ity go)ernment of Puerta Princesa for the refill of 2/2 fire e$tinguishers. -here were two purchase orders for this.
>+s payment for the first order, petitioner &uertale'a claimed the payment chec and deposited it under the account of LMI! with PI (an.
>Federico went to &uertale'a at the LMI! branch office claiming his 1/0 commission. &uertale'a refused because of the disagreement as to the amount that should be paid.
>+ggrie)ed, Federico filed a case against Murao and &uertale'a.
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz 3- and +: Murao and &uetale'a are guilty of estafa for satisfying the re4uisites for +rticle 51 5"b# which states:
+3-. 51. Swindling (estafa). 6 +ny person who shall defraud another by any of the means mentioned hereinbelow . . . 5. 7ith unfaithfulness or abuse of confidence, namely: "a# 8 "b# (y misappropriating or con)erting, to the pre9udice of another, money, goods, or any other personal property recei)ed by the offender in trust or on commission, or for administration, or under any other obligation in)ol)ing the duty to mae deli)ery of or to return the same, e)en though such obligation be totally or partially guaranteed by a bond or by denying ha)ing recei)ed such money, goods, or other property . . .
Issue: whether the re4uisites for estafa are present
Held: %;. there were 2 elements lacing , namely, that the personal property was recei)ed in trust and that there was misappropriation.
Ratio: >-here is an absence of two essential elements of the crime of estafa by misappropriation or con)ersion under +rticle 51"5#"b# of the 3e)ised Penal ode, namely: "5# -hat money, goods or other personal property be recei)ed by the offender in trust, or on commission, or for administration, or under any other obligation in)ol)ing the duty to mae deli)ery of, or to return, the same and "2# -hat there be a misappropriation or con)ersion of such money or property by the offender. 3- and the ourt of +ppeals erred in belie)ing that Federico, due to his right to commission, already owned 1/0 of the amount paid by the ity
-he element =that money recei)ed by the offender in trust, or on commission, or for administration, or under any other obligation in)ol)ing the duty to mae deli)ery is
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz lacing.Feredico’s right to a commission does not make private complainant Federico a joint owner of the money , but merely establishes the relation of agent and principal. It is une4ui)ocal that an agency e$isted between LMI! and pri)ate complainant Federico. In fact, he was authori'ed to act as a sales agent. &e can only negotiate for or in behal of LMI! for the refill and deli)ery of fire e$tinguishers.
>-his is e)ident from the fact that when negotiations where a success,Federico prepared the docmentations. +lso, purchase orders and receipt where in the name of LMI!. It was LMI! who did the refilling of the e$tinguishers.
> +ll profits gained by an agent in the e$ecution of his agency should belong to the principal.-his is why the chec was to the order of LMI!. 7hen &uertale'a deposited the chec, he was merely collecting what rightfully belonged to LMI!. Pri)ate complainant Federico may claim commission based on his right to 9ust compensation,but not as the automatic owner of the 1/0 portion of the said payment. >3-’s 9ustification that petitioner still had obligation in)ol)ing the duty to mae deli)ery of his commission is erroneous. -he phrase ?or any other obligation in)ol)ing the duty to mae deli)ery of, or to return the same? refers to contracts of bailment, such as, contract of lease of personal property, contract of deposit, and commodatum, wherein 9uridical possession of the thing was transferred and wherein the latter is obligated to return the same thing. &ere, there was no 9uridical possession transfered
>the element =-hat there be a misappropriation or con)ersion of such money or property by the offender is also lacing. on)ersion or misappropriation is the disposing of peoperty of another w@o right. &ere, petitioners had the right because they own the money. Disposition: *ecision re)ersed and petitioners ac4uitted.
United States vs Kiene Facts: Aiene,defendant, is an insurance agent of hina Mutual Life Insurance o.,his employer.
