Chemistry Paper 3 Experiment

Aim :

To determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide

Problem Statement :

What is the empirical formula of magnesium oxide?

Hypothesis :

The empirical formula of magnesium oxide can be determined by combustion of magnesium in fixed quantity of oxygen to produce fixed quantity of magnesiumoxide

Material :

Magnesium Ribbon , oxygen

Apparatus :

Crucible with lid , Bunsen Burner , Tongs , pipeclay triangle, eletronics balance , Tripod Tripod stand,!andpaper

Procedure :

"# $mpty $mpty crucibl cruciblee withou withoutt lid lid is weighed weighed %# &bout %'cm of of magnesiu magnesium m ribbon ribbon is clean cleaned ed with with sandpaper (# The magnes magnesium ium ribbon ribbon is rolle rolled d and inserte inserted d into crucib crucible le )# The crucibl cruciblee is heated heated strong strongly ly until until magnesiu magnesium m lights lights up *# &s magnesiu magnesium m starts starts to burn, crucibl cruciblee is closed closed using using its lid +# The crucib crucible le cont continu inuee to heat heat # Crucible Crucible lid lid is opened opened and shut once rapidly rapidly -# .id is is remo/ed remo/ed when when magnes magnesium ium ribbon ribbon is no longer longer glowing 0# Crucible Crucible is heated heated strongl strongly y to ensure ensure the complete complete burnin burning g of magnesium "'# The crucible and contents are left left to cool at room temperature and weighed again ""# The heating, cooling , and weighing steps steps are repeated to obtain constant mass

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The lid of crucible is opened and closed at inter/als to pre/ent white smo1e smo1e of magnesium oxide oxide released to the the surrounding

Precaution Steps :

Magnesium is cleaned cleaned with sand sand paper to remo/e layer of oxide on surface

Tabulation of data Mass of crucible 2 lid3 a 4g5 Mass of crucible 2 lid 2 magnesium3 b 4g5 Mass of crucible 2 lid lid 2 Magnesium oxide3 c 4g5 Calculation

$lement

Magnesium

6xygen

Mass 7 g

b8a

cb

9o# of moles

b8a %)

c 8b "+

m

n

!implest ratio

Arrangement Arrangement of apparatus :

Aim :

To determine determine the empirical formula of copper oxide

Problem Statement :

What is the empirical formula of copper oxide?

Hypothesis :

The empirical formula of copper oxide can be determined by using a fixed mass of copper oxide to produce fixed mass of copper

Materials :

Copper oxide powder, ,htdrogen gas :inc pieces , ;ilute






dish#the combustiontube with its contain is weighed again#the weight is recorded# (# ;ry hydroge hydrogen n gas is is flow throug through h the apparat apparatus us se/eral se/eral times to expell the air )# The copp copper er oxide oxide is is heated heated stro strongl ngly y *#
Precaution Steps :

"# &ll connectio connections ns are are ensure ensure to be be tight tight %#






$mpty asbestos crucible 3 x 4g5

Mass of combustion tube 2 asbestos crucible 2 copper oxide 3 y 4g5

Mass of combustion tube 2 asbestos crucible 2 copper 3 = 4g5

Calculation

$lement Mass 7 g 9o# of moles !implest ratio

Copper =x =8x +) p

>>The empirical formula of############## is ######### Arrangement of apparatus :

6xygen y= y8= "+ q







To prepare prepare !odium 9itrate salt through reaction between 9itric &cid and !odium
" mol dm@A 9itric &cid, &cid, " mol dm !odium
%*' cmA conical flas1, %* cmA pipette, burette, white tile, e/aporating dish, filter paper, filter filter funnel, glass rod, bea1er, bea1er, retort stand, stand, tripod stand, wire gau=e, gau=e, Bunsen burner, asbestos asbestos sheet Procedure :

"# Measured Measured %* cmA of " mol mol dm@A !odium !odium






"%# White salt crystals formed are filtered filtered and rinsed with cool cool distilled water "(# White salt crystals are dried with filter paper

Tabulation of data

Titration inal Reading of burette 7 cmA Dnitial Reading of burette 7 cmA olume of &cid used 7 cmA &/erage /olume of &cid 7 cmA

Rough

Arrangement Arrangement of apparatus

"

%

(









prepare Magnesium !ulphate salts through reaction between Aim : To prepare sulphuric acid and magnesium oxide Material :

" mol dm@A suphuric acid, magnesium oxide Apparatus :

%*' cmA conical flas1, "'' cmA bea1er, measuring measuring cylinder, burette, white tile, e/aporating dish, filter paper, filter funnel, glass rod, retort stand, tripod stand, wire gau=e, Bunsen burner, spatula, asbestos sheet Procedure :

"# *' cmA of " mol dm@A !ulphuric !ulphuric &cid &cid is measured measured using measuri measuring ng cylinder and poured into bea1er %# !ulphuric !ulphuric &cid &cid is heated heated slowl slowly y (# Magnesium Magnesium oxide powder powder is added added using spatula spatula a little at a time while stirring the mixture with glass rod )# &ddition &ddition of Magnesium Magnesium 6xide stopped when when substances substances no longer longer soluble *#






Aim :

