Language: When I arrived at the cinema, the flm had started. (Intermediate)
Meaning: In this grammar structure “the flm had started” means that one thing happened beore another. The flm started frst. Tell the SS that I ent to the cinema at !."# p.m but the flm started at !$%% p.m. &se a time line to indicate that both events happened in the past. started ll I arrived at the cinema l cinema l 'astl flm started ll o*+uture (!.%% p.m) (!."# p.m) -s can also be eectivel/ used to conve/ the meaning o the sentence. 0re both events in the past1 2es. 3id I arrive at the cinema1 2es. 3id the flm start1 2es. Was I there hen the flm started1 o. Pronunciation eatures to highlight: When I arrived at the cinema, the flm had started. had started. /hæd/ strong orm Form to highlight: Sub4ect 5 had 5 67 ( past participle) Anticipated problems: The SS ma/ ma/ not use the au8iliar/ “had” and hence sa/, “When I arrived at the cinema, the flm started.”
Solutions: &se timeline e8amples to contrast the dierence. “When I arrived at the cinema, the flm started. The flm started a e seconds ater m/ arrival(Simple 'ast Tense) Tense) When I arrived at the cinema, the flm had started. The flm started some time beore I arrived. ('ast 'erect Tense)
eerences: Practical English Usage, Michael Swan (Oxford)
Language: 9/ grandather ould ala/s have seets in his poc:et or us. (&pper intermediate) Meaning: -s can be used to conve/ the meaning o the sentence. 0m I reerring to the past1 (/es) 3id m/ grandather have seets in his poc:et1 (/es) 3id m/ grandather have seets in his poc:et or us1 (/es) Was there a time hen m/ grandather didn;t have seets in his poc:et or us1 (no) Pronunciation eatures to highlight: The ord grandather ould have the phoneme
?$@A< Form to highlight: Would ala/s 5 verb Anticipated problems: SS ma/ conuse ;ould ala/s; ith ;use to;
Solutions: B8plain that e use ;used to; and ;ould; to describe habits or truths in the pastC the/ do not happen or are not true in the present. We can use used to or ould to describe repeated actions in the past We onl/ use used to or truths in the past •
•
eerences: Grammar for English Language Teachers, Martin Parrott (am!ridge) Page "#$
Language: ItDs too heav/ to lit. ('reintermediate) Meaning:
-s can be used to conve/ the meaning o the sentence. %s the o!&ect hea' (es)
an I lit the ob4ect1 (no) ould I lit the ob4ect i it as lighter1 (/es) Pronunciation eatures to highlight:
E E
E
ItDs too heav/ to lit. Form to highlight: Too heavy to lift Adverb (too) + adjective/adverb + rest of the sentence Anticipated problems: Solutions: The SS ma confuse *too* (also) with *too* (excessi'el)
Elicit the answer ! as+ing the SS to gi'e the meaning of this sentence Sarah was too tired to wal+ home- % was tired, too.-
eerences: Practical English Usage, Michael Swan (Oxford) Page #//
Language: 2ouDre flth/F What have /ou been doing1 (Intermediate) Meaning: -s can be used to conve/ the meaning o the sentence. 0m I clean no1 (no) Gave I done something to be flth/1 (/es) Is the person as:ing the Huestion unhapp/ about me being flth/1 (/es) 3oes the person ant to :no the reason h/ I am flth/1 (/es) Pronunciation eatures to highlight:
Stress on 2ouDre flth/F What have /ou been doi ng1 <JA< <;!l Ki
Form to highlight: "h#$uestions in the Present Perect Progressive %&ontinuous' Wh Huestions are Huestions that reHuire more inormation in their ansers. T/pical h ords are hat, here, hen, h/, hich, ho, ho, ho man/, ho much. To create a hHuestion, start ith the hord, then add have or has, then the sub4ect (a person or thing that has been doing the action), olloed b/ been and the ing (present participle) orm o the verb, and onl/ then add the rest o the sentence. hord 5 have 5 sub4ect 5 been 5 verb5ing1 ('resent 'erect ontinuous) Anticipated problems: (he SS ma) conuse Present Perect Simple *ith Present Perect &ontinuous+
Solutions: Ex0lain the difference to the SSThe 0resent 0erfect sim0le is used when the action is finished, and the result comes from the action !eing finishedThe 0resent 0erfect continuous is used when the result comes from the action itself- %t doesn*t matter if the whole action is finished or not- The result is often something we can see, hear, smell, or feel1 time line can also !e used to illustrate the difference-
eerences: Grammar for English Language Teachers, Martin Parrott (am!ridge) Page "23
Language: OPibrar/D 6s Oboo:shopD (Blementar/) Meaning: Pibrar/ Q a room or building containing boo:s that can be loo:ed at or borroed. Roo:shop Q a shop that sells boo:s. -s can be used to conve/ the meaning o the ords. Pibrar/$ an I :eep the boo:s1 (no) 3o I have to return the boo:s1 (/es) 3o I have to pa/ or the boo:s1 (no) an I read the boo:s there1 (nes) Roo:shop$ an I :eep the boo:s1 (/es) 3o I have to return the boo:s1 (no) 3o I have to pa/ or the boo:s1 (/es) Pronunciation eatures to highlight: Pibrar/ Roo:shop 4 ˈlaɪ!rəri 4
< b,:ULp <
Form to highlight: 0 librar/ (pl) libraries (countable noun, irregular plural) 0 boo:shop (pl) boo:shops (countable noun) Anticipated problems: SS ma/ pronounce < bJ:ULp < as < bJ:sLp < as a result o P" intererence.
