UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE CAMPECHE
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA LIC. EN ING. CIVIL Y ADMINISTRACIÓN
CLASIFICACIÓN DE CIMENTACIONES CUARTO SEMESTRE – PRIMER PARCIAL
ALUMNO: CHULIN COH JORGE LUIS DOCENTE: IGN. MAURICIO ROMÁN QUEN AVILÉS FECHA DE ENTREGA: 04 DE FEBRERO DE 204
TABL T ABLA A DE CON CONTENI TENIDO DO RESUMEN ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
INTRODUCCIÓN-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 DESARROLLO----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 !. C"#$%&'(")% (*%($+&*. 2.! C"#$%&'("*%$, -"$(&', * ,/+$"("'1$,. 2.! C"(1)+$',. 2.2! '+'&', '+'&', '",1'-',. '+'&', (*"-',. '+'&', (*#3"%'-',. 2.!L*,', -$ ("#$%&'(")%. 2.4!E#+'"11'-*,. .! C"#$%&'("*%$, ,$#"+*/%-',. • • •
.! P*5*, -$ ("#$%&'(")% * ('",,*%, 4.! C"#$%&'("*%$, -"$(&', * +*/%-',. 4.! S/,&"&/(")%. 4.2!. F1*&'(")% 4.2! P"1*&$,. D$ +/%&'. D$ "((")%. M"6&*,. 4.! P"1', 7 ("1"%-*,.
CONCLUSIÓN------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 BIBLIOGRAFIA---------------------------------------------------------------------------11
RESUMEN
2
U% $-""("* $,&8 (*%*#'-* +* -*, +'&$, +"%("+'1$,: 1' ,/+$$,&/(&/' 7 1' ,/3$,&/(&/'. L' ,/+$$,&/(&/'9 $% $1 (',* -$ 1*, $-""("*,9 $, '/$11' +'&$ -$ 1' $,&/(&/' /$ $,&8 *#'-' +* 1*,',9 &'3$,9 #/*,9 (*1/#%',9 $&(. L' ,/3$,&/(&/' $, 1' +'&$ -$ 1' $,&/(&/' /$ ,";$ +'' &'%,#"&" 1', ('<', -$ =,&' '1 ,/$1* -$ ("#$%&'(")%. L' ("#$%&'(")% $, 1' +'&$ $,&/(&/'1 -$1 $-""("*9 $%('<'-' -$ &',#"&" 1', ('<', '1 &$$%*9 $1 (/'1 $, $1 >%"(* $1$#$%&* /$ %* +*-$#*, $1$<"9 +* 1* /$ 1' ("#$%&'(")% 1' $'1"5'#*, $% /%(")% -$1 #",#*. L*, ("#"$%&*, +* &'%&* ,$8% +* 1* <$%$'1 +"$5', -$ ;*1/#$% (*%,"-$'31$ (*% $,+$(&* '1 ;*1/#$% -$ 1', +"$5', -$ 1' $,&/(&/'9 $% 1' #'7*?' -$ 1', *3', $,&$ ,/$1$ ,$ #'7* /$ 1', +"$5',. E, "#+*&'%&$ &$%$ $% (/$%&' $1 &"+* -$ ,/$1* $% $1 /$ ;'#*, ' (*%,&/" 7' /$ -$ $,&* -$+$%-$ $1 &"+* -$ ("#"$%&* '-$(/'-* +'' 1' *3' ' (*%,&/". E6",&$% -"$$%&$, &"+*, -$ ("#$%&'(")% 1', (/'1$, ,$ +/$-$% (1',""(' -$ 1' ,"
INTRODUCCIÓN L*, ("#"$%&*, /$<'% /% +'+$1 #/7 "#+*&'%&$ -$%&* -$ 1' $-""('(")% 7' /$ =,&*, ,*% 1*, /$ -",&"3/7$% 1', ('<', -$ 1' $,&/(&/' '("' $1 ,/$1*9 -$ &'1 #'%$' /$ $1 ,/$1* 3
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
DESARROLLO
4
1-.Cimentación concepto. L' ("#$%&'(")% -$ /%' (*%,&/((")% $, 1' +'&$ #8, "#+*&'%&$ +'' 11$;' ' ('3* /%' *3'9 7' /$ -$ $,&' -$+$%-$ 1' $,",&$%("' -$ 1' $,&/(&/'9 1' ("#$%&'(")% $, 1' +'&$ $,&/(&/'1 -$1 $-""("*9 $%('<'-' -$ &',#"&" 1', ('<', '1 &$$%*9 $1 (/'1 $, $1 >%"(* $1$#$%&* /$ %* +*-$#*, $1$<"9 +* 1* /$ 1' ("#$%&'(")% 1' $'1"5'#*, $% /%(")% -$1 #",#*. U% ("#"$%&* $, '/$11' +'&$ -$ 1' $,&/(&/' /$ $("3$ 1' ('<' -$ 1' (*%,&/((")% 7 1' &'%,#"&$ '1 &$$%* +* #$-"* -$1 $%,'%('#"$%&* -$ ,/ 3',$. Suelo soportante
E, $1 $%('<'-* -$ $("3" -"$(&'#$%&$ 1', ('<', -$1 $-""("* ' &';=, -$ 1' ,/3$,&/(&/'9 7 -$+$%-"$%-* -$ ,/ ('1"-'- -$ $,",&$%("' ,$8 $1 &"+* -$ ("#$%&'(")% /$ ,$ /&"1"5' '," (*#* $1 &"+* -$ ,/$1* $% 1' /$ ,$ -$,$' (*%,&/"9 7 &*-* $,&* ,$ 11$;' ' ('3* #$-"'%&$ $,&/-"*, $% 1*, 1'3*'&*"*,9 /$ $, 1* +"#$* /$ ,$ $(*#"$%-' '%&$, -$ ("#$%&'.
