CELL MODIFICATIONS THAT LEAD TO
ADAPTATION ADAPTATION
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Kinds of Cell Cell Modifications Modifications
APICAL MODIFICATIONS MODIFICATIONS
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APICAL MODIFICATIONS (top) BASAL MODIFICATIONS (bottom) LATERAL MODIFICATIONS (sides)
Microvilli lso clled br!s"#strited border $i%& $i%&er er'li 'lie e cto ctopl plsmi smicc e*te e*te%s %sio io%s %s o$ t"e t"e picl s!r$ce +"ic" i%crese s!r$ce re $or bsorptio% %!mero %!mero!s, !s, o$te% o$te% re&!lr re&!lrl l rr%&ed rr%&ed,, %d $o!%d i% bsorptive epit"eli Cili motile, $!%ctio% i% moveme%t bets i% coordi%ted r"t"micl r"t"m icl +ve'lie m%%er, m%%er, promoti%& promoti%& moveme%t moveme%t o$ mterils mterils over t"e s!r$ce ppe pper r s s"or s"ortt "ir "ir'l 'li iee str! str!ct ct!r !res es or pro-ectio%s ec" cili!m is co%%ected to bsl bod %d e*te%ds $rom t"e $ree s!r$ce core is composed o$ microt!b!les rr%&ed i% speci$ic m%%er c% c% be $o!% $o!%d d i% t"e t"e li%i li%i%& %& o$ t"e t"e trc trc"e "e (+i%dpipe) or i% t"e Fllopi% t!be Stereocili lo%& lo%& microv microvill illii t"t t"t $!%cti $!%ctio% o% i% i%cre i%cresi% si%& & bsorptio% %o%'motile $o! $o!%d i% se% se%sor sor cell cellss i% er er %d ml mle reprod!ctive trct does %ot "ve t"e tr!e c"rcteristic o$ t"e tr!e cili or $l&ell Fl&ell re lso co%cer%ed +it" moveme%t sme sme *i *ill str!c str!ct! t!re re +it" +it" cili cili b!t m!c" m!c" lo%&er prese%t i% t"e til o$ t"e spermto.o
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LATERAL MODIFICATIONS
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Bsl I%$oldi%&s o$te% $o!%d i% epit"eli!m t"t re %o+% to tr%sport $l!id (id%e) +ill o$te% see mitoc"o%dri i% t"e bsl i%$oldi%&s/ s!&&ests t"t ctive tr%sport is occ!rri%& ver import%t i% epit"elil polri.tio% %d stbilit s!pport t"e epit"eli!m %d lso $!%ctio%s s pssive molec!lr sieve or !ltr$ilter i$ bs bsll lmi% mi% is destr estro oed ed (tr (tr! !m, m, i%$ectio%s, b!r%s), t"e epit"eli!m +ill %ot be repi pired b!t b!t s!bstit!ted +it" scr (co%%ective tiss!e)
Ti&"t 1!%ctio%s (2o%!l Occl!de%s) b%d %er t"e picl s!r$ce $orms sel, pperi%& to be $!sed t"ere is 34'56 %m spce bet+ee% epit"eli!m cells ti&" ti&"tt -!%c -!%cti tio% o% occl occl!d !des es#s #sep epr rt tes es t"e t"e comprtme%ts Ad"eri%& 1!%ctio%s (2o%!l Ad"ere%s) t"e cti% cti% $ilme $ilme%ts %ts +"ic" +"ic" me !p .o%!l .o%!l d"ere d"ere%s %s mi%t mi%ti% i% i%te&ri i%te&rit t o$ t"e cell to better bi%d $o!%d -!st be%et" t"e ti&"t -!%ctio% ctoplsmic $ce is li%ed to t"e cti% ctoseleto% 7p 1!%ctio%s co%% co%%e* e*o% o%ss o$ o%e o%e membr membr%e %e li& li&%s %s +it" +it" co%% co%%e* e*o% o% o$ d- d-ce ce%t %t me membr mbr% %ee so t"t t"t "drop"ilic mteril c% be tr%sported import%t i% cell comm!%ictio% d-ce%t cells re 5'8 %m prt Desmosome (Mc!l Ad"ere%s) protei% protei% $ilme%ts $ilme%ts i%terloc i%terloc +it" $ilme%ts o$ t"e t"e d- d-ce ce%t %t cell cell +"ic" "ic" $orm $ormss de%se e%se i%termedite li%e bet+ee% t"e cells "elp to resist s"eri%& $orces %d re $o!%d i% simple %d strti$ied s9!mo!s epit"eli!m
SPECIALIZED MODIFICATIONS
BASAL MODIFICATIONS
0emidesmosome protei% protei% $ilme%ts $ilme%ts i%terloc i%terloc +it" $ilme%ts o$ t"e t"e d- d-ce ce%t %t cell cell +"ic" "ic" $orm $ormss de%se e%se i%termedite li%e bet+ee% t"e cells $o!%d be%et" t"e .o%!l d"ere%s ctoplsmic $ce is co%%ected to micro$ilme%ts e*te%di%& i%to t"e ctoplsm
Nerve Nerve cells, cells, or %e!ro% %e!ro%ss re ver specili. specili.ed ed cells o$ t"e %ervo!s sstem: Si%ce % electricl electricl si&%l %eeds to trvel reltivel lo%& dist%ces to prts o$ t"e bod, %erve cells "ve specili.ed str!ct!res clled de%drites, +"ic" rece receiv ivee % elec electr tric icl l si&% si&%l l $rom $rom %ot %ot"e "err %e! %e!ro%, ro%, %d %d *o%s *o%s,, +"ic +"ic" " tr tr%smi %smitt % electricl si&%l to %ot"er %e!ro%: M!scle cells re mde !p primril o$ pir o$ specil protei%s clled cti% %d mosi% +"ic" llo+s t"e m!scle to co%trct: Red blood cells re %!cle %!clete te,, %d t"!s re prod!ced $rom bo%e mrro+, b!t co%ti% lr&e mo!%t mo!%tss o$ "emo&lo "emo&lobi% bi% to tr%sp tr%sport ort o*&e% o*&e% t"ro!&"o!t t"e bod: Sper perm cells lls re "plo ploid %d co%ti ti% $l&ell!m i% order to s+im t"ro!&" t"e v&i%: Pl%t cells "ve lr&e mo!%ts o$ t"e or&%elle c"loroplst, +"ic" llo+s t"e cell to !%der&o p"otos%t"e p"otos%t"esis: sis: Pl%t cells re lso covered covered b cell +ll:
