1.0 ACTIVITY: BLOCK WORK 1.1 KNOWLEDGE OF ACTIVITY 1.1.1 CHECKS PRIOR TO START OF WORK 1. Follow the latest Good f or or Const ruc ruction drawings duly signed by the architect.
2. Check f or or any variations/deviations f rom rom the approved architect ural ural and services drawings.
3. All concrete surf ac aces of beams and columns coming in cont ac act with block work is t o be hacked (80 indents per sq.ft. and each indent is considered t o be 1 cm long)
4. Use cement mort ar ar slurry of 1:2 on the hacked surf ac ace t o create a roughened surf ac ace f or or proper bonding, 3 days prior t o st ar art of block work. Cure the roughened surf ac ace f or or these 3 days, by spraying water.
5. Aluminium templates provided by SGMPL should be available at site t o ensure correct door /
window openings. 6. For non-load bearing walls use solid / hollow 4 N/mm2 compressive st rength blocks or as specified by st ruc ruct ural ural consult an ant. For load bearing walls use s olid / hollow 7 N/mm2 compressive st rength blocks or as specified by st ruc ruct ural ural consult an ant.
7. Use silt f ree (less than 5%) medium gritt y clean sand f or or mort ar ar.
8. Approved grade cement not more th an 30 days sh ould be used. The date of manuf ac i s put act ur ure is
on the bag.
9. Ensure that all required t ool ools, accessories and materials are available at the place of work.
10. Finished f loor loor level should be butt on on marked on st ruc ruct ural ural slab. Lintels, chajjas and sills t o be
cast with respect t o finished f loor loor level.
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11. For bonding of block work t o columns, wall ties shall be cast int o columns at a vertical spacing
not greater than 500mm and should be aligned with the horizont al mort ar band.
1.1.2 CHECKS DURING BLOCK WORK 1. Place the marker course of block (1st course) after checking the vertical & horizont al alignment. Get it checked by the architect. 2. If h ollow blocks are used fill the lowest (1st course) with concrete 1:3:6 using 12mm jelly t o give
a firm base f or chipping t o fix skirting.
3. Mix mort ar in proportion of 1:5 on MS sheet , using Farma box f or measuring sand and a
measuring can t o st andardize quant um of water t o get a consistent mix. Mix well f or unif ormit y. Mix mort ar in small manageable quantities and use it within ½ an hour.
4. Mort ar joints should not be more than 10 mm f or both vertical and horizont al joints. The joints should be neat ly pointed using an Aluminium St raight edge or German pointing t rowel.
5. Do not const ruct more than 1 met re height in a day.
6. Give concrete band of 1:2:4 with 8 mm steel (2 N os.) in a 100 mm thick wall at every 1 met re height.
7. Do not place the t opmost block under the beam unti l the immediate upper f loor blockwork is
raised up t o the beam bott om, less one course.
8. In the t op f loor, build the parapet wall and do the waterproofing and screed concrete bef ore
placing and packing the last course.
9. Adjuster course in concrete 1:2:4 should be laid t wo in courses below the beam and not above the t opmost course.
10. Use hollow blocks at the location of elect rical conduit and raise the conduit along with the blockwork.
11. Dowel blocks t o be left f or f urther extension of block masonry.
12. Continuous horizont al chasing should be avoided. Chase blockwork using chasing machines. 2
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13. St art chasing after at least 21 days of blockwork const ruction
14. For tiled surf aces it is a better option t o chase after rough plaster is done and cured f or 21 days.
15. All nibs adjacent t o columns and less than 200mm, should be cast in RCC at site using M20 grade
of concrete and curing f or 7 days by covering with hessain clothes.
16. For mort ar joints more than 10mm, packing of chasing f or pipes, junction box et c. should be
done in P.C.C. 1:2:4 using 12mm jelly and cured f or minimum 3 days.
17. Write down the date of work in paint on the blockwork and monit or the curing accordingly.
18. Cure the blockwork by spraying water on the mort ar joints only f or at least 7 days.
19. Cast the cut lintel, sill, and chajja by giving a maximum bearing of 200mm and with bed block.
20. In the case of lintel, sill, and chajja over large openings, place them as end-t o-end beam t ype.
21. If bearing cannot be given as required, lockset the reinf orcement of lintel int o the column f or a
depth of 4d f or cast in sit u works.
22. Check chajjas and sills f or t oppling effect. If suspect , build counterweight courses f or lintel, sill,
and chajjas.
23. Continuous vertical mort ar joints should be st aggered and vertical movement joints t o be given every 12 met res.
1.1.3 CARE AFTER BLOCK WORK 1. Do not entert ain excessive chasing as it dist urbs the mort ar joints causing hairline cracks and
weakening the work.