Solutions: over unit 7V in “Ship or Sheep” and let the students practice the pronunciation o
eerences: 0. Ra:er, V%%. “Ship or Sheep” (7rd edition). ambridge &niversit/ 'ress
Language: Ge loo:ed the ord up in a dictionar/. ('reintermediate) Meaning: “Poo: up” is a phrasal verb” In this conte8t the meaning is as ollos$ To tr/ and fnd a piece o inormation that /ou do not understand (or :no the meaning o) b/ loo:ing in a boo: (or a computer). 3id he :no the meaning o the ord1 (no) 3id he tr/ and fnd out the meaning in a dictionar/1 (/es)
Pronunciation eatures to highlight: Ge loo:ed the ord up in a dictionar/
Form to highlight: To loo: up something. Sub4ect 5 phrasal verb. It is a separable phrasal verb. To loo: something up (hen ob4ect is a noun). It is inseparable hen the ob4ect is a pronoun.
Anticipated problems: Meaning/use The SS ma/ conuse it ith it;s literal meaning (loo:ing up above).
Solutions: Ex0lain 0hrasal 'er!s to SS- These are words wor+ing as a unit with a distinct meaning- 1 0hrasal 'er! is not a 'er! 0lus an ad'er! or a 'er! 0lus a 0re0osition- %t5s a 'er! all ! itself- 6hen we use the 0hrasal 'er! loo+ u0, the word u0 does not indicate direction li+e it normall does- %t doesn5t mean to loo+ in an u0ward direction-. %t5s an idiomatic use of u0 7 one that isn5t literal, !ut is intuiti'el understood ! English s0ea+ers-
eerences: Grammar for English Language Teachers, Martin Parrott (am!ridge) Page 8/
Language: She couldnDt ma:e ends meet ith 7 children and so man/ bills. (0dvanced) Meaning: ot having enough mone/ to bu/ the things /ou need. 3id she have di[cult/ in providing or her children1 (/es) 3id she have di[cult/ in pa/ing the bills1 (/es) 3id she have enough mone/ let over or hersel1 (no)
Pronunciation eatures to highlight: < Ui < <;-,dnt<
Solutions: Ex0lain that ma+e ends meet. is an idiom and *her* is not to !e added-
Grammar for English Language Teachers, Martin Parrott (am!ridge) Page 8/
Language: OTumm/D vs OstomachD ('reintermediate) Meaning: Stomach the part o the bod/ that stores and digests ood. Tumm/ Q a person;s stomach or abdomen. Tumm/ is an inormal ord or stomach. 0 term normall/ used b/ children or in spea:ing ith a child.
Pronunciation eatures to highlight: Stomach <stZmA:< “0che” is pronounced as
Anticipated problems: SS pronouncing the ord as < stZmeMtU< instead o <stZmA:<.
Solutions: The teacher ould model the correct pronunciation and drill the SS.
SS pronouncing the ord as < st0mA:< instead o <stZmA:<.
3emonstrate the dierence b/ shoing V pictures. In one picture a doctor ould be spea:ing to an adult and using the ord ;stomach;. In another picture the doctor uses the ord ;tumm/; hen spea:ing to a child. The child ould use the ord ;tumm/; as ell.
SS ma/ use the ord ;tumm/; hen reerring to an adult.
eerences: 9erriamWebster online dictionar/ ( http$<<.merriamebster.com<)
Bibliography Practical English Usage, Michael Swan (Oxford) Grammar for English Language Teachers, Martin Parrott (am!ridge)
0. Ra:er, V%%. “Ship or Sheep” (7rd edition). ambridge &niversit/ 'ress 9erriamWebster online dictionar/ ( http$<<.merriamebster.com< )
Assignment 2: Language-related task Candidate name9 ::::::::::::::::::: Checklist =ou ha'e sufficientl analsed the meaning, 0ronunciation and form of, 0ro'ided ade>uate conce0t?chec+ing >uestions for, and antici0ated 0otential 0ro!lems 4 solutions for@
Due date9 Sunda, / th ;o'em!er < 8am Tutor comment
3- 6hen % arri'ed at the cinema, the film had started"- M grandfather would alwas ha'e sweets in his 0oc+et for usA- %t5s too hea' to lift2- =ou5re filthB 6hat ha'e ou !een doing #- CLi!rar5 Ds C!oo+sho05 - Fe loo+ed the word u0 in a dictionar- She couldn5t ma+e ends meet with A children and so man !ills/- CTumm5 Ds Cstomach5 =ou ha'e 0ro'ided e'idence that ou loo+ed at reference materials=ou ha'e res0ected the word count9 #$? 3$$$ Assessment:
1 or X
Criteria analsing language correctl for teaching 0ur0os correctl using terminolog relating to form, meaning and 0honolog when analsing language accessing reference materials and referencing information the ha'e learned a!out language to an a00ro0riate source using written language that is clear, accurate and a00ro0riate to the tas+ Oerall !rade
Pass
Hesu!mit
Pass on resu!mission
Iail
Tutor9
