Editorial
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Del Edt l Let H* < <* ; + ; *** ++*+ =* ;** < + * (C< E*;* 86) , ++ ;*, * < *;; + ; + *; * + C< *;+ B * ; ; <** + =+ ;;= < + =*. E < * +; !<; E+<*;= + =* %** ++*+ ; ; + + < <; < +* < < + *;< B+ <; * < CD <;+ L==, E< + A A*+*+, L=+ + #, ;*. D*/ !<; ** *;++ ;+ * <; + =; + =; (* < *; M?* M?* + $99 <=; &$10 ; ) ) < + * <+ *; < +* *+ < : **;*@>*;*.*.?. C *; ; , < <** ;B ;+ < **; + *;* <, * + ;, /; /* <*/ ;, <*/ ;** *;* ; =* ;** ++ < + * (=+, *+, <;*+, <;*+, */, ;*.) *+ < ; =; <;* + *+, , * =* ;**, ; < *+ = B *< ; *;* < < +* / ++ ; ; + *;*. E ; ;<++, ;?; ;B ++*+ ; ; + B< + *, #+, L== *+ + #. % *<; < <+ +* 2 +*, < * < + * < + =* ; * =+ B*;* + *. ! , *; < ;B * ; ;* ; + ; < B <*+ 4 5 . *Ha%&a el e% #$)(i"! Bibliografía Para la realizaci!n de este texto consultamos a diferentes tcnicos especializados y a los siguientes sitios de Internet:
http://almadeherrero.blogspot.com http://gaby24bedolla.blogspot.com http://www.xatakaciencia.com http://www.xatakaciencia.com http://www.reparatumismo.org http://fallaselectronicas.blogspot.com.ar
obre loS loS 2 CD Sobre C DS y Su DeSCarga &+. +B +* + <; > 1 CD 1 'CD + +<*: Vide!% de Ma&eimie&! ) Re"a$aci+ de E#'i"!% de L*ea Blaca, (!l'me 1- Falla% C!me&ada% e Ref$ige$ad!$e%, La(a(ajilla% ) Secad!$a% de R!"a- < *; C<, '+, %<;, G< + #*
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Editorial
Servicio Técnico a Equipos de Línea Blanca
2
SErvicio Técnico a EquipoS DE LínEa BLanca Tomo 2
Sumario Capítulo 1: FunCionamiento, mantenimien antenimiento to y RepaRaCión de ReFRigeRado eFRigeRadoRes Res y neveRas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 I,$##(: I,$##(:,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 U, P# $% H((! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 F,#(,!+(%, $% , R%&('%!$ R%&('%!$ H%*!$%! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 E/%+! $%* F,#(,!+(%, $% *! B+"! $% C!* $% ,! H%*!$%! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 R%&('%!,% R%&('%!,% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 C!'! $% G! %, , R%&('%!$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 T!!+(%, $% *! T"%! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 C% $%* T" $% C"% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 D"*!$ $%* T" $% C"% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 A"#!$!$ $%* T" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 M$ $% R%!!#(:, R%!!#(:, $% , R%&('%!$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Capítulo 2: FunCionamiento, mantenimien antenimiento to y RepaRaCión de lavavajillas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 I,$##(: I,$##(:,, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 E* L!!!)(**! L!!!)(**! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 P'!+! $% , L!!!)(**! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 R%+%, G%,%!* $% * P'!+! P'!+! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 C,##(:, F,#(,!+(%, $% , L!!!)(**! . . . . . . . . . . . .29 S(%+! $% L!!$ #, B+"% I,$%%,$(%,% . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 S(%+! $% L!!$ L!!$ #, B+"! %(#!* %(#!* D"*% . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 B+"! $% D%!';% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 B+"! D"*% $% D((#(:, %(#!* %(#!* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 L! F,#(:, $% P*(:, $% *! B+"! D"*% D"*% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 L! B+"! $% D%!';% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 L M% $% *! B+"! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 **! E*%#+!',(#! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 A/!-S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 E* S(%+! E*#(# $% L*%,!$ $% A'! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 L*%,!$ %, F,#(:, $%* N(%* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 L*%,!$ %, F,#(:, $%* T(%+ T(%+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 L*%,!$ %, F,#(:, $% *! C!,($!$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 I,$(#!#(:, $% N%#%($!$ $% $% R%#!'! $% S!* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 M$ $% R%!!#(:, $% , L!!!)(**! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 F!**! T(#! %, L!!!)(**! M$%, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 T%+! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 R%* $% *! P*!#! P*!#! E*%#:,(# E*%#:,(#!! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 L! P*!#! E*%#:,(#! $% C,* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 E* P'!+!$ P'!+!$ E*%#+%#, E*%#+%#,(# (# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Sumario
L! S,$! S,$! NTC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 D((, T( $% R%(%,#(! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Capítulo 3: FunCionamie unCionamiento nto y mantenimient antenimiento o de seCadoR eCadoRas as de Ropa. Falla allass y soluCiones Comentadas . . . . . . . . . . .51 I,$##(:, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 S(%+! $% S%#!$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 S%#!$ P S!*($! $% A(% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 S%#!$ C,$%,!#(:, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 L!!$! < S%#!$! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 C,($%!#(,% S"% S"% *! I,!*!#(:, $%* S%#!! . . . . . . . . .54 M!,%,(+(%, B(# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 D%!+% $% ,! S%#!$! S%#!$! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 F!**! S*#(,% C+%,!$! %, S%#!$! L!!$! L!!$! < S%#!$! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Faa 1: E (e&!#'(a(# 'a(a cada 30 !i")(#' + 'e # debe &ea&!a& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Faa 2: A"(e' de acaba& e $&#ce'# de 'ecad# $i(a + %)eda" %)eda" d#' )ce' i"(e&!i(e i"(e&!i(e"(e' "(e' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Faa 3: La 'ecad#&a c#!ie"a a f)"ci#"a& + a (ie!$# 'e $a&a i"dica"d# e&&#& de fi(&# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Faa 4: A $#"e& e" !a&cha a 'ecad#&a e" c)a%)ie& $&#g&a!a f)"ci#"a )"#' !i")(#' + 'e $a&a, $a&$adea"d# a ) de de$/'i(# de$/'i(# de ag)a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Faa 5: L)eg# de )"#' !i")(#' a 'ecad#&a deja de f)"ci#"a& e"ce"di"d#'e *a&ia' )ce' e" f#&!a i"(e&!i(e"(e + )eg# %)eda"d# fija a ) de de$/'i(# de ag)a . . . . . . . . . . .60 Faa 6: La 'ecad#&a 'e de(ie"e c#" a aa&!a de i!$ia& de$/'i(# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Faa 7: Reaia )" $&#ce'# e&&-(ic# + a (e&!i"a&, a &#$a 'ig)e h!eda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Faa 8: E (a!b#& (a!b#& "# gi&a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Faa 9: N# fi"aia e $&#g&a!a de 'ecad# . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Faa 10: La 'ecad#&a deja de f)"ci#"a& a $#c# (ie!$# de c)a%)ie& $&#g&a!a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 De'c&i$ci/" de a Paca Eec(&/"ica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
apéndiCe: Cómo se miden iden los los Componentes Con el multímetRo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 C:+ M%$( R%(%,#(! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 P%"! $% P%,#(:+% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 M%$(#(:, $% C!!#(% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 P%"! $% A**!+(%, B"(,! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
C a p+ t u lo 1
F uncionamiento, m antenimiento y R epaRación
de
R eFRigeRadoRes y
n eveRas
Los eqipos qe tenemos en nestra cocina para conser!ar los alimentos reciben distintos nombres seg*n la regin en qe se encentre #, como sabemos, Saber Electrnica se distrib#e en toda Am&rica ra$n por la cal en este manal tili$aremos los t&rminos: heladera, ne!era, frigor'fico o refrigerador para hacer referencia a estos eqipos. La heladera qe tenemos en nestras cocinas es na m%qina frigor'fica qe act*a mediante la compresin de n gas de bajo pnto de e!aporacin. El objeto de esta m%qina frigor'fica es transportar el calor desde s interior hasta el espacio e"te- rior, con el fin de mantener fr'os los alimentos qe conser!amos dentro. El refrigerador hogareo dis- pone de n circito cerrado formado por dos sistemas de tbos condctores de gas a alta presin llamados serpentinas (tambi&n serpientes o serpentines), n compresor de implsin, na !%l!la de e"pansin # n conjnto de tber'as qe nen todos los elementos. Uno de los serpentines se encentra sitado en el interior del frigor'fico # se lo llama e!aporador # el otro se sit*a en la parte e"terna # posterior del frigor'fico # se lo llama condensador. En este manal e"plicamos el fnciona- miento de na heladera # brindamos informacin para poder reali$ar s mantenimiento # reparacin.
