F lya lya V hcl O a`ay
be Zraorlkls `b Faefhbrtas
@èfl`ls `b Kýshfl y Ouhtlrrl Fcìshfl
H`bl. Zraybffhöe. Lrfnhvlkhbeta. Vbcbffhöe
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
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Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
6
F lya lya V hcl O a`ay
be Zraorlkls `b Faefhbrtas
@èfl`ls `b Kýshfl y Ouhtlrrl Fcìshfl
H`bl. Zraybffhöe. Lrfnhvlkhbeta. Vbcbffhöe
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz Vboue`l b`hfhöe - 4:<6 Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly 0
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
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F lya lya V hcl O a`ay
be Zraorlkls `b Faefhbrtas
@èfl`ls `b Kýshfl y Ouhtlrrl Fcìshfl
H`bl. Zraybffhöe. Lrfnhvlkhbeta. Vbcbffhöe
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz Vboue`l b`hfhöe - 4:<6 Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
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@b`hfltarhls IHFNL PÈFEHFL
Flya Vhcl Oa`ay be Zraorlkls `b Faefhbrtas > @èfl`ls `b Kýshfl y Ouhtlrrl Fcìshfl
Vboue`l b`hfhöe L cl kbkarhl `b kh qubrh`a lkhoa Nuoa @ulrtb Klezaeh
® Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz Flshccl `b Farrba 4?:02 Lsuefhöe - Zlrlouly Pbcbilx= + 282-4< - 9: 00 04 04 kavhc= 282 (:)88< ?2< 08> bklhc= bchoalcJylnaa.fak
L cl kbkarhl `b kh ldubcl, Dlshchl Bfnlurh Fìfbrbs kh tël, Ocl`ys Vnhrcby –Chcy‛ Oa`ay Bfnlurh
Zrhkbrl b`hfhöe. Vbthbkdrb `b 4::? Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly
khs tëls ldubcls, Bkhchl, Arashl y Klrël Ìcvlrbz Ta`rëoubz
Vboue`l b`hfhöe `b 2:: bmbkpclrbs Mueha `b 4:<6 Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly
kh kl`rb, Tlkael Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs
H`bl. Zraybffhöe. Lrfnhvlkhbeta. Vbcbffhöe.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz @hohtlchzlfhöe `b Hkìobebs
l kh tëa, Asflr _hc`b –Fnhefnhea‛ Oa`ay Bfnlurh
Ib`brhfa @ulrtb Thoaeh @hsbüa Orìfa
l kh nbrklea, Letaeha Khoubc Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz Nbrhd @ulrtb ]abccebr
l kh nbrklel, Ocl`ys Plehl Klrolrhtl Tlköe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
Hkprbshöe
Hkprbetl Lrtb Eubva. leubvaJoklhc.fak
L sadrhels y sadrheas, sadrheas, be `hibrbetbs cuolrbs `bc kue`a,
Nbfna bc `bpöshta qub klrfl cl cby E˝<64>/8>
l kh qubrh`a bspasa, B`ulr`a Nukdbrta Vlcvl`ar Ouchea Olrldlea
HVDE 8?>-88826-4-9><-0 8?>-88826-4-9><-0
l khs dhbelkl`as nhmas, Vbdlsthìe Ouchea Oa`ay Vlethloa Yhfbetb Ouchea Oa`ay l khs nhmls b nhmas be bc libfta ZACHFLTZA FBEPTA @B VBTYHFHAV FRCPRTLCBV
l kh ehbtl, Lcbssle`rl Ouchea Khüa l kh ehbta, Bkhchlea Ouchea Khüa
Zbrsaebrël Murë`hfl @bfrbta Z. B. E˝ ?80:
Flshccl `b Farrba= 4?:02 - F.Z. <>9< Pbcbilx + 282 - 4< - 9: 00 04 - Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly
l cl safhb`l` plrloulyl, `bpashtlrhl, `b nay be kìs, `b bstl kbkarhl `b trldlma `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay y `b cl ilkhchl qub ca nl lfakplül`a `urletb bstb clroa vhlmb. 9
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
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@b`hfltarhls IHFNL PÈFEHFL
Flya Vhcl Oa`ay be Zraorlkls `b Faefhbrtas > @èfl`ls `b Kýshfl y Ouhtlrrl Fcìshfl
Vboue`l b`hfhöe L cl kbkarhl `b kh qubrh`a lkhoa Nuoa @ulrtb Klezaeh
® Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz Flshccl `b Farrba 4?:02 Lsuefhöe - Zlrlouly Pbcbilx= + 282-4< - 9: 00 04 04 kavhc= 282 (:)88< ?2< 08> bklhc= bchoalcJylnaa.fak
L cl kbkarhl `b kh ldubcl, Dlshchl Bfnlurh Fìfbrbs kh tël, Ocl`ys Vnhrcby –Chcy‛ Oa`ay Bfnlurh
Zrhkbrl b`hfhöe. Vbthbkdrb `b 4::? Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly
khs tëls ldubcls, Bkhchl, Arashl y Klrël Ìcvlrbz Ta`rëoubz
Vboue`l b`hfhöe `b 2:: bmbkpclrbs Mueha `b 4:<6 Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly
kh kl`rb, Tlkael Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs
H`bl. Zraybffhöe. Lrfnhvlkhbeta. Vbcbffhöe.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz @hohtlchzlfhöe `b Hkìobebs
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Ib`brhfa @ulrtb Thoaeh @hsbüa Orìfa
l kh nbrklea, Letaeha Khoubc Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz Nbrhd @ulrtb ]abccebr
l kh nbrklel, Ocl`ys Plehl Klrolrhtl Tlköe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
Hkprbshöe
Hkprbetl Lrtb Eubva. leubvaJoklhc.fak
L sadrhels y sadrheas, sadrheas, be `hibrbetbs cuolrbs `bc kue`a,
Nbfna bc `bpöshta qub klrfl cl cby E˝<64>/8>
l kh qubrh`a bspasa, B`ulr`a Nukdbrta Vlcvl`ar Ouchea Olrldlea
HVDE 8?>-88826-4-9><-0 8?>-88826-4-9><-0
l khs dhbelkl`as nhmas, Vbdlsthìe Ouchea Oa`ay Vlethloa Yhfbetb Ouchea Oa`ay l khs nhmls b nhmas be bc libfta ZACHFLTZA FBEPTA @B VBTYHFHAV FRCPRTLCBV
l kh ehbtl, Lcbssle`rl Ouchea Khüa l kh ehbta, Bkhchlea Ouchea Khüa
Zbrsaebrël Murë`hfl @bfrbta Z. B. E˝ ?80:
Flshccl `b Farrba= 4?:02 - F.Z. <>9< Pbcbilx + 282 - 4< - 9: 00 04 - Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly
l cl safhb`l` plrloulyl, `bpashtlrhl, `b nay be kìs, `b bstl kbkarhl `b trldlma `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay y `b cl ilkhchl qub ca nl lfakplül`a `urletb bstb clroa vhlmb. Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
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Zrbsbetlfhöe Nb sh`a tbsthoa `b bc hekbesa trldlma rblchzl`a par kh pl`rb, Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, `urletb ta`l su vh`l praibshaelc, tbe`hbetb lc rbsfltb, rbfaphclfhöe, fuh`l`a, faesbrvlfhöe, `hiushöe y rbfaeafhkhbeta uehvbrslc `b cl adrl `b atra klbstra `b cl ouhtlrrl plrloulyl, Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas, Kleoarè (<>>2 -<800). Ea saclkbetb tbsthoa. Mueta l kh kl`rb, Tlkael Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs7 kh nbrklea, kh nbrklel y ya nbkas faesthtuh`a cl dlsb `b apbrlfhaebs `b bsl orle tlrbl `b lcflefb elfhaelc b hetbrelfhaelc, `b kletbehkhbeta `b ue vlcar lrtësthfa fucturlc `bc qub nay sb eutrb cl safhb`l`.
y a ` a O l c h V a y l F r a p s a ` h r r a f b r s a e h k l F
Ca qub bs ebfbslrha fakprbe`br bs qub nly `as kakbetas qub mlkìs sb nudhbrle ueh`a be bc thbkpa she bstb thtìehfa trldlma= bc `b cl kubrtb `b Dlrrhas be <800 y bc `b su faeslorlfhöe kue`hlc, `èfl`ls kìs tlr`b. Bs cl atrl faeslorlfhöe, cl qub `b`hfl Vhcl Oa`ay, lfakplül`a y sastbeh`a par su ilkhchl, l cl ourl y l cl adrl `b Dlrrhas, cl qub nlfb pashdcb qub bc sboue`a kakbeta
bxhstl. Bstb nbfna bs iue`lkbetlc y bs dìshflkbetb bc pueta `b plrth`l plrl fakprbe`br cl shkdhashs lrtësthfl qub sb `l betrb bstls `as orle`hasls ourls `b cl nhstarhl `b
cl ouhtlrrl plrloulyl. Bc nhca fae`uftar `b bstas nbfnas bs mustlkbetb bc trldlma `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay. Cl frbfhbetb hkpartlefhl qub vl fadrle`a cl ourl `b Dlrrhas orlfhls l bstl cldar, nlfb
qub sble fl`l vbz kìs ebfbslrhas bc thbkpa y cas rbfursas qu b sb cb nle `b drhe `lr. Vhe bkdlroa, y l pbslr `b ta`a ca fakbetl`a, bstb qub nay prbsbetlkas sbrì bc prhkbr kltbrhlc `b hevbstholfhöe `b`hfl`a lc trldlma `bc klbstra Flya Vhcl Oa`ay. @urletb cl faefbpfhöe `b bstl adrl nb trltl`a `b paebr bc klyar fuh`l`a be sbplrlr cl ourl `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay `b cl `b Loustëe Dlrrhas, ca fulc ea kb nl sh`a iìfhc be ka`a
lcouea, pubs, plrl kë khskl, Dlrrhas nl sh`a ue hetborletb kìs `b cl ilkhchl. Luequb euefl sb sbetldl l cl kbsl l lckarzlr eh l fbelr fae easatras, flsh shbkprb brl bc tbkl adchol`a `b faevbrslfhöe, bstuvhèrlkas fae a she vhshtletbs qub, obebrlckbetb, vbeële l dusflr plrthturls a `afukbetlfhöe sadrb bc khska. Zar bcca, `bspuès `b `hsbülr vlrhls iarkls `b prbsbetlfhöe `b bstb trldlma, `bfh`ë nlfbrca dlsìe`akb be cas Zraorlkls `b Faefhbrtas, cas fulcbs nldël h`a lrfnhvle`a l ca clroa `b lüas, trldlma plrlcbca par supubsta lc këa prapha y lc `b faestruhr uel ilkhchl l plrthr `b `hfhbkdrb `b <8?>. Kh ldubcl, Dlshchl Bfnlurh Fìfbrbs, kl`rb `b Vhcl, qub vhvhö be Kdaflylty, Yhcclrrhfl, nlstl su kubrtb l cas 8: lüas be <8?>, iub praparfhaeìe`akb atras kltbrhlcbs, letbrharbs l kh prapha elfhkhbeta, qub sb pra`ufb be Dubeas Lhrbs, be `hfhbkdrb `b <82:. Kh kl`rb brl, l`bkìs `b @aftarl be A`aetacaoël, uel lkletb `b cl nhstarhl y lrfnhvl`arl `b fuleta plpbchta ccboldl l sus kleas. Orlfhls l bccl, l sus fuh`l`as `b cl dhdchatbfl, `b su faetbeh`a, l su orle lkar l su bspasa y l su ilkhchl, sb nle faesbrvl`a y slcvl`a kufnas `afukbetas.
>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
8
Zrbsbetlfhöe Nb sh`a tbsthoa `b bc hekbesa trldlma rblchzl`a par kh pl`rb, Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, `urletb ta`l su vh`l praibshaelc, tbe`hbetb lc rbsfltb, rbfaphclfhöe, fuh`l`a, faesbrvlfhöe, `hiushöe y rbfaeafhkhbeta uehvbrslc `b cl adrl `b atra klbstra `b cl ouhtlrrl plrloulyl, Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas, Kleoarè (<>>2 -<800). Ea saclkbetb tbsthoa. Mueta l kh kl`rb, Tlkael Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs7 kh nbrklea, kh nbrklel y ya nbkas faesthtuh`a cl dlsb `b apbrlfhaebs `b bsl orle tlrbl `b lcflefb elfhaelc b hetbrelfhaelc, `b kletbehkhbeta `b ue vlcar lrtësthfa fucturlc `bc qub nay sb eutrb cl safhb`l`.
y a ` a O l c h V a y l F r a p s a ` h r r a f b r s a e h k l F
Ca qub bs ebfbslrha fakprbe`br bs qub nly `as kakbetas qub mlkìs sb nudhbrle ueh`a be bc thbkpa she bstb thtìehfa trldlma= bc `b cl kubrtb `b Dlrrhas be <800 y bc `b su faeslorlfhöe kue`hlc, `èfl`ls kìs tlr`b. Bs cl atrl faeslorlfhöe, cl qub `b`hfl Vhcl Oa`ay, lfakplül`a y sastbeh`a par su ilkhchl, l cl ourl y l cl adrl `b Dlrrhas, cl qub nlfb pashdcb qub bc sboue`a kakbeta
bxhstl. Bstb nbfna bs iue`lkbetlc y bs dìshflkbetb bc pueta `b plrth`l plrl fakprbe`br cl shkdhashs lrtësthfl qub sb `l betrb bstls `as orle`hasls ourls `b cl nhstarhl `b
cl ouhtlrrl plrloulyl. Bc nhca fae`uftar `b bstas nbfnas bs mustlkbetb bc trldlma `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay. Cl frbfhbetb hkpartlefhl qub vl fadrle`a cl ourl `b Dlrrhas orlfhls l bstl cldar, nlfb
qub sble fl`l vbz kìs ebfbslrhas bc thbkpa y cas rbfursas qu b sb cb nle `b drhe `lr. Vhe bkdlroa, y l pbslr `b ta`a ca fakbetl`a, bstb qub nay prbsbetlkas sbrì bc prhkbr kltbrhlc `b hevbstholfhöe `b`hfl`a lc trldlma `bc klbstra Flya Vhcl Oa`ay. @urletb cl faefbpfhöe `b bstl adrl nb trltl`a `b paebr bc klyar fuh`l`a be sbplrlr cl ourl `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay `b cl `b Loustëe Dlrrhas, ca fulc ea kb nl sh`a iìfhc be ka`a
lcouea, pubs, plrl kë khskl, Dlrrhas nl sh`a ue hetborletb kìs `b cl ilkhchl. Luequb euefl sb sbetldl l cl kbsl l lckarzlr eh l fbelr fae easatras, flsh shbkprb brl bc tbkl adchol`a `b faevbrslfhöe, bstuvhèrlkas fae a she vhshtletbs qub, obebrlckbetb, vbeële l dusflr plrthturls a `afukbetlfhöe sadrb bc khska. Zar bcca, `bspuès `b `hsbülr vlrhls iarkls `b prbsbetlfhöe `b bstb trldlma, `bfh`ë nlfbrca dlsìe`akb be cas Zraorlkls `b Faefhbrtas, cas fulcbs nldël h`a lrfnhvle`a l ca clroa `b lüas, trldlma plrlcbca par supubsta lc këa prapha y lc `b faestruhr uel ilkhchl l plrthr `b `hfhbkdrb `b <8?>. Kh ldubcl, Dlshchl Bfnlurh Fìfbrbs, kl`rb `b Vhcl, qub vhvhö be Kdaflylty, Yhcclrrhfl, nlstl su kubrtb l cas 8: lüas be <8?>, iub praparfhaeìe`akb atras kltbrhlcbs, letbrharbs l kh prapha elfhkhbeta, qub sb pra`ufb be Dubeas Lhrbs, be `hfhbkdrb `b <82:. Kh kl`rb brl, l`bkìs `b @aftarl be A`aetacaoël, uel lkletb `b cl nhstarhl y lrfnhvl`arl `b fuleta plpbchta ccboldl l sus kleas. Orlfhls l bccl, l sus fuh`l`as `b cl dhdchatbfl, `b su faetbeh`a, l su orle lkar l su bspasa y l su ilkhchl, sb nle faesbrvl`a y slcvl`a kufnas `afukbetas. Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
>
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Iatas Ilkhchlrbs
6
F lya V hcl O a`ay
8
Letaeha Khoubc y Ocl`ys Plehl Klrolrhtl Tlköe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz, kh nbrklea, kh nbrklel y ya, nbkas sh`a cl fakplüël ea faesuctl`l `b ta`l bstl trlvbsël nuklel, lrtësthfl y fucturlc. Eubstrls ebfbsh`l`bs shbkprb bstldle supb`htl`ls l ca qub nhfhbrl ilctl plrl cl faesbrvlfhöe y fuh`l`a `b cas `afukbetas qub afupldle ta`ls cls nldhtlfhaebs `b cl flsl. Eas lrrbocìdlkas `b klebrl qub sbouëlkas bstu`hle`a, fuckhele`a eubstrls flrrbrls `b Lrquhtbfturl kh nbrklea y ya, y `b Cbtrls, kh nbrklel, ta`ls be cl Rehvbrsh`l` Elfhaelc `b Lsuefhöe, REL. Be bstb chdra ea bstì ta`a ca qub nhza Flya Vhcl Oa`ay be kltbrhl `b Faefhbrtas. Bstì ca qub kb nl sh`a pashdcb faesbrvlr y sbcbffhaelr `b tlc klebrl qub sbl uel ouël `b faesuctl pbrklebetb qub pa`rì sbr fakpcbtl`l fae kbmarbs y klyarbs rbfursas, be vacýkbebs pastbrharbs.
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@bs`b cuboa qub ilctlrìe kufnas praorlkls qub nldrìe `bslplrbfh`a l ca clroa `bc thbkpa a qub, par ilctl `b bsplfha yl ea pa`lkas hefcuhr. @b ta`ls klebrls, bspbrlkas qub bstb kltbrhlc, ýehfa nlstl lnarl sadrb cl orle`hasl adrl `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, klbstra plrloulya `b kýshfl y ouhtlrrl fcìshfl, sbrì rbfhdh`a y vlcarl`a fae bc khska lprbfha qub kathvlrl su rblchzlfhö e.
9
Cas Zraorlkls `b Faefhbrtas iarkle plrtb `b ue ta`a faesthtuh`a par Tbfartbs `b Zrbesl, Flrtls Ilkhchlrbs, Flrtls Zraibshaelcbs, Iataorliëls, @b`hfltarhls, Nakbelmbs, Fae`bfarlfhaebs y Tbfaeafhkhbetas rbfhdh`as, y atras `afukbetas qub sae plrtb `b cl nhstarhl `b uel flrrbrl lrtësthfl. Nb sbcbffhael`a cas Zraorlkls `b Faefhbrtas y, be lcouels aflshaebs, flrtls a rbfartbs `b prbesl qub supcbe l cas khskas, be cas flsas be cas qub ea cas nb pa`h`a faesbouhr, yl qub fldb lfclrlr qub, ue l vbz ilccbfh`l kh kl`rb, bc 4> `b mueha `b <88< y bstle`a bc nhma y cls `as nhmls vhvhbe`a be eubstrls rbspbfthvls flsls, fae cls ilkhchls qub nldëlkas h`a faeiarkle`a, Vhcl pbrklebfb nldhtle`a cl flsl qub lcdbrol `afukbetas, lrfnhva y dhdchatbfl qub qub`le `bspuès `b cl kubrtb `b Tlkaehtl, `ìe`acbs `hibrbetbs usas y `bstheas qub èc `bfh`b pbrsaelckbetb.
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2
(<) <829, Lsuefhöe (4) <80>, Dubeas Lhrbs, Tlkaehtl, Ocl`ys Plehl Klrolrhtl y Letaeha Khoubc (6) <82>, Lsuefhöe. Bchsl, Letaeha Khoubc y Ocl`ys Plehl K. (0) <82>, Lsuefhöe. Ocl`ys Plehl K., Letaeha Khoubc, Bchsl, Vhcl (2) <8>0, Lsuefhöe. L su rborbsa `b Lustrlchl, Vhcl ra`bl`a `b su bspasl Tlkaehtl, su nhma Letaeha Khoubc, sus nhmls Plehl y Bchsl, sus ehbtls Achvhl, K. Oldrhbcl, K. Carbel y sus ehbtas Ta`rhoa, Vbdlsthìe y Vlethloa. (9) <802, Dubeas Lhrbs. Tlkaehtl y Letaeha Khoubc (?) Dlshchl Bfnlurh Fìfbrbs, kl`rb `b Vhcl. (>) <826, Ds. Ls. Asflr –Fnhefnhea‛ Oa`ay fae Bchsl, Letaeha y Plehl.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly, 4::?.
2
0
Iata `b <880. Dbeh`ark, Bsplül
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Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
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Iatas Ilkhchlrbs
6
Letaeha Khoubc y Ocl`ys Plehl Klrolrhtl Tlköe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz, kh nbrklea, kh nbrklel y ya, nbkas sh`a cl fakplüël ea faesuctl`l `b ta`l bstl trlvbsël nuklel, lrtësthfl y fucturlc. Eubstrls ebfbsh`l`bs shbkprb bstldle supb`htl`ls l ca qub nhfhbrl ilctl plrl cl faesbrvlfhöe y fuh`l`a `b cas `afukbetas qub afupldle ta`ls cls nldhtlfhaebs `b cl flsl. Eas lrrbocìdlkas `b klebrl qub sbouëlkas bstu`hle`a, fuckhele`a eubstrls flrrbrls `b Lrquhtbfturl kh nbrklea y ya, y `b Cbtrls, kh nbrklel, ta`ls be cl Rehvbrsh`l` Elfhaelc `b Lsuefhöe, REL. Be bstb chdra ea bstì ta`a ca qub nhza Flya Vhcl Oa`ay be kltbrhl `b Faefhbrtas. Bstì ca qub kb nl sh`a pashdcb faesbrvlr y sbcbffhaelr `b tlc klebrl qub sbl uel ouël `b faesuctl pbrklebetb qub pa`rì sbr fakpcbtl`l fae kbmarbs y klyarbs rbfursas, be vacýkbebs pastbrharbs.
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@bs`b cuboa qub ilctlrìe kufnas praorlkls qub nldrìe `bslplrbfh`a l ca clroa `bc thbkpa a qub, par ilctl `b bsplfha yl ea pa`lkas hefcuhr. @b ta`ls klebrls, bspbrlkas qub bstb kltbrhlc, ýehfa nlstl lnarl sadrb cl orle`hasl adrl `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, klbstra plrloulya `b kýshfl y ouhtlrrl fcìshfl, sbrì rbfhdh`a y vlcarl`a fae bc khska lprbfha qub kathvlrl su rblchzlfhö e.
9
Cas Zraorlkls `b Faefhbrtas iarkle plrtb `b ue ta`a faesthtuh`a par Tbfartbs `b Zrbesl, Flrtls Ilkhchlrbs, Flrtls Zraibshaelcbs, Iataorliëls, @b`hfltarhls, Nakbelmbs, Fae`bfarlfhaebs y Tbfaeafhkhbetas rbfhdh`as, y atras `afukbetas qub sae plrtb `b cl nhstarhl `b uel flrrbrl lrtësthfl. Nb sbcbffhael`a cas Zraorlkls `b Faefhbrtas y, be lcouels aflshaebs, flrtls a rbfartbs `b prbesl qub supcbe l cas khskas, be cas flsas be cas qub ea cas nb pa`h`a faesbouhr, yl qub fldb lfclrlr qub, ue l vbz ilccbfh`l kh kl`rb, bc 4> `b mueha `b <88< y bstle`a bc nhma y cls `as nhmls vhvhbe`a be eubstrls rbspbfthvls flsls, fae cls ilkhchls qub nldëlkas h`a faeiarkle`a, Vhcl pbrklebfb nldhtle`a cl flsl qub lcdbrol `afukbetas, lrfnhva y dhdchatbfl qub qub`le `bspuès `b cl kubrtb `b Tlkaehtl, `ìe`acbs `hibrbetbs usas y `bstheas qub èc `bfh`b pbrsaelckbetb.
?
2
(<) <829, Lsuefhöe (4) <80>, Dubeas Lhrbs, Tlkaehtl, Ocl`ys Plehl Klrolrhtl y Letaeha Khoubc (6) <82>, Lsuefhöe. Bchsl, Letaeha Khoubc y Ocl`ys Plehl K. (0) <82>, Lsuefhöe. Ocl`ys Plehl K., Letaeha Khoubc, Bchsl, Vhcl (2) <8>0, Lsuefhöe. L su rborbsa `b Lustrlchl, Vhcl ra`bl`a `b su bspasl Tlkaehtl, su nhma Letaeha Khoubc, sus nhmls Plehl y Bchsl, sus ehbtls Achvhl, K. Oldrhbcl, K. Carbel y sus ehbtas Ta`rhoa, Vbdlsthìe y Vlethloa. (9) <802, Dubeas Lhrbs. Tlkaehtl y Letaeha Khoubc (?) Dlshchl Bfnlurh Fìfbrbs, kl`rb `b Vhcl. (>) <826, Ds. Ls. Asflr –Fnhefnhea‛ Oa`ay fae Bchsl, Letaeha y Plehl.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly, 4::?.
2
0
Iata `b <880. Dbeh`ark, Bsplül
4 <:
>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<<
Tbsbül Dhaorìfl
Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, l cas ? lüas, ouhtlrrl be klea.
Iata `b F.V.O., dbdè `b 9 kbsbs, fae cas pbrras `b cl Bstlefhl Vletl Klrël, `b su ldubca, @ae Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay y `b su ldubcl, @aül Klrël Lel Lciaesa, (cl praphb`l` ldlrfldl ca qub nay sb faeafb faka Vletl Klrël Üý, betrb Flloulzý, Faraebc Avhb`a y Oulhrì). <4
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<6
Tbsbül Dhaorìfl
Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, l cas ? lüas, ouhtlrrl be klea.
Iata `b F.V.O., dbdè `b 9 kbsbs, fae cas pbrras `b cl Bstlefhl Vletl Klrël, `b su ldubca, @ae Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay y `b su ldubcl, @aül Klrël Lel Lciaesa, (cl praphb`l` ldlrfldl ca qub nay sb faeafb faka Vletl Klrël Üý, betrb Flloulzý, Faraebc Avhb`a y Oulhrì). Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
<4
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<6
Tbsbül Dhaorìfl
FLXA VHCL OA@AX Be <889 rbfhdb cl Fae`bfarlfhöe Fae`bfarlfhöe L Cl Ar`be `bc Kèrhta be bc Orl`a `b Fakbe`l`ar, Fakbe`l`ar, atarol`l par bc Oadhbrea Zlrloulya.
Elfhö bc 0 `b `hfhbkdrb `b <8<8 be bc t brrhtarha fakprbe`h`a betrb Flloulzý Flloulzý y Oulhrì, kathva par bc fulc bxhstbe uels dhaorliëls qub udhfle su elfhkhbeta elfhkhbeta be Lmas (Faraebc Avhb`a) y atrls be Yhcclrrhfl. Tbsh`b nldhtulckbetb be Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly, fule`a ea sb befubetrl be bc bxtrlembra par kathvas praibshaelcbs.
Be bc lüa 4::6 cb bs airbfh`a ue Nakbelmb Elfhaelc be bc Pbltra Kuehfhplc `b Vle Carbeza, lc qub lfu`be `hsfhpucas y l`khrl`arbs `b ta`a bc Zlrlouly. Zlrlouly.
Nhma `b Bvlrhsta Oa`ay Lciaesa y `b Dlshchl Bfnlurh Fìfbrbs. Cas hestrukbetas kushflcbs brle plrtb `bc plhslmb ilkhchlr Bfnlurh, cl kl`rb `b Vhcl tafldl cl kle`achel elpachtlel y fl`l tël a tëa ue hestrukbeta `hibrbetb. Be bsb lkdhbetb, Vhcl `bslrraccö su lkar l cl kýshfl. Fursö bstu`has prhklrhas y sbfue`lrhas be Yhcclrrhfl. L cas <9 lüas sb trlescl`ö l Lsuefhöe, `ae`b bstu`hö be bc Ltbeba Zlrloulya, `bc qub borbsö faka Zraibsar Vupbrhar `b Kýshfl.
Be `hfhbkdrb `bc 4::0, lkhstl`bs `bc klbstra cb airbfbe ue lolslma be bc Tbstlurlet Lustrhl, bc `ël be qub fukpcb >2 lüas. Fakplrtb fae su lkhoa `b muvbetu`, Luousta Tal Dlstas, betrb lkhols, lkhoas, facbols y ilkhchlrbs. Vae sus `bsfbe`hbetbs= Letaeha Khoubc Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz(<802, Lrquhtbfta), Ocl`ys Plehl Klrolrhtl T. Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz (<80?, Chfbefhl`l be Cbtrls) y Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz (<82:, Lrquhtbftl), quhbebs nle borbsl`a `b cl Rehvbrsh`l` Elfhaelc `b Lsuefhöe, be sus rbspbfthvls flrrbrls.
Be cl `èfl`l `bc 0: iarkl YX°L TLXPX, TLXPX, fae Luousta Tal Dlstas, Masbel Zcì, Nèrhd Flkpas
Fbrvbrl, Chdbr Irh`kle y atras lrthstls. Airbfb faefhbrtas be Tl`has y Pbltras `b Lsuefhöe. Betrbtleta, faeshoub uel Dbfl plrl plrl bstu`hlr ouhtlrrl fae cl Zraibsarl Faesubca Faesubca Klcca Cöpbz, be Dubeas Lhrbs, `ae`b rbsh`b betrb <800 y <820. Tblchzl ohrls `b faefhbrtas be LrobeLrobethel y Rruouly. Be <820 hehfhl ue vhlmb plrl rbfaphclr cl adrl `b Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas, Kleoarè, `hsbkhel`l y `hspbrsl be vlrhas plësbs lkbrhfleas. Bstb trldlma ca ccbvl l flda fae su bspasl, Tlkael Kleubcl Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs, @aftarl be A`aetacaoël borbsl`l `b cl Rehvbrsh`l` Elfhaelc `b Lsuefhöe, ccbole`a nlstl Vle Vlcvl`ar, Fbetralkèrhfl, `ae`b vhshtle cl tukdl `b Dlrrhas. L plrthr `b bsb kakbeta, Vhcl `b`hfl su vh`l l cl rbfaphclfhöe, faesbrvlfhöe y `hiushöe `b cl adrl `b Dlrrhas Dlrrhas nlstl su faeslorlfhöe faeslorlfhöe kue`hlc, nbfna qub qub sb pra`ufhrì fhefubetl lüas `bspuès. Be bsl cldar bs lpayl`a pbrklebetbkbetb par su ilkhchl. Be <828 bs hevhtl`a par bc Klbstra bsplüac Le`rès Vboavhl. Lshstb l sus fclsbs be Vlethloa `b Fakpastbcl, Olchfhl, Bsplül.
Flya Vhcl Oa`ay sb `b`hfl nldhtulckbetb nldhtulckbetb lc bstu`ha, hevbstholfhöe y `hiushöe `hiushöe `bc tbsara qub nl lfukucl`a l ca clroa `b su vh`l= bc faeafhkhbeta `b cl kýshfl y cl ouhtlrrl fcìshfl plrloulyl y uehvbrslc.
Lsuefhöe, 42 `b ldrhc `b 4::2 B.F.O.L.
Be <896, hevhtl`a par bc Zrbsh`betb Mane I. Gbeeb`y, vhlml l Bstl`as Reh`as y airbfb uel ohrl `b prbsbetlfhaebs. prbsbetlfhaebs. @bs`b <892 pbrklebfb `as lüas be Kèxhfa, be ohrl `b faefhbrtas arolehzl`l par AZHF. Be `hibrbetbs èpafls, Vhcl rbsh`b y trldlml be Bsplül, Bc Vlcvl`ar, Vlcvl`ar, Oultbklcl, Fastl Thfl, Nae`urls. Be <8?? orldl be Bstl`as Reh`as. Yhshtl Mlpöe be <8>:, Lustrlchl be <8>0. Tbbefubetrl l su klbstra y lkhoa Le`rès Vboavhl be vlrhls apartueh`l`bs, be `hibrbetbs cuolrbs `bc kue`a. Ca vb par ýcthkl vbz be _lsnheotae be <8>2, pafa letbs `b cl kubrtb `b Vboavhl.
4::?, `akheoa 0 `b ibdrbra. Eas rbuehkas be flsl plrl vbr öpbrls ilkasls be @Y@. Bsb `ël vhkas Cl Prlvhlttl.
<0
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<2
Tbsbül Dhaorìfl
FLXA VHCL OA@AX Be <889 rbfhdb cl Fae`bfarlfhöe Fae`bfarlfhöe L Cl Ar`be `bc Kèrhta be bc Orl`a `b Fakbe`l`ar, Fakbe`l`ar, atarol`l par bc Oadhbrea Zlrloulya.
Elfhö bc 0 `b `hfhbkdrb `b <8<8 be bc t brrhtarha fakprbe`h`a betrb Flloulzý Flloulzý y Oulhrì, kathva par bc fulc bxhstbe uels dhaorliëls qub udhfle su elfhkhbeta elfhkhbeta be Lmas (Faraebc Avhb`a) y atrls be Yhcclrrhfl. Tbsh`b nldhtulckbetb be Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly, fule`a ea sb befubetrl be bc bxtrlembra par kathvas praibshaelcbs.
Be bc lüa 4::6 cb bs airbfh`a ue Nakbelmb Elfhaelc be bc Pbltra Kuehfhplc `b Vle Carbeza, lc qub lfu`be `hsfhpucas y l`khrl`arbs `b ta`a bc Zlrlouly. Zlrlouly.
Nhma `b Bvlrhsta Oa`ay Lciaesa y `b Dlshchl Bfnlurh Fìfbrbs. Cas hestrukbetas kushflcbs brle plrtb `bc plhslmb ilkhchlr Bfnlurh, cl kl`rb `b Vhcl tafldl cl kle`achel elpachtlel y fl`l tël a tëa ue hestrukbeta `hibrbetb. Be bsb lkdhbetb, Vhcl `bslrraccö su lkar l cl kýshfl. Fursö bstu`has prhklrhas y sbfue`lrhas be Yhcclrrhfl. L cas <9 lüas sb trlescl`ö l Lsuefhöe, `ae`b bstu`hö be bc Ltbeba Zlrloulya, `bc qub borbsö faka Zraibsar Vupbrhar `b Kýshfl.
Be `hfhbkdrb `bc 4::0, lkhstl`bs `bc klbstra cb airbfbe ue lolslma be bc Tbstlurlet Lustrhl, bc `ël be qub fukpcb >2 lüas. Fakplrtb fae su lkhoa `b muvbetu`, Luousta Tal Dlstas, betrb lkhols, lkhoas, facbols y ilkhchlrbs. Vae sus `bsfbe`hbetbs= Letaeha Khoubc Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz(<802, Lrquhtbfta), Ocl`ys Plehl Klrolrhtl T. Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz (<80?, Chfbefhl`l be Cbtrls) y Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz (<82:, Lrquhtbftl), quhbebs nle borbsl`a `b cl Rehvbrsh`l` Elfhaelc `b Lsuefhöe, be sus rbspbfthvls flrrbrls.
Be cl `èfl`l `bc 0: iarkl YX°L TLXPX, TLXPX, fae Luousta Tal Dlstas, Masbel Zcì, Nèrhd Flkpas
Fbrvbrl, Chdbr Irh`kle y atras lrthstls. Airbfb faefhbrtas be Tl`has y Pbltras `b Lsuefhöe. Betrbtleta, faeshoub uel Dbfl plrl plrl bstu`hlr ouhtlrrl fae cl Zraibsarl Faesubca Faesubca Klcca Cöpbz, be Dubeas Lhrbs, `ae`b rbsh`b betrb <800 y <820. Tblchzl ohrls `b faefhbrtas be LrobeLrobethel y Rruouly. Be <820 hehfhl ue vhlmb plrl rbfaphclr cl adrl `b Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas, Kleoarè, `hsbkhel`l y `hspbrsl be vlrhas plësbs lkbrhfleas. Bstb trldlma ca ccbvl l flda fae su bspasl, Tlkael Kleubcl Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs, @aftarl be A`aetacaoël borbsl`l `b cl Rehvbrsh`l` Elfhaelc `b Lsuefhöe, ccbole`a nlstl Vle Vlcvl`ar, Fbetralkèrhfl, `ae`b vhshtle cl tukdl `b Dlrrhas. L plrthr `b bsb kakbeta, Vhcl `b`hfl su vh`l l cl rbfaphclfhöe, faesbrvlfhöe y `hiushöe `b cl adrl `b Dlrrhas Dlrrhas nlstl su faeslorlfhöe faeslorlfhöe kue`hlc, nbfna qub qub sb pra`ufhrì fhefubetl lüas `bspuès. Be bsl cldar bs lpayl`a pbrklebetbkbetb par su ilkhchl. Be <828 bs hevhtl`a par bc Klbstra bsplüac Le`rès Vboavhl. Lshstb l sus fclsbs be Vlethloa `b Fakpastbcl, Olchfhl, Bsplül.
Flya Vhcl Oa`ay sb `b`hfl nldhtulckbetb nldhtulckbetb lc bstu`ha, hevbstholfhöe y `hiushöe `hiushöe `bc tbsara qub nl lfukucl`a l ca clroa `b su vh`l= bc faeafhkhbeta `b cl kýshfl y cl ouhtlrrl fcìshfl plrloulyl y uehvbrslc.
Lsuefhöe, 42 `b ldrhc `b 4::2 B.F.O.L.
Be <896, hevhtl`a par bc Zrbsh`betb Mane I. Gbeeb`y, vhlml l Bstl`as Reh`as y airbfb uel ohrl `b prbsbetlfhaebs. prbsbetlfhaebs. @bs`b <892 pbrklebfb `as lüas be Kèxhfa, be ohrl `b faefhbrtas arolehzl`l par AZHF. Be `hibrbetbs èpafls, Vhcl rbsh`b y trldlml be Bsplül, Bc Vlcvl`ar, Vlcvl`ar, Oultbklcl, Fastl Thfl, Nae`urls. Be <8?? orldl be Bstl`as Reh`as. Yhshtl Mlpöe be <8>:, Lustrlchl be <8>0. Tbbefubetrl l su klbstra y lkhoa Le`rès Vboavhl be vlrhls apartueh`l`bs, be `hibrbetbs cuolrbs `bc kue`a. Ca vb par ýcthkl vbz be _lsnheotae be <8>2, pafa letbs `b cl kubrtb `b Vboavhl.
4::?, `akheoa 0 `b ibdrbra. Eas rbuehkas be flsl plrl vbr öpbrls ilkasls be @Y@. Bsb `ël vhkas Cl Prlvhlttl.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
<0
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<2
TBVRKBE ZAT @ÈFL@LV X ZLËVBV TBFATTH@AV* <86: l <868 Yhcclrrhfl, Febc. Avhb`a, Bstu`has, Vbrvhfha Khchtlr, Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly
<80: l <808
Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly Dubeas Lhrbs, Lrobethel Ylrhls fhu`l`bs lrobethels Kaetbvh`ba, Rruouly
<82: l <828
Kaetbvh`ba, Rruouly Ylrhls fhu`l`bs lrobethels Zlrlouly Fnhcb Bc Vlcvl`ar, Fbetra Lkèrhfl Vlethloa `b Fakpastbcl, Bsplül Ylcbefhl, Kl`rh`, Bsplül
<86: l <868
<89: l <898
Zlrlouly Bstl`as Reh`as Bstl`as Reh`as `b Kèxhfa Oultbklcl
<8?: l <8?8
Tëa `b cl Zcltl Drlshc Zlrlouly Dachvhl Bful`ar Zbrý Bc Vlcvl`ar Oultbklcl Rehvbrsh`l`bs `b Bstl`as Reh`as Orldlfhaebs `b `hsfas be Eubvl Xarg, Bstl`as Reh`as Kèxhfa
<8>: l <8>8 Mlpöe Lrobethel Lustrlchl Zlrlouly Bsplül Irlefhl Bstl`as Reh`as Lcbklehl Drlshc Ybebzubcl
<88: l <888
Bsplül Zlrlouly Bstl`as Reh`as Fhfca `b Faefhbrtas be cl flphtlc y bc hetbrhar `bc Zlrlouly
4::: l 4::? Zlrlouly * Chstl`a plrfhlc `afukbetl`a be bstb chdra. <9
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
TBVRKBE ZAT @ÈFL@LV X ZLËVBV TBFATTH@AV* <86: l <868 Yhcclrrhfl, Febc. Avhb`a, Bstu`has, Vbrvhfha Khchtlr, Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly
<80: l <808
Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly Dubeas Lhrbs, Lrobethel Ylrhls fhu`l`bs lrobethels Kaetbvh`ba, Rruouly
<82: l <828
Kaetbvh`ba, Rruouly Ylrhls fhu`l`bs lrobethels Zlrlouly Fnhcb Bc Vlcvl`ar, Fbetra Lkèrhfl Vlethloa `b Fakpastbcl, Bsplül Ylcbefhl, Kl`rh`, Bsplül
<86: l <868
<89: l <898
Zlrlouly Bstl`as Reh`as Bstl`as Reh`as `b Kèxhfa Oultbklcl
<8?: l <8?8
Tëa `b cl Zcltl Drlshc Zlrlouly Dachvhl Bful`ar Zbrý Bc Vlcvl`ar Oultbklcl Rehvbrsh`l`bs `b Bstl`as Reh`as Orldlfhaebs `b `hsfas be Eubvl Xarg, Bstl`as Reh`as Kèxhfa
<8>: l <8>8 Mlpöe Lrobethel Lustrlchl Zlrlouly Bsplül Irlefhl Bstl`as Reh`as Lcbklehl Drlshc Ybebzubcl
<88: l <888
Bsplül Zlrlouly Bstl`as Reh`as Fhfca `b Faefhbrtas be cl flphtlc y bc hetbrhar `bc Zlrlouly
4::: l 4::? Zlrlouly * Chstl`a plrfhlc `afukbetl`a be bstb chdra. <9
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
Iata `b cl @èfl`l `bc „6:. Asflr _hc`b Oa`ay, Fnhefnhea, praparfhaeö bstl iata be mueha `b 4::?. Nbrklea kbear `b Vhcl, klethbeb fae èstb uel rbclfhöe `b sheouclr libfta. Bc sadrb bs `bc 4::?, bevëa `b @Y@‘s `b öpbrls ilkasls qub Vhcl `hsirutl vbr be ilkhchl.
<86?, 4 `b klrza. Flrtl l su kl`rb, `bs`b bc Orle Fulrtbc Obebrlc. Bstl flrtl he`hfl bc lüa be qub Vhcl sb trlescl`l `b Yhcclrrhfl l Lsuefhöe plrl nlfbr bc Vbrvhfha Khchtlr.
<>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<8
Iata `b cl @èfl`l `bc „6:. Asflr _hc`b Oa`ay, Fnhefnhea, praparfhaeö bstl iata be mueha `b 4::?. Nbrklea kbear `b Vhcl, klethbeb fae èstb uel rbclfhöe `b sheouclr libfta. Bc sadrb bs `bc 4::?, bevëa `b @Y@‘s `b öpbrls ilkasls qub Vhcl `hsirutl vbr be ilkhchl.
<86?, 4 `b klrza. Flrtl l su kl`rb, `bs`b bc Orle Fulrtbc Obebrlc. Bstl flrtl he`hfl bc lüa be qub Vhcl sb trlescl`l `b Yhcclrrhfl l Lsuefhöe plrl nlfbr bc Vbrvhfha Khchtlr.
<>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<8
<80: l <808
4:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4<
<80: l <808
4:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4<
Vhcl Oa`ay fae sus fakplübras bstu`hletbs `bc Ltbeba Zlrloulya.
<80:, cuebs 8 `b `hfhbkdrb. @hlrha Bc Zlës . Fhtl l –cl ouhtlrrhstl y praib- sarl Berhqubtl Oaezìcbz quhbe sb nl nbfna flroa `b cl b`uflfhöe kushflc b hestrukbetlc `b F.V.O.‛
<80<, 6: `b ldrhc. Rea `b cas prhkbras Tbfhtlcbs `b Vhcl be Lsuefhöe, mueta l cas ouhtlrrhstls @haehsha Dlsulc`a, Pbcèsiara Bsfadlr y Mule Vleturhöe Klrtëebz.
<80<, <8 `b bebra. @hlrha Cl Tlzöe . Aphehöe `b @aül Masbel Zcì, be cl fulc sb rbbrb l cl kb`hl dbfl `b Pbarël y Vaciba qub bc Ltbeba Zlrloulya rbsacvhö faefb`br lc bstu`hletb Flya Vhcl Oa`ay. 44
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
46
Vhcl Oa`ay fae sus fakplübras bstu`hletbs `bc Ltbeba Zlrloulya.
<80:, cuebs 8 `b `hfhbkdrb. @hlrha Bc Zlës . Fhtl l –cl ouhtlrrhstl y praib- sarl Berhqubtl Oaezìcbz quhbe sb nl nbfna flroa `b cl b`uflfhöe kushflc b hestrukbetlc `b F.V.O.‛
<80<, 6: `b ldrhc. Rea `b cas prhkbras Tbfhtlcbs `b Vhcl be Lsuefhöe, mueta l cas ouhtlrrhstls @haehsha Dlsulc`a, Pbcèsiara Bsfadlr y Mule Vleturhöe Klrtëebz.
<80<, <8 `b bebra. @hlrha Cl Tlzöe . Aphehöe `b @aül Masbel Zcì, be cl fulc sb rbbrb l cl kb`hl dbfl `b Pbarël y Vaciba qub bc Ltbeba Zlrloulya rbsacvhö faefb`br lc bstu`hletb Flya Vhcl Oa`ay. 44
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
46
<80<, mubvbs <: y sìdl`a <4 `b mucha. @hlrha Bc Zlës. Zbül `bc Ltbeba Zlrloulya be Nakbelmb l cl rbfhtl`arl lrobethel Obarohel `b Rrhlrtb. Cl eatl kbefhael l= M.F. Karbea Oaezìcbz, @r. Mule Daoohea, Klrolrhtl Vìefnbz Zlclfhas, Flrcas Dlstbrrbhx, Ibrele`a Afl `bc Ylccb, Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, Flrcas Clrl Dlrbhra, orupa arqubstlc `b cl Lsafhlfhöe Zlrloulyl `b Kýshfas `hrhoh`a par bc klbstra Thvls Artbccl`a.
<804, <8 `b `hfhbkdrb. @hlrha Bc Zlës , pìo<4. Lftulfhöe `b Vhcl Oa`ay be bc Pbltra Kuehfhplc, Lsuefhöe, be Orle Faefhbrta `b Kýshfl `b Fìklrl airbfh`a par cl Lsafhlfhöe `b Kýshfas `bc Zlrlouly. 40
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
42
<80<, mubvbs <: y sìdl`a <4 `b mucha. @hlrha Bc Zlës. Zbül `bc Ltbeba Zlrloulya be Nakbelmb l cl rbfhtl`arl lrobethel Obarohel `b Rrhlrtb. Cl eatl kbefhael l= M.F. Karbea Oaezìcbz, @r. Mule Daoohea, Klrolrhtl Vìefnbz Zlclfhas, Flrcas Dlstbrrbhx, Ibrele`a Afl `bc Ylccb, Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, Flrcas Clrl Dlrbhra, orupa arqubstlc `b cl Lsafhlfhöe Zlrloulyl `b Kýshfas `hrhoh`a par bc klbstra Thvls Artbccl`a.
<804, <8 `b `hfhbkdrb. @hlrha Bc Zlës , pìo<4. Lftulfhöe `b Vhcl Oa`ay be bc Pbltra Kuehfhplc, Lsuefhöe, be Orle Faefhbrta `b Kýshfl `b Fìklrl airbfh`a par cl Lsafhlfhöe `b Kýshfas `bc Zlrlouly. Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
40
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
42
Yhcclrhfl. @btrìs `b quhbe cbb, l su `brbfnl, Tlkaehtl Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs.
<806, <> `b bebra. @hlrha Bc Vurfa . Pbltra Kuehfhplc `b Yhcclrrhfl. Faefhbrta `b Klrël Cuhsl Xaro, Flya Vhcl Oa`ay y Flrcas Clrl Dlrbhra, phlea, ouhtlrrl ouhtlrrl y vhacëe, rbspbfthvlkbetb, l dbebfha `bc Nasphtlc Tbohaelc `b Yhcclrrhfl.
<800, cuebs 4> loasta. @hlrha Bc Zlës . Bsfrhta `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay l pafas `ëls `b cl kubrtb `b Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas, Ehtsuol Kleoarè, afurrh`l be Bc Vlcvl`ar, bc > `b loasta `b <800. Vb vb bc phb `b atra bsfrhta, `b Luousta Tal Dlstas, lfbrfl `bc khska nbfna. F.V.O. `b`hfö ta`l su vh`l l rbfaphclr, faesbrvlr, y `hiue`hr cl adrl `b Loustëe Dlrrhas, nlstl cl faeslorlfhöe `b cl khskl faka lcta vlcar `b cl ouhtlrrësthfl kue`hlc.
<804, 49 `b `hfhbkdrb. Plrmbtl `b Vafha Prlesbýetb `bc Fbetra Bsplüac `b Yhcclrrhfl. 49
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4?
Yhcclrhfl. @btrìs `b quhbe cbb, l su `brbfnl, Tlkaehtl Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs.
<806, <> `b bebra. @hlrha Bc Vurfa . Pbltra Kuehfhplc `b Yhcclrrhfl. Faefhbrta `b Klrël Cuhsl Xaro, Flya Vhcl Oa`ay y Flrcas Clrl Dlrbhra, phlea, ouhtlrrl ouhtlrrl y vhacëe, rbspbfthvlkbetb, l dbebfha `bc Nasphtlc Tbohaelc `b Yhcclrrhfl.
<800, cuebs 4> loasta. @hlrha Bc Zlës . Bsfrhta `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay l pafas `ëls `b cl kubrtb `b Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas, Ehtsuol Kleoarè, afurrh`l be Bc Vlcvl`ar, bc > `b loasta `b <800. Vb vb bc phb `b atra bsfrhta, `b Luousta Tal Dlstas, lfbrfl `bc khska nbfna. F.V.O. `b`hfö ta`l su vh`l l rbfaphclr, faesbrvlr, y `hiue`hr cl adrl `b Loustëe Dlrrhas, nlstl cl faeslorlfhöe `b cl khskl faka lcta vlcar `b cl ouhtlrrësthfl kue`hlc.
<804, 49 `b `hfhbkdrb. Plrmbtl `b Vafha Prlesbýetb `bc Fbetra Bsplüac `b Yhcclrrhfl. 49
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4?
<800, > `b loasta. –Lc Tudha Ohtlea `b cl Ouhtlrrl‛ , Luousta Tal Dlstas. Cl ibfnl, > `b loasta `b <800, fahefh`b fae cl `b cl kubrtb `b Loustëe Dlrrhas. Eukbrasas pabkls y bsfrhtas qub iubrae `b`hfl`as par Luousta Tal Dlstas l Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, sae tbsthkaeha `b cl lkhstl` qub cas uehö nlstl bc 4::2, lüa be qub ilccbfb @ae Luousta, olel`ar `bc Zrbkha Fbrvletbs.
<800, vhbrebs <: `b eavhbkdrb. @hlrha Bc Zlës . Bc bkhebetb kushföcaoa lrobethea Flrcas Ybol `hfb `b F.V.O= –su lpth- tu` pshfa-iëshfl plrl cl tèfehfl bs hesupbrldcb, houlc qub cl `b fulcquhbrl `b cas orle`bs ouhtlrrhstls ouhtlrrhstls `bc kue`a‛. <800. Iata pudchfl`l be bc `hlrha ldf facar be bc 4::4. Lsuefhöe. Zlrlouly. Yy‘l rlhty. 4>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
48
<800, > `b loasta. –Lc Tudha Ohtlea `b cl Ouhtlrrl‛ , Luousta Tal Dlstas. Cl ibfnl, > `b loasta `b <800, fahefh`b fae cl `b cl kubrtb `b Loustëe Dlrrhas. Eukbrasas pabkls y bsfrhtas qub iubrae `b`hfl`as par Luousta Tal Dlstas l Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, sae tbsthkaeha `b cl lkhstl` qub cas uehö nlstl bc 4::2, lüa be qub ilccbfb @ae Luousta, olel`ar `bc Zrbkha Fbrvletbs.
<800, vhbrebs <: `b eavhbkdrb. @hlrha Bc Zlës . Bc bkhebetb kushföcaoa lrobethea Flrcas Ybol `hfb `b F.V.O= –su lpth- tu` pshfa-iëshfl plrl cl tèfehfl bs hesupbrldcb, houlc qub cl `b fulcquhbrl `b cas orle`bs ouhtlrrhstls ouhtlrrhstls `bc kue`a‛. <800. Iata pudchfl`l be bc `hlrha ldf facar be bc 4::4. Lsuefhöe. Zlrlouly. Yy‘l rlhty. 4>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
48
<802, Dacbtas `b catbrël y `b dlclezls FAE IBFNL X ZBVA klrfle cl ccbol`l `b FVO l Dubeas Lhrbs, be bebra `b <802, `ae`b rbsh`hrël nlstl <820, lüas `urletb cas fulcbs elfbrële su nhma Letaeha Khoubc (Ds. Ls. , <802) y sus nhmls Ocl`ys Plehl Klrolrhtl Tlköe (Yhcclrrhfl,<80?) y Bchsl Faefbpfhöe (Ds.Ls., <82:).
6:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
6<
<802, Dacbtas `b catbrël y `b dlclezls FAE IBFNL X ZBVA klrfle cl ccbol`l `b FVO l Dubeas Lhrbs, be bebra `b <802, `ae`b rbsh`hrël nlstl <820, lüas `urletb cas fulcbs elfbrële su nhma Letaeha Khoubc (Ds. Ls. , <802) y sus nhmls Ocl`ys Plehl Klrolrhtl Tlköe (Yhcclrrhfl,<80?) y Bchsl Faefbpfhöe (Ds.Ls., <82:).
6:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
64
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
6<
F lya V hcl O a`ay
66
64
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
66
F.V.O. prbplrl bc rbpbrtarha `b ue Faefhbrta, fuh`le`a airbfbr vlrhb`l` `b bsthcas, lutarbs, oèebras, èpafls y elfhaelch`l`bs. Zub`b adsbrvlrsb uel fakpashfhöe `b F.V.O= Flprhfna .
<808, @urletb cas lüas vhvh`as be Ebfafnbl, Lrobethel, Vhcl Oa`ay fae su bspasl Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz, su nhma, Letaeha Khoubc y su nhml Ocl`ys Plehl K. T. 60
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
62
F.V.O. prbplrl bc rbpbrtarha `b ue Faefhbrta, fuh`le`a airbfbr vlrhb`l` `b bsthcas, lutarbs, oèebras, èpafls y elfhaelch`l`bs. Zub`b adsbrvlrsb uel fakpashfhöe `b F.V.O= Flprhfna .
<808, @urletb cas lüas vhvh`as be Ebfafnbl, Lrobethel, Vhcl Oa`ay fae su bspasl Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz, su nhma, Letaeha Khoubc y su nhml Ocl`ys Plehl K. T. 60
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<80?, 49 `b ibdrbra. F.V.O. prbplrl bc rbpbrtarha `b ue faefhbrta. Zub`be adsbrvlrsb, l`bkìs `b cls `b atras fakashtarbs, 0 fakpashfhaebs `b F.V.O. Flprhfna E˝<, Flefhöe Ëethkl, Arlfhöe l Plehl y Ihbstl Flkpbshel.
69
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
62
<80?, klrtbs ? `b aftudrb. @hlrha Bc Kue`a `b Dubeas Lhrbs. Leuefhl bc prhkbr faefhbrta `b F.V.O. be cl flphtlc lrobethel.
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
6?
<80?, 49 `b ibdrbra. F.V.O. prbplrl bc rbpbrtarha `b ue faefhbrta. Zub`be adsbrvlrsb, l`bkìs `b cls `b atras fakashtarbs, 0 fakpashfhaebs `b F.V.O. Flprhfna E˝<, Flefhöe Ëethkl, Arlfhöe l Plehl y Ihbstl Flkpbshel.
69
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
<80?, klrtbs ? `b aftudrb. @hlrha Bc Kue`a `b Dubeas Lhrbs. Leuefhl bc prhkbr faefhbrta `b F.V.O. be cl flphtlc lrobethel.
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
6?
Faefbptas bxtrlftl`as `b ue praorlkl pastbrhar, be bc fulc sb nlfb rbibrbefhl lc faefhbrta fuya faetbeh`a sb kubstrl be bstls `as pìohels. Zrbsbetö lc lrthstl cl praibsarl Faesubca Klcca Cöpbz, fae quhbe pbribffhaeö sus bstu`has `b ouhtlrrl.
Zraorlkl `b cl prhkbrl prbsbetlfhöe `b Vhcl Oa`ay be Dubeas Lhrbs.
<80?. Hcustrlfhöe be bc hetbrhar `bc Zraorlkl `b cl prhkbrl prbsbetlfhöe `b Vhcl Oa`ay be Dubeas Lhrbs. Tbtrlta `b _aci Dle`urbg.
6>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
68
Faefbptas bxtrlftl`as `b ue praorlkl pastbrhar, be bc fulc sb nlfb rbibrbefhl lc faefhbrta fuya faetbeh`a sb kubstrl be bstls `as pìohels. Zrbsbetö lc lrthstl cl praibsarl Faesubca Klcca Cöpbz, fae quhbe pbribffhaeö sus bstu`has `b ouhtlrrl.
Zraorlkl `b cl prhkbrl prbsbetlfhöe `b Vhcl Oa`ay be Dubeas Lhrbs.
<80?. Hcustrlfhöe be bc hetbrhar `bc Zraorlkl `b cl prhkbrl prbsbetlfhöe `b Vhcl Oa`ay be Dubeas Lhrbs. Tbtrlta `b _aci Dle`urbg.
6>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
68
Lfnb `hsbül`a y rblchzl`a par
Ley Ronbcch y prbsbetl`a par Bchsl Oa`ay be cl Hetbrelthaelcb Irlube Rehvbrshtàt faka plrtb `b Bxpa Nleeavbr 4:::, Lcbklehl. Faethbeb uel faphl `bc rbtrlta `b Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz rblchzl`a par bc phetar lrobethea Chdbr Irh`kle, ue pabkl y uel rbsbül dhaorìfl be heocès, nbfnls par Bchsl.
<80>, ? `b loasta. Kaetbvh`ba
0:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
0<
Lfnb `hsbül`a y rblchzl`a par
Ley Ronbcch y prbsbetl`a par Bchsl Oa`ay be cl Hetbrelthaelcb Irlube Rehvbrshtàt faka plrtb `b Bxpa Nleeavbr 4:::, Lcbklehl. Faethbeb uel faphl `bc rbtrlta `b Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz rblchzl`a par bc phetar lrobethea Chdbr Irh`kle, ue pabkl y uel rbsbül dhaorìfl be heocès, nbfnls par Bchsl.
<80>, ? `b loasta. Kaetbvh`ba
0:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
0<
<84<. Eakdrlkhbeta `b @ae Eldar Ìcvlrbz `b Flstra, fhu`l`lea bsplüac `b Oakbsbe`b, Arbesb, faka Yhfb Faesuc `b Bsplül be Yhcclrrhfl. Iub iue`l`ar y prbsh`betb `bc Fbetra Bsplüac `b Yhcclrrhfl, brl ldubca `b Tlkael Ìcvlrbz, bspasl `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay. Iub eakdrl`a par bc Tby Lciaesa ^HHH, ldubca `bc Tby Mule Flrcas lftulc kaelrfl bsplüac.
@arsa `b cl iata qub sb adsbrvl kìs ldlma.
<>>2. Zlrth`l `b Dluthska `b Yhfbetb Masè Ìcvlrbz, `b Dle`b, Arbesb,
Olchfhl, Bsplül, pl`rb `b Tlkael Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs `b Oa`ay.
Iata ilkhchlr= Kleubcl Ta`rëoubz Klrtëebz, Yhfbetb Masè Ìcvlrbz Ta`rëoubz (dbdè be drlzas) y Eldar Ìcvlrbz `b Flstra.
<844. Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz `b Oa`ay, (l cl `brbfnl, fae kaüa be cl fldbzl) su nbrklel Bcdl y su nbrklea Mucha Eldar Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs. Khochl, Irh`l y Bcdl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs
04
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<89:. Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz 06
<84<. Eakdrlkhbeta `b @ae Eldar Ìcvlrbz `b Flstra, fhu`l`lea bsplüac `b Oakbsbe`b, Arbesb, faka Yhfb Faesuc `b Bsplül be Yhcclrrhfl. Iub iue`l`ar y prbsh`betb `bc Fbetra Bsplüac `b Yhcclrrhfl, brl ldubca `b Tlkael Ìcvlrbz, bspasl `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay. Iub eakdrl`a par bc Tby Lciaesa ^HHH, ldubca `bc Tby Mule Flrcas lftulc kaelrfl bsplüac.
@arsa `b cl iata qub sb adsbrvl kìs ldlma.
<>>2. Zlrth`l `b Dluthska `b Yhfbetb Masè Ìcvlrbz, `b Dle`b, Arbesb,
Olchfhl, Bsplül, pl`rb `b Tlkael Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs `b Oa`ay.
Iata ilkhchlr= Kleubcl Ta`rëoubz Klrtëebz, Yhfbetb Masè Ìcvlrbz Ta`rëoubz (dbdè be drlzas) y Eldar Ìcvlrbz `b Flstra.
<844. Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz `b Oa`ay, (l cl `brbfnl, fae kaüa be cl fldbzl) su nbrklel Bcdl y su nbrklea Mucha Eldar Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs. Khochl, Irh`l y Bcdl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs
04
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<89:. Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz 06
<80>, klrtbs <: `b loasta. Kaetbvh`ba. Fbetra Ouhtlrrësthfa `bc Rruouly
<80>, cuebs <: `b loasta. @hlrha Cl Zrbesl , Dubeas Lhrbs. Fakbetlrha `bc Faefhbrta `b F.V.O. be bc Vlcöe Cl Lrobethel , airbfh`a par Lkhoas `b cl Ouhtlrrl.
00
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
02
<80>, klrtbs <: `b loasta. Kaetbvh`ba. Fbetra Ouhtlrrësthfa `bc Rruouly
<80>, cuebs <: `b loasta. @hlrha Cl Zrbesl , Dubeas Lhrbs. Fakbetlrha `bc Faefhbrta `b F.V.O. be bc Vlcöe Cl Lrobethel , airbfh`a par Lkhoas `b cl Ouhtlrrl.
00
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
02
<80>, sìdl`a <0 `b loasta. Faefhbrta be Vlcöe Cl Lrobethel. F.V.O. uthchzö `urletb kufnas lüas cl ouhtlrrl Flklfna `bc Cutnhbr lrobethea Ta`acia Flklfna Yhbrl, fuya lvhsa pudchfhtlrha sb lprbfhl be bc Zraorlkl.
<80>. Iarkl pbfuchlr be qub sb lfastukdrldl l pudchflr cl eökhel `b Zraibshaelcbs `b cl Ouhtlrrl be cas praorlkls.
09
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
0?
<80>, sìdl`a <0 `b loasta. Faefhbrta be Vlcöe Cl Lrobethel. F.V.O. uthchzö `urletb kufnas lüas cl ouhtlrrl Flklfna `bc Cutnhbr lrobethea Ta`acia Flklfna Yhbrl, fuya lvhsa pudchfhtlrha sb lprbfhl be bc Zraorlkl.
<80>. Iarkl pbfuchlr be qub sb lfastukdrldl l pudchflr cl eökhel `b Zraibshaelcbs `b cl Ouhtlrrl be cas praorlkls.
09
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
0?
Be bc Zraorlkl, fakpashfhaebs `b Vhcl Oa`ay= Flprhfna, Arlfhöe l Mlel Vbebsfn, Ylrhlfhaebs sadrb cl Yh`lchtl `b Vheöpach. –Ea sbrì pbrkhth`a bc lffbsa l cl slcl `urletb cl bmbfufhöe `b cls adrls‛ .
<808. Ebfafnbl, Lrobethel. 0>
F lya V hcl O a`ay
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
08
Be bc Zraorlkl, fakpashfhaebs `b Vhcl Oa`ay= Flprhfna, Arlfhöe l Mlel Vbebsfn, Ylrhlfhaebs sadrb cl Yh`lchtl `b Vheöpach. –Ea sbrì pbrkhth`a bc lffbsa l cl slcl `urletb cl bmbfufhöe `b cls adrls‛ .
<808. Ebfafnbl, Lrobethel. 0>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
08
F lya V hcl O a`ay
2<
Be bc Zraorlkl, Nldlebrl y Zacfl , `b Vhcl Oa`ay. Bc lrrboca `b He`hl , `b M. L. Icarbs, rblchzl`a par Flya Vhcl Oa`ay. 2:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
Be bc Zraorlkl, Nldlebrl y Zacfl , `b Vhcl Oa`ay. Bc lrrboca `b He`hl , `b M. L. Icarbs, rblchzl`a par Flya Vhcl Oa`ay. 2:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
2<
F lya V hcl O a`ay
26
Kltbrhlc pudchfhtlrha, ful`rëpthfa `bspcboldcb.
24
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
Kltbrhlc pudchfhtlrha, ful`rëpthfa `bspcboldcb.
24
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
26
<82: l <828 Ilfsëkhc `bc kleusfrhta `b Vhcl Oa`ay, `b cl flefhöe fuyas vbrsas sae `b Luousta Tal Dlstas y kýshfl `b F.V.O.
20
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
22
<82: l <828 Ilfsëkhc `bc kleusfrhta `b Vhcl Oa`ay, `b cl flefhöe fuyas vbrsas sae `b Luousta Tal Dlstas y kýshfl `b F.V.O.
20
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
22
Be bc Zraorlkl, `b F.V.O., Ihbstl Flkpbshel y Pac`brëls , lrrboca `b Facarl`a (Zacfl kathva papuclr).
<82<, khbrfacbs 4> `b ibdrbra. Pbltra Kuehfhplc `b Lsuefhöe. Yhftarhl Lcilra, nhml `bc lrquhtbfta Khoubc Ìeobc Lcilra
<82:. Faefhbrta rblchzl`a be bc Orle Fheb Pbltra Yh ftarhl, Ac hvl bsq. Fnhcb, L suefhöe.
29
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
2?
Be bc Zraorlkl, `b F.V.O., Ihbstl Flkpbshel y Pac`brëls , lrrboca `b Facarl`a (Zacfl kathva papuclr).
<82<, khbrfacbs 4> `b ibdrbra. Pbltra Kuehfhplc `b Lsuefhöe. Yhftarhl Lcilra, nhml `bc lrquhtbfta Khoubc Ìeobc Lcilra
<82:. Faefhbrta rblchzl`a be bc Orle Fheb Pbltra Yh ftarhl, Ac hvl bsq. Fnhcb, L suefhöe.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
29
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
2?
Cls rkls y cls plcldrls kubstrle cl
rbuehöe `b lrthstls qub fbcbdrle cls hetbrprbtlfhaebs `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay fae cl ouhtlrrl faestruh`l par bc cutnhbr lrobethea Ta`acia Flklfna Yhbrl, quhbe plrthfhpl `b cl rbuehöe. Lcouhbe bsfrhdb7 – Eas nbkas rbueh`a nay lcoueas `b cas kufnlfnas qub sldbe quhbe bs Oa`ay y sldbe quhbe bs Flklfna ‛.
Flya Vhcl Oa`ay y su bspasl.
2>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
28
Cls rkls y cls plcldrls kubstrle cl
rbuehöe `b lrthstls qub fbcbdrle cls hetbrprbtlfhaebs `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay fae cl ouhtlrrl faestruh`l par bc cutnhbr lrobethea Ta`acia Flklfna Yhbrl, quhbe plrthfhpl `b cl rbuehöe. Lcouhbe bsfrhdb7 – Eas nbkas rbueh`a nay lcoueas `b cas kufnlfnas qub sldbe quhbe bs Oa`ay y sldbe quhbe bs Flklfna ‛.
Flya Vhcl Oa`ay y su bspasl.
2>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<860, Dubeas Lhrbs. Bc klbstra bsplüac Le`rès Vboavhl faesh`brl –bc kbmar hestrukbeta `b fuletas nle plsl`a par khs kleas‛ , l cl ouhtlrrl `bc cutnhbr lrobethea Ta`acia Flklfna Yhbrl. Èstb, l su vbz, cl adsbquhl l F.V.O. fae uel `b`hfltarhl bc <4 `b eavhbkdrb `b <82<.
Zrbsbetlfhöe `b cl ouhtlrrl faestruh`l fae flml `b rbsaelefhl `b uel sacl phbzl, (lras y iae`a), `b lcukheha lea`hzl`a, hevbeta `bc Vr. @haehsha Orlfhl, hetborletb `b cl rkl Lethoul Flsl Eýübz . 9:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
28
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
9<
<860, Dubeas Lhrbs. Bc klbstra bsplüac Le`rès Vboavhl faesh`brl –bc kbmar hestrukbeta `b fuletas nle plsl`a par khs kleas‛ , l cl ouhtlrrl `bc cutnhbr lrobethea Ta`acia Flklfna Yhbrl. Èstb, l su vbz, cl adsbquhl l F.V.O. fae uel `b`hfltarhl bc <4 `b eavhbkdrb `b <82<.
Zrbsbetlfhöe `b cl ouhtlrrl faestruh`l fae flml `b rbsaelefhl `b uel sacl phbzl, (lras y iae`a), `b lcukheha lea`hzl`a, hevbeta `bc Vr. @haehsha Orlfhl, hetborletb `b cl rkl Lethoul Flsl Eýübz . 9:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
9<
<824. Dubeas Lhrbs.
Bstb lfnb farrbspae`b lc lüa <826. Adsèrvbesb lutarbs hetbrprbtl`as y kbefhöe `b cl ouhtlrrl FLKLFNA uthchzl`l. 94
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
96
<824. Dubeas Lhrbs.
Bstb lfnb farrbspae`b lc lüa <826. Adsèrvbesb lutarbs hetbrprbtl`as y kbefhöe `b cl ouhtlrrl FLKLFNA uthchzl`l. 94
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
96
<826, mubvbs 48 `b aftudrb. Dubeas Lhrbs. Pbltra BETH\RB VLEPAV @HVFÈZACA.
<826, `akheoa 40 `b klya. Cl Prhduel , Lsuefhöe. Zraorlkl`l ohrl `b F.V.O. y L. Tal Dlstas be dusfl `b cl adrl lrtësthfl `b L. Dlrrhas, `hspbrsl par Lkèrhfl.
IL TB KH. Lüa <, Eýkbra 0. Bmbkpclr bxtrlar`helrha she lvhsas fakbrfhlcbs <826. @urletb uel drbvb vhshtl l Lsuefhöe, F.V.O. airbfb ue Faefhbrta be bc Pbltra Kuehfhplc. Lshstbe lutarh`l`bs elfhaelcbs. 90
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
92
<826, mubvbs 48 `b aftudrb. Dubeas Lhrbs. Pbltra BETH\RB VLEPAV @HVFÈZACA.
<826, `akheoa 40 `b klya. Cl Prhduel , Lsuefhöe. Zraorlkl`l ohrl `b F.V.O. y L. Tal Dlstas be dusfl `b cl adrl lrtësthfl `b L. Dlrrhas, `hspbrsl par Lkèrhfl.
IL TB KH. Lüa <, Eýkbra 0. Bmbkpclr bxtrlar`helrha she lvhsas fakbrfhlcbs <826. @urletb uel drbvb vhshtl l Lsuefhöe, F.V.O. airbfb ue Faefhbrta be bc Pbltra Kuehfhplc. Lshstbe lutarh`l`bs elfhaelcbs. Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
90
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
92
<820, vhbrebs <8 `b ibdrbra. @hlrha Bc @ël , Kaetbvh`ba.
<820, ibdrbra. (@hlrha ea h`bethfl`a).
<820, 4? `b ibdrbra, Kaetbvh`ba. Kaetbvh`ba. Tl`ha Vlrle`ë. Cl `b`hfltarhl bxprbsl –Zlrl kh qubrh`l nhml Bchshtl Oa`ay fae orle flrhüa `b su plphta‛.
Vlethloa `b Fnhcb.
99
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
9?
<820, vhbrebs <8 `b ibdrbra. @hlrha Bc @ël , Kaetbvh`ba.
<820, ibdrbra. (@hlrha ea h`bethfl`a).
<820, 4? `b ibdrbra, Kaetbvh`ba. Kaetbvh`ba. Tl`ha Vlrle`ë. Cl `b`hfltarhl bxprbsl –Zlrl kh qubrh`l nhml Bchshtl Oa`ay fae orle flrhüa `b su plphta‛.
Vlethloa `b Fnhcb.
99
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
9?
Iata arhohelc, F.V.O. y Tlkaehtl
<820, loasta. F.V.O. y su bspasl, Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz `b Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz `b Oa`ay ccbole l Bc Vlcvl`ar.
<822, 2 `b mueha. Lsuefhöe. Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz `b Oa`ay, rbleu`l cas bstu`has `b A`aetacaoël, hetbrrukph`as `bs`b <802 y qub fuckhelrël be <828, adtbehbe`a bc tëtuca `b @aftarl be A`aetacaoël.
<828. Tlkael Ìcvlrbz `b Oa`ay fae fakplübrls y fakplübras `b Zrakafhöe, Ilfuctl` `b A`aetacaoël, REL. 9>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
98
Iata arhohelc, F.V.O. y Tlkaehtl
<820, loasta. F.V.O. y su bspasl, Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz `b Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz `b Oa`ay ccbole l Bc Vlcvl`ar.
<822, 2 `b mueha. Lsuefhöe. Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz `b Oa`ay, rbleu`l cas bstu`has `b A`aetacaoël, hetbrrukph`as `bs`b <802 y qub fuckhelrël be <828, adtbehbe`a bc tëtuca `b @aftarl be A`aetacaoël.
<828. Tlkael Ìcvlrbz `b Oa`ay fae fakplübrls y fakplübras `b Zrakafhöe, Ilfuctl` `b A`aetacaoël, REL. 9>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
98
@b`hfltarhl `b Hsldbc Vlrch –Zlrl të, kh orle lkhoa Vhcl, par ta`l cl dbccbzl qub befhbrrl tu lckl y tu ouhtlrrl‛.
<82?, sìdl`a <9 `b ibdrbra. @hlrha Zltrhl , Lsuefhöe. Hetbrprbtlfhae bs `b Vhcl shrvbe `b iae`a kushflc `b cl pbcëfucl lrobethel –Cl ehül `b iuboa‛ .
<82?, 44, 46 y 40 `b ibdrbra. Faefhbrtas be Narqubtl y Faefbpfhöe, Zlrlouly. Adsèrvbsb Xkloulrb , `b F.V.O.
Ouhtlrrl Flklfna. Lrrbocas `b Vhcl Oa`ay `b cls adrls Fnacë b He`hl `b M. L. Icarbs ?:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
?<
@b`hfltarhl `b Hsldbc Vlrch –Zlrl të, kh orle lkhoa Vhcl, par ta`l cl dbccbzl qub befhbrrl tu lckl y tu ouhtlrrl‛.
<82?, sìdl`a <9 `b ibdrbra. @hlrha Zltrhl , Lsuefhöe. Hetbrprbtlfhae bs `b Vhcl shrvbe `b iae`a kushflc `b cl pbcëfucl lrobethel –Cl ehül `b iuboa‛ .
<82?, 44, 46 y 40 `b ibdrbra. Faefhbrtas be Narqubtl y Faefbpfhöe, Zlrlouly. Adsèrvbsb Xkloulrb , `b F.V.O.
Ouhtlrrl Flklfna. Lrrbocas `b Vhcl Oa`ay `b cls adrls Fnacë b He`hl `b M. L. Icarbs ?:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
?<
<828, mucha ?. Flrtl `b `ae Masè Letaeha `b Rrdhel, beflrol`a `b Eboafhas `b Bsplül, lc @r. M. Dbrelr`hea Oarasthlol, Khehstra `b B`uflfhöe y Fucta, be qub fakuehfl Adtbefhöe `b uel Dbfl par F.V.O., – uel `b cls <4 pclzls faefb`h`ls plrl ta`a bc kue`a be faefursa betrb <:: fle`h`ltas‛.
<828, vhbrebs ? `b loasta. Nle plsl`a <2 lüas `bs`b cl kubrtb `b Loustëe Dlrrhas. Lfta `b Kbkarlfhöe. ZBE Fcud `bc Zlrlouly
<828, 6: `b mueha. Flrtl `b `ae Masè Letaeha `b Rrdhel, Beflrol`a `b Eboafhas `b Bsplül, be cl qub fakuehfl l F.V.O. qub cb nl sh`a faefb`h`l cl Dbfl –Kýshfl be Fakpastbcl‛.
?4
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
?6
<828, mucha ?. Flrtl `b `ae Masè Letaeha `b Rrdhel, beflrol`a `b Eboafhas `b Bsplül, lc @r. M. Dbrelr`hea Oarasthlol, Khehstra `b B`uflfhöe y Fucta, be qub fakuehfl Adtbefhöe `b uel Dbfl par F.V.O., – uel `b cls <4 pclzls faefb`h`ls plrl ta`a bc kue`a be faefursa betrb <:: fle`h`ltas‛.
<828, vhbrebs ? `b loasta. Nle plsl`a <2 lüas `bs`b cl kubrtb `b Loustëe Dlrrhas. Lfta `b Kbkarlfhöe. ZBE Fcud `bc Zlrlouly
<828, 6: `b mueha. Flrtl `b `ae Masè Letaeha `b Rrdhel, Beflrol`a `b Eboafhas `b Bsplül, be cl qub fakuehfl l F.V.O. qub cb nl sh`a faefb`h`l cl Dbfl –Kýshfl be Fakpastbcl‛.
?4
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
?6
<828, <6 `b `hfhbkdrb. Faefhbrta be bc Ltb- eba Fhbetëfa y Chtbrlrha, prbsbetl`a par cl Vafhb`l` Ouhtlrrësthfl Kl`rhcbül. Zraorlkl `bslrraccl`a be bc kbefhael`a Faefhbrta.
<828, vhbrebs <6 `b eavhbkdrb. @hlrha Cls Zravhefhls , Ylcbefhl, Bsplül. Aphehöe `b B.C. Fnlvlrrh. sadrb bc Faefhbrta airbfh`a par F.V.O. be bsl fhu`l` bsplüacl, bc mubvbs <4 `b eavhbkdrb `b <828. Zrbsbetl`a par Lkhoas `b cl Ouhtlrrl, Ylcbefhl.
<828, 4 `b ldrhc. Flrtl `bc @r. Muchus Daros - Klfhbmbwsgh, Bkdlml`ar `b Lcbklehl be Lsuefhöe.
?0
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
?2
<828, <6 `b `hfhbkdrb. Faefhbrta be bc Ltb- eba Fhbetëfa y Chtbrlrha, prbsbetl`a par cl Vafhb`l` Ouhtlrrësthfl Kl`rhcbül. Zraorlkl `bslrraccl`a be bc kbefhael`a Faefhbrta.
<828, vhbrebs <6 `b eavhbkdrb. @hlrha Cls Zravhefhls , Ylcbefhl, Bsplül. Aphehöe `b B.C. Fnlvlrrh. sadrb bc Faefhbrta airbfh`a par F.V.O. be bsl fhu`l` bsplüacl, bc mubvbs <4 `b eavhbkdrb `b <828. Zrbsbetl`a par Lkhoas `b cl Ouhtlrrl, Ylcbefhl.
<828, 4 `b ldrhc. Flrtl `bc @r. Muchus Daros - Klfhbmbwsgh, Bkdlml`ar `b Lcbklehl be Lsuefhöe.
?0
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
?2
<828, mubvbs <4 `b eavhbkdrb. Faefhbrta airbfh`a par F.V.O. be Ylcbefhl, Bsplül, prbsbetl`a par Lkhoas `b cl Ouhtlrrl , Ylcbefhl.
<828, `akheoa <6 `b sbpthbkdrb. @hlrha Bc Farrba Olccboa . Vb pudchfl ue bsfrhta `b F.V.O., dbflrha plrloulya, sadrb su klbstra, Le`rès Vboavhl.