.-Cimentacione! "i#ecta! o !$pe#%cia&e!. S*% '/$11', /$ ,$ '+*7'% $% $,&'&*, -$1 ,/$1* +*(* +*/%-*, 7 ($('%*, '1 =1 -$,-$ 1*, 0.# ',&' 4# '+*6"#'-'#$%&$@9 7 $,&* ,$ -$3$ ' /$ $1 &$$%* +$,$%&' (''(&$?,&"(', '-$(/'-', '-$(/'-', -$,-$ $1 +/%&* -$ ;",&' &=(%"(* &=(%"(* 7 $(*%)#"(* $(*%)#"(* +'' ("#$%&'. ("#$%&'. S$ 1$, 11'#' ',? +* /$ 1', ('+', -$ 1' ,/+$"("$ ,*% $,",&$%&$, +'' ,*+*&' 1', (*%,&/(("*%$,. '1
T'#3"=% 11'#'-*, -$ $%("-*9 ,*% ("#$%&'("*%$, /$ $,/1&'% ,$%("11*, 7 $(*%)#"(*, -$ (*%,&/"9 7 ,$ '($ -$ 1' ,"%. 2.2- Zapatas
U%' 5'+'&' $, /%' '#+1"'(")% -$ 1' 3',$ -$ /%' (*1/#%' * #/* /$ ,$ $%('<' -$ &'%,#"&" 1' ('<' '1 ,/3,/$1* ' /%' +$,")% '-$(/'-' 3"$% -",&"3/"-' -$ '(/$-* ' 1', +*+"$-'-$, -$1 &$$%*. •
Zapatas aisladas.
S";$% -$ 3',$ +'' ,*+*&' ,*+*&' $1$#$%&*, +/%&/'1$, +/%&/'1$, 7 ,";$% ,*1* +'' ',$%&' ',$%&' /% $1$#$%&* $,&/(&/'1 (*1/#%' * +"1'@9 <$%$'1#$%&$ ,*% $(', -$ *#"<)% '#'-*9 +* 1* <$%$'1 ,*% (/'-'-', * $(&'%
(# #?%"#* -$ +*/%-"-'-@9 &"$%$% -"$$%&$, *#', -$+$%-"$%-* -$ -)%-$ ,$ $%(/$%&$% 7 ,$ $(*#"$%-' $(*#"$%-' ,/ /,* (/'%-* 1', ('<', -$ 1' $,&/(&/' ,*% (*%($%&'-',9 (*%($%&'-',9 $1 ,/$1* +*,$$ /%' '1&' ('1"-'- -$ ('<'9 (/'%-* %* ,$ $,+$'% /%-"#"$%&*, 7 /$ +$#"&' 1"<' 1', 5'+'&', #$-"'%&$ (*%&'&'3$,.
•
Zapatas corridas o combinadas.
E, /%' *#' $;*1/("*%'-' -$ 1' '%&$"*9 ,*% $1$#$%&*, '%81*<*, ' 1', '",1'-', (*% 1' -"$$%("' -$ /$ ,*% #8, 1*%<"&/-"%'1$,9 ,*% /&"1"5'-', -$3'* -$ /% #/* -$ ('<' * -$ /%' ,$"$ -$ (*1/#%', 7 +/$-$% ,$ -$ (*%($&* $*5'-* * #'#+*,&$?'. S/ /,* $, $(*#$%-'31$ (/'%-*: ,$ &"$%$% ;'"', ('<', -",&"3/"-', ' 1* 1'<* -$1 $$9 $1 ,/$1* *$($ /%' $,",&$%("' $
2.3.-Losas de cimentación.
