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GARCIA v. SANDIGANBAYAN G.R. 165835; June 22, 2005; Tinga, Tinga, J J . Digest by Reinerr Nuestr Facts: 1.
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!e"t. 27, 200# $ %tty. Maria &'i(ia )'ena R*as, Gra+t n(estigatin and -rseutin &++ier + t/e ie'd n(estigatin &++ie + t/e &budsan, filed a complaint against complaint against "etitiner Mar Genera' ar's . Garia, t/e De"uty /ie+ + !ta++ + r "tr''ers/i" + t/e %-, +r 8, in re'atin t Sec. 11 of RA 61!, 61!, (i'atin + A"t. 18! of t#e R$C, R$C, and (i'atin + Sec. 8, (i'atin + Sec. %& 'A('1() '!( and '&*( of t#e Civil Se"vice +a,. +a,. R$C, a4 ased ased n t/is t/is "' "'aint aint,, a ase ase +r +r (i'ati (i'atins ns + RA 1!-) A"t. 18! of t#e R$C, and Sec. 8 in "elation to Sec. 11 of RA 61! as +i'ed against t/e "etitiner. ,ife 'arita Garia4 and t/eir t#"ee sons an sons an ar', Juan -a', and Tit/y b4 is ,ife 'arita 1!- ins+ar as t/ey ated as Mar94 ere i"'eaded +r (i'atin + RA 1!- ins+ar ns"iratrs, nduits, duies and +rnts + "etitiner in reei(ing, auu'ating, using and dis"sing + /is i'':gtten ea't/. T/e Re"ub'i + t/e -/i'i""ines, t/rug/ t/e &++ie + t/e &budsan, +i'ed be+re t/e !andiganbayan, !andiganbayan, a $etition ,it# e"ified /"0ent 2 $a"te Application fo" t#e Iss3ance of a 4"it of $"elimina"5 Attac#ment against Attac#ment against t/e "etitiner, /is i+e and t/eir t/ree sns, see9ing t/e +r+eiture + un'a+u''y auired "r"erties under Sec. & of RA 1!-) as amended. Civil Case *1-!7 a4 t as as a'' a''eg eged ed t/a t/att a prima a prima facie ase facie ase e*ists against t/e "etitiner and t/e t/er res"ndents t/erein / /e'd su/ "r"erties +r, it/, r n be/a'+ +, Ma. Gen. Garia, sine during /is inubeny as a s'dier and "ub'i ++ier /e auired /uge aunts + ney and "r"erty ani+est'y ut + "r"rtin t /is sa'ary as a "ub'i ++ier and /is t/er 'a+u' 'a+u' ine, i+ any. %ting n t/e Re"ub'i
;AIN ISS/ F +SS +SS ?/et/er t/e "etitiner as gui'ty + +ru:s/""ing. >eld: YS Ratio: T/e "resent Petition "resent Petition as a"anied by t/e reuisite @eri+iatin @eri+iatin and erti+iatin %gainst %gainst ru !/""ing. >o,eve", >o,eve", t/e "etitiner +ai'ed t in+r t/e ! t/at /e /ad +i'ed a Motion to Dismiss in Dismiss in re'atin t t/e "etitin +r +r+eiture be+re t/e !andiganbayan. !andiganbayan. T/e e*istene + su/ Motion as n'y brug/t t t/e attentin + t/e urt by t/e &budsan in its Comment . Dismiss re(ea's t/at t/e "etitiner substantia''y raised t/e sae % srutiny + t/e Motion t/e Motion to Dismiss re(ea's issues and "rayed +r t/e sae re'ie+s t/erein as it /as in t/e instant "etitin. n +at, t/e %rguents and Disussin in t/e Petition t/e Petition regarding t/e a''eged 'a9 + urisditin + t/e !andiganbayan !andiganbayan a""ears t be /''y 'i+ted +r t/e Motion to Dismiss. Dismiss. T/e n'y di++erene beteen t/e t is t/at in t/e Petition t/e Petition,, t/e "etitiner raised t/e o grund + +ai'ure + t/e "etitin +r +r+eiture t "'y it/ t/e "redura' 1!-, and "etitiner "rays +r t/e annu'ent + t/e reuireents + RA 1!-, !andiganbayan
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Ne(ert/e'ess, Ne(ert/e'ess, t/ese di++erenes di++erenes are n'y n'y su"er+iia'. t/ Petition and Motion and Motion to Dismiss /a(e Dismiss /a(e t/e sae intent + disissing t/e "etitin +r +r+eiture against t/e "etitiners, /is i+e and t/eir sns. t is undeniab'e t/at "etitiner /ad +ai'ed t +u'+i'' /is underta9ing. T/is is inntestab'y +ru: s/""ing /i/ is reasn enug/ t disiss t/e "etitin utrig/t, it/ut "reudie t t/e ta9ing + a""r"riate atin against t/e unse' and "arty nerned. T/e braAenness + t/is at +ru:s/""ing is e(en denstrated by t/e +at t/at bt/ Petition and MTD and MTD ere ere +i'ed n t/e sae day, N(. 17, 200#. Garia s/u'd /a(e aited +r t/e res'utin + /is MTD /is MTD be+re be+re resrting t t t/e "etitin "etitin at /and. T/e "etitiner
Iss3e ?&: ?/et/er ?&: ?/et/er t/e !andiganbayan /as urisditin (er t/e "etitin +r +r+eiture +i'ed against "etitinerB >eld: YS $etitione"@s A"03ments in t#is Petition: N<. T/e !andiganbayan is it/ut urisditin (er t/e Ci(i' atin +r +r+eiture + un'a+u''y 1!-. !u/ urisditin resides in t/e RTs as "r(ided under Sec. & auired "r"erties under RA 1!-. of t#e la,. la,. T/e !andiganbayan < No. 1 reated 1 reated t/e -GG +r t/e re(ery + i'':gtten ea't/ + Mars, /is +ai'y and rnies; < No. 1 aended $D 16*6 and 16*6 and RA 1!- by 1!- by trans+erring t t/e !andiganbayan urisditin (er (er i(i' atins atins +i'ed against Mars, /is +ai'y +ai'y and rnies rnies based n RA 1!-, 1!-, t/e Civil Code and Code and t/er 'as; < 1A /i/ 1A /i/ "r(ided t/at t/e i(i' atin under RA 1!- /i/ 1!- /i/ ay be +i'ed against Mars, et. ay "reed inde"endent'y + t/e riina' atin. 1!- des it "r(ide t/at t/e !andiganbayan o N/ere in t/e aendents t $D 16*6 and RA 1!- des /as been (ested urisditin (er se"arate i(i' atins t/er t/an t/se +i'ed against Mars, /is +ai'y and rnies. ene, t/e !andiganbayan /as n urisditin (er any se"arate i(i' atin against /i, e(en o 1!-. i+ su/ se"arate i(i' atin is +r re(ery + un'a+u''y auired "r"erty under RA 1!-. urt/er, t/e "etitin +r +r+eiture is +ata''y de+eti(e +r +ai'ure t "'y it/ t/e urisiditina' 1!-, nae'y> reuireents under Sec. & of RA 1!-, %n inuiry sii'ar t a "re'iinary in(estigatin in(estigatin nduted by t/e "rseutin ar + t/e o g(ernent; % erti+iatin erti+iatin t t/e !':Gen t/at t/ere s reasnab'e grund t be'ie(e t/at t/ere /as been o (i'atin + t/e said 'a and t/at res"ndent is gui'ty t/ere+; and o %n atin +i'e by t/e !':Gen n be/a'+ + t/e Re"ub'i. &n'y in+ratins +r "erury ere +i'ed and t/ere /as been n in+ +i'ed against /i +r (i'atin + RA 1!-. 1!-. nseuent'y, nseuent'y, it is i"ssib'e +r t/e &++ie + t/e &budsan t erti+y t/at t/ere is reasnab'e grund t be'ie(e t/at a (i'atin + t/e said 'a /ad been itted and t/at /e is gui'ty t/ere+. •
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Republic v. Sandiganbayan ru'ed t/at Ct/ere is n issue t/at urisditin (er (i'atins + RA Nos.
T/e !andiganbayan !andiganbayan is (ested it/ aut/rity and urisditin (er t/e "etitin +r +r+eiture under RA 1!- +i'ed 1!- +i'ed against "etitiner. Sec. .a '1( 'd( of $D 16*6 "r(ides 16*6 "r(ides in "art t/at t/e !andiganbayan !andiganbayan 1!-, /ere ne r re s/a'' e*erise rigina' urisditin in a'' ases in('(ing (i'atins + RA 1!-, + t/e aused are ++iia's + t/e e*euti(e bran/ u"ying t/e "sitins + regina' diretr r /ig/er, t/erise 'assi+ied as Grade 27, s"ei+ia''y in'uding> -/i'i""ine ary and air +re 'ne's, na(a' a"tains, and a'' ++iers + /ig/er ran9s. $D 16*6 en"asses 16*6 en"asses a'' ases in('(ing (i'atins + RA !*1-, !*1-, irres"eti(e + /et/er t/ese ases are i(i' r riina' in nature. t u'd a's nt be aurate t re+er t a "etitin +r + r+eiture as a Ci(i' ase, sine it /as been /e'd t/at "etitins +r +r+eiture are deeed riina' r "ena' and t/at it is n'y t/e "r eeding +r its "rseutin /i/ is i(i' in nature.
$etitione"@s Reply> RA 1!- is 1!- is a s"eia' 'a /i/ is "riari'y i(i' and reedia' in nature, t/e 'ear intent + /i/ is t se"arate t/e "ria +aie deterinatin in +r+eiture "reedings +r t/e 'itigatin + t/e i(i' atin. 1!- in $D 16*6) as amended, amended, i"'ies T/e use + t/e "/rase C(i'atins + RA Nos. !*1- and 1!- in urisditin (er (er ases /i/ /i/ are "rini"a''y "rini"a''y riina' r "ena' "ena' in nature as C(i'atin C(i'atin arries it/ it/ it t/e ne"t + i"sitin + "ena'ties. ene, t/e n'y urisditin t/at an su""sed'y be i"'ied is riina' urisditin, nt i(i', /ig/'ig/ting !andiganbayan
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are riina' in nature t t/e e*tent t/at /ere t/e "ersn using t/e res i''ega''y is t/e ner r rig/t+u' "ssessr + it, t/e +r+eiture "reeding is in t/e nature + a "unis/ent. T/e !andiganbayan is (ested it/ urisditin (er (i'atins + RA 1!-: An Act Decla"in0 Fo"feit3"e in Favo" of t#e State An5 $"ope"t5 Fo3nd to >ave Been /nla,f3ll5 Ac93i"ed 5 An5 $3lic
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SC@s Ratio: &rigina''y, &rigina''y, it as t/e !'iitr Genera' / as aut/riAed t initiate +r+eiture "r eedings be+re t/e t/en + t/e "r(ine r ity /ere t/e "ub'i ++ier r e"'yee resides r /'ds ++ie 1!-4. E"n t/e reatin + t/e !andiganbayan "ursuant t $D 186, 186, rigina' and Sec. & RA 1!-4. e*'usi(e urisditin urisditin (er su/ (i'atins as (ested in t/e said urt. $D 16*6 re(ed 16*6 re(ed its urisditin (er i(i' atins brug/t in nnetin it/ ries it/in t/e 1!-, t/e re(ery + e*'usi(e urisditin + said urt, in'uding + r+eiture "reedings under RA 1!-, instruents and e++ets + a rie, and i(i' atins under A"ts. !& and ! of t#e Civil Code. Code. ased n t/e + reging "reises, Republic v. Sandiganbayan, dedued t/at urisditin (er (i'atins + RA !*1- and 1!- is 1!- is 'dged it/ t/e !andiganbayan. !andiganbayan. t u'd nt /a(e ta9en int -% and RA 8&- sine 8&- sine bt/ statutes /i/ a's aended t/e urisditin + t/e nsideratin RA -% and !andiganbayan !andiganbayan ere nt yet enated at t/e tie. T/e subseuent enatents enatents n'y buttressed t/e n'usin t/at t/e !andiganbayan !andiganbayan indeed /as urisditin. 8&-, t/e !andiganbayan is (ested it/ e*'usi(e rigina' urisditin in a'' ases o Ender RA 8&-, in('(ing (i'atins + RA !*1-) RA 1!-) C#. &) Sec. &) =itle II) Boo II of t#e R$C) /ere ne r re + t/e aused are ++iia's + t/e e*euti(e bran/ u"ying t/e "sitins + regina' diretr r /ig/er, t/erise 'assi+ied as Grade 27, s"ei+ia''y in'uding> -/i'i""ine ary and air +re 'ne's, na(a' a"tains, and a'' ++iers + /ig/er ran9s. T/e i(i' nature + an atin +r +r+eiture as +irst regniAed in Republic v. Sandiganbayan> CT/e ru'e is sett'ed t/at +r+eiture "reedings are atins in rem, and t/ere+re, i(i' in nature. T/e "redure ut'ined ut'ined in t/e 'a 'a 'eading t +r+eiture +r+eiture is t/at "r(ide +r in a i(i' i(i' atin. e(er, t/e urt /ad asin t ru'e t/at +r+eiture + i''ega''y auired "r"erty "arta9es t/e nature + a "ena'ty. Cabal v. Kapunan, Jr.: r+eiture is di(estiture + "r"erty it/ut "ensatin, in nseuene + a de+au't r an o ++ense, i"sed by ay + "unis/ent nt by t/e ere n(entin + t/e "arties, but by t/e 'aa9ing "er, t insure a "resribed urse + ndut. t is a et/d deeed neessary t restrain t/e issin + an ++ense and t aid in t/e "re(entin + su/ an ++ense. T/e e++et is t trans+er tit'e t t/e s"ei+i t/ing +r t/e ner t t/e s(ereign "er. o iting Am 3": n+ratins +r t/e +r+eiture + gds t/at see9 n udgent + +ine r i"risnent against any "ersn are deeed t be i(i' "reedings in rem. rem. !u/ "reedings •
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Iss3e ?!: ?/et/er t/e &++ie + t/e &budsan /as aut/rity t in(estigate, +i'e and "rseute "etitins +r +r+eiture under RA 1!-. >eld: YS an inuiry sii'ar t a "re'iinary in(estigatin in(estigatin as nduted nduted by t/e t/e -rseutin -rseutin &++ier + t/e &++ie. &++ie. T/e "artii"atin + t/e &!G, 'aied by "etitiner t be neessary, neessary, is atua''y n 'nger reuired as t/e &++ie + t/e &budsan /as t/e aut/rity t in(estigate and "rseute t/e ase.
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Ender RA 1!-, 1!-, Sec. &, &, it as t/e !'Gen / as aut/riAed t initiate +r+eiture "reedings be+re t/e . . $D 186 as 'ater issued June 11, 1=784 (esting t/e !andiganbayan it/ 186 ga(e t/e /ie+ !"eia' urisditin (er (er RA 1!- +r+eiture "reedings. Sec. 1& of $D 186 ga(e -rseutr t/e aut/rity t +i'e and "rseute +r+eiture ases. 186 and RA 1!- re+ers 1!- re+ers t t/e urisditin (er t/e +r+eiture "reeding T/e n+'it beteen $D 186 and 186 s/u'd be deeed t /a(e re"ea'ed t/e and t/e aut/rity t +i'e t/e "etitin +r +r+eiture. $D 186 s/u'd 'atter. &n t/e sae day $D 186 as 186 as enated, $D 18 reating 18 reating t/e &++ie + t/e &budsan t/en 9nn as t/e Tandbayan4 Tandbayan4 as "assed. T/e Tandbayan initia''y /as n aut/rity t "rseute ases +a''ing it/in t/e urisditin + t/e !andiganbayan but $D 16*6 as enated n De. 10, 1=78, 186. &n t/e sae date, $D 16* as 16* as issued aending t/e "ers + t/e e*"ress'y re"ea'ing $D 186. Tandbayan Tandbayan t in(estigate adinistrati(e adinistrati(e "'aints and reated t/e &++ie + t/e /ie+ !"eia' -rseutr. $D 16* "r(ided 16* "r(ided t/e said &++ie it/ e*'usi(e aut/rity t ndut "re'iinary o in(estigatin + a'' ases gniAab'e by t/e !andiganbayan, +i'e in+ratins t/ere+r and ntr' t/e "rseutin + said ases. T/e "resent nstitutin as subseuent'y rati+ied and t/en t/e Tandbayan beae 9nn as t/e &++ie + t/e !"eia' -rseutr /i/ ntinued t e*erise its "ers e*e"t t/se n+erred n t/e &++ie + t/e &budsan reated under t/e nstitutin. T/e &++ie + t/e &budsan as ++iia''y reated under RA 6*. 6*, r''ary t Sec. 1!) A"t. I of %t "resent, t/e "ers + t/e &budsan, as de+ined by RA 6*, t#e Constit3tion, Constit3tion, in'ude t/e "er t in(estigate any at r issin + any "ub'i ++ier r e"'yee /en su/ at r issin a""ears t be unust, i''ega' i"r"er r ine++iient.
ene, it is t/e &budsan / s/u'd +i'e t/e "resent "etitin +r +r+eiture under RA 1!- but 1!- but its "ers t in(estigate in(estigate and initiate initiate t/e "r"er "r"er atin +r re(ery re(ery + i'':gtten i'':gtten ea't/ is restrited restrited n'y afte" ebruary 25, 1=86 Sec. 6*4. r+eiture t ases + une*"'ained ea't/ aassed afte" ebruary Sec. 11 of RA 6*4. "reedings n n r be+re ebruary ebruary 25, 1=86 is sti'' sti'' under t/e aut/rity aut/rity + t/e !' !' Gen. ene, t/e &++ie + t/e &budsan ated e'' it/in its aut/rity in nduting t/e in(estigatin in(estigatin + t/e "etitiner
?N -arader is gui'ty + +ru s/""ing $ F)!. -etitin +r ertirari disissed +r (i'ating ru'e against +ru s/""ing
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GR N. 158=17; Mar 1, 200#; Fnares:!antiag Fnares:!antiag
ru s/""ing ?/en in t/e 2 r re ases "ending, t/ere is identity + "arties, rig/ts r auses + atin and re'ie+ sug/t. t e*ists /ere a'' e'eents + 'itis "endentia are "resent r /en a +ina' udgent i'' aunt t res udiata
Digest "re"ared by Mara Mtin t Disiss under Ru'e 7.5
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eb 20 2001 $ @itr Jaraba +i'ed an eetent suit against )(e'yn T. -arader in t/e Munii"a' Tria' urt in ities + ''igan 'aied t/at -arader, it/ut nsent and by eans + strategy and stea't/, o u"ied and bui't a /use n 1#0 s.tr. 't at rgy. -a'a, ''igan Jaraba +i'ed a Mtin +r Judgent Ru'e 70.7 beause -arader +ai'ed t +i'e an anser May 20, 2002 $ MT deided in +a(r + Jaraba> 1. &rdered &rdered -arader -arader t t (aate (aate t/e 'and 'and and and restre restre /is "sses "ssessin sin 2. -ay -2,000 -2,000 nt/' nt/'yy renta' renta' +r use and and u"ati u"atin n +r date date + +i'ing +i'ing 3. -20, -20,00 0000 atty atty
Reuisites 1. dentity + "arties, r at 'east su/ "arties as t/se re"resenti re"resenting ng t/e sae interests interests in bt/ atins 2. dentity + rig/ts asserted and re'ie+s "rayed +r, t/e re'ie+s being +unded n t/e sae +ats
3. denti dentity ty it/ it/ res"e res"ett t t/e t "reed "reeding ing "artiu'ars in t/e t ases, is su/ t/at any udgent t/at ay ay be rendered in in t/e "ending ase, ase, regard'ess + /i/ "arty is suess+u', u'd aunt t res udiata in t/e t/er ase.
W/N the C erred in a!!irming the R"C deci#ion denying the motion to di#mi## N<.
=#e ;a"c# 1&) &**! ,"it of demolition and t#e ;a"c# 1-) &**! decision of t#e R=C ,e"e "eceived 5 petitione" on ;a"c# &&) &**!) ,#ile t#e act3al demolition occ3""ed on ;a5 &&) &**!. 4#en s#e filed a petition fo" "evie, ,it# t#e Co3"t of Appeals on 3ne 6) &**!) s#e 93estioned not onl5 t#e me"its of t#e ;a"c# 1-) &**! decision 3t also t#e o"de"s of t#e t"ial co3"t 0"antin0 t#e motion fo" e2ec3tion pendin0 appeal and t#e iss3ance of a ,"it of demolition. Clea"l5) a "3lin0 of t#e SC ,o3ld amo3nt to "es E3dicata on t#e identical iss3es pendin0 appeal.
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ven ass3min0 ce"tio"a"i is co""ect) it is still dismissile fo" violatin0 #ie"a"c#5 of c o3"ts. Sps. +im v CA G.R. No. 1-&61% an3a"5 !*) &*1! G"inoA93ino) .: Digest "re"ared by )+ren Resurrein
Facts: 1.
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an3a"5 &6) 1---, - +i'ed be+re t/e RT, agayan de &r a complaint fo" collection of mone5 ,it# p"a5e" fo" p"elimina"5 inE3nction against t/e s"uses Hi. a. T/e ve"ification and ce"tification a0ainst fo"3ms#oppin0 attac#ed to t#e complaint ,e"e si0ned 5 F"ancisco Ramos) t#en B$I Assistant ice$"esident and ;indanao Re0ion +endin0 >ead. %"ri' 22, 1===. !"uses 'i (ed t disiss -
Iss3esHRatio:
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% tin t disiss, being inter'utry, annt be t/e subet + an a""ea' unti' +ina' udgent r rder is rendered t/e ain ase. % 'se '9 at t/e !- subitted re(ea's t/at at t/e tie t/e "'ait as +i'ed n an3a"5 &6) 1---) Ramos did not #ave t#e e2p"ess a3t#o"it5 to file ad si0n t#e CNFS. T/e !- a""inting /i adr %tty De'egenia as attys:in:+at as e2ec3ted onl5 on 3l5 8) &**8. )(en t/e r". !eretary BBB
>eld: -etitin denied. enguet Manageent r". (. %, e""e' an9 as Trustee +r Metrban9, E-, R, ar )ast an9, and - under t/e Mrtgage Trust ndeture4, and t/e Register + Deeds !e"t. 18, 2003; Fnares:!antiag -re"ared by Tbie Reynes
?N ertirari is a "r"er reedy. $ N&, beause t/ere as n gra(e abuse + disretin n t/e "art + t/e !andiganbayan. ?it/ regard t t/e a''eged Crai'rading + "reedings /en t/e !andiganbayan a''ed e* "arte "resentatin + e(idene in s"ite + "etitiner
G.R. N. H:26768; 30 &tber 1=70; )n an !ubstantia''y ad"ted Gertrude
Doct"ine LJudgeent n t/e "'eadings, 17.3, as ited in Rega'ad ""307> Genera''y, +ai'ure t "'y it/ a urt rder, is grund +r disissa' + t/e ase under Ru'e 17.3. e(er, /ere t/e urt rder is nu'' and (id, as in t/is ase, /ere u"n t/e deta/ + %ntnia, t/e Tria' urt, rdered t/e "'ainti++ t aend /is "'aint, instead + substituting t/e /eirs + t/e %ntnia, su/ +ai'ure t "'y is nt a grund +r disissa' + t/e ase.