<828, Iata irbetb l cl Fltb`rlc `b Vlethloa `b Fakpastbcl, Bsplül, fae bc Klbstra Le`rès Vboavhl y lcukeas. Vhcl Oa`ay sbxta `bs`b dar`b hzquhbr`a, sboue`a bsflcöe. ?9
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
??
<828, mubvbs <4 `b eavhbkdrb. Faefhbrta airbfh`a par F.V.O. be Ylcbefhl, Bsplül, prbsbetl`a par Lkhoas `b cl Ouhtlrrl , Ylcbefhl.
<828, `akheoa <6 `b sbpthbkdrb. @hlrha Bc Farrba Olccboa . Vb pudchfl ue bsfrhta `b F.V.O., dbflrha plrloulya, sadrb su klbstra, Le`rès Vboavhl.
<828, Iata irbetb l cl Fltb`rlc `b Vlethloa `b Fakpastbcl, Bsplül, fae bc Klbstra Le`rès Vboavhl y lcukeas. Vhcl Oa`ay sbxta `bs`b dar`b hzquhbr`a, sboue`a bsflcöe. Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
?9
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
??
Bc pabtl nlhthlea Zhbrrb Karlvhln Karpblu, lkhoa `b cl ilkhchl.
<89: l <898 Vhcl Oa`ay airbfb ue Faefhbrta lc lhrb chdrb.
?>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
?8
Bc pabtl nlhthlea Zhbrrb Karlvhln Karpblu, lkhoa `b cl ilkhchl.
<89: l <898 Vhcl Oa`ay airbfb ue Faefhbrta lc lhrb chdrb.
?>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
?8
Bkhchl Ìcvlrbz bmbrfhö cl `afbefhl `urletb 2? lüas be bc Facboha Lcbkìe, cuboa cclkl`a `b Oabtnb. Iub fae`bfarl`l par bc Oadhbrea Lcbkìe. Brl tël `b Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz `b Oa`ay.
<89<, aftudrb. Faekbkarlfhöe `bc Vbsquhfbetbelrha `b cl He`bpbe`befhl Elfhaelc. Zubstl be Bsfbel `b –Lqubc <><<‛. Kýshfl `b Vhcl Oa`ay.
@r. Mucha Fbslr Prafnb, F.V.O. y Nuoa Ta`rëoubz Lcflcì.
>:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
><
Bkhchl Ìcvlrbz bmbrfhö cl `afbefhl `urletb 2? lüas be bc Facboha Lcbkìe, cuboa cclkl`a `b Oabtnb. Iub fae`bfarl`l par bc Oadhbrea Lcbkìe. Brl tël `b Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz `b Oa`ay.
<89<, aftudrb. Faekbkarlfhöe `bc Vbsquhfbetbelrha `b cl He`bpbe`befhl Elfhaelc. Zubstl be Bsfbel `b –Lqubc <><<‛. Kýshfl `b Vhcl Oa`ay.
@r. Mucha Fbslr Prafnb, F.V.O. y Nuoa Ta`rëoubz Lcflcì.
>:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
><
<896, vhbrebs <2 `b ibdrbra. Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea.
<890, bebra. Ouël `bc Tl`haybetb –Vhcl Oa`ay be cas Bstl`as Reh`as‛ , aftudrb l `hfhbkdrb `b <896.
<894, klrtbs 40 `b mucha. Fheb Pbltra Oulrleë. Faefhbrta `b @bspb`h`l.
<896. Zloa rblchzl`a l Tl`ha Üle`utë par bsplfha rl`hlc plrl fhefa faefhbrtas, cas `ëls 44 y 48 `b bebra y 2 ,<4 y <8 `b ibdrbra `b <896 l cls 44=:0 ns.
<890, 8 `b ldrhc. @b`hfltarhl `b Vhcl l Bchsl. >4
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
>6
<896, vhbrebs <2 `b ibdrbra. Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea.
<890, bebra. Ouël `bc Tl`haybetb –Vhcl Oa`ay be cas Bstl`as Reh`as‛ , aftudrb l `hfhbkdrb `b <896.
<894, klrtbs 40 `b mucha. Fheb Pbltra Oulrleë. Faefhbrta `b @bspb`h`l.
<896. Zloa rblchzl`a l Tl`ha Üle`utë par bsplfha rl`hlc plrl fhefa faefhbrtas, cas `ëls 44 y 48 `b bebra y 2 ,<4 y <8 `b ibdrbra `b <896 l cls 44=:0 ns.
<890, 8 `b ldrhc. @b`hfltarhl `b Vhcl l Bchsl. >4
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
>6
<892 y <899. Kèxhfa, AZHF, Arolehska `b Zrakafhöe Hetbrelfhaelc `b Fucturl, arolehzl `as orle`bs Ohrls Elfhaelcbs be Kèxhfa. Zrhkbrl btlpl= sbpthbkdrb, aftudrb y eavhbkdrb `b <892. Vboue`l btlpl= klrza l loasta `b <899.
<892, 40 `b sbpthbkdrb. Kèxhfa. Zraorlkl fae `b`hfltarhl `b Vhcl l ta`l cl ilkhchl. Iata be bc Bstu`ha `b Vapnafcbs Zlpls, be _lsnheotae, @.F.
>0
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
>2
<892 y <899. Kèxhfa, AZHF, Arolehska `b Zrakafhöe Hetbrelfhaelc `b Fucturl, arolehzl `as orle`bs Ohrls Elfhaelcbs be Kèxhfa. Zrhkbrl btlpl= sbpthbkdrb, aftudrb y eavhbkdrb `b <892. Vboue`l btlpl= klrza l loasta `b <899.
<892, 40 `b sbpthbkdrb. Kèxhfa. Zraorlkl fae `b`hfltarhl `b Vhcl l ta`l cl ilkhchl. Iata be bc Bstu`ha `b Vapnafcbs Zlpls, be _lsnheotae, @.F.
>0
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
>2
<892,<899. Kèxhfa. Faefhbrtas be Flsl `b cl Zlz.
<892. Flsl `b cl Zlz. Kèxhfa.
>9
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
>?
<892,<899. Kèxhfa. Faefhbrtas be Flsl `b cl Zlz.
<892. Flsl `b cl Zlz. Kèxhfa.
>9
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
>?
<899, klrtbs 2 `b ldrhc. Oultbklcl. Zraorlkl `bc Faefhbrta drhe`l`a be bc Faesbrvltarha Elfhaelc `b bsl fhu`l`.
<899. Oultbklcl. Bsfrhta `bc @r. Dlföe @ulrtb Zrl`a, hetbcbftulc plrloulya, hetèrprbtb `b vhacëe, prbsbetle`a lc faefbrthstl Flya Vhcl Oa`ay. >>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
@r. Dlföe @ulrtb Zrl`a, sboue`a, `b hzquhbr`l l `brbfnl.
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
>8
<899, klrtbs 2 `b ldrhc. Oultbklcl. Zraorlkl `bc Faefhbrta drhe`l`a be bc Faesbrvltarha Elfhaelc `b bsl fhu`l`.
<899. Oultbklcl. Bsfrhta `bc @r. Dlföe @ulrtb Zrl`a, hetbcbftulc plrloulya, hetèrprbtb `b vhacëe, prbsbetle`a lc faefbrthstl Flya Vhcl Oa`ay. >>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
@r. Dlföe @ulrtb Zrl`a, sboue`a, `b hzquhbr`l l `brbfnl.
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
>8
<898, sìdl`a <6 y mubvbs <> `b sbpthbkdrb. Lsuefhöe. Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea.
<89?, sìdl`a 4: `b klya. Lsuefhöe. Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea. <89>, vhbrebs 4? y sìdl`a 4>. Lsuefhöe. Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea. Bc Zraorlkl l sbr prbsbetl`a ourl be cl olfbthccl.
<898, sìdl`a <6 `b Vbpthbkdrb, @hlrha ldf facar , FVO Airbfbrì Bstl Eafnb Faefhbrta `b Ouhtlrrl. Flrhflturl `b Nèftar Flsthccl Lrluma, lc cl`a sb leuefhl bc Fhfca `b Kýshfl Rehvbrshtlrhl be fuyl arolehzlfhöe plrthfhplrl cl lutarl `b bstb chdra, Bchsl F. Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz. 8:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
Flya Vhcl Oa`ay y su bspasl, Tlkaehtl Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs.
8<
<898, sìdl`a <6 y mubvbs <> `b sbpthbkdrb. Lsuefhöe. Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea.
<89?, sìdl`a 4: `b klya. Lsuefhöe. Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea. <89>, vhbrebs 4? y sìdl`a 4>. Lsuefhöe. Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea. Bc Zraorlkl l sbr prbsbetl`a ourl be cl olfbthccl.
<898, sìdl`a <6 `b Vbpthbkdrb, @hlrha ldf facar , FVO Airbfbrì Bstl Eafnb Faefhbrta `b Ouhtlrrl. Flrhflturl `b Nèftar Flsthccl Lrluma, lc cl`a sb leuefhl bc Fhfca `b Kýshfl Rehvbrshtlrhl be fuyl arolehzlfhöe plrthfhplrl cl lutarl `b bstb chdra, Bchsl F. Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz. 8:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
Flya Vhcl Oa`ay y su bspasl, Tlkaehtl Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs.
8<
<8?: l <8?8 <898, vhbrebs <4 `b `hfhbkdrb. Lsuefhöe. Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea. Faefhbrta `b ouhtlrrl, Flya Vhcl Oa`ay y dlclclhgl, _lcclfb Gbh`brcheo, quhbe sb `bsbkpbüldl faka @hrbftar `bc Fbetra kbefhael`a. @bs`b bsb betaefbs, uel `b cls slcls `bc FFZL ccbvl bc eakdrb `b Olcbrël Loustëe Dlrrhas.
<8?:, khèrfacbs 6 `b mueha, Lsuefhöe. Leuefha `b prbsbetlfhaebs be Kaetbvh`ba y Dubeas Lhrbs. Faefhbrta lusphfhl`a par cl Vafhb`l` Ouhtlrrësthfl `b Kaetbvh`ba, be bc tbltra Ybr`h7 be ue flelc `b Pbcbvhshöe y be cl Flsl Zlrloul- yl `b Dubeas Lhrbs. 84
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
86
<8?: l <8?8 <898, vhbrebs <4 `b `hfhbkdrb. Lsuefhöe. Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea. Faefhbrta `b ouhtlrrl, Flya Vhcl Oa`ay y dlclclhgl, _lcclfb Gbh`brcheo, quhbe sb `bsbkpbüldl faka @hrbftar `bc Fbetra kbefhael`a. @bs`b bsb betaefbs, uel `b cls slcls `bc FFZL ccbvl bc eakdrb `b Olcbrël Loustëe Dlrrhas.
<8?:, khèrfacbs 6 `b mueha, Lsuefhöe. Leuefha `b prbsbetlfhaebs be Kaetbvh`ba y Dubeas Lhrbs. Faefhbrta lusphfhl`a par cl Vafhb`l` Ouhtlrrësthfl `b Kaetbvh`ba, be bc tbltra Ybr`h7 be ue flelc `b Pbcbvhshöe y be cl Flsl Zlrloul- yl `b Dubeas Lhrbs. 84
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
86
<8?:, 6< `b loasta.Taeabc Vhkabs, drlshcbüa, facbffhaehstl `b `hsfas `b ouhtlrrl, kbefhael –orldl- `as par R`., tbeoa bstas `hsfas...‛ Vb rbbrb l cas
`hsfas orldl`as par Vhcl, be Dubeas Lhrbs, be bc sbcca Zlkpl.
<8?<, klrtbs `b loasta. @hlrha ldf facar , Lsuefhöe. <> Faefhbrtas be <2 `ëls be Dachvhl, Zbrý y Bful`ar.
80
<8?<, 6: `b sbpthbkdrb. @bs`b Vle Vlcvl`ar, flphtlc `b Bc Vlcvl`ar, Vhcl bsfrhdb l su nhml, fae ue shkpìthfa fakbetlrha sadrb sh khska. Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
82
<8?:, 6< `b loasta.Taeabc Vhkabs, drlshcbüa, facbffhaehstl `b `hsfas `b ouhtlrrl, kbefhael –orldl- `as par R`., tbeoa bstas `hsfas...‛ Vb rbbrb l cas
`hsfas orldl`as par Vhcl, be Dubeas Lhrbs, be bc sbcca Zlkpl.
<8?<, klrtbs `b loasta. @hlrha ldf facar , Lsuefhöe. <> Faefhbrtas be <2 `ëls be Dachvhl, Zbrý y Bful`ar.
<8?<, 6: `b sbpthbkdrb. @bs`b Vle Vlcvl`ar, flphtlc `b Bc Vlcvl`ar, Vhcl bsfrhdb l su nhml, fae ue shkpìthfa fakbetlrha sadrb sh khska. Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
80
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
82
F lya V hcl O a`ay
8?
<8?:. 40, 42, 49, 4?, 4> y 48 `b eavhbkdrb. Lu`htörhuk Lkèrhfl. Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea. Lsuefhöe. Be bstas praorlkls ea ourl bc lüa, pbra,
kb`hletb ue rbpartl mb `bc < `b eavhbkdrb `b <8?:, bc khska iub `btbrkhel`a faka `b bsb lüa.
89
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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<8?:. 40, 42, 49, 4?, 4> y 48 `b eavhbkdrb. Lu`htörhuk Lkèrhfl. Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea. Lsuefhöe. Be bstas praorlkls ea ourl bc lüa, pbra,
kb`hletb ue rbpartl mb `bc < `b eavhbkdrb `b <8?:, bc khska iub `btbrkhel`a faka `b bsb lüa.
89
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
8?
<8?4, sìdl`a 40 `b mueha. @bs`b cl fhu`l` `b Oultbklcl bsfrhdb Vhcl l su nhml. (Kufnls vbfbs supchkas, fae uel rbibrbefhl l uel flrtl, cl lusbefhl `b atrl heiarklfhöe, plrl fakpcbtlr cl trlybftarhl `bc lrthstl). Vhcl rbsh`hö y trldlmö be plësbs fbetralkbrhfleas fbetralkbrhfleas be vlrhls apartueh`l`bs y `èfl`ls `hibrbetbs.
<8?6, mubvbs `b klya. Bc Vlcvl`ar. Bc subcta pbrha`ësthfa fakbetl –cl besbülezl qub `bmö be sus sus afna Faefhbrtas be eubstra praorlkl `b P.Y (….) shtýle l Vhcl Oa`ay faka l ue vbr`l`bra nbrklea `b sleorb y bspërhtu `b cas fbetra- lkbrhfleas qub thbebe par bstb orle VBÜAT @B CL ORHPLTTL ue vbr`l`bra lprbfha y flrhüa par cl hekbe- sl lfthvh`l` kushflc `bspcbol`l fae tletl klbstrël y ldebol- fhöe‛. –Bc praorlkl ldlrfl adrls `bs`b bc elc `bc shoca ^YHH nlstl bc elc `bc shoca ^YHHH.‛
8>
<8?6, ldrhc y klya. Bc Vlcvl`ar. Fbetra Bc Vlcvl`ar-Bstl`as Reh`as y Fbetra Fucturlc Vlcvl`arbüa-Lcbkìe, rbspbfthvlkbetb. @hibrbetbs lutarbs plrl `hibrbetbs Zraorlkls. Rthchzl cl khskl ouhtlrrl Oìcvbz be lkdas Faefhbrtas. Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
88
<8?4, sìdl`a 40 `b mueha. @bs`b cl fhu`l` `b Oultbklcl bsfrhdb Vhcl l su nhml. (Kufnls vbfbs supchkas, fae uel rbibrbefhl l uel flrtl, cl lusbefhl `b atrl heiarklfhöe, plrl fakpcbtlr cl trlybftarhl `bc lrthstl). Vhcl rbsh`hö y trldlmö be plësbs fbetralkbrhfleas fbetralkbrhfleas be vlrhls apartueh`l`bs y `èfl`ls `hibrbetbs.
<8?6, mubvbs `b klya. Bc Vlcvl`ar. Bc subcta pbrha`ësthfa fakbetl –cl besbülezl qub `bmö be sus sus afna Faefhbrtas be eubstra praorlkl `b P.Y (….) shtýle l Vhcl Oa`ay faka l ue vbr`l`bra nbrklea `b sleorb y bspërhtu `b cas fbetra- lkbrhfleas qub thbebe par bstb orle VBÜAT @B CL ORHPLTTL ue vbr`l`bra lprbfha y flrhüa par cl hekbe- sl lfthvh`l` kushflc `bspcbol`l fae tletl klbstrël y ldebol- fhöe‛. –Bc praorlkl ldlrfl adrls `bs`b bc elc `bc shoca ^YHH nlstl bc elc `bc shoca ^YHHH.‛
8>
<8?6, ldrhc y klya. Bc Vlcvl`ar. Fbetra Bc Vlcvl`ar-Bstl`as Reh`as y Fbetra Fucturlc Vlcvl`arbüa-Lcbkìe, rbspbfthvlkbetb. @hibrbetbs lutarbs plrl `hibrbetbs Zraorlkls. Rthchzl cl khskl ouhtlrrl Oìcvbz be lkdas Faefhbrtas. Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
(Tbfartb `b pbrhö`hfa, pìohel letbrhar). <8?6, `akheoa
<6 `b mucha. Obsthaebs rblchzl`ls par F.V.O. nlfbe pashdcb qub bc @r. Tlilbc L. Flrdlcca, ldaol`a, bx lcukea `b L. Dlrrhas y bx Khehstra `b Musthfhl `b Bc Vlcvl`ar, ldrl cl sufbshöe `b L. Dlrrhas, faeshouhbe`a, be <8?6, bc `afukbeta `b cl @bfclrltarhl `b Nbrb`bra atarol`a par bc Prhduelc `b Bc Vlcvl`ar, `bfclrle`a nbrb`bra cbolc l Zb`ra Yhrohcha Dlrrhas, nhma elturlc `b Dlrrhas.
88
Be cl iata `b cl `brbfnl, Flya Vhcl Oa`ay vhshtl cl tukdl `b Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas, Ehtsuol Kleoarè, be subca slcvl`arbüa.
<8?0, <> `b mucha. Vlcöe Lu`htarha `bc Facboha `b Oabtnb. Lusphfhl bc Hesthtuta Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lcbkìe. Re hetbrbsletb Zraorlkl= Bc Clý` y cl Ouhtlrrl be cl Kýshfl Lcbklel.
<::
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<:<
(Tbfartb `b pbrhö`hfa, pìohel letbrhar). <8?6, `akheoa
<6 `b mucha. Obsthaebs rblchzl`ls par F.V.O. nlfbe pashdcb qub bc @r. Tlilbc L. Flrdlcca, ldaol`a, bx lcukea `b L. Dlrrhas y bx Khehstra `b Musthfhl `b Bc Vlcvl`ar, ldrl cl sufbshöe `b L. Dlrrhas, faeshouhbe`a, be <8?6, bc `afukbeta `b cl @bfclrltarhl `b Nbrb`bra atarol`a par bc Prhduelc `b Bc Vlcvl`ar, `bfclrle`a nbrb`bra cbolc l Zb`ra Yhrohcha Dlrrhas, nhma elturlc `b Dlrrhas.
Be cl iata `b cl `brbfnl, Flya Vhcl Oa`ay vhshtl cl tukdl `b Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas, Ehtsuol Kleoarè, be subca slcvl`arbüa.
<8?0, <> `b mucha. Vlcöe Lu`htarha `bc Facboha `b Oabtnb. Lusphfhl bc Hesthtuta Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lcbkìe. Re hetbrbsletb Zraorlkl= Bc Clý` y cl Ouhtlrrl be cl Kýshfl Lcbklel.
<::
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<:<
<8?9, khèrfacbs 4 `b mueha. Tl`ha Elfhaelc `bc Zlrlouly. Lë`l Clrl, be su praorlkl –Hetèrprbtbs Zlrloulyas par bc Kue`a‛ betrbvhstl l F.V.O., bc fulc hetbrprbtl adrls `b su rbpbrtarha, lc rborbsa `b uea `b sus vhlmbs l Bstl`as Reh`as.
<8?2, sìdl`a <6 `b `hfhbkdrb. Plpl `b Zraorlkl.
Zraorlkl `b Faefhbrta be BBRR fae uel `bsfrhpfhöe, be heocès, `b cas tbkls l sbr hetbrprbtl`as par F.V.O. <:4
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<:6
<8?9, khèrfacbs 4 `b mueha. Tl`ha Elfhaelc `bc Zlrlouly. Lë`l Clrl, be su praorlkl –Hetèrprbtbs Zlrloulyas par bc Kue`a‛ betrbvhstl l F.V.O., bc fulc hetbrprbtl adrls `b su rbpbrtarha, lc rborbsa `b uea `b sus vhlmbs l Bstl`as Reh`as.
<8?2, sìdl`a <6 `b `hfhbkdrb. Plpl `b Zraorlkl.
Zraorlkl `b Faefhbrta be BBRR fae uel `bsfrhpfhöe, be heocès, `b cas tbkls l sbr hetbrprbtl`as par F.V.O. <:4
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<:6
Zraorlkl `b Faefhbrta be BBRR fae uel `bsfrhpfhöe, be heocès, `b cas tbkls l sbr hetbrprbtl`as par F.V.O.
<8??, mubvbs 4: `b bebra. Pnb Olzbttb, Bkparhl , Glesls. Bkparhl Lrts Faue- fhc. F.V.O. sb befaetrldl `le`a fclsbs klohstrlcbs be cls Rehvbrsh`l`bs `b _hfnhtl, Clwrbefb, Papbgl, Glesls, BBRR.
<8??, vhbrebs 4: `b klya. @hlrha Ýcthkl Narl , Lsuefhöe.
<:0
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<:2
Zraorlkl `b Faefhbrta be BBRR fae uel `bsfrhpfhöe, be heocès, `b cas tbkls l sbr hetbrprbtl`as par F.V.O.
<8??, mubvbs 4: `b bebra. Pnb Olzbttb, Bkparhl , Glesls. Bkparhl Lrts Faue- fhc. F.V.O. sb befaetrldl `le`a fclsbs klohstrlcbs be cls Rehvbrsh`l`bs `b _hfnhtl, Clwrbefb, Papbgl, Glesls, BBRR.
<8??, vhbrebs 4: `b klya. @hlrha Ýcthkl Narl , Lsuefhöe.
<:0
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<:2
<8??, loasta - eavhbkdrb. Pëtuca `b Lrquhtbftl Bchsl F. Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz.
<8??, <0 `b klrza. Rel flrtl `b Vhcl qub nldcl `b ue praybftl`a vhlmb `b Bchsl l Bstl`as Reh`as, qub ea sb rblchzö. Ca –urobetb‛ sb rbbrb lc pb`h`a `b ue bquhpa `b `hduma qub ebfbshtldl plrl tbrkhelr cl Pbshs `b cl Ilfuctl` `b Lrquhtbfturl. <:9
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<:?
<8??, loasta - eavhbkdrb. Pëtuca `b Lrquhtbftl Bchsl F. Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz.
<8??, <0 `b klrza. Rel flrtl `b Vhcl qub nldcl `b ue praybftl`a vhlmb `b Bchsl l Bstl`as Reh`as, qub ea sb rblchzö. Ca –urobetb‛ sb rbbrb lc pb`h`a `b ue bquhpa `b `hduma qub ebfbshtldl plrl tbrkhelr cl Pbshs `b cl Ilfuctl` `b Lrquhtbfturl. <:9
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<:?
<8??, klrtbs 2 `b mucha. Vlcöe Lu`htarha `bc Facboha Hetbrelfhaelc. <8??, `bspuès `b cl orldlfhöe `b ue `hsfa.
<8??, vhbrebs 2 `b mucha. Lsuefhöe. Hesthtuta Zlrloulya `b Fucturl Nhspìehfl. Cuës Lcdbrta `b Nbrrbrl >64.
<8??, vhbrebs 2 `b mucha. Lsuefhöe. Hesthtuta Zlrloulya `b Fucturl Nhspìehfl. Cuës Lcdbrta `b Nbrrbrl >64. <:>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<:8
<8??, klrtbs 2 `b mucha. Vlcöe Lu`htarha `bc Facboha Hetbrelfhaelc. <8??, `bspuès `b cl orldlfhöe `b ue `hsfa.
<8??, vhbrebs 2 `b mucha. Lsuefhöe. Hesthtuta Zlrloulya `b Fucturl Nhspìehfl. Cuës Lcdbrta `b Nbrrbrl >64.
<8??, vhbrebs 2 `b mucha. Lsuefhöe. Hesthtuta Zlrloulya `b Fucturl Nhspìehfl. Cuës Lcdbrta `b Nbrrbrl >64. <:>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<:8
<8??. @hsfa orldl`a be BBRR= –Zlrloulyle Fclshflc Ouhtlrhst Zclys tnb Kushf ai Loustëe Dlrrhas Kleoarè le` atnbrs‛ . Zraorlkl `bc khska.
<8?>, 42 `b bebra. _hfnhtl Dblfae, Glesls, Bstl`as Reh`as. –Fakpasbr lt warg‛. Vhcl Oa`ay, fakpashtar trldlmle`a.
<<:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
- <8?>, `akheoa 6: `b ldrhc. _hfnhtl Fbetury HH Pnbltrb. Prhduta l Ibrele`a Var. 4:: Lüas `b Kýshfl Bsfrhtl Arh - ohelckbetb plrl Ouhtlrrl. Vhcl uthchzl uel ouhtlrrl faestruh`l par Masè Tlkërbz, cutnhbr bsplüac. Bc prhkbr `hsfa orldl`a be BBRR par F.V.O. sbrì prbsbetl`a be bc hetbrvlca.
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<<<
<8??. @hsfa orldl`a be BBRR= –Zlrloulyle Fclshflc Ouhtlrhst Zclys tnb Kushf ai Loustëe Dlrrhas Kleoarè le` atnbrs‛ . Zraorlkl `bc khska.
<8?>, 42 `b bebra. _hfnhtl Dblfae, Glesls, Bstl`as Reh`as. –Fakpasbr lt warg‛. Vhcl Oa`ay, fakpashtar trldlmle`a.
<<:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
- <8?>, `akheoa 6: `b ldrhc. _hfnhtl Fbetury HH Pnbltrb. Prhduta l Ibrele`a Var. 4:: Lüas `b Kýshfl Bsfrhtl Arh - ohelckbetb plrl Ouhtlrrl. Vhcl uthchzl uel ouhtlrrl faestruh`l par Masè Tlkërbz, cutnhbr bsplüac. Bc prhkbr `hsfa orldl`a be BBRR par F.V.O. sbrì prbsbetl`a be bc hetbrvlca.
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Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
<<<
<8?>, mubvbs 4> `b sbpthbkdrb. Hocbshl Fltb`rlc `b Lsuefhöe. Lusphfhl Rehvbrsh`l` Fltöchfl Etrl. Vrl. `b cl Lsuefhöe.