Ca!*%&l 1
Se#'ici t)cnic a E"&i!$ de l*nea Banca IntroduccIón
Fig#a 1
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Se#'ici t)cnic a E"&i!$ de l*nea Banca ?> >?=@K , =@ @= ?? A?=?, = <@ 1987 > = "=? M?= = =>?== @> >?> @>?>.
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l*$: E =+ * *+ + = * < ? + < < < 70C. D< * >< < ? ++ < =@, < * ? . a!&$ #(&"$: E * *> +* * =+. D< + + <*++ + < <* < <+ = * + < + =+. E * + *+ + + *< + + =+ *, = < + < + *< + <*++ <+ + =. E < * + *+ +, < < +<@* < * ** < ** * = += *. P = , < < *< + =+ <* + **<*. C + +*, * + + =+, + + **<* ? + * + < + + + +. " <+ +* * < *+ + + * =+ ? *+. $ * + < @+ =* < <** * ? * **<* < <+ + =+. Cap(#$lo 2
Se!%icio t'cnico a E$ipo" de l(nea Banca
2 Figura 4
a!&$: E *+ G + * + =+; + < +< <*. E * = * < ( 50 ? 70 C), < < < ++ * += < *< + < < <+ *+. E < 4 + = + + + =+ . D < < =+ * + *+ < * < = <* = < . E < + + <* + *+ < *< * ? <+ *< < *< ? <. E < + < =* < +<* + <. Cap(#$lo 2
s$: L = *++ + * + *+ < *< + < < += <+ +H <+ =-
Figura 5
la" M&$ina" la%a%ajia" Resumen geneRal de los pRogRamas L *< < == + + < + + =+ < +++ + + = + + + <*++ + . L +* ** + + =+, < < < =+ ? *+, + ** ? +<* + + . E < 5 <+ * < + + . L * + , += + +**, ? + +, =*+ < *< + ? +<*+ *+ = + *<.
constRucci0n y Funcionamiento de un lavavajillas
Figura 6
E *+ > < * + * + <* + ** + =+ >*+, *<* = <<:
s'(" l*$ $# B$"b$ i#%##( A < ** < ** <, >* <* + < + =+ * ++. O=, @ + *, < + *< + ** * ? + < < ** <+ * + * * < *** CD < * . N< == = Cap(#$lo 2
Se!%icio t'cnico a E$ipo" de l(nea Banca = + + @ Figura 7 + < + * . $ + <+ < * + *** + =, ? , <. A+, * + * < ? +< < + < *G * < +<* + *, * + * < 6 ( + =+ * ++). E +* < +* < : 1- D'% ' 2- F * 3- F + 4- B%< % 5- B%< % * 6- M % &&% 7- B&% %+ 8- B&% ''%' 9- !' &&%
L @ ? ++ < *G ++ + @ + = < ** <. + **<* (8) * + * < + =+ * + ? + @ * <@ + @ (4 ? 5). L **+ @ + < +<* * + * + * < * @ + * + < (* + ). E < <+ =<= * + ? ++ + <= * , + **. A + < < < < + < *+ * , Cap(#$lo 2
2
= < +
s'(" l*$ $# B$"b v&(! d$b! E < 7 < < == < <@ < <++ + + <, + +* =*, *< < + + *+ * + +H. A+, <++ + = ? *+ + +**** *<+ *+ *, + + ? ==< + *. E *< + + = + * < <* + + @. L * + + + : 12345-
B&% &. M. I'%&% . $=% '. D % 6 F.
E * + <* + + **<* <: + **<* <* <+ < < **< *+. L + + < * + +* +, ++ * +** + . L
la" M&$ina" la%a%ajia" < < * + <. D+ * + , + + * ++ ? + **, < + =+ @ = + * + ? + <.
BomBa de desag,e Figura 8
** + ?* + **<* + , * < < 8, < < +: 1- " % %% % &%. 2- C%'%% %. 3- !%' ('%) .
E <, < + =+ < *< @ + @+ * > * + <@ * Figura 9
Figura 10
E * + <* + + +H <: + +H, + +* ++, <* G ** + **< *+. E *, * ? < < < < 9, < + < : 1234-
E%% %+%. A% . C%'%% % &&%. #%% '.
P + + < + < = *+ * < + *, < <+ ? *@+ +H. E < + =+ *@ ** + = + *+<* + +, ? ** + < * +H = + + *, ?* ++ + + * + .
BomBa doBle de disposici0n veRtical L + + +* =* ** + < G* . L < + < ? + +H = + + + . A + = +< < **, + < *<, * < < 10, < +* < : 123-
#&% . #&% %+. E .
Cap(#$lo 2
Se!%icio t'cnico a E$ipo" de l(nea Banca 4- A%' ''%'. 5- A%' %+. 6- !%' ''%'. 7- C &%< %. 8- C%% %% % &&% %+. 9- "'' &% % &&% %+.
2
Figura 11
E + + + <* + < + +H, ? ++@ <* * = * .
l f)## p&$%)!'# ! B$"b d$b! E + + < + + * +*. E < 11 <+ = < = * < + *<+ <* + <, < +* <: 1- D % (). 2- A%' % %+. 3- O*' %%'.
A + < +, + + * @<+ (+H) + + < <* + , + = < + ** = ? + < *<+ < ? < *++ + < <. P = *=, +< +H, * + = = + < * + *. L * +<* + + * * @<+, *<+ *<=+ * + *. C **, **< = + * + * ? * + + <, + < @* + < ? < * <+ +, ++ < +++. LA BOMBA DE DE"AgE E + + K* , ? < + + Cap(#$lo 2
, * @<+, * < < 12. E +* += + +* <: Figura 12
la" M&$ina" la%a%ajia" 1- C%% %%. 2- " % (%+). 3- A%. 4- A%' % . 5- O*' %%'.
E * + <* + + * * + *<+ + <+ * . E < , +< +H , >+, =*++ < <, + < * * ? *+<* * +. D< * * +*, * +<* + < * < *+ + +H, < =* + + * + * + + +H. E @* * <+ < <+ * , ++ < < @* + +++ < < ** + +H. E <* + < ? +H + + < < + 4 <+ + +<*, * . " , * + < <.
los motoRes de las BomBas P * <* + < + + +* = Figura 13
* <@ * + * = + *++ + + <. P + +H ++ <@ + . L *<+ + : B&% : 60 % 80 . B&% %+: 14 (' % %% %' % 1 ).
v.lvula electRomagn+tica L + + < < < = + < ==< **. L ==< ** ? * ** **. L K** + < + + + +<* *+<* + ==< = + < * + **. C ** +**+, ==< *+ (= < 13). L * + ==<, *<+ *+, <: 1- E'=. 2- ! %. 3- A%% %'%%. 4- M&%% % =% ' %%. 5- O*' . 6- O*' '%'.
% < 14 ==< *<+ *< , +*: 1- E'=. 2- ! %. 3- A%% ' . 4- M&%% % =% ' . 5- O*' . 6- O*' '%'.