I. FAC=S 1. May 26, 1=51> Res"ndents !egund Gya'a, tget/er it/ /is n deeased i+e %ntnina, s'd t "etitiner G by a C Deed of $act o de Ret"o Sale a ertain "are' + agriu'tura' 'and +r 750"/". 2. %"ri' 12, 1=61 10 years a+ter t/e e*eutin + t/e Deed + -at de Retr4> @endee G +i'ed it/ t/e + !rsgn a "etitin +r ns'idatin + ners/i" + t/e 'and. e a''eges t/at sine t/e 1 year "erid a''ed +r t/e Gya'as t re"ur/ase /as e*"ired, t/e ners/i" + t/e 'and /ad bee ns'idated in /i. 3. May 26, 1=61> Gya'a +i'ed an ""sitin r anser t t/e "etitin. a4 e a''eged t/at /is i+e %ntnina /ad died in t/e year 1=5=. ( >e denied t#e $acto De Ret"o sale. >e said t#at on ;a5 &6) 1-%1) #e and #is ,ife otained f"om GoEo a cas# loan of %*p#p pa5ale in one 5ea" ,it#o3t inte"est. 4 e a''eged t/at n Ju'y 26, 1=51, D'res Gya'a, t/eir daug/ter, btained +r G an additina' 50"/" and ant/er 10"/"/ n %ugust 25, 1=51 d4 e a''eged t/at e(en i+ t/e deed states t/at it is a -at de Retr sa'e, t/e rea' intentin + t/e "arties as t e*eute a rtgage t seure t/e "ayent + t/e 810"/" 'an 750"/" Q 50"/" Q 10"/"4 "ayab'e it/in 1 year, it/ut interest e4 e a''eged t/at n May 26, 1=52, /e and /is i+e ent t t/e /use + "etitiner t tender t/eir "ayent but "etitiner G re+used t reei(e it and re+used t ane' t/e rtgage #. &ENT)RH%M & G&F%H%> a4 &rdering t/e "etitiner t reei(e t/e su + -810.00 tendered r de"sited by t/e res"ndents in +u'' sett'eent + t/eir debts t /i; b4 De'aring t/e duent ar9ed %nne* % + t/e "etitin t be rtgage and nt a "at de retr sa'e, and rdering t/e sae ane''ed and it/ n re +re and e++et; 4 &rdering t/e "etitiner t "ay t/e res"ndents t/e su + -1,800.00 "er annu beginning May 26, 1=51 unti' t/e +ina' terinatin + t/is ase as t/e reasnab'e netary (a'ue + t/e "rduts +r t/e said "r"erty, and +r t/is aunt, t/ere s/u'd be deduted /e(er, t/e rres"nding 'ega' interest annua''y n said 'ans; and d4 n ase, /e(er, + t/e rete "ssibi'ity t/at t/is urt s/u'd +ind t/e said instruent %nne* %4 t be a true "at de retr sa'e, and nt a ere rtgage, it is /ereby "rayed t/at t/e "etitiner be rdered t e*eute a deed + resa'e r re"ur/ase + said "r"erty in +a(r + t/e res"ndents in ardane it/ %rt. 1606 t/ird "aragra"/ + t/e i(i' de. 5. Deeber 1, 1=62> unse' +r res"ndent Gya'a +i'ed a ani+estatin in+ring t/e T t/at %ntnina died n Mar/ 27, 1=5= and t/at /er nearest 9in are /er 11 /i'dren 6. Deeber #, 1=62> T issued an rder reuiring t/e "etitiner t subit an aended "'aint substituting +r t/e deeased %ntnina /er suessrs in interest as "arty de+endants it/in t/e reg'aentary "erid 7. January 26, 1=63> Gya'a +i'ed a tin t disiss t/e "'aint r "etitin n t/e grund t/at ntit/standing t/e 'a"se + #3 days a+ter G reei(ed a "y + t/e De 1, 1=62 &rder, /e sti'' +ai'ed t subit t/e aended "'aint reuired + /i. G ""sed t/is tin by Gya'a. 8. ebruary 15, 1=63> T disissed t/e "'aint +r +ai'ure + G t +i'e t/e reuired aended "'aint. -resuab'y under 17.3, +ai'ure t "'y it/ any rder + t/e urt4
=.
Ju'y 10, 1=63> Gya'a +i'ed a tin t de'are G in de+au't n t/e grund + +ai'ure n /is "art t anser t/e unter'ai +i'ed it/in t/e reg'aentary "erid 10. Ju'y 11, 1=63> T granted Mtin by Gya'a. G as de'ared in de+au't +r +ai'ure t anser t/e unter'ai. Gya'a as as9ed t subit /is e(idene be+re t/e 'er9 + urt. 11. N(eber 15, 1=63> T rendered a +a(rab'e udgent n Gya'a
III. >+D 1. T/e urt ru'ed t/at G is nt in de+au't and t/e ase is reanded t t/e 'er urt +r +urt/er "reedings. I. RA=I< 1. It is no, settled t#at a plaintiff ,#o fails o" c#ooses not to ans,e" a comp3lso"5 co3nte"claim ma5 not e decla"ed in defa3lt) p"incipall5 eca3se t#e iss3es "aised in t#e co3nte"claim a"e deemed a3tomaticall5 Eoined 5 t#e alle0ations of t#e complaint. a4 %""e''ants unter'ai as a "u'sry ne in as u/ as it arises ut + r is neessari'y nneted it/ transatin r urrene t/at is t/e subet atter + t/e "'aint. b4 T/e "'aint a''eged t/at t/e rig/t + a""e''ee t re"ur/ase t/e "r"erty in uestin /ad a'ready e*"ired and as9ed +r an rder + ns'idatin; n t/e t/er /and, a""e''ants unter'ai as +r re+ratin + t/e deed 'aiing t/at it as n'y a rtgage. T/us t/e unter'ai as 'ear'y innsistent it/ and diret'y ntr(erted t/e /'e t/ery and basi a''egatins + t/e "'aint. 4 n nseuene, a""e''ants "'aint std as t/e anser t a""e''ees unter'ai; /ene, t/e inrretness + t/e tria' urts rder de'aring t/e a""e''ant in de+au't in regard t said unter'ai is e(ident. 2.
T itted an errr in disissing "etitiner G 4#en ce"tain of t#e pa"ties to a civil case dies and d3e notice is 0iven to t#e =C) t#e o"de" s#o3ld e fo" t#e appea"ance of t#e le0al "ep"esentatives of t#e deceased in acco"dance ,it# t#e p"oced3"e in R3le !.1 and N<= to amend t#e complaint N&T)> urt ites Ru'e 3.17 /i/ is sii'ar t urrent Ru'e 3.16 D)%T & -%RTF4 b)
arraeda ( arbara> Co3"t #eld t#at an o"de" to amend t#e complaint) efo"e t#e p"ope" s3stit3tion of pa"ties as di"ected 5 t#e afo"e93oted "3le #as een effected) is void and imposes 3pon t#e plaintiff no d3t5 to compl5 t#e"e,it# to t#e end t#at an o"de" dismissin0 t#e said complaint) fo" s3c# noncompliance) ,o3ld simila"l5 e void.
c)
erriera, et a'. (s. GnAa'es, et a'> urt a++ired a sii'ar n'usin n t/e deterinatin t/at t/e ntinuane + a "reedings during t/e "endeny + /i/ a "arty t/eret dies, it/ut su/ "arty /a(ing been (a'id'y substituted in ardane it/ t/e ru'es, aunts t a S'a9 + urisditinS.
d)
>NC: 4#ile it is t"3e t#at 3nde" Section ! of R3le 1) a complaint ma5 e dismissed fo" fail3"e to p"osec3te if t#e plaintiff fails to compl5 ,it# an o"de" of t#e co3"t) t#is is not applicale if t#e o"de" s3pposedl5 i0no"ed is a void one. nasu/ as t/ere as n b'igatin n t/e "art + t/e "'ainti++ t aend /is "'aint, any su/ i"sitin being (id, /is +ai'ure t "'y it/ su/ an rder did nt usti+y t/e disissa' + /is "'aint. Grunded as it as u"n a (id rder, t/e disissa' as itse'+ (id.
3.
%'s under Ru'e 17, !e 2, it is nt "r"er t disiss a "'aint /en a "u'sry unter'ai /as been "'eaded by de+endant. a) T/e rig/t + t/e "'ainti++ t (e +r t/e disissa' + an atin a+ter t/e de+endant /as +i'ed /is anser is ua'i+ied by t/e 'ause "r(iding t/at> S If a co3nte"claim #as een pleaded 5 a defendant p"io" to t#e se"vice 3pon #im of t#e plaintiffMs motion to dismiss) t#e action s#all not e dismissed a0ainst t#e defendantMs oEection 3nless t#e co3nte"claim can "emain pendin0 fo" independent adE3dication 5 t#e co3"t.S
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?it/ t/is 'iitatin, t/e "er + t/e urt t disiss t/e "'aint u"n tin + "'ainti++, /i/ is usua''y it/ut "reudie, is nt "ure'y disretinary. T/e "ur"se is t a(id u'ti"'iity + suits (er t/e sae atter /i/ u'd neessari'y entai' unneessary e*"ense and, /at is rse, "ssibi'ity + n+'it and innsisteny in t/e res'utin + t/e sae uestins.
b)
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c)
T/e sae nsideratins u'd btain, i+ t/e de+endant ere t/e ne t as9 +r disissa'. T/e best interests + ustie reuire t/at n+'iting 'ais regarding t/e sae atter s/u'd be deided in ne sing'e "reeding. Disissing t/e "'aint it/ut "reudie, as t/e tria' urt /as dne in t/is ase, a'beit u"n tin + t/e de+endant, i'' nt "re(ent t/e undesirab'e u'ti"'iatin + suits and re(enti'atin + t/e sae issues in t/e subseuent atin t/at ay be +i'ed by (irtue + t/e reser(atin ade in t/e dis"uted rder + disissa'. •
C"istina Reillo) +eono" $3so) Adeladia Rocamo"a) Sof"onio Fe"nando) f"en Fe"nando) osimo Fe"nando) ;a =e"esa $inon 'c#ild"en of i"0inia San ose and osimo Fe"nando) S".( v. Galico San ose '"ep"esented 5 atto"ne5sinfact) Annalisa R3i and Ro0elio San ose( icto"ia Redon0o) Catalina del Rosa"io and ;a"iet# Co"te G.R. N. 1663=3; June 18, 200=; -era'ta Digest -re"ared by ans edri . !ants . •
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ats Iuiteri !an Jse 4 and %ntnina )s"iritu !ant 4 ere t/e rigina' registered ners + a "are' + 'and in ). RdrigueA, Teresa, RiAa' n registered under t/e nae + Ma. Teresa -inn. T/e /i'dren + t/ese t are as + ''s> @irginia 4 o usband> si ernand, !r. /idren> ristina . Rei'', Henr . -us, %de'adia . Rara, !+rni !.J. ernand, )+re n !.J. ernand, si !.J. ernand, Jr. and Ma Teresa . -inn @irgi'i 4 o ?i+e> Ju'ita GnAa'es /i'dren> unentined e*e"t +r Maribet/ rteA Ga'ian o /i'dren> %nna'isa . RuiA and Rge'i !an Jse o @itria ata'ina o T/e /eirs + Iuiteri and %ntnina !an Jse +i'ed a C<;$+AIN= fo" ANN/+;N= of title) ANN/+;N= of deed of e2t"aE3dicial settlement) $AR=I=I
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t is a''eged t/at t/e 'etter e*euted a Deed + )*traudiia' !ett'eent ang eirs it/ ?ai(er + Rig/ts it/ut t/e 9n'edge and nsent + t/e t/er /eirs, a9ing it a""ear t/at t/ey ere t/e s'e /eirs + Iuiteri and %ntnina as e'' as adudiating ang t/ese'(es t/e subet "are' + 'and. Ender t/e Deed, t/e /eirs + @irginia ai(ed t/eir rig/ts in +a(r + Ma. Teresa -inn. %s a resu't, t/e 'atter as ab'e t "rure a ne tit'e t t/e 'and issued in /er nae de"ri(ing t/e t/er /eirs + Iuiteri and %ntnina + t/eir rig/ts and "artii"atin (er t/e 'and. T/e "'aint t/us as9ed t/at t/e Deed and a'' duents issued n t/e strengt/ t/ere+ "artiu'ar'y t/e ne tit'e in +a(r + -inn4 be annu''ed. t as a's a''eged in t/e "'aint t/at t/ere as resrt t t/e Hu"ng Taga"aaya"a but t/ey ere unab'e t sett'e aiab'y and ere issued a erti+iatin t t/at e++et. T/e /eirs + @irginia +i'ed an ANS4R ,it# C 1. denying t/at t/e Deed + )*traudiia' !ett'eent as +a'si+ied; 2. asserting t/at t/e sett'eent as ade in ardane it/ 'a; and 3. aditting t/at Iuiteri and %ntnina /ad +i(e /i'dren but a's a''eging t/at t/e subet 'and as nt t/eir n'y "r"erty and as9ing in a unter:"etitin +r -%RTT&N + t/e t/er 12 "are's + 'and in "'ainti++ $+ADINGS n t/e grunds t/at> 1. T/e denia's ade ere in t/e +r + negati(e "regnant 2. De+endants +ai'ed t state t/eir basis t say t/e Deed as nt +a'si+ied 3. De+endants +ai'ed t s"ei+ia''y deny t/e a''egatin t/at t/ey /ad isre"resented t/ese'(es as t/e s'e /eirs + Iuiteri and %ntnina #. Re+erenes t t/eir unter:"etitin +r "artitin ere e++eti(e'y adissins t/at t/ey ere nt t/e s'e /eirs. -'ainti++s a's +i'ed a R)-HF t t/e %N!?)R it/ &M-EH!&RF &ENT)RH%M it/ a ;<=I &n t/e basis + t/e a''egatins in t/e "'eadings, t/e de+endants /ad isre"resented o t/ese'(es as t/e s'e /eirs and t/eir unter:"etitin +r "artitin b'stered t/e 'ais + t/e de+endants t/at t/ey ere nt o %> T/e Deed /i/ is t/e basis + t/e issuane + tit'e is nu'' and (id beause + t/e isre"resentatin + t/e de+endants. urt/erre, t/e unter:"etitin as a "erissi(e unter'ai sine t/e subet atter + t/e rigina' "'aint as t/e nu''ity + t/e Deed + )*traudiia' !ett'eent n /i/ tit'e (er t/e 'and as issued. T/us, nn:"ayent + d9et +ees eans t/e urt did nt auire urisditin (er t/is 'ai.
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ssues:e'd
?&N t/e udgent n t/e "'eadings as "r"er> 'es( the plea$in!s faile$ to !enerate an issue &ecause of the a$missions effectively ma$e &y the $efen$ants in their Answer ten$in! to show that the plaintiffs are co)heirs to the estate of *uiterio an$ Antonina San Jose% •
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?/ere a tin +r udgent n t/e "'eadings is +i'ed t/e essentia' uestin is /et/er t/ere are issued generated in t/e "'eadings. n a "r"er ase +r udgent n t/e "'eadings, t/ere is n stensib'e issue at a'' beause + t/e +ai'ure + t/e de+endant t raise an issue /i/ urs /en t/ey +ai' t s"ei+ia''y deny t/e ateria' a(erents + t/e "'aint r adits t/eir trut/+u'ness by n+essing t/e sae r itting t dea' it/ t/e. T/ug/ denying t/at t/e Deed as +a'si+ied, t/e de+endants aditted t/at t/e "'ainti++s are a's /eirs + Iuiteri and %ntnina t/ug/ t/ey ere e*'uded. T/ere as n re genuine issue beteen t/e "arties. T/us, t/e RT did nt err in rendering udgent n t/e "'eadings. T/e Deed + )*traudiia' !ett'eent e*'uding se + t/e /ears is +raudu'ent and (iius. t is in(a'id +r e*'uding t/e t/er /eirs / are entit'ed t eua' s/ares + t/e "r"erty. T/us, t/e RT rret'y annu''ed t/e sae as e'' as t/e tit'e issued in t/e strengt/ + su/ Deed in +a(r + -inn. De+endant:"etitiners 'ai t/at /ad t/ere been a tria', t/ey u'd /a(e "resented e(idene t/at t/e subet 'and is t/e in/eritane + t/eir deeased t/er +r t/eir grand"arents. T/e urt +und t/at t/is deser(es sant nsideratin as n su/ a''egatin as raised in t/e "'eadings nr did t/e Deed + )*traudiia' !ett'eent 'ai t/at @irginia in/erited t/e 'and +r /er "arents rat/er it stated t/at t/ey ere t/e n'y /eirs. urt/er, t/ey did nt ""se t/e tin +r udgent n t/e "'eadings.
%s t/e RT de'ared t/e Deed + )*traudiia' !ett'eent nu'' and (id, t/e "r"erty re(erted t t/e estate + t/e deeased grand"arents. T/e rder + "artitin ang t/e "arties aditted t be /eirs in t/e "reedings is "r"er as "'ainti++:res"ndents< "rayer t t/e RT in'uded -%RTT&N.
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T/e a""'iab'e Ru'e is Ru'e 6=.1 g(erning C"'aint in atin +r "artitin + rea' estate and nt reuiring "ub'iatin.
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Petition D,N#,D% Decisions of the RTC an$ CA $eclarin! the title of Pinon null an$ voi$( $ismissin! the counter)petition for partition of the other 01 parcels of lan$ an$ $irectin! the partition of the parcel of lan$ su&+ect of this case A44#RM,D% -R):TR%H onat#an +andoil IntMl v. ;an03ndadat3 G.R. N. 155010; %ugust 16, 200#; -anganiban , J. Digest by Dnna !. Ta''ed FAC=S 1. Res"ndent !"uses !u/art and Miria !ang9i Mangudadatu +i'ed it/ t/e RT !u'tan uradarat a "'aint +r daages against -etitiner Jnat/an Handi' nternatina' ., n. CJH4. nitia''y, JH +i'ed a tin t disiss but it as denied s it +i'ed its %nser n N(. 23, 1===. 2. T/e "arties subitted t/eir res"eti(e -retria' rie+s. Tria' "reeded it/ut t/e "artii"atin + JH, /se absene during t/e "retria' n %ugust 8, 2000, /ad 'ed t/e RT t de'are it in de+au't. 3. Ju'y 3, 2001 $ JH reei(ed a y + t/e RT Deisin dated June 1=, 2001.
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T/e anser itse'+ negated t/e ateria' +at in issue. ?/at t/ey said in t/e tin +r udgent + de+au't is e*at'y /at t/e "'aint as "'eading
?&N t/e unter:"etitin as a &M-EH!&RF &ENT)RH%M and did nt t/ere+re reuire "ayent + d9et +ees> No( the su&+ect matter of the complaint &ein! the nullity of the ,-tra+u$icial Dee$ an$ that of the C.NT,RC/A#M &ein! the other 01 parcels of lan$( the claim in the latter neither arises from nor is necessarily connecte$ to the action on the former% •
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De+endant:"etitiners argue t/at t/e RT s/u'd /a(e si"'y issued a direti(e +r t/e t "ay t/e reuired +ees. T/e urt uted t/e % in saying t/at de+endants are e++eti(e'y b'aing t/e urt +r t/eir issin t "ay t/e +ees and t/ey annt "ass nt t/e urt t/e burden + "er+rane + a "siti(e duty i"sed u"n t/e by 'a. Ntab'y, t/e nn:"ayent + t/e d9et +ees as raised in t/e "reedings but t/ey neit/er "aid nr ade a ani+estatin t/at t/ey ere i''ing t d s. t is 'ear t/at t/ey ere neg'et+u' in "'ying it/ t/eir duties. De+endant:"etitiners a's argue t/at denia' + t/eir 'ai +r "artitin + t/e t/er 12 "are's + 'and i'' resu't in u'ti"'iity + suits. T/e urt denied t/is saying t/at beause t/e atin is ne +r annu'ent + deed and tit'e, t/e aut/rity + t/e urt is 'iited t t/e "r"erty desribed in t/e "'eading. T/ese t/er "r"erties are "r"er'y t/e subet + ant/er suit.
?&N t/e &RD)R + t/e RT direting t/e "artitin + t/e 'and ang t/e /eirs (i'ates t/e 'as + intestate suessin t/at b'd re'atin s/a'' +irst be estab'is/ed and t/ere s/u'd be "ub'iatin as reuired in Ru'es 7# and 76 n testate r intestate suessin> No( the applica&le rule is Rule 23%
f"a3d) accident) mistae o" e2c3sale ne0li0ence t/at u'd nt /a(e been guarded against by rdinary "rudene, and by reasn + /i/ t/e aggrie(ed "arty
2.
ne,l5 discove"ed evidence t/at, it/ reasnab'e di'igene, t/e aggrie(ed "arty u'd nt /a(e dis(ered and "rdued at t/e tria'; and t/at, i+ "resented, u'd "rbab'y a'ter t/e resu't
A deposition ma5 e taen ,it# leave of co3"t afte" E3"isdiction #as een otained ove" an5 defendant o" ove" p"ope"t5 t#at is t#e s3Eect of t#e action o") ,it#o3t s3c# leave) afte" an ans,e" #as een se"ved. De"sitin is /ie+'y a mode of discove"5, t/e "riary +untin + /i/ is to s3pplement t#e pleadin0s fo" t#e p3"pose of disclosin0 t#e "eal points of disp3te et,een t#e pa"ties and affo"din0 an ade93ate fact3al asis d3"in0 t#e p"epa"ation fo" t"ial. T/e 'iberty + a "arty t a(ai' itse'+ + t/is "redure, as an attribute + dis(ery, is Ce'':nig/ 3n"est"icted i+ t/e atters inuired int are t/erise re'e(ant and nt "ri(i'eged, and t/e inuiry is ade in gd +ait/ and it/in t/e bunds + t/e 'a. Hiitatins u'd arise, t/ug/, i+ t/e e*ainatin is nduted in bad +ait/; r in su/ a anner as t anny, ebarrass, r ""ress t/e "ersn / is t/e subet + t/e inuiry; r /en t/e inuiry tu/es u"n t/e irre'e(ant r enra/es u"n t/e regniAed dains + "ri(i'ege %d(antages> 1. t is + great assistane in asertaining t/e trut/ and in /e9ing and "re(enting "erury. 2. t is an e++eti(e eans + deteting and e*"sing +a'se, +raudu'ent, and s/a 'ais and de+enses. 3. t a9es a(ai'ab'e in a si"'e, n(enient, and +ten ine*"ensi(e ay +ats /i/ t/erise u'd nt /a(e been "r(ed, e*e"t it/ great di++iu'ty and seties nt at a''. #. t eduates t/e "arties in ad(ane + tria' as t t/e rea' (a'ue + t/eir 'ais and de+enses, t/ereby enuraging sett'eents ut + urt. 5. t e*"edites t/e dis"sa' + 'itigatin, sa(es t/e tie + t/e urts, and 'ears t/e d9et + any ases by sett'eents and disissa's /i/ t/erise u'd /a(e t be tried.
6. t sa+eguards against sur"rise at t/e tria', "re(ents de'ays, and narrs and si"'i+ies t/e issues t be tried, t/ereby e*"editing t/e tria'. 7. t +ai'itates bt/ t/e "re"aratin and t/e tria' + ases. •
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A. Facts
T/e Ru'es and uris"rudene, /e(er, d nt restrit a de"sitin t t/e s'e +untin + being a de + dis(ery be+re tria'. /nde" ce"tain conditions and fo" ce"tain limited p3"poses) it ma5 e taen even afte" t"ial #as commenced.
1.
?/en a de"sitin des nt n+r t t/e essentia' reuireents + 'a and ay reasnab'y ause ateria' inury t t/e ad(erse "arty, its ta9ing s/u'd nt be a''ed.
2.
Safe03a"ds T/e rig/t t bet t t/eir adissibi'ity is retained by t/e "arties, +r t/e sae reasns as t/se +r e*'uding e(idene i+ t/e itness ere "resent and /ad testi+ied in urt; and +r errrs and irregu'arities in t/e de"sitin. •
/se of Depositions De"sitins ay be used +r t/e tria' r +r t/e /earing + a tin r an inter'utry "reeding, under t/e irustanes s"ei+ied under Ru'e 23.# •
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3.
T/e "resent ase in('(ed a irustane t/at +e'' under Section 'c('&( + Ru'e 23 :: t/e itnesses + "etitiner in Metr Mani'a resided beynd 100 9i'eters +r !u'tan udarat, t/e "'ae + /earing. 5c6 The $eposition of a witness( whether or not a party( may &e use$ &y any party for any purpose if the court fin$s7 0% that the witness is $ea$8 or $.
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that the %itne## re#ide# at a di#tance more than one hundred &'(() *ilometer# !rom the place o! trial or hearing, or i# out o! the Philippine#, unle## it appear# that hi# ab#ence %a# procured by the party o!!ering the depo#ition
i.
-etitiner ++ered t/e de"sitins in su""rt + its Mtin t Iuas/ t/e ?rit + )*eutin4 and +r t/e "ur"se + "r(ing t/at t/e tria' urt
$etition Denied. $a"edes v. e"ano
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G.R. N. 16#375; &t. 12, 2006; Tinga, J. Digest "re"ared by -a' Taase 5The case isn9t too lon! &ut siksik kasi( so #9m sorry if this is a little lon!%6 2
Doct"ine: T/e absene + unse' +r de+endants at "re:tria' des not ipso facto aut/riAe t/e udge t de'are t/e de+endant as in de+au't and rder t/e "resentatin + e(idene e- parte.
