Chaveiro - Aula 04

GV^WD EF GHCPFB^D - CVIC 5 @FGHCEV^CW FW_FGBCBW Gdjgiubrfkds jfstc cuic ds fstueds sdnrf `fghceurcs fspfgbcbs bjbgbcje gbc jed, d, fk sf sfmu mubec bec,, ds fs fstue tueds ds sdnrf `fghceurcs Cutdkdtbvcs.

GCEFCED _C^C _DÛC EF CÍD UB_D KBICJD Â uk tbp tbpdd ef gc gcef efce cedd pc pcrc rc pd pdrt rtcs cs ef cíd, ncstcjtf usced jd gdkârgbd f bjeñstrbc. Fssf Fs sf tbp tbpdd ef gc gcef efce cedd â `c `cnr nrb-bgced gc ed gd gdk k ed edbs bs sf sfmr mrfe feds ds (g (ghc hcvf vf eu eupic pic)) f Uftrc Uf trc (5 sf sfmr mrfe feds ds). ). Â uk gd gdjau jaujt jtdd `drk `d rkce cedd pf pfid id gd gdrp rpd, d, gbibjerd bjerd f fb fbxd xd trc trcvc vc.. (@bmu (@ bmurc rc 3). Jd gbibjerd, tfkds ds gdjaujtds ef sfm sfmrfe rfeds, ds, gdk gdkpds pdstds tds ef pbj pbjds ds sfmrfeds, gdjtrc pbjds f kdibj kd ibjhc hcs, s, sf sfje jedd qu quct ctrd rd jc pc pcrt rtff supfrb sup frbdr dr f quc quctrd trd jc bj` bj`frb frbdr, dr, pf pfícs ícs trcv tr cvcs cs f kd kdic ics, s, gu guad ad pr prbj bjgë gëpb pbdd ef ùjgbdjckfjtd kubtd sf cssfkfihc cd (@bmurc urc>) >). sbstfkc sbst fkcef ef trcv trcvcc ed gce gcefce fced. d. (@bm D sbstfkc ef trcvc gdkd aã gbtckds tck ds â sf sfkf kfihc ihcjtf jtfcd cd ed gc gcef efce ced, d, bst bstdd â, c ghcvf mbrc d gcjhçd quf "cnrf" cs pfícs pfí cs trcv trcvcs, cs, ibnf ibnfrcj rcjed ed d fbx fbxdd trcv trcvc. c. (@bmur (@b murcc 7). Fsscs Fss cs pfí pfícs cs trc trcvcs vcs f rfs rfspfg pfgtbvc tbvcss kdics pdefk sfr rfkdvbecs, fk gcsd ef jfg jfgfss fssbec becef, ef, ncs ncstcj tcjed ed pcr pcrcc tcj tcjtd td rfkdvfr d tckpçd ed gcjci djef sf cidack. Kcs ec kfskc `drkc quf jçd gdkpf gdk pfjs jscc kfx kfxfr fr jd kf kfgcj gcjbsk bskdd ed gcefced gdkuk, jfstf tcknâk jçd sf cgdjsfihc, pdbs jçd fxbstfk pfícs ef rfpdsbí rfp dsbíçd, çd, sfj sfjed ed jfg jfgfss fssãrbd ãrbd usc uscrr ef dutrd, d quf fjgcrfgf d sfrvbíd. GV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

@bmurc 3- Kdefids ef gcefceds pcrc pdrtcs ef cíd.

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BJWUBUVUD VJBPF^WCI N^CWBIFB^D

Gdjaujtd Wupfrbdr ef pbjds f kdibjhcs _bjd Urcvc ed gcjhçd

Gbibjerd

_djtc ed fbxd-trcvc Kdic

_fícstrcvc Gdjaujtd bj`frbdr ef pbjds f kdibjhcs

Kdic Uckpçd

@bmurc >- Gdkpdjfjtfs ed gbibjerd ef gcefceds pcrc pdrtcs ef cíd.

_crc `czfr c kuecjíc ef sfmrfed, efstf tbpd ef gcefced, sfac fif ef ghcvf eupic du tftrc, prdgfef-sf gdkd aã fjsbjced pcrc d gcefced, du sfac, kuec-sf ef iumcr, edbs pbjds sfmrfeds ef tckcjhds eb`frfjtfs, f `cz-sf c ghcvf ï kçd du trdgcsf d pbjd sfmrfed kfjdr pdr dutrd kcbdr f rfncbxc-sf c gcvc ec ghcvf, ef uk eds sfmrfeds. Gcsd sfac pcrc gdj`fggbdjcr gdj`fggbdjcr ukc ghcvf, pfid `ctd ed kfskd jçd pdssuë-ic, cgdjsfihckds c jçd rfkdvfr d gcjhçd. Cnrf-sf ds gcjcbs gdk c nrdgc, rfkdvf-sf cs kdics, gdjtrc pbjds f pbjds sfmrfeds f kcrgc-sf c ghcvf ec `drkc kdstrcec jc `bmurc 5. Gdkd cibãs aã `db fjsbjced pcrc ds gcefceds gdkujs. Pcifk pcrc fstf tbpd ef gbibjerd, ghcvf eupic du tftrc, pcrc suc cnfrturc, cs tâgjbgcs f `frrckfjtcs

Fbxd-trcvc

Urcvcs

Gbibjerd

@bmurc 7- Wbstfkc ef trcvc.

GV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

7


aã efsgrbtcs pcrc gbibjerds gdkujs f eupids (edbs sfmrfeds). Jd gcsd ec tftrc, c tâgjbgc f `frrckfjtc utbibzcec cbjec sfrã cssujtd c sfr cndreced jfstc cuic.

GBIBJE^D UB_D KVIUB_DJUD Vk gbibjerd ncstcjtf kdefrjd quf cs `ãnrbgcs fstçd icjícjed jd kfrgced, â d tbpd Kuitbpdjtd. Jfstfs gbibjerds, guads gdkpdjfjtfs ed sfmrfed sçd ds kfskds eds gbibjerds gdjvfjgbdjcbs, du sfac, pbjds sfmrfeds, gdjtrc pbjds f kdibjhcs, d quf kuec â d pdsbgbdjckfjtd ecs gcvcs ec ghcvf. Fjqucjtd jds gbibjerds gdjvfjgbdjcbs cs gcvcs ecs ghcvfs sçd `fbtcs cd idjmd ec fxpfssurc ec hcstf, cs gcvcs ec ghcvf ed sbstfkc kuitbpdjtd sçd `fbtcs jcs ictfrcbs ec hcstf ec ghcvf. (@bmurc 6). _drtcjtd, jd gbibjerd gdjvfjgbdjci c ghcvf fjtrc jd gcjci ed gcjhçd jc vf vfrtb rtbgci gci,, fjq fjqucj ucjtd td qu quff jd kui kuitbtbpdjtd, c ghcvf fjtrc jd gcjci ed gcjhçd jc hdrbzdjtci. Fkndrc tfjhc d sfmrfed ed sbstfkc ef pbjds, gdjtrc pbjds f kdibjhcs, cs `frrckfjtcs ef cnfrt urc p c rc ds gbibjerds

@bmurc 0- Ghcvf Wbstfkc Kuitbpdjtd.


Fstbiftf pcrc kcrgcr c ghcvf Ghcvf Pbrmfk

@bmurc 5- ^fcibzcjed c kcrgcíçd jc ghcvf.

@bmurc 6- Gbibjerd Kuitbpdjtd.

5


gdjvfjgbdjcbs jçd ùjgbdjck jfstfs gbibje gbi bjerds rds.. Fxb Fxbstf stfk k `f `fr-r r-rck ckfj fjtcs tcs fspf fs pfgë gë`b`bgc gcss pc pcrc rc ds kf kfss-kd kds. s. (@bmurc 0).

@FGHCEV^C UFU^C Fxbstfk Fxbstf k ed edbs bs kde kdefid fidss ef `fghceurcs gdk gbibjerds tftrc. C `fghceurc pcrc gbibjerds bjefpfjefjtfs f kdjdnidgds tftrc guad kfgcjbskd â d kfskd ed sbstfkc Rcif gdkuk, sfjed eb`frfjtf cpfjcs jds gbibjerds quf sçd kcbdrfs pdr pdssuërfk quctrd sfmrfeds. Ds tbpds ef gbibjerds gbibje rds utbibzc utbibzceds eds jfstc jfstcss `fghc `fghceueurcs sçd kdstrceds jc `bmurc =. Fk mfrci fstfs gbibjerds tf-trcs cssbk cs sbk gh ghck ckce ceds ds pd pdrr pd pdss ssuër uërfk fk quctrd sfmrfeds eb`frfjtfs, sçd ncstcjtf tcj tf sfm sfmurd urds, s, jçd s÷ pfi pfidd `ct `ctdd ef pdssuërfk ds quctrds sfmrfeds, kcs tckn tc knâk âk pd pdrr tf tfrr gc gcec ec sf sfmr mrfe fedd `drkce `dr kcedd pdr gbj gbjgd gd pbj pbjds ds sfm sfmrfe rfeds ds tdtcibzcjed vbjtf pbjds sfmrfeds. _dr fssc rczçd jçd pdefk sfr cnfrtds gdk cs `frrck `frrckfjtcs fjtcs gdjv gdjvfjgbd fjgbdjcbs jcbs ef cnfrt cnfrturc urc gdkd iîkbjc iîkbjcs, s, pfjt pfjtfs, fs, mrckpds, ftg. Â prfgbsd ukc `frrckfjtc kubtd fspfgbci quf gbtcrfkds kcbs cebcjtf. _crc kuecr ds sfmrfeds efstfs gbibjerds jçd â jfgfssãrbd quf sf `cíc d trcncihd fk tdeds ds quctrd sfmrfeds. Â su`bgbfjtf quf sf `cíc c kuecjíc ef cpfjcs uk pbjd kfjdr pdr dutrd kcbdr, rfncbxcr c gcvc ec ghcvf gdrrfspdjefjtf quf fstã kuecjed d sfmrfed. Jfssf gcsd cnrf-sf cpfjcs uk gcjci ed gbibjerd. (@bmurc 8). Â fjmcjd pfjscr quf kuecr kcbs ef uk pbjd sfmrfed d sfrvbíd `bgc kcbs sfmurd. Jc rfcibecef d dnaftbvd ec kuecjíc ef sfmrfed â pcrc quf c ghcvf cjtfrbdr jçd kcbs ùjgbdjf, d quf rfcikfjtf cgdjtfgf gdk c trdgc ef cpfjcs uk pbjd. GV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

@bmurc =- Gbibjerds pcrc `fghceurc tftrc.

7± gcjci cnfrtd

7ª Gcvc rfncbxcr

@bmurc 8- Cnfrturc ef cpfjcs uk gcjci ed gbibjerd.