<8?>, mubvbs 4> `b sbpthbkdrb. Hocbshl Fltb`rlc `b Lsuefhöe. Lusphfhl Rehvbrsh`l` Fltöchfl Etrl. Vrl. `b cl Lsuefhöe. <<4
F lya V hcl O a`ay
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<<6
<8?>, mubvbs 4> `b sbpthbkdrb. Hocbshl Fltb`rlc `b Lsuefhöe. Lusphfhl Rehvbrsh`l` Fltöchfl Etrl. Vrl. `b cl Lsuefhöe.
<8?>, mubvbs 4> `b sbpthbkdrb. Hocbshl Fltb`rlc `b Lsuefhöe. Lusphfhl Rehvbrsh`l` Fltöchfl Etrl. Vrl. `b cl Lsuefhöe. <<4
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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<8?8. Plpl y faetrltlpl `bc sboue`a `hsfa `b F.V.O. orldl`a be BBRR, fae `b`hfltarhl –l Bchsl y Nukdbrta, fae ta`a flrhüa‛ , ibfnl`l bc < `b klya `b <8>:. Zraorlkl `bc khska.
<<0
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<<6
<8?8, `akheoa 44 `b mucha. Pnb Ebw Xarg Vnbrltae Natbc. Lusphfhl bc Fbetra Zlrloulya `b Eubvl Xarg, Hef. Zraorlkl fakpubsta par lutarbs lkbrhfleas.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<<2
<8?8. Plpl y faetrltlpl `bc sboue`a `hsfa `b F.V.O. orldl`a be BBRR, fae `b`hfltarhl –l Bchsl y Nukdbrta, fae ta`a flrhüa‛ , ibfnl`l bc < `b klya `b <8>:. Zraorlkl `bc khska.
<<0
<8?8, `akheoa 44 `b mucha. Pnb Ebw Xarg Vnbrltae Natbc. Lusphfhl bc Fbetra Zlrloulya `b Eubvl Xarg, Hef. Zraorlkl fakpubsta par lutarbs lkbrhfleas.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<<2
<8?8, cuebs 49 `b eavhbkdrb. @hlrha Bxfbcshar . Fhu`l` `b Kèxhfa. Fakbetlrha `bc faefhbrta airbfh`a par F.V.O. be bc Hesthtuta Leoca Kbxhflea `b Fucturl.
Bsfrhta `b Khoubc Ìcvlrbz Lfastl, @hrbftar Obebrlc `b AZHF, Arolehska `b Zrakafhöe Hetbrelfhaelc `b Fucturl, `b Kèxhfa, `urletb cls ohrls elfhaelcbs kbxhflels qub arolehzlrl bsb Arolehska fae prbsbetlfhaebs `b F.V.O. be cas lüas <892 y <899.
<8?8. Zraorlkl `bc Yh`ba orldl`a be _lsnheotae par Flya Vhcl Oa`ay.
<8?8, mubvbs <2 `b eavhbkdrb. Kèxhfa, @.I. Hesthtuta Leoca-Kbxhflea `b Fucturl prbsbetl ue faefhbrta `b F.V.O. <<9
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<
<8?8, cuebs 49 `b eavhbkdrb. @hlrha Bxfbcshar . Fhu`l` `b Kèxhfa. Fakbetlrha `bc faefhbrta airbfh`a par F.V.O. be bc Hesthtuta Leoca Kbxhflea `b Fucturl.
Bsfrhta `b Khoubc Ìcvlrbz Lfastl, @hrbftar Obebrlc `b AZHF, Arolehska `b Zrakafhöe Hetbrelfhaelc `b Fucturl, `b Kèxhfa, `urletb cls ohrls elfhaelcbs kbxhflels qub arolehzlrl bsb Arolehska fae prbsbetlfhaebs `b F.V.O. be cas lüas <892 y <899.
<8?8. Zraorlkl `bc Yh`ba orldl`a be _lsnheotae par Flya Vhcl Oa`ay.
<8?8, mubvbs <2 `b eavhbkdrb. Kèxhfa, @.I. Hesthtuta Leoca-Kbxhflea `b Fucturl prbsbetl ue faefhbrta `b F.V.O. <<9
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<
<8>: l <8>8
<8?8, <4 `b `hfhbkdrb. Aphehöe `b Elrfhsa Xbpbs sadrb Flya Vhcl Oa`ay y sadrb su adrl kushflc. Be <8?8, Vhcl Oa`ay, Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz `b Oa`ay y Elrfhsa Xbpbs, ouhtlrrhstl bsplüac sb betrbvhstlrae be cl flphtlc kbxhflel, be bc Natbc Lclkb`l, Lv. Muìrbz 2:, Kèxhfa, @.I. <<>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<<8
<8>: l <8>8
<8?8, <4 `b `hfhbkdrb. Aphehöe `b Elrfhsa Xbpbs sadrb Flya Vhcl Oa`ay y sadrb su adrl kushflc. Be <8?8, Vhcl Oa`ay, Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz `b Oa`ay y Elrfhsa Xbpbs, ouhtlrrhstl bsplüac sb betrbvhstlrae be cl flphtlc kbxhflel, be bc Natbc Lclkb`l, Lv. Muìrbz 2:, Kèxhfa, @.I. <<>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<<8
<8>:, `akheoa 8 `b klrza. @hlrha ldf facar . Lsuefhöe.
<8>:, sìdl`a 44 `b klrza. @hlrha ldf facar. Lsuefhöe. Eathfhl `b vhlmb `b F.V.O. l Bsplül, plrl orldlfhaebs be Tl`ha y Pbcbvhshöe Bsplüacl 7 l Irlefhl, plrl Tl`ha y Pbcbvhshöe be bc praorlkl –Irlefb kush- qub‛ , qub `hrhob Tadbrt M. Yh`lc y l Bstl`as Reh`as, plrl prbsbetlfhaebs be bsb plës.
<8?8, mubvbs <2 `b eavhbkdrb. Kèxhfa, @.I. Hesthtuta Leoca-Kbxhflea `b Fucturl prbsbetl ue faefhbrta `b F.V.O. @b hzq. l `br. Oar`ae Flkpdbcc, prbsbetb be bc faefhbrta, Vhcl, Tlkaehtl `b Oa`ay y pbrsaelch`l`bs `b cl Hesthtufhöe. <4:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<4<
<8>:, `akheoa 8 `b klrza. @hlrha ldf facar . Lsuefhöe.
<8>:, sìdl`a 44 `b klrza. @hlrha ldf facar. Lsuefhöe. Eathfhl `b vhlmb `b F.V.O. l Bsplül, plrl orldlfhaebs be Tl`ha y Pbcbvhshöe Bsplüacl 7 l Irlefhl, plrl Tl`ha y Pbcbvhshöe be bc praorlkl –Irlefb kush- qub‛ , qub `hrhob Tadbrt M. Yh`lc y l Bstl`as Reh`as, plrl prbsbetlfhaebs be bsb plës.
<8?8, mubvbs <2 `b eavhbkdrb. Kèxhfa, @.I. Hesthtuta Leoca-Kbxhflea `b Fucturl prbsbetl ue faefhbrta `b F.V.O. @b hzq. l `br. Oar`ae Flkpdbcc, prbsbetb be bc faefhbrta, Vhcl, Tlkaehtl `b Oa`ay y pbrsaelch`l`bs `b cl Hesthtufhöe. <4:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<4<
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<46
<8>:, eavhbkdrb y `hfhbkdrb. Zraorlkls `b prbsbetlfhaebs `b F.V.O be Mlpöe, `bc <8 y 4> `b eavhbkdrb y `bc >, <:, <<, <6, `b `hfhbkdrb. Letrhöe= bc ouhtlrrhstl mlpaeès Ltsuklsl Elgldlylsnh. (`bs`b cl pìo. <44 nlstl cl <4?). <44
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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<8>:, eavhbkdrb y `hfhbkdrb. Zraorlkls `b prbsbetlfhaebs `b F.V.O be Mlpöe, `bc <8 y 4> `b eavhbkdrb y `bc >, <:, <<, <6, `b `hfhbkdrb. Letrhöe= bc ouhtlrrhstl mlpaeès Ltsuklsl Elgldlylsnh. (`bs`b cl pìo. <44 nlstl cl <4?). <44
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
<40
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<46
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<42
<40
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
<49
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<42
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<4?
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
<49
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<4?
<8><, klrtbs 49 `b klya. Pbltra Kuehfhplc, Lsuefhöe. Faefhbrta `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, Ltsuklsl y Xlsuga Elgldlylsnh.
<8>4, 2 `b klya. Pbltra `b cls Lkèrhfls. 0:˝ Lehvbrslrha `bc Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea, nakbel mb l Loustëe Dlrrhas be bc Lehvbrslrha `b su elfhkhbeta. @urletb bstb faefhbrta, bstldl prbvhsta qub nhfhbrl usa `b cl plcldrl @ae Luousta Tal Dlstas, qub bc `ël prbvha iubrl `bstbrrl`a par cl iubrzl pachfhlc.
<8><. @bc Mlpöe, Xlsuga Elgldl ylsnh, dlhclrhel, (plrl`l `btrìs `b F.V.O.), Ltsuklsl Elgldlylsnh, ouhtlrrhstl (l cl `brbfnl `bc khska) y Flya Vhcl Oa`ay.
<4>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<48
<8><, klrtbs 49 `b klya. Pbltra Kuehfhplc, Lsuefhöe. Faefhbrta `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, Ltsuklsl y Xlsuga Elgldlylsnh.
<8>4, 2 `b klya. Pbltra `b cls Lkèrhfls. 0:˝ Lehvbrslrha `bc Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea, nakbel mb l Loustëe Dlrrhas be bc Lehvbrslrha `b su elfhkhbeta. @urletb bstb faefhbrta, bstldl prbvhsta qub nhfhbrl usa `b cl plcldrl @ae Luousta Tal Dlstas, qub bc `ël prbvha iubrl `bstbrrl`a par cl iubrzl pachfhlc.
<8><. @bc Mlpöe, Xlsuga Elgldl ylsnh, dlhclrhel, (plrl`l `btrìs `b F.V.O.), Ltsuklsl Elgldlylsnh, ouhtlrrhstl (l cl `brbfnl `bc khska) y Flya Vhcl Oa`ay.
<4>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<48
<8>4, loasta. Lsuefhöe. Fbetra `b Bstu`has Drlshcbras. Tbfhtlc `b F.V.O. be faekbkarlfhöe `bc 002 Lehvbrslrha `b cl Iue`lfhöe `b cl Fhu`l` `b Lsuefhöe.
<8>6, cuebs 40 `b bebra. @hlrha NAX
<8>4, mubvbs <0 `b aftudrb. Lsuefhöe. Rehöe Fcud. Nakb- elmb l Ehfaca Zloleheh be bc HH Fbetbelrha `b su Elfhkhbeta. Fae lusphfhas `b cl Bkdlml`l Htlchlel, prbsbetl cl Vafhb`l` –@letb Lchonhbrh‛. <6:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<6<
<8>4, loasta. Lsuefhöe. Fbetra `b Bstu`has Drlshcbras. Tbfhtlc `b F.V.O. be faekbkarlfhöe `bc 002 Lehvbrslrha `b cl Iue`lfhöe `b cl Fhu`l` `b Lsuefhöe.
<8>6, cuebs 40 `b bebra. @hlrha NAX
<8>4, mubvbs <0 `b aftudrb. Lsuefhöe. Rehöe Fcud. Nakb- elmb l Ehfaca Zloleheh be bc HH Fbetbelrha `b su Elfhkhbeta. Fae lusphfhas `b cl Bkdlml`l Htlchlel, prbsbetl cl Vafhb`l` –@letb Lchonhbrh‛. <6:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<6<
<8>6. @hlrhas `b Lsuefhöe sb nlfbe bfa `b cls prbsbetlfhaebs `b Vhcl Oa`ay be Lustrlchl.
<8>6, sìdl`a 6 `b sbpthbkdrb. Pnb Vy`eby Kareheo Nbrlc`
<8>6, mubvbs 4? `b aftudrb. @hlrha NAX . Vadrb cls prbsbetlfhaebs `b Vhcl Oa`ay be Lustrlchl.
<64
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<66
<8>6. @hlrhas `b Lsuefhöe sb nlfbe bfa `b cls prbsbetlfhaebs `b Vhcl Oa`ay be Lustrlchl.
<8>6, sìdl`a 6 `b sbpthbkdrb. Pnb Vy`eby Kareheo Nbrlc`
<8>6, mubvbs 4? `b aftudrb. @hlrha NAX . Vadrb cls prbsbetlfhaebs `b Vhcl Oa`ay be Lustrlchl.
<64
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<66
<8>6, `hfhbkdrb. @hlrha K, Nhon Chib, Vy`eby, Lustrlchl.
<8>6,<6 `b sbpthbkdrb. @hlrha Bc Bsplüac be Bsplüac be Lustrlchl . Vy`eby.
<8>6, `hfhbkdrb. Be cl rbsh`befhl `b Cl`y Ilhrilx, be Vy`eby, lftýl F.V.O. y sachfhtl ue lutöorlia l cl bsfrhtarl Faccbbe Kf Fuccauon, lutarl `b Pnb Pnare Dhr`s. <60
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<62
<8>6, `hfhbkdrb. @hlrha K, Nhon Chib, Vy`eby, Lustrlchl.
<8>6,<6 `b sbpthbkdrb. @hlrha Bc Bsplüac be Bsplüac be Lustrlchl . Vy`eby.
<8>6, `hfhbkdrb. Be cl rbsh`befhl `b Cl`y Ilhrilx, be Vy`eby, lftýl F.V.O. y sachfhtl ue lutöorlia l cl bsfrhtarl Faccbbe Kf Fuccauon, lutarl `b Pnb Pnare Dhr`s. Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
<60
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<62
<8>4, cuebs <2 `b eavhbkdrb (bc 0:˝ Lehvbrslrha sb fukpcb be
<8>4). Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea. Pbltra `b cls Lkèrhfls. <8>9, <: `b eavhbkdrb. Flrtl `b PFebc. Lrt. @BK Masè Thflr`a Zaza, Lorbol`a `b @bibesl l cl Bkdlml`l `b Bc Vlcvl`ar. Lorl`bfhkhbeta par faefhbrta `b Vhcl Oa`ay l dbeb fha `b `lkehfl`as par bc tbrrbkata be Bc Vlcvl`ar.
<8>4, vhbrebs 4 `b mucha. @hlrha Ýcthkl Narl . Loustëe Dlrrhas - Vhcl Oa`ay Cl Ouhtlrrl y Cl Kýshfl, Ouhtlr Kushf ai Dlrrhas . @hsfa `b Ouy Cugawsgy, ouhtlrrhstl dbcol.
<8>0. Yacletb `b prakafhöe, Pbkparl`l `b Faefhbrtas. <69
<8>0, khèrfacbs 4? `b mueha y khèrfacbs 0 `b mucha. Vlcöe Lu`htarha `b Lnarras Zlrloulyas. Fcìshfas Zlrloulyas y Fcìshfas Burapbas.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<6?
<8>4, cuebs <2 `b eavhbkdrb (bc 0:˝ Lehvbrslrha sb fukpcb be
<8>4). Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea. Pbltra `b cls Lkèrhfls. <8>9, <: `b eavhbkdrb. Flrtl `b PFebc. Lrt. @BK Masè Thflr`a Zaza, Lorbol`a `b @bibesl l cl Bkdlml`l `b Bc Vlcvl`ar. Lorl`bfhkhbeta par faefhbrta `b Vhcl Oa`ay l dbeb fha `b `lkehfl`as par bc tbrrbkata be Bc Vlcvl`ar.
<8>4, vhbrebs 4 `b mucha. @hlrha Ýcthkl Narl . Loustëe Dlrrhas - Vhcl Oa`ay Cl Ouhtlrrl y Cl Kýshfl, Ouhtlr Kushf ai Dlrrhas . @hsfa `b Ouy Cugawsgy, ouhtlrrhstl dbcol.
<8>0. Yacletb `b prakafhöe, Pbkparl`l `b Faefhbrtas. <69
<8>0, khèrfacbs 4? `b mueha y khèrfacbs 0 `b mucha. Vlcöe Lu`htarha `b Lnarras Zlrloulyas. Fcìshfas Zlrloulyas y Fcìshfas Burapbas.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<6?
<8>0, klrtbs 9 `b eavhbkdrb. Fbetra Zlrloulya `b Heobehbras. Vb usö cl vhübtl `b bstb praorlkl plrl cl lpbrturl `b fl`l flpëtuca `b bstb chdra.
<8>0, khèrfacbs < `b loasta. Vlcöe Lu`htarha `b cl Flsl Kltrhz `b Lnarras Zlrloulyas. Fbetra Fucturlc y Vafhlc Vlemulehea `b Tbsh`betbs be cl Flphtlc prbsb etl l Flya Vhcl Oa`ay y l Pasnha Vuzugh be Faefhbrta Nakbelmb l Kleoarè.
<8>0, vhbrebs 6 `b loasta, @hlrha ea h`bethfl`a.
–...eakdrb raklea, fldbzl `b lcbkìe y `ube`b `b bsplüac, qub bs bc klbstra Flya Vhcl Oa`ay.‛
<6>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<68
<8>0, klrtbs 9 `b eavhbkdrb. Fbetra Zlrloulya `b Heobehbras. Vb usö cl vhübtl `b bstb praorlkl plrl cl lpbrturl `b fl`l flpëtuca `b bstb chdra.
<8>0, khèrfacbs < `b loasta. Vlcöe Lu`htarha `b cl Flsl Kltrhz `b Lnarras Zlrloulyas. Fbetra Fucturlc y Vafhlc Vlemulehea `b Tbsh`betbs be cl Flphtlc prbsb etl l Flya Vhcl Oa`ay y l Pasnha Vuzugh be Faefhbrta Nakbelmb l Kleoarè.
<8>0, vhbrebs 6 `b loasta, @hlrha ea h`bethfl`a.
–...eakdrb raklea, fldbzl `b lcbkìe y `ube`b `b bsplüac, qub bs bc klbstra Flya Vhcl Oa`ay.‛
<6>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<68
<8>0, mubvbs <2 `b eavhbkdrb, Febc. Avhb`a7 mubvbs 44, Htluoul7 mubvb s 48, Cuqub. Lfnb
prakafhaelc `b Ohrl `b Faefhbrtas. Aphehaebs `b Elrfhsa Xbpbs y `b Mhra Nlkl`l. Lusphfha `b Aol Tlpè.
<8>2. Yhbrebs 44 `b Klrza. Lfnb `b faefhbrta `b Le`rès Vboavhl, l cas 84 lüas, be bc GBEEB@X FBEPBT FAEFBTP NLCC,
Vhcl Oa`ay ca vhshtö be bsl apartueh`l` y orldö ue vh`ba be qub sb ca vb fae Vboavhl y atra tafle`a be bc Fbetrlc Zlrg `b E.X. <0:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<0<
<8>0, mubvbs <2 `b eavhbkdrb, Febc. Avhb`a7 mubvbs 44, Htluoul7 mubvb s 48, Cuqub. Lfnb
prakafhaelc `b Ohrl `b Faefhbrtas. Aphehaebs `b Elrfhsa Xbpbs y `b Mhra Nlkl`l. Lusphfha `b Aol Tlpè.
<8>2. Yhbrebs 44 `b Klrza. Lfnb `b faefhbrta `b Le`rès Vboavhl, l cas 84 lüas, be bc GBEEB@X FBEPBT FAEFBTP NLCC,
Vhcl Oa`ay ca vhshtö be bsl apartueh`l` y orldö ue vh`ba be qub sb ca vb fae Vboavhl y atra tafle`a be bc Fbetrlc Zlrg `b E.X. <0:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<0<
<8>2, klrtbs <8 `b ibdrbra. Fakuehfl`a l cl Zrbesl. Vhcl Oa`ay leuefhl qub vhlmlrì l Kl`rh` plrl bc 84½ fukpcblüas `bc klbstra Le`rès Vboavhl, bc 4< `bc khska kbs y lüa. \ub pastbrharkbetb vhlmlrële lkdas `b Kl`rh` l Eubvl Xarg y qub, be bsl fhu`l`, tbe`rël F.V.O. atra befubetra fae su klbstra, facbol y lkhoa.
<8>2. Yhbrebs 44 `b Klrza. Lfnb `b faefhbrta `b Le`rès Vboavhl, l cas 84 lüas, be bc GBEEB@X FBEPBT
FAEFBTP NLCC, Vhcl Oa`ay ca vhshtö be bsl apartueh`l` y orldö ue vh`ba be qub sb ca vb fae Vboavhl y atra tafle`a be bc Fbetrlc Zlrg `b E.X. <04
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<06
<8>2, klrtbs <8 `b ibdrbra. Fakuehfl`a l cl Zrbesl. Vhcl Oa`ay leuefhl qub vhlmlrì l Kl`rh` plrl bc 84½ fukpcblüas `bc klbstra Le`rès Vboavhl, bc 4< `bc khska kbs y lüa. \ub pastbrharkbetb vhlmlrële lkdas `b Kl`rh` l Eubvl Xarg y qub, be bsl fhu`l`, tbe`rël F.V.O. atra befubetra fae su klbstra, facbol y lkhoa.
<8>2. Yhbrebs 44 `b Klrza. Lfnb `b faefhbrta `b Le`rès Vboavhl, l cas 84 lüas, be bc GBEEB@X FBEPBT
FAEFBTP NLCC, Vhcl Oa`ay ca vhshtö be bsl apartueh`l` y orldö ue vh`ba be qub sb ca vb fae Vboavhl y atra tafle`a be bc Fbetrlc Zlrg `b E.X. <04
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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<8>2. Ebw Xarg. Aphehae `b Vboavhl sadrb F.V.O., be bc befubetra be E.X., sb lprbfhl bc bsfu`a `b Klrquès `b Vlcadrbül, tëtuca eadhchlrha qub iubrl faefb`h`a par cl Farael Bsplüacl l Le`rès Vboavhl be <8><.
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<06
<8>2. Iata `b Vboavhl fae Vhcl, eötbsb cl bxprbshöe `b rboafhma `bc Klbstra Le`rès Vboavhl, betaefbs fae 84 lüas y be Ohrl `b Faefhbrtas, lc rbfhdhr cl vhshtl `b su `hsfëpuca, facbol y lkhoa, be Eubvl Xarg. Be cl iata sb lprbfhl cl ltbefhöe fae qub Vhcl adsbrvl l Vboavhl.
<8>2, klrtbs <9 `b ldrhc. @hlrha Ýcthkl Narl . Lsuefhöe. Leuefhl bc rborbsa `b F.V.O. `b su vhlmb l Bsplül y l BBRR, `bspuès `b slcu`lr l su klbstra, facbol y lkhoa, @ae Le`rès Vboavhl, Klrquès `b Vlcadrbül.
<00
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<02
<8>2. Ebw Xarg. Aphehae `b Vboavhl sadrb F.V.O., be bc befubetra be E.X., sb lprbfhl bc bsfu`a `b Klrquès `b Vlcadrbül, tëtuca eadhchlrha qub iubrl faefb`h`a par cl Farael Bsplüacl l Le`rès Vboavhl be <8><.
<8>2. Iata `b Vboavhl fae Vhcl, eötbsb cl bxprbshöe `b rboafhma `bc Klbstra Le`rès Vboavhl, betaefbs fae 84 lüas y be Ohrl `b Faefhbrtas, lc rbfhdhr cl vhshtl `b su `hsfëpuca, facbol y lkhoa, be Eubvl Xarg. Be cl iata sb lprbfhl cl ltbefhöe fae qub Vhcl adsbrvl l Vboavhl.
<8>2, klrtbs <9 `b ldrhc. @hlrha Ýcthkl Narl . Lsuefhöe. Leuefhl bc rborbsa `b F.V.O. `b su vhlmb l Bsplül y l BBRR, `bspuès `b slcu`lr l su klbstra, facbol y lkhoa, @ae Le`rès Vboavhl, Klrquès `b Vlcadrbül.
<00
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<02
<8>9, klrtbs <4 `b loasta. Caflc Vparthva Cuqubüa . Faefhbrta fae lusphfhas `b cl Kuehfhplch`l` `b Cuqub. Lfnb - Zraorlkl.
<8>2, vhbrebs 6 `b klya. Pbltra `b cls Lkèrhfls. FFZL. OTRZA LTFAV Adrl `b Cuhs Vzlrle –Lc Klbstra Vhcl Oa`ay‛ Faefbrthea plrl Ouhtlrrl y Arqubstl (Adrl fakhshael`l par bc FFZL plrl bc Fbetbelrha `bc Elfhkhbeta `b Loustëe Dlrrhas). <8>9, > `b loasta. Vlcl `b Faefhbrtas Ihelesu` Ihelefhbrl. <09
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<0?
<8>9, klrtbs <4 `b loasta. Caflc Vparthva Cuqubüa . Faefhbrta fae lusphfhas `b cl Kuehfhplch`l` `b Cuqub. Lfnb - Zraorlkl.
<8>2, vhbrebs 6 `b klya. Pbltra `b cls Lkèrhfls. FFZL. OTRZA LTFAV Adrl `b Cuhs Vzlrle –Lc Klbstra Vhcl Oa`ay‛ Faefbrthea plrl Ouhtlrrl y Arqubstl (Adrl fakhshael`l par bc FFZL plrl bc Fbetbelrha `bc Elfhkhbeta `b Loustëe Dlrrhas). <8>9, > `b loasta. Vlcl `b Faefhbrtas Ihelesu` Ihelefhbrl. <09
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<0?
<8>2. Iata `b Vboavhl fae Vhcl, be Eubvl Xarg. Be cl iata sb lprbfhl cl ltbefhöe fae qub Vhcl adsbrvl l Vboavhl. Iub bc ýcthka befubetra `b lkdas ouhtlrrhstls, pubs Vboavhl karhrël `as lüas `bspuès, bc 4 `b mueha `b <8>?. <8>?, 0 `b eavhbkdrb. Kl`rh`. Flrtl rkl`l par Khoubc `b cas Vletas, hevhtle`a l F.V.O. l plrthfhplr `b cl
Vbrhb plrl PYB, thtucl`l Ouhtlrrl.
<0>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<08
<8>2. Iata `b Vboavhl fae Vhcl, be Eubvl Xarg. Be cl iata sb lprbfhl cl ltbefhöe fae qub Vhcl adsbrvl l Vboavhl. Iub bc ýcthka befubetra `b lkdas ouhtlrrhstls, pubs Vboavhl karhrël `as lüas `bspuès, bc 4 `b mueha `b <8>?. <8>?, 0 `b eavhbkdrb. Kl`rh`. Flrtl rkl`l par Khoubc `b cas Vletas, hevhtle`a l F.V.O. l plrthfhplr `b cl
Vbrhb plrl PYB, thtucl`l Ouhtlrrl.
<0>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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<8>?, 42 `b eavhbkdrb. @hlrha Ýcthkl Narl . Cl prbesl sb nlfb bfa `b cl ohrl `b F.V.O. par Lcbklehl y Bsplül.
