chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals.doc

Campbell Biology, 11e Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

1) The detector of light during de-etiolation (greening) of a tomato plant is (are) ________. A) carotenoids B) xanthophylls C) phytochrome D) auxin 2) Plant hormones ! A) in plant cells naturally exist in "ery large amounts B) change their shape in response to stimulus C) are una#le to mo"e from one cell to another D) affect only cells $ith the appropriate receptor %) &hich of the follo$ing mechanisms is the correct se'uence of e"ents that taes place during the plant responses to internal and external signals A) transduction* reception* and response B) reception and transduction C) reception* transduction* and response D) reception and response +) &hich of the follo$ing mechanisms is in the correct se'uence of steps (,-, as listed #elo$) that taes place during the formation of de-etiolation d e-etiolation (greening) response proteins in plants ,! Dete Detect ctio ion n of ligh lightt sig signal nal ,,! Acti"a Acti"atio tion n of phytochr phytochrome ome ,,,! Acti"ation of specific specific protein inase1 ,! ,! .ormation of de-etiolation response response protein A) ,* ,,,* ,,* and , B) ,* ,,* ,,,* and , C) ,,* ,* ,,,* and , D) ,,,* ,* ,,* and , /) &hich of the follo$ing can function in signal transduction in plants? ,! calcium io ions ,,! nonr nonrand andom om mut mutati ations ons ,,,! recept receptor or proteins proteins ,!! autochr , autochrome ome ! sec seconda ondary ry mes messen senger gerss A) only ,* ,,,* and , B) only ,* ,,* and  C) only ,* ,,,* and  D) only ,,* ,,,* and 

0) Plant hormones produce their effects #y ________. ,! alte alteri ring ng the the exp expre ress ssio ion n of gene geness 1

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,,! modifying modifying the the permea#ili permea#ility ty of the the plasma plasma mem#rane mem#rane ,,,! modifying the structure structure of the nuclear en"elope mem#rane A) only , B) only ,, C) only ,,, D) only , and ,, 3) Plant hormonal regulation differs from animal hormonal regulation in that ________. A) there are no dedicated hormone-producing organs in plants as there are in animals B) all production of hormones is local in plants $ith little long-distance transport C) only animal hormone concentrations are de"elopmentally regulated D) only animal hormones may ha"e either external or internal receptors 5) Auxins in plants are no$n to affect $hich of the follo$ing processes ,! gra" gra"it itro ropi pism sm of of sho shoot otss ,,! mainte maintenanc nancee of seed seed dorma dormancy ncy ,,,! phototropis phototropism m of shoots ,! ,! inhi#ition inhi#ition of lateral #uds ! apica apicall domi dominan nance ce A) only , and ,, B) only ,* ,,,* and  C) only ,* ,,,* ,* and  D) only ,,* ,,,* ,* and  6) 4xperiments on the positi"e phototropic response of plants indicate that ________. A) light destroys auxin B) auxin mo"es do$n the plant p lant apoplastically C) auxin is synthesi7ed in the area $here the stem #ends D) auxin can mo"e to the shady side of the stem 1) &hat are the primary sites of auxin (,AA) production in plants A) shoot apical meristem and young lea"es B) roots C) seeds D) ripening fruits 11) &hat are the primary sites of ethylene production in high concentrations in plants A) shoot apical meristem and young lea"es B) roots C) seeds D) ripening fruits





