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Líder legítimo : P%'r.a,%" $en"ar en 5(.'er (eg.!#,%5 5(.'er
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Líde Líderr
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Líder emprendedor : &n (.'er *&e a'%$!a e( e"!#(% $ar!#+#$a!#6%
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Líder liberal : ,e'#an!e e"!e e"!#(% 'e (#'era)g%0 e( (.'er 'e(ega
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Líder proactivo: e"!e !#$% 'e (#'era)g% $r%,&e6e e( 'e"arr%((%
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Líder audaz : e"!e !#$% 'e $er"%na e" +a$a) 'e re(a+#%nar"e
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Tipología de liderazgo y características C(a"#3#+a+#%ne" ,/" 3re+&en!e": Según (a 3%r,a(#'a' en "& e(e++#1n •
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La Filosofía del liderazgo
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$reg&n!a b/"#+a: >&2 +&a(#'a'e" '#"!#ng&en a &n (.'er?J K En e( $en"a,#en!% %++#'en!a( (%" !ra'#+#%na(#"!a" 'e !#$% a&!%+r/!#+% 'an a( $a$e( 'e( (#'era)g% &na "#,#(#!&' +%n (a 3#g&ra r%,ana 'e( Pater familias P%r %!ra $ar!e %!r%" $en"a'%re" ,/" ,%'ern%" "e %$%nen a e"!%" ,%'e(%" $a!r#ar+a(e"0 +%n (%" ,%'e(%" ,a!r#ar+a(e" *&e 'an &n ,a%r 6a(%r a (a %r#en!a+#1n e,$/!#+a +%n"en"&a( 'e( (.'er La !e%r.a 'e (%" ra"g%" "e ex$(%r1 a 3%n'% en &na "er#e 'e %bra" 'e( "#g(% I +%n (%" e"+r#!%" 'e Th%,a" Car((e ran+#" Ga(!%n0 +&a" %bra" han ((e6a'% a '2+a'a" 'e #n6e"!#ga+#1n Car((e #'en!#3#+a (%" !a(en!%"0 hab#(#'a'e" +ara+!er."!#+a" 3."#+a" 'e (%" h%,bre" *&e ((egar%n a( $%'er Ga(!%n0 exa,#n1 (a" +&a(#'a'e" 'e (#'era)g% en (a" 3a,#(#a" 'e (%" h%,bre" $%'er%"%"0 +%n+(&% *&e (%" (.'ere" na+en A ,e'#a'%" 'e( "#g(% 0 "#n e,barg%0 &na "er#e 'e ex/,ene" +&a(#!a!#6%" 'e e"!%" e"!&'#%" ((e61 a (%" #n6e"!#ga'%re" a !ener &na 6#"#1n ra'#+a(,en!e '#3eren!e 'e (a" 3&er)a" #,$&("%ra" 'e!r/" 'e (#'era)g% En (a re6#"#1n 'e (a (#!era!&ra ex#"!en!e0 en+%n!rar%n *&e ,#en!ra" *&e a(g&n%" ra"g%" "%n +%,&ne" a !ra62" 'e &na "er#e 'e e"!&'#%"0 (a e6#'en+#a genera( "&g#ere *&e (a" $er"%na" *&e "%n (.'ere" en &na "#!&a+#1n $&e'e n% ne+e"ar#a,en!e "er (.'ere" en %!ra" "#!&a+#%ne" 8(#'era)g% "#!&a+#%na(9 M#en!ra" en O++#'en!e e( (#'era)g% "e e"!