6


Jçd efvfkds fsqufgfr quf c sunstbtubíçd ed pbjd efvf sfr eds edbs gbibjerdss sf bjefpf gbibjerd bjefpfjefjtfs jefjtfs fk uk eds edbs gdjaujtds ef sfmrfed ed kdjdnidgd. D dutrd tbpd ef `fghceurc tftrc â d trcvc ef sfmurcjíc, guad kfgcjbskd â ncstcjtf sbkpifs sbkpifs pdr jçd pdssubr d sbstfkc ef trbjgd, sf rfstrbjmbjed ï ibjmùftc, sbstfkc ef cvcjíd, f

kdics ed sbstfkc ef cvcjíd, quf â cgbdjc cgb djced ed pdr uk gbi gbibje bjerd rd bje bjefp fpfj fj-efjtf, cgbdjced pdr ghcvf gdk eupid sfmrfed quf ùjgbdjc pfids edbs iceds ed gbibjerd. (@bmurc 2). Fstf gbibjerd tftrc bjefpfjefjtf, guads kdefids vfkds jc `bmurc 2, vcrbck ef qucjtbecef ef pbjds sfmrfeds ef cgdred gdk d `cnrbgcjtf. _defk tfr >+>+>+3; sftf pbjds sf-

Wbstfkc ef cvcjíd Ibjmùftc

mrfeds/ >+>+>+>; dbtd pbjds sfmrfeds, quf â d kcbs gdkuk f >+7+>+7; efz pbjds sfmrfeds. Bjefpf Bje fpfjef jefjtf jtf ed jñk jñkfrd frd ef pbjds sfmrfed, fstfs gbibjerds pdefk sfr efskdjtceds gdk gfrtc `cgbibecef, sfac pcrc `czfr kuecjíc ef sfmrfed, sfac pcrc gdj`fggbdjcr c ghcvf pfid sfmrfed. Â bkpdrtcjtf tfrkds pcrc fs-tc efskdj efs kdjtcm tcmfk fk d ebsp ebspdsb dsbtbvd tbvd tftr tftrc, c, kdstrced jc `bmurc 3?, fjgdjtrced ï vfjec vfj ec fk gcsc gcscss fsp fspfgbc fgbcibzc ibzcecs ecs fk kctfrbci pcrc ghcvfbrds, du bkprdvbscr edbs tunds gdj`drkf kdstrced jc `bmurc 33.

EFWKDJUCMFK ED GBIBJE^D UFU^C

Gbibjerd

@bmurc 2- @fghceurc Uftrc - Urcvc ef sfmurcjíc. j± > J± 3

Wfac pdr fxfkpid efskdjtcr d gbibjerd ec `bmurc 3>. ^ftbrf `drícjed gdk ukc ghcvf ef `fjec d cjfi fiãstbgd trcvc ed gcjhçd. C sfmubr rftbrf d efjtf bkpuisdr. (@bmurc 37). @fbtd bssd gdidquf c ghcvf jd gbibjerd f prfjec-c jc kdrsc gdj`drkf kdstrc c `bmurc 35. Ctfjíçd1 Wf jçd pdssubr ghcvf â prfgbsd "kbghcr" f ecr 3/8 ef vditc. Jçd uitrcpcssf kcbs ef 3/8 ef vditc, pdbs, pdr sf trctcr ef 5 sfmrfeds c gcec 3/5 ef vditc, ds pbjds sfmrfeds fjgdjtrck ds gdjtrc pbjds f trcvck, sfjed sfj ed jfg jfgfss fssãrbd ãrbd "kbg "kbghcr" hcr" jdv jdvcckfjtf. Cjfi

Efjtf bkpuisdr du jcrbz

@bmurc 3?- EbspdsbtbvdUftrc (gdkprced).


@bmurc 33- Uunds (gdj`fggbdjceds).

0

@bmurc 3>- Gbibjerd Uftrc.


Ghcvf ef `fjec

Efjtf du Jcrbz

3- Cjfi

@bmurc 37- Efskdjtf d gbibjerd Uftrc.

@bmurc 35- Ghcvf prfsc jc kdrsc.

Uund j± 3

^f`frájgbc

Fssf 3/8 ef vdi Fssf vditc tc â su` su`bgb bgbfjt fjtff pcrc tbrcr ds pbjds sfmrfeds ed gdjtctd gdk ds gdj gdjtrc trc pbj pbjds, ds, pdr pdrtcj tcjtd td ibn ibnfrc frcjed jed d gcjhçd. Pditcjed fjtçd cd gcsd ef tfrkds c ghcvf, jçd sfrã jfgfssã jfgfssãrbd rbd ecr fssf 3/8 ef vditc jd gcjhçd pdbs ds sfmrfeds fstçd fk "ibjhc zfrd" f pdrtcjtd fstf fstã ibnfrced. Kcjtfj Kcj tfjed ed c ghc ghcvf vf pfr pfrpfj pfjebebguic gu icrr ï kd kdrs rsc, c, du sf sfac ac,, jc vf vfrtb rtbgc gci,i, gdidquf d tund j± 3 jc pdjtc ed gcjhçd f vcmcrdsckfjtf vã sunbjed d gdrpd ed gbibjerd. Bstd Bs td ef efvf vf sf sfrr `f `fbtd btd gd gdk k ku kubtd btd gubeced pcrc quf ds pbjds sfmrfeds pfrkcjfíc pfrkc jfíck k jds gcjcbs ed gcjh gcjhçd. çd. (@bmurc 36). Vkc vfz rfkdvbed d gdrpd ed gbibjerd, gdidquf d ebspdsbtbvd tftrc du tund tu nd j± > jd gc gcjh jhçd çd,, pc pcrc rc pd pdef efrr rfkdvá-id ec kdrsc, `bmurc 30. Efjtrd ed eb ebsp spds dsbtbtbv bvdd qu quff kc kcjt jtâk âk d gc gcjh jhçd çd jc hdrbzdjtci, f kfskd jd tund j± >, ds pbjds sfmrfeds `bgck prdtfmbeds. Gcsd sfac jfgfssãrbd rfkdváids pcrc gdj`fgíçd ef ghcvf du pcrc kuecjíc ed sfmrfed, tfjhc d gubeced ef rftbrcr ds pbjds sfmrfeds jc drefk f gd gdid idgã gã-id -idss jd pd pdrt rtcc pb pbjd jdss tc tckn knâk âk jc drefk pcrc jçd sf ctrc-pcihcr jc hdrc ec kd kdjt jtcm cmfk fk.. Cd ef efss-kd kdjt jtcr cr d gbibje gbi bjerd rd tft tftrc rc d ciu ciujd jd brã jdjd-tcr tcr quf ciâk eds gcjcbs djef sf id-gcibzck ds pbjds pbj ds sf sfmr mrfe feds ds,, hã uk pf pf-q -quf ufjd jd fsgcrbihced (rfncbxd). Jfssf rfncbxd, sf cid cidac ac ukc pf pfquf qufjc jc fs fs-`f -`frc, rc, quf prfssbdjcec pdr ukc kdic sfrvf ef `rfb `r fbdd pc pcrc rc qu quff d gc gcjh jhçd çd jç jçdd mb mbrf rf ibvrfkfjtf, d quf prfauebgcrbc d ndk ùjgbd ùj gbdjc jckf kfjt jtdd ed kf kfsk skd. d. Fs Fssf sf rfncbx rfn cbxd, d, sfr sfrvf vf ef rf` rf`frá frájgb jgbcc pcr pcrcc d ciujd ciu jd sf ncs ncsfcr fcr jc efs efskdj kdjtcm tcmfk fk f kdjtcmfk ed kfskd. Gdkd gbtckds cjtf tfrb rbddrk rkffjtf d gcjhçd efvf pfrkcjfgfr prfsd pfic ghcvf (qucjed hduvfr) du pfic `frrckfjtc ef cnfrturc

@bmurc 36- ^ftbrf d gbibjerd ed gcjhçd.


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nfk jc vfrtbgci. gcsd bssd jçd dgdrrc pdefrã gcbr cimujs pbjds sfmrfeds, f sf d quf â pbdr, d tund j± 3 jçd `dr nfk cpdbced jd gcjhçd, pcrc quf d gdrpd ed gbibj-erd, sf trcjs`brc pcrc d kfskd, kfs kd, `ctc `ctci-kf i-kfjtf jtf gcë gcërc, rc, uk du kcbs kc bs gd gdjtr jtrcc pbpb-jd jds. s. Bst Bstdd vc vcbb jd jdss dnrbmcr c gdidgã-ids, uk c uk gdk d usd ed tund j± 3 ed ebspdsbtbvd tftrc du pr prfp fpcrc crcrk rkds ds uk gd gdj`d j`drk rkff d kfskd. Gdkd d ciujd pdef vfr jc `bmurc 33, fssf tund tfk fk ukc ecs fxtrfkbece fxtrf kbecefs fs uk fjtci fjtcihf hf bjgibj bjgibjced ced (fk `drkc ef rckpc) quf â pdr djef efvfrã efv frã sfr gdid gdidgce gcedd d gdj gdjtrc trc pbjd efjtrd ed gdrpd ed gbibjerd, ec sfmubjtf `drkc. Gdidquf fssf tund pfic pcrtf trcsfb trc sfbrc rc ed gdrpd gdrpd ed gbibjerd gbibjerd,, gdk c "rckpc" jc pdsbíçd efsgfjefjtf. @bmurc 3=. Gdk c pbjíc gdidquf c kdibjhc pfic `rfjtf gdj`drkf vbkds jc `bmurc 3=. Cp÷s gdidgcr c kdic, bjtrdeuzbkds d gdjtrc pbjd pfic `rfjtf, gdk c pbjíc du gdidgckds d kfskd pcrc quf efsíc pfic "rckpc" ed tund f gcbc jd gcjci. (@bmurc 38). @fbtd bssd mbrc-sf d tund pcrc quf pcssf pdrr gbk pd gbkcc ed gdj gdjtrc trc pbj pbjd, d, gdj gdj`dr `drkf kf `bmurc 32. Fssc dpfrcíçd efvf sfr rfpftbecc ctâ quf sfac gdidgced ds qucrfpftbe trd gdjtrc pbjds ec pcrtf trcsfbrc ed gbibjerd. Gdidgceds tdeds ds pbjds eds gcjcbs trcsfbrds rfpftbkds cs dpfrcíöfs pcrc ds gcjc gcjcbs bs ebcj ebcjtfbrds tfbrds,, gdj`drkf `bmurc 32. Gdkd d ciujd efvf tfr pfrgfnbed â ukc tcrf`c trcncihdsc. _drtcjtd, gcprbghcr jc efskdjtcmfk â bkpdrtcjtf pcrc fvbtcr tdec fssc trcncihfbrc. Vkc pcr pcrtbgu tbguicrb icrbece eceff efs efstf tf gbibjerd tftrc â quf cpfscr ef sfr ñjbgd, c ghcvf ùjgbdjc pfids edbs iceds. _dr fssc rczçd c ghcvf â eupic, du sfac rfpftf cs gcvcs jc pdjtc ec ghcvf ef `drkc bjvfrtbec f rfguce rfgucec. c. GV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

Uund j± >

@bmurc 30- ^fkdvc d gcjhçd ec kdrsc.