To prepare .ead 4 5 Dodide salt through double decomposition method Material :

" mol dm .ead 4 5 9itrate solution, " mol dm Eotassium Dodide solution Apparatus :

%*' cm bea1er, glass rod, filter funnel, filter paper Procedure :

"# *' cm of " mol dm Eotass Eotassium ium Dodide Dodide solution solution is added added to *' cm of " mol .ead 4 5 9itrate solution in a bea1er %# The mixtur mixturee is stirre stirred d (# !alt crysta crystall has formed formed as yellow yellow precipit precipitate ate )# The salt crystal formed formed are filtered and rinsed with distilled water water *# The salt salt crystal crystal are dried dried using using filter filter paper

Arrangement Arrangement of apparatus







Carbonate ion

"# &bout % cmA of of of !odium !odium Carbonate Carbonate is is poured poured into a test test tube tube %# ;ilute ;ilute
"# &bout % cmA of !odium !odium !ulpha !ulphate te is poured poured into into a test test tube %# ;ilute ;ilute
"# &bout % cmA of !odium !odium Chlori Chloride de is poured poured into into a test test tube tube %# ;ilute ;ilute 9itric 9itric &cid is adde added d (# !il/er !il/er 9itrate 9itrate or .ead .ead 4 5 9itrate 9itrate is added added )# White White precip precipita itate te formed formed •

Df .ead 4 5 9itrate is choosed, white precipitate formed is dissol/e when heated up

Nitrate ion







Problem Statement :What is the difference between /ulcani=ed and un/ulcanised rubber Hypothesis : natural rubber

ulcanised rubber is tougher, stronger, and more elastic than

Variables :Manipulated

G Type Type of rubber strips

Responding

G The stretching of rubber strip

ixed

G The width and thic1ness of rubber strip

Material : Hn/ulcanised rubber strip, ulcanised ulcanised rubber strip Apparatus :Retort !tand, Weight, Ruler , Clip Procedure :

"# ulcani ulcanised sed and un/ulc un/ulcanise anised d rubber are are cut into into equal equal length %# Both Both strip stripss are hung hung using using the the clip clip (# The distan distance ce between between the the clip clip for both both rubber are are same same )# The origin original al length length of of both both rubber rubber are are measu measured red *# Weights eights with with the same same mass mass are hung hung on both rubber rubber strip strip +# The length length of both both rubber rubber strip strip are measured measured # The weights weights are are ta1en away away and the length length of both strips strips are measure measured d again Obseration







To prepare ethyl ethanoate 4ester5 in laboratory Material :

pure $thanol, glacial glacial $thanoic &cid, concentrated concentrated !ulphuric !ulphuric &cid &cid Apparatus :

.iebig condenser, Roundbottomed flas1, oil bath,porcelain chips Procedure :

"# (' cmA of pure pure ethanol ethanol and %* cmA cmA of glacial glacial ethanoi ethanoicc acid is added added into into the round round bottomed flas1# %# * cmA of concentrat concentrated ed !ulphuric !ulphuric &cid &cid is added added drop by drop and sha1en sha1en gently gently (# & few few pieces pieces of porcelain porcelain are added added into the flas1 flas1 to pre/ent pre/ent bumping bumping and ensure e/en boiling process )# The mixtur mixturee is heated heated under reflux reflux for (' minutes minutes *# $thyl $thanoa $thanoate te is distille distilled d out from the mixture mixture of the product product at temperat temperature ure of -' Precaution steps :

"# The mixture mixture need to be heat heat under reflux reflux because because ethanol ethanol and ester ester that produce produced d are /olatile %# The mixture mixture is heat heat in water water bath bath to ensure ensure heating heating tempera temperature ture is e/en e/en









To study study the relationship between the si=e of o f reactant and he rate of reaction Problem Statement :

The smaller the si=e of reactant, the higher the rate of reaction Variables :

Manipulated G The si=e of marble chips Responding

G The rate of reaction

ixed

G olume olume and Concentration of !ulphuric &cid

Material :

!mall and large marble chips, '#" mol dm@A < ydrochloric &cid &cid Apparatus :

"'' cmA of conical flas1, rubber stopper with deli/ery tube, basin, measuring cylinder,







(sing "arge Marble Chips

Time 7s Burette Reading 7cmA olume olume of gas 7cmA

(sing Small Marble Chips

Time 7s Burette Reading 7cmA olume olume of gas 7cmA







Aim :To study study the relationship between the concentration of reactant and the rate of reaction Problem Statement :
Manipulated

G The concentration of !odium Thiosulphate

Responding

G The rate of reacion

ixed

G olume and Concentration Concentra tion of !ulphuric !ulphur ic &cid

Materials :" mol dm@A !ulphuric &cid, &cid, '#% mol dm@A !odium Thiosulphate solution, white paper Apparatus :"'' cmA conical flas1, "' cmA and *' cmA measuring cylinder, stopwatch stopwatch Procedure :

"# The white white pape paperr is mar1ed mar1ed with with







Tabulation of data

$xperiment 9o# olume of !ulphuric &cid 7cmA olume of !odium Thiosulphate !olution, 7cmA

olume of distilled water

)

*

+

,

-

Chemistry Paper 3 Experiment

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