-here was paid to him for the acct. of his employer 5.1 pesos which eh failed to return
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz
3- con)icted him of estafa
Aiene’s contention: 5
2
-here was a failure of the prosecution to establish the e$istence of a duty or obligation imposed on the defendant to turn o)er his principal the funds which he is charged with appropriating to his own use "element of estafa#. -rial court erroneuously admittted a document purported to be a contract of agency signed by defendant
Issue: w@n there is an obligation of the defendant to deli)er the funds in 4uestion to his employers
Held: Bes. +rticle 5C2/
Ratio: -he obligation of the defendant to deli)er the funds in 4uestion to his employers is determined by the pro)ision of article 5C2/ of the i)il ode, which is as follows: !)ery agent is bound to gi)e an account of his transactions and to pay to the principal all that he may ha)e recei)ed by )irtue of the agency, e)en though what has been recei)ed is not owed to the principal. -he e$istence of the agency and the collection of the funds on account of the principal ha)ing been established, the obligation to deli)er these funds to the principal must be held to ha)e been imposed upon the agent by )irtue of the contract of agency. Dtra facts"baa tanungin#: there was a letter written by defendant wherein he admitted the collection of certain funds on account of his principal
In Re H.V. Bamberger
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz Doctrine: -he findings 4uoted are amply supported by the e)idence.+ttorneys are bound to promptly account to their clients for money or property recei)ed by them as such, and the fact that an attorney has a lien for fees on money in his hands does not relie)e him from liability. "E . ., Facts: -his is a decision of the Gupreme ourt anent the disbarment pf &.H. (amberger instituted by his client and plaintiff in the case of G.M. (erger )s *e La)era. It was pro)ed that 5
(amberger too possession of personal property both unattached and attached by the sheriff
2
&e disposed of tin cans of anned peas and one case of etchup by selling them.
&e collected from the debtors of defendant therein
&e was ordered to render an immediate accounting with he didn’t w@o reasonable cause
1
&e has not rendered an accounting nor was willing to send the mone collected at any time
Issue: whether or not he should be suspended &eld:Bes. For E months 3atio: -he findings 4uoted are amply supported by the e)idence.+ttorneys are bound to promptly account to their clients for money or property recei)ed by them as such, and the fact that an attorney has a lien for fees on money in his hands does not relie)e him from liability. "E . ., EJ.# %otwithstanding repeated demands on the part of his client, the defendant has for se)eral years failed to render an accounting of the money recei)ed by him on behalf of his client and the e$cuses offered for his failure to do so are so inade4uate as to merit no consideration. -he respondent is clearly guilty of professional misconduct in falling to account to G. M. (erger K o. for money recei)ed by him as attorney for the latter. *isposition: suspended from practicing law for E mo.
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz
Serona vs ourt o! appeals Doctrine -he law on agency in our 9urisdiction allows the appointment by an agent of a substitute or sub agent in the absence of an e$press agreement to the contrary between the agent and the principa Facts: uilitan,complainant, deli)ered pieces of 9ewelry to Gerona,petitioner, to be sold on commission basis. It was agreed that within / days she will gi)e the payment and any unsold 9ewelry. Npon petitioners failure to pay, both parties e$ecuted an acnowledgement receipt of the 9ewelries. Nnnown to uilatan,before the signing of the acnowledgement receipt, petitioner had entrusted the 9ewelries to Labrador,sub agent, also to be sold on commission basis. Petitioner wasn’t able to collect payment from Labrador.Labrador said that she ga)e the 9ewelry to a prospecti)e buyer who absconded without paying. (ecause of this, petitioner failed to remit the payment nor the unsold 9ewelry to uilatan. uilatan file a case of estafa against petitioner. 3- and +: there was estafa Issue: w@n the elements of estafa thru misappropriation or con)ersion Oarticle 51 par 5"b# are present. Held no. the element of misappropriation or con)ersion is lacing. Ratio: Petitioner didn’t ipso facto commit the crime of estafa bydeli)ering the 9ewelry to the sub agent for sale on a commission basis.-he law on agency in our 9urisdiction allows the appointment by an agent of a substitute or subagent in the absence of an e$press agreement to the contrary between the agent and the principal.In the case at bar, the appointment of Labrador as petitioner’s subagent was not e$pressly prohibited by uilatan, as the acnowledgment receipt, !$hibit (, does not contain any such limitation.-hus, it cannot be said that petitioner’s act of
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz entrusting the 9ewelry to Labrador is characteri'ed by abuse of confidence because such an act was legally sanctioned. -he essence of estafa under +rticle 51, par. 5"b# is the appropriation or con)ersion of money. -he words con)ert or misappropriate connote a de)oting to a purpose or use different from that agreed upon. It is an attempt to dispose of the property of another without right. 25 there is no con)ersion since the pieces of 9ewelry were not de)oted to a purpose or use different from that agreed upon.it was established that the inability of petitioner as agent to comply with her duty isthe failure of Labrador to abide by her agreement with petitioner. the pieces of 9ewelry were gi)en by petitioner to Labrador to achie)e the )ery same end for which they were deli)ered to her in the first place. -here was no de)iation from the purpose It cannot be said that petitioner misappropriated the 9ewelry or deli)ered them to Labrador ?without right.? %o limitation was imposed on how petitioner was to effect the sale, it is also consistent with usual practice for the seller to necessarily part with the )aluables in order to find a buyer and allow inspection of the items for sale.