&'#a 'e"'e $er"$e+!#6a" 'e,%+r/!#+a" a&!%+r/!#+a"0 en Or#en!e "e 'e"arr%((1 "egún e( +%n3&+#%n#",% (a #'ea 'e( (.'er +%,% &n "er er&'#!% ben26%(%0 a$%a'% $%r &na gran !ra'#+#1n 'e $#e'a' 3#(#a( C%,% '#+e S&n T)& en El arte de la guerra: E( (#'era)g% e" &na +&e"!#1n 'e #n!e(#gen+#a0 h%nra'e)0 h&,an#'a'0 +%ra4e '#"+#$(#na C&an'% &n% !#ene (a" +#n+% 6#r!&'e" !%'a" 4&n!a"0 +a'a &na +%rre"$%n'#en!e a "& 3&n+#1n0 en!%n+e" &n% $&e'e "er &n (.'erJ
Lecciones de liderazgo Según C%(#n P%e((0 ,& $%+a" 6e+e" en+%n!ra,%" ,a!er#a( *&e a$%r!e a(g&na" +%"a" a n&e"!r%" $r#n+#$#%" +r#!er#%" a e"!ab(e+#'%"0 "#n e,barg% 'ebe,%" re3(ex#%nar +a'a *&#en en n&e"!r% n#6e( "%bre n&e"!r% 'e"e,$e;% $r%3e"#%na( *&e +a'a
$er"%na e"!a %b(#ga'a a rea(#)ar0 'ebe,%" !ener $re"en!e *&e $ara !ener 2x#!% !ene,%" *&e +%n%+er a(g&na" (e++#%ne" 'e (#'era)g% *&e n%" "er/n 'e ,&+ha &!#(#'a' en n&e"!ra /,b#!% (ab%ra( 7 Ser (.'er #,$(#+a '#3er#r +%n (a" #'e%(%g.a" 'e (a ,a%r.a a *&e #,$(#+a !ener re"$%n"ab#(#'a' $ara arg&,en!ar 'eba!#r $ara #n"$#rar "eg&r#'a' Tener &n b&en (#'era)g% #,$(#+a re"$%n"ab#(#'a' $ara e( b#ene"!ar 'e( gr&$%0 $%r !a( ,%!#6% a(g&na" $er"%na" "e en%4aran $%r "&" a++#%ne" 'e+#"#%ne"0 *&erer ganar"e (a "#,$a!.a 'e !%'%" e" &n "#gn% 'e ,e'#%+r#'a' @ C&an'% "&" "&b%r'#na'%" 'e4en 'e $re"en!ar(e "&" $r%b(e,a"0 e"e '.a ha 'e4a'% 'e "er "& (.'er Le han $er'#'% (a +%n3#an)a $ara *&e (%" $&e'a a&'ar % $#en"an *&e a &"!e' a n% (e" #,$%r!a L%" (.'ere" 6er'a'er%" "e ,&e"!ran a++e"#b(e" "e $%nen a "& '#"$%"#+#1n K Pr%+&re re!ar a (%" $r%3e"#%na(e"0 n% !enga ,#e'% Debe a$ren'er 'e (%" $r%3e"#%na(e"0 bú"*&e(%" +%,% "&" "%+#%"0 %b"2r6e(%" 'e!en#'a,en!e E( (#'era)g% e" "%(#!ar#% Sea &"!e' e( $re"#'en!e % geren!e genera( 'e &na gran e,$re"a0 '#re+!%r 'e &n $r%e+!%0 (a ún#+a re"$%n"ab#(#'a' e" ún#+a,en!e "&a0 a&n +&an'% ,%!#6e (a $ar!#+#$a+#1n 'e "&" "&ba(!ern%"0 (a 'e+#"#1n *&e "e !%,e ún#+a,en!e "er/ "&a0 a&n +&an'% "ean 'e+#"#%ne" '#3.+#(e" e #ne*&.6%+a" *&e #n3(&#r/n en e( 'e"!#n% 'e (a +%(e+!#6#'a'
Bibliografía •
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enn#"0 Warren &r! Nan&" Leaders !he "trategies for !a#ing $harge Ne Q%r=: Har$er R%0 7 Da3!0 R#+har' L La e%periencia del liderazgo Cengage (earn#ng Ter+era e'#+#1n %&)e"0 a,e" M P%"ner Las "eis &isciplinas' La $redibilidad $omo se gana( se pierde( y por)ue la gente la reclama %""e-a"" P&b(#"her" San ran+#"+%7K $$ 7
