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This book is lovingly dedicated
To the two important persons in my life — MELVA, my wife; and JOHN DARREL, my son….
And To all my students, past and present ….
iii
iv
PREFACE
In the past years, this author has been receiving requests from former students and bar candidates alike for comprehensive and up-to-date review materials in Civil Law, taking into consideration the new laws that were enacted by Congress and some recent decisions of the Philippine Supreme Court. This work, therefore, is the author’s attempt to present up-to-date (covering cases decided up to year 2008), yet comprehensive, review materials in the area of Persons & Family Relations, Property and Wills and Succession. This book is intended for use primarily by 4th year law students who are taking up the subject Civil Law Review 1, but bar reviewees may likewise find this work very helpful in their preparations for the Bar Examinations. Again, the author earnestly hopes that this book will be of help to all disciples of law.
THE AUTHOR
Manila, Philippines 20 April 2009
v
vi
CONTENTS
PART ONE – Persons & Family Relations Page PRELIMINARY TITLE ............................................................. 1
Effect and Application of Laws ......................................... Human Relations ..............................................................
1 18
BOOK I. – PERSONS CIVIL PERSONALITY ..............................................................
28
Title I. MARRIAGE....................................................................
35
Chapter 1 Chapter 2
Requisites of Marriage ................................ Marriages Exempt from the License Requirement................................................. Void and Voidable Marriages ......................
35
Title II. LEGAL SEPARATION ................................................
89
Title III. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE ............................................
96
Title IV. PROPERTY RELATIONS BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE ....................................................
98
Chapter 3
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5
Chapter 6 Chapter 7
General Provisions....................................... Donations by Reason of Marriage ............... System of Absolute Community .................. Conjugal Partnership of Gains.................... Separation of Property of the Spouses and Administration of Common Property by One Spouse During the Marriage .......... Regime of Separation of Property ............... Property Regime of Unions Without Marriage .......................................................
vii
35 51
98 100 104 114
127 127 130
Title V.
THE FAMILY ...........................................................
Chapter 1 Chapter 2
134
The Family as an Institution ...................... The Family Home ........................................
134 135
Title VI. PATERNITY AND FILIATION ...............................
139
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4
Legitimate Children .................................... Proof of Filiation .......................................... Illegitimate Children ................................... Legitimated Children ..................................
139 147 147 154
Title VII. ADOPTION ...............................................................
155
Title VIII. SUPPORT .................................................................
168
Title IX. PARENTAL AUTHORITY .......................................
174
Chapter 1 Chapter 2
General Provisions....................................... Substitute and Special Parental Authority ...................................................... Effect of Parental Authority Upon the Persons of the Children ............................... Effect of Parental Authority Upon the Property of the Children.............................. Suspension or Termination of Parental Authority.......................................
182
Title X.
EMANCIPATION AND AGE OF MAJORITY........
191
Title XI.
SUMMARY JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS IN THE FAMILY LAW.............................................
192
Title XII. FINAL PROVISIONS ...............................................
192
FUNERALS ................................................................................ USE OF SURNAMES ................................................................ ABSENCE .................................................................................. CIVIL REGISTER......................................................................
195 199 203 205
Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5
174 174
182 188
PART TWO – Property, Ownership, and its Modifications Title I.
CLASSIFICATION OF PROPERTY .......................
211
Preliminary Provisions ..................................................... Chapter 1 Immovable Property .................................... Chapter 2 Movable Property......................................... Chapter 3 Property in Relation to the Person to Whom it Belongs ......................................
211 213 221
viii
223
Title II.
OWNERSHIP............................................................
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4
235
Ownership in General ................................. Right of Accession ........................................ Quieting of Title ........................................... Ruinous Buildings and Trees in Danger of Falling .........................................
235 246 271
Title III. CO-OWNERSHIP .....................................................
274
Title IV. SPECIAL PROPERTIES..........................................
298
Title V.
POSSESSION ...........................................................
300
Title VI. USUFRUCT ..............................................................
327
Title VII. EASEMENT ..............................................................
353
Title VIII. NUISANCE ...............................................................
404
Title IX. MODES OF ACQUIRING OWNERSHIP ............... Law ................................................................................... Tradition ............................................................................ Acquisitive Prescription .................................................... Occupation ......................................................................... Intellectual Creation .........................................................
418 421 421 428 435 443
DONATION................................................................................
445
271
PART THREE – Wills & Succession GENERAL PROVISIONS ......................................................... TESTAMENTARY SUCCESSION ...........................................
509 516
WILLS ................................................................................ Wills in General ........................................................ Testamentary Capacity and Intent ......................... Forms of Wills ........................................................... Witnesses to Wills..................................................... Codicils and Incorporation ....................................... Revocation of Wills and Testamentary Dispositions .................................................. Republication and Revival of Wills .......................... Allowance and Disallowance of Wills ......................
516 516 526 530 568 570
INSTITUTION OF HEIRS ...............................................
587
Preterition ..............................................................
594
SUBSTITUTION OF HEIRS ............................................
599
Fideicommissary Substitution .................................
602
ix
572 580 582
CONDITIONAL TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITIONS AND TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITIONS WITH A TERM ............................. LEGITIME ......................................................................... Compulsory Heirs ..................................................... Amount of Legitime .................................................. Reserva Troncal ........................................................ DISINHERITANCE .......................................................... LEGACIES AND DEVISES..............................................
609 619 620 631 634 644 650
INTESTATE SUCCESSION .....................................................
664
GENERAL PROVISIONS................................................. RIGHT OF REPRESENTATION ..................................... ORDER OF INTESTATE SUCCESSION ........................
664 671 678
PROVISIONS COMMON TO TESTATE AND INTESTATE SUCCESSION.............................................
692
RIGHT OF ACCRETION .................................................. INCAPACITY TO SUCCEED........................................... ACCEPTANCE AND REPUDIATION............................. COLLATION ..................................................................... PARTITION .......................................................................
692 699 711 717 724
Guide to Abbreviations: NCC
New Civil Code of the Philippines
FC
Family Code of the Philippines
RPC
Revised Penal Code of the Philippines
SC
Supreme Court of the Philippines
CA
Court of Appeals
RTC
Regional Trial Court
x