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz 2 1 . ) CORAZONL.ESCUETA,as si st edbyhe rhusba ndEDGARESCUETA,I GNACI O E.RUBI O,THEHEI RSOFLUZR.BALOLOY, namel y ,ALEJANDRI NO R.BALOLOYandBAYANIR.BALOLOY,Pet i t i oner s, v s . RUFI NALI M,Respondent . t i c l e .1 89 2p r o v i de st hatt h eag entma yappo i ntas ubs t i t ut ei ft hepr i n ci pa lha sno tp r oh i b i t e dh i mf r o m doi n gs o, Doc t r i ne :Ar a l t h ou ghsu chag en ts ha l l b er e sp on si b l ef o rt h ea ct soft h es ub st i t u t ewh enhewa sn otg i v ent h ep owe rt oa pp oi n to ne . ponde ntRu finaLi mfi l edanac t i o nt or e mo v ec l o udo n,o rq ui e tt i t l et o,r e al p r o pe r t y ,wi t hp r e l i mi n ar yi nj u nc t i onand F a c t s :Res i s s ua nc eo f[ aho l d d ep ar t u r eo r d e r ] f r o mt h ePh i l i p pi n esag ai n stI g na c i oRu bi o .Re sp on de nta me nd edhe rc o mp l a i n tt oi n cl u de s p ec i fi cpe r f o r ma nc ea ndd ama ge s .Sh ea l l e ge dt h ats h eb ou gh tt h eh er e di t a r ys h ar e sc o ns i s t i n go f1 0l o t sofRu bi oa ndt h eh ei r sof L uzBa l o l o yan dt h atac on t r a cto fs al ewa se x ec ut e di nhe rf a v ou r .Al l e ge dl y , s ai dv en do r sr e ce i v e dado wn pa y me nto re a r n es t mo ne yo fP1 02 , 1 69 . 8 6a ndP4 50 , 0 00 .Al s o,i twa sa gr e edi nt h ec on t r a cto fs al et h att h ev e nd or swo ul ds ec ur ec er t i fi c at e so ft i t l e c ov er i ngt he i rr es pec t i v eher ed i t ar ys ha r e s;t ha tt hebal a nc eoft hepur c has epr i c ewoul dbepai dt oeac hhe i ruponpr e sen t a t i onof t h ei ri nd i v i du al c er t i fi c at esoft i t l e;andt hatRubi oandt hehe i r sofBal o l o yr e f us edt or e ce i v et heo t h erh al foft h ed ownpa yme ntand r ef us et odel i v ert ot h er es pondent st hec er t i fi cat esoft i t l ec ov er i nghi sshar eont h et wol ot s . Ast op et i t i o ne rCo r a z onEs c ue t a ,i nsp i t eo fh e rk n owl e dg et h att h ed i s pu t e dl o t sha v ea l r e ad yb ee ns ol dbyI g na ci oRu bi ot o r e sp onde nt ,i ti sal l e ge dt ha tas i mul at eddeedofs al ei n vo l v i ngs ai dl o t swa se ffe ct edb yI g na ci oRu bi oi nherf a vo ra ndt hatt he s i mu l a t e dd ee do fs al ebyRub i ot oEs c ue t aha sr a i s eddo ub t san dc l o ud sov e rr e sp on de nt ’ st i t l e . I nt h e i rs epar a t ea me ndedan swer s ,pe t i t i o ner sden i edt hemat er i a lal l eg at i o nsoft h ec ompl a i n ta nda l l e gedi nt eral i at hef o l l o wi ng : Th eh ei r so fBa l o l