B) ethylene C) gi##erellins D) cytoinins 1%) &hich one of the follo$ing hormones stimulates stem elongation and pollen tu#e gro$th A) auxin (,AA) B) ethylene C) gi##erellins D) cytoinins 1+) 8enerally* 8enerally* each hormone has multiple functions in plants depending on ________. ,! site of action ,,! ,,! its its concen concentr trat atio ion n ,,,! de"elopmental de"elopmental stage stage ,! ,! age A) ,* ,,* ,,,* and , B) ,* ,,* and ,,, C) , and ,, D) ,, 1/) Apical dominance in plants is under the control of ________. A) sugar B) "arious plant hormones C) cell di"ision D) sugar and "arious plant hormones 10) Arrange the follo$ing steps that occur during drought tolerance in plants in a correct se'uence! ,! hormon hormonee ABA accumu accumulat lation ion in the the lea"e lea"ess ,,! causes causes stom stomata ata to close close ,,,! reduction reduction in transpirat transpiration ion ,! ,! pre"enting further $ater loss loss A) ,* ,,* ,,,* and , B) ,* ,,,* ,,* and , C) ,,* ,* ,,,* and , D) ,,,* ,* ,,* and , 13) &hich of the follo$ing statements #est summari7es the acid gro$th hypothesis in an acti"ely gro$ing shoot A) Auxin stimulates proton pumps in the plasma mem#rane and tonoplast! B) Auxin-acti"ated Auxin-acti"ated proton pumps lo$er the p9 of the cell $all* $hich #reas #onds # onds and maes the $alls more flexi#le!





A) &hen shoots are exposed to light* a chemical che mical su#stance migrates to$ard the light! B) A chemical su#stance in"ol"ed in shoot #ending is produced in shoot tips! C) ;nce shoot tips ha"e #een cut* normal gro$th cannot #e induced! D) the ma7e is simply dra$n on the $all* and the contestants must get their plant to gro$ in a pattern that matches the path through the ma7e! ?ou ?ou need the money and feel confident that you can accomplish this tas! &hich of the follo$ing techni'ues $ill help you succeed A) Apply auxin directly to the shoot tip on the side to $hich you $ant the tip to #end! #en d! B) Apply auxin directly to the part of the stem @ust #elo$ the tip opposite from the direction you $ant the stem to #end! C) ,n@ect compounds that #loc auxin receptors into the part of the stem opposite from the direction you $ant the stem to #end! D) Plant the roots in t$o different pots* and apply auxin to the root #ucet that is on the same side as the direction you $ant the plant to #end! 2) ?ou ?ou ha"e a small tree in your yard that is the height that you $ant it* #ut does not n ot ha"e as many #ranches as you $ant! 9o$ can you prune it to trigger it to increase the num#er of #ranches A) Cut off the lea"es at the ends of se"eral #ranches! B) Cut off the tips of the main shoots! C) Cut off lo$er #ranches! D) Cut off the lea"es at the #ase of most of the #ranches! 21) As cytoinins are primarily produced in roots* $hat route $ould they tra"el to influence lateral shoot formation in a recently topped tree A) symplastic B) tracheids"essels C) phloem D) apoplastic 22) &ho might #e interested in using cytoinins A) grocers* to spray on fruit to enhance ripening in the store B) consumers* to spray on fruit #efore eating to enhance taste C) florists* to dip stems in to eep lea"es green longer D) farmers* to spray on fruit after picing to stall ripening 2%) ,f a farmer $anted more loosely paced clusters of grapes* he $ould most liely spray the immature #unches $ith ________. A) auxin





A) 4thylene B) eaxanthin C) 8i##erellin D) A#scisic acid 2/) A population of plants experiences se"eral years of se"ere drought! uch of the population po pulation dies due to lac of $ater* #ut a fe$ indi"iduals sur"i"e! ?ou ?ou set out to disco"er the physiological #asis for their adaptation to such an extreme en"ironmental change! ?ou ?ou hypothesi7e that the sur"i"ors ha"e the a#ility to synthesi7e higher le"els of    than their si#lings do! A) auxin B) gi##erellin C) cytoinin D) a#scisic acid 20) ,f you $ere shipping green #ananas to a supermaret thousands of miles a$ay* $hich of the follo$ing chemicals $ould you $ant to eliminate from the plants en"ironment A) car#on dioxide B) cytoinins C) ethylene D) auxin 23) ,n the fall* the lea"es of some trees change color! This happens #ecause chlorophyll #reas do$n and the accessory pigments #ecome # ecome "isi#le! &hat hormone is responsi#le for this A) phototropin B) a#scisic acid C) cytoinin D) ethylene 25) &hich type of mutant $ould #e most liely to produce a #ushier phenotype pheno type A) auxin o"erproducer B) strigolactone o"erproducer C) cytoinin underproducer D) strigolactone underproducer 26) ines ines in tropical rain forests must gro$ to$ard large trees #efore #eing a#le to gro$ to$ard the sun! To To reach a large tree* the most useful ind of gro$th mo"ement for a tropical "ine presuma#ly $ould #e ________. A) negati"e thigmotropism B) negati"e phototropism C) negati"e gra"itropism D) the opposite of circadian rhythms