2. Do not soak the blocks with water while curing. The moist ure absorbed by the blocks will be
released subsequent ly causing volumet ric variations and shrinkage cracks.
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3. The interf ace bet ween block and concrete is the most critical zone and needs special care. This is
due t o incompatibilit y bet ween t wo heterogeneous materials. Bef ore plastering, these zones should be given special t reat ment. (Discussed separately under plastering)
4. After 7 days curing of mort ar joints drive a nail int o the joint t o test the st rength of joints at
random. Also look f or colour variation in the mort ar joints t o identif y problem areas.
1.2 TOOLS TO BE USED BY TRADESMEN Required t ools must be available at site t o ensure correct work. Basic t ools of the masons are: 1. Trowels 2. Line dori 3. Sand Sieve 4. Tube levels 5. Plumb bobs 6. Measurement Tape 7. Spirit levels 1-2m 8. Aluminium st raight edge 9. Right angle 10. Chipping Tools 11. Masons t rowels 12. Masons hammer 13. Levelling threads 14. Masons brushes and buckets 15. Mort ar boxes 16. Water Barrel
1.3 INSPECTION METHODOLOGY FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE 1. First measure if the given area is t o plan as per correct and updated drawings
2. The blockwork should be neat and clean visually
3. The first course in block-work is the most import ant one. Using the spirit levels, check if the erected wall is perfect the surf ace should be f ree of undulations, and cracks.
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4. Using the t ape measure, ensure the diagonals are equal.
5. Check if the mesh used at required joints are properly placed & plastered.
6. Using the 3-meter Spirit levels and aluminium f lats check if the erected surf ace is parallel. Check
plumb at door and window openings
7. Measure openings at various points f or unif ormit y. If i n doubt , crosscheck with diagonals.
8. Check if the corners are at right angles using the right angle template.
9. Ensure door and window aluminium templates are always readily available.
10. The joints should be of unif orm thickness. Check joint thickness and st rength after 7 days ( nail test )
11. Always use blocks of the same height and dimensions [Two different sizes have been observed of 190mm and 200-205mm respectively]
1.3.1 TOOLS TO BE USED FOR QUALITY INSPECTION
1. Measuring t ape 2. Spirit levels - 3m 3. Right angle template 4. Related Good f or Const ruction drawings
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CHECKLIST FOR ON-SITE INSPECTION ACTIVITY:BLOCKWORK Project:
Date:
Location: NOTE:- Please 5appropriate box or enter readings as per requirements ITEM Sl. No. 1
YES
NA
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Has the h acking at cont act surf aces of column & beam been done?
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Has cement mort ar slurry been applied over the hacked surf ace and cured f or 3 days?
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Name,date and number of the drawing
PRE-EXECUTION CHECKS 2 3 4
Are the latest "Good f or Const ruction" drawings available? Are the required number of blocks available? (both load bearing and non-load bearing)
Surface preparation:
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Have aluminium templates used f or door /window openings?
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Are the required t ools available?
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Are there any specific requirements of the client?
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Cement - is it of the approved grade and less than 1 month old?
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Sand - is it medium gritt y, clean and silt -f ree (less than 5%)?
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Is the finished f loor level butt on marked on st ruct ural slab?
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Are the markings f or reference lines on pillars done?
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Have the wall ties been cast int o columns at a vertical spacing (<500mm)?
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CHECKS DURING EXECUTION 13
Is the blockwork checked in vertical and horizont al directions?
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Is the marker / lowest course of hollow blocks filled with concrete 1:3:6 (12mm jelly)?
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Is the mort ar in proportion 1:5 on MS sheet using f arma box?
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Has the check f or diagonals & dimensions been done?
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Has the thickness f or joints been checked?
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Has raking and pointing of joints been done?
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Is the RCC b and f or 100mm walls done?
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Has the procedure of not const ructing more than 5 courses a day been f ollowed?
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Has the t op course been packed below the concrete beam?
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POST-EXECUTION CHECKS 22
Has the curing of blockwork done f or at least 7 days?
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Has care been t aken of not entert aining excessive chasing?
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Has a nail been driven t o test the st rength of joint after 7 days of curing?
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Checked by:
Approved by:
Sign Name Date
Sign Name Date
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Remarks/ Clarifications
2.0 ACTIVITY: PLASTERING 2.1 KNOWLEDGE OF ACTIVITY 2.1.1 CHECKS PRIOR TO START OF WORK 1. Ensure all the checks after block work is complied with. (See block work details)
2. The aluminium template f or openings f rom SIPL should be available at site.
3. The blockwork should have been cured f or 7 days and dry bef ore plastering is st arted.
4. Butt on mark the surf ace t o be plastered keeping the bull minimum. 12 mm plaster is the desired thickness. Dist ance of butt on marks should be within an aluminium st raight edge length.