o ys ai dt h atr e s po nd en th asn oc au seofa ct i o n,b ec au set h es ub j e ctc on t r a cto fs al eha snomo r ef o r c ean de ffe ct a sf arast heBal o l o ysar eco nc er ne d,s i n cet he yha vewi t hd r a wnt h ei ro ffe rt ose l l f o rt her e as ont ha tr es pond en tf a i l edt opa yt h e b al a nc eo ft h ep ur c h as ep r i c easor a l l ypr o mi s e do no rb e f o r eMa y1,1 99 0. Asf o rRu bi oa ndEs c u et a ,t h eys ai dt h atr e s po nd en th asnoc a us eo fa c t i o nb ec a us eRu bi oh asno te nt e r e di n t oac o nt r a c to fs a l e wi t hhe r ; t hatheha sa pp oi nt edhi sdau gh t erPat r i c i aLl a mast obeh i sat t o r n ey i n f a cta ndno ti nf a v oro fVi r g i a ni aLa ygo -L i m wh o wa st h eo newhor e pr e se nt e dh i mi nt h es al eoft h ed i s pu t e dl o t si nf a v oro fr e sp on de nt ;t h att h eP1 00 , 00 0r e s po nd en tc l a i me dh e r e ce i v e da sd ownpa y me ntf o rt h el o t si sasi mp l et r a ns ac t i o nb ywa yofal o anwi t hLi m. Thet r i a lc our tr ul edi nf a v ouro fLi m,an ds odi dt heCA.No w,pe t i t i on er sar eal l e gi n gt ha tt h eCAe r r ed ,c on si der i n gt h att h eCAdi d notc ons i dert hec i r c ums t anc essur r oundi ngpet i t i oner s ’f ai l ur et oappearatt hepr et r i al andt ofi l et hepet i t i onf orr el i efont i me.Ast o t h ef a i l u r et oap pea ra tt h epr e t r i a l ,t h er ewasf r aud ,a c ci d enta nd/ o re x cus abl eneg l e ct ,be cau sepe t i t i o ne rBa y an iwa si nt h eUn i t ed St at es .Th er ewasnos er v i c eoft heno t i c eo fp r et r i a loro r d er .Fu r t h er mor e,p et i t i o nerAl e j and r i nowasno tc l o t h edwi t hap owero f at t o r n eyt oappe aro nbeha l fofBa y ani att h ep r e t r i a lc onf e r e nc e. Se con d,pe t i t i one r sal l eget ha tt h es al eb yVi r gi n i at or e spon de nti sno tb i ndi n gVi r g i ni awa sno ta ut hor i z edt ot r an sac tbu si ne ssi n h i sbeha l fpe r t a i ni n gt ot h epr op er t y .TheSpe ci al Po we ro fAt t o r n eywasc ons t i t ut edi nf a vo ro fLl a ma s,an dt h el a t t e rwasno t e mp owe r e dt ode si g na t eas ub st i t u t eat t o r n e y i n f a ct .L l a ma sev e nd i s own edhe rs i g na t u r ea pp ea r i n go nt h e" J oi n tSp ec i a lPo we ro f At t or ne y , "whi c hc ons t i t ut edVi r gi ni aashert r ueandl a wf ul at t or ne yi nf ac ti ns el l i ngRubi o ’ spr oper t i es . I s sue/ s :W/ Nt h ec on t r a cto fs a l eb et we enp et i t i o ne ra ndr e sp on de nti sv al i d . He l d:YES,v al i d .