Rd'+ -%D)R)!, Tit %H%G&, and %gri"in %F%F, !r. C%F%F et a'.4 ere 0"antees of a &mete" "i0#t of ,a5 in nsideratin + -6,0004, by (irtue + E3d0ment 5 comp"omise in 1==# /i/ t/ey btained against se NEN%NG%N in t/e RT + Maasin, !ut/ern Heyte. !e". 2=, 1===> NENG%NG%N and )rnest @)R%N& C@)R%N& et a'.4 +i'ed a complaint fo" specific pe"fo"mance and dama0es in t/e RT + Maasin, !ut/ern Heyte, a''eging t/at -%D)R)! et a'. loced t#e passa0e,a5 in (i'atin + t/eir "rise agreeent. a. Ln t/eir anser, %F%F et a'. denied (i'ating t/e agreeent, a''eging t/at 14 t/ey ere nt atua' residents + t/e barangay /ere t/e r ig/t + ay as estab'is/ed, and 24 NEN%NG%N /ad a'ready sol$ /is reaining 't t -%D)R)!2. b. Hater, %F%F et a'. +i'ed a tin t disiss +r 'a9 + ause + atin. T/is as denied by JEDG) et/any G. a"i'i. T/e % and t/e ! u'd a++ir t/is denia'. . -%D)R)! et a'. a's as9ed JEDG) t in/ibit, but t/e tin as a's denied. $"et"ial as set se(era' ties. LT/e dates infra are /en t/e "re:tria' as set. a. %"r. 2#, 2003> T/e "re:tria' as initia''y set, but @)R%N& et a'. &n t/e reset date, "re:tria' did nt /a""en nne + t/e "arties a""eared4. . N(. 11, 2003> BAYBAY et al.@s Co,eve") BAYBAY #imself ,as p"esent, a'ng it/ t/e t/er "etitiners. T/e RT as in+red t/at t/ere as a "r"sed sett'eent, but %F%F said /e u'd +irst in+r %F%F T/e /earing did "us/ t/rug/. @)R%N& et a'. and t/eir unse' as "resent. BAYBAY et al. et al. ,e"e all p"esent) e+cept fo" BAYBAY et al.@S C i. ?/i'e Ru'e 18.5 /e'd t/at it as +ai'ure + t/e $efen$ant Knt /is unse'Kt attend "re:tria' t/at u'd a'' "'ainti++ t "resent
There was soe confusion as to whether he was naed !Paderes" #according to the $% and &T$) or !Paredes" #according to the petition), but the $ourt adopted !Paderes."
e(idene e- parte, t/e % nted t/at %F%F u'd ne(er enter int a sett'eent it/ut /is unse'
C. >eld: F)!, it is gra(e abuse + disretin beause it /as n 'ega' basis. -etitin granted; % deisin and res'utin and t/e RT rder are set aside.
D. Ratio
L Preliminary o&servations7 T/e % /ad t/e disretin t disiss t/e "etitin +r certiorari +r t/e +ai'ure t atta/ se(era' duents under Ru'e #6.3, but t/e urt /as /e'd t/at dismissal of appeals p3"el5 on tec#nical 0"o3nds is f"o,ned 3pon) and t#e "3les of p"oced3"e o30#t not to e applied in a ve"5 "i0id) tec#nical sense. ut anyay, t/e %, in res'(ing t/e MR, deided t/e ase n t/e erits.
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Jonathan /an$oil v% Man!u$a$atu7 De+endant an$ unse' ere absent. unse' ++ered an e*"'anatin in see9ing a ne tria', but defendant did not E3stif5 #is asence. c. Miwa v% Me$ina7Hayer as sus"ended +r "ratie, but t/e urt a's t9 de+endant t tas9 +r failin! to appear ausing /er t be nn:suited4. d. SSS v% Chaves7 T/e asst. bran/ anager + !!! in agayan De &r entered /is a""earane as t/e !!! 'ayer and +i'ed t/e "re:tria' brie+. ut /e asnence) t#e Co3"t "3led:7 =#e asence of co3nsel fo" defendants at p"et"ial doesnot ip#o !acto a3t#o"ie t#e E3d0e to decla"e t#e defendant as in defa3lt and o"de" t#e p"esentation of evidence e+ parte. ?/at s/u'd guide udiia' atin is t/e "rini"'e t/at a party)liti!ant must &e !iven the fullest opportunity o esta&lish the merits of his c omplaint or $efense( rather than for him to lose life( li&erty or property on technicalities% 8. It ,o3ld e 3nfai" to penalie BAYBAY et al. fo" t#e lapses of t#ei" co3nsel.T/ere as a's no in$ication that counsel inten$e$ to perpetuate $elay. -. ?/i'e t/e JEDG) deser(es sy"at/y +r /er +rustratin t/at t/e ase as dragging n +r an undue 'engt/ + tie, t/ere are ot#e" "emedies availale. % s#o, ca3se o"de" to co3nsel ,o3ld #ave een t#e mo"e ca3tio3s and "easonale co3"se of action. A03lto et al. v =ecson GR No. 16!% &- Nov &**% Co"ona) Digest by -a'a @argas %T!>
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% E3d0ment of defa3lt is a ai(er + t/e de+endant a. Ru'e #6.3> ai'ure t a""end ateria' "rtins + t/e rerd in an rigina' "etitin be+re t/e % T/e ase is disissed . Ru'e 17.53> ai'ure + t/e "'ainti++ t a""ear n t/e date + "resentatin + /is/er e(idene in /ie+ T/e "'aint is disissed it/ut "reudie t t/e unter'ai c. R3le 18.%: Fail3"e of plaintiff o" defendant to appea" d3"in0 p"et"ial a4 + t/e "'ainti++ is absent, t/e urt is aut/riAed t disiss t/e "'aint, and b4 i+ t/e de+endant is absent, t allo, t#e plaintiff to p"esent evidence e+ parte. B3t an5 "3lin0 t#at 'a( disposes of an action or '( p"ecl3des a pa"t5 f"om p"esentin0 evidence m3st #ave a ba#i# in la% a "3lin0 ,it#o3t le0al asis is 0"ave a3se of disc"etion. Not#in0 in t#e R3les a3t#o"ies a JEDG) t a'' t/e "'ainti++ t "resent e(idene e- parte /en t/e counsel is absent. a. R3le 18. i"ses t/e d3t5 on t#e pa"ties and t#ei" co3nsels to attend p"et"ial. . B 3t R3 le 18.% onl5 penalies t#e !ailure to appear of t#e party) not t#e co3nsel. Ln t/e ++. disissa's r a''anes t "resent e- parte e(idene, t/e party as t/e absentee> a. .CP: v% Ma!payo7 unse' as "resent, but did not p"esent an5 S$A a3t#o"iin0 #im to "ep"esent complainant d3"in0 p"et"ial.
This should be 1(.'.
A30 &% 1--> Res"ndent ?i''ia Tesn +i'ed an action fo" dama0es against "etitiners R'and %gu't, Ma*ia %gu't, ei''e Tenria and Maribe' Ma''ari in t/e RT + IueAn ity.
*o, really, why bother citing all of these cases in extenso.
-etitiners +i'ed a tin +r rensideratin + t/e rder 'aiing t/at t#e5 ,e"e not notified of t#e p"e t"ial. Befo"e said motion co3ld e #ea"d #o,eve") R=C "ende"ed E3d0ment in f avo" of =ecson) o"de"in0 t#em to pa5 $1*)*** +r daages. -etitiners +i'ed tins t ite Tesn ?&N t/ere /as been a (i'atin + "etitiners< rig/t t due "ress : F)! ?&N RT itted G%D in denying "etitiners< tins $ F)! ?&N "etitiners< "ursued t/e "r"er reedy : F)! R%T&> -rir t t/e 1==7 Ru'es, t/e ru'e as t/at ntie + "re:tria' /ad t be ser(ed t t/e "arty a++eted se"arate'y +r /is unse', eit/er "ersna''y r t/rug/ /is unse'. ai'ure t d su/ u'd render t/e "reedings nu'' and (id. Ender t/e "resent ru'e, t/e "redure is si"'i+ied beause notice of p"et"ial is se"ved on t#e co3nsel) ,#o #as t#e d3t5 of notif5in0 t#e pa"t5 #e "ep"esents. t is n'y /en a "arty /as n unse' t/at ntie is ser(ed "ersna''y n /i. Nte t/at t/e ru'e ere'y si"'i+ies, nt dis"enses, t/e ntie + "re:tria'.
eause + RT -re:tria' brie+> ai'ure t +i'e a "re:tria' brie+ /as t/e sae e++et as +ai'ure t a""ear at "re:tria'. Condition p"ecedent fo" ot# #o,eve" is t#e se"vice of notice of p"et"ial. t is n'y a+ter being nti+ied + t/e "re:tria' t/at t/e tin duties t +i'e t/e "re:tria' brie+ and t a""ear at "re:tria' arise. %bsene su/ ntie, n "arty ay be +au'ted and ade t su++er ad(erse nseuenes + nn:+i'ing and nn:a""earane. T/e RT rder denying "etitiners< tin states t/at t/e reasn /y "etitiners are deeed t /a(e been nti+ied + t/e "re:tria' is t/at it as "etitiners< unse' /erse'+ / suggested t/e date. !ine s/e 9ne + t/e date and e(en suggested it, it as no lon0e" necessa"5 to send notice to #e". It ,as inc3ment o" p"3dent on t#e co3nsel@s pa"t to in93i"e ,#et#e" o" not a p"et"ial date ,as sc#ed3led as pe" #e" s300estion instead of p"es3min0 t#e date ,as not app"oved eca3se s#e "eceived no official notice f"om t#e Co3"t. T/e RT t/ere+re stated t/at it did nt ser(e a ntie + "re:tria'. R3lin0 t#at it is no lon0e" necessa"5 to notif5 petitione"s #as no le0al asis. ?/at s/e ade as a ere suggestin. Gi(en t/e andatry nature + t/e ntie, it as inubent u"n t/e RT t ser(e a ntie, regard'ess + /et/er it ad"ted t/e unse'
!ending a ntie + "re:tria' is andatry. T/e ntie ust state t/e date, tie and "'ae + "re:tria'. It is "art + a "arty
;,/D7 CA or$ers reverse$% Procee$in!s un$er the RTC set asi$e% RTC Makati is or$ere$ to $irect parties to appaear for pre)trial conference.
ai'ure + a "arty t a""ear at t/e "re:tria' /as ad(erse nseuenes>
Ramos v Sps Alvendia %8- $#il &&6)
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-'ainti++> /e ay be de'ared nn:suited and /is ase disissed De+endant> "'ainti++ ay be a''ed t "resent e(idene e* "arte and t/e urt i'' render udgent n t/e basis t/ere+.
?it/ due ntie + t/e "reedings, a "arty i'' /a(e t/e ""rtunity t n+rnt t/e ""sing "arty. T rder a "arty as nn:suited r a'' t/e "'ainti++ t "resent e(idene e* "arte des"ite t/e +ai'ure t ser(e t/e reuired ntie i'' e++eti(e'y be a denia' + a "arty
FAC=S •
T/e "are's + 'and ere subseuent'y trans+erred t t/e !"uses !e(erin, (ia a deed + dnatin, and subseuent TTs ere issued. &M-H%NT> Manig +i'ed a "'aint +r t/e ane''atin + t/e tit'es + t/e !"uses !e(erin, and ren(eyane + t/e "are's + 'and Manig atta/ed as %nne* ), a "/t"y + t/e re"rt + a 'inia' -sy/'gist o +r t/e Natina' enter +r Menta' ea't/, stating t/at /e as nt "etent enug/ t stand n /is n. T/e re"rt stated t/at /is urrent 'e(e' + inte''igene +a''s a'ng t/e Mderate Menta' Retardatin 'e(e' bei'e4, it/ a nueria' rating + 52, and it/ a enta' age + = $ 10 years 'd. e u'd nt "er+r "'e* tas9s /i/ reuire ana'ytia' and 'gia' r easning. Mre(er, /a(ing ' inte''igene, /e tends t be gu''ib'e and easy "rey t a''ureents + "'easure and satis+atin. %N!?)R ?T &M-EH!&RF &ENT)RH%M by !"uses %'(endia stated t/at t/ey auired t/e 'ts (ia a sa'e by t/e "etitiner it/ t/e nsent + /is i+e. %N!?)R by !"uses !e(erin stated t/at t/ey auired t/e 'ts by "ur/ase +r t/e !"uses %'(endia -R):TR%H> "'aint as disissed +r +ai'ure + t/e "etitiner unse' arri(ed 'ate 8>55a4 due t unusua' /ea(y tra++i a'ng t/e o a'aranasta' Rad o unse' did nt intend t arri(e 'ater t/an 8>30 a o %s t t/e "re:tria' brie+, it as "re"ared ear'y, but t/e 'iaisn ++ier tas9ed t +i'e it did nt re"rt +r r9. t as n t/e ne*t day t/at unse' +und ut t/at t/e brie+ /ad nt been +i'ed. E"n dis(ery, unse' in+red /is seretary t ai' t/e "re:tria' brie+ t t/e o t/er "arty T/e 'iaisn ++ier tried t +i'e t/e "re:tria' brie+ again, but as nt ab'e t rea/ t/e o urt in tie. o T/e nn:+i'ing + t/e "re:tria' brie+ as dis(ered 'ate in t/e day a'ready, beause t/ere as a "arty in t/e ++ie, e'ebrating t/e unse'
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Juris"rudene /as /e'd t/at /en a unse' arri(es 'ate +r a "re:tria' n+erene, t/e tria' urt s/u'd a'' t/e ase again, and t/at an adnitin t be re "r"t in a""earing be+re t/e urt s/u'd su++ie, instead + disissing t/e "'aint utrig/t. En'ess a "arty
$=I=I
I. Facts T/e !"uses Fu are t/e ntr''ing st9/'ders + Heyte Huber /i/ is a business enter"rise engaged in t/e sa'e + 'uber, bui'ding and e'etria' su""'ies and t/er nstrutin ateria's.
During /is 'i+etie, )ngr. ! Magn entered int a (erba' agreeent it/ Heyte Huber t/rug/ Rue Fu, /ereby t/e 'atter agreed t su""'y Magn it/ bui'ding ateria's /e ay need in /is nstrutin business.
T/e suess + Magns business ga(e birt/ t t/e asi'i G. Magn nstrutin and De(e'"ent )nter"rises, n. G Magn n4. &ing t t/is +ruit+u' re'atins/i", Rue Fu and Magn entered int a int (enture, t/e Great -ai+i nstrutin "any GR)-%4, it/ Fu as -resident and Magn as @ie -resident.
Case & T/e res"ndents (ed t disiss t/e ase n t/e grund t/at t/e 'ais ust be "ursued against t/e estate + t/e deeased Magn. T/e tin as denied, and e(entua''y t/e estate + Magn as dr""ed as "arty:de+endant.
During t/e tria', t/e res"ndents did nt "resent any itnesses but adopted t#e evidence t#e5 p"esented in Case 1. n bt/ ases, t/ey did nt a9e a +ra' ++er + e(idene.
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ran/ 6 /ad n urisditin t deide ase 1 "ending in ran/ 8 in t/e absene + a tin r rder + ns'idatin + t/e t ases.
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ran/ 6 /ad urisditin t render a deisin in ase 1 + ran/ 8 sine t/e irustane t/at t/e udge / "enned t/e deisin in bt/ ases did nt /ear t/e t/er ase in its entirety is nt a "e''ing reasn t ettisn /is +indings and n'usins. T/ere as a "re(ius agreeent + t/e "arties it/ r es"et t ran/ 6 ta9ing udiia' ntie + t/e e(idene "resented in ran/ 8.
T a(id u'ti"'iity + suits T guard against ""ressin and abuse T "re(ent de'ay T 'ear ngested d9ets T si"'i+y t/e r9 + t/e tria' urt T a(id t/e "ssibi'ity + n+'iting deisins being rendered by t/e urts in t r re ases /i/ u'd t/erise reuire a sing'e udgent.
%s t Judge raniss t se"arate deisins, t/ere is n bene+it deri(ed +r "ru'gating t se"arate deisins n t/e sae day in t/e t ases t/at /a(e a'ready been ns'idated int ne. %'t/ug/ t/e ! regniAes n i'' intent r attribute n de'iberate irregu'arity t t/e sae, su/ deeanr an n'y breed sus"iin and "rte distrust +r ur udiia' institutins. % udge s/u'd a(id e(ery situatin /ere t/e "r"riety + /is ndut u'd be "'aed in uestin. is ++iia' ats ust at a'' ties be ab(e re"ra/, and t/ey ust be nsistent it/ t/e "reedings ta9en in /is urt. )!-N&% ( ENT)D &@)R!)%! %N +rer'y 9nn as ?estnt an94 Gregri )s"inAa, in /is n "ersna' a"aity and as sur(i(ing s"use, and J %nne G. )s"inAa, /erein re"resented by t/eir attrney in +at en !angi' ( Enited &(erseas an9, +rer'y 9nn as ?estnt an94 G.R. N. 175380; 22 Mar 2010; rna, J% Digest by Dudday •
ns'idatin + ases, /en "r"er, resu'ts in t/e simplification of p"oceedin0s, /i/ sa(es tie, t/e resures + t/e "arties and t/e urts, and a "ssib'e ar abbre(iatin + tria'. t is a desirab'e end t be a/ie(ed, it/in t/e nte*t + t/e "resent state + a++airs /ere urt d9ets are +u'' and indi(idua' and state +inanes are 'iited. t ntributes t t/e si+t dis"ensatin + ustie, and is in ard it/ t/e ai + a++rding t/e "arties a ust, s"eedy, and ine*"ensi(e deterinatin + t/eir ases be+re t/e urts.
ns'idatin + atins is addressed t t/e sund disretin + t/e urt, and its atin in ns'idating i'' nt be disturbed in t/e absene + ani+est abuse + disretin.
Neit/er + t/e 'ayers + t/e "arties sug/t +r a ns'idatin + t/e t ases /i/ u'd /a(e been t/erise andatry. !ti'', t/e ! /e'd t/at t/e ns'idatin + t/e ases as ade it/ regu'arity. n t/e ase at bar, ns'idatin is "r"er nsidering t/at>
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T/e t ases ere +i'ed ust a +e nt/s a"art. T/ey in('(e si"'e ases + ''etin + sus + ney beteen identia' "arties and n t/er. T/e res"ndents 'ai, in bt/ ases, essentia''y t/e sae de+ense, /i/ is (er"ayent. T/ey (er t/e sae "erid + transating ntinuus business t/at s"ans +ur years. T/ey re'ate t si"'e issues + +at t/at are intiate'y re'ated t ea/ t/er. T/ey entai'ed t/e "resentatin + "ratia''y identia' e(idene and itnesses. n +at, a brad "art + t/e e(idene and testinies in ne ase as tta''y ad"ted o r re"rdued in t/e t/er by eit/er r bt/ "arties. %nd t/e tria' urt, being u'ti: sa'a urts, its ran/es 6 and 8 "ssessed urisditin t try eit/er r bt/ ases n t/eir n.
2# Mar 1==6> Res"ndent Enited &(erseas an9 +rer'y 9nn as ?estnt an94 granted ireati -/i'i""ines a redit 'ine +r /i/ -etitiners Gregri )s"inAa and t/e 'ate Ji Gadr )s"inAa !"s. )s"inAa4 e*euted a t/ird:"arty rtgage in +a(r + res"ndent an9 (er +ur "are's + 'and as seurity. Due t ireati T/e erti+iate + sa'e as registered it/ t/e Registry + Deeds a'an. 2# Ju' 1==8> % ne trans+er erti+iate + tit'e as issued in t/e nae + res"ndent an9. 10 Mar 2000> Res"ndent an9 +i'ed an e- parte tin +r rit + "ssessin /i/ as d9eted it/ t/e RT a'an r. 12# as a 'and registratin "reeding. -etitiners ""sed t/e "etitin and (ed +r t/e ns'idatin + t/e 'and registratin "reeding it/ t/e i(i' atin +r t/e nu''i+iatin + t/e e*traudiia' +re'sure and erti+iate + sa'e + t/e "r"erty /i/ t/e "etitiners +i'ed be+re RT a'an r. 120. RT a'an r. 12# granted t/e tin +r ns'idatin. E"n a "etitin +r ertirari and andaus by t/e res"ndent an9, t/e % re(ersed and set aside RT r. 12#
!!E) ?&N a ase +r t/e issuane + a rit + "ssessin ay be ns'idated it/ t/e "reedings +r t/e nu''i+iatin + e*tra:udiia' +re'sure LN& %RGEM)NT! -etitiners> T/e "etitin +r rit + "ssessin and t/e atin +r t/e nu''i+iatin + t/e e*tra:udiia' +re'sure is andatry beause bt/ "reedings in('(e t/e sae "arties and subet atter. Res"ndents> 1. ns'idatin is i"r"er beause t/ere are n n uestins + +at and 'a beteen t/e t ases. 2. %ny uestin regarding t/e (a'idity + t/e rtgage r +re'sure annt be a grund +r re+using t/e issuane + t/e rit + "ssessin and s/u'd, instead, be ta9en u" in t/e "reedings +r t/e nu''i+iatin + t/e +re'sure. ! R)!&HET&N %ND R%T& N&, t/e e- parte tin +r t/e issuane + t/e rit + "ssessin annt be ns'idated it/ a i(i' atin +r t/e nu''i+iatin + e*traudiia' +re'sure.
a.
T/e t "reedings are di++erent in nature. )*:-arte -etitin +r ssuane + a ?rit + -ssessin : nn:'itigus : udiia' "reeding +r t/e en+reent + ne
-etitin +r Nu''i+iatin %nnu'ent + re'sure -reedings ntests t/e "resued rig/t + ners/i" + t/e buyer in a +re'sure sa'e and "uts in issue su/ "resued rig/t + ners/i"
Santia!o v Merchants Rural :ank of Talavera( #nc% a. t is e*:"arte and suary in nature b. rug/t +r t/e bene+it + ne "arty n'y and it/ut ntie by t/e urt t any "ersn + ad(erse interest . Re'ie+ is granted it/ut gi(ing t/e "ersn against / t/e re'ie+ is sug/t an ""rtunity t be /eard Gen. Ru'e> -reedings +r t/e issuane + a rit + "ssessin are e*:"arte and nn:'itigus. e+re t/e e*"iratin + t/e rede"tin "erid, an rder +r a rit + "ssessin is as a atter + urse u"n t/e +i'ing + t/e tin and a""r(a' + bnd; a+ter t/e rede"tin "erid /ad 'a"sed, t/e bnd is n 'nger neessary and t/e rder +r a rit + "ssessin bees a atter + rig/t. !u/ rig/t stes +r t/e "resu"tin + abs'ute rig/t + ners/i" + t/e buyer in a +re'sure sa'e sine t/e "erid +r rede"tin /ad a'ready e*"ired. )*e"tin> Active Woo$ Pro$ucts( #nc% v CA /erein t/e urt a''ed t/e ns'idatin + t/e "reedings +r issuane + rit + "ssessin and t/e nu''i+iatin + t/e +re'sure "reedings. e(er, Active Woo$ is ina""'iab'e in t/e ase at bar beause in t/e +rer, t/e rit + "ssessin as +i'ed be+re t/e 'a"se + t/e rede"tin "erid and t/e tit'e /ad nt been ns'idated in t/e nae + t/e rtgagee; in t/e "resent ase, t/e "etitin +r rit + "ssessin as +i'ed a+ter t/e rede"tin "erid and t/e rtgagee /a(e a'ready auired t/e "resued abs'ute rig/t (er t/e "r"erty. b.
T a'' t/e ns'idatin u'd render nugatry t/e "resued rig/t + ners/i", as e'' as t/e rig/t + "ssessin, + a buyer in a +re'sure sa'e, rig/ts /i/ are i"'eented t/rug/ an e*:"arte tin +r a rit + "ssessin. Mre(er, nt n'y i'' t/e (ery "ur"se + ns'idatin t a(id unneessary de'ay4 be de+eated but t/e "redura' atter + ns'idatin i'' a's ad(erse'y a++et t/e substanti(e rig/t + "ssessin as an inident + ners/i".
Petition denied.
G.R. N. 85576 June 8, 1==0 &HD%F NN -H!.4, N. (s. T) !%NDG%N%F%N 1st Di(isin4, R)-EH & T) -H--N)!, re"resented by -GG, R&)RT& !. )N)DT& and N)? R@)R% &T)H D)@)H&-M)NT &., N., FAC=S an3a"5 1) 1-6 >olida5 Inn) Inc. '>II( ente"ed into a mana0ement cont"act ,it# Ne, Rivie"a >otel and Development Co.) Inc. 'NR>DC( it/ a "i0#t of fi"st "ef3sal +r t/e "ur/ase + t/e "reises r t/e business by . NRD and assigned all t#ei" "i0#ts to >olida5 Inn '$#ils.() Inc. '>I$(.