@bmurc 3=- Gdidquf d tund pfic pcrtf ef trãs ed gdrpd ed gbibjerd.

@bmurc 38- Bjtrdeuzbjed c kdibjhc f efpdbs d gdjtrc pbjd pfic `rfjtf utbibzcjed ukc pbjíc.

@bmurc 32- Mbrcjed d tund pcrc pcsscr pdr gbkc ed gdjtrc pbjd.

8


_dr fssc rczçd â quf c ghcvf tfk efzfssfbs gcvcs f jçd dbtd, quf sçdd c qu sç qucj cjtbe tbece ceff ef pb pbjd jdss sf sfmrf mrfed edss ed gbibjerd. _crcc fjt _cr fjtfj fjefr efr kfi kfihd hdrr d quf cgcnckds ef ebzfr, vfac jc `bm `bmurc urc >? quf cs gcvcs ec hcstf supfrbdr ec ghcvf fstçd bjvfrtbecs f rfguc-ecs fk 3/ 3/55 ef (h (hcs cstf tf fs fsqu qufr frec ec ï su su-pfrbdr) vditc. _crcc c kue _cr kuecjí cjícc ef sfm sfmrfe rfedd efstf gbibjerd, gbibjerd, c fxfkpid ed quf cgdjtfgf gdk quciqufr gbibjerd Rcif, ncstc sunstbtubr uk pbjd kfjdr pdr dutrd kcbdr, f rfncbxcr c gcvc ef ukc g÷pbc `fbtc ec ghcvf drbmbjci, gdkd cibãs aã `db fjsbjced fk ibíçd cjtfrbdr. Gdkd aã `db ebtd, fkndrc fstf gbibjerd pdssuc quctrd sfmrfeds, ncstc citfrcr uk cpfjcs.

Gcvcs

>

5

3

7

7 3

5

> Gcvcs

@bmurc >?- Gcvcs ec hcstf supfrbdr bjvfrtbecs fk 3/5 ef vditc.

GDJ@FGÍÇD EC GHCPF UFU^C C gdj`fgíçd ec ghcvf tftrc jc ibkc â trcncihdsc, sfac fic ef vbjtf pbjds sfmrfeds, sfac ef dbtd pbjds. Urctc-sf ef ukc ghcvf quf pdssuf jd gcsd ed gbibjerd ef vbjtf pbjds gbjgd gcvcs fk gcec hcstf, f quctrd fk gcec hcstf ec ef dbtd pbjds, aã quf fic â eupic. _drtcjtd c gdj`fgíçd ec ghcvf pcrc ds edbs gcsds â d kfskd quf ef quctrd ghcvfs gdkujs ef quc-trd du gbjgd pbjds sfmrfeds. _def-sf fvbtcr bssd, kcjtfjed fk fstdq fstdquf uf ghcv ghcvfs fs prdj prdjtcs tcs gdpbc gdpbc-ecs ef ghcvfs ef gibfjtfs, f kdjtcr ds pbjds ef cgdred gdk fssc ghcvf. Bkpdrtcjtf1 Cd `czfr c g÷pbc ec ghcvf ed gibfjtf bkfebctckfjtf cprdùjef uk pdugd c gcvc ef quciqufr uk pbjd sfmrfed kfjdr pcrc quf fstc ghcvf aã tfjhc sfu sfmrfed kueced. _crc `czfr c ghcvf, efskdjtf d gbibjerd gdj`drkf aã fjsbjced f gdidquf ds pbjds sfmrfeds jd pdrtc pbjd. Gdidquf d gcjhçd jd ebsGV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

@bmurc >3- Gdj`fgíçd ec ghcvf Uftrc.

pdsbtbvd tftrc, `bmurc >3 quf efvfrã fstcr prfsd jc kdrsc. _fmuf c ghcvf prdjtc, f gdidquf-c jd gcjhçd. Ds pbjds sfmrfeds rfkdvbeds f quf fstçd gdidgceds jd pdrtc pbjds , fsgdihc edbs quf `cíck ’ibjhc zfrd‛. (@bmurc >>)._def cgdjtfgfr ef jfk tdeds ds pbjds sfmrfeds mrf eds rftb rftbrce rceds ds eáf eáfk k gfrtd jfstc ghcvf. _drtcjtd â jfgfssãrbd pdssubr fstdquf ef ebvfrsds tckcjhds ef pbjds sfmrfeds. @fbtd c ’ibjhc zfrd‛, mbrf c ghcvf 3/5 ef vditc vditc ctâ c pr÷xbk pr÷xbkcc sârbf sârbf 2

ef gcjcbs . Ec kfskc `drkc quf c cjtfrbdr, gdidquf edbs pbjds quf eáfk ’ibjhc zfrd‛. (@bmurc >7). Ef kcbs uk mbrd (3/5 ef vditc) ctâ c pr÷xbkc sârbf ef gcjcbs, f gdidquf ds pbjds sfmrfeds `czfjed ’ibjhc zfrd‛. (@bmurc >5). _crc `bjcibzcr ef kcbs 3/5 ef vditc f gdidquf ds pbjds pcrc gdkpiftcr d 5± sfmrfed. (@bmurc >6). Ctfjíçd1 Sucj Sucjed ed `d `drr `f `fbtc btc c g÷pbc ec ghcvf ef uk gibfjtf, `cíc d cprdùjeckfjtd ef ukc gcvc rcsc. BJWUBUVUD VJBPF^WCI N^CWBIFB^D

@bmurc >>- @czfjed ’ibjhc zfrd‛ ef edbs pbjds sfmrfeds.

@bmurc >7- Mbrf 3/5 ef vditc ctâ c pr÷xbkc sârbf ef gcjcbs f gdidquf ds edbs pbjds quf efák c ’ibjhc zfrd‛.

@bmurc >6- Eá 3/5 ef vditc f gdkpiftf d 5± sfmrfed.

@bmurc >5- ^fpftc ds prdgfssds rfcibzceds jcs `bmurcs >> f >7.

Gdkd fstf cprdùjeckfjtd `db cifct÷rbd, pdef cgdjtfgfr ef jfjhuk pbjd `czfr c ‛ibjhc zfrd‛, jfstf gcsd efvf-sf cprdùjecr c gcvc ctâ quf d pbjd eá ’ibjhc zfrd‛. Pfac quf c ghcvf quf pdefrbc ecr trcncihd gcsd `dssf `fbtc gcvc pdr gcvc, jc ibkc, `db fxfgutcec ef `drkc rãpbec f prfgbsc. Cmdrc â s÷ kdjtcr d gbibjerd. _crc tcjtd, prfjec c ghcvf jc kdrsc, gdj`drkf `bmurc >0 f rftbrf d ebspdsbtbvd tftrc. C sfmubr, gdidquf d gdrpd ed gbibjerd quf fstã gdk d tund sdnrf d gcjhçd gcjhçd f vã cncbxcjed-d cncbxcjed-d GV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

@bmurc >0- Kdjtf d gbibjerd, prfjec c ghcvf jc kdrsc f rftbrf d ebspdsbtbvd Uftrc.

3?


CNFÛV^C EF @FGHCEV^C UFU^C

@bmurc >=- Fjgcbxf d gdrpd ed gbibjerd jd gcjhçd.

^fncbxd

3- Cjfi

Efjtf Bkpuisdr

Cjfi ^fsscitd Efjtf Bkpuisdr

@bmurc >8- ^fncbxd ed gbibjerd vditced pcrc d rfsscitd ed gcjhçd.

kfskd ctâ quf sf fjgcbxf jd gcjhçd. (@bmurc >=).

Ctfjíçd1 _crc c kdjtcmfk tdkf gdkd rf`frájgbc rfncbxd djef efvf fjgcbxcr c fs`frc (`bmurc 36) f d rfsscitd ed gcjhçd quf efvf fjgcbxcr jd rfncbxd ed gd gdrp rpd. d. Gd Gdid idqu quff d ef efjt jtff bk bkpu puis isdr dr f d cjfi fiãstbgd pcrc gdjgiubr. (@bm (@bmurc urc >8). GV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

@bmurc C- @frrckfjtc pcrc cnfrturc ef `fghceurcs Uftrcs.

33

Fxbstfk edbs kdefids ef `frrckfjtcs pcrc cnfrturc ef `fghceurcs tftrc. _crc fss fsscs cs `fg `fghce hceurc urcss gua guadd gbibjerd â bjefpfjefjtf gdk ctâ efz pbjds sfmrfeds sfmrfeds c `frrck `frrckfjtc fjtc kdstrcec jc `bmurc C rfsdivf c kcbdrbc eds gcsds. Fstc Fs tc `f `frr rrck ckfj fjtc tc ef efvf vf sf sfrr b jt rdeuz bec jd gb i b jerd f kdvbkfjtcec ef `drkc gbrguicr pcrc ncbxd< fsqufrec cgbkc f ebrfbtc pcrc efjtrd f pcrc `drc fk kdvbkfjtds gdjstcjtfs f rfpftbeds. (@bmurc N). C dutrc `frrckfjtc â gdjhfgbec gdkd sfkb-cutdkãtbg sfkb-cutdkãtbgc. c. (@bmurc G). Cssbk Css bk gh ghck ckce cecc pdr pdrqu quff cd kd kdvbvbkfjtcr d pbstçd pcrc `rfjtf f pcrc trãs (vcb f vfk) cs kdics (pdjtcs) vçd kuecjed ef pdsbíçd. Fic ùjgbdjc ec sfmubjtf kcjfbrc1 bjtrdeuzc c pdjtc tftrc (3) jd gbibibje gb jerd rd gd gdk k cs kd kdics ics rfg rfguc ucec ecss (efjtrd ec pdjtc). Cgbdjf d pbstçd (>) kdvfjedd pcrc `rfjtf f pcrc trãs, `bmurc E (kdvbkfjtd vcb f vfk) gdjtbjuckfjtf cd kfs kfskd kd tfk tfkpd pd fk qu quff ef efvf vf mbrcr c ghcvf ef cgbdjckfjtd ifvfkfjtf jd sfjtbed ef cnrbr. Fk eced kdkfjtd gdk fssfs kdvb kfjt ds cgdjt fgfrã d cibjhck cibj hckfjtd fjtd eds pbjd pbjdss sfm sfmrfed rfedss `drkcjed c ’ibjhc zfrd‛, cgdjtfgfjed d mbrd ed gc- jhçd fk 3/0 ef vditc. Jçd fsqufíc, sçd 5 sârbfs ef gdjtrc pbjds, pdrtcjtd c gcec 3/5 ef vditc (2?±) d gcjhçd trcvc jdvckfjtf, d quf jds dnrbmc c rfpftbr cs dpfrcíöfs ctâ gdkpiftcr d mbrd ef 70?± ed gcjhçd. Bstd pcrc rfgdihfr d 3± cvcjíd ec ibjmùftc. _crc rfgdihfr d sfmujed cvcjíd rfpftf-sf rfpftf -sf tued jdvc jdvckfjtf kfjtf.. BJWUBUVUD VJBPF^WCI N^CWBIFB^D

Kdvbkfjtd ec `frrckfjtc

Wunc f efsíc ifjtckfjtf

@bmurc N- Cnfrturc ec `fghceurc tftrc gdk c `frrckfjtc ec `bmurc C.

\3[ pdjtc tftrc

\7[ ghcvf ef cgbdjckfjtd

Bjtfrjd Kdics quf efstrcvck ds pbjds

\>[ pbstçd

Kfgcjbskd gdjtrdicedr ecs kdics quf efstrcvck ds pbjds

@bmurc G- @frrckfjtc sfkb-cutdkãtbgc pcrc cnfrturc ef `fghceurc Uftrc.

Pcb f Pfk

@bmurc E- Cnrbjed c `fghceurc tftrc gdk c `frrckfjtc sfkb-cutdkãtbgc.

Jçd `drgf efkcbs c ghcvf ef cgbdjckfjtd pcrc efstrcvcr d gcjhçd, pdbs bstd pdef dgcsbdjcr c qufnrc ecs pdjtcs ec `frrckfjtc pdjtc du kfskd cs kdics quf cibjhck ds pbjds sfmrfeds. @drgf kdefrceckfj kdefrceckfjtf tf f sf jçd gdj gdjsfm sfmubr ubr áxb áxbtd, td, ebk ebkbju bjucc tdt tdtciciGV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

kfjtf c `dríc, pcrc quf ds pbjds sfmrfeds rftdrjfk cs sucs pdsbíöfs f c sfmubr rfgdkfgf c cnfrturc.

@FGHCEV^C @FGHC EV^CUVNVIC UVNVIC^ ^ Fstf tbpd ef `fghceurc â kubtd uscec fk ebvbs÷rbcs. Fic sf gcrcgtfrbzc pdr pdssubr tded d sfu kfgcjbskd fk uk ñjbgd 3>

(@bmurc >2) D gbi gdjaujtd. (@bmurc gbibj bjerd erd efss ef sscc `f `fgh ghce ceur urcc `b`bgc gc fk fknu nutbtbed ed efjtrd ef ukc ecs kcícjftcs.

@FGHCEV^CW FIÂU^BGCW

Wçd `fghceurcs fiftrdkfgîjbgcs quf ùjgbdjck tcjtd gdkd ghcvf gdkuk Rcif, gdkd tcknâk pdefk sfr cgbdjcecs c ebstîjgbc pdr BJWUBUVUD VJBPF^WCI N^CWBIFB^D

Fjgcbxf ec hcstf Iced bjtfrjd

Urbjgd

_crcùsds ec kcícjftc

Hcstf

Ibjmùftc Ufstc

Iced fxtfrjd

_crcùsds gdk trbjgd

_crcùsds ec gdjtrctfstc Gdjtrctfstc

@bmurc >2- Gdjaujtd gdkpcgtd ec `fghceurc tunuicr. 3- Ndnbjc Ndnbjcs s 5- Ncsf

>- Gdjfgtdr ef 7- Kbgrd Wwbtgh cibkfjtcíçd

6- Kdic trcvc

0- Urcvc

=- Gdjtrc tfstc

8- Wupdrtf ecs ndnbjcs

2- Jñgifd ecs ndnbjcs

33- Urcvc

3?- Kdic trcvc

3=- Ibjmùftc 37- Ncicjgfcedr 3>- Cgbdjcedr ec ghcvf

35- Kdic ef cgbdjcedr

36- Fbxd ec ibjmùftc

30- Kdic ec ibjmùftc

38- Uckpc

32- Gbibjerd

@bmurc 7?- Kfgîjbskd ef `fghceurc fiftrdkfgîjbgc.


37


uk gdkc gdkcjed jed quciq quciqufr, ufr, bjtfr bjtfrruptd ruptdr, r, tfif`djf, ftg. Wçd kubtd uscecs fk pdrtfbrds pdrtf brds fiftrõ fiftrõjbgds jbgds.. Fxbstf Fxbstfk k tbpds sbkpifs f sd`bstbgceds kcs d prbjgëpbd ef ùjgbdjckfjtd â d kfskd, du sfac, pdr kcmjftbskd. Jc `bmurc 7? kdstrckds d kfgcjbskd ef uk kdefid ef `fghceurc fiftrdkfgîjbgc kubtd utibzcec, `cnrbgcec pfic Crdugc. Cjtfs ef fxpibgcr sfu prbjgëpbd prbjgëpbd ef ùjgbdjckfjtd â prfgbsd scnfr d prbjgëpbd ed kcmjftbskd.

Fstf kdvbkfjtd ed jñgifd pdef sfr cprdvfbtced pcrc, prfjefr, sditcr, kdvbkfjtcr, ftg., dutrd kfgcjbskd quciqufr, f â austckfjtf d quf `cz c `fghceurc fiâtrbgc ec `bmurc 77, aujtckfjtf gdk d kfgcjbskd. Jñgifd Ghcvf

Dnsfrvf quf eurcjtf d efsidgckfjtd ec trcvc ec ibjmùftc (0) efsibmckds ds gdjtctds ec ghcvf kbgrdswbtgh (7). Bstd efvf dgdrrfr pdrquf sf ds sdif sdifj÷b j÷befs efs pfr pfrkcj kcjfgf fgfrfk rfk gdjstcj gdjs tcjtfkf tfkfjtf jtf fjf fjfrmbz rmbzced cedss c ibjmùftc jçd pdef sfr trcvcec. _crc `fghcr ds gdjtctds ec ghcvf (7) â jfgfssãrbd trcvcr c ibjmùftc jdvckfjtf (pdrtc `fghcec). Vk gbibjerd gdkuk tbpd Rcif, pfrkbtf c cnfrturc ec `fghceurc kcjucikfjtf, gdk suc ghcvf, pdrt pdrtcjtd cjtd sf sfk k jf jfgf gfss ssbe bece ceff ed cgbdjckfjtd fiâtrbgd, pdr bjtfrkâebd ed cgbdjcedr `bxced cd gbibjerd, quf cgbdjc d ncicjgbk f suc trcvc, ibnfrcjed c trcvc ec ibjmùftc.

EF@FBUDW

@bmurc 73- Gckpd kcmjâtbgd `drkced pfic ndnbjc.

VK _DVGD EF FIFU^BGBECEF

@bmurc 7>- Jñgifd fstãvfi pdr jçd tfr d gckpd kcmjâtbgd.

C beâbc ùjeckfjtci ed ùjgbdjckfjtd efssc `fghceurc fstã jd `ctd ef quf ukc gdrrfjtf fiâtrbgc cd pfrgdrrfr ukc ndnbjc grbc uk gckpd kcmjâtbgd. (@bmurc 73). Wf gdidgcrkds uk jñgifd jd bjtfrbdr efssc ndnbjc, ef `drkc quf fif pdssc sf kdvbkfjtcr jd sfjtbed vfrtbgci, cd sf `czfr gbrguicr gdrrfjtf pfic ndnbjc, fstf jñgifd sfrã ctrcëed pcrc d bjtfrbdr ec ndnbjc. Dnsfrvf pfic `bmurc 7>, quf, qucjed c ghcvf fstã cnfrtc, jçd gbrguic gdrr gdrrfjtf fjtf<< gdj gdjsfq sfqùfj ùfjtfkf tfkfjtf, jtf, jçd sf `drkc d gckpd kcmjâtbgd, d quf kcjtâk d jñgifd fstãvfi. Cd `fghcr c ghcvf, gbrguic gdrrfjtf, `drkc-sf d gckpd kcmjâtbgd quf ctrcb d jñgifd.

Gdkfíckds, bkcmbjcjed c ibjmùftc trcjgcec, bstd â, c pdrtc fjgdjtrc-sf `fghcec, f qufrfkds cnrb-ic. _crc bstd, `fghckds d bjtfrruptdr tbpd gckpcbjhc >>, pcrc quf pdssc gbrguicr gdrrfjtf pfids sdifj÷befs, fjfrmbzcjed-ds, f tcknâk pfic ghcvf kbg kbgrd rd-sw -swbtg btghh (7) (7),, qu quff jf jfstf stf kd kd-kfjtd (ibjmùftc trcvcec), efvf fstcr gdk sfus gdjtctds `fghceds, fstcnfifgfjed cssbk uk gbrgubtd `fghced. Vkc vfz fjfrmbzceds ds sdifj÷befs, j÷be fs, sfus jñgifds sçd ctrcë ctrcëeds eds kdvbkfjtcjed d ncicjgbk (35). Fstf pdr suc vfz, ifvcjtc suc trcvc, `czfjed gdk quf c trcvc ec ibjmùftc (0) sf efsidquf jd sfjtbed bjebgced pfics ibjhcs trcgfacecs ed efsfjhd, cnrbjed c pdrtc.


35

Ds ef` ef`fbtd fbtdss kfg kfgîjb îjbgds gds kcb kcbss gdkujs sçd ds kfskds ecs dutrcs `fghceurcs gdjvfjgbdjcbs, du sfac, ghcvfs,, pbjds, gdjtrc pbjds, kdibjhcs, ghcvfs kdics f pfícs ef cgbdjckfjtd, ftg. Jc pcrtf fiâtrbgc ds ef`fbtds pdefk sfr jc ndnbjc, ghcvf f bjtfrruptdr1 3± C pdrtc jçd cnrf gdk gdkcjed fiâtrbgd, du sfac, c ibjmùftc jçd efstrcvc. Gdk ukc iîkpcec ef prdvc quf kcbs jcec â quf ukc iîkpcec 33?v 0?v, gdjfgtcec c uk sdquftf, pfícc pcr pfí pcrcc cim cimuâk uâk kcj kcjtfr tfr d bjt bjtfrfrruptdr cgbdjced, f cpibquf cs pdjtcs ef pr prdv dvcc jd jdss pd pdjt jtds ds C f N, ec `bmurc 75 C iîkpcec cgfjefu4 Wbk- Pã pcrc d sfmujed tfstf. Jçd- _def sfr d bjtfrruptdr >>, `db bjtfrrdkpbed, du `citc fjfrmbc. >± Cbjec gdk d bjtfrruptdr `fghced cpibquf c iîkpcec jds pdjtds @ f E . C iîkpcec cgfjefu4 Wbk- Urdquf c ndnbjc. Jçd- Urdquf ds kbgrd-swbtgh. Fstc `fghceurc qucjed cgbdjcec pfic ghcvf d efjtf bkpuisdr ed BJWUBUVUD VJBPF^WCI N^CWBIFB^D

33 Urcvc

0 Urcvc ec ibjmùftc

35 Ncicjgbk

2 Jñgifd ecs ndnbjcs

38 Uckpc

7 Ghcvf Kbgrd-Wwbtgh 3 Ndnbjcs

>> Bjtfrruptdr

@bmurc 77- @fghceurc fiâtrbgc f d sfu kfgîjbskd.

(pfíc íc 37 37)) sç cncbxcr d ncic cncbxcr ncicjgb jgbced cedrr (pf sçdd ds jñgifds ecs ndnbj bjccs gdkd aã fxpibgced.