5. Plastering mesh should be 8 wide and fixed rigidly bef ore plastering on the junction bet ween
concrete and masonry surf ace with steel nails / wooden plug and nails. This st rip has t o be plastered and cured f or minimum of 3 days bef ore the entire wall is plastered.
6. Get the plastering specifications like lime finish, t rowel finish, sponge finish, rough plaster and zone of application clarified f rom architects.
7. In case of external plaster grooves, it can be incorporated t o break the day s work without
creating an uneven joint. The proposal should be cleared f or aesthetics f rom architect.
8. Do not plaster f or a thickness of more than 15mm. In case it is required, the plastering should be
done i n 2 coats. The first layer applied should be cured f or a day bef ore applying the subsequent coats.
9. Cement of 43 grade OPC within 90 days old, Sand - FM 2 t o 2.2, clean, fine silt content low (<5%) and pot able water should be used f or mixing mort ar.
10. All surf aces in concrete should be hacked (80 hacks per sq. ft ) bef ore plastering.
2.1.2 CHECKS DURING PLASTERING a. All surf aces t o be plastered must be wet t o prevent absorption of water f rom plaster.
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b. Mix shall be generally CM 1:4 f or ceiling and 1:6 f or wall plastering.
c.
Mix mort ar on MS sheet using Farma f or volumet ric bat ching and measure mort ar t o mix f or
consistency.
d. Mix thoroughly f or unif orm mix and the CM should be used within ½ t o 1 hour of the mix.
e. After plastering check the surf ace f or undulations using halogen lamps. Yellow light thrown on the plastered wall f rom one-side shows undulations, if any, rectif y immediately while the plaster is still f resh. All cut -outs such as f an, junction box, elect rical box and skirting line should be finished t o perfection.
f.
Grooves and mort ar bands should be given while plaster is wet.
g. If lime rendering or punning is required, do it within 3 t o 4 hour of setting of cement mort ar after plastering.
h. Write down the date of work in paint on the element f or plastering, concrete & monit or the
curing accordingly.
2.1.3 CARE TO BE TAKEN AFTER PLASTERING 1. Cure the works f or a minimum of 10 days. W rite the date of plastering on the wall / ceiling with
permanent marker.
2. All mort ar spillage st uck t o walls, f loor and MS works shall be cleared after the day s work.
2.2 TOOLS TO BE USED BY TRADESMEN Required t ools must be available at site t o ensure correct work. Basic t ools of the plastering gang
are: 1. Trowels 2. Line dori 3. Sand Sieve 4. Tube levels 5. Plumb bobs 6. Measurement Tape
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7. Spirit levels 1-2m 8. Aluminium st raight edge 9. Right angle 10. Chipping Tools 11. Masons t rowels 12. Floating t rowel 13. Masons hammer 14. Levelling threads 15. Masons brushes and buckets 16. Mort ar boxes 17. Water Barrel and measuring can 18. Halogen lamps 19. MS sheets 20. Farma
2.3 INSPECTION METHODOLOGY FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE 2.3.1 INTERNAL PLASTER: 1. Check f or smooth finish using spirit levels f or undula tions, cracks and evenness / st raight ness in vertical and horizont al directions 2. Ensure plastered surf ace is cured f or entire recommended period 3. Ensure the 1 met re level markings are made along all walls. Measure the ceiling f rom this level it should be even at all points. [Check f or ceiling plaster] 4. Ensure plastering / POP thickness is even at all points during plastering. 5. Ensure the bull marking tiles are removed.
2.3.2 EXTERNAL PLASTER 1. Employment of specialized t rowels t o obt ain different st ruct ural finishes f or the external
plastering 2. No undulations and unevenness by using spirit levels 3. Ensure all plastered surf aces are cured f or entire recommended period
2.3.3 TOOLS TO BE USED FOR QUALITY INSPECTION 1. Spirit levels 1-2m 2. Measuring t ape 3. Related Good f or Const ruction drawings
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CHECKLIST FOR ON-SITE INSPECTION ACTIVITY: EXTERNAL PLASTERING Project:
Date:
Location: NOTE:- Please 5appropriate box or ente r readings as per requirements Sl. No. ITEM 1
YES
NA
Name, date and number of the drawing
PRE-PLASTERING CHECKS 2
Is the latest "Good f or Const ruction" drawings available?
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3
Is access available f or st arting plaste ring?