S*% /&"1 /&"1"5 "5''-*, *, (/'% (/'%-* -* 1' $," $,",& ,&$% $%(" ("'' -$1 &$$ &$$%* %* $, -$#',"'-* 3'' * (/'%-* 1', ('<', ,$'% #/7 '1&', 7 1', 8$', -$ ("#$%&'(")% %$($,"&'% '/#$%&',$ 7 +/$-$% 11$< 11$<' ' ' *(/ *(/+' +' &*-' &*-' 1' ,/+$ ,/+$" "(" ("$$ (*%,& (*%,&/" /"-' -'99 ,*% (*%,&/"-', -$ (*%($&* $*5'-*,.
2.4.-Emparrillados.
6
E% $,&$ &"+* -$ ("#$%&'(")% 1' $,&/(&/' $, ',$%&'-' $% /% (*%/%&* -$ 5'+'&', (*"-', $% *#' -$ $&?(/1'9 ,$ /&"1"5'% (/'%-* 1' ('+'("-'- -$ $,",&$%("' -$1 &$$%* $, 3'' * (/'%-* $6",&$ $&$*<$%$"-'- -$1 &$$%* /$ +/$-$ *(',"*%' /$ 1' $,&/(&/' ,$ ',"$%&$ ' -"$$%&$, +*/%-"-'-$,.
'.- Cimentacione! !emip#o($n"a! o inte#me"ia! E,&8% (*#+$%-"-', $%&$ 1', ("#$%&'("*%$, ,/+$"("'1$, 7 +*/%-',9 <$%$'1#$%&$ ,$ $%(/$%&'% ' /%' +*/%-"-'- -$ $%&$ 4 ' #. 3.1-Pozo de cimentación.
S*% /%' ,*1/(")% $(*%)#"(' -$ ("#$%&'(")% (/'%-* $1 &$$%* $, #$-"'9 (*%,",&$ $% '($9 (*#* ,/ %*#3$ 1* -"($9 /%' $6(';'(")% ,"#"1' ' /% +*5*9 7 $,&$ &"+* -$ ("#$%&'(")% +/$-$ ,$ -$ -*, *#',9 *#',9 1' +"#$' (*%,",&$ ( *%,",&$ $% $11$%' $1 +*5* (*% *#"<)% +*3$ + *3$ ',&' ', &' $1 %";$1 -$,$'-* 7 ,*3$ $,&$ ,$ (*1*(' 1' 5'+'&'9 7 $% 1' ,$
).- Cimentacione! p#o($n"a! o in"i#ecta!. S$ /&"1"5'% (/'%-* 1' ('+'("-'- -$ $,",&$%("' -$1 ,/$1* %* $, '1&'9 7 ,/ *3$&";* +"%("+'1 $, "%($#$%&' 1' ('+'("-'- -$ ('<' -$ /% &$$%* $#+1$'%-* ("#$%&'("*%$, #8, '%(', /$ 7
'7/-$% ' 1' -",&"3/(")% -$ 1', ('<', * &'%,#"&" 1', 1"("&'("*%$, ' /% $,&'&* #8, +*/%-* -$1 ,/$1* #$-"'%&$ *&', ("#$%&'("*%$,9 1', #8, (*#/%$, -$ $,&$ &"+* ,*% 1*, +"1*&$,. A (*%&"%/'(")% ,$ -$,("3$% 1', ("#$%&'("*%$, #8, (*#/%$, -$ $,&$ &"+*: 4.1- Sustitución.
E,&$ &"+* -$ ("#$%&'(")% (*%,",&$ $% $$#+1'5' /% ;*1/#$% (*% /% +$,* +$-$&$#"%'-* -$ &"$' +* /% +$,* ,"#"1'9 ,"#"1'9 /$ ;"$%$ ,"$%-* 1' $,&/(&/' $,&/(&/' +$* '1 #*#$%&* #*#$%&* -$ '($ 1', $6(';'("*%$, '7 /$ &$%$ (/"-'-* -$ '1&$' 1* #$%*, +*,"31$ $1 &$$%* $% $1 /$ ,$ '+*7'' 1' ("#$%&'(")%9 7' /$ 1', (*%-"("*%$, #$(8%"(', 7 -$ /#$-'- +*-?'% '($ 1' -"$$%("' $%&$ /%' 3/$%' 7 /%' #'1 ("#$%&'(")%. 4.2- Flotación.