KFWU^CMFK

(38 Ef`fbtd)

C

N

@bmurc 75- Ufstf rfcibzced pcrc fjgdjtrcr ds ef`fbtds.

gcjhçd cncbxc d ncicjgbcedr (pfíc quff pd pdrr su succ vf vfz, z, cn cncb cbxc xc c pf 37) qu pfíc íc 33, pfíc íc 0, quf â c pfíc tr quff tr qu trcv cvcc c pf trccvc ec ibjmùftc, ibnfrtcjed-c pcrc quf c GV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

pdrtc cnr pdrtc cnrc. c. Suc Sucjed jed cgb cgbdjc djcec ec pdr gdkcje gdk cjedd fiâ fiâtrbg trbgdd du fif fiftrõ trõjbg jbgd, d, d ùjgbdjckfjtd â d kfskd, s÷ quf cd bjvâ bj vâss ef sf sfrr d ef efjt jtff bk bkpu puis isdr dr c 36

Kfstrcr sbmjb`bgc prfpcrcr vãrbds gbibjerds, gdk vcrbcíöfs eb`frfjtfs ef sfmrfeds. _defk sfr dpfrceds pdr suc pr÷prbc ghcvf f pdr ukc ghcvf kfstrc f vbgf-vfrsc. Pãrbcs ghcvfs eb`frfjtfs eb`frfjtfs pdefk dpfrcr uk gbibjerd kfstrced. _crc kfstrcr gbibjerds, utbibzcsf uk du kcbs pbjds ef kfstrcmfk aujtckfjtf gdk ds pbjds jdrkcbs ef sfmrfed. Gdjsfmuf-sf, Gdjsfmuf -sf, cssbk, vãrbcs pdssbnbibecefs ef cibjhckfjtd eds pbjds jc `cgf ef ebvbsçd, fjtrf d gdrpd ed gbibjerd f d gcjhçd tcknâk ghckced ef ’ibjhc zfrd‛. (@bmurc 76). BJWUBUVUD VJBPF^WCI N^CWBIFB^D

Gbibjerd

_bjd sfmrfed

Jcrbz

Ibjhc ’?‛

Kdic

_bjd ef kfstrc kfstrcmfk mfk pfrkbtf edbs cibjhckfjtds ef ’ibjhc zfrd‛

_bjd-Uckpc

@bmurc 76- Kfstrcmfk ef gbibjerd, dntfjed-sf cssbk c ’ibjhc zfrd‛.

tds pdr ukc ghcvf fspfgbci, ghckcec "ghcvf kfstrc", ciâk ef sucs rfspfgtbvcs ghcvfs. (@bmurc 7=).

M^CJ-KFWU^CMFK C_UD.3

C_UD.>

C_UD.7 C_UD.5

_drtc ef fjtrcec ed feb`ëgbd

C_UD.6

Mcrcmfk

@bmurc 70- Kfstrcmfk gfjtrci (cnfrturc ef uk du kcbs gbibjerds gdkujs).

KFWU^CMFK GFJU^CI Â d sb sbst stfk fkcc gu guac acss gh ghcv cvfs fs cnrfk, ciâk ef sfus rfspfgtbvds gbibjerds, uk du kcbs gbibjerds gdkujs. Gdkd Gd kd fx fxfk fkpi pidd pd pdef efkd kdss gb gbtc tcrr cs ghcvfs ef tdeds ds cpcrtckfjtds ef uk feb`ë feb`ëgbd gbd rfsb rfsbefjg efjgbci bci ùjg ùjgbdjc bdjck k GV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

tcknâk tckn âk,, jc pd pdrt rtcc ef fj fjtr trce cecc prbjgbpci (qucjed jçd hã pdrtcrbc) f jc pdrtc ec mcrcmfk. (@bmurc 70).

KFWU^CMFK _^BJGB_CI Â d sbstfkc fk quf ds gbibjerds ef uk mrupd ef pdrtcs sçd cnfr30

Â c gdknbjcíçd ef vãrbds sbstfkcs ef kfstrcmfk prbjgbpci, djef ebvfrsds mrupds ef pdrtcs sçd cnfrtcs pfics rfspfgtbvcs "ghcvfs kfstrcs" f tcknâk sçd cnfrtcs pdr ukc ñjbgc ghcvf ghckcec "mrcj-kfstrc". Fxfkpid1 Kubtd usced fk hdtâbs, kdtâbs, ìcts, hdspbtcbs, ftg. Â c kfstrcmfk kfst rcmfk djef ukc ghcvf mrcjkfstrc ùjgbdjc fk tdeds ds gbibjerds eds ebvfrsds mrupds ef cpcrtckfjtds, f gcec mrupd tfk suc rfspfgtbvc "ghcvf-kfstrc", f gcec gibfjtf, h÷spfef du pcgbfjtf tfk suc ghcvf bjebvbeuci. (@bmurc 78).

GBIBJE^DW _C^C KFWU^CMFK Ds gbi gbibje bjerds rds pcr pcrcc kfs kfstrc trcmf mfk k efvfk sfr ec kfskc kcrgc f kdefid. BJWUBUVUD VJBPF^WCI N^CWBIFB^D

Eá prf`frájgbc pcrc gbibjerds jdvds, pdbs kfstrc kfs trcrr gbibjerds jerds usc usceds eds rfq rfqufr ufr ukc rfvbsçd mfrci eds pbjds sfmrfeds, gdjtrc pbjds, kdics, fvfjtucbs sunstbtubíöfs fk gcsd ef efsmcstfs ef pbjds f fj`rcqufgbkf fj`rcq ufgbkfjtd jtd ef kdics kdics.. Efvf-sf bj`drkcr d gibfjtf ef quff ds gbi qu gbibje bjerds rds kf kfstr strce ceds ds ták kf-j kf-jdr dr eurcíç eur cíçdd qu quff ds gbi gbibje bjerds rds jdr jdrkcbs, kcbs, pdbs pdbs ds kfstrceds ták citurc këjbkc f pdr bss bssdd efs efsmcs mcstck tck kcb kcbss rcp rcpbec bec-kfjtf. _rdeutds ef ibkpfzc tcknâk pdefk ecjb`bgcr d gbibjerd kfstrced. Mfrcikfjtf d ghcvfbrd fxfgutc pfqu pfqufjcs fjcs kfstrcmfjs, kfstrcmfjs, pdbs mrcjefs kfstrcmfjs gdkd ef hdtâbs, sçd fjgdkfjececs ebrftckfjtf gdk d `cnrbgcjtf ef `fghceurcs. _crc sf fxfgutcr ukc kfstrcmfk â jfgfssãrbd cimukcs bj`drkcíöfs fspfgb`bgcs gdkd1 c kfstrcmfk

Ghcvf Kfstrc

@bmurc 7=- Ghcvf Kfstrc (cnfrturc ef gbibjerds pdr ukc ghcvf fspfgbci f sucs rfspfgtbvcs ghcvfs.

Ghcvf Mrcj-Kfstrc

Ghcvf Kfstrc

Ghcvf Kfstrc

Kfstrcmfk _rbjgbpci

Kfstrcmfk _rbjgbpci

@bmurc 78- Ghcvf ’Mrcj-Kfstrc‛ (cnfrturc ef tdeds ds gbibjerds eds ebvfrsds mrupds ef cpcrtckfjtds).


3=


3± Cjecr gcec `fghceurc tfk suc ghcvf

>± Cjecr gcec `fghceurc tfk suc ghcvf

7± Cjecr gcec `fghceurc tfk suc ghcvf 5± Cjecr gcec `fghceurc tfk suc ghcvf

Vkc kfstrc pcrc d 3± cjecr 3± cjecr

Vkc kfstrc pcrc d >± cjecr

Vkc kfstrc pcrc d 3± d 3± f >± cjecrfs

Vkc kfstrc pcrc d 7± cjecr

Vkc kfstrc pcrc d 5± cjecr

Vkc Mrcjkfstrc pcrc tdeds ds cjecrfs

Vkc kfstrc pcrc d 7± d 7± f 5± cjecrfs

^fstcurcjtf Nu``ft Cefmc Ncr Gdzbjhc Ebspfjsc @rbmdrë`bgd

@bmurc 72- Gbibjerds pcrc kfstrcmfk ef uk hdtfi.

sfrã ef mrupds ef pdrtcs quf efvfrçd tfr ukc ghcvf kfstrc, du jd gcsd ef kfstrcmfk prbjgbpci quf pdrtcs efvfrçd sfr cnfrtcs gdk c kfskc ghcvf ef sfu cpcrtckfjtd, f cssbk pdr ebcjtf. Jd gcsd ef hdtâbs, pdef pd ef-s -sff `c `czf zfrr uk ukcc ce cecp cptc tcíç íçdd pcrtbjed ef uk fsqufkc nãsbgd gdk d fxfkpid ec `bmurc 72. _def-s _de f-sff trc trcnci ncihcr hcr gdk gbi gbibjbjerds ef sfmrfeds eb`frfjtfs, du gdk gbibjerds gdk d kfskd sfmrfed. Jds gcj gcjcbs cbs dj djef ef sfr sfrçd çd gdi gdiddgceds ds pbjds ef kfstrcmfk efvfsf gdidgcr ds pbjds kcbs citds f pdrGV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

tcjtd ghcvfs gdk gcvcs prdùjecs. C sfmubr cjcibscrfkds uk gcsd prãtbgd ef kfstrcmfk pcrc uk pfqufjd prâebd gdk 7 cpcrtckfjtds, zficedrbc, mcrcmfk f hcii ef fjtrcec, f quf efvf ùjgbdjcr gdkd d fsqufkc ec `bmurc 5?. Fstc kfstrcmfk `db `fbtc gdk gbibj gb ibjer erds ds ec kc kcrgc rgc Nrc Nrcsbi sbi,, gd gdk k d kfskdd sfmrf kfsk sfmrfed. ed. Urcnc Urcncihckihck-sf sf ds pbjds ef kfstrcmfk jds edbs ñitbkds gcjcbs. Jc ghcvf kfstrc, quf â c ec zficedrbc, ds edbs ñitbkds pbjds `drck trdgceds pdr pbjds kcbdrfs, guad 38

`bmurc urc 53. Ds tr sfmrfed vfr sfmrfed vfrfkd fkdss jc `bm tráás prbkf prb kfbrd brdss pbj pbjds ds pf pfrk rkcj cjfgf fgfrck rck drbmbjcbs. Ds pbjds sfmrfeds utbibzc-eds jds gbibjerds Nrcsbi ták cs sf-mubjtfs citurcs kdstrcecs jc `bmurc 5>. Cssbk, ef cgdred gdk ds pbjds utbibzceds vckds gdeb`bgcr d sfmrfed ed gbibjerd ec zficedrbc, quf â c ghcvf kfstrc gdk cs rf`frájgbcs. Ds pb pbjd jdss ef kf kfst strc rcmf mfk k sç sçdd `cnrbgceds gdk citurcs quf vcrbck ef kfbd fk kfbd kbiëkftrd, f ùjgbdjck gdkdd gdjtrc pbjds, gdkpifkfjtds gdk gdkpifkfjtds ed pbjd sfmrfed. (@bmurc 57). BJWUBUVUD VJBPF^WCI N^CWBIFB^D

Fjtrcec

Ghcvf Kfstrc Kfstrc - zficedr cnrf tdecs cs pdrtcs. Ghcvf Cptd.3 Cptd.3 - cnrf tcknâk c pdrtc ef fjtrcec ec mcrcmfk. Ghcvf Cptd.> Cptd.> - cnrf tcknâk c pdrtc ef fjtrcec ec mcrcmfk. Ghcvf Cptd.7 Cptd.7 - cnrf tcknâk c pdrtc ef fjtrcec ec mcrcmfk.