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz 1.Nof r au d,a cc i den t ,mi s t ak e,o re x cus abl eneg l i g enc ee xi s t si nor de rt ha tt hepe t i t i o nf o rr el i efma yb egr a nt ed.Ar t i c l e.18 92 pr o vi d est hatt heag en tma yappo i ntasu bs t i t ut ei ft hepr i n ci pa lha sn otp r o hi bi t edhi mf r om doi ngso,a l t ho ughsu chag ents ha l l b e r e sp on si b l ef o rt h ea ct soft h es ub st i t u t ewh enhewa sn otg i v e nt h ep owe rt oa pp oi n to ne . 2.App l y i n gt heab ov equo t e dp r o v i s i o nt ot hespe ci a lpo wero fat t o r n eyex ec ut edbyI gna ci oRub i oi nf a v orofhi sdau ght erPat r i c i a Ll amas ,i ti scl eart hats hei snotpr ohi bi t edf r om appoi nt i ngas ubs t i t ut e.Byaut hor i z i ngVi r gi ni aLi mt os el l t hes ubj ec tpr oper t i es , Pat r i c i amer el yac t edwi t hi nt hel i mi t soft heaut hor i t ygi v enb yherf at her ,buts hewi l l ha vet obe" r es pons i bl ef ort heac t soft hes ubag en t , "a mongwhi c hi spr ec i s el yt hesal eoft hesub j e ctp r o per t i e si nf a vo ro fr e spon de nt . 3.Ev enas su mi n gt hatVi r g i n i aL i mh asnoau t h o r i t yt osel l t hesu bj e ctpr op er t i es ,t heco nt r a cts hee x ec ut edi nf a vo ro fr e spo nden ti s n otv o i d ,b u ts i mp l yun en f o r c e ab l e ,u n de rt h es ec on dp ar a gr a pho fAr t i c l e1 31 7oft h eCi v i l Co dewh i c hp r o v i d est h atac on t r a ct e nt e r e di n t oi nt h en ameofa no t he rb yo newh oh asnoau t h or i t yorl e ga lr e pr e se nt a t i o n,o rwh oh asac t e db ey o ndhi spo we r s ,s ha l l beune nf o r c eabl e ,u nl es si ti sr a t i fi ed ,e x pr e ss l yori mpl i edl y ,b yt hepe r s ononwho seb eha l fi thasbee ne x ec ut ed,be f o r ei ti s r e v ok edbyt heot he rc o nt r a ct i ngpar t y . Ap pl y i n gt h i st ot h ec as ea tb ar :Ru bi oi sno we s t o ppe ds i n ceheac c ep t e da nden ca sh edt h ec he ck .Su chac t sc on st i t u t er a t i fi c at i o n a ndpr o du c et h ee ffe c t so fa ne x pr e s sp owe ro fa ge nc y . Th es a meap pl i e st ot h eBa l o l o yhe i r s . 4.I nde ed,Vi r gi n i aLi m andr e s pond enth av eent er e di n t oac on t r ac tofs al e .No tonl yha st het i t l et ot hes ub j ec tpr op er t i e spas s edt o t hel at t erupondel i v er yoft het hi ngs ol d,butt her ei sal s onos t i pul at i oni nt hec ont r ac tt hats t at est heowner s hi pi st ober es er v e di n or" r e t a i nedbyt hevendorunt i lf ul l pa ymentoft hepr i c e. " Ot h erDo ct r i n es : 1.Asr e ga r d st hep r e t r i al :Theno t i c esofp r e t r i a lh adbee ns entt ob ot ht h eBal o l o ysandt h e i rf o r me rc ou ns el ofr ec or d.No th a vi n g r a i s edt h eg r o u ndo fl a ckofas pe ci a lp owe ro fa t t o r n e yi nt h ei rmo t i o n,t h eyar en owd ee me dt oh av ewa i v e di t .Fo rl a ckof r epr es ent at i onatt hepr et r i al ,Ba yaniBal ol o ywaspr oper l ydec l ar edi ndef aul t . 2.Al l t heel ement sofav al i dc ont r a cto fs al eunde rAr t i c l e1458oft heCi v i l Co dea r epr es ent ,s uc ha s:( 1 )c on sen tormee t i ngo ft he mi nd s;( 2 )d et er mi nat es ub j e ctmat t er ;and( 3)p r i c ec er t ai ni nmon eyori t seq ui v al en t .I gn ac i oRub i o,t heBa l ol o y s,andt he i rc o h ei r s s ol dt h ei rh er e di t a r ys ha r e sf o rap r i c ec er t a i nt owh i c hr e sp on de nta gr e edt ob uyan dp ayf o rt h es ub j e ctp r o p er t i e s.Th eo ffe ra nd t h ea cc ep t a nc ea r ec on cu r r e nt ,s i n cet h emi n dsoft h ec on t r a ct i n gp ar t i e sme eti nt h et e r msoft h ea gr e eme nt . I nf a c t ,e ar n es tmo ne yh asbe eng i v e nb yr e sp on de nta ndi ts ha l l b ec on si d er e da sp ar to ft h ep r i c ea nda sp r o ofo ft h ep er f e ct i o no f t hecont r ac t . Di s pos i t i v ePor t i on:WHEREF ORE,t h ep e t i t i o ni sDENI ED.Th eDe c i s i o nan dRe s o l u t i o noft h eCo u r t o fAp pe a l si nCAG. R.CV No .4 82 82 ,d at e d.Co ns eq ue nt l y , I g na ci oRu bi oc ou l dnol o ng ers el l t h es ub j e ctp r o pe r t i e st oCo r a z onEs c ue t a . Oc t o be r2 6 ,1 99 8a ndJ a nu ar y11 ,1 99 9,r e s pe c t i v e l y , a r eh er e byAFFI RMED.Co s t sag ai n s tp et i t i o ne r s .