E * + , +< * Cap(#$lo 2
Se!%icio t'cnico a E$ipo" de l(nea Banca * + = + + ==< * ? + . E * + ** * < + + + +<* + < < * + ==<. E *+* <+ + <. C ** >*+, ==< , * = < 14. C ** >*+, +< +@ =*+ ** + ? * = + . E *+*, + < < = + * + ** <+ *@ + + ==< = + * =. L < * < * , ? ==< . L ==< ** + == **+ *<+ + 1,2 10 <, +++ + + + < = ++.
aqua-stop E A<-" < + <++ < = + < ++ + <. " * < < <, + + +H, A<-" * <* + + <. E A<-" < + + * + = + ==. E *< < ==< *+ + + ? + <++, +< + < ** ? + * + + + < + <. $ < + *+<** + < + < ** ** * + + + + <, <+ + + + *<. E < + *+<** + < + < = + <: < + + + <, < + +H, + * + ==< *Cap(#$lo 2
2
Figura 14
* ? < + * < = + ==< + <++ * + = + <++. P , + + + ? +< < *< (*<) **+ < +. E < 15 <+ = * + <++ A<-" < + = <:
Figura 15
la" M&$ina" la%a%ajia" 1- $=% '&%% % ; +%. 2- M%+% ''' %+% *+%. 3- M%+% %% %+%. 4- M%+% %+. 5- L% '. 6- M%+% %. 7- C=%% +%. 8- F%. 9- M'. 10- B&% %+.
E * + <* + <++ <+ +<* **, + +; <*, = + * + = + <++. Figura 16
1C" e& la f!ci! elc'%ica de &eg%i- dad?
E < +++ ++ *<< + + *++ + , * + + + + <, + ==< * < + +, *+<*+ < + < + <. E + *G *<+ + + + *@ < ++ =, =*+ ** + *< < +** ==< ** + = + + <, <+ + + <. 1C" e& la f!ci! !e'ica de &eg- %idad?
E **, + * = + + <, ** < ==< *+ + + ? + <++. L ==< + + + **, * < <* * < * + +* + ==<. % < 16 ==< *+ + + ? <++. L * + +* < <: 12345-
M%+% %+. M%+% %% %+%. M%+% %+% *+%. M%+% %. L% >''% '.
E *+* ==< + <++ * <*. C * + ==< **, * + < ? * +<* = + < * + **, * ?<+ + + + + +<* + <. E *< + ==< + + * + + < +. E + +<* *< < +< * < ? < + ==<. L * + + < ** <*, ? * < < *
Se!%icio t'cnico a E$ipo" de l(nea Banca L * **+ * + + + <++ = + < < + . E *+* , ==< *< *+. L +< ** * + , ? + * + =. E ** + ==< + <++ + = < 17, < *: 12345678910-
$=% %. $=% +%. ! %. A%%. M&%% % =%. O*' '%'. M&%% / '=%% . I= %. C %. O*' .
Figura 17
Figura 18
" *<< @, = + < ==, < , + * + = + <++, +< < ++ =, + * + ? < + + + * * + + . E *+* +<* + + * + *, * < < 18 ( +** < <*+ < 17). L +< < * * =, ** + , ? *. E <* +<* ** + , =, *, + * + ** + . L * + ==<, ? < + <. A , =* + = + =+ ? + <++ + < <@ <+ + = + < (+* + ), < * < *
Bomba de desagüe
2
la" M&$ina" la%a%ajia" Figura 19
*+ ** + < *<+ + + * + + (< 20). C * * + * ==< + +, ? < + + <. E < + *<* <+ =+ = + = + + <. P < + , * + *> + ? = < + <*.
el sistema el+ctRico de llenado de agua
? < *<+ * ** + . L = **+ * * + = + < < + . L < 19 < <+ + = + < *+* + <* + E < + = + < * + +<* < < + + < <
P < *++ + < + + = < <+ * + <* + = + <, + + + ? + *<+ + <+. A *<* +* = *+ < + .
l!#$ # F)## ! n*! E , = + < < *@ + < = + + < <+ + = < +** ==< + + + < *<+ *@ < ++ < <. l!#$ # F)## ! t"%$ E + + < <* + @ < *<+ + < = *+, + < + + ++ + + == .
Figura 20
l!#$ # F)## ! c#( E + < < < *++ + < +*<+ *< * = + + +<*+, + + <* + *++ + < < ==. L *++ + < * <* + < + * + + , + ++ * + + + <, < + < ** + ** + =Cap(#$lo 2
Se!%icio t'cnico a E$ipo" de l(nea Banca = ? *@+ *< ? * (< 21). E < + + = + ==< A<-" ? = *+ + = + ?* + <*. ' * < +, + *+ * * + + <, *<+ , @ =* <* = + =+ + <** (*+ * -2- < 21) + * + <+ *< + =+. P *@ =*+ +<* +*> + ==< + + = + *< **+ *. E *+* < +<* =*+ * + * + +, < +<* < <= + + < <. E * =* * + * + < + <, < *+ < *++ + < + 4,8 *+ + =+. L < 21 < * < * + =+, + +*:
2
Figura 21
1- #%;' %*'% &. 2- E% '' % '=%% %% %%. 3- B%%'. 4- M'. 5- C=%% +%. 6- N +%. 7- $=% +%' / '%%.
E ?* + <* + + + < + + < + == *<+ +<* * *+<** + <. C < + + +H *< D%g& *+ ==. E * + +, + < < = + ?* + <* *+<* * + * + **. C ==< + * *+, < <+ + <, <, *, * *. Cap(#$lo 2
1C" e& el P%"ce&" de I!g%e&" de Aga de Rege!e%aci!?
D< * + *, ==< + * * . M+ < + * + +<@ + < * =* + =+ + <** + * + -
la" M&$ina" la%a%ajia" Figura 22
Figura 23
22) < *< ? *@ *+ + , =, ? <*+ * ** ? ** * + + + =+. E < +, < * **< + <= = + *+ + ? * + + + =+ < = >. A *<*, * ? ><, *++ + < + =<= <* = + =+ + <** (*+ * -2- < 22) * * + , ++ ++ <.
indicaci0n de necesidad de RecaRga de sal L *++ + * + * < +* + < ** **. $ + + +** ** = + < +, * <+ = < 23, < +* < : *. D * < *++ + < + * < + + +<@ < <. L *++ + < < + * + *, ++ + + + +<@,
1234-
#%% %. $%% &%'. D' @%. F%.
E + ** ** + <* , +*+, , Cap(#$lo 2
Se!%icio t'cnico a E$ipo" de l(nea Banca
2
+ + *** + . " +* + @* =, * * . O ** + +** + *++ + . E += *+ = +< + * + + + , + < < < 24, < +*: 12345-
L%. L=% '%'. B%%'. !%% '%'. F%.
A * , = + = ** * ? K+ <++ =. E *+*, + * <+ + +. " *+, * <+ ? + <+ *+. E **<*, + +** <= * + * < + < *+* * *++ + . " * = + +** + *++ + * . E ** + +**, + = = + < . E < 25 + = < ** + +** + + , ++:
Figura 24
* ** + + ? , *, ** <* + < + +** +< + + + ==. P = + * + *< * + + , , $+. <+ +* CD: K"=* #** E< L== < *, < + ? *, =+ + * ? + < ** * < *** (= 1). Figura 25
1- F% ' = %. 2- C%' > (> &% >').
A *** + , + +*+, * * +
Oreóstato
Cap(#$lo 2
la" M&$ina" la%a%ajia"
Método de RepaRación de un L avavajiLLas
$
+ *< + < == + * + < @ *< >* = < <*. E < == * + < < **+ ( 45 ? 65, G **+) < <* * <* + <, ** =+, * += + ? *+, < * <: 1: " % =% '% %+% % +% % % %% ''%%, + %+% ; %% ' % % %+% + % % %- % ''%%. 2: E % % %&% % +%%, %% % %% *%, % % %+% % %% ''%% +%% ( '% % ' = *''% =% = 5 %@). 3: E % %% '% % *%% % % '%' % ().
L < +*+ * 3
Figura 26
* < ? < +*, ? * < + + + <* , +<* +< =+, ** + <. L * (1) ? (2) , , == *** < + < < * ** + +?, * + + <+ ***. E * == *@ =+, + + 3 + < < + + =@ ? < **<+ <. # <+ *< < = + ++ < <. E < 26 + = < + ***, < < *< + + =, * >+* <*++ >*=. H% '%% %+% % % %%?
" < **, + < ? * < + <, + + 40 + *. E < 27 < *** < < *< + < <, +** <: Cap(#$lo 2
Se!%icio t'cnico a E$ipo" de l(nea Banca
2
Figura 27
1 I ON/OFF - I *- ' ''% - L%% D'%. 2 C P% (' ' % '%%). 3 P+%% - <%.
E * + *< (* 3) < == *< * *+ **. E < <+ += *<* ( + * +?) G * ? H++ + <, <++ * + + * LED < (+*+ ), <+ < +? + 2 3 + ? LED <; <+ < LCD, + +.