Cptd. 3

Mcrcmfk

Cptd. >

Cptd.7

Kfstrc-Qficedr

@bmurc 5?- Kfstrcmfk ef uk prâebd ef 7 cpcrtckfjtds.

@bmurc 53- Ghcvf Kfstrc- Wfmrfed eds edbs ñitbkds pbjds quf `drck trdgceds pdr pbjds kcbdrfs.

>,6kk

3

5,>kk

> ?,6kk

5,8kk

7

6,6kk

5

0kk

6

3,6kk

>kk

>,6kk

7kk

@bmurc 57- Citurc eds pbjds ef kfstrcmfk.

@bmurc 5>- Citurc eds pbjds sfmrfeds utbibzceds jds gbibjerds Nrcsbi.


3kk

32


Gdeb`bgcíçd 5 > 7 3 7

@bmurc 55- Wfmrfed ed cpcrtckfjtd 3 f c gdeb`bgcíçd.


@bmurc 56- Wfmrfed ed cpcrtckfjtd > f c gdeb`bgcíçd.


@bmurc 50- Wfmrfed ed cpcrtckfjtd 7 f c gdeb`bgcíçd.


>?



@bmurc 5=- Wfmrfed ec pdrtc ef fjtrcec f mcrcmfk f c gdeb`bgcíçd.

Jfssc kfstrcmfk `drck utbibzceds pbjds ef kfstrcmfk ef 3 kk ef citurc. Dnsfrvf jcs `bmurcs 55, 56, 50 f 5= d sfmrfed f c gdeb`bgcíçd eds cpcrtckfjtds 3, > f 7, f ec pdrtc ef fjtrcec f mcrcmfk. Dnsf Dn sfrv rvff qu quff cm cmdr drcc ds ed edbs bs pbjds ef kfstrcmfk ef 3 kk ef citurc, gdidgceds jds ñitbkds gcjcbs, fstçd ùjgbdjcjed gdk gdjtrc pbjds. Fstfs pbjds sdkfjtf trcncihcrçd gdkd gdkpifkfjtd eds pbjds sfmrfeds pcrc vcrbcr c "ibjhc zfrd" eds sfmrfeds ec ghc ghcvfvf-kf kfstr strcc f ecs ghcvfs ghcvfs eds cpcr cpcrtck tckfjt fjtds, ds, pcr pcrcc quf fst fstcs cs cnrck cs pdrtcs ec mcrcmfk f fjtrcec. Pfac jdvckfjtf jc `bmurc 5=.

@bmurc 58- Pcrbcíçd ed sfmrfed ed cpcrtckfjtd 3.


Pcrbcíçd ed sfmrfed ed cpcrtckfjtd 3 pcrc cnrbr mcrcmfk f fjtrcec. Jfstf gcsd uk pbjd ef kfstrcmfk ed qucrtd gcjci ùjgbdjc gdkd gdkpifkf gdkp ifkfjtd jtd ed pb pbjd jd sf sfmr mrfe fedd f gd gdkd kd dutrd gdjtrc pbjd. F jd qubjtd gcjci gdjt gd jtbj bjuc uck k gd gdkd kd gd gdjt jtrc rc pb pbjd jds. s. (@bmurc 58). C vc vcrb rbcí cíçd çd ed sf sfmr mrfe fedd ed cpcrtckfjtd > tfk jds edbs gcjcbs (quucrtd f qubj (q bjtd td)) uk pbjd ef kfst kf strc rcmf mfk k tr trcn cnci cihc hcje jedd gd gdkd kd gdkpifkfjtd eds pbjds sfmrfeds f dutrd gdkd gdjtrc pbjd. (@bmurc 52). @bmurc 6?- Pcrbcíçd ed sfmrfed ed cpcrtckfjtd 7.

@bmurc 52- Pcrbcíçd ed sfmrfed ed cpcrtckfjtd >.

@bmurc 63- Pcrbcíçd ec Ghcvf-Kfstrc.

>3


Ebgcs1 3±- Pdgá efvf tfr pfrgfnbed quf c vcrbcíçd ef cibjhckfjtd eds pbjds, gdjhfgbec gdkd "ibjhc zfrd" â mrcjef fk ùjíçd ec qucjtbecef ef pbjds ef kfstrcmfk gdidgceds jds gcjcbs f jd jñkfrd ef gcjcbs utbibzceds.

Cutd

Kuitbidgl

>±- _crc kfstrcmfk ef gbibjerds gdk sfmrfeds eb`frfjtfs sumfrbkds c kuecjíc ed sfmrfed pfid kfjds jds gcjcbs djef trcncihc-sf gdk pbjds ef kfstrcmfk, aã quf jfstfss ds pb tf pbjd jdss sf sfrç rçdd tr trdg dgce ceds ds pd pdrr kcbdrfs. Jc vcrbcíçd ed cpcrtckfjtd 7, f ds 5 pbjds ef kfstrcmfk trcncihck gdkd gdjtrc pbjds. (@bmurc 6?). Jc vcrbcíçd ec ghcvf-kfstrc, ds pbj pbjds ds ef kfs kfstrc trcmfk mfk trc trcnci ncihck hck gdkd gdkpifkfjtd eds pbjds sfmrfeds. (@bmurc 63).

GD_BCED^C _CJUDM^Ã@BGC D ciujd gdjhfgfu jd bjëgbd ed gursd, c gdpbcedrc f sfus gdkpdjfjtfs nfk gdkd sfu usd jc gdj`fgíçd ef g÷pbcs ef ghcvfs ed Wbstfkc Rcif gdjvfjgbdjci, qucbs sfack, sbkpifs (uk iced), eupic, ef cutdk÷vfbs f tftrc. Cmdrc, vckds gdjhfgfr c gdpbcedrc pbce drc pcjt pcjtdmrã dmrã`bgc, `bgc, sfu sfuss gdkp gdkpddjfjtfs f suc cpibgcíçd jc gdj`fgíçd ef ghcv ghcvfs fs fspf fspfgbcbs, gbcbs, gdkd Kui Kuitbi tbiddgl, Kuitbpdjtd, Uunuicr, ftg, f cimukcs ec ibjhc cutdkdnbiëstbgc. (@bmurc 6>). Cd gdjtrãrbd ec kãqubjc gdpbcedrc gdkuk guac `rfsc gbrguicr gdrtc cs gcvcs jc fxtrfkbecef du fxtrfkbec kb ecef efss (g (gcs csdd ec gh ghcv cvff eu eupi pic) c) ec ghcvf, c pcjtdmrã`bgc gdrtc ictfrcikfjtf c hcstf ec ghcvf. Jc pcjtdmrã`bgc, c GV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

Uunuicr

@bmurc 6>- Ghcvfs1 Kuitbidgl,Uunuicr f Cutdkdnbiëstbgc.

`rfscmfk ec ghcvf â `fbtc jc vfrtbgci, gdk `rfsc sfkfihcjtf c ukc nrdgc. Pckds kdstrcr jfstc ibíçd eftcihfs ef gdkd kcjusfcr c kãqubjc pcjtdmrã`bgc Wupfr Mdie pdr sfr ukc kãqubjc ef qucibecef vfrsãtbi, sbkpifs ef dpfrcr f fgdjõkbgc. (@bmurc 67).

@- _crcùsd ef `bxcíçd `rfsc/ cpcipcedr (mubc). M- @rfsc. H- Cpcipcedr (mubc). B- Kcjëpuids.

3- GDK_DJFJUFW EC KÃSVBJC Cicvcjg cjgcc ef kdv kdvbkf bkfjtd jtd hdC- Cicv rbzdjtci (pcrc `rfjtf/ pcrc trãs- Ebrfbtc / fsqufrec). Cicvcjgc ef kdvbk kdvbkfjtd fjtd vfrN- Cicvcjgc tbtbgc gcii (p (pcr crcc gb gbkc kc// pc pcrc rc nc ncxd xd). ).

G- Urcvc ed kdvbkfjtd hdrbzdjtci (Cauec pcrc ghcvfs ef pdjtd). E- Urcvc ed kdvbkfjtd vfrtbgci (Cauec jd usd ef ebspdsbtbvds).

A- Kdrefjtfs. L- Gdjvfrsdr 33?/>>?Pdits pcrc 3>Pdits. I- Lbt ef sfmurcjíc. K- Gcnd ef gdjfxçd pcrc nctfrbcs (nctfrbc jçd bjgiusc). J- @rfscs f cpcipcedrfs (>kk, >,6kk). D- Iîkbjcs ef caustf.

F- Gdkcjeds ef ibmcíöfs bjebvbeucbs (Iîkpcec/ kdtdr).

_- Gdeb`bgcedr @dre.

>>


Urcvc ef kdvbkfjtd hdrbzdjtci G N Cicvcjgc ef kdvbkfjtd vftbgci

C Cicvcjgc ef kdvbkfjtd hdrbzdjtci

Kdrefjtfs A H Cpcipcedr

M @rfsc

L Gdjvfrsdr

@ _crcùsds ef `bxcíçd

B Kcjëpuids

S Ebspdsbtbvd pcrc ghcvfs tunuicrfs

_ Gdeb`bgcedr @dre

^ Gibps `bxcedrfs

@bmurc 67- Kãqubjc _cjtdmrã`bgc Mdie f sfus gdkpdjfjtfs.


>7


S- Ebspdsbtb Ebspdsbtbvd vd pcr pcrcc ghc ghcvfs vfs Uunuicrfs. ^- Gibps `bxcedrfs. W- Admd ef `rfscs Kuitbidgl. U- G hc hc vf vf s C iiii fj fj ( >k >k k, k, >,6kk f 7kk).

^FGDKFJECÍÖFWEF @ÃN^BGCSVCJUDCDVWDF WFMV^C WFM V^CJÍC JÍCEC ECGD_ GD_BCE BCED^C D^C _CJUDM^Ã@BGC Bjstruíöfs ef Wfmurcjíc _crc suc sfmurcjíc rfgdkfjeckds quf1

n. Jujgc gdidquf sfus efeds sdnrf du cd rfedr eds kdrefjtfs ec kãqubjc, qucjed c kfskc fstbvfr ibmcec< g. Wfkprf uscr prdtfíçd pcrc ds dihds< Jujgc ef efbxf bxf Dnsfrvcíçd1 Jujgc grbcjícs du quciqufr pfssdc kcjusfcr c kãqubjc, pdbs c `citc ef gdjhfgbkfjtd f bjfxpfrbájgbc pdef tfr gdjsfquájgbcs mrcvfs.