Ap"il &&) 1-86 NR>DC ,as se93este"ed 5 t#e $CGG. -GG and enedit, "erei(ed t be t/e ntr''ing st9/'der + t/e "any, ente"ed into an a0"eement ,#e"e5 &H! of t#e meme"s of t#e Boa"d of Di"ecto"s of NR>DC s#all e nominees of t#e $CGG and 13 t/ere+ s/a'' be ninees + enedit. 3l5 1) 1-86 - and NRD entered int an agreeent addendu4 e*tending t/e ters + t/eir agreeent t an inde+inite "erid Sn its e*isting ters and nditinsS it/ eit/er "arty /a(ing t/e rig/t t terinate t/e agreeent u"n si* 64 nt/s "rir ritten ntie t t/e t/er "arty ;a5 1*) 1-88 NR>DC se"ved 3pon >I$ a lette" advisin0 t#at t#e mana0ement a0"eement s#all e te"minated si* 64 nt/s +r n beause + its deisin t /a(e Ne ?r'd te' -/i'i""ines N?-4 anage t/e "r"erty in 'ieu + -. Noveme" &) 1-88 >I$ initiated on an action fo" inte"vention in t#e se93est"ation case in t#e Sandi0ana5an, /erein NRD as in'uded as ang t/e + irs seuestered, a''eged t be "art + t/e i'':gtten ea't/ aassed by enedit in ns"iray it/ Mars. T/e "r"sed "'aint:in:inter(entin atta/ed t t/e tin:in:inter(entin uestins t/e terinatin + t/e anageent agreeent it/ut t/e rres"nding "rir ntie andr rig/t + +irst re+usa'. Noveme" 11) 1-88 Sandi0ana5an iss3ed a Resol3tion den5in0 >I$s motion fo" inte"vention fo" lac of E3"isdiction sine, St/e "resene + -GG re"resentati(es in seuestered "anies des nt autatia''y tear dn t/e r"rate (ei' t/at distinguis/es t/e r"ratin +r its ++iers, diretrs r e'ders. r"rate ++iia's /et/er ninated by t/e -GG r nt, ins+ar as t/ird "arties are nerned, are r"rate ++iers.S >I$ filed a petition fo" "evie, on certiorari contendin0 t#at Sandi0ana5an #as e2cl3sive and o"i0inal E3"isdiction beause t/e terinatin + t/e anageent ntrat by a -GG ninated bard due t t/e seuestratin rder is inidenta' t r re'ated t t/e ase +r re(ery + i'':gtten ea't/ +i'ed in t/e !andiganbayan. Noveme" 16) 1-88: !u"ree urt issued a te"rary restraining rder ISS/: ?N - /as a 'ega' interest in i(i' ase N. 003#, su++iient t usti+y its inter(entin. N< $=I=IDCMs Boa"d of Di"ecto"s. T/e t are inde"endent and unre'ated issues and res'utin + eit/er ay "reed inde"endent'y + ea/ t/er. E"/'ding t/e 'ega'ity + enedits auisitin + t/e seuestered "r"erty is nt a guarantee t/at -s anageent ntrat u'd be u"/e'd, +r n'y t/e ard + Diretrs + NRD is ua'i+ied t a9e su/ a deterinatin. ISS/: ?N t/e !andiganbayan /as urisditin (er t/e subet atter + -
!andiganbayan /as urisditin beause t/e terinatin by Ri(iera + its anageent ntrat as u"n a ard Res'utin + a ard + Diretrs "rising + -GG ninees due t t/e seuestratin rder, /i/ is inidenta' t r re'ated t t/e ase +r re(ery + i'':gtten ea't/ +i'ed against enedit in t/e !andiganbayan. SANDIGANBAYAN ntrats entered int by t/e seuestered "anies are nt -GG ati(ities /i/ u'd usti+y t/e in(atin + t/is urts urisditin, e(en i+ t/e ntrat r t/e suit ere unanius'y a""r(ed by its bard + diretrs /ere -GG re"resentati(es sit. + t/e -GG an be "r"er'y i"'eaded n a ause + atin asserted be+re t/is urt as a distint entity, t/en t/is urt u'd genera''y e*erise urisditin; t/erise, it u'd nt, beause, t/en t/e -GG /arater + t/e at r issin in uestin ay, at best, be n'y inidenta'. S/$R; Cs acts or or$ers in such cases% )(ident'y, petitione"Ms p"oposed complaintininte"vention is an rdinary i(i' ase t/at does not pe"tain to t#e Sandi0ana5an eca3se it is not di"ected a0ainst $CGG as an entit5) but against a "ri(ate r"ratin. R/+ING: -etitin is D!M!!)D and t/e ru'ing + t/e !andiganbayan denying t/e tin t inter(ene, is /ereby u"/e'd. T/e te"rary restraining rder issued n N(eber 16, 1=88, is HT)D. N sts. DISSN=: G/=IRR) R.) J., dissenting> T/e deisin t terinate 'iday nns ntrat as a -GG deisin. An5 decision to end t#e mana0ement cont"act is simpl5 an incident of t#e e2e"cise of t#e po,e" to se93este". %ny /a''enge in its ats ust be ta9en be+re t/e !andiganbayan and e(entua''y t us. Ender t/e urts deisin in PC<< v% P,?A( 15= !R% 566 1=884, in /is addendu: t/e "nente:t/en /ie+ Justie Tee/an9ee : stated t/at, -uri#diction cannot be #plit every i##ue involving #eue#tered property and it# management and di#po#ition mu#t go to Sandiganbayan.
on. Alf"edo G3stilo, in /is a"aity as "residing udge + Regina' Tria' urt + a(ite, ran/ V@, a(ite ity, Munii"a'ity + Rsari, a(ite, +rer Mayr a'i*t D. )nriueA + Rsari, a(ite, and @a'erian )s"iritu + Mab', ar, a(ite ( Respon$ents% G.R. N. 81835
Deeber 20, 1==0 -aras, J.
Doct"ine: nter(entin is n'y ''atera' r ani''ary t t/e ain atin, /ene, t/e +ina' disissa' + t/e "rini"a' atin resu'ts in t/e disissa' + said ani''ary atin. L3icie: -etitiner inter(ened in t/e ase beteen )s"iritu and t/e Munii"'aity + Rsari a(ite regarding an a''eged re'aied +res/re 'and. T/e "rini"a' "arties entered int a "rise agreeent. -etitiner ants t annu' t/e "rise agreeent. ! denied /is "etitin. FAC=S: •
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L;ain Action @a'erian )s"iritu, /erein "ri(ate res"ndent +i'ed n %"ri' 22, 1=83, a Complaint fo" Specific $e"fo"mance and Dama0es, against res"ndents Munii"a'ity + Rsari, a(ite and a'i*t )nriueA, t/e 'atter in /is a"aity as Mayr + said unii"a'ity, t en+re t/eir agreeent ntained in a RC+A;A=I
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substantia''y aended, di+ied and su""'eented; and 34 "'ainti++ /as nt "er+red /is rei"ra' b'igatin. LIN=RN=Io,eve") Inte"veno"s ,anted to p"esent evidence to p"ove t#ei" defense. T/e inter(enrs as9ed t/e urt t/at t/ey be a''ed t "resent t/eir e(idene t "r(e t/eir de+ense asserted in t/eir anser:in:inter(entin. r t/at "ur"se se(era' /earings ere /e'd /erein t/e @. Mayr, @. G( and "etiners unse' testi+ied. Comp"omise S3mitted 5 $"incipal +iti0ants App"oved 5 t#e t"ial co3"t. i"rtant4 &n May 20, 1=85, t/e "rini"a' 'itigants +i'ed it/ tria' urt t/eir "rised "rise agreeent. T/e "arties agreed t/at 208,66# suare eters + t/e re'aied area ere t be a''ted t t/e "'ainti++ and 211,311 suare eters t/ere+ ere t be gi(en t de+endant unii"a'ity. ;a5 &) 1-8%, t/e tria' urt a""r(ed t/e "rise agreeent and rendered a deisin in ardane t/ereit/. T/e inter(enrs reei(ed t/eir "y + t/e deisin n Septeme" 1-) 1-8% t/ru @ie:Mayr )rnest %ndi. =#e decision ein0 al"ead5 final) it ,as d3l5 e2ec3ted to t#e satisfaction of t#e p"incipal liti0ants. &n &tber 17, 1=85 and Ju'y 2, 1=87 additina' /earings ere /e'd /ere t/e inter(enrs "resented t/ree 34 additina' itnesses. 3ne &) 1-8. T/e inter(enrs +i'ed a motion to set aside t#e comp"omise a0"eement dated May 15, 1=85 but t/is as denied by t/e tria' urt, ru'ing t/at t/e tin in uestin annt be granted as it /ad t/e e++et + annu''ing t/e udgent + t/is urt /i/ /as a'ready bee +ina' and, arding t t/e "'ainti++, a'ready e*euted. Tria' urt a's said t/at t/e Mtin t !et %side "rise %greeent annt e(en be nsidered as a MR beause t/e urt an n 'nger set aside, aend r di+y its udgent /i/ /as bee +ina'. Neit/er an t/e said tin be deeed as a "etitin +r re'ie+ under Ru'e 38 + t/e Ru'es + urt, sine t set aside a udgent based u"n a "rise agreeent under t/e said Ru'e, t/e "etitin +r re'ie+ ust be +i'ed nt 'ater t/an si* 64 nt/s +r t/e date it as rendered. + t/e instant tin be nstrued as an inde"endent atin t annu' a udgent, t/is urt u'd nt /a(e urisditin (er it inasu/ as under !e. = + - 'g. 12=, an atin +r t/e annu'ent + a udgent + t/e RT +a''s under t/e e*'usi(e rigina' urisditin + t/e % •
ISS/S: '. ?&N t/e 'er urt erred in st""ing"re(enting t/e inter(enrs +r +urt/er "resenting t/eir e(idene in su""rt + t/eir %nser:in:nter(entin. : N< $. ?&N t/e 'er urt erred in a""r(ing t/e "rise agreeent + May 20, 1=85 and rendering a deisin based t/eren dated May 2#, 1=85, ins"ite + t/e 'ear 'a9 + aut/rity n t/e "art + res"ndent a'i*t D. )nriueA t bind t/e Munii"a'ity + Rsari beause + t/e absene + an enab'ing rdinane +r t/e !angguniang ayan + Rsari, a(ite e"ering /i t enter int said "rise agreeent. : N< >+D: 1. A E3d0ment app"ovin0 a comp"omise a0"eement is f inal and immediatel5 e2ec3to"5 Samonte v% Samonte4. All pendin0 iss3es ,ill ecome moot and academic once a comp"omise s3mitted 5 t#e pa"ties is app"oved 5 t#e t"ial co3"t :eren!uer v% Arcan!el 4. =#e Comp"omise A0"eement and t#e decision #ad in effect "esolved t#e afo"ementioned iss3es "aised 5 t#e inte"veno"s. n t/e ase at bar, t/e "rise agreeent subitted by t/e "'ainti++ and t/e de+endants and t/e deisin a""r(ing t/e sae regniAed t/e (a'idity + t/e Re'aatin ntrat and t/e +at t/at t/e trat + 'and in('(ed as t/e resu't + t/e re'aatin dne by !%D)&. n t/eir anser:
in:inter(entin, "etitiner a''eges t/at t/ere as n re'aatin underta9en by !%D)&, t/at t/e 'and in uestin as t/e resu't + aretin +r t/e sea and t/at t/e Re'aatin ntrat is nu'' and (id. 'ear'y t/en, t/e "rise agreeent and t/e deisin /ad in e++et res'(ed t/e a+reentined issues raised by t/e inter(enrs. T/e ntinuatin + t/e ree"tin + t/e inter(enrs e(idene u'd ser(e n "ur"se at a''. !/u'd inter(enrs +ai' t "r(e t/at t/e Re'aatin ntrat is nu'' and (id and t/at n atua' re'aatin as ade, t/e rretness and "r"riety + t/e deisin based n t/e "rise agreeent u'd be strengt/ened. E"n t/e t/er /and, s/u'd t/ey sueed in "r(ing t/at t/e ntrat is nu'' and (id, and t/at t/e area in uestin ae int being t/rug/ t/e natura' atin + t/e sea, sti'' t/e deisin + t/e 'er urt u'd n 'nger be set aside, inasu/ as it /as a'ready bee +ina' and e*euted.
/Y) (s. FIRS= ;=R< IN=GRA=D S=+ C
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RA=I<: IN=RN=I
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Q=#e"e is no 93estion t#at inte"vention is onl5 collate"al o" ancilla"5 to t#e main action. >ence) it ,as p"evio3sl5 "3led t#at t#e final dismissal of t#e p"incipal action "es3lts in t#e dismissal of said ancilla"5 action.Q 'Camacho v. 0on. Court o! ppeal#, et al., 1.R. No. 23456( •
L!D) !!E), re> due "ress
T/ere is, t/ere+re, n erit t t/e 'ai + "etitiner t/at t/e 'er urt Sunerenius'y terinated t/e "reedingsS e(en Sit/ut t/e inter(enrs "'eting t/eir e(idene.S -reise'y, t/e urt a u ga(e redene and eig/t t t/e "rise agreeent and denied t/e 'ais + t/e inter(enrs /i/ ere ntr(erting t/e t/eries + t/e "'ainti++ and t/e de+endants. n t/er rds, due "ress /ad been arded t/e inter(enrs. t u'd /a(e been di++erent /ad t/e urt nt ta9en int nsideratin t/e 'ais + t/e inter(enrs. T/e "etitiner annt 'ai ignrane + t/e +i'ing + t/e "rise agreeent. %s an be g'eaned +r t/e "re:tria' rder, t#e inte"veno"s ,e"e "ep"esented d3"in0 t#e p"et"ial confe"ences) /ere t/e "'ainti++ and t/e de+endants intiated t/at t/ey u'd subit a "rise agreeent. =#e inte"veno"s did not inte"pose an5 opposition to t#e manifestation of t#e plaintiff and defendants t#at t#e5 ,o3ld e amical5 settlin0 t#ei" disp3te. T/e "rise agreeent as +i'ed in urt n May 20, 1=85. t as a""r(ed by t/e 'er urt n May 2#, 1=86. Befo"e its app"oval no opposition #ad een filed 93estionin0 its le0alit5.T/e inter(enrs reei(ed t/eir "y + t/e deisin n !e"teber 1=, 1=85. =#e5 did not file an5 motion fo" "econside"ation to s3spend its f inalit5. t as n'y n June 2#, 1=87, r a+ter t/e 'a"se + a'st t,o '&( 5ea"s /en t/ey +i'ed a tin t set aside t/e "rise agreeent. t s/u'd be e"/asiAed at t/is unture t/at t/e deisin based n t/e "rise agreeent /ad 'ng been e*euted.
Rbert and M +i'ed an Ans,e" ,it# Co3nte"claim and C"ossclaim Lstrangers t ntrat, "etitiner 'e+t t/e /e9 in Rbert
Date
!tatus
Reasn
eb 28, 2001
ane''ed
-etitiner /ad in+'uenAa
%"ri' 26, 2001
ane''ed
May 11,2001
ane''ed
&tber 25,2001
ane''ed
unse'
%tty Huas . ar"i Jr. %tty. M'ina
Deeber 13, 2001
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&. %nent t/e 2nd issue, su++ie it t state t/at t/e ayr need nt seure ant/er aut/rity +r t/e !andiganbayan under !etin 1#1 4 and i4 + t/e Ha' G(ernent de. urt/er, t/e ters and nditins + t/e "rise agreeent are bene+iia' t t/e unii"a'ity beause t/e s/are + )s"iritu /as been redued nsiderab'y +r t/e 80W agreed u"n in t/e re'aatin ntrat.
M! de'i(ered t Mid'and ntegrated nstrutin "any M4, Rbert Ey and "etitiner )'"idi Ey de+red stee' bars (a'ued at -6=5,811.00. Rbert a''eged'y de'i(ered t M! a Metrban9 in t/e aunt + -6=5,811.00 issued by "etitiner as "ayent. T/e /e9 as dis/nured and des"ite deands M, Rbert and "etitiner re+used t "ay. M! +i'ed a complaint fo" a s3m of mone5 it/ "rayer +r rit + "re'iinary atta/ent against M, Rbert and "etitiner.
f"a3d) accident) mistae o" e2c3sale ne0li0ence t/at u'd nt /a(e been guarded against by rdinary "rudene, and by reasn + /i/ t/e aggrie(ed "arty
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ne,l5 discove"ed evidence t/at, it/ reasnab'e di'igene, t/e aggrie(ed "arty u'd nt /a(e dis(ered and "rdued at t/e tria'; and t/at, i+ "resented, u'd "rbab'y a'ter t/e resu't
T/e e*"'anatin ++ered by JH as regards t/e absene + its unse' +r t/e "retria' is unae"tab'e. t a's +ai'ed t usti+y its n absene and t/e absene + bt/ its unse'. Enti' t/eir +ra' it/draa' is granted, 'ayers are deeed t be t/e r e"resentati(es + t/eir 'ients.
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=#e $"ope" Remed5 T/e nseuene + nn:a""earane it/ut ause at t/e "retria' is nt +r t/e "etitiner t be nsidered Cas in de+au't, but Ct a'' t/e "'ainti++ t "resent e(idene e* "arte and L+r t/e urt t render udgent n t/e basis t/ere+. •
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31. Jan. 2=, 2002 $ %tty. NaAaren +i'ed a !ubissin t t/e RT atta/ing 14 a erti+iatin t/at t/e itnesses /ad been "resent and du'y srn t by /er; 24 a transri"t bearing t/eir signatures, attesting t/at it as a true rerd + t/eir testinies; 34 a "y + t/e Ntie t Ta9e De"sitin de'i(ered t /er; and #4 a "y + t/e Ntie signed by res"ndents< unse'.
T/e ratina'e is t e*/aust t/e "ssibi'ity + rea/ing a "rise.
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T/e de+endants reedy is a motion fo" "econside"ation. %nd un'ess t/e re"ening + t/e ase is 'ear'y intended +r de'ay, urts s/u'd be 'ibera' in setting aside rders barring de+endants +r "resenting e(idene. ere, JH did nt +i'e an MR. T/ug/ t/e Ru'es des nt "r/ibit t/e +i'ing + a tin +r ne tria' des"ite t/e a(ai'abi'ity + an MR, +ai'ure t +i'e an MR $ it/ut due ause :: is a +atr in deterining /et/er t a""'y t/e 'ibera'ity ru'e. JH did nt e*"'ain /y it /ad +ai'ed t d s.
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T/e 'a"se + tie : +r t/e %ug. 8, 2000 "retria' t t/e !e". 5, 2000 e* "arte "resentatin + e(idene, and unti' t/e June 1=, 2001 "ru'gatin + t/e Deisin : s/s t/e neg'igene + JH and its unse's.
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33. eb. 26, 2002 $ % denied t/e -etitin +r -r/ibitin L!ee N. = 3#. Mar. 6, 2002 $ JH reei(ed a "y + t/e RT Res'utin dated eb. 214 denying t/e Mtin t Iuas/. 35. Mar. 11, 2002 $ JH +i'ed a $etition fo" Ce"tio"a"i and $"o#iition be+re t/e % see9ing t /'d in abeyane t/e eb. 21 2002 RT Res'utin and t/e De. #, 2001 ?rit + )*eutin a''eging t/at sine it did nt reei(e t/e &rder denying its &nibus Mtin, t/e "erid + a""ea' /as nt yet 'a"sed and t/e udgent, nt being +ina' u'd nt be t/e subet + a rit + e*eutin. 36. CA denied t/e "etitin ru'ing t/at JH u'd n 'nger a(ai' + a de"sitin under Ru'e 23 sine tria' /ad a'ready been terinated. %nd t/at beteen t/e denia' + a 'ayer and a erti+iatin + a "staster, t/e 'atter u'd "re(ai'.
NonReceipt of <"de" T/ere is a dis"utab'e "resu"tin t/at ++iia' duties /a(e been regu'ar'y "er+red. T/e "staster
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A deposition ma5 e taen ,it# leave of co3"t afte" E3"isdiction #as een otained ove" an5 defendant o" ove" p"ope"t5 t#at is t#e s3Eect of t#e action o") ,it#o3t s3c# leave) afte" an ans,e" #as een se"ved.
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De"sitin is /ie+'y a mode of discove"5, t/e "riary +untin + /i/ is to s3pplement t#e pleadin0s fo" t#e p3"pose of disclosin0 t#e "eal points of disp3te et,een t#e pa"ties and affo"din0 an ade93ate fact3al asis d3"in0 t#e p"epa"ation fo" t"ial. T/e 'iberty + a "arty t a(ai' itse'+ + t/is "redure, as an attribute + dis(ery, is Ce'':nig/ 3n"est"icted i+ t/e atters inuired int are t/erise re'e(ant and nt "ri(i'eged, and t/e inuiry is ade in gd +ait/ and it/in t/e bunds + t/e 'a. Hiitatins u'd arise, t/ug/, i+ t/e e*ainatin is nduted in bad +ait/; r in su/ a anner as t anny, ebarrass, r ""ress t/e "ersn / is t/e subet + t/e inuiry; r /en t/e inuiry tu/es u"n t/e irre'e(ant r enra/es u"n t/e regniAed dains + "ri(i'ege %d(antages> 1. t is + great assistane in asertaining t/e trut/ and in /e9ing and "re(enting "erury. 2. t is an e++eti(e eans + deteting and e*"sing +a'se, +raudu'ent, and s/a 'ais and de+enses. 3. t a9es a(ai'ab'e in a si"'e, n(enient, and +ten ine*"ensi(e ay +ats /i/ t/erise u'd nt /a(e been "r(ed, e*e"t it/ great di++iu'ty and seties nt at a''. #. t eduates t/e "arties in ad(ane + tria' as t t/e rea' (a'ue + t/eir 'ais and de+enses, t/ereby enuraging sett'eents ut + urt. 5. t e*"edites t/e dis"sa' + 'itigatin, sa(es t/e tie + t/e urts, and 'ears t/e d9et + any ases by sett'eents and disissa's /i/ t/erise u'd /a(e t be tried. 6. t sa+eguards against sur"rise at t/e tria', "re(ents de'ays, and narrs and si"'i+ies t/e issues t be tried, t/ereby e*"editing t/e tria'. 7. t +ai'itates bt/ t/e "re"aratin and t/e tria' + ases.
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T/e Ru'es and uris"rudene, /e(er, d nt restrit a de"sitin t t/e s'e +untin + being a de + dis(ery be+re tria'. /nde" ce"tain conditions and fo" ce"tain limited p3"poses) it ma5 e taen even afte" t"ial #as commenced.
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$etition Denied. A++ID AGRIB/SINSS D+<$;N= . CA G.R. N. 118#38; # Deeber 1==8; e''si'', J. Digest "re"ared by G'enn %gbayani I. Facts •
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?/en a de"sitin des nt n+r t t/e essentia' reuireents + 'a and ay reasnab'y ause ateria' inury t t/e ad(erse "arty, its ta9ing s/u'd nt be a''ed.
Safe03a"ds T/e rig/t t bet t t/eir adissibi'ity is retained by t/e "arties, +r t/e sae reasns as t/se +r e*'uding e(idene i+ t/e itness ere "resent and /ad testi+ied in urt; and +r errrs and irregu'arities in t/e de"sitin. •
/se of Depositions De"sitins ay be used +r t/e tria' r +r t/e /earing + a tin r an inter'utry "reeding, under t/e irustanes s"ei+ied under Ru'e 23.#
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T/e "resent ase in('(ed a irustane t/at +e'' under Section 'c('&( + Ru'e 23 :: t/e itnesses + "etitiner in Metr Mani'a resided beynd 100 9i'eters +r !u'tan udarat, t/e "'ae + /earing. 5c6 The $eposition of a witness( whether or not a party( may &e use$ &y any party for any purpose if the court fin$s7 % that the witness is $ea$8 or 6.