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<08
<8>>, khèrfacbs 40 `b loasta. Vlcöe Kucthusa `bc Hesthtuta Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lcbkìe. Lusphfhle bc bvbeta, bc fhtl`a Hesthtuta y cl Iue`lfhöe –Loustëe Dlrrhas‛.
<8>?. Flrtl `b Elrfhsa Xbpbs `ae`b fakbetl cl adrl –Èdlea‛ `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, prapaeb pudchflrcl be cl B`htarhlc Vfnatt, `b Lcbklehl.
<2:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<2<
<8>?, 42 `b eavhbkdrb. @hlrha Ýcthkl Narl . Cl prbesl sb nlfb bfa `b cl ohrl `b F.V.O. par Lcbklehl y Bsplül.
<8>>, khèrfacbs 40 `b loasta. Vlcöe Kucthusa `bc Hesthtuta Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lcbkìe. Lusphfhle bc bvbeta, bc fhtl`a Hesthtuta y cl Iue`lfhöe –Loustëe Dlrrhas‛.
<8>?. Flrtl `b Elrfhsa Xbpbs `ae`b fakbetl cl adrl –Èdlea‛ `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, prapaeb pudchflrcl be cl B`htarhlc Vfnatt, `b Lcbklehl.
<2:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<2<
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<26
<8>>, <> `b aftudrb. Furhthdl, Bstl`a `b Zlrleì, Drlshc.
<8>>, 48 `b eavhbkdrb. @lkls Irlefbsls `b Lsuefhöe. Vbrvhfha Fucturlc `b cl Bkdlml`l `b Irlefhl. Bc praorlkl hefcuyb adrls `b Tadbrt `b Yhsbb, fakpashtar irlefès.
<24
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
<8>>, <> `b aftudrb. Furhthdl, Bstl`a `b Zlrleì, Drlshc.
<8>>, 48 `b eavhbkdrb. @lkls Irlefbsls `b Lsuefhöe. Vbrvhfha Fucturlc `b cl Bkdlml`l `b Irlefhl. Bc praorlkl hefcuyb adrls `b Tadbrt `b Yhsbb, fakpashtar irlefès.
<24
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<26
<8>8, < `b mueha. Pbcborlkl `b Khoubc `b cas Vletas faerkle`a cl plrthfhplfhöe
`b Vhcl Oa`ay be bc praorlkl tbcbvhshva –Ouhtlrrl‛ `b PYB, mueta l Elrfhsa Xbpbs y l atras faeafh`as klbstras.
<8>8, Pbltra `bc Fbetra Zlrloulya Mlpaeès.
(`b cl plo. letbrhar, rbfartb `b lrrhdl) <8>8, khèrfacbs << `b bebra. @hlrha Ýcth- kl Narl . F.V.O. nlrì Fhfca `b Tbfhtlcbs par ta`a bc plës. Lusphfhl Zhcsbe. <ª Btlpl= Htì, Htluouì, Zlrloulrh, Xplflrlh, Chkpha, Fllfupè, Vle Dbrelr`hea. 4ª Btlpl= Faraebc Avhb`a, Yhcclrrhfl, Beflrelfhöe, Fhu`l` Zrbsh`betb Vtrabssebr, Zb`ra Mule Fldlccbra, betrb atrls. (`b cl plo. letbrhar, rbfartb `b ldlma) <8>8, cuebs > `b klya. @hlrha Ýcthkl Narl . Bc orle faefbrthstl bsplüac Elrfhsa Xbpbs vhshtl Lsuefhöe, airbfb ue Faefhbrta be bc FFZL y trldlml hetbeslkbetb fae F.V.O., be praybftas qub hefcuybe, par plrtb `bc klbstra bsplüac, cl orldlfhöe `b ue `hsfa fae kýshfl `bc Zlrlouly. <20
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<22
<8>8, < `b mueha. Pbcborlkl `b Khoubc `b cas Vletas faerkle`a cl plrthfhplfhöe
`b Vhcl Oa`ay be bc praorlkl tbcbvhshva –Ouhtlrrl‛ `b PYB, mueta l Elrfhsa Xbpbs y l atras faeafh`as klbstras.
<8>8, Pbltra `bc Fbetra Zlrloulya Mlpaeès.
(`b cl plo. letbrhar, rbfartb `b lrrhdl) <8>8, khèrfacbs << `b bebra. @hlrha Ýcth- kl Narl . F.V.O. nlrì Fhfca `b Tbfhtlcbs par ta`a bc plës. Lusphfhl Zhcsbe. <ª Btlpl= Htì, Htluouì, Zlrloulrh, Xplflrlh, Chkpha, Fllfupè, Vle Dbrelr`hea. 4ª Btlpl= Faraebc Avhb`a, Yhcclrrhfl, Beflrelfhöe, Fhu`l` Zrbsh`betb Vtrabssebr, Zb`ra Mule Fldlccbra, betrb atrls. (`b cl plo. letbrhar, rbfartb `b ldlma) <8>8, cuebs > `b klya. @hlrha Ýcthkl Narl . Bc orle faefbrthstl bsplüac Elrfhsa Xbpbs vhshtl Lsuefhöe, airbfb ue Faefhbrta be bc FFZL y trldlml hetbeslkbetb fae F.V.O., be praybftas qub hefcuybe, par plrtb `bc klbstra bsplüac, cl orldlfhöe `b ue `hsfa fae kýshfl `bc Zlrlouly. <20
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<22
Be bstb Zraorlkl sb kbefhael l Le`rès Vboavhl faka –rbfhbetbkbetb ilccbfh`a‛ , par ca tleta farrbspae`b l <8>? a l ue thbkpa `bspuès.
<8>8. Pbcborlkl `b F.V.O. l Tal Dlstas, fule`a èstb rbfhdhbrl bc Zrbkha Fbrvletbs.
<29
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<2?
Be bstb Zraorlkl sb kbefhael l Le`rès Vboavhl faka –rbfhbetbkbetb ilccbfh`a‛ , par ca tleta farrbspae`b l <8>? a l ue thbkpa `bspuès.
<8>8. Pbcborlkl `b F.V.O. l Tal Dlstas, fule`a èstb rbfhdhbrl bc Zrbkha Fbrvletbs.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
<29
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<2?
<8?8. Bchsl F. Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
<8>0. Letaeha Khoubc Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz.
<8?9. Ocl`ys Plehl Klrolrhtl Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz. Cls pastlcbs `b `hibrbetbs cuolrbs y cls bsqubcls brle iarkl fath`hlel `b fakuehflfhöe be eubstrl flsl. Vöca lcouels kubstrls.
Cl kbkarhl `b F.V.O., bmbrfhtl`l par bc klebma kbetlc `b ue vlstëshka rbpbrtarha `b plrthturls kushflcbs, tlkdhèe sb `bcbhtl be bc `bfhr `b saebtas, su plslthbkpa prb`hcbfta. Pleta su kl`rb, Dlshchl Bfnlurh Fìfbrbs, faka su nbrklea Ösflr _hc`b –Fnhefnhea‛ , nle `bslrraccl`a bsl lfhöe. Vhe ibfnl, Vaebtas, kleusfrhtas `b F.V.O. y `b cl lutarl, be kakbetas fakplrth`as. <2>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<28
<8?8. Bchsl F. Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
<8>0. Letaeha Khoubc Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz.
<8?9. Ocl`ys Plehl Klrolrhtl Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz. Cls pastlcbs `b `hibrbetbs cuolrbs y cls bsqubcls brle iarkl fath`hlel `b fakuehflfhöe be eubstrl flsl. Vöca lcouels kubstrls.
Cl kbkarhl `b F.V.O., bmbrfhtl`l par bc klebma kbetlc `b ue vlstëshka rbpbrtarha `b plrthturls kushflcbs, tlkdhèe sb `bcbhtl be bc `bfhr `b saebtas, su plslthbkpa prb`hcbfta. Pleta su kl`rb, Dlshchl Bfnlurh Fìfbrbs, faka su nbrklea Ösflr _hc`b –Fnhefnhea‛ , nle `bslrraccl`a bsl lfhöe. Vhe ibfnl, Vaebtas, kleusfrhtas `b F.V.O. y `b cl lutarl, be kakbetas fakplrth`as. <2>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<28
<88: l <888
<9:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<9<
<88: l <888
<9:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<9<
Ldubca kltbrea `b Vhcl Oa`ay, iue`l`ar, prbsh`betb y uea `b cas rb`lftarbs `b cas Bstltutas `b Bc Zarvbehr Oulhrbüa. Iata befaetrl`l be bc 4::?.
<88:, `b aftudrb. Ibfnl `b cl flrtl qub Mane _hcchlks bsfrhdb l F.V.O., be cl qub bc lilkl`a ouhtlrrhstl lorl`bfb lc klbstra F.V.O. bc bevëa `b plrthturls `b Loustëe Dlrrhas. M. _. orldö cas shouhbetbs `hsfas fae adrls `b Kleoarè= • Mane _hcchlks pclys Dlrrhas, <8?? • Mane _hcchlks Faccbfthae, <8?> • Clthe Lkbrhfle Ouhtlr Kushf dy Dlrrhas le` Zaefb, <88< • Pnb Oac`be Ouhtlr, <8>8 (1) • Pnb Orblt Zlrloulyle, <882, 4::2
<94
<884, sìdl`a << `b ldrhc. Pbltra Kuehfhplc. @hrbffhöe `b Fucturl Kuehfhplch`l` `b Vle Carbeza Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<96
Ldubca kltbrea `b Vhcl Oa`ay, iue`l`ar, prbsh`betb y uea `b cas rb`lftarbs `b cas Bstltutas `b Bc Zarvbehr Oulhrbüa. Iata befaetrl`l be bc 4::?.
<88:, `b aftudrb. Ibfnl `b cl flrtl qub Mane _hcchlks bsfrhdb l F.V.O., be cl qub bc lilkl`a ouhtlrrhstl lorl`bfb lc klbstra F.V.O. bc bevëa `b plrthturls `b Loustëe Dlrrhas. M. _. orldö cas shouhbetbs `hsfas fae adrls `b Kleoarè= • Mane _hcchlks pclys Dlrrhas, <8?? • Mane _hcchlks Faccbfthae, <8?> • Clthe Lkbrhfle Ouhtlr Kushf dy Dlrrhas le` Zaefb, <88< • Pnb Oac`be Ouhtlr, <8>8 (1) • Pnb Orblt Zlrloulyle, <882, 4::2
<94
<884, sìdl`a << `b ldrhc. Pbltra Kuehfhplc. @hrbffhöe `b Fucturl Kuehfhplch`l` `b Vle Carbeza Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<96
<884, cuebs 6: `b eavhbkdrb. @hlrha Eathfhls . Leuefha `b cl b`hfhöe `b 4 flssbttbs `b F.V.O., Lrlemubz y Kl`rholc. Bc `hsbüa `b tlpl `bc sbcca Kdlrlflpý iub rblchzl`a par Bchsl Oa`ay.
<88<, khèrfacbs <2 `b klya. Bc Lcflc`b `b Kl`rh` y be su eakdrb, bc @hrbftar `bc Fbetra Fucturlc `b cl Yhccl y bc Bkdlml`ar `bc Zlrlouly hevhtle lc Faefhbrta `b Ouhtlrrl `bc klbstra F.V.O. Lyuetlkhbeta `b Kl`rh`. Faefbmlcël `b Fucturl. Khbetrls F.V.O. sb befaetrldl rblchzle`a bstb trldlma be Bsplül, su bspasl, Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs `b Oa`ay, flb beibrkl bc 46 `b klya. Vhcl rborbsö l Lsuefhöe pbra, l pbslr `b cas bsiubrzas kè`hfas rblchzl`as,
<88<, <0 `b `hfhbkdrb. Plrmbtl `b Ihe `b Lüa slcu`le`a l Vhcl Oa`ay, `bs`b Kl`rh`, Vletas Dlyöe, sadrhea `b Vletas Nbreìe`bz. Rel ouhtlrrl `b ildrhflfhöe `b èstb ýcthka, `b <84<, lfakplüö `urletb kufna thbkpa l Vhcl be sus Faefhbrtas.
elckbetb sb pra`uma
su kubrtb bc 4> `b mueha `b <88<. <90
<886, `bc 6 lc <: `b mucha. Dlrrhas Faefbrt. Cakls Ylcbethels (bx 6ª) 68< flsh Fldlccbra. Vbklel heluourlc. Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<92
<884, cuebs 6: `b eavhbkdrb. @hlrha Eathfhls . Leuefha `b cl b`hfhöe `b 4 flssbttbs `b F.V.O., Lrlemubz y Kl`rholc. Bc `hsbüa `b tlpl `bc sbcca Kdlrlflpý iub rblchzl`a par Bchsl Oa`ay.
<88<, khèrfacbs <2 `b klya. Bc Lcflc`b `b Kl`rh` y be su eakdrb, bc @hrbftar `bc Fbetra Fucturlc `b cl Yhccl y bc Bkdlml`ar `bc Zlrlouly hevhtle lc Faefhbrta `b Ouhtlrrl `bc klbstra F.V.O. Lyuetlkhbeta `b Kl`rh`. Faefbmlcël `b Fucturl. Khbetrls F.V.O. sb befaetrldl rblchzle`a bstb trldlma be Bsplül, su bspasl, Tlkaehtl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs `b Oa`ay, flb beibrkl bc 46 `b klya. Vhcl rborbsö l Lsuefhöe pbra, l pbslr `b cas bsiubrzas kè`hfas rblchzl`as,
<88<, <0 `b `hfhbkdrb. Plrmbtl `b Ihe `b Lüa slcu`le`a l Vhcl Oa`ay, `bs`b Kl`rh`, Vletas Dlyöe, sadrhea `b Vletas Nbreìe`bz. Rel ouhtlrrl `b ildrhflfhöe `b èstb ýcthka, `b <84<, lfakplüö `urletb kufna thbkpa l Vhcl be sus Faefhbrtas.
elckbetb sb pra`uma
su kubrtb bc 4> `b mueha `b <88<. <90
<886, `bc 6 lc <: `b mucha. Dlrrhas Faefbrt. Cakls Ylcbethels (bx 6ª) 68< flsh Fldlccbra. Vbklel heluourlc. Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<92
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<9?
<4 `b aftudrb. Cl Flsl `b c l Fucturl iuefhaeldl be <0 `b Klya b/ Bc Zlrloulya He`bpbe`hbetb, be bc b`hfha qub letbrharkbetb iubrl sb`b `bc lethoua Facboha Khchtlr.
<99
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
<4 `b aftudrb. Cl Flsl `b c l Fucturl iuefhaeldl be <0 `b Klya b/ Bc Zlrloulya He`bpbe`hbetb, be bc b`hfha qub letbrharkbetb iubrl sb`b `bc lethoua Facboha Khchtlr.
<99
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<9?
Bc trldlma qub F.V.O. fakbezlrl be <800, l cl kubrtb `b Dlrrhas (vbr lüa <800), y qub faetheulrl l ca clroa `b ta`l su flrrbrl praibshaelc, pbrkhtb cl faeslorlfhöe `b cl ourl `b Dlrrhas be cl ouhtlrrësthfl
elfhaelc y kue`hlc. Fhefubetl lüas kìs tlr`b, bc Oadhbrea plrloulya faekbkarl, be <880, bc Lüa `b Kleoarè.
<9>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<98
Bc trldlma qub F.V.O. fakbezlrl be <800, l cl kubrtb `b Dlrrhas (vbr lüa <800), y qub faetheulrl l ca clroa `b ta`l su flrrbrl praibshaelc, pbrkhtb cl faeslorlfhöe `b cl ourl `b Dlrrhas be cl ouhtlrrësthfl
elfhaelc y kue`hlc. Fhefubetl lüas kìs tlr`b, bc Oadhbrea plrloulya faekbkarl, be <880, bc Lüa `b Kleoarè.
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Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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<880, vhbrebs 4> `b bebra. Vlcöe Zrbsh`befhlc , Natbc Oulrleë. Lüa `b Kleoarè . Marel`l heluourlc.
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<98
<880, vhbrebs 4> `b bebra. Vlcöe Zrbsh`befhlc, Natbc Oulrleë. Lüa `b Kleoarè. Marel`l heluourlc. Be rbful`ra, Luousta Tal Dlstas y Flya Vhcl Oa`ay.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
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<880, vhbrebs 4> `b bebra. Vlcöe Zrbsh`befhlc , Natbc Oulrleë. Lüa `b Kleoarè . Marel`l heluourlc.
<880, vhbrebs 4> `b bebra. Vlcöe Zrbsh`befhlc, Natbc Oulrleë. Lüa `b Kleoarè. Marel`l heluourlc. Be rbful`ra, Luousta Tal Dlstas y Flya Vhcl Oa`ay.
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
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<880, mubvbs `b eavhbkdrb. Faefhbrta airbfh`a par bc ouhtlrrhstl Mane _hcchlks be su ýehfl vhshtl l Lsuefhöe, Lüa `b Kleoarè.
<880, cuebs 4< `b eavhbkdrb. @hlrha ldf facar. Vae ilkasas cas lrrbocas qub Flya Vhcl Oa`ay fakpusa sadrb cls adrls arhohelcbs `bc klbstra Masè Lsuefhöe Icarbs, be eukbrasls apartueh`l`bs. 4
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
6
<880, mubvbs `b eavhbkdrb. Faefhbrta airbfh`a par bc ouhtlrrhstl Mane _hcchlks be su ýehfl vhshtl l Lsuefhöe, Lüa `b Kleoarè.
<880, cuebs 4< `b eavhbkdrb. @hlrha ldf facar. Vae ilkasas cas lrrbocas qub Flya Vhcl Oa`ay fakpusa sadrb cls adrls arhohelcbs `bc klbstra Masè Lsuefhöe Icarbs, be eukbrasls apartueh`l`bs. 4
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
6
<889, <2 `b loasta. Zlclfha `b Oadhbrea, Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly. Cl lutarl `bc chdra lfakplül l su pl`rb bc `ël be qub èstb iub fae`bfarl`a fae cl Ar`be `bc Kèrhta be bc orl`a `b Fakbe`l`ar .
<882, 48 `b aftudrb. Cl Lsafhlfhöe Kè`hfl Zlrloulyl be Khfnhole prbsbetö lc Klbstra Vhcl Oa`ay be bstb Faefhbrta be bc fulc iub uhchzl`l cl ouhtlrrl `bc cutnhbr bsplüac Vletas Nbreìe`bz, ildrhfl`l be <84<. 0
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
2
<889, <2 `b loasta. Zlclfha `b Oadhbrea, Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly. Cl lutarl `bc chdra lfakplül l su pl`rb bc `ël be qub èstb iub fae`bfarl`a fae cl Ar`be `bc Kèrhta be bc orl`a `b Fakbe`l`ar .
<882, 48 `b aftudrb. Cl Lsafhlfhöe Kè`hfl Zlrloulyl be Khfnhole prbsbetö lc Klbstra Vhcl Oa`ay be bstb Faefhbrta be bc fulc iub uhchzl`l cl ouhtlrrl `bc cutnhbr bsplüac Vletas Nbreìe`bz, ildrhfl`l be <84<. Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
0
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<88?, 6 `b klya. Ilccbfb bc ouhtlrrhstl bsplüac Elrfhsa Xbpbs, qub nldël lftul`a be Lsuefhöe bc > `b klya `b <8>8 (vbr), hetbrprbtle`a be bsl aflshöe, be ue faefhbrta drhe`l`a be bc Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea, –Cl Fltb`rlc‛ , `b Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas. Be <8>? (vbr) nldël klehibstl`a hetbrès be cl adrl –Èdlea‛ , `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay= –pub`a yl `bfhrcb qub cl taflrè kufna par bc kue- `a y qub sh l R`. cb hetbrbsl, sb pudchflrì be cl b`htarhlc b`htarhlc Vfnatt `b Lcbklehl.‛ .
<88?, klrtbs 4< `b bebra. @hlrha Ýcthkl Narl . Ibsthvlc `bc Xgul Daclüas be Fllzlpì . Leuefhl lftulfhöe `bc klbstra Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, betrb atras lrthstls.
@ae`b `hfb –Hetbrprbtlfhöe‛ , `bdb lorbolrsb qub bc lrrboca `b –Olcchta Fletar‛ , `b Masè Lsuefhöe Icarbs tlkdhèe iub nbfna par F.V.O.
Zradldcbkbetb <889. Bc Fcud Bkhchlea T. Ibreìe`bz hevhtl l cl Ihbstl `b Vle Mule fae bc klbstra Vhcl Oa`ay, –bspb- fhlchstl be Fasbrbvì y Kdbyý‛ . 9
2
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
?
<88?, 6 `b klya. Ilccbfb bc ouhtlrrhstl bsplüac Elrfhsa Xbpbs, qub nldël lftul`a be Lsuefhöe bc > `b klya `b <8>8 (vbr), hetbrprbtle`a be bsl aflshöe, be ue faefhbrta drhe`l`a be bc Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya Lkbrhflea, –Cl Fltb`rlc‛ , `b Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas. Be <8>? (vbr) nldël klehibstl`a hetbrès be cl adrl –Èdlea‛ , `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay= –pub`a yl `bfhrcb qub cl taflrè kufna par bc kue- `a y qub sh l R`. cb hetbrbsl, sb pudchflrì be cl b`htarhlc b`htarhlc Vfnatt `b Lcbklehl.‛ .
<88?, klrtbs 4< `b bebra. @hlrha Ýcthkl Narl . Ibsthvlc `bc Xgul Daclüas be Fllzlpì . Leuefhl lftulfhöe `bc klbstra Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, betrb atras lrthstls.
@ae`b `hfb –Hetbrprbtlfhöe‛ , `bdb lorbolrsb qub bc lrrboca `b –Olcchta Fletar‛ , `b Masè Lsuefhöe Icarbs tlkdhèe iub nbfna par F.V.O.
Zradldcbkbetb <889. Bc Fcud Bkhchlea T. Ibreìe`bz hevhtl l cl Ihbstl `b Vle Mule fae bc klbstra Vhcl Oa`ay, –bspb- fhlchstl be Fasbrbvì y Kdbyý‛ . 9
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Cl cldar `b `hiushöe `bslrraccl`l par Vhcl Oa`ay tleta l ehvbc hetbrelfhaelc, faka l ehvbc elfhaelc, be `hibrbetbs ohrls, fnlrcls, faeibrbefhls faeibrbefhls y
F lya V hcl O a`ay
?
<888. Flya Vhcl Oa`ay hehfhl cas fhfcas `b prbsbetlfhaebs `b lrthstls elfhaelcbs, lusphfhl`as par cl Faapbrlthvl Rehvbrshtlrhl, be Lsuefhöe y Tbohaelcbs `bc hetbrhar. Bstl ka`lch`l` sb klethbeb nlstl nay `ël, fae atras lrthstls.
faefhbrtas, sb vb rbbml`l
be bstls pudchflfhaebs.
Vhcl Oa`ay fae bc klbstra Birèe Bfnbvbrrël.
>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
8
Cl cldar `b `hiushöe `bslrraccl`l par Vhcl Oa`ay tleta l ehvbc hetbrelfhaelc, faka l ehvbc elfhaelc, be `hibrbetbs ohrls, fnlrcls, faeibrbefhls faeibrbefhls y
<888. Flya Vhcl Oa`ay hehfhl cas fhfcas `b prbsbetlfhaebs `b lrthstls elfhaelcbs, lusphfhl`as par cl Faapbrlthvl Rehvbrshtlrhl, be Lsuefhöe y Tbohaelcbs `bc hetbrhar. Bstl ka`lch`l` sb klethbeb nlstl nay `ël, fae atras lrthstls.
faefhbrtas, sb vb rbbml`l
be bstls pudchflfhaebs.
Vhcl Oa`ay fae bc klbstra Birèe Bfnbvbrrël.
>
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
8
<888. Lcoueas rbfartbs `b pbrhö`hfas, fae flcbe`lrhas `b faefhbrtas be cas `hibrbetbs cuolrbs be cas qub cl Faapbrlthvl Rehvbrshtlrhl thbeb sus Tbohaelcbs y Vufurslcbs. <888, 0 `b sbthbkdrb. Vhcl, mueta l Elrfhsa Xbpbs. Be sus afnbetl lüas, F.V.O. faeafhö l hkpartletbs frbl`arbs b hetèrprbtbs faka Icarbs, Mane _hcchlks, Le`rès Vboavhl betrb atras. Tbfartb `b @hlrha ldf Facar .
<>:
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<8?6. Vhcl Oa`ay l su rborbsa `b sus vhlmbs par bc kue`a. Bc ouhtlrrhstl rblchzö ohrls par plësbs `b Lkèrhfl, Burapl, Lshl y Afbleël.
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<888. Lcoueas rbfartbs `b pbrhö`hfas, fae flcbe`lrhas `b faefhbrtas be cas `hibrbetbs cuolrbs be cas qub cl Faapbrlthvl Rehvbrshtlrhl thbeb sus Tbohaelcbs y Vufurslcbs. <888, 0 `b sbthbkdrb. Vhcl, mueta l Elrfhsa Xbpbs. Be sus afnbetl lüas, F.V.O. faeafhö l hkpartletbs frbl`arbs b hetèrprbtbs faka Icarbs, Mane _hcchlks, Le`rès Vboavhl betrb atras. Tbfartb `b @hlrha ldf Facar .
<>:
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<8?6. Vhcl Oa`ay l su rborbsa `b sus vhlmbs par bc kue`a. Bc ouhtlrrhstl rblchzö ohrls par plësbs `b Lkèrhfl, Burapl, Lshl y Afbleël.
F lya V hcl O a`ay
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4::: l 4::?
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<>6
4::: l 4::?
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Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<>6
4:::. Bchsl y Vhcl be bc Fliè Chtbrlrha. 4:::. Bc Fliè Chtbrlrha shrvhö `b bsfbelrha plrl lkbels tbrtuchls be cls qub sb `hsirutldl cl cbfturl `b pabkls, fubetas y cls hetbrprbtlfhaebs `bc Klbstra Oa`ay.
4:::. Bstb faefhbrta iub rblchzl`a be bc Vnappheo `bc Vac fae lffbsa chdrb y orltuhta.
Bc ouhtlrrhstl plrloulya Vhcl Oa`ay fakpusa uel hkpartletb phbzl `b Faefhbrta plrl Ouhtlrrl, be nakbelmb l Mlel Vzbebs y cl bmb futö par prhkbrl vbz be bc lüa <80? be cl Rehöe Nbdrlhfl `b Dubeas Lhrbs. Bs cl ýehfl phbzl qub sb faeafb be nakbelmb l bstl prhkbrl nbraëel `bc Hsrlbc ka`brea. @b cl fhu`l` `b Fbslrbl, vbrsas be bsplüac y be nbdrba, iubrae faesbouh`as par cl lutarl `urletb su bstl`ël be Hsrlbc, be <880, plrl F.V.O.