+ + < + < 20 <, ? PI#A, + < *+ + ? ( < , *+ + <+ E02 E2). E < +? *++ + LED + + (<+ < + , < LED ** + *). E < 28 + = +** +? + < < * . C<+ < +?, *++ + + ? + + LED < < +*+ + , : 6 + % %% 3 +- ; % 6 .
Falla t/pica en lavavajillas modeRnos E == *@ =+ ? + < < + < <+ Cap(#$lo 2
Figura 28
la" M&$ina" la%a%ajia" L ** F < * ? (*+ + * ? ). A < =@, < < + *** < + *** + + + * +*+. E == + * +? , * %'%' % %'% ''% "% N#C
Figura 29
6 '% - , % %% ; 6 %.
E * + + < < *<+ +< ? + < < < 40C, <+ =*+ < **< + * + <. " < * ? = < =, <+ < < **< + *. 1Q #a&"& &e debe! &egi%?
" < + < ++ ++ < ? = < < , + < **< + * + < *< : !'% #% C' F%
# *< < + < + +*<+, < + *< ++ , #>, <, *<, @ + + <, ++ ? *<@, *. #+ < @ ** * * < * + *. < + <, < <+ < , * < . L ** @ * + *<++ + *, ** < + ++ + , < + ** F < < * ? =* < =. E * + < * 300, + = 30 ? 150, +++ * ? + + <. " *< < = , * < * < *< 10, *. E * + @. E < 29 + = * @ Cap(#$lo 2
Se!%icio t'cnico a E$ipo" de l(nea Banca +*. P+ * < +=* , * < * + * + * < < = *<< + < ? **@ * * + <. " = , * < @ @+ +=, < + * + + = **+. # *< < * <+ + ? < * Figura 30 > =, * ? < +. L * + * 3: !'% '%% %&%, *' '% '% ' - '%% (%+ %% ' '%). !'% %% % %%. E% *%% %' %% *'% % % ; '% % '% - % ; % '%'%<% ='%. !'% '%% ; %%, % % '% %.
teRmostatos E < = 2 ? 3 , 2 < * (< * ? < <> * , < @ <* + + ** + <++) ? + <, < 30. E G * < + *Cap(#$lo 2
2
* * <+ < + < < . $ < < < *, < + * ** < +* < < < ** . # < * ** * <+ +, + + < *@ < + + + , ** **, ++ + **++. C<+ , =<= * **, + <= + * * *, = <, < < =@ < +, *< , + < <+ *+. L = < + * ? < < * , @+ < + ++ +. # < > *+ * ? ,
la" M&$ina" la%a%ajia"
Fig ura ur a 31 Figu Fi gura ra
*< ** ** F, < 31. E * <+ < < + , = < *@+ + * @ + <, ? < ++ = + < ? * *<+ + <. N <
Rel+ de la placa electR0nica C<+ + < < + * *+ **, * < <+ < + < < + + ++ + *, + * < * < ++< +*<, ++ = + <, = + * + ? < *. #+ <+ +<*
< *= , <++ ++ **, + < ***<. " , = + +* , ? < = < <+. " , = *, < <+ * * * ( +, <* ).
la placa elec lectR0 tR0nic nica a de contRol E * + == ? = ? *<+ ** <+ . D = ++< * <+, < 33. # < * * < * < = + >** < < =@ *.
el pRogRamadoR electRomec.nico Fig ur ura a 32
E L==
Se!%icio t'cnico a E$ipo" de l(nea Banca
2
*** < + *+ **. " < *< + , < * > >+ , < < <* 110% 220% ? = @+ = + , < *= < + = < < ** < **, < 34. L + + < : !% '='% % +%%. P&% ' (&% >'- ' '=') D+% +%% D+% % % F%% '%' >'' "'% '%
Fig ur ura a 33
L ** ** <+ K*@ + *> +*<.
la sonda ntc E * *+ + =* < + <, +<*+ = + *+ < ><. E < = + * < +
Fig ur ura a 34
distintos tip ipo os de Resistencia "G * ? + + == + * = < Fig ur ura a 35
la" M&$ina" la%a%ajia" Fi gura Figu ra 36
*<. L * = = + + < < + (<), * < + L ? + + < < + 1 * + + >+, + < + < . L * KOC$L#A" < <* + <, + + *+ ? , < = <+ + <, + + +*. E < 36 = < + + * < *< =. ' < 37 < ++ = + < * , * 27 J.
nota: L * =,
Fig ur ura a 37
< * >+ <+ * +* ? ++ + < *, , <, + =+, + ? > < * >+*, Fig ur ura a 38 ? +* >+, +++, + +=* . L * *<, <++ + <, >, < < ? < ** *+. E < 38 + = < * *<, <+ < == (* + < *<) ? < 39 Cap(#$lo 2
Se!%icio t'cnico a E$ipo" de l(nea Banca
2 Figura 39
< < * << ? < + < * * <** + *. E + + == * * OC$L#A, **+ * ? + @ **, ? < + ( * +
Cap(#$lo 2
+ ? * **+ * + +* + <). E + + == * * %I"#A + <, **+ + + + <, < + < *, .
C a p' p 't ulo u lo 3
Fncionamiento
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mantenimiento
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FallaS " SolcioneS comentadaS La ecad$'a de '$%a $# e&*i%$ &*e, haa hace %$c$ ie"%$, #$ e'a# "* e#ida e# c*e#a a !a h$'a de e!egi' !$ e&*i%$ de !1#ea b!a#ca &*e deb1a# e#e'e e# *# h$ga'. La c$#dici$#e c!i"a$!3gica, *"ada a! %$c$ e%aci$ eie#e e# de%a'a"e#$ a !a baa e# !$ c$$ de e$ e&*i%$, ha# hech$ &*e e# !$ 4!i"$ a2$ haa c'e- cid$ !a de"a#da. O'a 'a3# %a'a !a e!ecci3# de e$ e&*i%$ e &*e e 'aa de *# %'$- ce$ de "a$' higie#e, a! #$ i#f!*i' e# !a '$%a !a %$!*ci3# a"$f0'ica, #$ ha &*e e#- de' !a '$%a. Eie# e# e! "e'cad$ di+e'$ "$de!$ de%e#die#d$ de * i%$ de f*#ci$- #a"ie#$, SECADORAS DE EVACUACI5N (C$# *b$ de a!ida de ai'e ca!ie#e) SECA- DORAS DE CONDENSACI5N (Si# *b$ de a!ida de ai'e c$# de%3i$ de ag*a %e!*- a) SECADORAS DE EVACUACI5N DE CARGA SUPERIOR. E# ee ca%1*!$ +e'e"$ c3"$ f*#ci$#a *#a ecad$'a c*/!e $# !a fa!!a "/ c$"*#e &*e *e!e# %'$d*- ci'e. Vide$ de 'e%a'aci3# "/ fa!!a c$# $!*ci$#e c$"e#ada %*ede e#c$#'a' e# e! CD &*e ac$"%a2a a ea $b'a. Cap&"#lo 3
Se$icio t%cnico a Eq#ipo! de l&nea Banca
2
introdccin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
Cap&"#lo 3
Figura 1
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SiStemaS de Secado E > <@> >=> =, @= >>? J @, > >?@ > =?> >:
la! Secadoa! de Ropa P "#$"= #$+ $ P +# #$ $.
Secado por Salida de aire E = ? > @ >? ?= > ?=G> > => ?= =@> = @ ?=, > =? = J, ? > >= = @= 2.