%) Epon exposure to #lue light* plants not only #egin to gro$ to$ard the light* #ut mo"e their chloroplasts to the sunny side of each cell! The adapti"e ad"antage of mo"ing chloroplasts to the sunny side of each cell ! A) maximi7es light a#sorption #y the chloroplasts for photosynthesis B) increases production of phototropic hormones C) maximi7es heat a#sorption #y the chloroplasts for cellular respiration D) increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (ATP) production during the light-independent reactions %1) ammalian eyes sense light #ecause the photoreceptor cells ha"e molecules called opsins* op sins* $hich change structure $hen exposed to light! &hich of the follo$ing plant molecules $ould #e analogous to mammalian opsins in their light-sensing a#ility A) auxin and phytochrome B) auxin and Pfr C) Pfr and phytochrome D) cytoinins and phototropins %2) Feed pacets gi"e a recommended planting depth for the enclosed seeds! The most liely reason some seeds are to #e co"ered $ith only 1+ inch of o f soil is that the ________. A) seedlings do not ha"e an etiolation response B) seeds re'uire light to germinate C) seeds re'uire a higher temperature to germinate D) seeds are "ery sensiti"e to $aterlogging %%) Fuppose a plant had a photosynthetic pigment that a#sor#ed far-red $a"elengths of light! ,n $hich of the follo$ing en"ironments could that plant thri"e A) on the surface of a lae B) on the forest floor* #eneath a canopy of taller plants p lants C) on the ocean floor* in "ery deep $aters D) on mountaintops* closer to the Fun Thri"e興盛 canopy遮篷 %+) The #iological cloc controlling circadian rhythms must ultimately ________. A) depend on en"ironmental cues B) affect gene transcription C) sta#ili7e on a 2+-hour cycle D) speed up or slo$ do$n $ith increasing or decreasing temperature %/) &hich of the colors of "isi#le light induces cur"ature in coleoptile most effecti"ely A) red B) #lue C) "iolet







%0) Phytochrome plays a critical role in seed germination! &hich of the colors maximi7es the seed germination A) red B) #lue C) "iolet D) orange %3) any plants flo$er in response to day-length cues! &hich of the follo$ing statements #est summari7es this phenomenon A) As a rule* short-day plants flo$er in the summer! B) As a rule* long-day plants flo$er in the spring or fall! C)




+2) Ese the figure to ans$er the follo$ing 'uestion!

Fuppose you laid a seedling on its side so that the root $as parallel to the ground as sho$n in the figure! Fe"eral hours after the change in position* $here in the root cells* position A* B* or C in the figure* $ould you find the amyloplasts A) A B) B C) C D) A and C +%) The rapid leaf mo"ements resulting from a response to touch (thigmotropism) primarily in"ol"e ________. A) potassium channels B) ner"ous tissue C) a'uaporins D) stress proteins ++) ,n extremely cold regions* $oody species may sur"i"e free7ing temperatures #y ________. A) emptying $ater from the "acuoles to pre"ent free7ing