E,&' *#' -$ ("#$%&'(")% $,&8 3','-' $% $1 P"%("+"* -$ A/?#$-$,9 $% $1 /$ &*-* (/$+* ,/#$<"-* $% /% 1/"-* $6+$"#$%&' /% $#+/$ ;$&"('1 ',($%-$%&$9 /$ $, "
E, $1 #8, (*#>% -$ 1', ("#$%&'("*%$, +*/%-',. S*% /&"1"5'-', +'' &'%,#"&" 1' ('<' -$ /% $-""("* ' ('+', #8, +*/%-', 7 $,",&$%&$, ' &';=, -$ /% $,+$,* -$ ,/$1* 31'%-* * ' &';=, -$ '
P"1*&$, P"1*&$, -$ +/%&'. T'%,#"&$% T'%,#"&$% 1', ('<', -$ /%' $,&/(&/' $,&/(&/' '+*78%-*,$ -"$(&'#$%&$ -"$(&'#$%&$ '1 $,&'&* +*/%-* 7 $,",&$%&$ -$1 ,/$1*.
P"1*&$, -$ "((")%. D$,'*11'% ,/ $,",&$%("' '+*78%-*,$ +* 1' "((")% 1'&$'1 -$1 ,/$1* /$ 1*, *-$'.
P"1*&$, #"6&*,. E,&*, /&"1"5'% 1', *#', -$ '+*7*, -$ 1*, +"1*&$, -$ +/%&' 7 -$ "((")% '1 #",#* &"$#+*.
L*, +"1*&$, ,$ +/$-$% $1'3*' -$ -"$$%&$, #'&$"'1$,9 -$ #'-$'9 -$ (*%($&* * -$ '($* * -$ 1' (*#3"%'(")% -$ $,&*, #'&$"'1$, 7 +/$-$% ,$ $1'3*'-*, "% ,"&/ * +$'3"('-*,9 ('3$ #$%("*%' /$ 1*, +"1*&$, -$ #'-$' 7' %* ,*% &'% /&"1"5'-*, $% 1' '(&/'1"-'-9 1*, /$ #8, ,$ /,'% *7 $% -?' ,*% 1*, -$ (*%($&* 7 $,&*, +/$-$% ,$ -= (*%($&* $*5'-* * +$*5'-*. 8
A1<* "%&$$,'%&$ -$ 1*, +"1*&$, $, /$ $, #$* (*%&' (*% ;'"*, +"1*&$, -$ #$%* $,",&$%("' /$ &$%$ +*(*, -$ '1&' $,",&$%("'9 7' /$ $, #$* -",&"3/" 1', ('<', /$ &$%$ ('<', (*%($%&'-',9 +$* 1* #$* #$* $, $1$<" 1* #8, (*%;$%"$%&$ $% (/$,&")% -$ (*,&* 7 ,$
4.4- Pilas y cilindros.
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
CONCLUSIÓN
9
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
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
10
Re#ere%cias (i($i)r*#icas+ CRESPO CRESPO VILLAL VILLALA9 A9 C'1*,9 C'1*,9 Mecánica de suelos y cimentaciones9 &'. E-"(")%9 E-"&. LIMUSA9 M=6"(*9 20049 0 +8<,. DA INFANTE DE LA M.9 L/", A#'%-*9 C/,* -$ $-""('(")%9 E-"&. T"11',9 M=6"(*9 9 24 +8<,. DE LA GARA9 G',+'9 #'&$"'1$, 7 (*%,&/((")%9 E-"&. T"11',9 M=6"(*9 9 +8<,. JUÁRE BADILLO9 E/1'1"*9 RICO RODRGUE9 A1*%,*9 A1*%,*9 M$(8%"(' -$ ,/$1*, &*#* II: &$*?' 7 '+1"('("*%$, '+1"('("*%$, -$ 1' #$(8%"(' #$(8%"(' -$ ,/$1*,9 ,$
Re#ere%cias e$ectr,%icas+ &&+:$3-$1+*$,*./1'.;$"%<$%"$"'%3$1'%-"'#'&$"',<$*&$(%"'C"#$%&'("*%$,.+- &&+:.*+'%-'1/("'.$,;$-*(/#$%&*.++ '(("*%22-*(/#$%&*('+"&/1*("#$%&'("*%$,"%-"$(&',,*3$+"1*&'$*+"1'$,.+ - &&+:$,.""+$-"'.*<""C"#$%&'(")% &&+:.#'+$.(*#-*(/#$%&'("*%+/31"(*"K%('&'1*<*"#'<$%$,</+*.(#- +'&04
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