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
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4:::. Bchsl y Vhcl be bc Fliè Chtbrlrha. 4:::. Bc Fliè Chtbrlrha shrvhö `b bsfbelrha plrl lkbels tbrtuchls be cls qub sb `hsirutldl cl cbfturl `b pabkls, fubetas y cls hetbrprbtlfhaebs `bc Klbstra Oa`ay.
4:::. Bstb faefhbrta iub rblchzl`a be bc Vnappheo `bc Vac fae lffbsa chdrb y orltuhta.
Bc ouhtlrrhstl plrloulya Vhcl Oa`ay fakpusa uel hkpartletb phbzl `b Faefhbrta plrl Ouhtlrrl, be nakbelmb l Mlel Vzbebs y cl bmb futö par prhkbrl vbz be bc lüa <80? be cl Rehöe Nbdrlhfl `b Dubeas Lhrbs. Bs cl ýehfl phbzl qub sb faeafb be nakbelmb l bstl prhkbrl nbraëel `bc Hsrlbc ka`brea. @b cl fhu`l` `b Fbslrbl, vbrsas be bsplüac y be nbdrba, iubrae faesbouh`as par cl lutarl `urletb su bstl`ël be Hsrlbc, be <880, plrl F.V.O.
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
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4::4. Bc Klbstra Cuhs Vzl4::<. Vhcl Oa`ay, l cas >< lüas. Faefhbrta be bc Pbltra `bc Dlefa Fbetrlc `bc Zlrlouly. Klbstra pbrulea Tlýc Olrfël ]ìrltb.
rìe sb rbbrb l F.V.O. faka
–bc ýehfa kýshfa hetbcbftulc be 4::<. Tbprbsbetletbs `b ta`ls cls bsfubcls `b ouhtlrrl `bc plës sb nlfbe prbsbetbs cl nhstarhl `bc Zlrlouly ‛. plrl rbe`hr nakbelmb lc klbstra be bc Pbltra Kuehfhplc `b Vle Carbeza.
4::4. Cl kbsl hefchel`l, cl cìkplrl `b cuz be bc bstu`ha y cl ltbetl adsbrvlfhöe `b plrthturls kushflcbs. Vhcl Oa`ay, l cas >4 lüas, be uel betrbvhstl nbfnl be su `akhfhcha udhfl`a be bsb betaefbs lc <.<69 `b cl flccb Ptb. <˝ Yhcclklyar. (letbrharkbetb Ybcìzqubz <.<69).
4::6, ldf Facar. <>9
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
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4::4. Bc Klbstra Cuhs Vzl4::<. Vhcl Oa`ay, l cas >< lüas. Faefhbrta be bc Pbltra `bc Dlefa Fbetrlc `bc Zlrlouly. Klbstra pbrulea Tlýc Olrfël ]ìrltb.
rìe sb rbbrb l F.V.O. faka
–bc ýehfa kýshfa hetbcbftulc be 4::<. Tbprbsbetletbs `b ta`ls cls bsfubcls `b ouhtlrrl `bc plës sb nlfbe prbsbetbs cl nhstarhl `bc Zlrlouly ‛. plrl rbe`hr nakbelmb lc klbstra be bc Pbltra Kuehfhplc `b Vle Carbeza.
4::4. Cl kbsl hefchel`l, cl cìkplrl `b cuz be bc bstu`ha y cl ltbetl adsbrvlfhöe `b plrthturls kushflcbs. Vhcl Oa`ay, l cas >4 lüas, be uel betrbvhstl nbfnl be su `akhfhcha udhfl`a be bsb betaefbs lc <.<69 `b cl flccb Ptb. <˝ Yhcclklyar. (letbrharkbetb Ybcìzqubz <.<69).
4::6, ldf Facar. <>9
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4::2. Bc hetbesa irha ea hkph`hö cl prbsbefhl `bc Klbstra Vhcl Oa`ay be cl rbheluourlfhöe `bc dusta `b Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas, Kleoarè, udhfl`a be bc Zlrqub Fldlccbra `b Lsuefhöe.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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4::0, 0 `b `hfhbkdrb. Ilkhchlrbs, lkhoas y lrthstls lfu`hbrae l slcu`lr lc Klbstra Vhcl Oa`ay cl eafnb be qub sb fbcbdra bc >2˝ Lehvbrslrha `b su elfhbkhbeta (0 `b `hfhbkdrb `b <8<8). Bc lfta tuva cuolr be bc Tbstlurletb Lustrhl, bc 2 `b
`hfhbkdb `b 4::0, lc khska lshsthö bc bsfrhtar Luousta Tal Dlstas.
4::0. L cas >0 lüas, Flya Vhcl Oa`ay airbfb cl apartueh`l` `b lshsthr l ue fursa orltuhta `b pbribffhaelkhbeta `b ouhtlrrl fcìshfl `hrhoh`a l mövbebs y pbrsaels klyarbs fae faeafhkhbetas kushflcbs. <>>
F lya V hcl O a`ay
Yacletb ltbkparlc.
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<>8
4::2. Bc hetbesa irha ea hkph`hö cl prbsbefhl `bc Klbstra Vhcl Oa`ay be cl rbheluourlfhöe `bc dusta `b Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas, Kleoarè, udhfl`a be bc Zlrqub Fldlccbra `b Lsuefhöe.
4::0, 0 `b `hfhbkdrb. Ilkhchlrbs, lkhoas y lrthstls lfu`hbrae l slcu`lr lc Klbstra Vhcl Oa`ay cl eafnb be qub sb fbcbdra bc >2˝ Lehvbrslrha `b su elfhbkhbeta (0 `b `hfhbkdrb `b <8<8). Bc lfta tuva cuolr be bc Tbstlurletb Lustrhl, bc 2 `b
`hfhbkdb `b 4::0, lc khska lshsthö bc bsfrhtar Luousta Tal Dlstas.
4::0. L cas >0 lüas, Flya Vhcl Oa`ay airbfb cl apartueh`l` `b lshsthr l ue fursa orltuhta `b pbribffhaelkhbeta `b ouhtlrrl fcìshfl `hrhoh`a l mövbebs y pbrsaels klyarbs fae faeafhkhbetas kushflcbs. <>>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
Yacletb ltbkparlc.
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<>8
4::2. Betrbvhstl nbfnl par cl pbrha`hstl lcbklel Klrbbe Kóncb be cl flsl `b Vhcl Oa`ay plrl bc pbrha`hfa Lgtubccb Tue`sfnlu.
Bchsl `hrhohbe`a cls adrls `b lfae`hfhaelkhbeta `b cl eubvl vhvhbe`l l sbr nldhtl`l par F.V.O. l plrthr `b loasta `b 4::2. 4::0. Bstb faefhbrta sb rblchzö fbcbdrle`a cas >2 lüas `bc Klbstra Vhcl Oa`ay. <8:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
4::?. Dafbta `b caoathpa plrl sbcca `hsfaorìfa nbfna
par Vhcl Oa`ay be su flsl sadrb cl flccb T.F.6 Febc. Kaeobcös E˝ ?2?.
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<8<
4::2. Betrbvhstl nbfnl par cl pbrha`hstl lcbklel Klrbbe Kóncb be cl flsl `b Vhcl Oa`ay plrl bc pbrha`hfa Lgtubccb Tue`sfnlu.
Bchsl `hrhohbe`a cls adrls `b lfae`hfhaelkhbeta `b cl eubvl vhvhbe`l l sbr nldhtl`l par F.V.O. l plrthr `b loasta `b 4::2. 4::0. Bstb faefhbrta sb rblchzö fbcbdrle`a cas >2 lüas `bc Klbstra Vhcl Oa`ay. <8:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
<84
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
4::?. Dafbta `b caoathpa plrl sbcca `hsfaorìfa nbfna
par Vhcl Oa`ay be su flsl sadrb cl flccb T.F.6 Febc. Kaeobcös E˝ ?2?.
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<8<
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<86
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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LCOREAV @B CAV LRPATBV
LKBTHFLEAV
Manlee Vbdlsthìe Vbdlsthìe Dlfn _acioleo _acioleo Lkl`bsus Kazlrt Cu`who vle Dbbtnavbe Obaro Irhb`rhfn Nlbe`bc Durokóccbr Cbapac`a _bhss Irlez Vfnudbrt Tadbrt Vfnuklee
Letaeha Clura Nbhtar Yhccl-Cadas Kleubc K. Zaefb Ta`rëoubz Zlybt Kf @awbcc Fnlrcbs B. Hvbs Cbaelr` Dbrestbhe Klrtëebz Ayleourbe
Masbpn Nly`e Ohuchleh L. Vflrcltth @akbehfa Vflrcltth
L. Vheöpach Muchìe Louhrrb Ltlnulcpl Xuplequh Zlfa Zèrbz
Tadbrt `b Yhsbb Elpacböe Fastb Bkhcha Zumac Tbohea Vlhez `b cl Klzl Kleubc `b Ilccl Cuhs Khcle Lciaesa Ku`lrrl Cuhs `b Elvlbs Ibrele`a Var Irlefhsfa Plrrbol Berhqub Orlel`as Malquëe Ta`rhoa Malquëe Purhel Hsllf Lcdèehz Ib`brhfa Karbea Parradl Olsplr Vlez
F lya V hcl O a`ay
Flprhfna Flefhöe Ëethkl Arlfhöe l Plehl Mlel Vbebsfn Flefhöe `b fuel Nldlebrl Zacfl Ihbstl Flkpbshel Pac`brël(s) Xkì oulrè Ylcs Flefhöe l tu rbfubr`a 0 Zhbzls plrl Ouhtlrrl 2 Zhbzls plrl Ouhtlrrl Zrbcu`ha plrl Lchfb Orle Iletlsël Varthcboha Èdlea Èxtlshs Kltb lklroa Cls Klrolrhtls Prbs Fnltas Zrbcu`ha
ZLTLORLXAV Loustëe Dlrrhas Kleoarb M.L.Icarbs Lkpbcha Yhcclcdl Ièchx Zèrbz Flr`aza Ibrele`a Thvlracl Masè `bc Taslrha @hlrtb @hlrtb Flya Vhcl Oa`ay
LCOREAV @B CAV LTTBOCAV @B FLXA VHCL OA@AX
LRPATBV LEÖEHKAV @B @HIBTBEPBV VHOCAV, OÈEBTAV X BVPHCAV
Taklefb Bsplüac, leöehka Ylrhlfhaebs sadrb cl Yh`lchtl, Vheöpach Cas bmbs `b kh flrrbtl, Ltlnulcpl Xuplequh Prhstb Ea. 0 (Prlesfrhpfhöe), Muchìe Louhrrb Pa l whc` rasb, Kf @awbcc L Vusle Gycb, Cbaelr` Dbrestbhe He`hl, Masè Lsuefhöe Icarbs Olcchta Fletar, Masè Lsuefhöe Icarbs Fnacë, Masè Lsuefhöe Icarbs E`b rbe`lpb lyý, Masè Lsuefhöe Icarbs Flrrbtl Oóh, Lutar leöehka Zìmlra Flkplel Facarl`a, Kathva papuclr Klkapl rbmna Masbil, Masè `bc Taslrha @hlrtb Icarhpl-kh, Ibrele`a Thvlracl Cuel `b ^bclmu, Zlfa Zèrbz
ORHPLTTLV RPHCH]L@LV Vleturhöe Klrtëebz @haehsha Orlfhl Ta`acia Flklfna Yhbrl Oìcvbz Masè Tlkërbz Mule Zhkbetlc Vletas Nbrele`bz Fnìvbz Kleoarè Xlklnl Gaea
<80
<86
LCORELV @B CLV FAKZAVHFHAEBV @B FLXA VHCL OA@AX
HEPBTZTBPL@AV ZAT FLXA VHCL OA@AX
BRTAZBAV
Lrfleobca Farbcch Ehfaca Zloleheh Yhefbeza Olchcbh Mble Znhcchppb Tlkblu Tlkblu
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<82
LCOREAV @B CAV LRPATBV BRTAZBAV
LKBTHFLEAV
Manlee Vbdlsthìe Vbdlsthìe Dlfn _acioleo _acioleo Lkl`bsus Kazlrt Cu`who vle Dbbtnavbe Obaro Irhb`rhfn Nlbe`bc Durokóccbr Cbapac`a _bhss Irlez Vfnudbrt Tadbrt Vfnuklee
Letaeha Clura Nbhtar Yhccl-Cadas Kleubc K. Zaefb Ta`rëoubz Zlybt Kf @awbcc Fnlrcbs B. Hvbs Cbaelr` Dbrestbhe Klrtëebz Ayleourbe
Masbpn Nly`e Ohuchleh L. Vflrcltth @akbehfa Vflrcltth
L. Vheöpach Muchìe Louhrrb Ltlnulcpl Xuplequh Zlfa Zèrbz
Lrfleobca Farbcch Ehfaca Zloleheh Yhefbeza Olchcbh Mble Znhcchppb Tlkblu Tlkblu Tadbrt `b Yhsbb Elpacböe Fastb Bkhcha Zumac Tbohea Vlhez `b cl Klzl Kleubc `b Ilccl Cuhs Khcle Lciaesa Ku`lrrl Cuhs `b Elvlbs Ibrele`a Var Irlefhsfa Plrrbol Berhqub Orlel`as Malquëe Ta`rhoa Malquëe Purhel Hsllf Lcdèehz Ib`brhfa Karbea Parradl Olsplr Vlez
LCORELV @B CLV FAKZAVHFHAEBV @B FLXA VHCL OA@AX
HEPBTZTBPL@AV ZAT FLXA VHCL OA@AX
Flprhfna Flefhöe Ëethkl Arlfhöe l Plehl Mlel Vbebsfn Flefhöe `b fuel Nldlebrl Zacfl Ihbstl Flkpbshel Pac`brël(s) Xkì oulrè Ylcs Flefhöe l tu rbfubr`a 0 Zhbzls plrl Ouhtlrrl 2 Zhbzls plrl Ouhtlrrl Zrbcu`ha plrl Lchfb Orle Iletlsël Varthcboha Èdlea Èxtlshs Kltb lklroa Cls Klrolrhtls Prbs Fnltas Zrbcu`ha
ZLTLORLXAV Loustëe Dlrrhas Kleoarb M.L.Icarbs Lkpbcha Yhcclcdl Ièchx Zèrbz Flr`aza Ibrele`a Thvlracl Masè `bc Taslrha @hlrtb @hlrtb Flya Vhcl Oa`ay
LCOREAV @B CAV LTTBOCAV @B FLXA VHCL OA@AX
LRPATBV LEÖEHKAV @B @HIBTBEPBV VHOCAV, OÈEBTAV X BVPHCAV
Taklefb Bsplüac, leöehka Ylrhlfhaebs sadrb cl Yh`lchtl, Vheöpach Cas bmbs `b kh flrrbtl, Ltlnulcpl Xuplequh Prhstb Ea. 0 (Prlesfrhpfhöe), Muchìe Louhrrb Pa l whc` rasb, Kf @awbcc L Vusle Gycb, Cbaelr` Dbrestbhe He`hl, Masè Lsuefhöe Icarbs Olcchta Fletar, Masè Lsuefhöe Icarbs Fnacë, Masè Lsuefhöe Icarbs E`b rbe`lpb lyý, Masè Lsuefhöe Icarbs Flrrbtl Oóh, Lutar leöehka Zìmlra Flkplel Facarl`a, Kathva papuclr Klkapl rbmna Masbil, Masè `bc Taslrha @hlrtb Icarhpl-kh, Ibrele`a Thvlracl Cuel `b ^bclmu, Zlfa Zèrbz
ORHPLTTLV RPHCH]L@LV Vleturhöe Klrtëebz @haehsha Orlfhl Ta`acia Flklfna Yhbrl Oìcvbz Masè Tlkërbz Mule Zhkbetlc Vletas Nbrele`bz Fnìvbz Kleoarè Xlklnl Gaea
<80
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<82
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<8?
Ylcs, uel `b cls fakpashshfhaebs `b F.V.O., ibfnl`l be bc lüa <88<. Cl `b`hfltarhl l Thflr`a Zaza Zlclfhas, ouhtlrrhstl slcvl`arbüa, ccbvl ibfnl `bc lüa 4:::. <89
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
Ylcs, uel `b cls fakpashshfhaebs `b F.V.O., ibfnl`l be bc lüa <88<. Cl `b`hfltarhl l Thflr`a Zaza Zlclfhas, ouhtlrrhstl slcvl`arbüa, ccbvl ibfnl `bc lüa 4:::. <89
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
<8>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<8?
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<88
<8>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
<88
HEPBTBVLEPBV @AFRKBEPAV NLCCL@AV ZLTL CL VBORE@L B@HFHÖE
@hibrbetbs èpafls. Cl orle ouhtlrrhstl lrobethel lrobethel Faesubca Klcca Cöpbz, fae facbols, lcukels y lcukeas `b su LFL@BKHL VRZBTHAT @B ORHPLTTL ‛FAEVRBCA KLCCA CÖZB]‛, qub iuefhaeldl be cl flccb Mumuy e½ >96 `b cl fhu`l` `b Dubeas Lhrbs (vbr pìo. 0?).
Nlfhl <80>. @hsfa Zlkpl. Orldl`a be Dubeas Lhrbs. Faethbeb= @lezl Zlrloulyl y Cls Ldbmls, `b Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas, Kleoarè7 Mulel `b Clrl, `b Lkpbcha Yhcclcdl (ýehfl orldlfhöe, orldlfhöe, nlstl cl ibfnl) y Ihbstl Flkpbshel, `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, hetèrprbtb `b cls adrls.
Lcrb`b`ar `b <8>:. Flya Vhcl Oa`ay vhshtl l su klbstrl `b pbribffhaelkhbeta. Cas lfakplül bc bspasa `b Faesubca.
Nlfhl <80>. B`hfhöe `b Ihbstl Flkpbshel, fakpashfhöe `b FVO. Hkprbsl be cl Tfl. Lrobethel
Iatas, fartbsël `b Zltrhfhl @h Cbrehl, ouhtlrrhstl lrobethel, praibsarl elfhaelc `b ouhtlrrl. Vu trldlma `b tbs hs, sadrb Faesubca Klcca Cöpbz, iub prbsbetl`a be bc HREL, (Hesthtuta Rehvbrshtlrha Elfhaelc `b Lrtb).
4::
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4:<
HEPBTBVLEPBV @AFRKBEPAV NLCCL@AV ZLTL CL VBORE@L B@HFHÖE
@hibrbetbs èpafls. Cl orle ouhtlrrhstl lrobethel lrobethel Faesubca Klcca Cöpbz, fae facbols, lcukels y lcukeas `b su LFL@BKHL VRZBTHAT @B ORHPLTTL ‛FAEVRBCA KLCCA CÖZB]‛, qub iuefhaeldl be cl flccb Mumuy e½ >96 `b cl fhu`l` `b Dubeas Lhrbs (vbr pìo. 0?).
Nlfhl <80>. @hsfa Zlkpl. Orldl`a be Dubeas Lhrbs. Faethbeb= @lezl Zlrloulyl y Cls Ldbmls, `b Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas, Kleoarè7 Mulel `b Clrl, `b Lkpbcha Yhcclcdl (ýehfl orldlfhöe, orldlfhöe, nlstl cl ibfnl) y Ihbstl Flkpbshel, `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, hetèrprbtb `b cls adrls.
Lcrb`b`ar `b <8>:. Flya Vhcl Oa`ay vhshtl l su klbstrl `b pbribffhaelkhbeta. Cas lfakplül bc bspasa `b Faesubca.
Nlfhl <80>. B`hfhöe `b Ihbstl Flkpbshel, fakpashfhöe `b FVO. Hkprbsl be cl Tfl. Lrobethel
Iatas, fartbsël `b Zltrhfhl @h Cbrehl, ouhtlrrhstl lrobethel, praibsarl elfhaelc `b ouhtlrrl. Vu trldlma `b tbs hs, sadrb Faesubca Klcca Cöpbz, iub prbsbetl`a be bc HREL, (Hesthtuta Rehvbrshtlrha Elfhaelc `b Lrtb).
4::
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
4:<
<82?. Flrtl `b Luousta Tal Dlstas, `bs`b Dubeas Lhrbs, l Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, be Lsuefhöe.
<802. Flrtl `b Luousta Tal Dlstas `bs`b Lsuefhöe, l Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, be Dubeas Lhrbs.
4:4
F lya V hcl O a`ay
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4:6
<82?. Flrtl `b Luousta Tal Dlstas, `bs`b Dubeas Lhrbs, l Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, be Lsuefhöe.
<802. Flrtl `b Luousta Tal Dlstas `bs`b Lsuefhöe, l Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, be Dubeas Lhrbs.
4:4
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4:6
<828. Klehbstl hetbrès par cl prasbfufhöe `b cas trldlmas plrl cl fuckhelfhöe `bc b`hfha `bc Pbltra `b Cöpbz. <820. Flrtl `b Bvlrhsta Oa`ay Lciaesa, pl`rb `b Vhcl. Kbefhael l Lkpbcha Yhcclcdl, Loustëe Dlrrhas, Kleubc Artëz Oubrrbra. @hrhoh`l l Eltlchfha Fnlsb Vasl.
4:0
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4:2
<828. Klehbstl hetbrès par cl prasbfufhöe `b cas trldlmas plrl cl fuckhelfhöe `bc b`hfha `bc Pbltra `b Cöpbz. <820. Flrtl `b Bvlrhsta Oa`ay Lciaesa, pl`rb `b Vhcl. Kbefhael l Lkpbcha Yhcclcdl, Loustëe Dlrrhas, Kleubc Artëz Oubrrbra. @hrhoh`l l Eltlchfha Fnlsb Vasl.
4:0
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4:2
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4:?
<8?: ‖ <8?<. Faefhbrtas `b Vhcl Oa`ay, _lcclfb Gbh`brcheo, be bsb betaefbs @hrbftar `bc Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya-Lkbrhflea, Zlrloulya-Lkbrhflea, y Zlucl Klee, bstu`hletb eartblkbrhflel qub rbsh`ël be Lsuefhöe.
4:9
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
<8?: ‖ <8?<. Faefhbrtas `b Vhcl Oa`ay, _lcclfb Gbh`brcheo, be bsb betaefbs @hrbftar `bc Fbetra Fucturlc Zlrloulya-Lkbrhflea, Zlrloulya-Lkbrhflea, y Zlucl Klee, bstu`hletb eartblkbrhflel qub rbsh`ël be Lsuefhöe.
4:9
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4:?
<8>?. Flrlfls, Ybebzubcl.
<8??. Flrtl `bc @r. Berhqub Vblcc l FVO. @ltas sadrb M. L. Icarbs plrl ue chdra qub Vhcl prbplrldl sadrb bc frbl`ar `b cl Oulrlehl
<8>>. Flrtl `b Tadbrt M. Yh`lc, pra`uftar `b Tl`ha Irlefb, Irlefb, l FVO. 4:>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4:8
<8>?. Flrlfls, Ybebzubcl.
<8??. Flrtl `bc @r. Berhqub Vblcc l FVO. @ltas sadrb M. L. Icarbs plrl ue chdra qub Vhcl prbplrldl sadrb bc frbl`ar `b cl Oulrlehl
<8>>. Flrtl `b Tadbrt M. Yh`lc, pra`uftar `b Tl`ha Irlefb, Irlefb, l FVO. 4:>
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4:8
Vhe ibfnl. Leol¨u. Zabkl `b @r. Flrcas Ib`brhfa Ldbetb, `b`hfl`a l FVO. Be bc chdra GHTHTH VLZRGLH, fae hcustrlfhaebs `bc lrthstl plrloulya Berhqub Facclr. <8>?. Flrtl `b Vhohskue` Irnr. Yae Drlue bxprbsle`a faefbptas cuboa `b ue faefhbrta `b FVO be Daee, be bsb betaefbs, flphtlc `bLcbklehl.
4<:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4<<
Vhe ibfnl. Leol¨u. Zabkl `b @r. Flrcas Ib`brhfa Ldbetb, `b`hfl`a l FVO. Be bc chdra GHTHTH VLZRGLH, fae hcustrlfhaebs `bc lrthstl plrloulya Berhqub Facclr. <8>?. Flrtl `b Vhohskue` Irnr. Yae Drlue bxprbsle`a faefbptas cuboa `b ue faefhbrta `b FVO be Daee, be bsb betaefbs, flphtlc `bLcbklehl.
4<:
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4<<
4::0. Zrbkha hesthtuh`a par bc Za`br Bmbfuthva be bc fbetbelrha `bc elfhkhbeta `bc frbl`ar `b cl Oulrlehl.
4::8. –Vb `bfclrl Nhma @hcbfta `b Kh shaebs lc klbstra FVO‛. L`bkìs `b cas kbefhael`as be bc bphorlib `b cl iata, lplrbfbe tlkdhèe cl lrquhtbftl Fcbkbetl `b Flcldrbsb Flcldrbsb y bc @r. Birlëe Berhqubz Olkae.
4::8. Vupcbkbeta Fucturlc LDF facar, Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly.
4<4
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4<6
4::0. Zrbkha hesthtuh`a par bc Za`br Bmbfuthva be bc fbetbelrha `bc elfhkhbeta `bc frbl`ar `b cl Oulrlehl.
4::8. –Vb `bfclrl Nhma @hcbfta `b Kh shaebs lc klbstra FVO‛. L`bkìs `b cas kbefhael`as be bc bphorlib `b cl iata, lplrbfbe tlkdhèe cl lrquhtbftl Fcbkbetl `b Flcldrbsb Flcldrbsb y bc @r. Birlëe Berhqubz Olkae.
4::8. Vupcbkbeta Fucturlc LDF facar, Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly.
4<4
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4<6
4:<<. Ìcduk `bc Dhfbetbelrha `b cl He`bpbe`befhl Elfhaelc. H`bl, @hrbffhöe y Faar`helfhöe Obebrlc= @r. Birlëe Berëqubz Olköe.
4:<:. Vìdl`a <6 `b ibdrbra, `hlrha Ýcthkl Narl. Hkpartletb lfclrlfhöe `b Mule Flrcas May.
4<0
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4<2
4:<<. Ìcduk `bc Dhfbetbelrha `b cl He`bpbe`befhl Elfhaelc. H`bl, @hrbffhöe y Faar`helfhöe Obebrlc= @r. Birlëe Berëqubz Olköe.
4:<:. Vìdl`a <6 `b ibdrbra, `hlrha Ýcthkl Narl. Hkpartletb lfclrlfhöe `b Mule Flrcas May.
4<0
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4<2
4:<6. Vìdl`a << `b klya, `hlrha Ýcthkl Narl. Hrbeba Vìefnbz Ybcasa, lrthstl plrloulya rbsh`betb be Kèxhfa, betrbol plrthturls `bc klbstra FVO.
4:<4-4:<6. Flrtl `b Bchsl Oa`ay `b Ouchea l cl prbsh`betl lrobethel Frhsthel Ibreìe`bz `b Ghrfnebr. Zrapaeb cl frblfhöe `b ue bsplfha `bsthel`a l naerlr cl kbkarhl `b Faesubca Klcca Cöpbz be cl sb`b cl cl Bkdlml`l Lrobethel be Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly. Zlrlouly. Ccbvl sbcca `b rbfbpfhöe `b cl Zrbsh`befhl `b cl Elfhöe.