Prepared by: Rikki Daniele Louis A. Dela Paz 22. ) QUI NTI NDEBORJA,j udi ci aladmi ni st r at oroft hei nt est at eest at eoft hedeceasedMar cel odeBorj a, pl ai nt i ffa ppel l ant , vs. ef en da nt appe l l a nt . FRANCI SCODEBORJA,d
Doc t r i ne :Wh ena na ge nta c t si nh i sc ap ac i t yasat t o r n e y i n f a cto ft h ep r i n ci p al ,a ndt h er eb ei n gn oe v i d en ces ho wi n gt h ath e c on ver t edt h emone yent r u st edt ohi mt ohi so wnus e,h ei sno tl i ab l ef ori n t e r e s tt he r e on. F a c t s :Qu ent i ndeBor j a,i nh i scap ac i t ya sj u di c i a lad mi n i s t r at o roft hees t at eoft hedec eas edMa r c el odeBo r j a,i n st i t ut edt hi s a ct i o no ft h eCo ur to fF i r s tI n st a nc eofRi z al ,t or e co v erf r o mt h eFr a nc i s c od eBo r j at hes um ofP6 1, 3 76 . 5 6wh i c h,a cc or d i n gt ot h e a me nd edco mp l a i n t ,t h es a i dde f e nd an to we dt h ea f o r e s ai dde c ea s ed ,f o rt h ec e r t a i ns umsofmo ne yl o an edt oan dc o l l e c t e db yhi m f r o mo t h erp er s on swi t ht heo bl i g at i o nt or e nde ra na cc ou nt i n gt h er e oft ot h es a i dd ec ea se d. Thet r i a lc our tr ea ch edt heco nc l us i onandhel dt h at ,f r o mh i sv ar i o usc aus esofac t i on ,t hepl a i nt i ffwa se nt i t l edt or e co v ert h es um o f P3 3, 2 18 . 8 6f r o mt h ed ef e nd ant ,a ndt h at ,b ywa yo fc o unt e r c l a i m,t h es ai dd ef e nd an ti nt u r nwa se nt i t l e dt oc ol l e ctt h es um o f P3 9, 6 83f r o mt h ep l a i n t i ff ,a ndr e nd er e dj u dg me nti nf a v oro ft h ed ef en da nti nt h es um o fP6, 4 64 . 1 4wi t hl e ga li n t e r e s tt h er e onf r o m t h eda t eoft h ec ount er c l a i m,wi t ht heco st s .Bo t hpa r t i esappea l edt h er ef r o m. I ssues: I sFr anc i s c od eBor j al i a bl ef ort hei nt e r e s toft hesumsofmon eyl an edandco l l ec t edbyhi mi nbeha l fofh i sf at he r ? Hel d: No .t h ed ef e nd an ta c t e di nh i sc ap ac i t yasat t o r n e y i n f a cto fh i sde ce as edf a t h er ,a ndt h er eb ei n gn oe v i d en ces h owi n gt h at heco nv er t e dt h emon eyen t r us t e dt ohi mt ohi so wnus e,hei sno tl i ab l ef ori n t er es tt he r e on,i nac co r d an cewi t ht h epr o vi s i onsof a r t i c l e1742o ft heOl dCi v i l Co de. Di s pos i t i v ePor t i on:Th ej u dg me nta pp ea l e df r o mb ei n g,i no uro pi n i o n,i na c c or d an c ewi t ht h el a wa nds u ffic i e nt l ys up po r t e db ya p r e po nd er a nc eo ft h ee v i d en cepr e se nt e dt h er e i n ,i ti she r e b ya ffir me d,wi t h ou ts pe ci a lp r o n ou nc eme nta st ot h ec os t soft h i s i n st a nc e.Soor d er e d.