+0) &hen an ar#orist prunes a lim# off a "alua#le tree* he or she may paint the cut surface! The primary purpose of the paint is to ________. A) minimi7e $ater loss #y e"aporation from the cut surface B) impro"e the appearance of the cut surface C) stimulate gro$th of the cor cam#ium to GhealG Ghea lG the $ound D) #loc entry of pathogens through the $ound +3) ?ou ?ou are out $oring in your garden* and you notice that one of your you r fa"orite flo$ering plants has #lac* dead spots on the lea"es! ?ou ?ou immediately suspect that the plant has #een in"aded #y a pathogen and has initiated a(n) ! A) a"irulence response B) hypersensiti"e response C) resistance response D) "irulence response +5) 8enerali7ed defense responses in organs distant from the infection site are called ________. A) hyperacti"e responses B) systemic ac'uired resistance C) pleiotropy D) hyperplasia +6) A particular species of "irus carries a gene for salicylate hydroxylase* an en7yme that #reas do$n salicylic acid! &ill this "irus #e more or less "irulent to plants than other "iruses A) more "irulent B) less "irulent C) same "irulent D) faster "irulent /) &hich e"ent during the e"olution of land plants fa"ored the synthesis of secondary compounds A) the greenhouse effect throughout the De"onian period





/2) ?ou ?ou may ha"e o#ser"ed plants rotate to$ards a light source* there#y increasing the plants a#ility to intercept light energy and increase photosynthesis! ?ou* ?ou* ho$e"er* are gi"en the tas of pre"enting grass seedlings from rotating to$ard the light! light! Esing your no$ledge of phototropism* $hich of the follo$ing experimental procedures $ould you use to complete your tas A) Co"er the gro$ing tip of the grass seedling $ith #lac paper! B) Fupply the seedlings $ith "ery dim light (red light does not induce a #end)! #en d)! C) Co"er the portion of the seedling #elo$ the tip $ith a #lac shield! D) Fupply the seedling $ith nutrient-rich fertili7er solution! /%) A plant scientist $as hired #y a greenhouse operator to de"ise a $ay to force iris plants to #loom in the short days of $inter! $inter! ,ris normally #looms as a long-day (short-night) plant! plant! &hich of the follo$ing has the #est chance of creating iris #looms in $inter A) Artificially Artificially increase the period of darness in the greenhouse! B) ,ncrease the temperature to more closely follo$ summer temperatures! C) Alternate four hours of darness $ith four hours of light repeatedly o"er each 2+-hour period! D) ,nterrupt the long $inter nights $ith a #rief period of light! /+) An indi"idual plant $as disco"ered that could not gro$ to$ards light! After some research* it $as determined that the reason $as a defecti"e gene that did not allo$ for the le"el of cell elongation necessary for a phototropic response! This mutation greatly reduces the fitness of the indi"idual plant! &hich reason #est descri#es the reason for the loss of fitness A) The plant $as too short to attract insects for pollination! B) The plant could not ad@ust to directional light* $hich reduced photosynthetic acti"ity and therefore energy a"aila#le for reproduction! C) Because the plant gre$ much taller and straighter* resources that could #e used for reproduction $ere used for gro$th! D) The loss of a phototropic response meant that the plants seeds could not germinate* so reproduction $ould #e unsuccessful! 1) The hormone that helps plants respond to drought d rought is





C) light destroys auxin! D) light is percei"ed #y the tips of coleoptiles! co leoptiles! +) 9o$ may a plant respond to severe heat stress A) #y reorienting lea"es to increase e"aporati"e cooling B) #y creating air tu#es for "entilation C) #y producing heat-shoc proteins* $hich may protect the plants proteins from denaturing D) #y increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in cell mem#ranes* reducing their fluidity /) The signaling molecule for flo$ering might #e released earlier than usual in a long-day plant exposed to flashes of A) far-red light during the night! B) red light during the night! C) red light follo$ed #y far-red light during the night! D) far-red light during the day d ay!! 0) ,f a long-day plant has a critical night length of 6 hours* $hich 2+-hour cycle $ould pre"ent flo$ering A) 10 hours light5 hours dar B) 1+ hours light1 hours dar C) + hours light5 hours dar+ hours light5 hours dar D) 5 hours light5 hours darlight flash5 hours dar 3) A plant mutant that sho$s normal gra"itropic #ending #ut does not store starch in its plastids $ould re'uire a ree"aluation of the role of  in gra"itropism! A) auxin B) calcium C) statoliths D) differential gro$th

chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals.doc

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