4<9
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4
4:<6. Vìdl`a << `b klya, `hlrha Ýcthkl Narl. Hrbeba Vìefnbz Ybcasa, lrthstl plrloulya rbsh`betb be Kèxhfa, betrbol plrthturls `bc klbstra FVO.
4:<4-4:<6. Flrtl `b Bchsl Oa`ay `b Ouchea l cl prbsh`betl lrobethel Frhsthel Ibreìe`bz `b Ghrfnebr. Zrapaeb cl frblfhöe `b ue bsplfha `bsthel`a l naerlr cl kbkarhl `b Faesubca Klcca Cöpbz be cl sb`b cl cl Bkdlml`l Lrobethel be Lsuefhöe, Zlrlouly. Zlrlouly. Ccbvl sbcca `b rbfbpfhöe `b cl Zrbsh`befhl `b cl Elfhöe.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
4<9
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
4
Zafa `bspuès hehfhlrël cl Zrhklrhl be cl Bsfubcl Earklc `b Zraibsarbs E½ <, be Orlc. @ëlz betrb Fnhcb y Lcdbr`h, Zrhkbr Orl`a –Facöe‛. Cl Vbfue`lrhl, be bc Facboha Elfhaelc `b Ehüls, cas 6 fursas `bc Dìshfa, y cas 6 `bc Dlfnhccbrlta, be bc Facboha `b Oabtnb.
CL LRPATL
Fae fakplübrls y fakplübras `bc Facboha `b Oabtnb, <89>. Lfl`bkhl Chtbrlrhl y cl Tbvhstl Hklobe.
Kh elfhkhbeta y khs prhkbras lüas sb pra`umbrae be Dubeas Lhrbs. Rel iata be Yhfbetb Cöpbz, Cöpbz, be drlzas `b kh tëa Fnhefnhea (Asflr _hc`b), nbrklea `b Vhcl, mueta l kh nbrklea Letaeha Khoubc (Bc Ebeb) y l kh nbrklel Ocl`ys Plehl Klrolrhtl Tlköe (Cl Ebel), par ca tleta, ya say Cl Bchsl. Ibdrbra `b <826, lpraxhkl`lkbetb ue lüa letbs `b vacvbr lc Zlrlouly. Kh klkì, Tlkael Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs, nhml `b Vuslel Tb`bs y `b Yhfbetb Ìcvlrbz Ta`rëoubz, bsplüac, ehbtl `b Kleubcl Ta`rëoubz Klrtëebz y Eldar Ìcvlrbz `b Flstra, Yhfb Föesuc `b Bsplül, Iue`l`ar y Zrbsh`betb `bc Fbetra Bsplüac `b Yhcclrrhfl (iue`l`a bc 4? `b mueha `b <8<2). Nbrb`è bc eakdrb `b kh tël ldubcl Bchsl Ta`rëoubz Klrtëebz, tël Bchsl, aurbeslel bccl tlkdhèe.
Orupa `b Pbltra PHBKZAAYHCCA
<898. Fae bstl iata heorbsè l cl Ilfuctl` `b Lrquhtbfturl (vbr sbcca). Iarkè plrtb `bc Fbetra `b Bstu`hletbs. Pbrkheè bc 9½ Fursa be `hfhbkdrb `b <8?0, l cas 46 lüas. Zrbsbetè cl Pbshs be <8??, adtbehbe`a bsb lüa bc tëtuca `b Lrquhtbftl.
<820. Vhcl y Tlkaehtl vle par Lkèrhfl l dusflr cls adrls `b Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas Kleoarè. Letaeha Khoubc qub`l puphca be bc Facboha Frhsta Tby, `b Lsuefhöe, Plehl qub`l puphcl be cl Klrël Luxhchl`arl `b Yhcclrrhfl, y ya qub`a chdrb be cas prl`as `b Kdaflylty, Oulhrì, fae Fbchel, tël Chcy, (Ocl`ys Vnhrcby), nbrklel `b Vhcl, y fae kh ldubcl Dlshchl Bfnlurh Fìfbrbs (iata), nhml `b Pbrbsl Fìfbrbs, (Klkì Pbrbsl), y `b Zltrhfha Bfnlurh, Iue`l`ar y Zrbsh`betb `bc Fcud Bc Zarvbehr Oulhrbüa, `b Yhcclrrhfl (iue`l`a bc 42 `b `hfhbkdrb `b <>>>). <8??. iata be cl Bstlefhl Bstlefhl Vlrle`y, `b khs tëls ldubcls Lehtl y L`bcl Oa`ay Lciaesa, nhmls `b @aül Klrël Lel Lciaesa y `b @ae Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay, eakdrb qub nbrb`è `b bstb dhsldubca.
<829. Eubstrl flsl be bc Dlrrha Zrbvhshöe, be cl Lvbeh`l Fnaibrbs `bc Fnlfa y Ptb. Vacës. Be bstl flsl kaetlkas eubstrl prhkbrl pra`uffhöe tbltrlc fae adrls `b Lciaeshel Vtareh.
4<>
<8>9. @aftarYhfbetb Ouchea Khfhbch, Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, Clurl(Fnhfnhel) Olrldlea Ylcheatth, @aftarl Tlkael Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs, fae sus ehbtas Vbdlsthìe y Vlethloa Yhfbetb Ouchea Oa`ay.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
Nukdbrta Ouchea Olrldlea y Bchsl. Eas faeafhkas bc > `b loasta `b <8?2, be kh flsl. Eas flslkas bc 4 `b `hfhbkdrb `b <8?>. Re lüa letbs, bc <2 `b loasta `b <8??, hehfhìdlkas bc trldlma fae bc Pbltra `b Kuübfas –Cas Pëtbrbs `b @ae Zachflrpa‛. Bstl iata bs `b <8?8.
4<8
Zafa `bspuès hehfhlrël cl Zrhklrhl be cl Bsfubcl Earklc `b Zraibsarbs E½ <, be Orlc. @ëlz betrb Fnhcb y Lcdbr`h, Zrhkbr Orl`a –Facöe‛. Cl Vbfue`lrhl, be bc Facboha Elfhaelc `b Ehüls, cas 6 fursas `bc Dìshfa, y cas 6 `bc Dlfnhccbrlta, be bc Facboha `b Oabtnb.
CL LRPATL
Fae fakplübrls y fakplübras `bc Facboha `b Oabtnb, <89>. Lfl`bkhl Chtbrlrhl y cl Tbvhstl Hklobe.
Kh elfhkhbeta y khs prhkbras lüas sb pra`umbrae be Dubeas Lhrbs. Rel iata be Yhfbetb Cöpbz, Cöpbz, be drlzas `b kh tëa Fnhefnhea (Asflr _hc`b), nbrklea `b Vhcl, mueta l kh nbrklea Letaeha Khoubc (Bc Ebeb) y l kh nbrklel Ocl`ys Plehl Klrolrhtl Tlköe (Cl Ebel), par ca tleta, ya say Cl Bchsl. Ibdrbra `b <826, lpraxhkl`lkbetb ue lüa letbs `b vacvbr lc Zlrlouly. Kh klkì, Tlkael Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs, nhml `b Vuslel Tb`bs y `b Yhfbetb Ìcvlrbz Ta`rëoubz, bsplüac, ehbtl `b Kleubcl Ta`rëoubz Klrtëebz y Eldar Ìcvlrbz `b Flstra, Yhfb Föesuc `b Bsplül, Iue`l`ar y Zrbsh`betb `bc Fbetra Bsplüac `b Yhcclrrhfl (iue`l`a bc 4? `b mueha `b <8<2). Nbrb`è bc eakdrb `b kh tël ldubcl Bchsl Ta`rëoubz Klrtëebz, tël Bchsl, aurbeslel bccl tlkdhèe.
Orupa `b Pbltra PHBKZAAYHCCA
<898. Fae bstl iata heorbsè l cl Ilfuctl` `b Lrquhtbfturl (vbr sbcca). Iarkè plrtb `bc Fbetra `b Bstu`hletbs. Pbrkheè bc 9½ Fursa be `hfhbkdrb `b <8?0, l cas 46 lüas. Zrbsbetè cl Pbshs be <8??, adtbehbe`a bsb lüa bc tëtuca `b Lrquhtbftl.
<820. Vhcl y Tlkaehtl vle par Lkèrhfl l dusflr cls adrls `b Loustëe Zëa Dlrrhas Kleoarè. Letaeha Khoubc qub`l puphca be bc Facboha Frhsta Tby, `b Lsuefhöe, Plehl qub`l puphcl be cl Klrël Luxhchl`arl `b Yhcclrrhfl, y ya qub`a chdrb be cas prl`as `b Kdaflylty, Oulhrì, fae Fbchel, tël Chcy, (Ocl`ys Vnhrcby), nbrklel `b Vhcl, y fae kh ldubcl Dlshchl Bfnlurh Fìfbrbs (iata), nhml `b Pbrbsl Fìfbrbs, (Klkì Pbrbsl), y `b Zltrhfha Bfnlurh, Iue`l`ar y Zrbsh`betb `bc Fcud Bc Zarvbehr Oulhrbüa, `b Yhcclrrhfl (iue`l`a bc 42 `b `hfhbkdrb `b <>>>). <8??. iata be cl Bstlefhl Bstlefhl Vlrle`y, `b khs tëls ldubcls Lehtl y L`bcl Oa`ay Lciaesa, nhmls `b @aül Klrël Lel Lciaesa y `b @ae Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay, eakdrb qub nbrb`è `b bstb dhsldubca.
<829. Eubstrl flsl be bc Dlrrha Zrbvhshöe, be cl Lvbeh`l Fnaibrbs `bc Fnlfa y Ptb. Vacës. Be bstl flsl kaetlkas eubstrl prhkbrl pra`uffhöe tbltrlc fae adrls `b Lciaeshel Vtareh.
Nukdbrta Ouchea Olrldlea y Bchsl. Eas faeafhkas bc > `b loasta `b <8?2, be kh flsl. Eas flslkas bc 4 `b `hfhbkdrb `b <8?>. Re lüa letbs, bc <2 `b loasta `b <8??, hehfhìdlkas bc trldlma fae bc Pbltra `b Kuübfas –Cas Pëtbrbs `b @ae Zachflrpa‛. Bstl iata bs `b <8?8.
<8>9. @aftarYhfbetb Ouchea Khfhbch, Flya Vhcl Oa`ay, Clurl(Fnhfnhel) Olrldlea Ylcheatth, @aftarl Tlkael Kleubcl Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs, fae sus ehbtas Vbdlsthìe y Vlethloa Yhfbetb Ouchea Oa`ay.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
4<>
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
4<8
Zrbsbetlfhöe `bc Pbltra `b Kuübfas –Cas Pëtbrbs `b @ae Zachflrpa‛ be bc Pbltra Kuehfhplc `b Lsuefhöe, <880
<88>. Kumbr Bspbrle`a, bs sbcbffhael`a betrb cas –@hbz Kbmarbs Fubetas plrl Mövbebs‛, be Faefursa arolehzl`a par bc Vbel`a `b cl Elfhöe, Iue`lfhöe be Lchlezl y @hlrha Ýcthkl Narl.
Hetborle`a Fakhshaebs @hrbfthvls be bc Fbetra Zlrloulya `b Pbltra, FBZLPB, Vafhl Iue`l`arl.
<889. Nukdbrta y Bchsl be bc Ibsthvlc Hetbrelfhaelc `b Pëtbrbs be Kltlezls, Fudl.
LTPBFÖE <88>. Hetbrflkdha fucturlc fae lrthstls lcbklebs, Lsuefhöe.
Lüa 4:::. Lsuefhöe, ltrìs, @ae \uhmatb
<8>>, Vlcl ‖ Bstu`ha @b Pbltra @b Cl Faapbrlthvl Rehvbrshtlrhl. <880. Bc Oadhbrea `bc Bstl`a `b Hsrlbc sbcbffhael kh furrëfuca plrl ue Fursa `b Zast-Orl`a sadrb –Cl Kumbr y cl Khfrabkprbsl‛, be bc –Oac`l Kbhr Kaetb Flrkbc Prlheheo Fbetbr‛. Kb`ha Arhbetb, Mbruslcbk, Klr Kb`htbrrìeba, Klr `b Olchcbl, Tëa Mar`ìe, @bshbrta `bc Ebonbv. <88?, Vhstbkl `b Faesuctls, Bfaeakël y Bsplfha, fae betrbvhstls pbrsaelcbs y be Pbcbvhshöe, ltbe`hbe`a ue Faesuctarha Lrquhtbftöehfa Orltuhta, `bs`b bc 4::4, be cl Faapbrlthvl Zlrloulyl `b cl Faestruffhöe. Bc fakprakhsa fae cl fakueh`l` y bc faapbrlthvhska nle sh`a plrtb hkpartletb `b kh trldlma pbrsaelc y praibshaelc, bmbrfhbe`a cl `hrhobefhl be cl Faapbrlthvl Rehvbrshtlrhl, Faapbrlthvl `b cls Lrtbs y Faapbrlthvl Zlrloulyl `b cl He`ustrhl `b cl Faestruffhöe, Faplfaes. 44:
<88>. Fae Fnus Lcaesa y Zb`ra Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs, be Dbeh`ark, Lchfletb. <882. Vbdlsthìe, Vlethloa, Nukdbrta, Fnhefnhea y Vhcl, be flsl, fae kltb y ouhtlrrl.
4:::. Vbcbffhael`l par cl Hetbrelthaelcb Irlube Rehvbrshtàt (HIR), Hetbrelthaelc _akbe‘s Rehvbrshty Fursa –Fhty le` Obe`br‛ be Lcbklehl, `urletb cl Bxpa Nleeavbr 4:::. Farl Lciaesa, Tasl Achvbrls Oakbz, `b Fudl, l kh `brbfnl, y Ihael Lccae, `b Lustrlchl, ldrlzl`l l kë. Glssbc, Facaehl, Nlkduroa, Nbh`bcdbro, Vtuttolrt, Irlegiurt, Aiibedlfn, _órzsduro, Glrcsrunb, Dl`be Dl`be.
@bs`b <8>4, prapubstls l cl Kuehfhplch`l` `b Lsuefhöe plrl cl rbstlurlfhöe `bc Pbltra Kuehfhplc, fae rbfakbe`lfhaebs fahefh`betbs fae cls `b tèfehfas irlefbsbs faetrltl`as plrl bc bibfta be <88?.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
<88>. Nlrry Ybreae Pazbr, klrhaebthstl elfh`a be Zlrlouly , be su flsl `b Dlrfbcael. Ibsthvlc Hetbrelfhaelc `b Pëtbrbs `b Pacasl, Zlës Ylsfa, Bsplül.
Lüa 4:::. Lsuefhöe.
4:::. Dusfle`a cl plrth`l `b elfhkhbeta `b kh ldubca kltbrea, Lcbklehl, Vuhzl, Irlefhl, bc Zlës Ylsfa, Flsthccl. Ccbol`l l Dle`b, Arbesb, Olchfhl, bc 6< `b loasta. Zubdca, Tbohstra Fhvhc, Lyuetlkhbeta, Hocbshl, Fbkbetbrha, cl nhstarhl `b cl ilkhchl Ìcvlrbz `b Flstra ‖ Ta`rëoubz Klrtëebz.
44<
Zrbsbetlfhöe `bc Pbltra `b Kuübfas –Cas Pëtbrbs `b @ae Zachflrpa‛ be bc Pbltra Kuehfhplc `b Lsuefhöe, <880
<88>. Kumbr Bspbrle`a, bs sbcbffhael`a betrb cas –@hbz Kbmarbs Fubetas plrl Mövbebs‛, be Faefursa arolehzl`a par bc Vbel`a `b cl Elfhöe, Iue`lfhöe be Lchlezl y @hlrha Ýcthkl Narl.
Hetborle`a Fakhshaebs @hrbfthvls be bc Fbetra Zlrloulya `b Pbltra, FBZLPB, Vafhl Iue`l`arl.
<889. Nukdbrta y Bchsl be bc Ibsthvlc Hetbrelfhaelc `b Pëtbrbs be Kltlezls, Fudl.
LTPBFÖE <88>. Hetbrflkdha fucturlc fae lrthstls lcbklebs, Lsuefhöe.
Lüa 4:::. Lsuefhöe, ltrìs, @ae \uhmatb
<8>>, Vlcl ‖ Bstu`ha @b Pbltra @b Cl Faapbrlthvl Rehvbrshtlrhl. <880. Bc Oadhbrea `bc Bstl`a `b Hsrlbc sbcbffhael kh furrëfuca plrl ue Fursa `b Zast-Orl`a sadrb –Cl Kumbr y cl Khfrabkprbsl‛, be bc –Oac`l Kbhr Kaetb Flrkbc Prlheheo Fbetbr‛. Kb`ha Arhbetb, Mbruslcbk, Klr Kb`htbrrìeba, Klr `b Olchcbl, Tëa Mar`ìe, @bshbrta `bc Ebonbv.
<88>. Fae Fnus Lcaesa y Zb`ra Ìcvlrbz Tb`bs, be Dbeh`ark, Lchfletb. <882. Vbdlsthìe, Vlethloa, Nukdbrta, Fnhefnhea y Vhcl, be flsl, fae kltb y ouhtlrrl.
<88?, Vhstbkl `b Faesuctls, Bfaeakël y Bsplfha, fae betrbvhstls pbrsaelcbs y be Pbcbvhshöe, ltbe`hbe`a ue Faesuctarha Lrquhtbftöehfa Orltuhta, `bs`b bc 4::4, be cl Faapbrlthvl Zlrloulyl `b cl Faestruffhöe. Bc fakprakhsa fae cl fakueh`l` y bc faapbrlthvhska nle sh`a plrtb hkpartletb `b kh trldlma pbrsaelc y praibshaelc, bmbrfhbe`a cl `hrhobefhl be cl Faapbrlthvl Rehvbrshtlrhl, Faapbrlthvl `b cls Lrtbs y Faapbrlthvl Zlrloulyl `b cl He`ustrhl `b cl Faestruffhöe, Faplfaes.
4:::. Vbcbffhael`l par cl Hetbrelthaelcb Irlube Rehvbrshtàt (HIR), Hetbrelthaelc _akbe‘s Rehvbrshty Fursa –Fhty le` Obe`br‛ be Lcbklehl, `urletb cl Bxpa Nleeavbr 4:::. Farl Lciaesa, Tasl Achvbrls Oakbz, `b Fudl, l kh `brbfnl, y Ihael Lccae, `b Lustrlchl, ldrlzl`l l kë. Glssbc, Facaehl, Nlkduroa, Nbh`bcdbro, Vtuttolrt, Irlegiurt, Aiibedlfn, _órzsduro, Glrcsrunb, Dl`be Dl`be.
@bs`b <8>4, prapubstls l cl Kuehfhplch`l` `b Lsuefhöe plrl cl rbstlurlfhöe `bc Pbltra Kuehfhplc, fae rbfakbe`lfhaebs fahefh`betbs fae cls `b tèfehfas irlefbsbs faetrltl`as plrl bc bibfta be <88?.
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
44:
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<88>. Nlrry Ybreae Pazbr, klrhaebthstl elfh`a be Zlrlouly , be su flsl `b Dlrfbcael. Ibsthvlc Hetbrelfhaelc `b Pëtbrbs `b Pacasl, Zlës Ylsfa, Bsplül.
Lüa 4:::. Lsuefhöe.
4:::. Dusfle`a cl plrth`l `b elfhkhbeta `b kh ldubca kltbrea, Lcbklehl, Vuhzl, Irlefhl, bc Zlës Ylsfa, Flsthccl. Ccbol`l l Dle`b, Arbesb, Olchfhl, bc 6< `b loasta. Zubdca, Tbohstra Fhvhc, Lyuetlkhbeta, Hocbshl, Fbkbetbrha, cl nhstarhl `b cl ilkhchl Ìcvlrbz `b Flstra ‖ Ta`rëoubz Klrtëebz.
F lya V hcl O a`ay
44<
Ëe`hfb 4::0, Fakhshöe @hrbfthvl `bc Facboha `b Lrquhtbftls y Lrquhtbftas `bc Zlrlouly, FLZ. –Kbes slel he farparb slea‛, 4::0, Zrìfthfl `b Bhsstafg Vpart, rbprbsbetle`a l Zlrlouly be befubetras Hetbrelfhaelcbs.
4::?, 2 `b mueha. B`hfha `bc Faeorbsa ‖ Nhpöchta Hrhoaybe <>08 y
Lv`l. Betrb Tëas, Fhu`l` Lutöeakl `b Dubeas Lhrbs- @b hzquhbr`l l `brbfnl Lchfhl Pbrbsl Lcara Cyefn, Zrbsh`betl Fcud Vnlcak Lrobethel7 Lrq. Bchsl F. Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz, rbfhdb cl @hsthefhöe faka –Cë`br plrl bc @bslrracca‛ Bfaeökhfa Hetborl`a `b Lkèrhfl Clthel7 Vbel`arl Elfhaelc Lrobethel, Clurl Klrtëebz Zlss `b Frbsta7 Vlcöe Lzuc `bc Naearldcb Vbel`a Lrobethea.
@hsthefhöe –Kumbrbs Zratloaehstls `bc Zlrlouly 4::0‛, @bibesarël `bc Zubdca, Tbpýdchfl `bc Zlrlouly.
4::?. @hsthefhöe –Cë`br plrl bc @bslrracca‛, Naearldcb Vbel`a Lrobethea, Ib`brlfhöe Clthealkbrhflel `b Fhu`l`bs y Fakuels, ICLFKL7 Ib`brlfhöe Lrobethel `b Kuehfhphas, Fcud Vnlcak Lrobethel.
• @b`hfltarhls
?
• Flkheas rbfarrh`as par Flya Vhcl Oa`ay
>
• Zrbsbetlfhöe
8
• Iatas Ilkhchlrbs
<:
• Tbsbül Dhaorìfl
<6
• Tbsýkbe par `èfl`ls y par plësbs rbfarrh`as
<9
• <86: l <868
• <80: l <808
4<
• <82: l <828
22
• <89: l <898
?8
• <8>: l <8>8
<<8
• <88: l <888
<9<
• 4::: l 4::?
<>6
• Lcoueas `b cas Lutarbs Hetbrprbtl`as par Flya Vhcl Oa`ay
<80
• Ouhtlrrls Rthchzl`ls
<80
• Lcouels `b cls Fakpashfhaebs `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay
<82
• Lcouels `b cas Lrrbocas Flya Vhcl Oa`ay
<82
• Ylcs - Zlrthturl
<89
• Hetbrbsletbs `afukbetas nlccl`as plrl cl sboue`l b`hfhöe
4::
• Cl Lutarl
4<>
4::8. @hsthefhöe `bc Faeorbsa Zlrloulya.
4:<6, 4 lc 2 `b klya. Befubetra ththrhtbsfa `bc Kbrfasur. Nakbelmb l Mulehta Flrtbr, Bchsl y Nukdbrta Ouchea, Nèftar Olrfël y Fnlfna Cöpbz Orbeea. 444
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
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F lya V hcl O a`ay
446
Ëe`hfb • @b`hfltarhls
4::0, Fakhshöe @hrbfthvl `bc Facboha `b Lrquhtbftls y Lrquhtbftas `bc Zlrlouly, FLZ. –Kbes slel he farparb slea‛, 4::0, Zrìfthfl `b Bhsstafg Vpart, rbprbsbetle`a l Zlrlouly be befubetras Hetbrelfhaelcbs.
4::?, 2 `b mueha. B`hfha `bc Faeorbsa ‖ Nhpöchta Hrhoaybe <>08 y
Lv`l. Betrb Tëas, Fhu`l` Lutöeakl `b Dubeas Lhrbs- @b hzquhbr`l l `brbfnl Lchfhl Pbrbsl Lcara Cyefn, Zrbsh`betl Fcud Vnlcak Lrobethel7 Lrq. Bchsl F. Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz, rbfhdb cl @hsthefhöe faka –Cë`br plrl bc @bslrracca‛ Bfaeökhfa Hetborl`a `b Lkèrhfl Clthel7 Vbel`arl Elfhaelc Lrobethel, Clurl Klrtëebz Zlss `b Frbsta7 Vlcöe Lzuc `bc Naearldcb Vbel`a Lrobethea.
@hsthefhöe –Kumbrbs Zratloaehstls `bc Zlrlouly 4::0‛, @bibesarël `bc Zubdca, Tbpýdchfl `bc Zlrlouly.
4::?. @hsthefhöe –Cë`br plrl bc @bslrracca‛, Naearldcb Vbel`a Lrobethea, Ib`brlfhöe Clthealkbrhflel `b Fhu`l`bs y Fakuels, ICLFKL7 Ib`brlfhöe Lrobethel `b Kuehfhphas, Fcud Vnlcak Lrobethel.
?
• Flkheas rbfarrh`as par Flya Vhcl Oa`ay
>
• Zrbsbetlfhöe
8
• Iatas Ilkhchlrbs
<:
• Tbsbül Dhaorìfl
<6
• Tbsýkbe par `èfl`ls y par plësbs rbfarrh`as
<9
• <86: l <868
• <80: l <808
4<
• <82: l <828
22
• <89: l <898
?8
• <8>: l <8>8
<<8
• <88: l <888
<9<
• 4::: l 4::?
<>6
• Lcoueas `b cas Lutarbs Hetbrprbtl`as par Flya Vhcl Oa`ay
<80
• Ouhtlrrls Rthchzl`ls
<80
• Lcouels `b cls Fakpashfhaebs `b Flya Vhcl Oa`ay
<82
• Lcouels `b cas Lrrbocas Flya Vhcl Oa`ay
<82
• Ylcs - Zlrthturl
<89
• Hetbrbsletbs `afukbetas nlccl`as plrl cl sboue`l b`hfhöe
4::
• Cl Lutarl
4<>
4::8. @hsthefhöe `bc Faeorbsa Zlrloulya.
4:<6, 4 lc 2 `b klya. Befubetra ththrhtbsfa `bc Kbrfasur. Nakbelmb l Mulehta Flrtbr, Bchsl y Nukdbrta Ouchea, Nèftar Olrfël y Fnlfna Cöpbz Orbeea. Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
444
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
446
F lya V hcl O a`ay
442
Vb tbrkheö `b hkprhkhr be cas Plccbrbs Orìfas `b cl hkprbetl Lrtb Eubva V.T.C.
be bc kbs `b mueha `b 4:<6, 2:: bmbkclrbs.
440
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
Vb tbrkheö `b hkprhkhr be cas Plccbrbs Orìfas `b cl hkprbetl Lrtb Eubva V.T.C.
be bc kbs `b mueha `b 4:<6, 2:: bmbkclrbs.
440
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
F lya V hcl O a`ay
442
449
www.partlcoulrleh.fak
Bchsl Faefbpfhöe Oa`ay Ìcvlrbz