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la!adoraS SecadoraS
Figura 2
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Secado por condenSacin E>? >>? > 3 >@>>?> ?>:
Figura 3
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Cap&"#lo 3
Se$icio t%cnico a Eq#ipo! de l&nea Banca $= = == @ =, > ? @? <@ @? G?= = > @ = <@ = >. A ?=G> ?=> > >??? =>>? = = >@?, ><@ G>?. > > >==> > @ >>? >@= <@ <@ @=? @=? =>. > ?=>??> >@= >@= @ ?=?@= @ > ? <@ > <@ =.
conSideracioneS Sobre la inStalacin del SecarropaS C@ > >?= @ >==> = ? > = =?, <@ ?= ?@ > <@ @ = ?= ?@, @= 4, @ ? @<@= > ?==. E>? ?=?? $&#HIBID# = ?@ > > >, > > @>?> >J>. >?J >=> = >J =<@= @ > ?==. $== = =?. E>?> <@> ? > @= @ > >L, @ > @ J>? <@ @ <@.
mantenimiento bSico D> ?@J @> >=> <@, =, > ?> @? = > @>@=> <@ > ?G> = <@ = @ >= ?G.
2
Figura 4
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deSarme de na Secadora D>@G> => > @> ( @ == <@ >), >?= ? ?=>= >= = ?=?= =@= <@ >? =@, > == @ ?? =? (=>), ?== @>>, => > =?> J>, ?> <@ = > ==. E @= 5 > = ? >=?
Fi!'$: L/ $+ + #$ /$+- #$/ #$ "# $"#. I#e'ca"biad$': L/ $+ $"!# #$ "+ $&+- $$. De%3i$ de Ag*a: V" $+ #$/= #$ & "# $ ++$.
Cap&"#lo 3
Figura 5
la! Secadoa! de Ropa
Figura 6 Figura 7
Figura 8
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Figura 9
Cap&"#lo 3
Se$icio t%cnico a Eq#ipo! de l&nea Banca
2
Figura 11
Figura 10
Figura 12
C @ ==, >>? G?= @ >==> > @ > =J = @ 90% > > > >@J > >@?:
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Cap&"#lo 3
"/! "! $+ "#$# #$+ . S + $ $/$9 &, #$!$ "/! $+ "' #$ + /$ ($ $+"$ "$$ + "5"= "$"), + "## #$ + $ + /$$" #$ $= #$ $# (110V = 220V) $ $+ . L$& #$!$ "/- ! + "## #$ + !!# #$+ ( $ $ ++$& $++ + $= #$ $#. E 5$- < /$#$ /#" + $# / !$ "+$$ #$ + $$".
Sa!a e! dife'e#cia! de !a +i+ie#da: C# $ "$ ' #$5"= #$ #$ + /+ . T$$ $ #$"$"# $+$- $ ' +"+9 $+ $ #$5,
la! Secadoa! de Ropa
Figura 13
/$#$ $/$9 / + $$" $ + $ $+$ ++.
Gi'a de%aci$ %'$d*ce '*id$: S$+$ #$!$$ #$&$ #$+ /$ #$+ ! $+ "$$ $$ $ +.
Fallas
Le+a#a e"%e'a*'a haa e a%aga: P$#$ $ #$!# #$+ ! #$ +# #$ $ $ $+$ "# " 5 ++ $ $/$"$ #$ " #$ /+", $ "+- $$ !+$. E+ $"$ #$/$#$ #$ + " #$+ #$ + $"#.
y soluciones comentadas en
secadoras
y lavadoras -
F#((# 1: E ?=>?? >? 30 @?> > === S+(/$'* c+)&*##: E = > =>?J @ =->= B 860. E ?=>?? >? 30 @?> =?. E == @=, @ P>?Q @ ?=>?? > ===, <@ @= @ > == = <@ @> . E>? <@ > 3 ?=>??> (@= 14) @ ?G =? =? = >= ==<@ ?= (@= 15)
secadoras
@<@, =, > ? @>? ?. *> > 3 ?=>??>, 2 > >= (> <@ >? @?>), <@ @ > = > == ? ?J. E ?=> <@> > 3 ?=>??> >? >=> @=J 2+1. == =>= > > ?== @? > >? > @> <@ > ?=> ?J > => >=> > >@ ? = @ ?G = > ?= >? => = . Cap&"#lo 3
Se$icio t%cnico a Eq#ipo! de l&nea Banca
Figura 14
@ == >? > ?=>??>, = ? <@ = ?= >@> ?=> @ @??= > =>>? = = >@ =>>?, @ = ?=>?? @ @? >? == >@ J. > ?=>??> ? = ?=?@=> >@==> > 80 =>, @ == ?=?@= @ ?=J?= ?? ( > <@ @??=). E <@ <@ ? , = <@J =>@? = = ? @>> >??> @? ?J ( >).
F#((# 2:
A?> = => > ? <@ > @> ?=??>. S+(/$'* c+)&*##: H ? ?@ <@ @= @ ? @ = @. ?=? @ <@ B
2
Figura 15
C928, @= 16. F@ >? @ @? <@ ?= =G> > @> P>Q P> ==Q, >, = @ ?=?@= >= @. E = >? >>? J @, @= 17, ?= >? @ @> = @ @?. J <@J =>@?.
F#((# 3: >= @= ? > = === ?=. S+(/$'* c+)&*##: E = > =>?J @ >= B> 6400, @ = @= ?= @=? @> 30 @?> @ @ === ?=, G> @ @ = = >. == <@ > @ = ?= @=? ?= = <@ >? =? == >= = = ?@J. Figura 17
Figura 16
Cap&"#lo 3
la! Secadoa! de Ropa Figura 18
Figura 19
$>?==? > J =>>? > C (@= 18) = <@ >? =?. @> = ?== >>=, >> ?= > @ @> > @J =G <@ = > =? ?= ( =? ?=>= ?= > = >? ). @ =? <@ J ?J > <@ >? >@?. C>@? @> >=, ?=G <@ = ?= @ ?@ G>? ? <@ >?= >= @?. C<@G @ @ >>= ?= @ ? @= ?=>=? @G @= = @? <@J =>@?.
F#((# 4: A = = >=
@ > =?=J ?= @>> > J >>= > ?= =>@?>.
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Cap&"#lo 3
Se$icio t%cnico a Eq#ipo! de l&nea Banca
2
Figura 22
Figura 21
F#((# 5:
@ @> @?> >= @= G> => @> = ?=?? @ <@ @ J>? @. S+(/$'* c+)&*##: ?=? @ >= > ?46590. >>J > , >? = >@, @= 23. =J >@?: D$$ #$ + /$ /$. D$$ #$+ /$+ 9$# ($&> $ #$ $$ + $"#). E + /$ $ #$ $$ +#, $ $"$ + !! #$ "'$ " ++ , $ $ #$"$" # "$$. D ? @, >? ??? @> = @ >? <@ <@ @ @=. J @?, > =J >= = <@J =>@?.
F#((# 6:
>= > ? P=Q = J>?. S+(/$'* c+)&*##: E >? > > ?=? @ >= > E46-3F (7 ) <@ > ? = ">?= J>?" @ J>? =? >? . = >? = >= <@ > > > ?==> = = >? = <@ @ = ? >@.
Cap&"#lo 3
Figura 23
Figura 24
la! Secadoa! de Ropa Figura 25
$= = >? >? ? == <@?> ?= <@= <@, ? >?=> @= 24. E =? == @= > @ >== @= >? , <@?> @=? >? > ?=> @? >?= @= 25. A =?== > <@ ? > Figura 27
Figura 26
@ >== = >@ >?? (@= 26), >= ?, ?= ? @ > . E J>? @ > >? > <@ >@ ?> > =?>, ? > @ >== @= 27. >? >@ @ @>? . $= @>> <@ ?=> = = > =?> (@= 28) > = =?? , <@ @? ? @>?= @= 29.
F#((# 7:
& @ => ==? ?==, = >@ . S+(/$'* c+)&*##: E = > =>?J @ >= B&AD EE762K >J >@? : @ > == 90 @?> @=J @ @> 10 @?>, >? >> > 80 @?>, ?>, ? 47 @?>, ? 5 @?> >@G> >
Figura 28
Figura 29
Cap&"#lo 3
Se$icio t%cnico a Eq#ipo! de l&nea Banca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
Cap&"#lo 3
2 Figura 30
>?> => ?= ?=J = = @= <@ >? >, <@> J @ >? >>?. ?=, = ?>J = (110* J 220*), ? @ =? @=? 20 >@> =? <@ = >> > >= ?== >>= @ =>J ?== > == ?>G=. E>? @ = > = >>= >=. E = =>@?? > =? ?=J? @ > =@ = ?=? ? <@ @? == = = ">". $= J @ =, @ ?= >? ?, @ @ @ ?. E = >> @ = >>= >-
la! Secadoa! de Ropa @ @ = <@ > = >>= @ (=?=). A= > ?==?= > >, = > <@ <@ >@ @, @? =@. D>@G> @> @?> @?, = >> > ? > >? >@ @. E = >> > =? ==. >J @ > ==> @ =. E>? >J > = = =?== ?=J >= == = @ > =?> @=> > <@ > = @J J @>@=. E =? <@ ?= >@> ?G> >= @ >?= <@ =?