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that the %itne## re#ide# at a di#tance more than one hundred &'(() *ilometer# !rom the place o! trial or hearing, or i# out o! the Philippine#, unle## it appear# that hi# ab#ence %a# procured by the party o!!ering the depo#ition
-etitiner ++ered t/e de"sitins in su""rt + its Mtin t Iuas/ t/e ?rit + )*eutin4 and +r t/e "ur"se + "r(ing t/at t/e tria' urt
T/e RT did nt tta''y disregard "etitiner
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II. Iss3es
/erry @a''ey ars, a +reign "any based in )ng'and, s'd se(era' du9 eggs and du9'ings t %''ied:%gri usiness. %''ied did nt "ay t/e tta' "ur/ase "rie des"ite /erry @a''ey
?&N %''ied is est""ed +r /a''enging /erry @a''ey
2. During tria', iveca moved fo" t#e iss3ance of a #ubpoena duce# tecum and ad te#ti!icandum t ertain ++iers + nsu'ar Hi+e %ssurane . Htd. t "e' p"od3ction of t#e ins3"ance polic5 and application + a "ersn sus"eted t be "etitiner
Allie$ is estoppe$ from challen!in! le!al capacity to sue •
%''ied is est""ed +r /a''enging /erry @a''ey
Allie$ is $eeme$ to have a$mitte$ the matters in the Re=uest •
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T/e atters see si-th &ullet in the 4acts4 set +rt/ in t/e Reuest +r %dissin ere deeed aditted by %''ied beause it +ai'ed t subit an anser t su/ Reuest as rdered by t/e RT a+ter its MR as denied. T/e burden + ntr(erting t/e atters in t/e Reuest +r %dissin is n t/e "arty u"n / ntie is ser(ed t a(id t/e adissin %''ied4 rat/er t/an t/e "arty reuesting t/e adissin /erry @a''ey4. T/e +ai'ure t +i'e T/ere+re, t/e RT rret'y granted /erry @a''ey
Rule 12 $iscussion T/e "ur"se + t/e ru'e g(erning reuests +r adissin + +ats and genuineness + duents Ru'e 264 is 14 t e*"edite tria' and 24 t re'ie(e "arties + t/e sts + "r(ing unntr(erted +ats t/e trut/ + /i/ an be asertained it/ reasnab'e inuiry. )a/ + t/e atters + /i/ an adissin is reuested s/a'' be deeed aditted. E"n ser(ie + a reuest +r adissin, t/e "arty ser(ed ay d any + t/e +''ing> o %dit ea/ + t/e atters. Resrt t t/is atin u'd nt neessitate t/e +i'ing + an anser %dit t/e trut/ + t/e atters by ser(ing u"n t/e "arty reuesting a ritten o adissin + su/ atters i'e a srn stateent s"ei+ia''y denying t/e atters o o i'e a srn stateent setting +rt/ in detai' t/e reasns /y /e annt trut/+u''y adit r deny t/e atters Y/ vs. CA and Y/
ins3"ance cont"act is inadmissile evidence in (ie + t/e nsurane issin
@i(enia sug/t MR but it as a's denied n May 10, 2001.
3. @i(enia +i'ed a petition fo" ce"tio"a"i efo"e t#e CA i"uting G%D n t/e RT in issuing t/e rder.
a4 ?&N an insurane "'iy and its rres"nding a""'iatin +r an be aditted as e(idene t "r(e a "arty
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G.R. N. 15#115; N(. 2=, 2005; Tinga. Digest by an.
b4 ?&N a tria' urt /as disretin t deny a "arty
%rt. 2. /hen the father or the other a0es the recognition separately, he or she shall not reeal the nae or the person with who he or she had the child neither shall he or she state any circustance whereby the other person ay be identi3ed. (
%ct 4o. '(+', *ection +, fourth paragraph reads5
Facts:
6n case of an illegitiate child, the birth certi3cate shall be signed and sworn to 7ointly by the parents of the infant or only the other if the father refuses. 6n the latter case, it shall not be perissible to state or reeal in the docuent the nae of the father who refuses to ac0nowledge the child or to gie therein any inforation by which such father could be identi3ed.
1. Mar. 15, 1==# RT -asig ra++'ed t r. 158 "resided by Judge Jse R. ernandeA4
iveca +im Y3 '#e"ein p"ivate "espondent4 brug/t an action fo" le0al sepa"ation and dissol3tion of conE30al pa"tne"s#ip against /er /usband, /erein petitione" $#ilip S5 Y3 due t arita' in+ide'ity and "/ysia' abuse.
*ection , &ule 1'2 proides5
*ec.. Tender of e8cluded eidence.96f docuents or things o:ered in eidence are e8cluded by the court, the o:eror ay hae the sae attached to or ade part of the record. 6f the eidence e8cluded is oral, the o:eror ay state for the record the nae and other personal circustances of the witness and the substance of the
ivencia ,as me"el5 seein0 t#e p"od3ction of t#e ins3"ance application and cont"act. !/e as not 5et offe"in0 t#e same as pa"t of #e" evidence. Contents of t#e doc3ments a"e not p"ivile0ed info"mation. T/is is in (ie + t/e "inin + t/e nsurane issiner dated %"ri' #, 2001 t t/e e++et t/at iru'ar Hetter N. 11:2000 Cas ne(er intended t be a 'ega' i"edient in "'ying it/ 'ega' rders. A t"ial co3"t does not #ave t#e disc"etion to den5 a pa"t5@s p"ivile0e to tende" e2cl3ded evidence as t/is "ri(i'ege a''s said "arty t raise n a""ea' t/e e*'usin + su/ e(idene.
-/i'i" +i'ed MR but as denied /ene t/is "etitin.
-etitiner
CA passed 3pon e""o"s of E3d0ment) not e""o"s of E3"isdiction) since it delved into t#e p"op"iet5 of t#e denial of t#e subpoena duce# tecum and #ubpoena ad te#ti!icandum. % +i'ed t s/ any instane + G%D n t/e "art + RT. ivencia #ad al"ead5 mooted #e" petition efo"e t#e CA ,#en s#e filed fo" fo"mal offe" of "e3ttal e2#iits) ,it# tende" of e2cl3ded evidence efo"e t#e R=C.
-ri(ate Res"ndent
Detai's surrunding t/e insurane "'iy are ruia' t t/e issue + "etitiner
Prats @ Co% v% Phoeni- #nsurance Co%7 During t/e ear'y stages + t/e de(e'"ent + "r+, t/e "ratie + e*'uding e(idene n dubt+u' betins t its ateria'ity is a(ided beause it is i"ssib'e +r t/e tria' urt udge t 9n it/ ertainty /et/er t/e e(idene is re'e(ant r nt. Mre(er, it ust be reebered t/at in t/e /eat + t/e batt'e (er /i/ /e "resides a udge + +irst instane ay "ssib'y +a'' int errr in udging + t/e re'e(any + "r+ /ere a +air and 'gia' nnetin is in +at s/n. ?/en su/ a ista9e is ade and t/e "r+ is errneus'y ru'ed ut, t/e !u"ree urt, u"n a""ea', +ten +inds itse'+ ebarrassed and "ssib'y unab'e t rret t/e e++ets + t/e errr it/ut returning t/e ase +r a ne tria', K a ste" /i/ t/is urt is a'ays (ery 'at/ t ta9e. &n t/e t/er /and, t/e adissin + "r+ in a urt + +irst instane, e(en i+ t/e uestin as t its +r, ateria'ity, r re'e(any is dubt+u', an ne(er resu't in u/ /ar t eit/er 'itigant, beause t/e tria' udge is su""sed t 9n t/e 'a; and it is its duty, u"n +ina' nsideratin + t/e ase, t distinguis/ t/e re'e(ant and ateria' +r t/e irre'e(ant and iateria'. + t/is urse is +''ed and t/e ause is "rseuted t t/e !u"ree urt u"n a""ea', t/is urt t/en /as a'' t/e ateria' be+re it neessary t a9e a rret udgent.
2. ?&N t/e RT ated it/ G%D /en it denied t/e tin. YS. n de'aring t/at t/e duents are irre'e(ant and inadissib'e e(en be+re t/ey ere +ra''y ++ered, u/ 'ess "resented be+re it, t/e tria' urt ated in e*ess + its disretin. )*ess + urisditin re+ers t any at /i/ a't/ug/ +a''ing it/in t/e genera' "ers + t/e udge is nt aut/riAed and is nseuent'y (id it/ res"et t t/e "artiu'ar ase beause t/e nditins under /i/ /e as n'y aut/riAed t e*erise /is genera' "er in t/at ase did nt e*ist and t/ere+re, t/e udiia' "er as nt 'ega''y e*erised.
Ender Ru'e 35.1, a tria' urt ay grant a suary udgent i+, n tin + eit/er "arty, t/ere a""ears +r t/e "'eadings, de"sitins, adissins, and a++ida(its t/at n i"rtant issues + +at are in('(ed, e*e"t t/e aunt + daages.
uue
T/ere is n uestin t/at /en an a""ea' raises n'y "ure uestins + 'a, t/e ! /as t/e s'e urisditin t entertain t/e sae. &n t/e t/er /and, a""ea's in('(ing bt/ uestins + 'a and +at +a'' it/in t/e e*'usi(e a""e''ate urisditin + t/e %. J93estion of la,K: /en t/e dubt r di++erene arises as t /at t/e 'a is n ertain o state + +ats, and /i/ des nt a'' +r an e*ainatin + t/e "rbati(e (a'ue + t/e e(idene "resented by t/e "arties:'itigants. J93estion of factK: /en t/e dubt r ntr(ersy arises as t t/e trut/ r +a'sity + t/e o a''eged +ats.
%ny re(ie by t/e a""e''ate urt + t/e "r"riety + t/e suary udgent rendered by t/e tria' urt based n t/ese "'eadings u'd nt in('(e an e(a'uatin + t/e "rbati(e (a'ue + any e(idene, but u'd n'y 'iit itse'+ t t/e inuiry + /et/er t/e 'a as "r"er'y a""'ied gi(en t/e +ats and t/ese su""rting duents. •
T/ere+re, /at u'd ine(itab'y arise +r su/ a re(ie are "ure uestins + 'a, and nt uestins + +at, /i/ are nt "r"er in an rdinary a""ea' under Ru'e #1, but s/u'd be raised by ay + a "etitin +r re(ie n ertirari under Ru'e #5.
T/e issue raised by res"ndents in t/eir rdinary a""ea' /et/er t/e ru'ings + t/e % + t/e ! in t/e "etitin +r ertirari ay be a""'ied as C'a + t/e ase is a uestin + 'a. •
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Margen Rea'ty entered int a "rise %greeent, it/ itanga ating as signatry +r and in be/a'+ + Margen Rea'ty. •
CHa + t/e ase /as been de+ined as t/e "inin de'i(ered n a +rer a""ea'. t is a ter a""'ied t an estab'is/ed ru'e t/at /en an a""e''ate urt "asses n a uestin and reands t/e ase t t/e 'er urt +r +urt/er "reedings, t/e uestin t/ere sett'ed bees t/e 'a + t/e ase u"n subseuent a""ea'. n +at, a ere "erusa' + t/e "'eadings, rders, and t/er duents u'd su++ie +r a urt t deterine t/e a""'iabi'ity + su/ dtrine. T/e a""e''ate urt need e(en nt de'(e int t/e trut/ r +a'sity + t/e e(idene "resented by t/e "arties during t/e /earing n t/e a""'iatin +r a rit + "re'iinary inuntin, r t/e +indings + t/e tria' urt in said /earing, rat/er, t/e a""e''ate urt ere'y /ad t deterine /et/er su/ e(idene and +indings are n'usi(e t be nsidered as C'a + t/e ase.
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T/e issues raised being "ure uestins + 'a, t/e % s/u'd /a(e disissed res"ndents< a""ea' utrig/t. Ne(ert/e'ess, in rder t ser(e t/e en$s of su&stantial +ustice an$ fair play , t/e urt dees it a"t t sus"end t/e en+reent + statutry and andatry ru'es n a""ea' in t/e "resent ase. •
&n 1 !e"teber 1===, -yraid instituted it/ t#e Const"3ction Ind3st"5 A"it"ation Commission 'CIAC( a case fo" a"it"ation against Margen Rea'ty see9ing "ayent by t/e 'atter + its un"aid bi''ings and "ret sts. T/ey signed a comp"omise a0"eement. •
1. Bitan0a and ;a"il5n opposed t/e ;otion fo" S3mma"5 3d0ment beause t/ere ere genuine'y dis"uted +ats t/at u'd reuire tria' n t/e erits /i/ issues are> %4 ?/et/er r nt t/ere as "r"er ser(ie + ntie t itanga nsidering t/e said 'etter + deand as a''eged'y reei(ed by ne Dette Ras at Margen ++ie and nt by /i at /is residene and 4 ?/et/er r nt itanga is entit'ed t t/e bene+it + e*ussinB.
e ne(er ade re"resentatins t -yraid t/at Margen Rea'ty u'd +ait/+u''y "'y it/ its b'igatins under t/e "rise %greeent.
-yraid failed to e2#a3st all le0al "emedies t ''et +r Margen Rea'ty t/e aunt due under t/e "rise %greeent, nsidering t/at Margen Rea'ty sti'' /ad un''eted redits /i/ ere re t/an enug/ t "ay +r t/e sae.
t as entit'ed t a suary udgent n aunt + itangas adissin during t/e "re:tria' + t/e genuineness and due e*eutin + t/e ntrat + Guaranty. T/e ntentin + itanga and Mari'yn t#at t#e5 ,e"e entitled to t#e enefit of e2c3ssion ,as not a 0en3ine iss3e. -yraid /ad a'ready e*/austed a'' 'ega' reedies t ''et +r Margen Rea'ty, but its e++rts "r(ed unsuess+u'.
T/e 'ai t/at Mari'yn ne(er "artii"ated in t/e transatins t/at u'inated in itangas e*eutin + t/e ntrat + Guaranty as nt/ing re t/an a s/a.
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T/ey a""ended t/eret an a++ida(it e*euted by itanga, in /i/ /e de'ared t/at /is s"use Mari'yn u'd nt be /e'd "ersna''y 'iab'e under t/e ntrat + Guaranty r t/e "rise %greeent, nr s/u'd /er s/are in t/e nuga' "artners/i" be ade anserab'e +r t/e guaranty itanga assued, beause /is underta9ing + t/e guaranty did nt in any ay redund t t/e bene+it + t/eir +ai'y. %s guarantr, itanga as entit'ed t t/e bene+it + e*ussin, and /e did nt ai(e /is rig/t t/eret. e ne(er reei(ed t/e -yraids deand 'etter dated 3 January 2001, as Ms. Dette Ras, t/e "ersn / reei(ed it, as nt an e"'yee + Margen Rea'ty nr as s/e aut/riAed t reei(e t/e 'etter n /is be/a'+. %s a guarantr, itanga u'd resrt t t/e bene+it + e*ussin at any tie be+re udgent as rendered against /i. itanga reiterated t/at Margen Rea'ty /ad un''eted redits /i/ ere re t/an su++iient t satis+y t/e 'ai + -yraid.
18. &n 2= N(eber 2002, t/e RT rendered a "artia' Deisin +inding +r -yraid s'idary 'iabi'ity beteen itanga and Mari'yn4. 1-. itanga and Mari'yn +i'ed a Mtin +r Rensideratin + t/e a+re:uted Deisin, /i/ t/e RT denied in an &rder dated 26 January 2003. &*. itanga and Mari'yn +i'ed an a""ea' it/ t/e urt + %""ea's /i/ /e'd t/at Mari'yn itanga is adudged nt 'iab'e, /et/er s'idari'y r t/erise, it/ /er /usband t/e de+endant: a""e''ant enain itanga, under t/e "rise agreeent r t/e ntrat + guaranty iting Ramos v% Court of Appeals, in /i/ it as de'ared t/at a ntrat annt be en+red against ne / is nt a "arty t it. T/e urt + %""ea's stated +urt/er t/at t/e substantia' ners/i" + s/ares in Margen Rea'ty by Mari'yn itanga as nt enug/ basis t /'d /er 'iab'e. &1. T/e urt + %""ea's, in its Res'utin dated 5 Ju'y 2006, denied itangas Mtin +r Rensideratin + its ear'ier Deisin. II. Iss3es
Gi(en t/at t/e inabi'ity + Margen Rea'ty as debtr t "ay t/e aunt + its debt as a'ready "r(en by t/e return + t/e rit + e*eutin t % unsatis+ied, t/e 'iabi'ity + itanga as guarantr a'ready arse.
4#et#e" t#e iss3e "e0a"din0 t#e p"op"iet5 of t#e se"vice of a cop5 of t#e demand lette" a"s s3mma"5 E3d0ement in favo3" of $5"amid. N& it is a s/a issue.
. Ratio =#e iss3e "e0a"din0 t#e p"op"iet5 of t#e se"vice of a cop5 of t#e demand lette" on t#e Bitan0a in #is office is a s#am iss3e. It is not a a" to t#e iss3ance of a s3mma"5 E3d0ment in $5"amidMs favo". 1.
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itanga des nt deny t/e reei"t + t/e deand 'etter +r t/e -yraid. e ere'y raises a /' n t/e i"r"riety + ser(ie t/ere+, stating t/at St/e address t /i/ t/e said 'etter as sent as nt /is residene but t/e ++ie + Margen Rea'ty, t/us it annt be nsidered as t/e rret anner + n(eying a 'etter + deand u"n /i in /is "ersna' a"aity.S itanga /ise'+ indiated S31# !en. Gi' -uyat %(enue, Ma9ati ityS as /is ++ie address in t/e ntrat + Guaranty.
%'' t/ings are "resued t /a(e been dne rret'y and it/ due +ra'ity unti' t/e ntrary is "r(ed. T/is +uris tantum presumption stands e(en against t/e st e'':reasned a''egatin "inting t se "ssib'e irregu'arity r ana'y. T/e a++ida(it + Mr. Rbert &. -agdi'a, essenger + -yraids unse' states in "art>
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E nd er Ru 'e 13 .6 t/ere is su++iieny + ser(ie /en t/e "a"ers, r in t/is ase, /en t/e deand 'etter is "ersna''y de'i(ered t t/e "arty r /is unse', r by 'ea(ing it in /is ++ie it/ /is 'er9 r it/ a "ersn /a(ing /arge t/ere+, su/ as /at as dne in t/is ase.
54 + it ay be "resued t/at an e*eutin n t/e "r"erty + t/e "rini"a' debtr u'd nt resu't in t/e satis+atin + t/e b'igatin D; Cons3nEi) Inc. v D3va Co"po"ation G.R. N. 15517#; # %ugust 200=; @e'as Jr., J. Digest "re"ared by Gertrude Ganna
FAC=S
C%s instruted, iediate'y "reeded t t/e ++ie + Mr. itanga 'ated at t/e 12t/ 'r, -'anters De(e'"ent an9 ui'ding, 31# !enatr Gi' -uyat %(enue, Ma9ati ity. de'i(ered t/e said 'etter t Ms. Dette Ras, a "ersn + su++iient age and disretin, / intrdued /erse'+ as ne + t/e e"'yees + Mr. itanga andr + t/e 'atters "anies.
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itanga u'd /a(e easi'y substantiated /is a''egatin by a subissin + an a++ida(it + t/e "ersnne' anager + /is ++ie t/at n su/ "ersn is indeed e"'yed by itanga in /is
&ule 1'. Personal serice. - *erice of the papers ay be ade by deliering personally a copy to the party or his counsel, or by leaing it in his o
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1==6> -etitiner DM nsuni n DM4 and res"ndent Du(aA entered int a ntrat /ereby DM u'd nstrut +r Du(aA t/e +undatin + t/e %'+ar
%rt. 2. 6n order that the guarantor ay a0e use of the bene3t of e8cussion, he ust set it up against the creditor upon the latter=s deand for payent fro hi, and point out to the creditor aailable property of the debtor within Philippine territory, su
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Deeber 22, 1==7> Du(aA +i'ed a "etitin it/ t/e !) +r t/e de'aratin + a state + sus"ensin + "ayents SC case4. T/e "etitin 'isted DM as Saditted reditrS +r t/e aunt + -/- 2=,20=,735.85. Du(aA 'aied t/at it /ad re t/an su++iient assets t satis+y its debts but annt anser its aturing b'igatins as t/ey +a'' due. n due tie, !) granted t/e "etitin. 5. January 2=, 1==8> DM +i'ed it/ t/e RT in Ma9ati ity a "etitin +r t/e anntatin + ntratrs 'ien n t/e TT (ering t/e 'andsite + t/e %'+ars -ea9 +RC case4. DM as 'aiing -32,#22,387.11 ba'ane "'us interest4. T/e Ma9ati ity RT direted t/e anntatin + a ntratrs 'ien in t/e aunt + -/- 2=,20=,735.85. 6. Hater, Du(aA it/dre its "etitin be+re t/e !). DM t/en "reeded t deand t/e "ayent and sent deand:'etters t Du(aA. &ne + t/e deand 'etters indiated t/e aunt + -32,#22,387.11 as t/e utstanding un"aid ba'ane. 7. January 21, 1===> Du(aA sent a re"'y t ne + DMs deand:'etters it/ut indiating any s"ei+i aunt re"resenting its su""sed indebtedness. n t/e re"'y 'etter, Du(aA "r"sed t "ay DM -1M a year +r at 'east ne*t t/ree years and 'arger "ayents a+terards t /i/ "r"sa' DM +und unae"tab'e. 8. Ju'y 22, 1===> DM +i'ed a suit it/ t/e RT in Ma9ati ity against Du(aA +r a su + ney civil case4. T/e "rayer as +r t/e re(ery + t/e su + -/ 38,765,=56.53 "'us interests, attrneys +ees, and 'itigatin e*"enses. =. Du(aA +i'ed an %nser it/ "u'sry unter'ais a4 Du(aA specificall5 denied D;CIMs ave"ment t/at it es t/e 'atter -/- 38,765,=56.53, as + June 1===. b4 y ay + affi"mative defenses t su""rt its unter'ais, Du(aA a''eged serius de+ets in t/e nstrutin + t/e substruture + bt/ t/e %'+ars -ea9 and t/e -ea9. Du(aA enuerated t/e de+ets t/at needed reti+iatin and aused t/e daage During t/e nstrutin + t/e %'+ars -ea9 -ret in 1==7, it as dis(ered t/at signi+iant "rtins + t/e substruture + t/e -ea9 ere enra/ing and abutting beynd and int t/e "r"erty 'ine + %'+ars -ea9. Reti+iatin r9s underta9en by DM sine t/ey ere a's t/e ntratr + t/e -ea94 t address t/e e++ets + t/e "rtruding substruture + t/e -ea9 resu'ted in t/e de'ay + t/e %'+ars -ea9 -ret; During t/e ab(e reti+iatin r9s, daages ere inurred by t/e substruture and baseent a''s + t/e -ea9 t/at u'd reuire +urt/er reti+iatin r9s; and T/e a':e*eutin + t/e nstrutin r9s n t/e -ea9 and %'+ars -ea9 and DMs substandard r9 "raties reated, ang t/er t/ings, undergrund ater see"age "rb'e and rendered neessary a deterinatin + /et/er t/e substrutures + t/e %'+ars -ea9 a's enra/ed int t/e adaent (aant 't. 4 Du(aA "rayed t/at DM be rdered t "ay -/- 35 i''in, re r 'ess, +r reti+iatin r9s; E!D 226,600 and -/- 2,015,235 t anser +r additina' sts and /arges 'aied by t/e "ret engineer and t/ers, as a resu't + reti+iatin re'ated de'ays; and attrneys +ees, it/ut "reudie t t/er uanti+iab'e 'ais. 10. !e"teber 23, 1===> DM (ed +r suary udgent a''eging t/at t/ere is n (a'id de+ense t its "'aint. DM argued t/at Du(aA unter'ais /a(e a'ready "resribed sine t/e nstrutin + t/e -ea9 as +inis/ed in 1==3 and t/e %'+ars -ea9 in 1==7; t/us, t/e res"eti(e de+ets 'iabi'ity "erids +r bt/ "rets /ad a'ready 'a"sed. 11. May 2, 2000> RT issued an &rder denying t/e tin +r suary udgent, "ertinent'y stating t/at t#e co3"t opts fo" a f3lllo,n t"ial to dete"mine t#e alle0ations of estoppel and ,a""ant5 a0ainst #idden defects '"elative to t#e s3Eect const"3ction cont"act( 5 plaintiff and defendant) "espectivel5. T/e RT denied DMs tin +r rensideratin in ant/er &rder dated %ugust 28, 2001. 12. DM ent t t/e % (ia a "etitin +r ertirari and as9ed +r t/e nu''i+iatin + t/e tin rders + t/e RT. T/e % %RM)D t/e deisin + t/e RT and disissed t/e M&T&N &R !EMM%RF JEDGM)NT + DM
?&N suary udgent in ardane it/ t/e R& is "r"er !ee Ru'e 35.1 and Ru'e 35.34 $ N&
! ited !'idban9 r" ( % ?)N !EMM%RF JEDGM)NT M%F ) %HH&?)D4> Summary +u$!ment is a proce$ural $evice resorte$ to in or$er to avoi$ lon! $rawn out liti!ations an$ useless $elays% When the plea$in!s on file show that there are no !enuine issues of fact to &e trie$( the Rules of Court allows a party to o&tain imme$iate relief &y way of summary +u$!ment% That is( %hen the !act# are not in di#pute ( the court is allowe$ to $eci$e the case summarily &y applyin! the law to the material facts% Conversely( where the plea$in!s ten$er a !enuine issue( summary +u$!ment is not proper% A F!enuine issueF is such issue of fact which Gre=uiresH the presentation of evi$ence as $istin!uishe$ from a sham( fictitious( contrive$ or false claim% Rule ( Section of the Rules of Court provi$es t%o &$) reui#ite# !or #ummary -udgment to be proper: &') there mu#t be n o
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genuine i##ue a# to any material !act, e+cept !or the amount o! damage# and &$) the party pre#enting the motion !or #ummary -udgment mu#t be entitled to a -udgment a# a matter o! la%.
