Chem 16 Flow Chart

Test for Cations

TEST

TEST

SOLUTION

SOLUTION

1M NaOH

1M NH3

WITH

NO

WITH

NO

PRECIPITATE

PRECIPITATE

PRECIPITATE

PRECIPITATE

2+

+

Cu : Blue

2+

NH4

2+

Cu : Blue

3+

Fe : Brown

2+

Zn : White

Ca , NH4

3+

Fe : Brown

2+

Ca : White 2+

Zn : White

EXCESS NaOH

EXCESS NH3

PRECIPITATE

PRECIPITATE

PRECIPITATE

DISSOLVES

REMAINED

DISSOLVES

Zn

UNDISSOLVED

2+

2+

Cu

PRECIPITATE REMAINED UNDISSOLVED

2+

Cu

2+

Zn Fe

3+

2+

Ca

Confirmatory Test: 2+

Cu : test solution -> EXCESS NH 3 -> deep blue complex 3+

Fe : test solution -> 0.1M KSCN -> blood red complex

Fe

3+

+

test solution -> K4Fe(CN)6 -> dark blue precipitate 2+

Ca : test solution -> 0.1M (NH 4)2C2O4 -> white precipitate +

NH4 : test solution -> evaporating dish -> 1M NaOH -> cover with watch glass with litmus paper -> red litmus turns blue 2+

Zn : test solution -> K 3Fe(CN)6 -> yellow precipitate test solution -> K4Fe(CN)6 -> white precipitate Test for Anions

TEST SOLUTION

1M Ba(NO3)2

NO

WITH

PRECIPITATE

PRECIPITATE -

-

I , SCN

2CO3

-

-

Br , NO3

3-

PO4

2-

SO4

Confirmatory test: 2-

CO3 : Precipitate -> 1M CH3COOH -> Precipitate dissolves WITH EFFERVESCENCE 3-

PO4 : Precipitate -> 1M CH3COOH -> Precipitate dissolves WITHOUT EFFERVESCENCE test solution -> 0.1M MgCl2 -> white precipitate -

SO4 : Precipitate -> 1m CH3COOH -> P recipitate remains UNDISSOLVED

TEST SOLUTION TEST SOLUTION 1M HNO3, 0.01 M KMnO4, toluene 1M HNO3, 0.1 M Fe(NO3)3, toluene

NO CHANGE

WITH CHANGE

NO

WITH CHANGE 2-

CHANGE aqueous -

I

-

SCN Br

-

NO3

organic

Yellow

Pink

Blood Red Yellow

Colorless Colorless

Yellow

Coloress

2CO3 3PO4 2SO4

-

I

-

SCN Br

-

-

NO3

aqueous

organic

Yellow Brown Peach

Pink

CO3

3

PO4

2-

SO4

Colorless

Yellow Brown Yellow Brown

Yellow Colorless

Confirmatory test: -

I : test solution -> 1M HNO 3, 0.1 M Fe(NO3)3, toluene -> pink toluene layer -

SCN : test solution -> 1M HNO3, 0.1 M Fe(NO3)3, toluene -> deep red aqueous layer -

Br : test solution -> 1M HNO3, 0.01 M KMnO4, toluene -> yellow or orange toluene layer -

o

NO3 : test solution ->6M H 2SO4, FeSO4 -> Tilt test tube to 60 -> 18M H2SO4 -> formation of brown ring