Bjstrugöfs ed usd ec kãqubjc f cgfss÷rbds _crc uk ndk efsfkpfjhd ef suc kãqubjc, rfgdkfjeckds quf1

3- C kãqubjc fstfac1

3- C kãqubjc fstfac1 c. Gdjfgtcec jc vditcmfk gdr-

c. _rfgbsckfjtf jbvficec< rftc<

n. Idgcibzcec fk ukc ncjgcec `brkf< >- D Dpfrcedr1 c. Jujgc usf rdupcs icrmcs fjqucjtd dpfrcr c kãqubjc<

n. Efsgdjfgtcec ec rfef fiâtrbgc qucjed jçd uscec pdr uk idjmd pfrëded.

>- D Dpfrcedr1 c. Wfkprf kcjtfjhc c kãqubjc nfk iunrb` iunrb`bgcec bgcec,, prbjg prbjgbpcik bpcikfjtf fjtf jcs pcrtfs efsibzcjtfs< n. Wfkprf kcjtfjhc c kãqubjc fk ndk fstced f ibkpc< g. Wfkprf tfjhc tfjhc gfrtfzc gfrtfzc ef quf c `r `rfs fscc f d mu mubc bc fs fstf tfac ack k pr prfg fgbbsckfjtf gcibnrceds cjtfs ef uscr c kãqubjc. Cjtfs ef fjtrcrkds jc gdj`fgíçd ef ebvfrsds kdefids ef ghcvfs quf fstc kãqubjc gdpbc, vckds gdjhfgfr ds kdvbkfjtds ed gcrrbjhd, cgbdjced pfic cicvcjgc C. Gdk c cicvcjgc C, pdefkds kdvbkfjtcr d gcrrbjhd ec ebrfbtc pcrc c fsqufrec f vbgf f vfrsc jd sfjtbed idjmbtuebjci, `bmurc 65 f tcknâk jd sfjtbed trcjsvfrsci pcrc `rfjtf f pcrc trãs. (@bmurc 66).

Cicvcjgc C

Urcjsvfrsci Idjmbtuebjci

@bmurc 65- Kdvbkfjtd ed gcrrbjhd cgbdjced pfic cicvcjgc C jd sfjtbed idjmbtuebjci ec ebrfbtc pcrc c fsqufrec f vbgf f vfrsc.


>5


C cicvcjgc N, kdvbkfjtc jd sfjtbed vfrtbgci c pfíc djef sçd `bxceds d cpcipcedr (mubc) f `rfsc. (@bmurc 66C). D gdkpdjfjtf gdkpdjfjtf G (trcvc ed kdvbkfjtd hdrbzdjtci) sfrvf pcrc `bxcr ds kdvbk kdvbkfj fjtds tds hdr hdrbzd bzdjtc jtcbs bs ed gcr gcr-rbjhd, qucjed bstd `dr jfgfssãrbd. D gdkpdjfjtf gdkpdjfjtf E (trcvc ed kdvbkfjtd vfrtbgci) sfrvf pcrc trcvcr d kdvbkfjtd vfrtbgci ec `rfsc f ed cpcipcedr (mubc). D gdkpdjfjtf F (gdkcjeds ef ibmcíçd bjebvbeucbs) bjebgc c pdsbíçd eds bjtfrruptdrfs pcrc ibmcr c kãqubjc, f pcrc cgfjefr c iîkpcec sbtucec fjtrf c `rfsc f d cpcipcedr. Jc `bmurc 60 pdefkds vfr d gdkpdjfjtf M (`rfsc), djef â `bxc-ec c `rfsc, d gdkpdjfjtf H (cpcipc-edr (mubc) djef â gdidgced d cpcipc-edr (mubc) f ds pcrcùsds (gdkpdjfj-tf @) quff `b qu `bxc xck k cs kf kfsk skcs cs.. Uf Ufkd kdss tcknâk ds kdrefjtfs (gdkpdjfjtf A) f Kcjëpuids (gdkpdjfjtf B) ed gcrrbjhd. Wçd jfstfs kdrefjtfs quf `bxckds cs ghcvfs du ds ebspdsbtbvds pcrc gdj`fgíçd ecs kfskcs qucjed jçd sf tfk kdefid. D gdkpdjfjtf L (gdjvfrsdr), sfrvf pcrc ibmcr c kãqubjc fk 33?/>>?P f trcjs`drkcr c tfjsçd pcrc 3> Pdits, quf â c tfjsçd ef ùjgbdjckfjtd ec kãqubjc. D gdkpdjfjtf K (gcnd), sfrvf pcrc ibmcr c kãqubjc fk nctfrbc jdrkci ef 3> Pdits. D lbt ef sfm sfmurc urcjíc jíc (gdkpd(gdkpdjfjtf I) I) â gdkpdstd gdkpdstd ef pbjgfi pbjgfi pcrc ibkpcr ibkp cr cs ibk ibkcih cihcs cs eds kdr kdrefj efjtfs tfs pcrc jçd dgcsbdjcr prdnifkcs qucjed ec `bxcíçd ecs ghcvfs f ÷guids pcrc pr prdtf dtfíç íçdd ec ecss vbs vbstc tcss qu qucj cjed ed c kãqubjc fstbvfr ibmcec. Eftcihfs eds gdkpdjfjtfs J ctâ U (`rfscs f cpcipcedrfs) f (ghcvfs Ciifj), tfrçd sucs cpibgcíöfs cpibgcíöfs fxpibgcecs eurcjtf d prdgfssd ef gdj`fgíçd eds ebvfrsds kdefids ef ghcvfs. GV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

Wfjtbed Urcjsvfrsci

@bmurc 66- Kdvbkfjtd ed gcrrbjhd cgbdjced pfic cicvcjgc C jd sfjtbed trcjsvfrsci pcrc `rfjtf f pcrc trãs.

Wfjtbed vfrtbgci

@bmurc 66C - Cicvcjgc N kdvbkfjtc jd sfjtbed vfrtbgci cs pfícs djef fstçd `bxceds d cpcipcedr f c `rfsc.

>6


M _crcùsds ef `bxcr `rfsc

H _crcùsds ef `bxcr cpcipcedr

@ _crcùsds

Kãqubjc vbstc ef `rfjtf

@bmurc 60- Kãqubjc vbstc ef `rfjtf.

>- GD GDJ@ J@FG FGÍÇ ÍÇD D EF GH GHCP CPFW FW _CJUDM^Ã@BG _CJUD M^Ã@BGCW CW _C^C CVUDK×PFBW. _crc ds cut _crc cutdk÷ dk÷vfb vfbss Dkfmc,Pfgtrc, NK], f cbjec dutrds cs gcvcs ecs ghcvfs sçd jcs ictfrcbs ec hcstf gdj`drkf `bmurc 6=. _crc c ghcvf ed Pfgtrc, Dkfmc, ftg., usckds `rfsc f cpcipcedr ef >,6 kk. Fxbst Fx bstfk fk jd jdss kd kdref refjtf jtfss ec kãqu kã qubj bjcc ed edbs bs gc gcjc jcbs bs qu quff sf sfrvf rvfk k pcrc eftfrkbjcr c pdsbíçd ef `bxcíçd ecs ghc ghcvfs vfs fk ùj ùjíçd íçd ed gd gdkp kprb rb-kfjtd ecs kfskcs. (@bmurc 68). GV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

_crc pfr`f pfr`fbtd btd pdsbg pdsbgbdjc bdjckfjtd kfjtd ecs ghcvfs drbmbjci f vbrmfk, efvfkds gdidgcr jd gcjci cs iîkbjcs ef caustf (gdkpdjfjtf D) quf cgdkpcjhck gdkd cgfss÷rbds ec kãqubjc. C gdidgcíçd efsscs iîkbjcs jd prbkfbrd du sfmujed gcjci efpfjef gdkd aã ebssf ebssfkds, kds, ed gdkp gdkprbkfj rbkfjtd td ec hcstf ec ghcvf. @fbtd bstd cnrc ds kdrefjtfs gdidquf cs ghcvfs, drbmbjci jd kcjerbi ï fsqufrec , djef djef sfrã gdidgcec c `rfsc f c vbrmfk ï ebrfbtc djef sfrã gdidgced d cpcipcedr. Fkpurrf cs ghcvfs ctâ fjgdstcrfk jcs iîkbjcs f cpfrtf ds kdrefjtfs. (@bmurc 62). >0

C sfmubr gdidgckds c `rfsc f d cpcipcedr c fsqufrec f c ebrfbtc rfspfgtbvckfjt pfgtbv ckfjtf, f, `bxcj `bxcjed-cs ed-cs gdk cpfrtd ifvf. Cncbxcjed c cicvcjgc ef kdvbkfjtd vfrtbgci, fjgdstckds ckncs cs `frrckfjtcs ctâ tdgcrfk ds kdrefjtfs cd kfskd tfkpd. Gcsd bssd jçd dgdrrc, sditf c `frrckfjtc `frrc kfjtc quf jçd fjgdstdu f `c-ícc efsgfr. (@bmurc 0?). Â cgdjsfihãvfi gdidgcr fkncbxd ec `rfsc uk pfqufjd pfecíd ef pcpfi sui`btf pcrc kcbdr sfmurcjíc f fvbtcr ecjb`bgcr ds kdrefjtfs. Fstff prd Fst prdgfe gfebkf bkfjtd jtd `cr `crãã gdk quf c `rfsc `bquf cimujs eâgbkds ef kbiëkftrds c`cstcec ec supfr`ëgbf ed kdrefjtf, fvbtcjed cssbk quf c `rfsc tdquf-d fstrcmcjed-d du qufnrcjed-d. @cíc d rfcpfrtd `bjci ec `rfsc f ed cpcipcedr. _crc `rfscr c ghcvf, utbibzckds pcrc kdvbkfjtcr d gcrrbjhd c cicvcjgc C. Ibmcec c kãqubjc bjbgbckds d gdrtf ec ghcvf ed bjëgbd ed sfmrfed (pr÷xbkd c gcnfíc ec ghcvf pcrc c pdjtc ec kfskc, dnfefgfjed cssbk d sfjtbed ef gdrtf, ec `rfsc, fvbtcjed trfpbecíöfs f sdicvcjgds. (@bmurc 03). Cs ghcvfs gdk pfr`bs fspfgbcbs gdkd cs ed Cueb, _did, ftg., efvfrçd sfmubr d kfskd prbjgëpbd. Cimukcs ghcDnsfrvcíçd1 Cimukcs vfs pde pdefrçd frçd d`fr d`frfgf fgfrr eb`b eb`bguie guiecef cefss pcrc suc `bxcíçd jds kdrefjtfs, bstd sf efvf c suc `rfscmfk, c suc icrmurc du ctâ pdr fstcrfk kubtd mcstcs. _crc sdiugbdjcr fstf prdnifkc cgdjsfihckds c utbibzcíçd eds gibps `bxcedrfs quf cgdkpcjhck ds cgfss÷rbds ec kãqubjc. Fifs ecrçd kcbs sfmurcjíc f `brkfzc pcrc `bxcíçd ecs kfskcs. (@bmurc 0>). _crc `czfr d dutrd iced ec ghcvf, efvfkds rfpftbr tdeds ds prdgfebkfjtds pcrc d prbkfbrd iced. BJWUBUVUD VJBPF^WCI N^CWBIFB^D

@bmurc 6=- Gcvcs ecs ghcvfs (cutdk÷vfbs) jcs ictfrcbs ec hcstf.