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! ited %sian nstrutin and De(e'"ent r"ratin ( -/i'i""ine eria' ndustria' an9 G)NEN) !!E)4 A F!enuine issueF is an issue of fact which re=uires the presentation of evi$ence as $istin!uishe$ from a sham( fictitious( contrive$ or false claim% When the facts as plea$e$ appear unconteste$ or un$ispute$( then there is no real or !enuine issue or =uestion as to the facts( an$ summary +u$!ment is calle$ for% The party who moves for summary +u$!ment has the &ur$en of $emonstratin! clearly the a&sence of any !enuine issue of fact - - -% Trial courts have limite$ authority to ren$er summary +u$!ments an$ may $o so only when there is clearly no !enuine issue as to any material fact% When the facts as plea$e$ &y the parties are $ispute$ or conteste$( procee$in!s for summary +u$!ment cannot take the place of trial%
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n t/is ase, genuine issues e*ist. T/e "arties /a(e n+'iting "stures n t/e issues + est""e', "resri"tin and daages t/at needed t be t/res/ed ut in a +u'' b'n tria'. a4 DM argues t/at Du(aA /ad aditted its 'iabi'ity in its %nser and in its re"'y t ne + DMsH char!in! of interest thereon at the rate of 1L has no contractual or le!al &asis whatsoever( an$ 5&6 as state$ in the Special
an$ Affirmative Defenses an$ the Compulsory Counterclaims set forth &elow%
II. Iss3esH>eldHRatio Relevant iss3e7 4HN t#e case p"esented no 0en3ine iss3es of fact s3c# as to ,a""ant a s3mma"5 E3d0ment 5 t#e R=C $ Fes, n genuine issues + +at are in('(ed. T/us, renditin + suary udgent as arranted.
>eld: -etitin denied.
- % suary udgent is a"t /en t/e essentia' +ats + t/e ase are unntested r t/e "arties do not "aise an5 0en3ine iss3e of fact.
- ere, t res'(e t/e issue + t/e e*essi(e /arges a''eged'y inr"rated int t/e autin bid "rie, t/e RT si"'y /ad t '9 at a4 t/e "'eadings + t/e "arties; b4 t/e 'an agreeents, t/e "rissry nte, and t/e rea' estate rtgages beteen t/e; 4 t/e +re'sure and bidding duents; and d4 t/e adissins and t/er dis'sures beteen t/e "arties during "re:tria'. !ine t/e "arties aditted nt n'y t/e e-istence( authenticity( an$ !enuine e-ecution + t/ese duents but a's what they state$ , t/e tria' urt did nt need t /'d a tria' +r t/e ree"tin + t/e e(idene + t/e "arties.
No"t#,est Ai"lines v. CA and Rolando =o""es G.R. N. 12033#; January 20, 1==8; Da(ide, J. Digest by Rse %nn GnAa'es Facts •
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- - ntends t/at a suary udgent as nt "r"er gi(en t/e ++ issues t/at t/e "arties raised> 14 n t/e 'an agreeents beteen t/e ere (a'id and en+reab'e; 24 n t/e Fus /a(e a ause + atin against -; 34 n t/e Fus are "r"er "arties in interest; #4 n t/e Fus are est""ed +r uestining t/e +re'sure "reeding a+ter entering int a "rise agreeent it/ Magnara+t; 54 n t/e "ena'ty /arges and +ees and e*"enses + 'itigatin and "ub'iatin are e*essi(e; and 64 n - (i'ated t/e Trut/ in Hending %t. • urt said t/at t/ese are issues t/at u'd be readi'y res'(ed based n t/e +ats estab'is/ed by t/e "'eadings and t/e adissins + t/e "arties. • ndeed, - +ai'ed t nae any duent r ite + +at t/at it u'd /a(e anted t addue at t/e ria' + t/e ase. % tria' u'd /a(e been su/ a great aste + tie and resures. 4#e"e s3mma"5 E3d0ment is p"ope") ,#et#e" o" not t#e R=C and t#e CA a( co""ectl5 deleted t#e penalt5 c#a"0es eca3se of B$I@s alle0ed fail3"e to compl5 ,it# t#e ="3t# in +endin0 Act ( co""ectl5 "ed3ced t#e atto"ne5@s fees to 1 of t#e E3d0ment det and c( p"ope"l5 dismissed B$I@s co3nte"claims fo" mo"al and e2empla"5 dama0es) atto"ne5@s fees) and liti0ation e2penses. $ Fes.
- -ena'ty /arges ere "r"er'y dis'sed in "'iane it/ t/e Trut/ and Hending %t. •
%'t/ug/ - +ai'ed t state t/e "ena'ty /arges in t/e dis'sure stateent, t/e "rissry nte t/at t/e Fus signed, n t/e sae date as t/e dis'sure stateent, ntained a "ena'ty 'ause t/at said> F#EWe +ointly an$ severally( promise to further pay a late payment char!e on any over$ue amount herein at the rate of L per month%F
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T/e re+erene t t/e "ena'ty /arges in t/e "rissry nte nstitutes substantia' "'iane it/ t/e dis'sure reuireent in t/e Trut/ and Hending %t. 5Consoli$ate$ :ank an$ Trust Corporation v% CA8 Development :ank of the Philippines v% Arcilla( Jr%6 Nnet/e'ess, t/e urts /a(e aut/rity t redue /arges /en t/ese are unreasnab'e and iniuitus. nsidering t/at - /ad a'ready reei(ed (er -2.7M in interest and it see9s t i"se t/e "ena'ty /arge + 3W "er nt/ r 36W "er annu n t/e tta' aunt due, t/e urt, in 'ieu t/ere+, i"ses t/e "ena'ty /arge + 12W "er annu r 1W "er nt/.
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R'and Trres a''eged'y n a s"eia' issin t "ur/ase +irears +r t/e -/i'i""ine !enate, "ur/ased a r und tri" ti9et +r Nrt/est %ir'ines +r /is tra(e' t /iag and ba9 t Mani'a. &n t/e ay ba9 t Mani'a, Trres /e9ed:in and "resented /is 2 identia' baggages, ne + /i/ ntained +irears. Nrt/est a4 t/at it as t/e agents +r t/e E! usts / rdered +r t/e return + t/e ea"ns; b4 t/at /en "ened in t/e "resene + E! usts agents t/e b* ntained n +irears; and 4 t/at sine t/e baggage /i/ as returned ba9 t /iag did nt ntain any +irears, t/en t/e baggage /i/ "'ainti++ reei(ed u"n arri(a' in Mani'a ust /a(e ntained t/e +irears &n %"ri' 2#, 1=8=, a+ter Trres /ad "resented its e(idene, Nrt/est +i'ed a ;otion to Dismiss B5 4a5 of Dem3""e" to vidence ,it# ;otion fo" S3mma"5 3d0ment. Trres did nt bet t t/e subissin + t/e ase +r deisin but insisted t/at /e is entit'ed t daages as "rayed +r. o Nrt/est (ed +r t/e Cdisissa' + t/e "'aint in s +ar as it "rays +r ra', e*e"'ary and te"erate daages and attrneys +ees and +urt/er (ed +r S!uary Judgent t be rendered aarding t/e "'ainti++ Y6#0.00 as atua' daages.S o n its tin +r suary udgent, Nrt/est argued t/at t/e ?arsa n(entin and t/e ntrat + arriage 'iited its 'iabi'ity t E!Y6#0. R=C: &n !e"teber 13, 1=8=, instead + ust ru'ing n N&RT?)!T
T/e basis +r RT
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Minr issue> +imited liailit5 3nde" 4a"sa, Convention N&RT?)!T CT/e L?arsa n(entin des nt "erate as an e*'usi(e enueratin + t/e instanes + an air'ine
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Iss3eHs 4oN t#e t"ial co3"t e""ed in decidin0 t#e enti"e case on its me"itsYes &t/erise stated, ?N t/e % erred in a++iring Teld Tria' urt s/u'd /a(e a''ed "resentatin + e(idene re deurrer4. !uary udgent is nt "r"er in t/is ase. Ratio Note that NRT;W,ST9s Motion to Dismiss 5:y Way of Demurrer to ,vi$ence6 with Motion for Summary Ju$!ment involve$ two $istinct an$ separate processes( viI7 506 $emurrer to evi$ence( which was then !overne$ &y Rule ( now &y Rule 8 an$ 516 motion for summary +u$!ment( which was then !overne$ &y Rule ( now Rule ( of the Rules of Court% The su&+ect of the $emurrer were the claims for moral( e-emplary( an$ temperate $ama!es an$ attorney9s fees8 while the tar!et of the motion for summary +u$!ment was the claim for actual $ama!es% •
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Tria' urt erred in deiding t/e entire ase n its erits. As to t#e dem3""e" to evidence T/e tria' urt s/u'd /a(e been s'e'y guided by t/e "redure 'aid dn in t/e ru'e n deurrer t e(idene. t /ad n /ie t/er t/an t grant r t deny t/e deurrer. T/e tria' urt u'd nt, it/ut itting gra(e abuse + disretin aunting t e*ess + urisditin, deny t/e tin and t/en +rt/it/ grant T&RR)!< 'ais n a +inding t/at T&RR)! /as estab'is/ed a "re"nderane + e(idene in su""rt + su/ 'ais. n t/is ase, /at it s/u'd /a(e dne as t ere'y deny t/e deurrer and set a date +r t/e ree"tin + N&RT?)!T
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As to t#e motion fo" s3mma"5 E3d0ment bt/ RT and % in errr4 !uary udgent is a''ed i+, e*e"t as t t/e aunt + daages, t/ere is n genuine issue as t any ateria' +at and t/e (ing "arty is entit'ed t a udgent as a atter + 'a. n t/is ase, N&RT?)!T denied in its %nser t/e ateria' a''egatins in t/e "'aint !ee Nrt/est anser in 4acts4
n t/us subitting +r suary udgent t/e atter + its 'iabi'ity n'y t t/e a*iu a''ed in !etin 2224 + t/e ?arsa n(entin, N&RT?)!T as deeed t /a(e /y"t/etia''y aditted ar!uen$o t/at t/e +irears ere 'st. t did nt ai(e t/e "resentatin + e(idene t/at it as nt in +at 'iab'e +r t/e a''eged 'ss + +irears. %nd e(en i+ it ere s 'iab'e, N&RT?)!T u'd sti'' "r(e at t/e a""r"riate tie t/at it as nt 'iab'e beynd t/e a*iu "r(ided in said !etin 2224. Ntab'y, T&RR)! "rayed +r atua' daages in t/e aunts + 14 Y=,00=.32 re"resenting t/e (a'ue + t/e 'st +irears; and 24 -3=,065 re"resenting t/e st + /is "'ane ti9ets. ased n t/e +reging, t/ere reained a genuine issue n t/e +at and aunt + atua' daages. T/us, t/e tin +r s3mma"5 E3d0ment ,as not t#e"efo"e in o"de". t as gra(e abuse + disretin n t/e "art + t/e tria' urt t grant su/ tin and aard T&RR)! atua' daages ensurate t t/e (a'ue + t/e +irears and based n /is e(idene a'ne. o ! nted t/at N&RT?)!T ust /a(e resrted t suary udgent, in 'i9e anner as it did in +i'ing t/e deurrer, t de'ay t/e "rgress + t/e tria' + t/e ase.
Dtrine + His -endens is +unded u"n reasns + "ub'i "'iy and neessity, t 9ee" "r"erties in 'itigatin it/in t/e "er + t/e urt unti' 'itigatin is terinated and t "re(ent t/e de+eat + t/e udgent by subseuent a'ienatin. T/is "ur"se u'd be eaning'ess i+ t/e "ri(ate res"ndents are a''ed t +i'e a bnd in substitutin. Mre(er, a udge is nt a''ed t ane' a ntie + 'is "endens u"n ere +i'ing + a bnd.
&ERT>
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+ t/ere as indeed an agreeent t se'' beteen t/e "arties, %rt 1#75 + t/e N a""'ies. T/ere u'd /a(e been n need +r a ntaria' reissin i+ t/ere as n atinab'e ntrat at a''
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?N t/e re:anntatin + t/e 'is "endens n t/e TT as "r"er, des"ite t/e +at t/at t/e "'aint +i'ed by t/e "ri(ate res"ndent &rden did nt a++et t/e tit'e t nr t/e "ssessin + t/e subet "r"erty :: F)! -etitiners Rer4 $ +r ane''atin His "endens is nt neessary beause t/e "'aint des nt "ray +r t/e e*"ress aard + ners/i" r "ssessin. ?/at is in('(ed is n'y a &NTR%T T& !)HH, t/us, n tit'e /as "assed t t/e "ri(ate res"ndent /i/ needs t be "rteted by a ntie + 'is "endens. T/e % ent against t/e dtrine + @i''anue(a ( %, /ere t/e urt said t/at a 'ai + "ssessin r tit'e ust +irst be asserted (er t/e subet "r"erty, +r t/e urt t gi(e due urse t /is a""'iatin. T/e % (er'9ed t/e +at t/at t/e tin +r ane''atin as set +r /earing, but t/e "ri(ate res"ndent +ai'ed t a""ear. e as sti'' ab'e t +i'e /is ""sitin t t/e tin t ane' 'is "endens, and t/is as nsidered by t/e RT in "ru'gating its res'utin. !E-R)M) &ERT>
CHis -endens, /i/ 'itera''y eans C"ending suit, re+ers t t/e urisditin /i/ a urt auires (er "r"erty in('(ed in a suit, "ending t/e ntinuane + atin, unti' +ina' udgent. T/e "ur"se + 'is "endens is t 9ee" t/e "r"erties in 'itigatin it/int /e "er + t/e urt, unti' t/e 'itigatin is terinated, and t "re(ent t/e de+eat + t/e udgent by subseuent a'ienatin. t is an annuneent t t/e /'e r'd t/at a "artiu'ar "r"erty is in 'itigatin, and ne / auires su/ "r"erty des s at /is n ris9. )++ets + +i'ing a ntie + 'is "endens> o ee" t/e subet atter + 'itigatin it/in t/e "er + t/e urt, unti' entry + +ina' udgent ind "ur/aser, bna +ide r nt, + t/e 'and subet + 'itigatin, t t/e udgent o t/at t/e urt s/a'' subseuent'y "ru'gate T/e tria' urt /as t/e in/erent "er t ane' a ntie + 'is "endens, but t/is is e*erised under e*"ress "r(isins + 'a. T grunds are "r(ided +r by Ru'e 13.1# + + t/e Ru'es + i(i' -redure> + t/e anntatin as +r t/e "ur"se + 'esting t/e tit'e + t/e ad(erse "arty o o ?/en t/e anntatin is nt neessary t "rtet t/e tit'e + t/e "arty / aused it t be rerded % ntie + 'is "endens is a""r"riate in any t/er "reedings in urt, diret'y a++eting t/e tit'e t t/e 'and, r t/e use r u"atin t/ere+ r t/e bui'dings t/eren. 5Ma!$alena ;omeowners #nc% v CA6 Resrting t 'is "endens is nt neessari'y n+ined t ases t/at in('(e tit'e t r "ssessin + rea' "r"erty, but a's a""'ies t suits see9ing t estab'is/ a rig/t t, r an euitab'e interest in, a s"ei+i rea' "r"erty. 5Atlantic ,rectors #nc% v ;er&al Cove Realty4 % 'ai + "ssessin r tit'e (er t/e subet "r"erty is enug/ t "ut t/e "r"erty under t/e (erage + t/e ru'e n 'is "endens. T/e "'aint +r s"ei+i "er+rane +i'ed by t/e "ri(ate res"ndent is in essene, "raying t/at t/e "etitiners +u'+i'' t/eir "rise t se'' t/e "r"erty (ered by t/e TT. T/is as t/e intent + /is "'aint, and is su++iient "ur"se +r t/e anntatin + 'is "endens. ?/et/er r nt t/e 'ai + t/e "ri(ate res"ndent /as erit is + n ent at t/is "int, and s/u'd nt a++et t/e anntatin + 'is "endens n t/e tit'e + t/e "r"erty.
$=I=I uyers annt be nsidered in bad +ait/ beause t/e ntie + 'is "endes as a'ready being rdered ane''ed at t/e tie + t/e sa'e and t/e ane''atin + t/e ntie terinated t/e e++ets + su/ ntie. %T!> •
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e'en HaAar as t/e abs'ute ner + Ht 11:) it/ an area + 5,333 s in %re(a', 'i' ity (ered by TT n. 51250. Mar/ 13, 1=7=> HaAar s'd #00 s + Ht 11:) t Maga''anes. &n Ju'y 21, 1=80 ;a0allanes #ad t#e lot fenced and a nipa #3t const"3cted t#e"eon
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T/e t/er "rtins + 't 11:) ere 'ater s'd t 8 t/er buyers. &n Ju'y 1#, 1=80, HaAar e*euted a C-artitin %greeent in +a(ur + Maga''anes and t/e t/er buyers de'ineating t/e "rtins + t/e 'and. Maga''anes and Mari GnAa'es ne + t/e buyers4 ere assigned 800 s it/ ea/ ning #00 s a""r(ed by t/e Diretr + Hands. T/eir "rtin as naed Ht 11:)8 e(er, +aa"o "ef3sed to t3"n ove" t#e mot#e" title =C= no. %1%&*) so ;a0allanes and t#e 35e"s filed an adve"se claim ,it# t#e Re0iste" of Deeds ,#ic# ,as annotated at t#e ac of t#e title on Ap"il &-) 1-81. Maga''anes and GnAa'es +i'ed a tin t surrender tit'e in a adastra' ase in t/e + 'i' and aused t/e anntatin + a notice of lis pendens at t#e ac of =C= no. %1%&* on Haa"o sold +ot 118 to #e" neice +5nn Natividad and a ne, t itle =C= no. %86*6 as issued in Nati(idad Ru'es n dub'e sa'e. T/ey are nt registrants in gd +ait/ A notice of lis pendens ,as still annotated at t#e ac of =C= no. %-6*6 ,#en t#e sale ,as made on 3l5 !) 1-86. It ,as cancelled onl5 on 3l5 ) 1-86.
b.
3.
JEDGM)NT!, N%H &RD)R!, and )NTRF T)R)& ela"de v. SS %"ri' 28, 200#> J. -anganiban -re"ared by> Maan )s"insa Doct"ine: ai'ure t "'y it/ t/e nstitutina' inuntin is a gra(e abuse + disretin aunting t 'a9 r e*ess + urisditin. Deisins r rders issued in are'ess disregard + t/e nstitutina' andate are a "atent nu''ity and ust be stru9 dn as (id. FactsH$"oced3"e: !J! +i'ed a Petition !or eclaratory Relie! be+re t/e RT:Mani'a against @e'arde and /is : res"ndents see9ing ◦ t/e inter"retatin + se(era' nstitutina' "r(isins, s"ei+ia''y n t/e se"aratin + /ur/ and state; and ◦ a de'aratry udgent n t/e nstitutina'ity + t/e ats + re'igius 'eaders endrsing a andidate +r an e'eti(e ++ie, r urging r reuiring t/e ebers + t/eir +'9 t (te +r a s"ei+ied andidate. T/e res"ndents +i'ed t/e ++> ◦ r. )ddie @i''anue(a subitted, it/in t/e rigina' "erid t +i'e an %nser, a =otion •
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to i#mi##
2.
?&N t/e "resene + t/e ntie + 'is "endens ade t/e in bad +ait/B N. a. =#e notice of lis pendens at t#e ac of t#e mot#e" title ,as al"ead5 o"de"ed cancelled at t#e time of t#e sale of t#e s3Eect lot of petitione"s) #ence) said notice cannot e made a asis fo" findin0 petitione"s as 35e"s in ad fait#. . =#e notice ,as insc"ied on =C= no. %86*6 ,as insc"ied on Septeme" &) 1-81 and t#e case ,as dismissed on Septeme" 16) 1-8% ,#ic# ecame final and e2ec3to"5 on 3ne 16) 1-86. =#e dismissal #o,eve" ,as onl5 insc"ied on 3l5 ) 1-86) o" t#"ee da5s afte" t#e sale ,as made. c. =#e notice of lis pendens cannot e t#e asis fo" #oldin0 t#at t#e5"e 35e"s in ad fait#. d. In Spo3ses $o +am v CA: t#e 35e"s o30#t a lot ,#ile a notice of lis pendens ,as s3sistin0 on its title) B/= t#e SC "3led t#e5 cannot e conside"ed in ad fait# eca3se t#e notice ,as al"ead5 ein0 o"de"ed cancelled at t#e time of t#e sale and t#e cancellation of t#e notice te"minated t#e effects of s3c# notice. Ntit/standing, t/ey sti'' annt be nsidered buyers in gd +ait/. a. &ne / buys "r"erty it/ 9n'edge + +ats /i/ s/u'd "ut /i u"n inuiry r in(estigatin as t a "ssib'e de+et in t/e tit'e + t/e se''er ats in bad +ait/.
)*euti(e Minister )raP Mana' and r. Mi9e @e'arde, +i'ed t/eir =otion# to i#mi## is )inene Jaie ardina' H. !in, +i'ed a Comment and ◦ r. )'i !rian, +i'ed an n#%er it/in t/e e*tended "erid and sii'ar'y "rayed +r t/e disissa' + t/e -etitin. %'' sug/t t/e disissa' + t/e -etitin n t/e n grunds t/at it des nt state a ause + atin and t/at t/ere is n ustiiab'e ntr(ersy. T/ey ere rdered t subit a "'eading by ay + ad(iseent, t as 'se'y +''ed by ant/er 9rder denying a'' t/e Mtins t Disiss. T/e res"ndents +i'ed t/e ++> ◦ r. Mi9e @e'arde, r. )ddie @i''anue(a and )*euti(e Minister )raP Mana' moved to recon#ider t/e denia' ◦ is )inene Jaie ardina' H. !in, as9ed +r e+ten#ion to !ile memorandum ◦ &n'y r. )'i !rian "'ied it/ t/e + irst &rder by subitting /is =emorandum T/e tria' urt a =uo "ined t/at t/e endrseent + s"ei+i andidates in an e'etin t any "ub'i ++ie is a 'ear (i'atin + t/e se"aratin 'ause /e(er, it +ai'ed t in'ude a dis"siti(e "rtin in its assai'ed Deisin. T/us, @e'arde and !rian +i'ed se"arate =otion# !or Recon#ideration but it as denied . ene, t/is Petition !or Revie%. ◦ ◦
!!E)! and REHNG> ! a++irs t/e % it/ di+iatins 1.
RT and % rret'y +und t/at t/ey are nt buyers in gd +ait/ beause + t/e +at t/at Maga''anes nstruted a +ene and a ni"a /ut n t/e 't and /as been in atua' "/ysia' "ssessin sine 1=7=. . -etitiners ere aare + s/u'd<(e been aare + /er "ssessin and 'ai (er t/e 't /en t/ey (isited t/e 't n se(era' asins "rir t t/e sa'e. ?&N Nati(idad s/u'd<(e been i"'eadedB N. a. T/e "resene + absene + gd +ait/ n t/e "art + Nati(idad during t/e send sa'e in('(ing t/e 't i'' nt erase t/e bad +ait/ + -udadera. b. Nt de"ri(ed + due "ress beause t/ey /ad ""rtunity t be /eard. n +at, t/eyre t/e nes / +i'ed t/e ase + r Iuieting + Tit'e.