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C%6e0 S!e$hen R Los * hábitos de la gente altamente efectiva E'#!%r#a( Pa#'%"0 70 ISN -K-7@-
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Greene0 R%ber! %%"! E(33er" 5La" (ee" 'e( $%'er 5
E"!%" "%n a(g&n%" 'e (%" estilos de liderazgo ,/" $%$&(are" n% "1(% en (a !e%r.a 'e( (#'era)g% "#n% !a,b#2n en (a $r/+!#+a en (a" e,$re"a" 'e h%
1. Liderazgo autocrático E( liderazgo autocrático e" &na 3%r,a ex!re,a 'e (#'era)g% !ran"a++#%na(0 '%n'e los líderes tienen el poder absoluto "%bre "&" !raba4a'%re" % e*&#$%" L%" ,#e,br%" 'e( "!a33 !#enen &na $e*&e;a %$%r!&n#'a' 'e 'ar "&geren+#a"0 #n+(&"% "# e"!a" "%n $ara e( b#en 'e( e*&#$% % 'e (a %rgan#)a+#1n M&+ha" $er"%na" "e "#en!en re"en!#'a" a( "er !ra!a'a" 'e e"!a ,anera A ,en&'% e( liderazgo autocrático !#ene a(!%" n#6e(e" 'e a&"en!#",% r%!a+#1n 'e( $er"%na( Para a(g&na" !area" !raba4%" "#n +a(#3#+a+#1n0 e( e"!#(% a&!%+r/!#+% $&e'e "er e3e+!#6%0 $%r*&e (a" 6en!a4a" 'e( +%n!r%( "&$eran (a" 'e"6en!a4a"
2. Liderazgo burocrático L%" líderes burocráticos ha+en !%'% "egún e( (#br%F S#g&en (a" reg(a" r#g&r%"a,en!e "e a"eg&ran *&e !%'% (% *&e hagan "&" "eg&#'%re" "ea $re+#"% E" &n e"!#(% 'e (#'era)g% ,& a$r%$#a'% $ara !raba4ar cuando existen serios riesgos de seguridad 8+%,% !raba4ar +%n ,a*&#nar#a0 "&"!an+#a" !1x#+a"0 % $e"% $e(#gr%"%9 % +&an'% e"!/n en 4&eg% (arga" "&,a" 'e '#ner%
3. Liderazgo carismático Un e"!#(% +ar#",/!#+% 'e (#'era)g% e" "#,#(ar a( liderazgo transformacional0 $%r*&e e"!%" (.'ere" #n"$#ran ,&+h."#,% en!&"#a",% en "&" e*&#$%" "&" ,& energ2!#+%" a( +%n'&+#r a (%" 'e,/" De !%'a" 3%r,a" (%" (.'ere" +ar#",/!#+%" tienden a creer más en si mismos ue en sus euipos e"!% genera $r%b(e,a"0 &n $r%e+!% % (a %rgan#)a+#1n en!era $%'r.an +%(a$"ar e( '.a *&e e( (.'er aban'%ne (a e,$re"a En (%" %4%" 'e (%" "eg&#'%re"0 e( 2x#!% e"!/ (#ga'% a (a $re"en+#a 'e( (.'er +ar#",/!#+%