== > ?= @ ==?? ?@= ?>? @J > =?> ?>. C > ?=? @ == >?>, <@ > >@= > == =@> > >>=> ?@=> == <@ > >> <@ > ?=J > > @ >=. E @>?= > => <@ >>= @ ?= > 5* ?=J (>J = 2,7*) =J = @ > =J == J@ ?, @= 32. C == <@ > ?=? @ =@>? >?> (= 80 J=>) =J = @ > ? <@ == @ @J @>? ?> == ?. => = <@J =>@?.
Figura 31
Cap&"#lo 3
Se$icio t%cnico a Eq#ipo! de l&nea Banca F#((# 8:
E ?= = S+(/$'* c+)&*##: E ? > =>?J @ >= B&; @ > ?= J == ?=, >= ?, > @ ?= = =. C@ @== > G>?, == = > =>= >= ?= <@ > = @=, = > =, ?= = >@ ==<@. $> == @ ?= . E @>?= > > @ =. C>@? ?G> >= B=@, > == == > ==>, <@ > >?? = > >. > = <@ @ > ? = = > > 6 (> = >), ?== @ >= > 9 = , > ?> >= 6 ? > > =? >>? > ==> =<@ ? >= ?=. E @>?= > > ==> = >?= . $=> ?> == > > ?=. J ? 7 >, @= 33:
U#$: $; D$ 'e: + "!$; C*a'$ ci#c$: + !! #$+ ; Sei iee: + $$ #$+ . $> @ >= 4 ?> ( = > @ ?= ?=>?=) >@ >=J 0,47MF. $= == ?= > ?= =?= >??= >=, = : @? ?= 3 4, ?>J = (110* J 220*) ?= 2 5. D= == . ?> @ =@= ?>J @ @>= = == > = . E @>?= > =@ @ ==?. > ?G> B&, => >=?= === <@ > @ AK# , > >, > @ > =>. A> <@ >J <@ @ <@ =@ ?= >? >?=
Cap&"#lo 3
2 Figura 32
Figura 33
@= ?==. & @ >J ?, ?=> @ => <@ = ?= >@=> =>, @= 34, > =>> = <@J =>@?. Figura 34
la! Secadoa! de Ropa Figura 35
Figura 36
F#((# 9: == >. S+(/$'* c+)&*##: ?=? @ >= E> 3>-6, @ @=? @ @ =? @ > =. @ ? = = ? >. $== > <@ = >>= @, <@ > @> >> <@ =? ==, <@ > > <@? ? >@== =?, ? > @ >== @= 35. H> @ ?>? = == >@ @? ( ?= ) @? = ==?. @ >>G <@ >= >>= @, = , => > > = , ??, >@G> @= @ =? <@ > = ? @ @ >. * = , = > @?> > >. @ = >, ?= = >, == ? 20' > J > <@ ?=J >. D <@ @ <@ >= = @, <@ > >>= @ ==?? = ?=J <@ = >? > (> >= >). IG == 7 (@ ??>) > 25' > =J, >?@ = >>= @??= = <@ = G ?= ==. $> @ = >= >@ =, = <@ >? >@, <@ > @ > ??, = >J ?= = >
Figura 37
Figura 38
Cap&"#lo 3
Se$icio t%cnico a Eq#ipo! de l&nea Banca <@ >@ =, @ = =O =>@?J >= <@ PJQ @= =>>?, = >? =. *=<@G ?=>??, @= 36, @ @>= ?J = <@ =? ?, @ , > =>>?> (>J ?) > ?. E ? @= 36 > @ = > > ?=>??>, @ == ?= >@= = > ==. C > ?=? @ >= @J, > = @>= == ?=J, =? >@== ( >), @= 37. A === @>=, =>>? J @= = = = >@. <@ > @ ?== ?=>??, = ?=, ?= @=?, ? > @>?= @= 38. A = >? G, > ?=> <@ > =>>? = (@= 39). @?> ?=>??, => , ??, >? . => = <@J =>@?.
F#((# 10: >= @= ? @<@= ==. S+(/$'* c+)&*##: > =>?J @ >= F= 1F-6CE, = == "1", >= @= > > @?> @ > = = @??. >? @ ">>= @" "J@ @", @= 40. E = = > "C >=" J D&000527. E>? > ?=? @ ?, @= 41, @ = > = <@ ?? >= ?= > === >= @ ?=. E>? > > > => ? >@== >=. E ? >= (2 > >?>, 2 > >, 3 ?=> ?= ?). E> @ == ?G @ >?=. A > > ?G > =? <@ > =? == >? >>= @ > >=> >J: Cap&"#lo 3
2 Figura 39
Figura 40
Figura 41
1) C+" $+ $/ #$ M"' $ /- "= O (/#). 2) I+ $$" #$ 270* $$ + $+$ #$ + $"!++. 3) S$+$"" P& N? 6. 4) P+ $/ "' $&#$$ /+ + $"+ S. A > 45 >@>, > ED = > <@ ?=??: PE &>@? =@ > <@ >>= >? @ >?Q. > 45 >@> === ?= >= ?=: PE =>@? =@ > <@ >>= >? >?Q.
Las Secadoras de Ropa
Descripción De la placa electrónica Figura 42
'
Figura 43
+ / += +<+= / +@+<+= =/+<+= / <+ = @/+= / A<+ L+>+ / / > >/ /= %+=? /= < / ?/ /=> /+ + /+< + >+/< /?= ?/ + /=> ?/<+ / /< / +<+>+. != / + >+/< ? /? %+=? / A13$3, ?<+ 42, ?/ //+. E=>+= +@+<+=, / ?+> + =? /=>?<+, = ? ?/+= + >+</>+ //><+, /= +=>+>/ +/. % ++/= / =<>+< / = <?<= ><++. #=// ? =+ //>< @+<= <<++=, >+> +<+ / +@+ / =/+ + /> / ?//>+ ?/ /++ >/= + + ++ //><+
/ + ?+ (+<+ / >?@= ?/ /=+<+<+, =?/ = +== += / / +?+ / =/<@ >). E + ?<+ 44 >//= + +<>/ M>//>/N / + ++ //><+ / + +@+<+ =/+<+, /= / ?/ ?/ </=+ + <+ /@+ / + + + />++ / >/+ / + >+</>+ +<+ += +/< ?+< = >. E + ?<+ =/ /=>++ += =?/>/= +<>/=: 1 - Rec/#g*!$ a"a'i!!$, $# !$ %*!ad$'e $ b$$#e'a. 2 - Rec/#g*!$ a*!, e e! IC (ci'c*i$ i#e- g'ad$) i#+e'$'. 3 - Rec/#g*!$ '$$, e e! IC "ic'$%'$cead$'.
%?/ + /=< / + ++ +, / + ?<+ 45 /= +<+<, ?/ /= / /+<+ / /@+< + + / ==>/+ /<+>@ / + +@+<+ =/+<+ + ?/ /@+ + =/+ + > + +<>/ ?+ / + ?+, /= /<, ?/ = +== =?/<= / + <<++ / ?+/> ?/ =/ +/ + ><+@= / = ?=+/<+. E /=>/ += =/ ><+>+ / ? />/ / + +<+ &%HIBA >// + +><?+ W#H46! (/ </ Figura 44 /+ J+/=+).