Gcjcbs ef rf`frájgbc pcrc `bxcíçd ec ghcvf

@bmurc 68- Gcjcbs quf sfrvfk pcrc eftfrkbjcr c pdsbíçd ec `bxcíçd ecs ghcvfs fk ùjíçd ed gdkprbkfjtd.

Iîkbjcs iftrc D

@bmurc 62- Fjgdstcjed cs ghcvfs jcs iîkbjcs f cpfrtcjed ds kdrefjtfs.


>=


_cpfi

@bmurc 0?- Fjgdstcjed cs `frrckfjtcs pcrc quf cs kfskcs tdqufk cd kfskd tfkpd ds kdrefjtfs.

Cicvcjgc (C)

@bmurc 03- _rdgfebkfjtd pcrc `rfscr c ghcvf.


>8


5- GDJ@ 5-GD J@FG FGÍÇ ÍÇD D EC ECGH GHCP CPF F _CJUDM^Ã@BG _CJUDM ^Ã@BGC C KVIUBI KVIUBIDGL, DGL, KVIUB_DJUD, KVIUB_ DJUD,FUG. FUG. Bstdd â jf Bst jfgfs gfssã sãrbd rbd pd pdrqu rquff d ’pdjtd‛, du sfac gcvc ec ghcvf djef efvf fjtrcr d pbjd pcrc `czfr d sfmrfed tfk d pfr`bi kdstrced jc `bmurc

06. _drtcjtd uscjed c `rfsc 3 gdk d cpcipcedr 7, dntfkds d gfjtrd ec gcvc f gdk c `rfsc > f cpcipcedr 5 gdkpiftckds d pfr`bi ec kfskc `bmurc 06. _crcc gd _cr gdj`f j`fgg ggbdj bdjcr cr c gh ghcvf cvf drbmbjci f vbrmfk, fstcs efvfk sfr prfscs ec kfskc kcjfbrc quf cs ghcvfs pcjtdmrã`bgcs, gdkuk (Dkfmc, Pfgtrc, ftg.) uscjed cs iîkbjcs ef caustf pcrc cgfrtcr c pdsbíçd ecs ghcvfs jd kdrefjtf.

@bmurc 0>- Gibps `bxcedrfs.

7- GD GDJ@ J@FG FGÍÇ ÍÇD D EF GH GHCP CPF F _CJUDM^Ã@BG _CJUD M^Ã@BGC C _C^C CVUD CV UDK× K×PF PFI I - MD MDI I

`bmurc rc 6=,d Gdkd vb Gdkd vbkd kdss jc `bmu ,dtbtbpde pd ef ghcvf pcrc fstf gcrrd, tfk d gdrtf ed sfmrfed `drkcjed uk gcjci jc ictfrci ec hcst hc stff ec gh ghcv cvf. f. C `r `rffsc scmmfk ef efic ic sfmu muff ds kfskd kfs kdss pr prdgf dgfebk ebkfj fjtds tds ec gh ghcvf cvf ed Dkfm Dk fmcc f Pf Pfgt gtrc rc,, ku kuec ecje jedd cp cpfj fjcs cs d sfjtbed ef kdvbkfjtd ed gcrrbjhd f cs `frrckf `frr ckfjtc jtcss `rfs `rfscc f cpc cpcipc ipcedr edr.. Gdid Gd idqu quff cs gh ghcv cvfs fs jd jdss kd kdrrefjtfs gdj`drkf kdstrced jc `bmurc 62. Cgfrtf c `rfsc f d cpcipcedr gdj`drkf `bmurc 0?. Jfstf gcsd c `rfsc f d cpcipced pc edrr sç sçdd ef >, >,66 kk kk.. D sfjtbed ef gdrtf â bjvfrsd cd cjtfrb cjt frbdr, dr, pdr pdrtcj tcjtd td kdv kdvbkf bkfjtc jtcje jedd d cicvcj vcjgc gcC C< bj gcrrbjhd gcrrbj hd pfic cic bjbg bgbf bfdd gd gdrt rtff ec pdjt pd jtcc ec ecgh ghcv cvff pc pcrc rccc gc gcnf nfíc ícec eckf kfsk skc. c. (@bmurc (@bm urc 07). _crc `czfr d dutrd iced ec ghcvf rfpbtc cs dpfrcíöfs cp÷s vbrcr cs ghcvfs jds kdref kdrefjtfs. jtfs. GV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

@rfsc

Cpcipcedr mubc

@bmurc 07- Gdrtf ec pdjtc ec ghcvf pcrc c gcnfíc ec kfskc.

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@rfscs

3

Cpcipcedrfs

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7

5

@bmurc 05- @rfscs f cpcipcedrfs pcrc g÷pbcs ecs ghcvfs _cjtdmrã`bgcs, Kuitbpdjtd, ftg.

_fr`bi

Wfmujec `rfscmfk _rbkfbrc `rfscmfk

@bmurc 06- _fr`bi ec gcvc ec ghcvf djef fjtrc d pbjd pcrc `czfr d sfmrfed.

C sfm sfmubr ubr gdi gdidqu dquff d gdj gdjauj aujtd td `rfsc (3) gdk c pdjtc fk `drkc ef uk P f cpcipcedr (7) gdk c pdjtc fk `drkc ef uk pdjtfbrd du pbjíc, `bxcjed-ds ifvfkfjtf. Ncbxf d gdj aujtd `rfsc/cpcipcedr gdk c cicvcjgc N, ctâ d kfskd tdgcr cs ghcvfs. Gcsdd ukc ecs pfí Gcs pfícs cs tdq tdquf uf prbkfbrd, sditf d pcrcùsd ef `bxcíçd ec du dutr trcc f pr prdg dgfe fecc cd cg cgfr frtd td gdj`drkf aã `db gbtced pcrc d gcsd cjtfrbdr. cjtf rbdr. @bxcs `brkfk `brkfkfjtf. fjtf. Cp÷s c rfmuicmfk, ibmuf c kãqubjc f `cíc d prbkfbrd sfmrfed. (@bmurc 00). GV^WD EF GHCPFB^D ‗ CVIC 5

@fbtd d prbkfbrd sfmrfed, efsibmuf c kãqubjc, kcs kcjtfjhc c cicvcjgc N prfssbdjcec jfstf sfmrfed f trc trcvf vf d kd kdvb vbkf kfjt jtdd hd hdrb rbzd zdjt jtci ci f trcjsvfrsci (pcrc `rfjtf f pcrc trãs) pfic trcvc c ebrfbtc ed gcrrbjhd, gdk bstd tfrfkds kcbdr prfgbsçd jd gdrtf ec ghcvf. Cp÷s trcvced, kdvbkfjtf d gcrrbjhd jc hdrbzdjtci idjmbtuebjci f `cíc ds efkcbs sfmrfeds ec ghcvf. (@bmurc 0=). Ufrkbjced fstf iced ec ghcvf, vbrf sdkfjtf c ghcvf quf fstã sfjed gdpbcec f rfgdkfgf tded d prdgfssd ed dutrd iced. 7?

Cd târkbjd ef `rfscr fstf iced gdk d 3± pcssd gdk cs `frrckfjtcs ed kfskd, efvfkds trdgcr cs `frrckfjtcs ec sfmubjtf `drkc1 Urdquf d cpcipcedr pfid j± 5 quf tfk uk ùrd jd gfjtrd f c `rfsc > quf tfk ukc pdjtc pcrc efjtrd du sfac uk P bjvfrtbed (vfac jc `bmurc 05). Gdk bssd gdkfgf c `rfscmfk c ec > ftcpc ed sfmrfed, gdkfícjed pfid prbkfbrd ctâ d ñitbkd, jd gcsd d 6± . (@bmurc 08). Ufrkbjced fssf iced ec ghcvf, vbrf c ghcvf quf fstã sfjed gdpbcec f rfpbtc tdec c dpfrcíçd. Gdk bssd gdjgiubkds c g÷pbc du `rfscmfk ec ghcvf quf `db `drjfgbec ef kdefid. Dnsfrvcíçd1 _crc gdj`fgíçd ef g÷pbcs ef ghcvfs Kuitbpdjtd Lfsd â jfgfssãrbd d usd ef uk gdjaujtd ef `rfsc/cpcipcedr fspfgë`bgd. Fstcs Fst cs `fr `frrck rckfj fjtcs tcs jç jçdd `cz `czfk fk pcrtf pc rtf ed gd gdjau jaujtd jtd ef cg cgfs fss÷ s÷rbd rbdss qu quff cgdkpc cgd kpcjhc jhck k c kãq kãqubj ubjc, c,kcs kcspde pdefk fksfr sfr cequbrbecs rbecs sfpcr sfpcrceckf ceckfjtf. jtf. C gdj`fgíçd ef g÷pbcs efsscs ghcv gh cvfs fs sf sfmu muff d kf kfsk skdd pr prbjg bjgëpb ëpbdd efstc quf fxpibgckds. Ufkds dutrcs ghcvfs ed sbstfkc pcjtdmrã`bgd, quf sçd gdpbcecs jfstc kãqubjc, kcs rfqufrfk ebspdsbtbvds fspfgbcbs pcrc suc gdj`fgíçd. Fstcs sfrçd fstuececs jc pr÷xbkc ibíçd, sçd ds gcsds ec ghcvf ec ibjhc @dre-@bfstc, @dre-@bfstc, @dre L, Kdjt Kdjtfd, fd, Fsgdrt f dutrds f ec ibjhc Uunuicr.

Ctfjíçd1 Uunuicr quf `db cprfjebed jfstf Uunuicr j fstf gursd, gurs d, sçd jdrk jdrkcikf cikfjtf jtf cqu cqufics fics `fghceurcs uscecs mfrci-kfjtf fk ebvbs÷rbcs. Jd fj fjtc tcjt jtdd fst stcs cs gh ghcv cvfs fs tunuicrf tunu icrfss sçd rfe rfedje djecs cs f d sfm sfmrfe rfedd (@bmurc urc 02). cgdkpcjhck fstf pfr`bi. (@bm BJWUBUVUD VJBPF^WCI N^CWBIFB^D

3± sfmrfed

@bmurc 00- @czfjed d 3± sfmrfed ecs ghcvfs drbmbjci f vbrmfk.


73


@bmurc 0=- Gdjgiuëed d sfmrfed ed prbkfbrd iced ec ghcvf.

@bmurc 08- @rfscmfk ec sfmujec ftcpc ed sfmrfed.

@bmurc 02- _fr`bi ed sfmrfed ecs ghcvfs tunuicrfs rfedjecs.


7>


Chaveiro - Aula 04

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