!. Liderazgo participati"o o democrático A$e"ar 'e *&e e( (.'er 'e,%+r/!#+% e" e( *&e !%,a (a ú(!#,a 'e+#"#1n0 (%" (.'ere" $ar!#+#$a!#6%" % 'e,%+r/!#+%" in"itan a otros miembros del euipo a contribuir con el proceso de toma de decisiones E"!% n% "%(% a&,en!a (a "a!#"3a++#1n $%r e( !raba4% "#n% *&e a&'a a 'e"arr%((ar hab#(#'a'e" L%" ,#e,br%" 'e e*&#$% "#en!en en +%n!r%( 'e "& $r%$#% 'e"!#n% a". *&e e"!/n ,%!#6a'%" a !raba4ar '&r%0 ,/" *&e $%r &na re+%,$en"a e+%n1,#+a Qa *&e (a $ar!#+#$a+#1n 'e,%+r/!#+a ((e6a !#e,$%0 e"!e ab%r'a4e $&e'e '&rar ,&+h% !#e,$% $er% a ,en&'% "e (%gra &n b&en re"&(!a'% E"!e e"!#(% 'e (#'era)g% $&e'e a'%$!ar"e +&an'% e" e"en+#a( e( !raba4% en e*&#$% cuando la calidad es más importante ue la "elocidad o la producti"idad
#. Liderazgo $Laissez%faire& E"!a ex$re"#1n 3ran+e"a "#gn#3#+a '24a(% "erF e" &!#(#)a'a $ara 'e"+r#b#r líderes ue de'an a sus miembros de euipo traba'ar por su cuenta P&e'e "er e3e+!#6% "# (%" (.'ere" ,%n#!%rean (% *&e "e e"!/ (%gran'% (% +%,&n#+an a( e*&#$% reg&(ar,en!e A ,en&'% e( liderazgo laissez-faire e" e3e+!#6% cuando los indi"iduos tienen muc(a experiencia e iniciati"a propia De"a3%r!&na'a,en!e0 e"!e !#$% 'e (#'era)g% $&e'e 'ar"e "%(%0 +&an'% (%" ,an'%" n% e4er+en e( "&3#+#en!e +%n!r%(
). Liderazgo orientado a las personas o liderazgo orientado a las relaciones E" e( opuesto al liderazgo orientado a la tarea C%n e( (#'era)g% %r#en!a'% a (a" $er"%na"0 (%" (.'ere" e"!/n +%,$(e!a,en!e %r#en!a'%" en %rgan#)ar0 ha+er 'e "%$%r!e 'e"arr%((ar "&" e*&#$%" E" &n estilo participati"o0 !#en'e a empoderar al euipo y a fomentar la colaboraci*n creati"a En (a $r/+!#+a (a ,a%r.a 'e (%" (.'ere" &!#(#)an !an!% e( (#'era)g% %r#en!a'% a (a !area e( (#'era)g% %r#en!a'% a (a" $er"%na"
+. Liderazgo natural E"!e !2r,#n% 'e"+r#be a( líder ue no está reconocido formalmente como tal C&an'% a(g&#en en +&a(*&#er n#6e( 'e &na %rgan#)a+#1n (#'era "#,$(e,en!e $%r "a!#"3a+er (a" ne+e"#'a'e" 'e &n e*&#$%0 "e 'e"+r#be +%,% (.'er na!&ra( A(g&n%" (% ((a,an (#'era)g% "er6#( De ,&+ha" ,anera" e"!e !#$% 'e (#'era)g% es una forma democrática de liderazgo $%r*&e !%'% e( e*&#$% $ar!#+#$a 'e( $r%+e"% 'e !%,a 'e 'e+#"#%ne" &#ene" a$%an e( ,%'e(% 'e (#'era)g% na!&ra( '#+en *&e e" &na b&ena 3%r,a 'e !raba4% en &n ,&n'% '%n'e (%" 6a(%re" "%n +a'a 6e) ,/" #,$%r!an!e" O!r%" +reen *&e en "#!&a+#%ne" 'e ,&+ha +%,$e!en+#a0 (%" (.'ere" na!&ra(e" $&e'en $er'er $e"% $%r %!r%" (.'ere" *&e &!#(#)an %!r%" e"!#(%" 'e (#'era)g%