Cap!tulo 3
Servicio Tcnico a Equipos de L!nea Blanca
Figura 45
E + ?<+ 46 >//= / IC KID65003A#, /= / ?/ / ++ + ?+ =/+ = ?/<>/ +<+ ?/ +>@/ + = ><+ ?/ <</ @>+/= + >= = ==>@=. E=>/ <?> >/<+ /=, />/=, / <@/< Figu ra 47
Cap!tulo 3
2
Figura 46
/ >/+ ?/ =// 7 <?>= +<<+ ><+==>. L+ //<+ /><+ < / >/+ (/+= / + ?<+ 47). E + ?<+ 48 /= =/+<+ / 4 +<>/= + />++ / >/+ / + >+</>+ +: Fig ur a 48
Las Secadoras de Ropa Fig ura 50
Fig ura 49
1 - E! 'ec/#g*!$ #eg'$ #$ "*e'a !a %a'e de !a f*e#e de a!i"e#aci# de !a a'ea, e !a ea%a de 'ed*cci# de +$!ae, a &*e e#'a !a e#i# de 'ed de 100V 220VAC e ge#e'a# 12V. 2 - E! 'ec/#g*!$ '$$ i#c!*e !$ d$ 'iac &*e da# "$+i"ie#$ a! "$$' %'i#ci%a! (e *a# 2 %$'- &*e $# !$ &*e %'$+$ca# a"b$ "$+i"ie#$ de! "$$'). 3 4 - L$ 'ec/#g*!$ +e'de a*! c$#ie#e# !$ 'iac &*e a!i"e#a# a !a b$"ba de ag*a a !a +/!+*!a de e#'ada de ag*a f'a ca!ie#e. L+ ?<+ 49 ?/=><+ / />+/ / ><+=<+< / /< (+<+ < / ?+<+ ++<, /+ ++<+), // =+/<, /=>/ ==>@ /= / /+<+ / +/ / /+ / 110 220AC + 12AC + ?/ = = Figura 52
Figura 51
=>@= / + >+</>+ ?+ 5DC 12 @+/>/. D//= ++<+< ?/ /=>+ >+</>+ @// =?/<+ / //= ?/ <>+< / => ?/ + >//, +<+ / ?=+= ?+ ?+ + +/>+= +<+ /< /+< + = ?=+/ / ++, / += ?<+= 50 51 =><+= /=>/ </=. L+ + / = =>>= <<++= =//+= / / +/ / >< + + ?/=><+ + ?<+ 52 (/+ +<+ M2N). L+ /+ =?<+ (+? M1N), = ?/=><+ / IC ++< / >/= / >/<+/= / 5DC. E ? @/</ (3) //<<+ + + +<+ / = ?=+/=
Cap!tulo 3
Servicio Tcnico a Equipos de L!nea Blanca ?/ // =/< <+= +<+ /< +/< ? >/=>/ + + >+</>+. L= =/=+ + + ++ / >< + ><+@= / /><+ / + ?<+ 53. D= />/= = = /+<+= / <<+< + <+ / /=>+ / + ?/<>+ (= /=> +/<>+ /<<++) / @/ / +?+. % +/+/>/ /=>+ +/ < @/< ?/ = ?=+/<+= + ?/< <+= +<+ =? =>?<+ ++ + ?/ / /=>/ /? ?/< 3 / /=>= />/= = ?/ /=>++ ++= >/<>/>/=. E + ?<+ 54 >//= = /<+ =<@/ +<+ /+</= + / @+ ++ +/, + ?/ / += +@+<+= %+=? =/ //+ =/= <? /= ?+: 1 - Cab!e ce!ee, e e! e#ca'gad$ de 'ae' !a i#f$'"aci# &*e !a %*e'a e/ abie'a $ ce''ada, a &*e c*a#d$ e#ga# *# e''$' de %*e'a di'a#e a ee cab!e. 2 - Cab!e "$'ad$ (+i$!ea), e e! #egai+$ %a'a %$!a'ia' a !a a'ea $ chi% &*e +ie#e de#'$ de! #i+e! de ag*a (%'ea$). 3 - Cab!e #a'a#a, $# !$ 5VDC &*e +a a a!i"e#a' e! chi% de #i+e! de ag*a, a"bi# +a a! SW (i#e''*%- $') de %*e'a, ea i#f$'"aci# de! SW de %*e'a 'e$'#a hacia !a a'ea %$' e! cab!e ce!ee. 4 - Cab!e '$ad$ ('$a), ee cab!e e e! &*e 'ae !a ea! dede e! #i+e! de ag*a %a'a &*e i#di&*e a! "ic'$- %'$cead$' haa d$#de debe !!e#a' e! ag*a a"bi# e %a'a &*e dee'- "i#e i #$ ie#e ag*a e#'e a ce#- 'if*gad$. E + +/ / + ?<+ 55 =-
Cap!tulo 3
2 Figura 53
Figura 54
Figura 55
Las Secadoras de Ropa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
Figura 56
><+= / =/=< / @/ / +?+, >+ >//= ? />< ?/ @// / + +<>/ / +><=, /<+ / =/=< / @/ / +?+. E + ?<+ 56 =><+= / % / ?/<>+ / + 16 =? /. E /=>+ ?+ / +<>?+<, =??=/ ?/ / </+ /<+ + ?=+< / /?@?; >++ >+ /=+=>+= ?/ +> /><.
Las Secadoras de Ropa
a pénDice: cómo se miDen los componentes con el multímetro
L
= //><=>+=, ?//= ?<+>/ ? >/ /<+ = /+<+= / + /= / //><+ /?/><+ + ?>/>< (>=>/<) >+ ? => / ?=+< / + ?/ // >/<+< + / / +?/< + = ?/ >// + +?+ / => =N, // / @+< / / =+ +=?/ ?/ =+ /= + /+ <+. L= ?/ /=>+= / //><+ M=+/=N ?/ + /+ ?/ +<<+ ? ?>/>< >+ =/+, = = /=>+= / ? => / / ++ ++. ?= >=, ?=, />/ <+/= /<</>< >+ < <++. E= < /= ?/ %IE#$E +=/+= ?/ +/>< ++ = / =/ =?/ ++ / +=+= / ?+>/ ++ ? /=?/< =+ ? => / /=>+= +<+>/<=>+=. E /=>/ ++<>+ /+= /< +?= />/= +=@=, ? //> +<+ ?//= =// <+/= />= / //><+. A+<+= ?/ ?/ //== ?/ /=>/ >/+ =/ /=+<<+ />+/>/ / ? / = CD= ?/ '. ?// /=+<+< <+>?>+/>/.
Cómo medir resistenCias #+<+ /=>+ ? / => >// ?+ ?/>/ / >/= >?+ / 1,5 (+ / +<) ? >< @+<, +<+ //<+< ?+ <</>/ ? @+< ///< / + /+ / <?>, ?/ =/< /+ < + +. E + ?<+ 1 =/ ?/=><+ / <?> / => /><. %/ + /<+ "+?=>/ / /><".
%/ ?=+ + /=++ =?/<<, ?/ / / //+ /+= / +>, ?+ =+ /< ? <><?> />/<+/= / =>, /=> + ?/ + /+ />++ />/<+/>/ + />< /= ?+ / /=>+= /=, < >+> + +?+ // +<+< 0O. #+<+ / =/ @+<+ / >//>< " +?=>" -/ =-, +=>+ ?/ + +?+, =/ ??/ ?=> / / "0"; / /=/ />, /=>+< <?+ < + + / =>, + <</>/ / // + /+ /=++. C?+ =/ />+ += ?>+= / < $, + <</>/ < / +@+/>< =?< / ?+ << ?/ /// / @+< / $; / + ?/ + /=++ / /+ +?/>/ / =/> ><+< + / <</>/. #+<+ /< > @+<, /=>/ 2 3 <+= / + +<+ / = /><= +<+= / + =?/>/ +/<+: 1, 10, 100 1. % + +@/ =//><+ /=> / " 1", / @+< / =/< +/>/ / O; = /=> / " 10", //= ?>+< / @+< / < 10 +<+ >//< / @+< < / O; = /=> / " 1", + />?<+ + = + / @+< < / /+ / O. #?// =?//< ?/ + +<+< / /><, + +?+ /?/ + /<; / /=/ +=, /= //=+< /< + >/= / + +, <?/ ?// /=>+< +=>++, = =/ /= / +=, / </+ ?// //<=/ + + + + ? />/
Figura 1
Cap!tulo 3
Servicio Tcnico a Equipos de L!nea Blanca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
Cap!tulo 3
2
Figura 2
R = Lec*'a Ra#g$ = R = Va!$' de! 'ei$' = R = 15 10 = 150 % '. />< >+, / / =+ =/ ?/=><+ +/>/ / @+< / / <+ ?/ //< /<+ / + />?<+ / + /=++N >+ >// ?/ ?>+< + />?<+ < / <+. E=> =+ ?/ /= = =/?< /< /+= ? ?>/>< >+ (/ ?= / @+< / =/< = /+>). % / @+< / < /<+ / ?/ + / / / ?/ =/ + =++, = /= ?/ =/ + <<+ / Figura 3
Las Secadoras de Ropa Figura 4
/ / /=> / + /=>+. L= / "=/ ++ /+= ? //@++= + />/<<+<=/.