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Has the required barricading and safet y measures been t aken?
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5
Is the concrete s urf ace beam /column hacked with a minimum of 80 hackings/sq.ft?
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6 7 8
Are Butt on marks place d at appropriate inte rvals? Has the GI mesh been nailed bet ween all RCC & masonry members?
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9
Have openings of doors & windows been fixed using aluminium templates?
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10
Is the elect ri cal conduiti ng works completed?
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Is the PHE piping works in t oilets & kit chen completed?
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12
Has prope r scaff olding arrangement been made?
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Is the height of swit ch boxes fixed correct ly?
13
Are the corne r beadings in place and plumb?
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14
Are all boxes covered b y dummy plates?
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15
Are the access cont rol and fire alarm syste ms in place?
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Is the blockwork cured f or at least 7 days?
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Is the surf ace wet & f ree f rom dust , oil & all f orms of cont amination?
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Has the dried mort ar been cl eaned off the surf ace?
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Are there any specific requirements of the client?
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Are the required t ools available?
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21
Are the required materials a vailable?
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22
Has the proper roughening of first coat done?
CHECKS DURING PLASTERING 23
Is the mixing of cement mort ar being done correct ly, on MS sheet?
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24
Is the plaster in proper line & verticalit y?
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26
Is the wall being plastered t o given s pecifications, t o plumb and even? Is plastering done above & be low all platf orms and lofts?
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27
Are the edges of window f rames & door f rames perfect ly vertical?
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28 29
Are all corn ers in line and finished prop erly? Are swit ch bo xes in positi on and prope rly finished?
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25
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Is the plaster surf ace cut properly f or s kirting?
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31
Is the kind of finishing required been achieved?
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Rough finish (ti le application /first coat )? Smooth, even finish (text ured coatings)?
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32 33 34
POST-PLASTERING CHECKS Is curing been carried out f or a minimum of 10 days, with the date of plastering on the wall? Are groo ves, drip mould and mort ar bands given as per design? Has all mort ar spillage bee n cleaned?
C hecked by: Sign Name Date
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Approved by: Sign Name Date
Remarks
CHECKLIST FOR ON-SITE INSPECTION ACTIVITY: INTERNAL PLASTERING Date:
Project: Location: NOTE:- Please 5appropriate box or ente r readings as per requireme nts Sl. No. ITEM 1 Name, date and number of the drawing
YES
NA
PRE-PLASTERING CHECKS 2
Is the latest "Good f or Const ructi on" drawings available?
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3
Is sufficient place available f or st arting plaste ring?
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4
Has the required barricading and safet y measures been t aken? Is the concrete s urf ace beam /column hacked with a minimum of 80 indents/sq.ft?
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5 6 7
Are butt on marks placed at appropriate inte rvals? Has the GI mesh been nailed bet ween all RCC & masonry members?
8
Are the corner beadings in place and plumb?
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9
Are openings of doors & windows been fixed using aluminium templates?
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10
Is the elect ri cal conduiti ng works completed?
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11
Is the PHE piping works in t oilets & kit chen completed?
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12
Has proper scaff olding arrangement been made?
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Is the plaster surf ace cut properly f or s kirting? Has the kind of finishing required been achieved? Normal sponge finish (f or POP application) ?
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Rough finish (tile appl ication /first coat )? Smooth, even finish (text ured coatings)?
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32
Is curing carried out f or a minimum of 10 days, with the date o f plastering on wall with permanent marker?
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33
Are grooves, drip mould and mort ar bands given as per design?
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13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Is the height of swit ch boxes fixed correct ly? Are all boxes covered by dummy plates? Are the A/c works, access cont rol and fire alarms s yste ms in place? Is the blockwork cured f or at least 7 days? Is the surf ace wet & f ree f rom dust , oil & all f orms of cont aminations? Has the dried mort ar been cleaned off the surf ace? Are there any specific requirements of the client? Are the required t ools available? Are the required materials available? Have the increased require ments ( renova painting) been included in the t ot al t olence?
CHECKS DURING PLASTERING Is the mixing of cement mort ar being done correct ly, on MS sheet? Is the plaster in prope r line & ve rticalit y? Is the wall being plastered t o given s pecifications, t o plumb and even? Is plastering done above & below all platf orms and lofts? Are the edges of window f rames & door f rames perfect ly vertical? Are all corn ers in line and finished prop erly? Are swit ch bo xes in position and properly finished?
POST-PLASTERING CHECKS
34
Has lime been properly applied, if require d?
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35
Has all the mort ar spillage been cleaned?
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C hecked by: Sign Name Date
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Approved by: Sign Name Date
Remarks