,. Liderazgo orientado a la tarea L%" (.'ere" a(!a,en!e %r#en!a'%" a (a !area0 se focalizan solo en ue el traba'o se (aya cumplido $&e'en "er &n $%+% a&!%+r/!#+%" E"!%" (.'ere" "%n ,& b&en%" $ara 'e3#n#r e( !raba4% (%" r%(e" ne+e"ar#%"0 %r'enar e"!r&+!&ra"0 $(an#3#+ar0 %rgan#)ar +%n!r%(ar Per% n% !#ene'en a $en"ar ,&+h% en e( b#ene"!ar 'e "&" e*&#$%"0 a"# *&e !#enen $r%b(e,a" $ara ,%!#6ar re!ener a "&" +%(ab%ra'%re"
-. Liderazgo transaccional E"!e e"!#(% 'e (#'era)g% na+e +%n (a #'ea 'e *&e (%" ,#e,br%" 'e e*&#$% a+&er'an %be+e'er +%,$(e!a,en!e a "& (.'er +&an'% a+e$!an e( !raba4% La !ran"a++#1n e" e( $ag% a +a,b#% 'e( e"3&er)% (a a+e$!a+#1n ha+#a (a" !area" *&e (e" 'a "& (.'er E( (.'er !#ene 'ere+h% a +a"!#gar a *&#en +%n"#'ere *&e "& !raba4% n% e"!/ +%,% 2( 'e"ea E( liderazgo transaccional es un tipo de management0 n% &n 6er'a'er% e"!#(% 'e (#'era)g%0 $%r*&e e( 3%+% e" ha+#a (a e4e+&+#1n 'e !area" 'e +%r!% $(a)%
1. Liderazgo transformacional
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#n"!r&++#1n +%,% b#en (% en!#en'e E" $r%$#% 'e &n (#'era)g% $r#n+#$#an!e Se +ara+!er#)a $%r: - M&e"!ra 'eb#(#'a' an!e e( e*&#$% - Crea anar*&.a - A+!úa a( ,.n#,% $ara n% #n+%,%'ar a( gr&$% - N% +&e"!#%na0 n% re3(ex#%na - Se ,an#3#e"!a "#n a&!%r#'a' - N% a&'a a "&$erar '#3#+&(!a'e" - E" b%na+h1n !%(eran!e La" +%n"e+&en+#a" "%n: - De"%rgan#)a+#1n en e( gr&$% - N% ha '#6#"#1n 'e( !raba4% - D&$(#+#'a' 'e 3&n+#%ne" - Re#na (a +%n3&"#1n - E( gr&$% "e 'e"#n!egra LIDERAZGO DEMOCRTICO O COOPERATIVO: En e( +&a( e( (.'er +%,$ar!e (a #n3%r,a+#1n0 (%" $r%b(e,a" 3&n+#%ne" +%n !%'%" (%" ,#e,br%" 'e( e*&#$% !%,a 'e+#"#%ne" en +%n+en"% Se +ara+!er#)a $%r !ener (a" "#g&#en!e" hab#(#'a'e": - C%n%+e a !%'%" (%" ,#e,br%" 'e( e*&#$% - An#,a 'a "eg&r#'a' +%n "&" a+!#!&'e" - D#"!r#b&e re"$%n"ab#(#'a'e" - N% a+e$!a (a '#re++#1n0 $#en"a "#en!e a+!úa +%n e( e*&#$% - Crea +%,$r%,#"% &n#3#+a e #n!egra en 3&n+#1n a (%" %b4e!#6%" - E"!#,&(a (a '#"+&"#1n - N% 4&)ga a (%" #n'#6#'&%" "#n% a !%'% e( e*&#$%0 #n+(&en'%"e &n% ,#",% - Da %$%r!&n#'a' a !%'%" - Tran",#!e (a #,$%r!an+#a 'e +a'a ,#e,br% - C%n3.a ,a" en e( e*&#$% *&e en (a" +a$a+#'a'e" #n'#6#'&a(e" - Hab(a "#e,$re 'e 5n%"%!r%"5 n% 'e 5&"!e'e"5 La" +%n"e+&en+#a" 'e e"!e !#$% 'e (#'era)g% "%n: - De"arr%((% 'e &n a,b#en!e $%"#!#6% $ara e( !raba4% - L%" ,#e,br%" "e "#en!en !an re"$%n"ab(e" +%,% e( (.'er en e( +&,$(#,#en!% 'e (a" ,e!a" & %b4e!#6%" - Ha re"$%n"ab#(#'a'e" +%,$ar!#'a" e #n'#6#'&a(e" - C(#,a 'e +%n3#an)a 'e +%,&n#+a+#1n 3ran+a ab#er!a