Prueba de PoteCiómetros % //>/ /+, /= /<, =/ // + /=++ +/?++ / / ?>/>< / +?/< + /+ / >//>< (< //, ? >//>< / 10O // =/< / / $ 100; >< / 50O // /<=/ / $ 1), =/ +/ / +?=>/ "/< " =/ / = /> >/<+/= =; = >+< += >/<+/= += +=. E= +=/+/ >//< ? ?/ / +/= +<+ / ?>/>< = < / += ?-
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igura 6
Figura 5
Cap!tulo 3
Servicio Tcnico a Equipos de L!nea Blanca
2
+ /+ / ?<=< / />+. !<+/>/, = >//><= / += /<+/= / /+ + ?/ += +/>+= ?/ ==>// + >++ <>+-=>+ =/ ?/<+ ++, +/=, + =>+ =?/<< / ?=. Figura 7
mediCión de CaPaCitores C /=>/ ?+ <+ @+</+ / ++>+ + =+/< = = == /=> / <><?>. +/>++= < / ?>/>< / = / = $ 1 =/ ?// =+/< = / ++>< /=> / <><?> =/ ?/=><+ + ?<+ 8. % / ++>< =// /+ >+ =+ ?/ / />/ =// <+= //=@+= /=> / <><?>. G//<+/>/ /=>+ + /= =?/>/ +<+ =/<+< ?/ / ++>< /=> / ?/ /=>+ /< / + += <+ ?<<< ?/ / ///> /=>?@/<+ "+/<>", <+ ?<<< ?/ ? >/<+ / / >/<< / ++>< /<+ >+> + ++. #+<+ <+< =/?<+ / /=>+ / ++>< / ?= /< =? @+<, =/ ?// +@/<?+< =? @+< //+ / <?> / + ?<+ 9. #+<+ /< / @+< / + +++ =/ // =/?< = +== ?/ /+= + >?+: 1) A<+ / <?> =/ / + >/= 1 =/ + +>+. 2) %/ +?+ + <</>/ < / < ?/ =/< + =+ ?/ +><+@/=+ + ++>< < /=>+< += ///>= / =/</:
V V1 i = ––––––– = –––––– = i2 10k 3) %/ / + >/= 2 =/ +>+. 4) %/ +?+ + ++ ++>@+ / />/ / /:
Cap!tulo 3
Figura 8 Figura 9
V2 Xc = –––––– = i 5) %/ +?+ / @+< / + +++ / ++>< = @+/=:
1 C = –––––––––––––– Xc . 6,28 . f L+ + 60H +<+ , +<+ ><= +=/= =/< + </ + + <+, + ?/ / ><+=<+< =/ />+ + + <+. C /=>/ > ?// /<=/ ++>
Las Secadoras de Ropa Figura 11
Figura 10 Figura 12
+= /< @+//<=/ / ?/>+ + /+ ?/ =// / ?>/>< ?=+ @>/>< ?+ =/ //>+ + /. #+<+ /< +++/= +<+<, =/ // =?< / @+< / $ + 1O ?/ += <+< ++>+ ?= 10F =// =/+ +<+ / + ?/ + / +>/<+. L= ++><>= ?// /<=/ +/>/ / ?>/>< ?>+ />< + ?/ / <?> /?@+/>/ / ?>/>< <+ ? ++>< />/<+/= / ? ?>/><, ?/+ <+ ? <?> $C ?/ +< ?/ / />/ =/ +<?/ ?+ =>+>/ / >/ ++ < =? +++ + /+ >/<+ / ?>/><. #< >+> + +?+ //+< < /> ?/ /=//< +=>+ "/<" + ?/ / ++>< /=> +<+ >>+/>/, +<+ / ?>/ / +<++ / + ?<+ 11. E >/ ?/ >+<+ + +?+ / /=//<
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
Prueba de arrollamientos y bobinas '+ + ?><, /= ? ?>< +<<+ / <+ / /=<+= =/, />. #=// ?+= ++/= =/<: "+ / ><"
Cap!tulo 3
Servicio Tcnico a Equipos de L!nea Blanca / ?/>/= / +/>+, += / +>/+, += ?/ + + <+=<+. %? /+ /><+ /= ++, <+ < + ?+ + +/< + / / ?>/>< = =/ // /< +?= >+ =/ ?/=><+ / + ?<+ 13. % =/ / / <><?> +?+ /=<+ <+ =/< />/>++ / ?>/><, + ?/ / => =/?<+ +?=+ ?+ ++ /+. #< >+>, + / / += / ?>/>< =/ >+ + =+/< = / ///> /=> +/<> , /= /<, = / + ?+< / + + =/ + <>+ / +/. #< <+/= / +/>+/> //=@ ++ +=+ ?// /<=/ / <><?> ?+ @+<+= /=<+= / ///>, ?+ /+ >+ =+ / + ?/ ?+ /=<+ / <> /= ? + /</> +<+ += <</>/= +>+=, < ?+ / ?>< =/ <>+< ? +/. H+ ?= <?>= ?/ /<>/ />/>+< /=<+= / <><?> +?+= =/ +=+ / / < / +< + ///> + + / ? =+< /+>/ ? ++/> "+>"; = + + /=> / <><?>, < = ?/ / /+ =/ ?+ >/=, <?+< <</>/ , Figura 15
Cap!tulo 3
2
Figura 13
Figura 14
< >+>, ?>+< //<+ / =+< ?+ =/?< =+. % + ?+ /=<+ / <><?>, + >/= ?+ +< ?/ <?/ ?+ <</>/ ?/ ?>+< //<+ / <?> =?/ + +>? / =+< +=>+ +/ /=++= <?>= =// ? => ?/
Las Secadoras de Ropa
Figura 16
?+ =? / + =/+ / =+< +<+ +< ?/ + + =// /=<+= / <><?>. % + + /=> /, />/= + =+ =/ +>/< /@/=/ / >< +<. E / <?> + // / + ?<+ 14, +>/= / +< + + + />< +< ?+ + ?/ /=>+< / +?/< + +>? / + =/+ //<++ < / =+<, = + + + // /=<+= / <><?>, =?< + +>? / + =/+ <?=/ ?+ ++ / + +?+ / @>/><. L+ => <?/=> =/ ?/=><+ / + ?<+ 15. #?// =><+=<+< + L1, L2 L* =/ / -
/>< +< ?/ =+ ( /= <>+>/). #?// ?=+< +++ ?/ >/ / ? ><+=<+< +, =/< /=> /><, L1 // =/< / 300 @?/>+=, L2 / 150 @?/>+= L / 100 @?/>+=. #+<+ ++< +< ?// =?< + +>+ / @?/>+= / = 3 += + + >+. ' ><+=<+< /= ? +/>/ < // = ><+=<+<+=<+<+=<+/</+, ><+=<+, />. < ?/ =? <+=<+< =// /=<+= / <><?> / => // =/< = =/=/ + ?/ + =/+ //<++ < / =+<-/< =/<+ >+ /@/>/. E //<+, ?+ /=>/ /=<+= / <>, + >//<+>?<+ ?/ +?// /= //@++ ?/ / ? >/ / /=>+< ?+ / @+, < >+>, = +/>+ /+=+ /= <?/ + /=<+= / <><?>. &+ // <+<=/ + +=+ / ><+=<+<, +<+ / =/ / + /+ />
Cap!tulo 3