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Iss3es: $"oced3"al iss3e: Did t/e -etitin +r De'aratry Re'ie+ raise a ustiiab'e ntr(ersyB N Did it state a ause + atinB N Did res"ndent /a(e any 'ega' standing t +i'e t/e -etitin +r De'aratry Re'ie+B N
S3stantive iss3e: Did t#e R=C Decision confo"m to t#e fo"m and s3stance "e93i"ed 5 t#e Constit3tion) t#e la, and t#e R3les of Co3"tO No '"elevant to t#e topic( >eldHRatio: $"oced3"al iss3e: No E3sticiale cont"ove"s5 %n initiatry "'aint r "etitin +i'ed it/ t/e tria' urt s/u'd ntain a "'ain, nise and diret stateent + t/e u'tiate +ats n /i/ t/e "arty "'eading re'ies +r /is 'ai. Fet, t/e !J! -etitin stated n u'tiate +ats. !J! ere'y s"eu'ated r antii"ated it/ut +atua' rings t/at, as re'igius 'eaders, t/e "etitiner and /is :res"ndents be' /ad endrsed r t/reatened t endrse a andidate r andidates +r e'eti(e ++ies; and t/at su/ atua' r t/reatened endrseent i'' enab'e t/e t e'et en t "ub'i ++ie / u'd in turn be +re(er be/'den t t/eir 'eaders, enab'ing t/e t ntr' t/e g(ernent; and "sing a 'ear and "resent danger + serius ersin + t/e "e"'e
4inally, t/e a''eged'y 9een interest + its Ct/usands + ebers / are itiAens:ta*"ayers:registered (ters is t genera' and beynd t/e nte"'atin + t/e standards set by ur uris"rudene. Nt n'y is t/e "resued interest i"ersna' in /arater; it is 'i9eise t (ague, /ig/'y s"eu'ati(e and unertain t satis+y t/e reuireent + standing. =#e"e is No $"ope" $"oceedin0 efo"e t#e ="ial Co3"t 4irst( it/ res"et t t/e initiatry "'eading + t/e !J!. )(en a ursry "erusa' + t/e -etitin iediate'y re(ea's its grss inadeuay. t ntained n stateent + u'tiate +ats u"n /i/ t/e "etitiner re'ied +r its 'ai. urt/erre, it did nt s"ei+y t/e re'ie+ it sug/t +r t/e urt, but ere'y as9ed it t anser a / y"t/etia' uestin. Secon$ , it/ res"et t t/e tria' urt "reedings, su""sed'y, t/ere ere Cse(era' s/edu'ed settings, in /i/ t/e urt as a""rised + t/e res"eti(e "sitins + t/e "arties. !ee 'ist in t/e +ats4 T/e nature + su/ settings :: /et/er "retria' r tria' /earings :: as nt dis'sed in t/e rerds. e+re ru'ing n t/e Mtins t Disiss, t/e tria' urt issued an &rder dated May 8, 2003, direting t/e "arties t subit t/eir eranda. ssued s/rt'y t/erea+ter as ant/er &rder dated May 1#, 2003, denying a'' t/e Mtins t Disiss. %""arent'y, ntrary t t/e reuireent + !etin 2 + Ru'e 16 + t/e Ru'es + urt, t/e Mtins ere nt /eard. ?rse, t/e &rder "ur"rted'y res'(ing t/e Mtins t Disiss did nt state any reasn at a'' +r t/eir denia', in ntra(entin + !etin 3 + t/e said Ru'e 16. T/ere as nt e(en any stateent + t/e grunds re'ied u"n by t/e Mtins; u/ 'ess, + t/e 'ega' +indings and n'usins + t/e tria' urt. T/us, @e'arde, @i''anue(a and Mana' (ed +r rensideratin. -ending t/e res'utin + t/ese Mtins +r Rensideratin, @i''anue(a +i'ed a Mtin t sus"end t/e +i'ing + t/e "arties< eranda. ut instead + se"arate'y res'(ing t/e "ending Mtins +air'y and suare'y, t/e tria' urt again transgressed t/e Ru'es + urt /en it iediate'y "reeded t issue its Deisin, e(en be+re ta9'ing t/e issues raised in t/se Mtins. S3stantive Iss3e: =#e F3ndamental Re93i"ements of a Decision a"e ;issin0 T/e Constit3tion ands t/at Cn deisin s/a'' be rendered by any urt it/ut e*"ressing t/erein 'ear'y and distint'y t/e +ats and t/e 'a n /i/ it is based. N "etitin +r re(ie r tin + r rensideratin + a deisin + t/e urt s/a'' be re+used due urse r denied it/ut stating t/e basis t/ere+r. nsistent it/ t/is nstitutina' andate, Section 1 of R3le !6 of t#e R3les on Civil $"oced3"e sii'ar'y "r(ides> !e. 1. Ren$ition of +u$!ments an$ final or$ers. $ % udgent r +ina' rder deterining t/e erits + t/e ase s/a'' be in riting "ersna''y and diret'y "re"ared by t/e udge, stating 'ear'y and distint'y t/e +ats and t/e 'a n /i/ it is based, signed by /i and +i'ed it/ t/e 'er9 + urt. n t/e sae (ein, Section & of R3le 1&* of t#e R3les of Co3"t on C"iminal $"oced3"e reads as +''s> C!e. 2. 4orm an$ contents of +u$!ments. :: T/e udgent ust be ritten in t/e ++iia' 'anguage, "ersna''y and diret'y "re"ared by t/e udge and signed by /i and s/a'' ntain 'ear'y and distint'y a stateent + t/e +ats "r(ed r aditted by t/e aused and t/e 'a u"n /i/ t/e udgent is based. -ursuant t t/e nstitutin, t/is urt a's issued n January 28, 1=88, Administ"ative Ci"c3la" No. 1) "r"ting a'' udges Ct a9e "'ete +indings + +ats in t/eir deisins, and srutiniAe 'se'y t/e 'ega' as"ets + t/e ase in t/e 'ig/t + t/e e(idene "resented. T/ey s/u'd a(id t/e tendeny t genera'iAe and +r n'usins it/ut detai'ing t/e +ats +r /i/ su/ n'usins are dedued. T/e urt, t/rug/ /ie+ Justie i'ari G. Da(ide Jr. in 'ao v% Court of Appeals, disussed at 'engt/ t/e i"'iatins + t/is "r(isin and strng'y e*/rted t/us>
Cait/+u' ad/erene t t/e reuireents + !etin 1#, %rti'e @ + t/e nstitutin is indis"utab'y a "araunt "nent + due "ress and +air "'ay. t is 'i9eise deanded by t/e due "ress 'ause + t/e nstitutin. T/e "arties t a 'itigatin s/u'd be in+red + / it as deided, it/ an e*"'anatin + t/e +atua' and 'ega' reasns t/at 'ed t t/e n'usins + t/e urt. LZ T/e 'sing "arty is entit'ed t 9n /y /e 'st, s /e ay a""ea' t t/e /ig/er urt, i+ "eritted, s/u'd /e be'ie(e t/at t/e deisin s/u'd be re(ersed. % deisin t/at des nt 'ear'y and distint'y state t/e +ats and t/e 'a n /i/ it is based 'ea(es t/e "arties in t/e dar9 as t / it as rea/ed and and is "reise'y "reudiia' "reudiia' t t/e 'sing "arty, "arty, / is unab'e t "in"int t/e "ssib'e errrs + t/e urt +r re(ie by a /ig/er tribuna'. Mre t/an t/at, t/e reuireent is an assurane t t/e "arties t/at, in rea/ing udgent, t/e udge did s t/rug/ t/e "resses + 'ega' reasning. t is, t/us, a sa+eguard against t/e i"etusity + t/e udge, "re(enting "re(enting /i +r deiding deiding ipse $i-it L... n t/e "resent ase, it is star9'y b(ius t/at t/e assai'ed Deisin ntains n stateent + +ats :: u/ 'ess an assessent r ana'ysis t/ere+ :: r + t/e urt C)ndrseent + s"ei+i andidates in an e'etin t any "ub'i ++ie is a 'ear (i'atin + t/e se"aratin 'ause. T/e dis"siti(e "rtin annt be deeed t be t/e stateent uted by !J! and ebedded in t/e 'ast "aragra"/ + "age 10 + t/e assai'ed 1#:"age Deisin. + at a'', t/at stateent is ere'y an anser t a /y"t/etia' 'ega' uestin uestin and ust a "art + t/e "inin + t/e tria' urt. t des nt n'usi(e'y de'are t/e rig/ts r b'igatins4 + t/e "arties t t/e -etitin. Neit/er des it grant any :: u/ 'ess, t/e "r"er :: re'ie+ under t/e irustanes, as reuired + a dis"siti(e "rtin. ai'ure t "'y it/ t/e nstitutina' inuntin is a gra(e abuse + disretin aunting t 'a9 r e*ess + urisditin. Deisins r rders issued in are'ess disregard + t/e nstitutina' andate are a "atent nu''ity and ust be stru9 stru9 dn as (id. (id. ;acias v. ;acias G.R. No. 1-61 Septeme" !) &**! SandovalG3tie""e) . Di0est p"epa"ed 5 +a3"ence A. ;ope"a
@. %T! 1. &n ebruary ebruary 6, 2001, 2001, Judge Marian Marian Jauin Jauin !. Maias Maias +i'ed it/ it/ t/e RT RT ran/ ran/ 11 + !indangan, abanga de' Nrte, a "etitin +r de'aratin + nu''ity + /is arriage it/ Margie r"us Maias. 2. T/e !/erri++ !/erri++ e*erted e*erted earnest earnest e++rts e++rts t e++et "ersna "ersna'' ser(ie + suns suns and "'ain "'aintt t n a(ai'. ene, u"n t/e tin + Judge Maias, t/e tria' urt, n Mar/ 7, 2001, issued an rder direting t/at suns be e++eted by "ub'iatin in a nes"a"er + genera' iru'atin in abanga de' Nrte and t/e tin ities + Da"itan and Di"'g. t as indeed "ub'is/ed and iru'ated in t/e Mar/ 11 t 17 issues + Tingg -eninsu'a, a Di"'g:based nes"a"er. Margie as direted t +i'e an anser it/in 30 days +r ntie. 3. nstead nstead + +i'ing an anser anser,, res"ndent res"ndent +i'ed +i'ed a tin tin t disiss disiss n %"ri' 10, 10, 2001. Margie Margie a''eged t/at> a. T/e ause ause + + atin atin is barred barred by statute statute + + 'iitati 'iitatins ns
e(er, e(en i+ res"ndent did in +at +i'e an anser, t/e "reeding as sti'' "redura''y +'aed beause t/e res"ndent ere'y reei(ed t/e ntie + t/e /earing n May 8, 2001. %s a resu't, s/e u'd nt rea''y /a(e attended t/e May 2 and 3 /earing.
10.
eause due "ress as (i'ated, t/e "reedings are (id. %s nsistent'y /e'd in ur uris"rudene, denia' + due "ress resu'ts t nu''ity + an at. n t/e ase + Ey (. %, t/e urt /e'd t/at a deisin is (id +r 'a9 + due "ress i+, as a resu't, a "arty is de"ri(ed + t/e ""rtunity t be /eard. % (id deisin ay be assai'ed r i"ugned at any tie, diret'y r ''atera ''atera''y ''y,, by eans eans + a se"arate se"arate atin, atin, r resisting resisting su/ deisin deisin in any atin atin r "reeding /ere /ere it is in(9ed. in(9ed.
11.
$NB v. S$S. ;ARAN
2.
T/e T/e as asee in( in('( '(es es a 152 152 . . 2 "are' + 'and at uadra:!it/ !treets., Dntn, a'd ereted it/ a bui'ding by (arius tenants. T/e said 't as ang t/e "r"erties rtgaged by t/e !"uses Rd'+ and )i'ie Mntea'egre t -N as 'an seurity. a. n t/eir transati transatins, ns, t/e Mntea'e Mntea'egres gres used TT: TT:15651 1565122 "ur"rted'y "ur"rted'y registere registeredd in t/e nae + )i'ie. ?/en t/e t/e Mntea'egres Mntea'egres +ai'ed +ai'ed t "ay t/e 'an, -N initiated +re'sure "reedings n t/e rtgaged "r"erties, in'uding t/e subet 't. a. %n autin autin sa'e sa'e as /e'd /e'd n %ug. 16, 16, 1==1 in /i/ /i/ -N eerged eerged as t/e t/e /ig/est /ig/est bidder. tt as issued a erti+iate + + !a'e dated dated De. 17, <=14 <=14 /i/ as subseuent'y registered n eb. #, <=2.
12. 13.
1#.
&n Ju'y 2, 1==2, be+re be+re t/e e*"irati e*"iratin n + t/e rede"tin rede"tin "erid, "erid, t/e res"nd res"ndents ents !"uses !"uses ernard and resenia Marann +i'ed a "'aint be+re t/e RT +r nnulment o! "itle, Reconveyance and amage# against t/e Mntea'egres, -N, t/e Register + Deeds + a'd and t/e )*:&++ii -r(inia' !/eri++ + Negrs &identa'. a. T/e "'ain "'aintt a''eged a''eged t/at t/e t/e res"ndent res"ndentss are t/e true true registere registeredd ners + + t/e subet 't by (irtue + TT:12=577 /i/ as i''ega''y ane''ed by TT 156512 under t/e nae + )i'ie / used a +a'si+ied Deed + !a'e bearing t/e +rged signatures + t/e res"ndents t trans+er t/e tit'e + t/e "r"erty in /er nae. Ans,e", -N a(erred t/at it is a rtgagee in gd +ait/ and +r (a'ue and t/at its n its Ans,e", rtgage 'ien n t/e "r"erty as registered t/us (a'id and binding against t/e /'e r'd. <"de" Mar/ 12, 1==64, t/e "arties sti"u'ated t/at t/e a. %s re+ re+'e 'et ted ed in t/e t/e $"et"ial <"de" Mar/ "erid +r 'ega' 'ega' rede"tin + t/e t/e subet 't 't /as a'ready e*"ired. ?/i'e t/e tria' "reedings "reedings ere nging, ne -ateri T'ete T'ete a tenant in ne + + t/e bui'dings4 bui'dings4 de"sited /is renta' "ayents it/ t/e 'er9 + urt /i/ aunted t -1##,000 by &t. 2#, 2002. Decision in +a(r + t/e res"ndents n'uding t/at t/e Ju ne ne 2, 2 00 006 $ T/e T/e R=C rendered its Decision in sa'e as nu'' and (id and as su/, it did nt trans+er any rig/t r tit'e in 'a. -N as adudged t be a rtgagee in gd +ait/ /se 'ien n t/e subet 't ust be res"eted. a. T/is as as based n n t/e e*"ert e*"ert testiny testiny + 'ne 'ne'' Rd'+ Rd'+ asti'', asti'', ead ead + t/e rensi Te/n'gy Te/n'gy !etin + t/e -N-:a'd ity, ity, t/at t/e signatures + t/e res"ndents in t/e Deed + !a'e "resented by t/e Mntea'egres be+re t/e Register + Deeds t ause ane''atin + t/e rigina' TT ere +rged. Neit/er + t/e "arties sug/t sug/t rensideratin rensideratin + + t/e deisin r a "rtin t/ere+ t/ere+ nr did t/ey e'e(ate it +r a""e''ate re(ie. ?/at ?/at "rei"itat "rei"itated ed t/e ntr(er ntr(ersy sy at /and ere t/e t/e subseuent subseuent tins tins +i'ed +i'ed by t/e !"s. Marann +r re'ease + t/e renta' "ayents de"sited it/ t/e 'er9 + urt and "aid t -N by T'ete. T'ete. June June 13, <06 <06 $ T/e T/e !"s. !"s. Maran Marann n +i'ed +i'ed an an /"0ent ;otion fo" t#e 4it#d"a,al of t#e Deposited Rentals "raying Rentals "raying t/at t/e -1##,000 de"sit + T'ete T'ete be re'eased in t/eir +a(r +r /a(ing been adudged as t/e rea' ner + t/e 't. a. T/e RT RT granted granted t/e ti tinn in its &rder &rder dated dated June June 28, 28, 2006. 2006. !e"t. !e"t. 5, <06 $ T/e Marann Marannss again +i'ed +i'ed it/ t/e t/e RT an an /"0ent 2$a"te ;otion fo" 4it#d"a,al of Deposited Rentals "raying Rentals "raying t/at t/e -30,000 renta' +ees (ering a 5:nt/ "erid +r %ug. %ug. t De. <==4 <==4 "aid by T'ete T'ete t -N n De. 12, <== <== be re'eased re'eased in t/eir +a(r. +a(r. a. T/e RT RT granted granted t/e ti tinn in its &rder dated dated !e"t. !e"t. 8, <06 ru'ing ru'ing t/at t/at "ursuant "ursuant t its June 2, <06 Deisin de'aring t/e res"ndents as t/e true registered ners + t/e 't, t/ey are entit'ed t its +ruits. -N (ed +r rensideratin rensideratin a(erring t/at as as de'ared by t/e RT RT in its June 2, <06 Deisin, its rtgage 'ien s/u'd be arried (er t t/e ne tit'e ren(eying t/e 't t t/e s"uses. a. %nd it/ it/ t/e e*"irati e*"iratinn + t/e rede"tin rede"tin "erid "erid n eb. eb. #, <=3, a year year a+ter t/e t/e registratin + t/e erti+iate + !a'e, -N is n t/e ner + t/e subet 't, /ene, entit'ed t its +ruits. b. -rayer> 14 T/e &rder dated !e"t. !e"t. 8 [ 06 be set aside and 24 an rder be be issued direting t/e Maranns t turn (er t -N t/e -1##,000 re'eased in t/eir +a(r by t/e 'er9 + urt. N(. 20 <06 $ T/e RT RT issued an an &rder again direting direting -N t re'ease t/e -30,000 t t/e t/e Maranns. T/e MR + -N as denied in an &rder dated De. 6, [06. certiorari and man$amus 'aiing man$amus 'aiing t/at as t/e 'a+u' -N ent ent t t/e t/e % (ia a "etit "etitin in +r +r certiorari and ner + t/e subet 't "er t/e RT
Mntea'egres and nduted an ins"etin n t/e irustanes surrunding t/e trasnder t t/e Mntea'egres. Mntea'egres. 15. -N (ed +r rensideratin rensideratin but but it as denied denied by t/e % in its Res'utin Res'utin %ug. 10, <0=4. % arguing t/at t/e June 2, <06 Deisin + t/e RT 'a"sed int 16. -N ent ent t t/e t/e ! ! (ia (ia R3le % arguing +ina'ity /en it as nt a""ea'ed nr subitted +r rensideratin. ene, a'' n'usins t/erein are iutab'e and an n 'nger be di+ied by any urt in'uding t/e RT. a. T/e % /e( /e(er er errneus errneus'y 'y a'tered a'tered t/e RT RT Deisin Deisin by re(ersin re(ersingg t/e "rnuneent t/at t/at -N is a rtgagee in gd gd +ait/. b. -N +urt/er ntended ntended t/at its its rtgage 'ien as arried (er (er t t/e ne ne tit'e issued t !"uses Marann and t/us it retained t/e rig/t t +re'se t/e 't u"n nn:"ayent + t/e seured debt. . t is +urt/er +urt/er asserted asserted t/at t/at -N is entit'ed entit'ed t t/e t/e rent as it bea beaee t/e 't Ca udgent t/at /as auired T/is is 9nn as t/e doct"ine of imm3tailit5 of E3d0ments> +ina'ity bees iutab'e and una'terab'e, una'terab'e, and ay n 'nger be di+ied in any res"et e(en i+ t/e di+iatin is eant t rret errneus n'usins + +at r 'a and /et/er it i'' be ade by t/e urt /i/ rendered it r t/e /ig/est urt in t/e 'and. po 8ruit#Corporation v. C> T/e dtrine + iutabi'ity and ina'terabi'ity + a o +ina' udgent /as a t:+'d "ur"se> 14 t a(id de'ay in t/e adinistratin + ustie and t/us, t/us, "redura''y, "redura''y, t a9e rder'y t/e dis/arge dis/arge + udiia' udiia' business; and 24 t "ut an end t udiia' ntr(ersies, at t/e ris9 + asina' errrs, /i/ is "reise'y /y urts e*its. ntr(ersies annt drag n inde+inite'y. inde+inite'y. T/e rig/ts and b'igatins + e(ery 'itigant ust nt /ang in sus"ense +r an inde+inite "erid + tie. ene, as rret'y argued by -N, t/e issue n its status as a rtgagee in G /as been adudged it/ +ina'ity and it as errr +r t/e % t sti'' de'(e int, and (erturn it. T/e % /ad n t/er reurse but t u"/'d t/e status + -N as a rtgagee in gd +ait/ regard'ess + its de+ets +r t/e sa9e + aintaining stabi'ity + udiia' "rnuneents. t ust be reebered t/at /at rea/ed t/e % n certiorari ere certiorari ere RT res'utins issued 'ng a+ter t/e +ina'ity + t/e June 2, <06 Deisin, T/e RT &rders + !e"t. 8, <06 and De. 6, <06 ere i"'eents + t/e "rnuneent t/at !"uses Maranns are sti'' t/e rig/t+u' ners + t/e subet 't, a atter a's sett'ed it/ +ina'ity. T/is ntit/standing, t/e ! agrees it/ t/e u'tiate ute + t/e %
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dea''y, t/e dis"ute at /and an be si"'y res'(ed based n t/e said "rnuneent but t/e a""'iatin a""'iatin + r e'ated 'ega' "rini"'es ug/t t be 'ari+ied in rder t sett'e t/e inter(ening rig/t + -N as a rtgagee in gd +ait/>
As "e0a"ds $NB@s ein0 a mo"t0a0ee in 0ood fait# and its "i0#ts to t#e "ents T/e "rtetin a++rded t -N as a rtgagee in gd +ait/ re+ers t t/e rig/t t /a(e its rtgage 'ien arried (er and anntated n t/e ne erti+iate + tit'e issued t t/e Maranns. T/erea+ter, t/e rig/t t en+re su/ 'ien t/ru +re'sure "reedings in ase + nn:"ayent + t/e seured debt, as -N did s "ursue. T/e "rini"'e, /e(er, is nt t/e singu'ar ru'e t/at g(erns rea' estate rtgages and +re'sures attended by +raudu'ent trans+ers t t/e rtgagr. Rent, as an aessry +''s t/e "rini"a'. ?/en t/e "rini"a' "r"erty is rtgaged, t/e rtgage s/a'' in'ude a'' natura' and i(i' +ruits and i"r(eents +und t/eren /en t/e seured b'igatin bees due as "r(ided in A"t. &1&11 nseuent'y, nseuent'y, in ase + nn:"ayent + t/e seured debt, +re'sure "reedings s/a'' (er nt n'y t/e /y"t/eated "r"erty but a'' its aessins and aessries as e'' as i''ustrated in Cu >n-ieng e 0i-o# v. =abalacat Sugar Co. and Sp#. Padere# v.C. &1& is based n t/e ut t/e ru'e is nt it/ut ua'i+iatins. ua'i+iatins. Ca#tro, Jr. v. C: A"t. &1& is "resu"tin t/at t/at t/e ners/i" + aessins aessins and aessries aessries a's be'ngs be'ngs t t/e rtgagr rtgagr as t/e ner + t/e "rini"a' as it is an indis"ensab'e reuisite + a (a'id rea' estate rtgage t/at t/e rtgagr be t/e abs'ute ner + t/e enubered "r"erty. "r"erty. %bsent an ad(erse 'aiant r any e(idene t t/e ntrary, a'' aessries aessries and o aessins aessins aruing r atta/ed t t/e rtgaged "r"erty are in'uded in t/e rtgaged ntrat and ay t/us be +re'sed tget/er it/ t/e "rini"a' "r"erty in ase + nn:"ayent + t/e seured debt. r''ary, r''ary, any e(idene (ert/ring t/e "resu"tin t/at t/e rtgagr ns t/e rtgaged "r"erty "re'udes "re'udes t/e a""'iatin a""'iatin + A"t. &1&, &1&, a9ing t/e said "r(isin irre'e(ant and ina""'iab'e t rtgages rtgages and resu'tant +re'sures i+ t/e rtgagr is 'ater n +und r de'ared nt t/e true ner, as in t/is ase. t is beynd uestin t/at t/e Mntea'egres are nt t/e true ners + t/e 't u/ 'ess + t/e bui'ding /i/ "rdued "rdued t/e dis"uted dis"uted rent. T/us, T/us, t/e +re'sure +re'sure "reedings "reedings aused by t/e t/e -N u'd nt /a(e in'uded t/e bui'ding and t/e r ents it yie'ds. -N
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Article 2127. The 2127. The ortgage e8tends to the natural accessions, to the iproeents, growing growing fruits, and the rents or incoe not yet receied when the obligation obligation becoes due, and to the aount of the indenity granted or owing to the proprietor fro the insurers of the property property ortgaged, or in irtue of e8propriation e8propriation for public use, with the declarations, apli3cations and liitations established by law, whether the estate reains in the possession of the ortgagor, or it passes into the hands of a third person. #1(()
Hast'y, it is rt/ nting t/at t/e e++ets + + re'sure + t/e 't is sti'' ntentius nsidering t/at as a "ur/aser in a "ub'i sa'e, -N as substituted t and auired t/e rig/t, tit'e, interest and 'ai + t/e rtgagr t t/e "r"erty as + t/e tie + t/e 'e(y. T/ere being a +ina' udgent ren(eying t/e 't t t/e Maranns and de'aring as o nu'' and (id )i'ie
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GR N. H:30523; %"ri' 22, 1=77; %ntni J Digest "re"ared by Mara Ret
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Dtrine> utabi'ity + t/e 'a + t/e ase $ t is t/us 'ear t/at "sterir /anges in t/e dtrine + t/is urt annt retrati(e'y be a""'ied t nu''i+y a "rir +ina' ru'ing in t/e sae "reeding /ere t/e "rir adudiatin as /ad, /et/er t/e ase s/u'd be i(i' r riina' in nature
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June 27, 1=56 $ urt udgent in Ra+ae' Ding'asan, et a'. (s. Hee un Ting, et a'. o Mar/ 1=36 : H)) EN TNG and %NG % s'd t Hee Hing /inese, "redeessr:in:interest + Ding'asans4 a "are' + 'and LH&T 3=8 n rner + R*as %(enue and -a(ia !t. in a"iA n R*as ity4, a"iA +r -69 o Hee Hing nstruted a nrete bui'ding "art'y used +r /is 'uber business and as /is residene. Hee un Ting and %ng /ia ntend t/at it as a nditina' sa'e r ne it/ t/e o rig/t + re"ur/ase during t/e 'ast years + a ten:year "erid. T and % +und t/at it as an abs'ute sa'e. o Hee un Ting and %ng /ia a's ntend t/at t/e sa'e is nu'' and (id as it as ade in (i'atin + %rt. V, setin 5 + t/e nstitutin. % +und t/at t/e "ur/aser as nt aare + t/e nstitutina' "r/ibitin /i'e Hee un Ting and %ng /ia ere. o Negtiatins +r t/e sa'e ere nduted it/ t/e diret inter(entin + Judge Ra+ae' Ding'asan, at t/at tie an assistant attrney in t/e De"artent + Justie. Re"'y + Hee un Ting and %ng /ia $ sine t/e sa'e t Hee Hing is "r/ibited by t/e nsti, tit'e did nt "ass t t/e a'ien beause t/e sa'e did nt "rdue any uridia' e++et; nsti "r/ibitin is se'+:e*euting o urt said t/at sine sa'e is nu'' and (id, it des nt ean t/at t/e tit'e reained it/ t/e (endr / a's (i'ated t/e nstitutina' "r/ibitin. n -ari De'it "rini"'e a""'ies. o )(en i+ nstitutin an be in(9ed r t/e dtrine in t/e ri(en9 ase t set aside t/e sa'e, beause t/ey ere aare + t/e nstitutina' "r/ibitin, t/ey are barred +r re(ering tit'e
!ituatin is nt di++erent +r /estead s'd it/in 5 years +r and a+ter t/e issuane + "atent /estead i'' nt be returned t t/e rigina' /esteader but +r+eit /estead and return it t t/e "ub'i dain4 o !a'e urred in Mar/ 1=36, re t/an 10 years a'ready e'a"sed +r t/e tie t/e &% arued /en t/e atin as +i'ed in 1=#8 urt a''ed t/e attentin + t/e 'egis'ature t t/e absene + "'iy g(erning 'ands s'd t a'iens in (i'atin + t/e nstitutina' "r/ibitin -etitin in t/e +irst ase as denied o
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12 years 'ater, Ding'asans +i'ed "'aint n Ju'y 1, 1=68 +r re(ery + t/e 'and in O1 n t/e basis + -/i'i""ine an9ing r". ( Hui !/e Hee un Ting and %ng /ia ntend t/at t/e sa'e t Hee Hing is nu'' and (id + r (i'ating t/e nstitutina' "r/ibitin Ding'asans "rayed t be de'ared t/e rig/t+u' ners, "ssessrs be rdered t (aate and reei(e +r -69 +r restitutin + t/e "ur/ase "rie and "ay -29nt/ as daages !e"t 23, 1=68 MTD as +i'ed by Hee un Ting and %ng /ia n t/e grund + Res Judiata O1 sett'ed t/e issues4 o &""sitin t MTD as +i'ed by Ding'asans n t/e grund t/at Cne r additina' +ats r grunds + re(ery and beause + /ange + 'a r uris"rudene t/us arranting a re"ening + t/e ase o Re"'y t t/e &""sitin by registered ai' as +i'ed n &t 16, 1=68 Deisin in - ( Hui !/e "ru'gated in 1=67 annt a++et t/e "resent ase as t/s ase as a'ready +ina' in O1 ?/i'e dtrine ay be /anged +r +uture ases, it annt /ange ases a'ready sett'ed it/ +ina'ity &t 10, 1=68 $ denied MTD MR as +i'ed by Hee un Ting and %ng /ia MTD nt e(en nsidered by o o - ( Hui !/e /ad t/e e++et + annu''ing and setting aside n'y t/e ntrats subet atter t/ere+ and nt any t/er ntrat, nr ntrats utside t/e issue in udgent o N/ere in - ( Hui !/e des it a""ear any stateent t/at u'd /a(e t/e e++et + re"ening and /anging sett'ed ases MR as denied n N( =, 1=68 De 5, 1=68 $ %nser + Hee un Ting and %ng /ia !a'e ade in 1=35 "rir t "ru'gatin + t/e nsti o t as an abs'ute sa'e o o E"n "ur/ase, Hee un Ting and %ng /ia nstruted a aarin +r 'uber business and a 2 strey 5 dr aessria assessed (a'ue + -3594 /i/ ere destryed during t/e Ja"anese entry t a"iA in %"ri' 1=#2; rebui't t/e i"r(eents a+ter o Hee Hing a'ready deeased, 'ega' /eirs entered int e*traudiia' sett'eent + t/e "r"erty as ade 23 ent t %ng /ia and Hee ing as :ners and 13 ent t Hee ung Ting4 o -aid rea' estate ta*es sine 1=35 De 1#, 1=68 $ r e"'y and anser t t/e unter'ai by "'ainti++s Mar/ 31 1=6= $ &rder denying tin +r si"'i+iatin + issue and +r stri9ing ut +r t/e rerds + t/e de'aratin + Ra+ae' Ding'asan under t/e !ur(i(rs/i" Disua'i+iatin Ru'e. MR as denied -'ainti++s +i'ed a "etitin +r t/e a""intent + reei(er t reei(e, ''et and /'d in trust a'' ine + t/e "r"erty in t/e +r + nt/'y enta' &""sed by de+endants o -'ainti++s i'' nt su++er gra(e daage i+ reei(ers/i" nt granted De+endants are s'(ent
De+endants /a(e a bui'ding n t/e "are' + 'and, (a'ue + /i/ ust be nsidered be+re "'ainti++s an be aarded "ssessin rdered %tty. %nsin, De"uty 'er9 + urt as reei(er
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?N uestins deided in O1 u'd be re'itigated in 'ig/t + !