- Cre+#,#en!% 'e (a" $er"%na" 'e( e*&#$% Se &!#(#)a (%" !a(en!%" #n'#6#'&a(e" a 3a6%r 'e( e*&#$% - Ha #n!egra+#1n en!re (%" ,#e,br%" - Per,#!e (a +rea!#6#'a'0 $&e" n% ha re$re"#1n "# e"!.,&(% - L%" ,#e,br%" "e "#en!en en (#ber!a' +%n '#"$%"#+#1n 'e "er6#+#% D#6er"%" e"!&'#%" "e han 'e'#+a'% a e"!&'#ar *&2 ra"g%" 'e3#nen a (a" $er"%na" +ar#",/!#+a" La" ,/" re+#en!e" "e;a(an *&e n% "e !ra!a "1(% 'e "er +ar#",/!#+%0 "#n% 'e +%,$%r!ar"e +%,% !a( E( C%n3#'en+#a( re+%ge en %+h% $&n!%" (a" +ara+!er."!#+a" ,/" +%,&ne" en !%'a" e"a" #n6e"!#ga+#%ne": L#'er Car#",a!#+% 70scuc(an. Para *&e *&#ene" (% r%'ean "e "#en!an a$re+#a'%"0 e" ne+e"ar#% *&e e( (.'er (%" e"+&+he "e 'e!enga a re3(ex#%nar en "&" #'ea"0 "#n +%n"#'erar *&e (a" "&a" "%n ,e4%re" *&e (a" *&e e"!/ e"+&+han'% N#ng&na $er"%na +%n +ar#",a re+#be (a +%n3#an)a 'e (%" 'e,/" "# e"!%" $er+#ben *&e "& "&$er#%r #gn%ra +%n!#n&a,en!e (a" $r%$&e"!a" a4ena" +%n"#'era ,ara6#((%"a" (a" "&a" $r%$#a" @rean confianza e inspiran. A(g% *&e "e %b!#ene a !ra62" 'e (a ex$er#en+#a (a a++#1n e4e,$(ar0 $r#n+#$a(,en!e a !ra62" 'e (a +a$a+#'a' 'e re+%n%+er en,en'ar (%" $r%$#%" err%re" 'e ha+er +%,$ren'er a (%" 'e,/" "&" a+#er!%" e*%+a+#%ne" en (a 4&"!a ,e'#'a Un (.'er *&e ha $er'#'% "& +re'#b#(#'a' '#3.+#(,en!e 6%(6er/ a "er +%n"#'era'% re3eren+#a en!re "&" "eg&#'%re" Ko son conformistas. La" $er"%na" ,/" 6a(%ra'a" "%n a*&e((a" *&e $er+#ben a(gún err%r % #n4&"!#+#a en "& en!%rn% "%n +a$a+e" 'e $%ner en ,ar+ha e( $r%+e"% ne+e"ar#% $ara $%ner "%(&+#1n a !a( $r%b(e,a Para &na $er"%na +ar#",/!#+a0 "#e,$re ex#"!e a(g% "&"+e$!#b(e 'e "er ,e4%ra'%0 *&e $%r (% !an!%0 re*&#ere 'e "& $r%!ag%n#",% S& 'e"+%n!en!% +%n'&+e a (a a++#1n0 2"!a0 a( +a,b#% on "isionarios. Qa n% "e !ra!a "#,$(e,en!e 'e "er +a$a) 'e !ener &na b&ena #'ea0 "er h/b#( en 'e!er,#na'%" +a,$%" % "er ,& $r%'&+!#6%0 "#n% 'e "er +a$a) 'e e(ab%rar &n $r%e+!% $er"%na( e #n!ran"3er#b(e *&e (e" '#"!#nga 'e "&" #g&a(e" Toman riesgos y se sacrifican. Para "er +a$a+e" 'e a(+an)ar e"a 6#"#1n $er"%na(0 (%" (.'ere" 'eben $re'#+ar +%n e( e4e,$(% Q0
$%r (% !an!%0 han 'e a+!&ar en +%n"%nan+#a +%n (a" #'ea" *&e $r%$&gnan N% "e $&e'e $e'#r a (%" 'e,/" a(g% *&e &n% n% e"!/ '#"$&e"!% a 'ar $re!en'er *&e "e "#ga +%n3#an'% on creati"os. E( #ngen#% (a +a$a+#'a' $ara aban'%nar (a" +%n+e$+#%ne" $re'e!er,#na'a" '#"!#ng&en a &na $er"%na +ar#",/!#+a 'e %!ra "#,$(e,en!e +%,$e!en!e S&" a"$#ra+#%ne" "%n '#3eren!e" a (a" 'e( re"!% 'e 8+%n3%r,#"!a"9 ,%r!a(e"0 *&e re*&#eren &na "er#e 'e hab#(#'a'e" '#3eren!e" *&e (e" a&'en a en+abe)ar $r%e+!%" Qa "e "abe: "# *&#ere" re"&(!a'%" '#3eren!e"0 &n% 'ebe "eg&#r ,2!%'%" '#"!#n!%" Bo critican a los demás. A&n*&e haan +%,e!#'% err%re"0 +%!#((ear a e"$a('a" 'e (%" +%,$a;er%" "1(% +%n'&+e a (a $2r'#'a 'e +%n3#an)a 'e e"!%"0 *&e "%"$e+han *&e $&e'en "er %b4e!#6%" 'e (%" +%,en!ar#%" ,a(#n!en+#%na'%" 'e( (#"!#((%F en %+a"#%ne" "&+e"#6a" En e( 3%n'%0 (a" $er"%na" ,/" +ar#",/!#+a" (% "%n $%r ,%"!rar"e h&,an%"0 a&n*&e $&e'a "%nar $ara'14#+%: re+%n%+en *&e &n err%r (% $&e'e !ener +&a(*&#era Xa&n*&e e((%" "e$an %+&(!ar(% b#enX re+&er'an *&e (% #,$%r!an!e n% e" 6%(6er a re$e!#r(% 4ablan de 5nosotros67 no de 5yo6. E( eg%+en!r#",% n% e" $re+#"a,en!e &na +&a(#'a' 3re+&en!e en!re (a" $er"%na" +ar#",/!#+a"< ". (% e" #,$(#+ar a (%" 'e,/" en e( $r%e+!% *&e &n% ha +%,en)a'% L% #,$%r!an!e e" e( %b4e!#6% +%,ún *&e +a'a &n% a'%$!e e( $a$e( *&e (a e,$re"a ne+e"#!a0 n% (a rea(#)a+#1n $er"%na( 'e( (.'er
8efinici*n de liderazgo burocrático9 E" (a ,anera ,/" 3%r,a( 'e (#'erar E( (.'er b&r%+r/!#+% '#r#ge a "&" e,$(ea'%" a (a +%n"e+&+#1n 'e %b4e!#6%" !area" en ba"e a &na" n%r,a" e"!r#+!a" +%n+re!a"< en ba"e a (a $%(.!#+a 'e (a e,$re"a E( (.'er b&r%+r/!#+% b&"+a (a e3#+#en+#a a (a h%ra 'e 'e"e,$e;ar "& !raba4% en ba"e a e"!a" n%r,a" $%(.!#+a0 '%n'e a"#en!a (%" $#(are" 'e "& a&!%r#'a' Crea &n a,b#en!e 'e !raba4% r.g#'% en!re '#r#gen!e" "&b%r'#na'%" '%n'e 2"!%" 'eben a+a!ar "eg&#r (a" #n"!r&++#%ne" $re+#"a" e"!r#+!a" e"!ab(e+#'a" $%r (%" $r#,er%" aracterísticas del liderazgo burocrático9 La $r#n+#$a( +ara+!er."!#+a 'e( (#'era)g% b&r%+r/!#+% e" (a 'e"&n#1n en!re '#r#gen!e" "&b%r'#na'%" L%" (.'ere" "e '#6%r+#an 'e "&" !raba4a'%re" a+a!an (a" n%r,a"0 #'ea" %b4e!#6%" 'e (a $%(.!#+a 'e (a e,$re"a L%" (.'ere" b&r%+r/!#+%" "%n e(eg#'%" a !ra62" 'e
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