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GR No 1&-88 Deceme" !) &**& L3is3min0) .: Digest "re"ared by )+ren Resurrein
11. ?/i'e t/e a""'iatin +r atta/ent as "ending, %''ied dis(ered t/at t/e &r"eAa s"uses /ad e*euted an %bs'ute Deed + !a'e it/ %ssu"tin + rtgage in +a(r + !'idban9, in'uding t/e "r"erties rtgaged t r es"ndent. a. Allied Ban filed a complaint fo" ann3lment of t#e deed of sale. Case &7 b. %''ied a's instituted a se"arate riina' "'aint +r +raudu'ent ins'(eny against t/e s"uses. 12. Lase 1 eb 13, 1=8=, T/e RT granted t/e a""'iatin +r atta/ent, +i*ing t/e atta/ent bnd at -2,378,22#. e(er, %''ied +ai'ed t subit an atta/ent bnd and t/e ase as ar/i(ed in June 7, 1=8=. 13. %ugust 2=, 1=8= t/e 'er urt rdered t/e re(i(a' + i(i' ase 1, /'ding in abeyane %''ied Her urt dismissed Allied@s complaint on t#e 0"o3nd of litis pend entia as ase 2 "ending in t/e %4 /ad an identity + "arties and an identity + ause + atin. b. %''ied an9 a""ea'ed ase1 t t/e %. 18. Lase 1 n % % set aside t/e RT ru'ing, and rdered t/at t/e ase be reinstated. T/e ase as reanded t t/e RT. 1=. Lase 2 n % % Disissed t/e a""ea', and a++ired t/e RT deisin in toto. a. %''ied +i'ed an MR but it as denied. b. T/e CA decision s3stained t#e "3lin0 t#at '1( t#e Deed of Sale ,it# Ass3mption of ;o"t0a0e ,as valid and t/at 24 Allied@s action to "escind #ad al"ead5 p"esc"ied, and 34 t/at t#e p"omisso"5 note '$N( "elied 3pon 5 Allied ,as sp3"io3s beause it +ai'ed t addue e(idene t dis"r(e t/e 'ai + t/e &r"eAa s"uses t/at t/ey /ad "aid t/eir 'ans, and t/at t/e -N /ad n nsideratin. Iss3esHRatio: W/N oe# the C deci#ion in Ca#e $ con#titute re# -udicata a# ?bar by prior -u dgment@ in#o!ar a# Ca#e ' i# concernedA No. >o,eve") t#e"e is Concl3siveness of 3d0ment . •
T/e ! /e'd t/at t/e deisin in ase 2 ust be nsidered by t/is urt in deiding t/e ru'ing + t/e %""e''ate urt in deiding t/e (a'idity + t/e ru'ing + t/e a""e''ate urt in ase 1.
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)d nte> T/ere are 2 ases in('(ed in t/is deisin. T/e deisin arises +r a "etitin +r re(ie + t/e % deisin in ase 1. =. &n &tber 12, 1=82, %''ied an9 e*tended a 'an + -780,000 it/ interest at 22W -)R %NEM T& &r"eAa Mar9eting r" &M4 and s"uses &r"eAa. t as "ayab'e nt/'y +r -20,000 subet t a "ena'ty + 1W "er nt/ in ase + nn:"ayent. a. T seure t/is b'igatin, <;C and t#e spo3ses <"opea e2ec3ted a p"omisso"5 note in favo" of Allied Ban . urt/er, t/e s"uses e*euted a ntinuing Guaranty"re/ensi(e !urety %greeent /ere t/ey bund t/ese'(es Eointl5 and seve"all5 it/ &M t "ay said b'igatin it/ut need + deand. urt/er, a Rea' )state Mrtgage (er t/e s"uses< "r"erties as a's e*euted. 10. -etitiners de+au'ted, and %''ied +i'ed a ''etin suit it/ an application fo" a ,"it of p"elimina"5 attac#ment it/ t/e RT Da(a Case 17.
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$etitione" '<;C( a"03es: T/e deisin nstitutes res Judiata inasu/ as t/e ca3ses of action ,e"e ot# p"edicated o on t#e same p"omisso"5 note, de'ared by t/e % n ase 24 t be (id. %''ied is t/us barred +r +urt/er "rseuting ase 1. Respondent 'Allied( a"03es t#at t#e"e is no litis pendentia and a decision in one does not constit3te "es 3dicata.> o T/ere is n identity + rig/ts in t/e 2 ases. ase 2 is abut t/e %nnu'ent + a deed + sa'e it/ assu"tin + rtgage, /i'e ase 1 is abut a ''etin +r a su + ney. T/us t/ere is a dispa"it5 in t#e "i0#ts asse"ted and t#e "eliefs p"a5ed fo". T/ere is a's no identit5 of pa"ties as t/e de+endants in ase 1 is &M and t/e s"uses o &r"eAa, /i'e in ase 2, t/e de+endants are !'id G'd eria' r". ant t/e &r"eAa s"uses.
SC R3lin0: •
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T/ere is bar by prior -udgment /en, t/ere is identity + "arties, subet atter and auses + atin. T/us, t/e E3d0ment in t#e ea"lie" decided case 'Case &( constit3tes an asol3te a" to t#e second action. Judgent r deree + t/e urt + "etent urisditin n t/e erits n'udes t/e 'itigatin o beteen t/e "arties, as e'' as t/eir "ri(ies, and nstitutes a bar t a ne atin r suit in('(ing t/e sae ause + atin be+re t/e sae r any t/er tribuna'. ut, /en t/ere is identity + "arties in t/e +irst and send ases, but no identit5 of ca3ses of action) t#e fi"st E3d0ment is concl3sive onl5 as to t#ose matte"s act3all5 and di"ectl5 cont"ove"ted and dete"mined and not as to matte"s me"el5 involved t#e"ein. T/is is 9nn as
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T/e e(idene in ase 2 des nt neessari'y +r t/e e(idene needed in ase 1. T/e urt +inds t/at t/e evidence needed to s3stain t#e "espective ca3ses of action is not t#e same.
T/ere being n identity + auses + atin, but identity + "arties, t/ere is res Judiata by n'usi(eness + udgent as t atters atua''y deterined in ase 2 su/ as t/e +indings t/at 14 t/e "rissry nte re'ied u"n is s"urius, and 24 t/e 'an b';igatin + t/e &r"eAa s"uses /as been sett'ed and "aid. t /a(ing been deterined it/ +ina'ity t/at t/e debt + t/e r"eAas /as been sett'ed, %''ied
conclu#ivene## o! -udgment. •
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T/ere is res Ju$icata /en 14 t/e udgent sug/t t bar t/e ne atin is + ina', 24 t/e deisin is rendered by a urt + "etent urisditin (er t/e subet atter and "arties, 34 t/e dis"sitin + t/e ase /as t/e e++et + a udgent n t/e erits; #4 t/ere is identity + "arties, subet atter and auses + atin. n t/is ase, t/e e*istene + t/e +irst t/ree reuisites + res Judiata is nt dis"uted. T/us t/e disussin i'' +us n t/e e'eent + identity. If all t#"ee a"e identical) t#en Ja" 5 p"io" E3d0mentK applies. >o,eve" if onl5 t#e pa"ties can e s#o,n) 3t not identit5 of ca3ses of action t#en Jconcl3siveness of E3d0mentK applies. dentity + -arties: =#e"e ,as identit5 of pa"ties. o %''ied an9 as t/e "'ainti++ in bt/ i(i' ases, /i'e t/e &r"eAa s"uses ere ang t/e de+endants in bt/ ases. =#e "3le of identit5 of pa"ties does not "e93i"e asol3te) 3t onl5 s3stantial identit5 of o pa"ties Repu&lic v Planas4 L+tnte 28. T/is is su""rted by t/e ru'ing in A!uilar v
>eld: -etitin is Grannted.
Nabus (. % and Hi eb. 7, 1==1; Rega'ad -re"ared by Tbie Reynes
ats 1.
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dentity + !ubet Matter :. o Disussin is in'uded in t/e identity + auses + atin. ?/en t/ere is identity + auses + atin, t/ere is identity + subet atter, /e(er, t/e n(erse is nt true.
dentity + auses + %tin: =#e"e ,as no identit5 of ca3ses of action. % ause + atin is an at r issin + ne "arty in (i'atin + t/e 'ega' rig/t + t/e t/er o t/at auses t/e 'atter inury. t is deterined by t/e +ats a''eged. o n ase 1, %''ied a''eges t/at it is t/e fail3"e of <;C to li93idate t#ei" oli0ation t %''ied an9 /i/ aused %''ied
2.
3.
June 23, 1=65> %'bert N%E! s'd t Marian HM a "are' + 'and in Ha Trinidad, enguet. !aid 'and as "art + a bigger "are' it/ an area + 15 /a. (ered by an &T issued n Ju'y 5, 1=56 in +a(r + N%E!. a. T/e "ur/ase "rie as -258,000, /i/ as artiAed. T/e reaining ba'ane as -75,000, /i/ as ne(er "aid. . Tit'e as trans+erred t HM under a TT. c. T/e 't as 'ater subdi(ided by HM. June 8, 1=70> N%E! ++ered t re"ur/ase t/e 'and "ursuant t !e. 11= + t/e -ub'i Hand %t. a. T/e said %t grants a rig/t + re"ur/ase i+ t/e +''ing reuisites are et> 14 t/at t/e 'and as granted under a +ree "atent; 24 t/at t/e 'and as s'd it/in +i(e years +r t/e grant; and 34 t/at t/e atin +r ren(eyane as +i'ed it/in +i(e years +r t/e e*eutin + t/e deed + sa'e. . N%E! as ready and i''ing t re"ur/ase by "aying HM -183,000, t/e di++erene beteen t/e "ur/ase "rie and t/e reaining ba'ane. c. HM re+used and denied t/e ++er. June 22, 1=70> Li(i' ase O1 N%E! brug/t an atin +r ren(eyane in t/e + agui and enguet t/is is ust ne urt4, a''eging t/e ab(e:entined +ats. a. %+ter N%E! /ad rested /is ase, HM (ed t disiss n t/e grunds + 'a9 + ause + atin t/ere being n tender + t/e re"ur/ase "rie4 and "resri"tin. . T/e denied HM
e.
#.
N%E! sti'' +ai'ed +ai'ed t +i'e beause beause + t/e deat/ + /is unse'. unse'. -r"ting -r"ting t/e t disiss t/e ase it/ "reudie +r /is +ai'ure t de"sit t/e aunt, e(ining 'a9 + interest t re"ur/ase. f. N a""ea' as as ta9en +r t/e rder + disissa'. disissa'. Mar/ 15, 1=82> Li(i' ase O2 N%E! +i'ed a i(i' ase in t/e sae , 'aiing 'aiing t/at t/e +ai'ure + /is +rer unse' t +i'e an ""sitin t HM N%E! subseuent'y aended t/e "'aint t a''ege grunds +r resissin and daages. i. Resissin> eause + HM Daages> due due t t/e grss grss and and e(ident e(ident bad bad +ait/ + + HM. . HM +i'ed a tin t disiss n t/e grund t/at t/e "'aint as barred by "rir +u$icata and t/at t/e atin /as a'ready "resribed. udgent r res +u$icata and c. T/e granted HM
3.
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5.
6. ssuese'd ?N i(i' ase O2 is barred by t/e rder + disissa' in i(i' ase O1 under t/e "rini"'e + res +u$icata. +u$icata. $ N( $ N( it is not% ?N N%E!< atin +r resissin /as "resribed. $ ',S( it has%
Rati R)! JED%T% 1.
2.
-re'iin -re'iinary ary disus disussin sin n t/e t/e "rini"'e "rini"'e + res +u$icata. +u$icata. a. Res +u$icata is +u$icata is "ut n t grunds> 14 "ub'i "'iy and neessity, /i/ a9es a9es it t/e interest + t/e state t/at t/ere s/u'd be an end t 'itigatin interest reipu&licae ut sit finis litium4; litium 4; and 24 t/e /ards/i" n t/e indi(idua' t/at /e s/u'd be (e*ed tie +r t/e sae ause nemo $e&et &is ve-ari pro una et ea$em causa4. causa4. T/e "rini"'e is ebdied ebdied in !e. !e. #= b4 and 4 + + Ru'e 3= + t/e Ru'es + urt. urt. . t ebraes t di++erent ne"ts> i. ar by "rir udg udgent> ent> /ere, /ere, bete beteen en t/e 1 st ase /ere t/e udgent as rendered and t/e 2 nd ase /ere su/ udgent is in(9ed, t/ere is identity + "arties, subet atter, and ause + atin. T/e udgent is +ina' as t t/e 'ai r deand in ntr(ersy as t %NF adissib'e atter /i/ ere atua''y ++ered and ig/t /a(e been ++ered +r t/at "ur"se. ii. n'usi(eness n'usi(eness + udgent> udgent> /ere /ere t/ere is n'y identity + + "arties but t/ere is n identity + ause + atin. Judgent is n'usi(e n'y as t t/se atters atua''y and diret'y ntr(erted and deterined, and nt as t atters ere'y in('(ed t/erein. ) 'e 'e e en ts ts + res +u$icata> +u$icata> 14 "resene + a +ina' +rer udgent; 24 t/e +rer udgent as rendered by a urt /a(ing urisditin (er t/e subet atter and t/e "arties; 34 t/e +rer udgent is a udgent n t/e erits; and #4 beteen t/e 1 st and 2 nd atins, t/ere is identity + "arties, subet atter and auses + atin. a. T/e e*istene + and "'iane it/ t/e +irst t e'eents are nt dis"uted.
T/e rder rder + disissa' disissa' in i(i' i(i' ase ase O1 aunted aunted t an adudi adudiati atinn n t/e erits. erits. a. T/e rder as s"ei+ied t be it/ "reudie. . T/e rder is nt a disissa' n s/eer te/nia'ity but atua''y ges int t/e (ery substane + t/e re'ie+ sug/t by N%E!. T/ere T/ere is n identit identityy + auses auses + atin atin beteen beteen t/e t/e t i(i' i(i' ases. ases. a. T/e urt used t/e sae e(idene test in deterining /et/er t/ere as an identity + auses + atin. . i(i' ase O1 is based n "etitiner
-R)!R-T&N 1.
%tins based n ritten ntrats "resribe a+ter 10 years +r t/e tie t/e rig/t + atin arues. &. "utatin s/u'd start +r t/e date /en t/e ause + atin arues r +r t/e day t/e rig/t + t/e "'ainti++ is (i'ated by t/e de+endant
Nte> t/is ase ase as e*"'iit'y e*"'iit'y entined entined by Ma
Doct"ine> Doct"ine> %n identity + "arties and identity + rig/ts asserted and re'ie+s "rayed +r arrants a +inding + re# -udicata, resu'ting in t/e santin + t,in dismissals + dismissals + t/e t ases subet t/ere+.
• nseuent'y, nseuent'y, t/e "erati(e an nt be bund by a deisin /erein it as nt a "arty, e(en i+ it 9ne + t/e "endeny + t/e atin as e(idened by t/e "artii"atin + Nianr !ants in O14
• @ery @ery 'i9e'y t/e resu't + O1 u'd /a(e been di++erent /ad t/e "erati(e /ad a /ane t "rtet its interest. interest.
ssues !%>
• T/ere is n ay e an nsider t/e "erati(e as a "arty in interest in O1 sine it did nt stand t be "reudied r bene+ited by /ate(er ute + t/e ase and e(en t/e rig/ts and b'igatins + t/e "arties arising t/ere+r are abs'ute'y distint +r t/at + t/e "erati(e.
56 Shoul$ the Court fin$( upon consi$eration of the plea$in!s( evi$ence an$ memoran$a( that a +u$!ment may &e ren$ere$ without nee$ of a formal hearin!( the Court may $o so within fifteen 506 $ays from the su&mission of the case for $ecision%
• O1 de'ared uaAn t/e ner + t/e dis"uted "r"erty is n'y gd in s +ast as t/e de+endants in t/at ase, Mabu/ayU @i''anue(a are nerned, sine n'y t/eir rig/ts ere nerned. • )(en assuing t/at uaAn as de'ared t be t/e ner + t/e bui'ding in O1, said deisin is nt n'usi(e as t t/e tit'e r issue + ners/i". Ru'e 70.7 N 70.184 "r(ides> The +u$!ment ren$ere$ in an action for forci&le entry or $etainer shall &e effective with respect to the possession only an$ in no wise &in$ the title or affect the ownership of the lan$ or &uil$in!%> • t is a +undaenta' ru'e t/at t/e dtrine + res udiata and n'usi(eness + udgent a""'y in eetent suits, but subet t t/e ua'i+iatin t/at t/e udgent t/erein is n'usi(e n'y it/ res"et t t/e issue + ateria' "ssessin + t/e "reises but nt it/ res"et t ners/i" and t/er +ats.
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• &b(ius'y, t/e deisin adudging uaAn as t/e ner and 'a+u' "ssessr + t/e "reises annt be used as a de+ense against t/e 'ai + /erein "'ainti++:"etitiners. • irst'y, said udgent annt bind /erein "'ainti++, beause t/e de'aratin + t/e urt is n'usi(e n'y as t t/e issue + ateria' "ssessin and nt ners/i".
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• !end'y, "etitiners is nt in any ay bund by t/e ear'ier deisins, nt being a "arty in said atins.
e'd> % deisin u"/e'd. N Res Judiata. "eratin is t/e ner + t/e "r"erty. Fo3i5 AliBonda0E5 v Sa"ina A"tadi 583 -/i' 62= N GR Nuber in s+t "y4; %ugust 11, 2008; ar"i:Mra'es, J. Digest -re"ared by ans edri . !ants
